Spaced receiver observations of amplitude scintillations on a 244 MHz signal, at an equatorial station, have been used to study random temporal changes associated with the scintillation‐producing irregularities and the variability of their motion. The computed drift of the scintillation pattern shows the presence of velocity structures associated with equatorial bubbles in the early phase of their development. On magnetically quiet days, after 22:00 LT, the estimated drifts fall into a pattern which is close to that of the ambient plasma drift. There is considerable decorrelation between the two signals until 22:00 LT. The power spectra of the most highly correlated scintillations recorded by spaced receivers indicate that the associated irregularities are confined to a thin layer on the bottomside of the equatorial F region. This suggests that the convection pattern associated with bottomside irregularities is stable due to the dominance of ion‐neutral collisions over ion inertia.


Simple Summary The activation of osteoclasts occurs in up to 80% of myeloma patients. Osteoclasts promote myeloma resistance to therapeutic treatments and the formation of bone lytic lesions, resulting in bone pain and fractures in patients. However, the role of osteoclasts in drug resistance is generally overseen when performing preclinical screenings to identify new therapeutics for multiple myeloma. We propose in our study a new methodology, scalable to high throughput for the analysis of drug efficacy to better predict efficacy in myeloma patients that develop bone disease. We have identified GDC-0941 as a drug candidate that, used in combination treatments, could enhance the efficacy of currently used therapeutic drugs for myeloma by overcoming resistance mediated by osteoclasts, as well as bone marrow mesenchymal/fibroblastic stromal cells. Our work supports exploring GDC-0941 in combination with current clinical drugs for myeloma patients with active bone disease. Abstract Osteoclasts contribute to bone marrow (BM)-mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) by providing cytoprotective cues. Additionally, 80% of patients develop osteolytic lesions, which is a major cause of morbidity in MM. Although targeting osteoclast function is critical to improve MM therapies, pre-clinical studies rarely consider overcoming osteoclast-mediated cytoprotection within the selection criteria of drug candidates. We have performed a drug screening and identified PI3K as a key regulator of a signalling node associated with resistance to dexamethasone lenalidomide, pomalidomide, and bortezomib mediated by osteoclasts and BM fibroblastic stromal cells, which was blocked by the pan-PI3K Class IA inhibitor GDC-0941. Additionally, GDC-0941 repressed the maturation of osteoclasts derived from MM patients and disrupted the organisation of the F-actin cytoskeleton in sealing zones required for bone degradation, correlating with decreased bone resorption by osteoclasts. In vivo, GDC-0941 improved the efficacy of dexamethasone against MM in the syngeneic GFP-5T33/C57-Rawji mouse model. Taken together, our results indicate that GDC-0941 in combination with currently used therapeutic agents could effectively kill MM cells in the presence of the cytoprotective BM microenvironment while inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts. These data support investigating GDC-0941 in combination with currently used therapeutic drugs for MM patients with active bone disease.


Traditional computed tomography (CT) contrast agents, such as iodine-containing small molecules (omnipaque), have limitations in some applications. The development of nanotechnology has made it possible to develop CT contrast agents based on this technology. In this study, a large number
 of surface functional groups of the fifth-generation polyamide-amine dendrimer (P5-NH2) were applied to functionally modify polyethylene glycol (PEG), targeting molecules, or drugs, which were used as the carrier of CT contrast agents. With the help of sodium borohydride (NaBH4),
 there was a rapid reduction. The fluorescein thiocyanate (FT) and PEG modified with lactobionic acid (PEG-LA) weres connected before gold coating to obtain gold nanoparticles coated with targeted dendrimer (Au(P5-LA)DENPs). In the experiment, the gold nanoparticles were characterized, and
 the liver cancer nude mouse model was established, so as to analyze the CT imaging performance of the material. Besides, the above was applied in the motor function of children with cerebral palsy, and the improvement effect of CT imaging combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation based
 on the preparation of nanomaterials on the movement function of children was analyzed and demonstrated with the help of graph theory. The results showed that the average particle size of gold nanoparticles was 1.88 nm. Within the range of 5 °C–50 °C and pH = 4–7, the physical
 properties of the aqueous solution of this material were stable. What's more, the cell activity still exceeded 80% when the material concentration reached 2000 nm. The nude mouse model of liver cancer indicated that the CT imaging based on this material enhanced the image contrast effect
 of the tumor part, and the material had no obvious toxic and side effects. CT imaging based on the preparation of nanomaterials can promote transcranial magnetic stimulation to accelerate the efficiency of brain movement, accelerate the global and local information exchange and integration
 speed of brain network, thereby improving the movement function of children.


IRIS data (the low degree f < 3 helioseismology network) have been analysed for the study of p-mode parameters variability over the falling phase of the solar activity cycle 22 and the rising phase of the solar activity cycle 23. The IRIS duty cycle has been improved by the so-called repetitive music method, a method of partial gap filling. We present in this paper an analysis of the dependence of p-mode frequencies and linewidths with frequency and with solar magnetic activity. We confirm also the periodicity of about 70 μHz of the high-frequency pseudo modes, with a much reduced visibility during the phase of higher activity.


Impulsive loading by the ground reaction force (GRF) around heelstrike during walking is closely related to joint degeneration and might be affected by joint movement of the locomotor system. Fifteen healthy males (age: 25.5 ±3 years) were studied to investigate the association between the quantitative joint angles, angular velocities and accelerations of the lower-limb joints, and the loading rates of the GRF. Apart from the gait speed, both the ipsilateral kinematics during the swing phase, and the contralateral kinematics around the beginning of the terminal double limb stance (DLS), may significantly contribute to the heelstrike and maximum loading rates of the GRF. The magnitude of the heelstrike impulsive GRF was particularly affected by the peak ankle dorsiflexion velocity during the swing phase of the ipsilateral limb. However, for generating the maximum loading rate of nearly eight times the magnitude of that of the heelstrike one needed more kinematic variables to be modulated in advance, especially the knee flexion velocities around the beginning of the terminal DLS of the contralateral limb. Knowledge of the joint mechanics of the locomotor system for controlling the magnitude of the impulsive GRF during normal walking might be helpful for gait retraining for the elderly or patients who might have excessive impulsive GRF and a high risk of joint degeneration.


In 1930s before the outburst of the Pacific War,American East-Asian Policy influences directly the international situation and development of the East-Asian countries and gives rise to heated debate among countries concerned and historians worldwide.To explore these issues in the perspective of national interest,some seemingly reasonable views are in fact"false proposition".In this article,American "appeasement policy" does not lead to Japanese invasion,which later leads to the outburst of the Pacific War;it is even impossible to say that if America intervenes earlier against the Japanese invasion,eastern fascism can be suppressed and East-Asian War and the Pacific War can therefore be avoided.This kind of subjective surmise of American policy(which is not based on the analysis of "interest") is incorrect in endorsing"conduct logic" to America.The consequence is to provide an"ethical basis" for the later American East-Asian policy and a reason for the intervention of America in the international affairs.This kind of mistake lies in: first,a confusion of the positioning of subject which leads to the confusion of logic when analyzing;second,there is misunderstanding and immaturity in the positioning of cognitive theory of national interest concerning international relation and policy of foreign affairs.


This article aims to show that studies concerning social representations can be made out of the habitual considerations between scientific thought and common sense. Moscovici, Jodelet, De Rose, Kalampalikis and Paredes (2009), show the importance as much as the pertinence of taking into account the couple mythical thought and social representations.


An established introduction to the sociology of teaching and learning which has been enlarged to take account of recent issues in education. Each chapter ends with "signposts" designed to encourage further investigation of the ideas and themes raised.


The reasons for application of three-state Schmitt triggers are considered, and the implementations of those circuits with CMOS transistors are described in the paper. The design of three-state Schmitt triggers is described and their static and dynamic parameters are analysed. The results of computer simulation and comparison of the proposed circuits are presented. Several experimental results are also given in the paper.


High yielding varieties and sound planting materials are prerequisites for sound seed potato production. Low multiplication rate, high seed (tuber) rate, dynamic amassing of degenerative infections, perishability and massiveness are the inherent issues in seed potato production. This may result in non-accessibility/non-availability of sufficient amounts of value seeds at reasonable cost and seed cost alone reflects 40% which is half of the aggregate expenses of development in potato. To go around a portion of these issues, a few alterations, for example, tuber ordering for infection opportunity, seed increase stages and seed accreditation guidelines have been created and incorporated with regular potato seed generation programs. The advent of tissue culture, in which virus-free plants can be produced through meristem culture, maintained indefinitely under controlled conditions and multiplied in artificial media under sterile conditions in the laboratory throughout the year irrespective of growing season, has revolutionized seed production in potato world over. Recent developments in automation of minitubers production have further enhanced adaptability of these techniques in potato seed production. In addition to quality assurance through meristem culture, aeroponic technique of minitubers production ensures high multiplication rate at initial stages of quality seed potato production.


We read the article titled "Remote ischemic preconditioning delays the onset of acute mountain sickness in normobaric hypoxia" with great interest (Berger et al. 2015). The authors have concluded that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) of 45 min before exposure to normobaric hypoxia transiently reduces symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and this effect is not associated with reduced plasma levels of reactive oxygen species. The study reports the incidence of AMS as 7% (1 out of 14 subjects) …


We present calculations of the collective excitation spectrum of the fractional quantum Hall state in the presence of the proximity effect (i.e., the effect of a metallic layer close to the two-dimensional electron gas). The gap in the spectrum becomes smaller due to this effect and decreases as the metallic layer gets closer to the electron gas. Increasing the thickness of the electron gas has the same effect as changing the distance to the metallic layer. The proximity effect can be helpful in investigating the role of the electron-electron interactions in the excitations of the fractional quantum Hall state.


Background : Scorpion mauruspalmatus belongs to the family scor-pionidae and is common in the Saudi Arabia, Middle East, and Mediterranean and Jordan regions. It is found in Lower Egypt (Wadi Natrun, Cairo, Faiyum, Western Mediterranean costal Desert), southern and central Sini. Study aim : is to study the cytotoxicity induced by the scorpion venom of Scorpio mauruspalmatus inhabiting different localities in Egypt using different in vitro approaches. Material and methods: Collection of scorpions and preparation of venom samples. Captive scorpions from the four locations (Alexandria, Rahaba, Sahab, and Alagramia) were kept separately in individual containers. Scorpions were milked using the squeezing method, and individual venom samples collected and lyophilized. The freeze-dried pooled venom was stored at -20 °C prior to use. Study design : To study in vitro cytotoxicity of S. m. palmatus venom collected from different locations in Egypt,blood samples were collected from 20 ether-anesthetized mice using periorbital puncture. Heparinized blood was divided into 10 groups and incubated with two different concentrations (10 and 20 ug/ml) of S. m. palmatus venom, and a range of assays. Assays: Malondialehyde (MDA) assay, Protein carbonyl assay, Estimation of nitric oxide, Estimation of reduced glutathione (GSH), Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and catalase, Estimation of hemoglobin contentwere carried out after 0, 30,60, 90 and 120 min. Results : The haemoglobin level was significantly (p<0.05) increased with time as revealed by ANOVA. According to Two-way analysis of variance there were a highly significant difference in glutathione level induced by groups (p<0.001***), sites (p<0.001***), concentrations (p<0.001***). The MDA level was increased in both Alexandria and Rahaba, at concentration of 20ug/ml. The protein carbonyl (PC) level in Agramia was increased at both 10,20ug/ml concentration. Also, the nitrocoxide( NO) was increased at both Alexandria and Sahab at 10ug/ml and also remarkably increased in Alexandria and Rahaba at 20ug/ml. In addition to that, the catalase level was also increased in Sahab site ato 20ug/ml concentration. The glutathione level (µg/ mL) was significantly (p<0.05) increased with time as revealed by ANOVA in Alexandria, Rahaba, Agramia, however it was decreased in Sahab. According to Two-way analysis of variance there were a highly significant difference in SOD Activities induced by groups (p<0.001***), sites (p<0.001***), concentrations (p<0.001***). Conclusion: The venom of scorpion mauruspalmatus has significant cytotoxic effects and increase the biomarker stress, especially at 20ug/ml on different location of the study.


ABSTRACT Sexism, heterosexism and cissexism shape what is visible and knowable about sexual violence for LGBTQ people. While there is a plethora of research into 'rape myths' as they pertain to cisgender women's experiences of sexual violence perpetrated by cisgender men, comparatively little research examines how myths and stereotypes about sexual violence might impact LGBTQ victims/survivors. This article draws from 29 interviews with sexual assault support workers and LGBTQ community workers in Victoria and South Australia, which form part of a broader study exploring societal discourses about sexual violence for LGBTQ people. In this article, we present findings of a thematic analysis exploring the complex interplay between heterosexist and cissexist ideas about LGBTQ people (their bodies, sexual practices and relationships) as well as myths and stereotypes about sexual violence (what it looks like, what causes it and who is deserving of compassion). The article discusses workers' views on how myths and stereotypes impact on LGBTQ victims/survivors' ability to speak about their experiences of violence and be understood and appropriately supported by others. It is argued that myths and stereotypes can often work to minimise and justify sexual violence, while also blaming LGBTQ victims/survivors for their experiences.


Although I am on trauma surgery rounds, the aspiring neurologist in me is excited; our patient is complaining of lower abdomen and right leg numbness. I sprint through possible localizations in my mind, thinking of what we might find on her physical examination: Brown-Séquard, anterior cord, radiculopathy, peripheral nerves. Which dermatomes are involved? What does she mean by numbness anyway?


13
 C N.m.r. spectra of metal carbonyls (>60%13CO-enriched) allow the first observation of 2JCCcis values which are an order of magnitude smaller than 2JCCtrans; this technique is also useful in the assignment of CO resonances as is shown in the case of H2Os3(CO)10.


This thesis deals with modeling and optimizing the energy efficiency of the ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) services, and applies a transparent and modular method, which is recognized for the energetic fields. A service is split into generic and independent operations for which specific consumptions are calculated with accessible and qualified raw data. Then we determine the natural specific variables that act on the consumption, in order to target ways to optimize the energy consumption. The method has been tested on a telemeeting service : its use phase consumes 1230 kJ of electricity per hour of meeting and per user. This consumption has been compared with the one of a business trip. For a 2 hours meeting, it appears for a user that for a trip of more than 5 km with public transport, it is better to use the tele-meeting. The parameters that act the most on the consumption have been put ahead : the utilization rate of the equipment and their idle consumption. The variation of the consumption with the load (for the PCs, servers and access networks) has been included to the model. The manufacturing consumption has been assessed at 933 kJ of electricity per hour of meeting and per user. A huge part is caused by the chips which constitute the equipment (CPU and RAM). We have shown that to manufacture them, the consumption per cm2 of chip had been overestimated by a factor 5 in the studies and databases still used, which caused an overestimation of the computer manufacturing consumption; The method has then been extended to another service : the e-mail.


Plate-truss composite girder was usually used in suspension bridges because of their good aeroelastic stability. Establishing section models with different length by ANSYS program,and exerting equivalent loads by different ways, then the bending and torsional stiffness were calculated by the deformation of the finite-element model.It provides foundation for the model simplification of wind tunnel experiment and the dynamaic analysis of suspension bridge.at last,make the comparison for model dynamic result between plate-truss girder and equivalent box girder through a suspension bridge.


Korea amended civil procedure at the time of 2007. 7. 13. to introduce expert commissioner system. This system, expert commissioner, originally modeled after Japan's expert commissioner, but it has a little important differences. In contrast with Japan's case, Korean expert commissioner can do more broad role participating in the civil procedure. He is a private citizen but he is treated as a sort of public servants in the case of bribery. He could get his pay from the government by the case. In this system, expert commissioner will be selected by Director of Judicial Policy's official in charge. The official could select expert commissioner by interviewing and passing through the documentation after the recommendation of entity and institutes. In this context, the official has a lot of resemblance of "admission officers" in college entrance system, he has too heavy responsibility in selecting expert commissioner in spite of his lack of expert knowledge. Under this system, Korean expert commissioner will have to take charge of expert witness' role in part according to each party's desire. Under this background, I proposed that the character of expert commissioner should treated not instructer but a friend of court or an assistant. The human pool of expert commissioner also need to be enlarged as wide as possible to avoid capturing by interest group. Expert recruiting official has to accumulate special ability and know how to select expert because he has a golden key to success in this system.


Infectious diseases such as SARS, influenza and bird flu may spread exponentially throughout communities. In fact, most infectious diseases remain major health risks due to the lack of vaccine or the lack of facilities to deliver the vaccines. Conventional vaccinations are based on damaged pathogens, live attenuated viruses and viral vectors. If the damage was not complete, the vaccination itself may cause adverse effects. Therefore, researchers have been prompted to prepare viable replacements for the attenuated vaccines that would be more effective and safer to use.

DNA vaccines are generally composed of a double stranded plasmid that includes a gene encoding the target antigen under the transcriptional directory and control of a promoter region which is active in cells. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccines allow the foreign genes to be expressed transiently in cells, mimicking intracellular pathogenic infection and inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses. Currently, because of their highly evolved and specialized components, viral systems are the most effective means for DNA delivery, and they achieve high efficiencies (generally >90%), for both DNA delivery and expression. As yet, viral-mediated deliveries have several limitations, including toxicity, limited DNA carrying capacity, restricted target to specific cell types, production and packing problems, and high cost. Thus, nonviral systems, particularly a synthetic DNA delivery system, are highly desirable in both research and clinical applications.


Predicting oil recovery efficiency of deepwater reservoirs is a challenging task. One approach to characterize and predict the producibility of a reservoir is by analyzing its depositional information. In a deposition-based stratigraphic interpretation framework, one critical step is the identification and labeling of the stratigraphic components in the reservoir according to their depositional information. This interpretation process is labor intensive and can produce different results depending on the stratigrapher who performs the analysis. To relieve stratigrapher's workload and to produce more consistent results, this research developed a methodology to automate this process using various computational intelligent techniques. Using a well log data set, we demonstrated that the developed methodology and the designed workflow can produce finite state transducer models that interpret deepwater reservoir depositional environments adequately.


The genome allocation of the Triticum aestivum L. chromosomes denoted 4A and 4B was based on an erroneous inference. Since neither chromosome pairs with the chromosomes of putative ancestors of wheat, molecular tools were employed to clarify the origin of the two chromosomes. Disomic substitutions for T. aestivum chromosomes 4A or 4B by chromosomes 4 from T. speltoides (Tausch) Gren., a putative ancestor of the wheat B genome, T. longissimum (Schweinf. et Muschl.) Bowden (a close relative of T. speltoides), or T. monococcum L. ssp. aegilopoides (Link) Thell., a close relative of the ancestor of the wheat A genome, were produced. The ability of the substituted chromosome to compensate in the disomic substitution lines, the C-banding patterns of the chromosomes, electrophoretic alleles at the Adh-1 and Lpx-1 loci, and in situ hybridization with an interspersed repeated sequence all were consistent in showing that the chromosome previously denoted as 4A belongs to the B genome and the chromosome previously d...


CuKα radiation ( = 1.5418 Å) using a Siemens D5005 diffractometer. The XRD data were collected between 2θ = 5 and 80° (in steps of 2° min -1 ). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained using a Tecnai FEI G20 operated at 200 kV. Samples were prepared by drop casting an alcoholic suspension of nanomaterial in carbon coated copper grid. 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded at 300 MHz instrument with chemical shifts reported relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS), with CDCl3 as solvent. Enantiomeric excesses (ee) were determined by gas chromatography (GC) analysis using a TRACETM 1310 Thermo Scientific TM chromatograph with a beta cyclodextrin capillary column. The lowresolution mass spectra (LRMS) were recorded on a Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 Plus mass-spectrometer. Optical rotations were performed on A.Krüss Optronic automatic polarimeter P3000 (λ 589 nm) using a cell with a path length of 50 mm. All racemic amide products were prepared by reaction with Ac2O in the presence of Et3N, using CH2Cl2 as the solvent, following the procedure described in "General procedure for racemization of (S)-1-phenylethylamine" section.


In this work, thin films of Cd1-xZnxTe of 1μm and 100nm thickness are fabricated on plain glass substrates with 'x' varying from 0.0567 to 0.2210. Structural properties of these Cd1-xZnxTe 1μm and 100nm thin films are studied. The structural properties of these fabricated films are found to be functions of film thickness and 'x'. The present paper has dealt with the estimation of dimensional effect on Cd1xZnxTe thin films in the light of structural characterization studies.


somatic DNMT3A mutations in therapy-related and secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Publisher's Disclaimer. E-publishing ahead of print is increasingly important for the rapid dissemination of science. Haematologica is, therefore, E-publishing PDF files of an early version of manuscripts that have completed a regular peer review and have been accepted for publication. E-publishing of this PDF file has been approved by the authors. After having E-published Ahead of Print, manuscripts will then undergo technical and English editing, typesetting, proof correction and be presented for the authors' final approval; the final version of the manuscript will then appear in print on a regular issue of the journal. All legal disclaimers that apply to the journal also pertain to this production process. www.haemato-logica.org) publishes peer-reviewed papers across all areas of experimental and clinical hematology. The journal is owned by the Ferrata Storti Foundation, a non-profit organization , and serves the scientific community with strict adherence to the principles of open access publishing (www.doaj.org). In addition, the journal makes every paper published immediately available in PubMed Central (PMC), the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature. Support Haematologica and Open Access Publishing by becoming a member of the Europe Hematology Association (EHA) and enjoying the benefits of this membership, which inc participation in the online CME?program Abstract The recent identification of DNMT3A mutations in de novo acute myeloid leukemia prompted us to determine their frequency, patterns and clinical impact in a cohort of 98 patients with either therapy-related or secondary acute myeloid leukemia developing from an antecedent hematological disorder. We identified 24 somatic mutations in 23 patients with a significantly higher frequency in secondary acute myeloid leukemia (35.1%) as compared to therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (16.4%, p=0.0486). DNMT3A mutations were associated with a normal karyotype and IDH1/2 mutations, but did not affect survival. In contrast to de novo acute myeloid leukemia, most mutations did not affect arginine on position 882, but were predominantly found in the methyltransferase domain. All DNMT3A mutations identified in secondary acute myeloid leukemia were already present in the antecedent disorders indicating an early event. Reduction to homozygosity by uniparental disomy was observed in two patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia during disease progression.


Rhagoletis pupae were collected in fourteen countries from Prunus avium, P. cerasus, Lonicera xylosteum and Berberis vulgaris. Analysis of the emergence curves of the flies and of crosses carried out between flies from the different hosts and between geographic strains collected on sweet cherries showed that the European population of Rhagoletis cerasi L. is subdivided into several distinct host races or sibling species. Whereas in the cherry race there is evidence for the existence of a western and an eastern European complex exhibiting unidirectional sterility in hybrid crosses, no differences could be observed in the emergence patterns along a west‐east cline. However, the emergence patterns changed significantly along the north‐south transect through Europe with prolonged emergence periods occurring with decreasing latitude and possibly with increasing altitude.


Cognitive screening and brief cognitive assessment is an important skill for practitioners across gerontology disciplines. Results of such screening can then point to possible referral points for additional assessment and treatment. The recently released DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for neurocognitive disorders provide a new context for interpreting screening and incorporate many changes from the previous edition—including an increased reliance on cognitive assessment. In this article we first describe these changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5. Next we link these changes to the practice of cognitive screening and brief cognitive assessment. We then describe how cognitive screening can be embedded in an assessment framework that includes attention to symptom expression, normal aging, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and base rates. It is increasingly likely that gerontology healthcare practitioners will encounter neurocognitive compromise in their practice. Thus, clinical care should incorporate services including cognitive screening and assessment, broad based differential diagnosis considering DSM-5, and appropriate referral.


Atmospheric pressure deep UV lithography using fast chemically amplified photoresists will be the mainstay of semiconductor production into the foreseeable future. Airborne base contamination of modern resists is a yield-limiting issue that has lacked quantitative correlation to resist performance. Herein, the authors discuss the affect and implications of molecular base contamination on a state-of-the-art 248 nm chemically amplified photoresist. The results of this work suggest that contamination control will become even more critical as we enter the era of low K1 factor 150 nm device production using 248 nm lithography. The experimental work that supports these conclusions was performed at IMEC, Leuven, Belgium.


Surface slope profile is commonly used to evaluate X-ray reflective optics, which is used in synchrotron radiation beam. Moreover, the measurement result of measuring instrument for X-ray reflective optics is usually the surface slope profile rather than the surface height profile. To avoid the conversion error, the slope-based figuring model is introduced introduced by processing the X-ray reflective optics based on surface height-based model. However, the pulse iteration method, which can quickly obtain the dell time solution of the traditional height-based figuring model, is not applied to the slope-based figuring model because property of the slope removal function have both positive and negative values and complex asymmetric structure. To overcome this problem, we established the optimal mathematical model for the dwell time solution, By introducing the upper and lower limits of the dwell time and the time gradient constraint. Then we used the constrained least squares algorithm to solve the dwell time in slope-based figuring model. To validate the proposed algorithm, simulations and experiments are conducted. A flat mirror with effective aperture of 80 mm is polished on the ion beam machine. After iterative polishing three times, the surface slope profile error of the workpiece is converged from RMS 5.65 μrad to RMS 1.12 μrad.


A novel strategy based on a zero common mode voltage pulse-width modulation (ZCMV-PWM) technique and zero-sequence circulating current (ZSCC) feedback control is proposed in this study to eliminate ZSCCs between three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverters, with common AC and DC buses, that are operating in parallel. First, an equivalent model of ZSCC in a three-phase three-level NPC inverter paralleled system is developed. Second, on the basis of the analysis of the excitation source of ZSCCs, i.e., the difference in common mode voltages (CMVs) between paralleled inverters, the ZCMV-PWM method is presented to reduce CMVs, and a simple electric circuit is adopted to control ZSCCs and neutral point potential. Finally, simulation and experiment are conducted to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Results show that ZSCCs between paralleled inverters can be eliminated effectively under steady and dynamic states. Moreover, the proposed strategy exhibits the advantage of not requiring carrier synchronization. It can be utilized in inverters with different types of filter.


Double-layered films made of CoNbZr films with SiO2 interlayers were prepared and their high-frequency characteristics were investigated to optimize the dimensions of the film for micromagnetic devices used in the high-frequency range around 100 MHz. The dependence of the magnetic state, that is, the easy-axis state and closure-domain state of the striped film, on the film thickness is similar to that shown in the theoretical phase diagram by Slonczewsky et al. The appropriate thickness of interlayers for maximizing the ratio μ′/μ″ depends on the magnetic film thickness and film width in the region of the easy-axis state. The ratio μ′/μ″ varies with the film width and length. These results show that films with relatively high permeability and low film loss are obtained by optimizing the interlayer thickness, film width, and length.


The size consistency of multi-reference Mù ller± Plesset perturbation theory as a function of the structure of the zeroth-order Hamiltonian is studied. In calculations it is shown that the choice of projection operators to de® ne the zeroth-order Hamiltonian is crucial. In essence whenever such a projection operator can be written as the sum of projection operators onto particular subspaces, cross-product terms may appear in the zeroth-order Hamiltonian that spoil the size consistency. This problem may be solved using a separate projection operator for each subspace spanning an excitation level. In principle a zeroth-order Hamiltonian based on these projection operators results in a size consistent perturbation theory. However, it was found that some non-local spin recoupling e€ ects remain. A new zeroth-order Hamiltonian formulated recently circumvents this problem and is shown to be exactly size consistent. Apart from the choice of projection operators, the orthogonalization of the excited states is crucial also. It was found that modi® ed Gramm± Schmidt in quadruple precision was not su cient. A pivotted Householder QR factorization (in double precision) o€ ered the numerical stability needed to obtain size consistent results.


Because there are special micro gravity environments in the space and the barycenter of the satellite main body isn't fixed, the Newton Euler method to calculate the joint torque proposed by Luh's group and the conventional control strategy for the ground fixed robots can't be directly applied to free flying space robots(FFSR). First, the velocity and acceleration for FFSR are analyzed, and the recursive formula for calculating the velocity and acceleration of the links of FFSR are established. Then, based on the Newton Euler dynamics method for the ground fixed robots proposed by Luh et al , a recursive algorithm of joint driving torque for FFSR is developed. Finally, the computer simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed joint torque algorithm.


A preliminary review of some of the practical applications of the use of fluorescein in arteriography is presented. Details are given of its use for the accurate timing of limb arteriograms and for the location of intra-arterial catheters.


Abstract Let A be a right coherent associative ring with unit. We introduce the notion of coendofinite complex and we associate to such a complex a t-structure in D b (mod A). We give conditions for the heart of that t-structure to be a module category. We also give some applications in connection with derived equivalent rings and tilting theory. In particular for a tilting module over a finite dimensional k-algebra, we get a reformulation of Brenner-Butler's theorem in terms of t-structures.


We define a naive game for cut-free multiplicative additive l n ar logic with constants (but without variables). In this game t wo players fight for proving a formula respectively its linear negation. If the f ormula has a proof, the player has a winning strategy. A position in our game roug hly consists of a single set of formulas arranged by the two players in two "ort h gonal" families of sequents. An "active" move in our game closely correspond s to the application of an introduction rule for a positive formula, while a "pass ive" move "requests" from the other player the application of such a rule. We upgra de our game as a categorical game, which is the game-theoretic way to accoun t f r the cut-rule.


Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Patients with neuromuscular diseases such as cerebral palsy often deal with foot and ankle deformity or dysfunction. These same patients are also living longer due to advances in medicine. This creates a significant population of patients that could benefit from corrective surgery. However, some surgeons are hesitant to offer surgery due to concern for complications. There is little in the literature to describe outcomes for foot and ankle surgery in this patient population. This study will provide information regarding complications associated with foot and ankle surgery in patients with neuromuscular disease. The primary study outcome was to describe the overall complication rates associated with foot and ankle surgery in patients with neuromuscular disease. Methods: The charts of neuromuscular patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery by the senior author from March 2010 to March 2020 were reviewed. Charts were analyzed for demographic data, medical history and diagnoses, and surgical treatment information. Index procedures were evaluated for any complications. For the purpose of our study, we identify an index procedure as the first surgical episode on a given extremity for a unique foot and ankle pathology. Charts were then analyzed for the presence or absence of a postoperative complication. We defined complication as the post-operative occurrence of wound dehiscence, superficial or deep infection, nonunion or delayed union, or a post-operative medical complication. Results: 46 patients with 57 extremities, and 66 index surgeries were identified. 20% of the index surgeries (13 of 66) had one or more complications. Patients ranged in age from 12 to 70 year of age with a mean of 33.8 years. Females comprised 61% of the patient cohort. CP was the most common neuromuscular diagnosis at 52% (24 of 46 patients). The number of procedures performed during a patient's index surgery ranged from 1 to 15 (mean: 3.4). Achilles lengthening was the most common procedure, performed in 44% of patients. A summary of complications can be seen in the attached table, along with patient demographic data. Conclusion: We identified an overall complication rate of 20%, with 12% wound complication rate and 7% nonunion rate. These rates were similar to previous literature on elective foot and ankle surgery. Our infection rate of 9% is higher than previously reported in the general foot and ankle literature. Of note, 31% of the total complications were in patients with spina bifida even though they made up just 9% of the population. We conclude that foot care of adult patients with neuromuscular disease s should be aware of the unique surgical challenges that this population faces.


In this paper, the radiation performance of a small printedmicro strip antennadesigned on glass epoxy FR4 substrate discussed. The proposed antenna is capable to cover Wi MAX, Wi Fi, WBAN and Bluetooth operations and UWB applications. The Simulated results for various parameters like radiation patterns, total field gain, return loss, VSWR, radiation efficiency etc. are also calculated with high frequency structure simulator HFSS. Its simulate results display impedance bandwidth from 3.04 GHz to 10.96GHz the antenna complies with the return loss of S11 less then -10db and VSWR < 2 throughout the impedance bandwidth.


Informed by Germain's long-standing research into the treatment of street children of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, this project has brought together a wealth of material as a collection, documenting the lives of some of the most marginalised people in the world.


With the increased simulation applications for assessing daylighting environment in buildings, a diversity of possibility exists for optimizing the performance of buildings. This study focuses on daylight performance assessments in adjoining spaces with different proportions to improve daylighting of atrium buildings. We investigates daylight metrics of central atrium type with monitor skylight. Climate-Based Daylight Modeling (CBDM) is applied as the assessment strategy and Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Solar Exposure (ASE) of LEED v.4(2013) are adopted as the dynamic daylight metrics to compare the results. The DIVA plug-in for Rhinoceros/Grasshopper as the parametric design tool is used for validation to effectively calculate daylight metrics using the Radiance/Daysim engine. In terms of the Well Index, Clearstory Height, Ceiling Height and Well Surface Reflectance, the variations of daylight level in the adjoining rooms have been analysed and some design strategies for supporting preliminary design decisions are presented. It is found that the optimized result of clerestory height for providing the surfficient daylighting in the atrium adjacent spaces is 3.66M.


Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of using on‐board imager (OBI) cone‐beam computed tomography(CBCT) scans for stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) planning and dose verification. Method and Materials: The simulation CT scan and OBI CBCT scan of a Rando head phantom were imported into a commercial SRStreatment planning system, BRW‐coordinate localized and co‐registered. A simulated clinical target volume (CTV), planning target volume (PTV) and critical organs were contoured on the simulation CT scan and transferred to the CBCT scan. A SRS treatment plan with 10 static conformal fields was created using the simulation CT volume. Beam parameters of this CT plan were also imported into a second treatment plan using the CBCT volume. Dose volume histogram (DVH), mean dose, monitor unit (MU), and equivalent depth of the CBCT plan were compared with those of the CT plan, with and without the inhomogeneity correction. Results: The DVH of CTV, PTV and critical organs for these two plans were indistinguishable without inhomogeneity correction. The MU and equivalent depth of the CBCT plan were on average 0.2 % (standard deviation (SD)=0.4%) higher and 0.3% (SD=1.3%) lower, respectively, than the CT plan. Although the DVH of these two plans were comparable with inhomogeneity correction, significant discrepancy was observed for the MU (mean=1.4% and SD=1.3%) and equivalent depth (mean=5.3% and SD=3.9%) due to the lower Hounsfield numbers of the CBCT scan. However, when the CT plan was applied to the CBCT volume, mean doses to PTV and critical organs were only slightly (1.2% and on average 1.0% with SD=3.2%, respectively) higher than those of the CT plan. Conclusion: The OBI CBCT scans can be used for SRS planning and dose verification. More accurate Hounsfield number calibration is needed for inhomogeneity correction.


In order to coordinate the strategy of West China Development,3GWof hydropower will be exploited in the western part of Hunan province between the Tenth and Twelfth Five-year Plan period,and a majority of water power will be delivered from the western to the eastern part of Hunan.It's feasible that hydropower be transmitted with500kV and220kV voltage,and it's necessary to ensure the power network security and stability with500kV/220kV high/low voltage electromagnetic ring networks.The frame structure of the western power network of Hunan and its links to Hunan main power system will be enhanced through Huaihua500kV substation and500kV/220kV lines building.


The invention relates to a cold hot water oven, which comprises a fagot furnace and a coal furnace, with a secondary air feeding channel arranged around the furnaces. The fagot furnace contains a left heat absorber whose chamber is communicated with a thermal-insulated water tank via tube. The invention uses first-gasify and secondary wind feeding structures to completely burn fagot to improve thermal efficiency and reduce pollution. And the invention can use fagot and coal as fuels, with left-heat recycle structure to supply heat to cook and hot water.


the parameters X, p are replaced by a, f3, the resulting system will be denoted by (1; a, ,B). The present paper will present a study of the algebraic integrals of the system (1; X, 1). The equations (1; X, 1) are, excepting for a change of variables, those of the motion of a solid about a fix point, in a uniform field of force, when the ellipsoid of inertia relative to the fix point is of revolution and the baricenter of the solid belongs to the equatorial plane of the same ellipsoid. Theorems 3 and 4 are original. The demonstration of Theorem 3, presented by R. Liouville [1],1 accepted by P. Burgatti [2], is incomplete. In fact, it is implicitly admitted that one of the polynomials belonging to the rational integral possesses terms independent of yI, Y2, y3. The method of demonstration of Theorem 4 was inspired from a paper of Husson [3 1. For the sake of simplicity of nomenclature x will be used instead of (X1, X2, X3) and y instead of (yI, Y2, y3) wherever possible. Let us, "ab initio," make the following two observations about the system (1;X, 1): (a) The differential equations (1; X, 1) partake of the following particular property of homogeneity: they are not altered when the x variables are multiplied by a constant k, the y variables by k2; and t, by k-1.


The automotive industry influences the entire U.S. economy. This huge industrial structure directly affects over four million jobs in the United States. In terms of foreign trade in 1985, the United States exported approximately $6 billion worth of new passenger cars to foreign nations; 96 percent of those automobiles went to Canada. This is an illustration of the U.S. automotive industry's direct interest in the U.S.-Canadian trading relationship, and the desire to obtain the potential benefits of a "broadened trading relationship" between the two countries. 3 Presently, the United States and Canada have a unique dutyfree automotive trading arrangement which is distinguishable from those of other automotive trading nations. The agreement was established by the United States-Canadian Agreement Concerning Automotive Products of 1965 (Auto Pact);' The fundamental principle of free trade mandates the removal of trade barriers, such as import duties. 6 Free trade between two trading countries enhances the general welfare of a nation's economy by allowing greater exchange and production gains within the respective countries. 6


PURPOSE: A disk recorder is disclosed which determines the number of division of one frame of data by using a RAID controller. CONSTITUTION: The disk recorder (2) is provided with a RAID controller which divides one frame of source video data into a plurality of sub-blocks and, at the same time, generates parity data correlated with the sub-blocks and a CPU block which controls the RAID of the RAID controller for generating the sub-blocks from one frame. The CPU block generates a block map for theoretically formatting the recording position of each sub-block so that the recording which is performed for recording each sub-block and the reproduction which is performed for reproducing each sub-block can be performed always in a given period of time, and determines on the basis of the block map the number of division of one frame of data so that the size of each sub-block generated by means of the RAID controller can become equal to the size designated on the block map.


Background: Research developed a theoretical model of the Fendona 30 EC Curtain based on intervention. The model was developed to enhance understanding of the community's abundance control program. The model analyzes of the variables historical and knowledge of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), the perception of mosquito disorders, the use of mosquito control and medication, the perception of abundance of mosquitoes, the motivation to use curtains, the expected benefits of curtains, the prospects and recommendations of curtains as a mosquito control device. Methodes: White curtain fabric for window curtain and inter-room bulkhead, black curtain fabric for jar cover, jar filled with plain water, 20cm high, 20cm in diameter, Fendona 30 EC and clean water. Research uses quasi-experimental design and correlational research surveys. Research data obtained through questionnaires, tests, and check-lists. Research data were analyzed using Regression Path Analysis. Results: Mosquito control programs in the community are difficult issues. The curtain is soaked for 24 hours in a liquid of Fendona 30 EC + water in a ratio of 1: 1; The curtains are dried in a shaded environment for 24 hours, or until the curtains are completely dry. In-room experimental results show Fendona 30 EC Curtain effectively prevents mosquitoes from entering the room and kills mosquitoes in the room understand. The Fendona 30 EC curtain, although effective, does not shift the popularity of the mosquito repellent lotion, mosquito spray and mosquito coil. Conclussion: The history of DHF only predicts the perception of mosquito disorders. The perception of a decrease in mosquito abundance can only be predicted from the use of mosquito controls and medicines. Motivation of the use of curtains only predicts the expected benefits of curtains.


The introduction of the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil as a standard-dose drug has resulted in a reduced risk of rejection after renal transplantation and improved graft survival compared to azathioprine. The favorable balance between efficacy and safety has made mycophenolate mofetil a cornerstone immunosuppressive drug, and the vast majority of newly transplanted patients are now started on mycophenolate mofetil therapy. Despite the obvious success of mycophenolate mofetil as a standard-dose drug, there is reason to believe that the "one size fits all" approach is not optimal. Recent studies have shown that the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid are influenced by patient characteristics such as gender, time after transplantation, serum albumin concentration, renal function, co-medication, and pharmacogenetic factors. As a result, with standard-dose therapy there is wide between-patient variability in exposure of mycophenolic acid. This variability is of clinical relevance because it has repeatedly been shown that exposure to the active metabolite mycophenolic acid is correlated with the risk of developing acute rejection. Especially with the increasing popularity of immunosuppressive regimens in which the concomitant immunosuppression is reduced or eliminated, ensuring an appropriate level of immunosuppression afforded by mycophenolic acid is of utmost importance. By introducing therapeutic drug monitoring, mycophenolic acid exposure can be targeted to the widely accepted therapeutic window (mycophenolic acid AUC 0-12 between 30 and 60 mg·h/l). Three prospective randomized studies comparing concentration-controlled mycophenolate mofetil therapy to a fixed-dose regimen will further clarify the role of therapeutic drug monitoring in increasing the therapeutic potential of mycophenolate mofetil. (Trends in Transplant 2007;1:24-34)


There are always at least two stories that emerge when students on a course are split into separate ethnic groups. This is the story of the Maori women academics who taught and tutored Maori, Pacific Islands and Asian women in a university course exploring feminism and matauranga wahine (women's knowledge) (see Jones, this issue). They tell of their own experiences and also what they saw happening to students who were facilitated in exploring their own cultural stories before encountering white feminism. They also talk of their experience of teaching non-Maori students.


Cluster statistical analysis was utilized to deal with the 389 copies of the data,and typical characteristic indices of the satisfaction of the students in the students in Traditional Chinese Medicine with their study and living condition.The results reveal:motivity from economy could be one of the exterior indices;focusing of their attention and the intent of their thinking could be the interior indices.To heighten the satisfaction with the study exteriorly,education must pay sttention to the economic value of start-up of study;at the same time,training of capability of focusing of attention and the intent of thinking can strengthen the satisfaction with the study interiorly.Conclusion of this study could provide a basis for the validity of the education of the students in Traditional Chinese Medicine,which will help to gain relative achievements through elevate the level of students' learning efficiency.


BEING OF GREEK DESCENT, I take pride in analyzing the origin of many terms in pharmacy and medicine. Pharmacodynamics is a composite of two Greek words: "pharmaco, " meaning drug and "dynamis," meaning power; 1 in this case, power is the ability or capacity to bring about a particular result. In simple terms, pharmacodynamics implies what the drug does to the body. This contrasts with pharmacokinetics, which involves the study of what the body does to the drug. In scientific terms, pharmacodynamics is the measurement of pharmacological, therapeutic, and toxic effects of drugs in the body. This ideally involves understanding the mechanism of a drug's action and its structure-activity relationships, as well as the relationship between response and dose or plasma concentration.'


Period: 1962–1967. At infancy, SIN struggles. When Fouce Sr., suddenly dies, Azcárraga names Anselmo as SIN's head. Frank Fouce Jr. inherits part ownership, but he opposes Anselmo's appointment. Azcárraga, though, is firm on backing Anselmo. Fouce Jr. withdraws from SIN's affairs. Anselmo triumphs with the launch of KMEX in Los Angeles.
At SIN's San Antonio hub, Nicolás perfects a "bicycle network" that feeds SIN to its first stations along the Mexican border. Danny Villanueva, a charismatic star NFL player, joins KMEX, giving SIN credibility. However, lacking Spanish-language audience ratings, Anselmo fails to solicit sponsors. He cannot pay fees SIN owes Telesistema. SIN is in debt and near bankruptcy. In Mexico City, Azcárraga's son, Emilio Azcárraga Milmo, campaigns for the termination of SIN. The Telesistema board concurs that the U.S. venture must cease. But SIN is saved when the elder Azcárraga secrets a scheme by which his personal funds pay SIN's expenses.


The purpose of this study is to give us a detailed comparison between the two methods of maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic systems: Perturb and Observe (PO) and fuzzy logic (FL). This occurred under different conditions of irradiation. Simulation results has indicated that the proposed fuzzy logic controller (FLC) could provides faster and stable tracking maximum power and much better behavior than (PO) methods.


It has been shown previously that two different configurations of three transducers each can be used to estimate the angle to an object with the same accuracy. The configurations are: 1) one projector and two receivers, and 2) two projectors (transmitting orthogonal waveforms) and one receiver. The second configuration is desirable in the case where the receiver is complex. This communication demonstrates that the results obtained previously can be extended to the case of four transducers. That is, the three possible combinations of four transducers, namely: 1) three receivers, one projector, 2) two receivers, two projectors, and 3) one receiver, three projectors, can be made to have identical performance in terms of angle estimation. It is well known that an array of three receivers can be used to steer a null in the direction of an interfering object, thus allowing the angle of an object of interest to be estimated. The fact that the three configurations treated herein are equivalent means that one can, for example, form a null in the direction of an interfering object using only one receiver and three projectors.


Received 07/04/2021 The energy loss straggling is obtained from an exact quantum mechanical evaluation, which takes into account the degeneracy of the target plasma, and later it is compared with common classical and degeneracy approximation as a function of incident Homo (H-H, He-He) and Hetero (He-H) di-cluster energy in Kev with different kinds of plasma target. For homonuclear di-clusters (H-H) and (He-He) decreasing temperature, the exact calculation approaches the high degeneracy limit, but the differences are still significant. However, as the temperature rises, the exact result approaches the classical limit. Finally, the energy loss straggling increases with the increasing atomic number of the projectiles (He-He). Our research focuses on targets in the weakly coupled electron gas limit, where we can use the random phase approximation (RPA). This kind of plasma has not been widely researched, considering the fact that it is essential for inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Accepted 26/05/2021


Efficiency and road maintenance activities automation possibility (pothole backfilling and bumps leveling) depend on efficacy of disruption volume approximation models. This paper presents a low cost road disruption volume estimation approach as an alternative to existing costly methods (water displacement and computer vision). The proposed method collects data using an array of ultrasonic sensors, applies Chebyshev nodes and Lagrange interpolation to build disruption functions then uses average approximation to slice the disruption and compute its volume. The proposed model is able to suitably estimate placements of n sensors and compute resulted polynomial functions for each measurement at cost of $\Theta(\mathbf{n2})$. Twelve potholes and bumps were sampled and captured using ten ultrasonic sensors for test. The method sliced and estimated their volumes with a very high accuracy and precision. Hence, the proposed method is low cost financially and computationally but also practical for both paved and unpaved roads.


Control chart is one of the most commonly used statistical tools for quality control and improvement. If the process mean and standard deviation are not given or unknown, most Shewhart control charts require sufficient sample data before the control chart can be established. However, in certain industries or processes, it may not be practical to collect adequate amount of data at the beginning of the manufacturing process to build the trial control chart in Phase I. For quality improvement in such or similar processes, some authors developed self-starting control charts for short-run production, e.g. t chart, Q chart, EWMA t chart/Q chart, CUSUM t chart/Q chart. This thesis studies the performance of some short run control charts for monitoring process variances. Numerical simulations are using in this study. The results of the numerical experiments are extensively tested for different combinations of process lengths and starting points of process shifts.


Importance: Elucidation of the cellular makeup of the middle turbinate provides a foundation for future studies of pathogenesis of sinonasal disease. Neural progenitors and pluripotent basal cells found in middle turbinate mucosa potentially can be used to develop cellular models to study brain disorders or in regenerative medicine to substitute neuronal tissues. Objective: Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of middle turbinate mucosa was performed to create the first single cell transcriptome catalog of this part of the human body. Design: Samples were obtained from the head of the middle turbinate from healthy volunteers. After the specimen was prepared per lab protocol, cells were dissociated, suspended, and counted. Single cell libraries were then prepared according to the 10x Genomics protocol and sequenced using NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina). Sequencing data were processed using Cell Ranger, and clustering and gene expression analysis was performed using Seurat. Cell types were annotated using known markers and data from other single cell studies.


The mid-mountain areas of Andalusia, in particular those which have a good connection to high-populated urban zones, have experienced significant transformations in recent years regarding land uses and production model. The crisis of rural land and farming and livestock systems was a challenge to the survival of these spaces, which were gradually incorporated to the tertiary production processes spread from urban centers as an alternative


ABSTRACT As online reviews, ratings, and helpful votes in e-commerce platforms become industry-centric, this study examines how virtual badges affect the online behavior of reviewers and readers based on status-seeking theory in an online environment. This study finds that online readers prefer reviews with low ratings to those with high ratings; however, reviewers with high-level badges tend to post moderate ratings and avoid extreme ratings. Casting doubt on the efficiency of current online incentive systems, user-generated content websites may establish a qualitative index to measure the quality of customer reviews from a long-term perspective to encourage reviewers to continue creating high-quality contents.


Cyclocondensation between 4,4`-bis(4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl)biphenyl and catechol, with subsequent chromatographic separation of the reaction products, led to the isolation of four novel ether-sulfone macrocycles (cyclic dimer, -trimer, -tetramer and -pentamer). Similarly, cyclocondensation of catechol with a novel seven-ring diketone/disulfone monomer allowed the isolation of the two new aromatic ether-ketone-sulfone macrocycles, a cyclic monomer and a cyclic dimer. Transannular shielding and deshielding effects in the cyclic monomer produce substantial chemical shift differences for chemically equivalent protons in the 1H NMR spectra of the cyclic monomer and -dimer. Fluoride-initiated ring-opening polymerization of the ether-sulfone cyclic trimer affords a novel, high-molecular weight poly(ether-sulfone).


Original Research Article This study was conducted in College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology to evaluate the sensory evaluations of camel meat and beef obtained from young male animals. The meat samples purchased from Khartoum local abattoir. The samples were tasted by 20 semi-trained taste panel as described by Cross et al. (1978). The present study showed that the treatments not differ significantly (P> 0.05) in the sensory parameters measured (color, tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall acceptance) and all scores obtained were above moderately desirable. The result showed that the Panelist scores for color were not significant (P>0.05) between the two types of meat. The result indicated that the color was acceptable to panelists. In this Study the Panelist's scores for tenderness were lower for camel meat compared to that in beef. The results showed that the Panelist's scores for juiciness were higher for camel meat compared to that in beef but there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the two types of meat in juiciness. Also the result of this study showed that camel meat and beef were desirable to the Panelist. This result indicated that camel meat resembled beef in taste, appearance and palatability. General consumers' view is that camel meat is unacceptably tough, but in fact meat from young camels has been reported to be comparable in taste and texture to beef. The result was showed that camel meat was palatable and desirable to panelists. The panelists could not detect any significant difference (p > 0.05) of the camel meat or cattle meat in (appearance, color, flavor, juiciness and overall acceptability).


We have recently developed a new classification of the amino acid side chains based on doublet acceptor energy levels (DALs). These energy levels, taken as the eigenvalue of the highest occupied molecular orbital in the radical anion, provide insight into the shape of the tunneling barrier in protein electron transfer. We have used this classification to characterize several transfer pathways in myoglobin. We present here a study of the effect of changes in geometry on the doublet acceptor levels. We find that, in general, this influence is rather small for reasonable changes in bond lengths and angles (e.g., those resulting from thermal fluctuations in the protein structure). However, we have found that for serine, threonine and water, changes in geometry that might take place as a result of fluctuations in hydrogen bond geometries lead to rather large changes in DAL. We investigate these correlations in some detail. The relation between protein fluctuations and changes in the shape of the electron tunneling barrier is discussed. Additionally, based on the energetics of changes in the OH bond distance, we discuss aspects of the relation between electron transfer and proton transfer.


The generation of accurate pavement performance models is one the most difficult and sensitive activities in the generation and on-going maintenance of a pavement management system (PMS). Many agencies have difficulty creating accurate prediction models because of the lack of accurate historical pavement performance data, traffic data and construction and maintenance history. Further, using historical pavement performance data may not accurately reflect the future performance of a pavement constructed using new and improved materials, construction techniques and variations in the type and composition of future traffic. The analysis techniques used in the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (M-E PDG) provides the pavement management engineer with a tool to 'predict' the future performance of almost any pavement section given information on pavement materials, subgrade, future traffic and the environment in which it will be in service. Given a typical pavement section and key input parameters, the M-E PDG can generate expected pavement performance along with the probabilistic parameters. A key limitation to the use of the models in M-E PDG is the agency validation and calibration of the national pavement deterioration models that are included as defaults with the software. In other words, an agency using the M-E PDG for future pavement performance prediction modelling must first ensure that the default models accurately reflect the practices and experience of the agency before using them to predict future pavement performance. It is then possible to use simple techniques to adjust the pavement performance deterioration path based on historic models, expected activity service lives, field performance data, and engineering judgement. This provides a robust and defendable PMS model that meets the expectations of any agency. This technique can be used by any size agency to calculate practical deterministic or probabilistic performance models.


AIM
To assess the suitability of several 3D-printed resins for the manufacturing of tooth replicas for endodontic training in comparison with commercially available replicas by analysing the properties of the materials and comparing them with real teeth during endodontic training.

METHODOLOGY
Tooth replicas were 3D printed using four resins (NextDent Model, NextDent C&B, V-Print ee, Vero White Plus) and compared with two commercially available products (VDW, Smile Factory) as well as extracted human teeth. Martens hardness, intendation modulus and radiopacity were investigated on these tooth replicas. Experienced dentists evaluated the suitability of the replicas for endodontic training by comparing them with real teeth in terms of appearance, anatomy, radiopacity, similarity to dentine during access opening, canal gauging and canal instrumentation. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney-U-test.

RESULTS
The highest hardness values were recorded for human dentine (p<0.001), followed by V-Print ee and the commercial tooth replica of Smile Factory. The greatest radiopacity was associated with VOC and dentine (p<0.001) in comparison to the other materials tested. The appearance of the in-house printed tooth replicas was subjectively evaluated by the dentists as being more realistic than the commercially available products. No differences between the replicas could be detected regarding mechanical instrumentation of the root canals.

CONCLUSION
None of the tooth replicas were able to simulate human dentine from the perspectives evaluated. V-Print ee had radiopacity comparable with dentine, but its hardness was not comparable with dentine.


The authors propose a design method based on the theory of the limit equilibrium of a cohesive medium, which gives a value of the limit pressure with a deviation of 6%. (TRRL)


The attempt that finished with the life of the president of the Council of Ministers, Juan Prim y Prats (1814-1870), continues being a mystery. The identity and the modus operandi of those who organized, financed and instigated the crime are still under discussion. This work is focus on the analysis of the press of the moment of the crime with the aim of analysing the known details moments just after the attempt occurred and how this information was transmitted to the Spanish society.


Aim. To study the rheological properties of blood and platelet hemostasis in children with inflammatory bowel diseases before and after a course of hyperbaric oxygenation Materials and methods. Aggregation and deformability of erythrocytes, activation and aggregation of platelets were studied in 16 patients with Crohn's disease and 11 patients with ulcerative colitis age from 6 to 17 years. Similar indicators were studied after a course of hyperbaric oxygenation, carried out in a single-seat air-oxygen pressure chamber "BaroOx 1.0". The course consisted of 5-8 daily sessions in the 1.3-1.4 ata during 40 minutes. Results. In pediatric patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis a significant violation of the rheological and hemostasiological properties of blood was revealed. After a course of hyperbaric oxygenation a significant decrease in the aggregation of erythrocytes, an increase in their deformability, and a decrease in the functional activity of platelets were noted. Conclusion. The use of hyperbaric oxygenation in children with inflammatory bowel diseases contributes to a significant correction of the rheological and hemostasiological properties of blood.


The most diverse group of animals in the greater Melbourne region is the invertebrates. They are essential in maintaining many ecological functions in the varied environments across the area. Yet we lack basic information on the identity, distribution and biology for most species. Historical information and collections are important in understanding the fauna of Melbourne, but the environment is always changing and the different species of invertebrates can adapt to these changes. This has resulted in a Melbourne invertebrate fauna comprising native species that have always resided in the region, and invertebrates that have been introduced since European settlement either from overseas or from other parts of Australia. Despite the lack of information about the fauna at the time of European settlement, invertebrates are still a rich resource for studying and understanding the nature of Melbourne. (The Victorian Naturalist 128 (5) 2011, 201-208).


This paper considers modal split in daily travel when there is a railroad parallel to a bottleneck-constrained road between home and a workplace. We examine the optimality and efficiency of different railroad fare and road toll (RFRT) schemes with the boundedly rational mode choice behavior of travelers. Under such behavior, commuters do not necessarily choose the mode of which the travel cost is absolutely lower than the mode of the other. A general definition of boundedly rational bi-modal equilibrium (BRBE) is presented. As the BRBE solution is not unique, the best-, worst- and average-case total travel costs under BRBE for a given RFRT scheme are proposed. The performance of each RFRT policy under different traveler levels of BR in mode choice behavior is also examined. The numerical results illustrate that system travel costs may be uncertain within the BRBE set, and the proposed RFRT schemes are able to address uncertainty due to the non-unique BRBE solution.


This paper is purposed to explain the use of Writing Summary as an alternative strategy to comprehend the text in teaching reading. Some researchers have applied writing the summary strategy to increase students' reading comprehension. Based on the results of those researches, showed that writing summary could effectively encourage students in comprehending the text well. Writing summary can help students enhance understanding of what is read. The strategy requires that students rewrite or outline only the important parts of the passage. Writing summary encourages students look for the most important parts and determine what parts of a passage are less important and what should be ignore. By using this strategy, the students need to read the whole text in order to make a summary using their own words. So, by writing summary based on what they read, they can comprehend a passage.


Gold West Country Southwest Montana, including the cities of Butte and Helena. Russell Country Named for famed western artist Charles M. Russell, north central Montana including the cities of Great Falls and Lewistown. Yellowstone Country South central Montana, the gateway to Yellowstone National Park, including the cities of Bozeman and Red Lodge. Missouri River Country The far northeast Montana, including Glasgow. Most visitors follow the crowds to parks and beaches, which are capped off with informal BBQs. Independence Day Also known as the Fourth of July, Independence Day celebrates the US's break from the British during the 18th century. Barbecues, street parties, beach trips, and weekend getaways are commonplace to appreciate freedom. North America > United States of America > Rocky Mountains (United States of America) > Montana > Gold West Country. Gold West Country.


The development of the "modified" 4-rod RFQ linac system has been completed and a series of beam acceleration experiments demonstrated the specified performance of the RFQ linac. The RFQ accelerates light and medium ions to MeV energies for irradiation applications. The linac operates in cw mode at 34 MHz, relatively lower resonant frequency compared with most of the existing proton RFQs. The RFQ cavity withstands up to 50 kW cw rf power. He+, N2+, C + and B+ ions were successfully accelerated to their goal energies of 84 keV/u : 0.334 MeV, 1.17 MeV, 1.00 MeV and 0.92 MeV, respectively. The maximum beam currents measured at the RFQ output were 32, 13, 220 and 330 PpA for He+, N2+, C± and B+, respectively with the beam transmission over 80%.


Endometrial cancer is the commonest gynaecological malignancy and accounts for 6% of cancers in women. It can spread through direct extension to the cervix and peritoneal surfaces, through the bloodstream to the lungs, liver, bones, brain and vagina and via lymphatics to the supraclavicular lymph nodes. This case report describes vulval metastasis of endometrial cancer to the clitoris, an occurrence which has not often been documented in the literature and treatment with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Histology also excluded primary vulval carcinoma of the clitoris.


"THIS DAY, BRETHREN, warns me to think more attentively about the burden I carry." (1) It is a safe bet that few homiletics professors would recommend this as an opening line for a homily celebrating the anniversary of one's ordination, and yet, this is precisely how St. Augustine began his preaching one day sometime in the year A.D. 425. Looking back upon his years in ministry, Augustine did not shrink from calling his ministry what it was--a burden. "The very day is a reminder to me to think about this burden; in addition, such a reading as that is chanted (Ez 33) to strike great fear into my heart, and make me think about what I am carrying; because unless the one who placed it on my shoulders carries it with me himself, I am bound to fail." (2) In an age in which homilies too often begin with a joke, Augustine's approach would strike most modern congregations as dour and joyless, which may reveal more about our modern expectations than anything else. Certainly, there is a need for joy and there is even a place for a good sense of humor. Yet at the core of the sacred liturgy, we are about the serious work of worshipping almighty God, which is anything but a trivial pursuit. The good bishop explained the source of his burden. He remind ed the people that "you are only going to render an account for yourselves alone, while I shall be giving one both for myself and for you." (3) While one could carry this thought to an extreme, effectively absolving members of the flock from personal responsibility, it is likely that those in attendance understood perfectly well their bishop's point. There is indeed a weighty duty that accompanies ecclesial ministry and one may rightfully speak of accountability with respect to the actions of the ministers of the Gospel, especially for those called to the episcopacy. In the past decade the Catholic priesthood has felt a crushing burden, a modern day sartina, (4) primarily due to the grievous sins of sexual misconduct by our brothers, and in some cases, the lack of proper ecclesiastical oversight from the episcopacy. To help the Church bear this heavy burden, I propose that she rediscover one of her venerable traditions--praying the penitential psalms. Recovering an Important Spiritual Tradition Praying the penitential psalms is a tradition that was inexplicably discarded following the Second Vatican Council, but it need not be irretrievably lost. Augustine was thoroughly steeped in the psalms and, understandably, passed that knowledge along to his flock. "I nourish you with what nourishes me. ... I offer to you what I live on myself," he once told his congregation. (5) At the same time, Augustine's episcopal duties too often prevented him from pursuing the intellectual life to the degree he desired. Many bishops today would heartily agree with him when he said, "Little force would be needed to make me to lead a life of leisure instead. ... There could be nothing more enjoyable than rummaging around in the divine treasure chest with no one to plague me. ... Preaching, arguing, correcting, building God's house, having to manage for everyone--who would not shrink from such a heavy burden? But the Gospel terrifies me." (6) Augustine was not alone, even if he was rather bold in describing his responsibilities as he did. At the dawn of Vatican II, the Church's liturgy was remarkably candid with respect to the burden of the sacred ministry. In the conclusion of the 1962 ceremony for the conferral of Minor Orders, the Roman Pontificale reveals a striking similarity to the homily referenced above. The closing reads, "Dearly beloved sons, carefully consider the order which you have received today and the burden which has been laid upon your shoulders. Endeavor to live holy lives devoted to religion and to be pleasing to the almighty God, that you may obtain His grace. May He in His mercy deign to bestow it upon you." (7) What happened next in the ceremony for conferral of minor orders might come as a surprise to many young clerics today. …


Many scholars studied disyllabic and polysyllabic words in the ancient Chinese books by qualitative-quantitative method and acquired a large number of dependable data and reliable conclusions.Based on these data and with quantity,frequency,semantic entry and word-formation as the standards of judging monosyllabic words' turning into disyllabic and polysyllabic ones in the development of ancient Chinese,we can find that the number of disyllabic and polysyllabic words in ancient Chinese increased quickly and nearly every word-formation emerged in the later period of ancient Chinese.Thus it is concluded that monosyllabic words' turning into disyllabic and polysyllabic ones had its first rapid increase in ancient Chinese.However,compared with the monosyllabic words,disyllabic and polysyllabic words had a lower frequency of usage and a narrower range of semantic entries.Accordingly,it is concluded that monosyllabic words turned into disyllabic and polysyllabic ones in an unbalanced way.


To oversee a series of incubators in a hospital, we carried out the networking of all its incubators in order to centralise the information and thus facilitate supervision, monitoring and remote control. A graphical interface is being developed to facilitate a dialogue between man and machine. Based on performance tests in our laboratory, the proposed architecture has a good rapport efficiencies and price. This document presents a promising solution for the implementation of a distributed network. The communication protocol used for dialogue between the different elements which are connected has been implemented in the physical layer of the networking level equipment to reduce the load on the CPU.


Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study on antiinflammatory potencies of a new class of 17 β-thiolkyl-16α, 17 α-ketel and acetal androstances is described using molecular redundancy index (MRI), equalised electronegativity (Χ e q ), and the van der Waals volume (V w ). The results have shown that in monoparametric correlation none of these descriptors correlates with the activity; and that statistically significant QSAR models are obtained only in multiparametric correlations as well as upon the introduction of dummy parameters.


The surface photoreactivity of four diazanaphthalenes (phthalazine, cinnoline, quinazoline and quinoxaline) adsorbed on aqueous colloidal silver was studied by following the time evolution of the SERS spectra of their photoproducts with laser irradiation time in a flow cell. All of these molecules were found to photodecompose through the cleavage of NN or N−C bonds of the heterocycle while the benzene ring remained intact. Cinnoline, which adsorbed as a σ-complex "standing up" on the surface, showed very little reactivity. Quinazoline at high surface concentrations was also found to form a σ-complex (likely due to the fact that more adsorbate could be packed in that orientation). It, too, showed essentially no surface photoreactivity. To the contrary, quinazoline at low surface concentrations formed a π-complex, "lying down" on the surface. In this orientation quinazoline photoreacted rapidly. For quinoxaline, two distinct photoprocesses were observed depending on the presence or absence of coadsorbed chl...


There is a tendency within political science to treat political culture like a familiar piece of furniture. Everyone is vaguely aware of its existence, but only rarely do they comment upon it (usually when they bump into it accidentally); and few bother to ask how it came to be there in the first place. Textbooks on British politics typically regard political culture as part of the backdrop, against which the main dramatic activity takes place. Political culture appears as secondary, something which, while enriching our understanding of political life, is not deemed essential to our comprehension of it. The intellectual roots of this attitude can be found in Marxism and functionalism. Both treat culture as subservient to material forces or systemic requirements. Such positions do not necessarily deny all relevance to the ideas and values which constitute political culture, but they do limit severely its role in explaining political activity. And even those who, like Brian Barry, belong to neither methodological camp believe that, compared to political culture, there are usually more parsimonious explanations for political action.' Other thinkers, however, make political culture a core idea. Early in the second volume of Democracy in America, de Tocqueville writes:


Doppler radars find a widespread use in the estimation of the velocity of discrete hard-targets as described elsewhere in this volume. In case of soft-targets — collections of vast numbers of weakly scattering elements filling the radar beam— the emphasis typically shifts to collecting the statistics of random motions of the scattering elements — i.e., Doppler spectral estimation — from which thermal or turbulent state of the target can be inferred, as appropriate. For instance, in case of a plasma in thermal equilibrium, e.g., the quiescent ionosphere, a Doppler radar of sufficient power-aperture-product can detect, in addition to the plasma drift velocities, the densities, temperatures, and even current densities of charged particle populations of the probed plasma — such Doppler radars used in ionospheric research are known as incoherent scatter radars (ISR). In this chapter wewill provide a simplified description of ISR spectral theories (e.g., Kudeki &Milla, 2011) and also discussmagnetoionic propagation effects pertinent to ionospheric applications of ISR's at low latitudes. A second chapter in this volume focusing on in-beam imaging of soft-targets by Hysell & Chau (2012) is pertinent to non-equilibrium plasmas and complements the topics covered in this article.


Decremental responses in repetitive nerve stimulation studies have been reported in the limb muscles of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).


The anharmonicity of weakly bound complexes is studied using the vibrational self-consistent field (VSCF) approach for a series of metal cation dihydrogen (M!H2) complexes. The H–H stretching frequency shifts of M–H2 (M = Li, Na, B, and Al) complexes are calculated with the coupled-cluster method including all single and double excitations with perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) level of theory with the cc-pVTZ basis set. The calculated H–H stretching frequency of Li–H2, B–H2, Na–H2, and Al–H2 is red shifted by 121, 202, 74 and 62 cm, respectively, relative to that of unbound H2. The calculated red shifts and their trends are in good agreement with the available experimental and previously calculated data. Insight into the observed trends is provided by symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT).


Considering the importance of the problem to higher education, and the many hundreds of millions of dollars appropriated by the federal government for the expansion of graduate education over the last few years, it is rather astonishing that we know so little about the present and probable supply and demand of college teachers. The consensus today, as expressed by several federal agencies, the National Education Association, and many college and university presidents and graduate deans, seems to be summed up in the following three propositions: (a) persons trained at the doctoral level are in increasingly short supply; (b) the quality of faculty (as measured by highest degree attained) in the nation's colleges and universities is deteriorating; and (c) the situation will worsen over the coming decade as a consequence of burgeoning undergraduate enrollments. Over the last few years various distinguished educational spokesmen have used such terms as "disastrous shortage," "serious crisis," the nation standing "virtually paralyzed," "frightening figures," and "a major national scandal" to describe the supply of college teachers and have called for "heroic efforts," "crash programs," and new degrees short of the doctorate to stem the tide.


Has public utility deregulation been a success or a failure? The answer to this question depends on whether one approaches it from the perspective of mainstream neoclassical economics or from the perspective of institutional economics. The difference between these approaches relates not only to the identification of problems, such as the exercise of market power or the promotion of societal values, but also to the scope and nature of remedial public policies. Essentially, mainstream neoclassical economics argues that competitive markets will allocate resources efficiently and constrain market power in public utility industries after economic regulation is removed and open access by competitors is assured. Residual evidence of market failure will be minimized and can be readily corrected by the introduction of well-defined property rights and the free exchange of these rights. Market power is typically defined as the ability of the firm to withhold output and raise price above a competitive market price, but neoclassical economics holds that this potential abuse will be rapidly eroded-given the growing availability of information, new technology, and access to superior supply options. Institutional economics focuses on market failure and market power since they are cardinal factors defining a role for government intervention and regulation. Market power is defined as a dynamic process involving the ability to coerce through pricing, market structure, and political strategies. When skillfully applied, each of these strategies will utilize the unique structural characteristics of public utilities as network industries to establish positions of dominance. This deployment of power will affect the institutions of governance and impact the distribution of income.


Recently, the Government of the United Kingdom has generally reviewed about the private security. In the meantime, the private security has been growing in the perspective self-regulating rather than rigid regulation by the government. But some problems(i,e, the decline of qualitative levels and the...


Species composition and abundance of marine organism in the Nakdong River estuary were investigated seasonally from November 2007 to November 2008. During the study period, a total of 169 species, 93 families, and 6 taxa were collected in the study area. Species included were 2 species in Bivalvia, 11 in Cephalopoda, 43 in Crustecea, 8 in Echinodermata, 6 in Gastropoda, and 99 in Pisces. The seasonal dominant species in number of individuals were Acropoma japonicum in autumn, Apogon lineatus in winter, Siphonalia spadicea fuscolineata in spring, and Crangon hakodatei in summer. Dominant species in abundance were Chelidonichthys spinosus in autumn, Liphius litulon in winter and spring, and Raja kenojei in summer. The number of species and their abundance, the species composition, and the diversity indices fluctuated with seasons. The organisms were divided into 17 groups by seasonal variation using a self-organizing map.


In an attempt to bolster public confidence in the accounting profession, the PCAOB issued several standards that were intended to address weaknesses in audit reporting and to increase public confidence in financial reporting.  One of these standards, Auditing Standard No.2, added two opinions on an enterprise's internal control to audit reporting requirements. This Standard was superseded by Auditing Standard No. 5, which eliminated one of these opinions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficacy of the elimination of the auditor's opinion regarding management's assessment of internal control.  The data in this study were taken from 10-K reports filed by Fortune 500 Companies in 2004-2007.  From the 10-K reports, copies of audit reports were gathered for 114 of the 120 largest companies and the opinions (unqualified, qualified, or adverse) were recorded.


This paper demonstrates the outline of the recently published literatures on the field of industrial control and gives an overview about the current trends of control issues in various industrial applications. Controllers can be divided into different categories according to different control algorithms and technologies, which includes PID algorithm, Kalman filter, least squares regression, network-based automation, fuzzy inference systems, neural networks, radial basis function networks and sliding-mode control and so on. A brief introduction will be given for every paper related to these control technologies and applications.


The timing of meiosis and the segregation of tritium-labeled chromosomes has been studied in Ornithogalum virens. Tritiated thymidine was administered to the inflorescences by a wick feeding proces...


IT IS BY NO MEANS CLEAR that Robert Aumann's Theorem on the equality of the core and the set of equilibria in atomless markets [1] applies to economies with infinitely many commodities. The existence of infinitely many commodities makes it possible for there to be an enormous variation in the characteristics of the agents in an economy. If these characteristics were sufficiently dispersed, it could be very hard to find a non-null set of agents with interests sufficiently similar or compatible to make it possible to form a blocking coalition. Thus, blocking coalitions could be so rare that almost all feasible allocations would be in the core. We show that suitable restrictions remove this difficulty and that Aumann's Theorem can be made to apply to economies whose commodity space is . (M, . p), the set of essentially bounded measurable functions on the measure space (M, ,//, pe). Our key restrictions are measurability assumptions about the maps defining agents' characteristics. Another way to restrict an economy in order to avoid the difficulty we have mentioned is to restrict the size of the commodity space. Jean Gabsewicz has shown that under very general assumptions, Aumann's Theorem applies to economies whose commodity space is C(S), the set of continuous functions on a compact metric space [6, (Chapter 5)]. The key property possessed by this space, from the point of view of size, is topological separability. A justification and explanation of the use of 9cO as a commodity space and of many of our assumptions may be found in [3]. In particular, we defend there the use of the Mackey topology for the duality (i2.c, 56). In Section 4 of this paper, we check that our model is internally consistent by proving that under certain acceptable assumptions, equilibria are measurable in the sense that we require of core allocations. Though consistent, our theory may be nearly empty, for only in a very special case have atomless markets with infinitely many commodities been shown to have equilibria [2, (Chapter 5)]. Jean-Francois Mertens has independently obtained results similar to our own.


The pulse distribution network is one of the important components of the satellite navigation time-frequency system,the main task is to set up synchronized pulse distribution network of high-precision based on time-frequency reference,in order to provide uniformly synchronized timing signals for joint-test of navigation equipments,and to insure the sequential consistency of the equipments.For some ways as the pulse signal's rise-up time and time-delay consistency the pulse distribution technology is studied,Two pulse distribution methods is designed,compared,and analyzed.It provides the references for time-frequency designs.


A technique has been developed for interpolating the experimentally obtained scattered data using radial basis functions, which can be used to study the constraints of kinematic, power, energy, economic and other parameters in construction, road and hoisting-and-transport machines, as well as their working patterns. The technique consisting of two computational steps arranged as two separate algorithms allows the design and machine working process parameters to be optimised. The technique can be used for the range of machine parameters with an arbitrarily large dimensionality. For the first time, detailed block diagrams of algorithms are presented for interpolating scattered data using radial basis functions. At the first stage, the weighting factor determination is performed for the radial basis function method in each experimental point of scattered data. The second stage involves the actual interpolation or extrapolation of the function value at a given point with arbitrary coordinates. The developed methodology allows rigid interpolation of scattered data, such as the field experiment values of various working parameters for the construction, road, hoisting-and-transport machines and their design parameters. The data space dimensionality for the experimental points is unlimited and can be arbitrarily large.