This article presents a basic review of taxonomy from the viewpoint of its growing importance for information professionals. It traces the practice and definition of taxonomy back to the 19th century to show the way in which the field has evolved into a systematic means for the organization of knowledge and the provision of a hierarchical structure of concepts by means of terms that assist in the development of a common language for knowledge sharing. It shows how interest in taxonomy has been boosted in recent years by two factors connected with the development of the World Wide Web: the need to improve the way in which knowledge sharing can be improved through its classification and retrieval; and the way in which taxonomies play a vital role in the working of the so-called 'semantic web'. The article notes that taxonomies can help to avoid the problems created by similar sounding words or words with multiple meanings, and can help to give web resources a more professional, organized look, and improve site navigation. A basic guide is provided for implementing taxonomies by covering some of the basic issues involved, including: the software needed to get started; coordination of work through colleagues; tiers and testing; and implementing the finished taxonomy.


Abstract This study has two main objectives: first, it assesses the effect of outbreak pandemic diseases on the French firms' stock returns by considering the sector of activity as the main center of analysis. Second, it investigates the role of the crisis management system, firm debt strategy, and monetary policy in dealing with the adverse shocks of the major outbreak of the COVID-19. The study results can be summarized as follows: (1) the daily growth in COVID-19 cases and deaths are associated with lower stock returns of the listed firms, especially for the firms operating in the energy, industrial and health care sectors. In contrast, telecommunication and consumer sectors are not significantly affected. (2) The pandemic's adverse effect is much more tolerant with the French firms with an efficient crisis management system and low long-term debt commitments than the firms that do not have such a system and engaged with long term debts. (3) Euribor rates and monetary policy are still playing an essential role during the pandemic period.


The architecture material is the precondition that sets up a house.In the construction and consumption of the residence,the using of sustainable building materials directly relates to the efficiency of the resources.The article analyses the content of the sustainable residence,and the requests of the development of the houses,and elaborates the significance of saving ground,energy and environment protection about the sustainable building materials,and puts forward the countermeasures and measures about the application of the custainable building materials.


There has been a surge in recent years in the study of emerging-economy multinational enterprises and their swelling outward foreign direct investment (outward FDI) activities (Mathews 2006; Luo and Tung 2007; Hennart 2012). Most of the research has focused on understanding the internationalisation of emerging-economy multinational enterprises. However, we still know very little about the impact of these companies' outward FDI on the businesses of their host countries (Clegg and Voss 2012). Indeed what emerging-economy multinational enterprises tend to face, particularly when they invest in developed countries, is a combination of the so-called 'liabilities of foreignness and the liabilities of emergingness'. The public tend to be fairly dubious about their investment intentions and impact, as expressed, for example, by the vice-president of the German-British Chamber of Industry and Commerce in a mainstream newspaper:


In recent years there has been increasing use of thin-walled structures with a plate thickness of 6mm-10mm in the construction of cruise ships. As one of the important processes of cruise ship construction, hybrid laser-arc welding, combing the advantages of laser welding and arc welding, is increasingly applied in thin-walled cruise ships with the objective of reducing panel deformation. However, due to the weak stiffness of the thin-walled structure with a continuous weld length of 4m-16m, complex welding deformation, e.g., buckling deformation will be prone to occur. This paper analyzed the deformation behavior of large-scale thin-walled cruise ship structures with the change of weld length, structural width, and plate thickness in hybrid laser-arc welding process. The buckling mode induced by the welding deformation is predicted based on the combination method of thermal elastic-plastic and inherent strain, as well as experimental verification. Comparing the deformation behavior of large thin-walled cruise ship structures, when the continuous weld length exceeds 7.5m during butt welding, the welding deformation mode transitions from bending deformation to buckling deformation. Comparing the buckling behavior of structures with different thicknesses at a length of 15m, a slight buckling occurs with a plate thickness of 10mm, but reducing the plate thickness to 6mm leads to severe buckling deformation with up to 7 half-wavelengths.


In order to investigate the mobile potentiality and the characteristics of heavy metal contamination sources in urban channel sediments,samples were collected from urban channels in residential areas and shopping centers in Nanjing.Speciation of heavy metals was performed by the modified BCR sequential extraction(three-step) procedure,and Pb stable isotope ratios were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry.Results showed that Cd and Zn were predominantly associated with the acid extractable metal fraction,Pb and Cu with the oxidizable metal fraction,and Ni and Cr with residual metal fractions.Cd and Zn had the greatest environmental effects,while Ni and Cr had the smallest.The range was 2.1024-2.1239 for 208Pb/206Pb and 1.1593-1.1845 for 206Pb/207Pb.The ratios of Pb stable isotopes in the residential area and the shopping center were similar and consistent with those in samples from atmosphere and soils in literature in Nanjing,suggesting that they may have similar Pb contamination sources.


The broadband microwave propagating characteristics of a novel, large volume, coaxial gridded hollow cathode helium plasma is reported in this paper. The basic plasma parameters were determined using an Impedans Ltd. Langmuir probe under a variety of conditions. The transmission attenuation was recorded by using Scattering Parameters (S-parameters) of a vector network analyzer with the frequency range from 2 GHz to 18 GHz and a propagation model was established using the Z transform finite-difference time-domain method for simulating the transmission of microwave. The effects of both the gas pressure and the input power on the electromagnetic wave propagation are analyzed. The results showed that the computational and experimental results of transmission attenuation were in good agreements. Moreover, the electron density ne and the effective collision rate νc were found to play important roles in the propagation of microwave.


With the First World War, photography and film, brought about a decisive historical step in terms of visual culture, and they found themselves being put to the test: after being held up at the turn of the century as the visual expression par excellence of modernity, they proved unable to represent the technological hell of modern warfare as it appeared to those fighting it. It is from this premise that the Great War spawned two phenomena that would prove decisive for the optical modernity of the twentieth century: propaganda images and photojournalism.


Interaction of the DNA thymine base with Cu+ and Zn2+ was studied to explore: a) The metal binding energy (MIA) of thymine with Cu+ and Zn2+ and b) The possible correlation between charge transfer and MIAs. The gas-phase Cu+ and Zn2+ a nities of thymine, as well as the Mulliken charges, on the complexed metal cations were both determined at the same computational level, including the density functional level and employing the hybrid B3LYP exchange correlation potential in connection with the 6-311++G (d; p) basis set. All the molecular complexes were obtained by interaction between the most stable tautomer of thymine and two transition mono and divalent (Cu+, Zn2+) metal ions. To probe all possible binding sites, these two cations were placed around the thymine nucleobase and optimized. For both Cu+ and Zn2+, the complexes of thymine with O4 are the most stable structure. For complexes of thymine with mono cations (Li+, Na+, K+ and Cu+) and dications (Mg2+, Ca2+ and Zn2+), the results indicate a linear correlation between the transferred charge and metal binding energy. The results also indicate that the amount of charge transfer and bonding strength are the highest for the transion metal ions Cu+ and Zn2+, respectively.


The change in land use leads to significant changes in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks in the soil and consequently in the global cycle of these elements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate C and N stocks in soils under different management systems in the Paraiban "Sertao".  This study was carried out in the watershed of Val Paraiso stream, State of Paraiba, Brazil. The climate is warm tropical with severe drought, reaching over 35°C in times of higher temperatures. The vegetation is basically composed of Caatinga Hiperxerofila and the predominant soil in this area is classified as Vertisol. The following systems treatments were tested: native vegetation, sparse vegetation, pasture, annual and permanent agriculture. Soil sampling was performed in four respective sites (four profiles). Samples were stratified in four layers: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm. Soil attributes determined and calculated were: bulk density, organic C and N contents, and C and N stocks. The lower values of bulk density were presented in the area of native vegetation and in 0-10 cm soil layer, compared to other management systems and layers. The implementation of agricultural systems in areas that had native vegetation decreased the C and N contents and stocks, in the same way, these values decreased relative soil layers analyzed. The agricultural production and livestock systems are functioning as CO2-C emitter when compared with the native vegetation.

 Key words: Native vegetation, sparse vegetation, pasture, annual agriculture and permanent agriculture.


This document evaluates the need for tritium sampling of the emissions from the 200 East Area Double Shell Tanks based on the requirements of {open_quotes}National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants{close_quotes} (NESHAP). The NESHAP requirements are specified in 40 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR), Part 61, Subpart H; {open_quotes}National Emission Standards for Emissions of Radionuclides Other than Radon from Department of Energy Facilities{close_quotes}.


The research is aim at gathering information on some important variables required for the design of manual tillage tools, Seven (7) physical variable used in functional and ergonomic design of agricultural manual tillage tools ciz: total weight (TW), blade weight (BW), handle length (HL), blade length (BL), handle circumference (HC), blade curvature (BC), and weight of scoped soil (SW) were measured for 119 manual tillage tools used in Sokoto state. The tools were grouped into four (4) categories: Hauya, Kalme, Kwasa and Sungumi, used respectively for primary tillage, secondary tillage, Land preparation, harvesting and planting. Descriptive statistics was used and the values of the means, median, standard error of mean (SED) of all the variables were presented. All 119 manual tillage tools studies were of moderate weight (sungumi, 1.40kg, Kalme, 2.10kg, kwasa, 1.40kg and hauya, 1.90kg),Handle circumference (Sungumi, 39.10cm, Kalme, 44.55cm, kwasa, 40.10cm and hauya, 44.90cm). Handle length (Sungumi, 136.40cm, Kalme, 63.95cm, Kwasa, 65.10cm and hauya, 69.50cm). This can conveniently handle by the average farmers and are equally suitable because they are designed base on how operation is been done, which is either standing (with long handle) or stooped (medium handle). These values are required for redesign or modification of manual tillage tools.


This paper is a presentation of a maximization problem treated by L. V. Kantorovich [Kantorovich, L. V. 1957. On methods of analysis of some extremal problems in planning production. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 115 441-444. (Russian) In translation: Rand Corporation T-86 dated 15 April 1958]. The problem concerns a linear model for industrial production, but the objective is to maximize a non-linear function of the output. Specifically, a certain composition or package of final products is ordered, and the size of this output of predetermined composition is to be as large as possible.


It is proposed that Home Automation systems would be vastly improved by the novel approach of eliminating the permanent central controller as it is the source of significant problems. This leaves the responsibilities of the permanent central controller to be assumed by the remaining devices in the system, including IoT devices and interface devices such as smartphones and computers. While the capacity for joining devices to a network without the permanent central controller has been considered, device discovery has not. This paper examines existing protocols but finds that while many have worthwhile aspects none are suitable for the task. A novel discovery protocol is proposed, using smartphones or computers as intermittent control devices. This new protocol is developed with the aid of a new Robust Network Development Methodology which is able to anticipate problematic use cases prior to implementation. This methodology was very successfully in identifying and eliminating significant problems with the new protocol. Implementation and measurement of the novel discovery protocol demonstrates the viability and robustness of discovery without a permanent central controller on low cost ESP8266 family devices.


TCFL is an art. But the skills of organization and management in the classroom are an extremely important element in this art. Modern concept of education emphasizes the student-centered approach, but the prerequisite is that teachers should be dominant in organization and management. Only when this point is reached can the zeal of the students be better brought into play, and teachers should make the classroom teaching and learning vivid, vigorous and orderly. In this case the optimization of classroom teaching and learning could be fully achieved. The skills of classroom organization and management have been explored in the thesis in terms of the distribution of teaching and learning time, the control of teaching and learning rhythm, the adjustment and construction of classroom atmosphere, the design of teaching and learning procedure , etc .


than forty weeks is to be devoted to a book of 400 pages, two weeks or less must suffice for the content of international law to which the author devotes twenty pages. The average undergraduate, after five recitations on the content of international law would still know nothing about it, and would therefore have no data on which to make inductions as to tho "essential unity" of the state. Nevertheless, colleges do offer such courses, and to them this volume is commended. An English scholar recently criticised our system of education and its tendency to 'give a smattering knowledge of a large number of things and a control of none of them. Is not his criticism largely justified by tho sort of study of political science had in mind by our author? Further remarks on the subject may be found on pages 140 and 141 of the last number of this REVIEW.


The Australian hyptiogastrine wasp genus Hyptiogaster Kieffer is revised. Among other characters, species of Hyptiogaster can be readily distinguished from other Hyptiogastrinae by having an exserted ovipositor and the anterior face of the mesothorax truncate in lateral view. Ten species are recognised including seven which are newly described: H. arenicola Turner, H. humeralis (Schletterer), H. rufus (Westwood), H. cobarensis sp. nov., H. hulli sp. nov., H. kalbarrii sp. nov., H. kiefferi sp. nov., H. naumanni sp. nov., H. pinjarregaensis sp. nov., H. weowaniensis sp. nov. Two synonymies are proposed; H. flavosignata (Kieffer) with H. humeralis and H. crassiceps (Schletterer) with H. rufus. An illustrated key to species is presented and relationships among genera of Hyptiogastrinae and species of Hyptiogaster are discussed.


Process mining provides a new means to improve processes in a variety of application domains These process mining techniques help organizations to uncover their actual business processes Frequent pattern mining algorithms are applied in the dyeing process due to difficulties of doing the coloring process in an efficient way. Previous Work done on dyeing process using apriori algorithm. but apriori algorithm has some drawback like more execution time, can not handle the large amount of data Now, we propose modified apriori algorithm that applied in dyeing process model to generate frequent pattern and remove the drawback of apriori algorithm in term of execution time, handle the large amount of data. Frequent Pattern Mining is most powerful problem in association mining. Most of the algorithms are based on algorithm is a classical algorithm of association rule mining the frequent pattern mining algorithms are applied in the dyeing process due to difficulties of doing the coloring process in an efficient way. Apriori algorithm can significantly reduce mining time by generating pattern candidates that had successfully brought many researchers' attention.


SYNOPSIS. Amphibian metamorphosis is the developmental process initiated by thyroid hormone which transforms a tadpole into a frog. This transformation requires extensive remodeling of almost every tissue in the animal. One of the more well-studied tadpole tissues that undergoes remodeling is the small intestine. This tissue requires a shortening in length as well as internal anatomical restructuring to function in the adult frog. Briefly, the tadpole epithelial cells undergo programmed cell death (or apoptosis) and are replaced by a layer of newly formed adult epithelium. About 20 thyroid hormone-regulated genes participating in this intestinal remodeling have been identified. These genes can be divided into several groups based on the proposed functions of their products. One of these groups contains several secreted and/or signaling molecules. Most prominent among these are the Xenopus homologs of the hedgehog and stromelysin-3 genes. Based on the expression profiles and cellular localization, hedgehog appears to be involved in adult epithelial morphogenesis. Stromelysin-3 may participate in basal lamina modification which is potentially involved in the apoptosis of the larval epithelium and development of the adult epithelium. Here we will review in detail the potential roles for these secreted factors as well as the proposed molecular mechanisms responsible for their physiological functions. Furthermore, we will examine the effect of these proteins on the extracellular environment and how this impacts upon cellular processes involved in intestinal remodeling.


We investigate how product market competition jointly affects specific corporate investment and financing behavior. Given an expected cash flow shortfall, firms may reduce cash reserves, increase external finance, cut back dividends, and sell off assets and/or investments. The first three actions are financing decisions while the last two are investment decisions. The relative frequency and size of each of these actions is examined and cross-sectional differences in terms of product market competition are analyzed. The evidence shows that product market competition does affect both investment and financing decisions as it affects the size of some but not all of these actions. In particular, greater product market competition leads to lower cash reserves and higher external finance regardless of the types of market structure, whereas its effect on asset divestiture, dividend payout, and investment seems to be market-structure specific.


Research and analyze the current e-commerce operation system. Present how to apply BAB e-commerce pattern to help enterprise avoid the situation of lacking in resource and credit. Establish BAB transaction model under the MVC design pattern. Design Resource Operation System through J2EE component development. Solve the bottleneck problem on credit, payment and logistics.


The article links Simone de Beauvoir's phenomenology and Catherine A. MacKinnon's feminist, Marxist, standpoint epistemology in virtue of their shared recognition that objectivity is sexed and gendered. This connection is supported by Beauvoir's close alignment with Edmund Husserl, for whom the question of embodied difference was vital for generating an account of intersubjectivity and locating sex in the historical subject. The article concludes that a consideration of both the transcendental and immanence are central to Beauvoir's feminist phenomenology and feminist politics alike.


To protect its citizens from terrorism, the Indonesian government for-mulated a law to eradicate the act of terrorism. One of the reasons behind the birth of the Act was the bombing tragedy at Sari Club and Paddy's Club, Kuta Legian, Bali on October 12, 2002. This research aims to analyze the prevention of radicalism and terrorism in Indonesia through law enforcement in terrorism law. This research used a qualitative method where primary data were gained from observation, and secondary data were gained from various documents and media. In addition, this study also analyzes the legal perspective, namely the newly enacted terrorism law in 2018. This research found that terrorism crime is the result of the accumulation of several factors, not only by a psychological factor, but also economic, political, religious, sociological, and many others. The main problem in combating terrorism is about the duration of arrest and detention in the Bill on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. There is a difference in the duration of arrest and detention from the Criminal Code, Law no. 15 of 2013 on Combating Terrorism Crime and the Bill on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. The longer period increases the likelihood of human rights violation.


Acknowledgment The authors thank Debbie Nelson and Diane Ingram of the California Medical Board for their efforts in administering the survey and their cooperation in providing survey data for this project. The authors also acknowledge the invaluable efforts of Margaret Fix in enhancing the quality of the Medical Board survey data. The California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development and The California Endowment contributed funding in support of this project. The Center for California Health Workforce Studies was created in 1997 as one of six regional workforce centers initially funded by a cooperative agreement with the National Center for Health Workforce Information and Analysis within the US Health Resources and Services Administration's Bureau of Health Professions. The Center's multidisciplinary team of investigators examines critical issues in the distribution, diversity, supply and competence of health professionals in California and the nation. The Center is directed by Kevin Grumbach, MD (firstname.lastname@example.com). iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A recent poll by the Field Research Corporation showed that six in ten voters agree that it is important for California to have enough health professionals who reflect the racial and ethnic diversity of the patients they serve. This report examines new data from the California Medical Board Relicensure Survey that provide a detailed profile of the ethnic characteristics of physicians in the state. The findings of this report document that a huge gap remains in California between the ethnic composition of the state's population and the state's physician workforce. Key findings from the analysis of survey responses from 61,861 physicians who are active in patient care in California and no longer in training include: 1. The underrepresentation of Latinos and African Americans among California physicians remains dire. Findings from the California Medical Board survey confirm the severe underrepresentation of Latinos and African Americans in the state's physician workforce. The disparity is particularly acute for Latinos, who constitute one-third of the state's population but only 5% of its physicians. ethnicity, and these ethnic groups should also be recognized as underrepresented in medicine and more actively recruited into the profession. A major strength of the California Medical Board survey is the unprecedented ability to examine variations within major ethnic groups. This is particularly an asset for detecting variations within Asian ethnic groups and revealing specific Asian ethnicities which are underrepresented in medicine. 3. Minority physicians in California play a key role in underserved communities. Minority physicians in California …


The dimeric pyranonaphthoquinones, "bis versions" of the naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-5,10-dione moiety, comprises a group of antibiotics that have been isolated from a variety of sources including plants, bacteria, fungi, and insects. This review discusses the known naturally occurring dimeric pyranonaphthoquinones, their isolation and bioactivity, and synthetic approaches towards them that have helped to confirm their structures, as well as to resolve structural uncertainties such as stereochemistry. The major focus has been on the synthetic approaches adopted to complete the challenging total synthesis of the natural isolates and analogues.


Around the world, millions of migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees encounter countless barriers to their movement and endure prolonged periods of waiting, resulting in frequent moments of immobil...


Scholars have long puzzled over the existence of conservative-identifying black Americans who nonetheless identify with and vote for the Democratic Party. This paper resolves this paradox. Leveraging data from the American National Election Study, I demonstrate that the terms "liberal" and "conservative" are unfamiliar to many black Americans, rendering the commonly used 7-point liberal-conservative measure of ideology invalid for this population. Black respondents unfamiliar with these terms misapply them and choose ideological labels that fail to reflect their partisan preferences. Consequently, scholars and political actors make incorrect and imprecise inferences about the contours of black politics in the United States. Moreover, this article raises new concerns about the generalizability of claims that rely on ideological self-identification measures, including popular claims about polarization among the mass public. This work also suggests a need for caution when using concepts that vary in their meaningfulness across social groups.


This study compared artificial Portland cements (CPA type) without mineral addition and blended Portland cements (CPJ) containing 15 to 25 percent filler, while attempting to keep the mechanical strength class of both types constant. Properties studied were: (1) binder hydration, strength variations, types of hydrates, porosity, etc.; (2) effect of seasonal temperature variations; (3) resistance to various aggressive environmental agents (carbonation, freezing and thawing, seawater, diffusion of chlorides). For constant mechanical strength class, the durability of CPJ cements with fillers is identical to that of CPA without mineral addition.


Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/history_capstones Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, History Commons, International Law Commons, International Relations Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Military, War, and Peace Commons, National Security Law Commons, Other Legal Studies Commons, Other Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons, Public Policy Commons, Science and Technology Law Commons, and the Science and Technology Policy Commons


The paper presents a simple and efficient method for identifying two-parametric isotropic pressure-independent yield criteria. The experimental procedure includes the upsetting of three types of specimens. The upsetting of cylinders and rings is used to evaluate the effect of friction. Together with the plane strain compression in a die, these tests provide two points of the yield locus on the π-plane. The experimental procedure is used in conjunction with the plasticity theory based on Hosford's yield criterion. The plastic work is used to describe the hardening of the material. This hardening law can be reformulated in terms of the equivalent strain after the yield criterion is determined. The experimental/theoretical procedure above applies to steel C15E.


Multi-Attribute Task (MAT) battery of computer programs gives researcher capability of performing experiments in multitask workloads and performances. Provides benchmark set of tasks for use in wide range of laboratory studies of operator performance and workload. Incorporates tasks analogous to activities aircraft crewmembers perform in flight, while providing high degree of experiment control, performance data on each subtask, and freedom to use nonpilot test subjects. Designed to use serially linked second computer to generate voice messages for communication task. Also used independently of voice computer if no computer-synthesized voice messages desired or if some other method of presenting auditory messages devised. Written in QuickBasic and Assembly language for IBM PC(R) series.


Aims and objectives: The study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of temperature changes on loading and unloading characteristics of NiTi wires. Materials and methods: NiTi wires included in the study were divided into six groups respectively (group-1 to group-6). Each group consisted of 10 NiTi wires. Three point bending test was done to study the effect of loading and unloading in each group of NiTi wires (Conventional NiTi, HANT and Cu NiTi) using universal testing machine at 37°C and 0°C. Results: Showed that HANT wires exhibited less amount of force during loading and unloading compared to conventional and Cu NiTi at 37°C, whereas, Cu NiTi wires require less force for loading and exhibited gradual recovery during unloading compared to conventional and HANT wires at 0°C.


[Objective] To study primary processing method for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.. [Method] Through investigating factors of medicinal material quality,operation time,the advantages and disadvantages of traditional and modern primary processing methods were compared. [Result] The medicinal material quality by two processing techniques both are in accordance with the Pharmacopoeia and other relevant standards,and have no significant differences. [Conclusion] The method of modern processing is more efficient and the quality is more uniform than the traditional method.


is paper examines the sharing properties of pseudo-coordination in Norwegian where two verbs are inžected and joined by a coordinator. e main claim is that constituents are shared between the two verbs. I show that crucial properties that would support a subordination analysis are unattested in pseudocoordination in Norwegian. e current proposal is a vP coordination where the subject and optionally an adjunct are multidominated by nodes in each conjunct. e claim is that subject sharing is a necessary condition for this construction and as soon as it is not shared, properties typical of pseudo-coordination are not found.


Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common life‐threatening genetic diseases and is characterized by early formation and gradual enlargement of multiple kidney cysts, which eventually results in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). At ADPKD, cell‐cell junctions and polarity between epithelial cells are disrupted. Cadherins constitute a major protein family in polycystin‐1 (PC1) complexes in renal epithelial cells. And, E‐cadherin plays an important role to maintain the integrity of cell‐cell contacts and polarity. Our previous data showed that PC1‐regulated protein, Gα12, deletion protected kidneys from development of kidney cysts induced by Pkd1 inactivation, and activation of Gα12 increased the shedding of E‐cadherin. The signaling pathways of PC1 in ADPKD are not fully understood.


Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) systems are increasingly being located on above‐grade floors of hospital buildings. The floor structures that support these systems need to provide vibration environments that satisfy the system's criteria, and airborne and structure‐borne transmission of noise to neighboring areas needs to be taken into account in order to provide acceptable acoustical environments in these spaces. The fundamental operating principles of MRI systems are reviewed in relation to the systems' susceptibility to vibration and to their sound producing mechanisms. Vibration criteria for some widely used systems are discussed and spectra of airborne and structure‐borne noise are illustrated. Means for vibration control and for the attenuation of structurally transmitted sound are delineated, together with architectural considerations for limiting noise transmission to spaces adjacent to MRI suites.


By reconstructing the optical properties such as the absorption coefficient, quantitative photoacoustic tomography (QPAT) images the micro blood vessels and the hemoglobin concentration quantitatively. QPAT is accomplished by solving the inverse problem of the photoacoustic (PA) measurement based on the phenomena of the light and PA pressure wave propagation. The light propagation is described by the radiative transfer equation, which is approximately calculated with the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The propagation of the PA pressure wave is described by the PA wave equation. The authors have been studying the QPAT image reconstruction algorithm using MC simulation and linearization. Near-infrared light with a wavelength of 755 nm that penetrates deep inside the biological medium was used. The absorption coefficient was reconstructed from the PA signals measured by the probe, which was the combination of the optical fiber and the focused ultrasound transducer consisting of P(VDF-TrFE) piezo electric film. The QPAT image with 10-mm depth was reconstructed in the numerical and phantom experiments. Pursuing more realistic situation of the micro vessel imaging, we conducted animal experiment to validate the QPAT image reconstruction. In the animal experiments, we tried to image the blood vessels of rabbit's ear. The rabbit ear was placed under the tissue-mimicking scattering layer. Through the numerical, phantom, and animal experiments, the instrumental and computational conditions for QPAT for pathological imaging will be investigated by comparing the QPAT images of the phantom and animal.


By dropwise addition of a solution of tricarboxamide-cored triphenylamine dendrimer G1 in THF into water (5 × 10−6 M), nanoparticles with average diameters of 80 ± 20 nm were formed and collected by centrifugation. The particles show aggregation induced emission and emit green light under photoluminescence conditions. The particles can be fused together by applying a concept of electrochemical curing; the G1 particles are coupled through electrochemical oxidation to form a film. This method provides a fast assembling process for constructing films in a few seconds. Fabrication of electrochromic and fluorescence switching devices was demonstrated.


Every year, the number of students wanting to pursue higher studies in abroad especially in US is more and they find difficult to search the best university. And thus, this paper helps on predicting the eligibility of Indian students getting admission in best university based on their Test attributes like GRE,TOEFL,CGPA, Research papers published etc. According to their scores the possibilities of chance of admit is calculated. This project uses machine learning technique specifically decision tree algorithm(version 0.22.1) for predicting the output which helps them to admit in the best university and also helps the student to find the possibility of admitting in other universities based on their scores.


The viruses are significant important pathogenic agents of several animal species, including cattle. In Brazil, several viral agents causing infections have been described in cattle and they produce significant economic losses. The identification of animals infected by a virus can be performed in different ways; however, definitive confirmation requires demonstration of the agent or immune response. For this purpose, various methods with the capacity to detect the viral particle, biological activity, genome, viral antigens, or specific immune response have been developed. Immunoassays are widely used in laboratory routine for detection of viral antigens in clinical or research. These assays exhibit good sensitivity, specificity and easy for implantation. The immunoassay methodologies are based on the employment of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies specific to the viral antigens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce polyclonal antibodies for some bovine virus, and evaluate their reactivity in immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase and slot blot tests. For this purpose, strains and/or isolates of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), bovine herpesvirus type 2 (BoHV-2), bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5), bovine herpesvirus type 5 gE deleted (BoHV-5 gEΔ), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bluetongue virus (BTV), and vaccinia virus (VACV) were amplified in cell culture and the supernatant were used to immunize rabbits. The animals were immunized five times by the subcutaneous route, and five days after the last boost the blood was collected. The serum was obtained by centrifugation. The serum was diluted (1:100 a 1:204.800) and used as primary antibodies in the immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase and slot blot assays. The working dilution was selected among those produced specific reaction with infected cells and absent or weak background in control cells. The antiserum showed higher reactivity in immunoperoxidase technique than the immunofluorescence and slot blot. The antiserum of the BoHV-1, BoHV5, BVDV and BRSV presented the reactivity when tested with heterologous isolates in immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase assays. In summary, that the polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits have high concentrations of specific antibodies, which were demonstrated by the reactivity in immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase and slot blot assays. Additionally, these reagents can be considered an important tool for the detection and characterization of various bovine viruses in diagnostic and research routine.


Although the terrain cognition plays an important role in the research of interactive relationship between human and environment,few studies have explored the issue.This study chose the Pukou Campus,Nanjing University as a study area and interviewed 644 freshmen by employing non-possibility sampling and stratified proportional sampling and implementing survey and in-depth interview methods based on the experimental design.Then the data were analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative data processing methods.Finally,some conclusions can be drawn as follows.1) There are relatively high agreements among subjects' relative elevation cognition of the terrain and recognition of the terrain feature points;while there are some trends among the spatial distribution of the rate of cognitive bias of relative elevation.2) There are topologic,spatial,cognitive and behavioral characteristics of objects of allocentric reference selected by the subjects.3) The relative elevation cognition of terrain and recognition of terrain feature points in a small environment are influenced by geographical environmental,cognitive,behavioral,and emotional factors,of which individual daily geographical environment is dominant.


To avoid as much as possible errors that might be attributable to a faulty mode of examination, the figures and photographs have all been made from the larvæ alive, and in their natural medium, except two instances in the drawings and one in the photographs. After alluding to the effects of various reagents which were generally found useless in "differentiating" the fine nervous structures, and the ordinary mode of branching in the nerves from the ganglionic chain, two particular methods of termination are selected as illustrative of the relation between the muscular and nervous tissues. One, termed the "flabelliform,'' where the nerve on approaching the muscular sheath expands into a fan shape, and with its fine granular and nucleated contents embraces the muscle in form of the letter A, without any evidence of the granulai matter and sarcous elements being in absolute contact; the other, called the "stapiform" or stirrup-shaped. The latter, in its early stage, is knobbed in appearance. This, the early stage, is shown gradually passing into the cellular, looped, or stirrup form, embracing the fine muscular structure somewhat obliquely, or passing entirely round it, and projecting beyond its edge. In this form also there was no evidence of any union of the granular contents with the sarcous elements, though firm union existed between their sheaths or outer membranes. Fine networks, ending apparently in a granular irregular spot with a pale centre and uniting, are pointed out. The relation and union of short muscles passing between others, and nerve-fibres lying along side them, with flabelliform expansions, are remarked on, and shown in the figures and photographs. Muscles undergoing degeneration, or the metamorphic change, are noticed, and in no instance could a nerve-fibre be seen attached to them, or a fibre that could with certainty be traced to any nerve or ganglion. No change was observed of a definite character, as regards the mode of union, under muscular contraction. Some of the finest muscular fibres are passed by for special reasons, as constant motion &c. Attention is called to the blood-corpuscles, or to corpuscles which, for convenience, are called creeping corpuscles, and several figures given. The peculiarities of these bodies are regarded as of considerable importance, and, coupled with a remark in Dr. Beale's contribution to the Transactions of the Royal Society, read May 21st, 1863, in reference to the movement of all forms of living matter.


IM To study the reactivity of microvessel in gastric carcinogenesis.METHODS Gastric carcinogenesis in rats was induced by topical administration of MNNG (150mg L-1) in drinking water. Four weeks after MNNG exposure, rats were swichted to the diet containing 1, 25dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3, 25mg·kg-1 and 50mg·kg-1]. Animals were killed at week 8, 16,24 and 32 for immunohistochemical study of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and histopathological investigation.RESULTS At week 8 and 16, microvessel density in gastric mucosa increased and endothelial cells of the microvessls markedly proliferated.CONCLUSION The increased microvessel density is closely related to the severity of carcinogenesis. 1, 25(OH)2D3 does not inhibit, but stimulate carcinogenesis induced by MNNG


ABSTRACT Ni–Co alloy coatings exhibit excellent tribological properties. However, these coatings are vulnerable to corrosion due to the lower corrosion potential of Co when compared to Ni. The decrease in the corrosion resistance of Ni–Co alloy with increasing Co content is not monotonous. At an optimum Co content, very high corrosion resistance behaviour is observed. This anomaly is investigated here. Ni–Co coatings (Ni, Ni–9 wt% Co and Ni–20 wt% Co) were electrodeposited over mild steel. Potentiodynamic polarisation illustrated Ni coatings highest corrosion resistance, whereas, between the Ni–Co coatings, Ni–20 wt% Co coating exhibited higher corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl medium. Higher corrosion resistance in Ni–20 wt% Co coating was primarily due to uniform distribution of low energy grain boundaries like Σ3 coincidence site lattices (CSLs) in the coating. Higher corrosion rate for Ni–9 wt% Co coatings was due to strained grains and non-uniform distribution of low energy grain boundaries.


The Anti-Communist Resistance in the Făgăraș Mountains (Romania) as a Challenge for Social Memory and an Exercise of Critical Thinking. Social memory is dynamic, adaptable to the ensemble of group perceptions on the present. In the first decade after WWII there were numerous active anti-communist armed resistance groups in the Romanian mountains. The most powerful resistance groups operated on the southern and northern sides of the Făgăraș Mountains. According to the results of exploratory research conducted in 2020 the representations of the anti-communist resistance in the mountains in Romanian young people's memories are feeble. Retrieving representations of the resistance is useful as critical exercise in understanding history, as source of identity comfort and as part of the lesson on totalitarianism. Sociológia 2021, Vol. 53 (No. 3: 266-286) https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.10


Based on definition of brand management and corporate culture, this article demonstrates a wayto enhance brand management combined with corporate culture in the process of strategy establishment, design of brand elements, brand promotion and maintenance, and brand extension.


When research on camouflage material polarization characteristic,it needs to deal with amount of data for secondary progress. Generally,taking advantage of computer program such as Matlab will be the first choice. However,this method has some problems,for example,poor applicability,weak transplantation,difficult for amend and maintenance. In order to deal with these problems,this paper puts forward a new method which can change the model of camouflage material polarization characteristic data process to COM component,and set up data process platform with the component. Experiment proves that this method not only deals with camouflage material polarization characteristic data quickly,but also provides some good reference for setting up big camouflage material polarization characteristic data process system.


Pearce element ratio (PER) diagrams were constructed for tholentic gabbro, alkali gabbro, dolerite and tholentic basalt of Phenal Mata Igneous complex (PMIC) Identifying potassium as a conserved element particularly during the course of basic magma(s) differentiation senes The observed variations among the tholentic basalts, dolentes, tholentic and alkali gabbros of PMIC on PER diagrams appear to be commonly controlled by the fractional crystallhzation of plagioclase, chnopyroxene and olivine in variable proportion Tholentic basalts and tholentic gabbros of PMIC could be derived from the same parental magma but proportion of crystallizing phases and even assemblages differ as reflected by their different slopes on PER diagrams The different intercepts with a common slope for tholentic gabbros and dolerites however strongly suggest their similarly involved differentiation mechanism but d1fferent parentage probably formed by slight contamiation of episodic tholentic magma by an alkaline one, which subsequently experienced the same differentation mechanism.


ABSTRACT
The success of learning is strongly influenced by information processing mechanisms and working memory. The characteristics of the initial information will affect the sensory response which is continued by storage in sensory memory. Various stimulus information such as psychophysical stimulus, emotional stimulus, discrepant stimulus and manding stimulus will have an effect on the response back from respondents. Information will be selected to enter short term memory (STM) through a working memory mechanism with the ability to store information within a few seconds. Working memory is managed by the Central executive control center by involving the phonological Loop area, Episode buffer, and Visuo-spatial Sketch Pad. Then the information is continued to Long Term Memory (LTM) with repetition and coding mechanism. Long-term memory storage in the area of ??episodic memory, semantic memory and procedural memory. Working memory is influenced by cognitive load (Cognitive Load) and Cognitive Fit Theory (CFT).


The experiment was aimed to observe growth performance and reproductive performance of Germany Merino Sheep as well as descendants in E'Min county,Xinjiang.The statistical analyses indicated that the respective body weight in birth day,1 month,3 months,6 months,12 months was 4.20±0.73,12.96±3.33,27.30±5.50,40.65±5.50,69.27±6.22kg.The average daily gain in 1 month,3 months,6 months was 321±78g,264±54g,223±22g respectively.The kidding percentage,and reproduction rate of first lambed sheep was 12.9.63%、114.81%,Meanwhile,The kidding percentage,and reproduction rate of ewe was 157.00%,151.00%.The results indicated that Germany Merino which was a good breed source on prematurity and growth,was feeded with full nutrition and could get heredity ability.Moreover,the hybrids of Germany Merino and local Sheep have high hybrid vigor.


The harmful effects of sulfate radical on the TBP extraction efficiency are explained.The complex fraction of uranium with sulfate radical is calculated.The relationship between the uranium concentration in feeding liquid and the sulfate radical content in yellow cake is discussed.The result shows that the uranium concentration in feeding liquid is inversely correlated with the sulfate radical content in yellow cake.When the uranium concentration is high,the sulfate radical content is low.The key factor of decreasing the sulfate radical content in yellow cake is controlling the pH value while the precipitation process is carried out.The effective method of decreasing the sulfate radical content is calcining the yellow cake.


Professional development is a continuous trend of youth in Kosovo. The tendency of the students and other youth to reach relevant information, which affects their professional, pushes them to refer to various sources of information. So far the main sources of information are considered local newspapers, television advertisements and newsletters that have been displayed in different locations. Now these information platforms are considered inappropriate by the youth. They prefer more to use the social networks where they can access information. Social networks that are mostly used among the youth of our country are considered Facebook, Twiter and LinkedIn. This paper presents data on how students of the University of Prishtina regular use social networks.


This paper presents a sectoral evolutionary simulation model combining neo-Schumpeterian and Post-Keynesian microfoundations, and exhibits some preliminary results. As to different market environment conditions, the simulations suggest: a positive effect of productivity growth of the technological frontier on market concentration; an ambiguous result of "learning by doing", from which innovation leaders may be found "locked in" new technologies that eventually become obsolete; a "counter-selective" effect of very high interest rates which may increase innovators indebtedness to the extent of impairing their investment efforts and competitive success as compared to some imitators. As to different price strategies, major findings are: greater selectivity of strategies in which innovators put more emphasis on their own desired mark-up than on average market price, thus enhancing market concentration, an effect that can be restrained by higher market demand growth and "learning by doing"; the importance, for the survival of less innovative firms, of a feedback from competitive performance to desired and effective mark-ups (price strategies), which increases their adaptability to market selection conditions.


In his paper "Kings in Bipartite Hypertournaments," Petrovic stated two conjectures on 4‐kings in multipartite hypertournaments. We prove one of these conjectures and give counterexamples for the other.


A monitored deicing system is disclosed. The monitored deicing system may have a pneumatic deicer and a signal wire running through the pneumatic deicer. The signal wire may break in response to a failure of the pneumatic deicer, such as a torn boot seam. A health monitor may check the continuity of the signal wire in order to provide an alert upon detecting such a failure.


The effect of concentration changes of magnesium chloride on the mechanical and hydration properties of magnesium oxychloride (Sorel) cement was investigated. The results demonstrated that a concentration change of MgCl2 can strongly affect the properties of the Sorel cement. The amount of magnesium...


【Objective】 To study mutations in the GJB2 gene in patients with nonsyndromic hearing impairment and to analyze the interaction between mutations and hearing threshold levels.【Method】 55 patients with nonsyndromic hearing impairment(whose age from 1 to 10 years) were interviewed to identify medical histories of hearing loss and per-formed subjective and objective audiological evaluation as well as the detection of the popular deafness gene mutations in GJB2 gene.【Results】 Of the 55 cases,7 patients had the family history background,2 of them were found the mutations in GJB2 gene(28.6%).In the causative gene screening,12 cases were caused by the mutations of GJB2 gene(21.8%),5 of them had homozygous 235delC mutation,3 cases had heterozygous 235delC and 299-300delAT mutation and 4 cases had ho-mozygous 79GA and 341AG mutation.【Conclusions】 A high frequence of GJB2 gene mutations is found in the deaf population around the Shanghai area.Most patients with severe hearing impairment are caused by the 235delC and 299-300delAT mutation and mildly and moderate hearing impairment are caused by the 79GA and 341AG mutation.


Parallel processing hardware is becoming increasingly affordable, with 4processor, Pentium-based servers near the $10,000 price point. Prior research has shown that a number of routine GIS spatial analysis tasks can be performed in parallel with high efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to investigate one such application, the parallel computation of interpolated surfaces using the neighborhood-based, inverse-distance-weighted Clarke algorithm, and to examine the effects of different distributions of control points on compute time. These data distributions include: evenly spaced, random, loosely clustered, and tightly clustered (as measured by the nearest neighbor statistic). Following a review of non-parallel performance characteristics of the Clarke algorithm, the programming scheme used to achieve parallelism is outlined, and two strategies for subdividing the spatial interpolation task among the parallel processes are described. Tests carried out on a Silicon Graphics Power Challenge computer show that while parallel interpolation is effective at reducing run time, the choice of domain decomposition strategy significantly impacts the amount of reduction when processing clustered data. Our results point to a generic strategy that can be used to apportion spatially inhomogeneous tasks in multiprocessing environments.


The progressive implementation of Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC results in increasing quantities of sewage sludge requiring safe disposal. Due to high content of nutrients, the use of sewage sludge in agriculture is encouraged, but only in a way which prevents its harmful effects on soil, vegetation, animals and man. The risks associated with agricultural use of sewage sludge arise mostly from bacterial and viral pathogens, eggs of parasites and some metals which concentrate in the sludge during wastewater treatment. To eliminate this risk, the raw sludge must be subjected to proper treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the treatment of sewage sludge produced by municipal wastewater treatment plant treating municipal wastewaters from a source of approximately 250 000 inhabitants. The sludge (S) was amended with quick lime and/or zeolite, using 3 % by weight of either lime (S+L), zeolite (S+Z), or combination of both (S +LZ). During 6-week stabilisation of experimental (S+L, S+Z, S+LZ) and control (S) substrates we determined changes in pH and ammonium nitrogen in water extracts as chemical factors that can affect survival of pathogenic micro-organisms. Our microbiological examination focused on plate counts of faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci for which the limit values are determined by the Act No. 188/2003 on application of sewage sludge and sediments, effective in SR. The results obtained showed that lime and lime with zeolite affected signifi cantly the pH level throughout the experimental period while the content of ammonia differed signifi cantly in the substrate amended with zeolite. Microbiological examination revealed that counts of faecal coliforms were affected by addition of lime and lime and zeolite, but only up to week 3-4 of stabilisation, probably in relation to increased pH. Faecal streptococci were decreased signifi cantly in the substrate amended with zeolite and lime. At the end of the 6-weeks stabilisation period both faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci were below the limit set by the Act No. 188/2003. Introduction Treatment of municipal wastewaters is associated with production of considerable quantities of sewage sludge which poses hygienic and environmental problems. Sewage sludge may contain a large variety of bacterial and viral pathogens including Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., and enteroviruses as well as eggs of parasites such as Ascaris lumbricoides and oocysts Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. (Reddy et al., 1981; Straub et al., 1993, 1994). Because of that, before its recycling, the sludge is subjected to additional treatment that uses a range of processes, such as anaerobic digestion, dewatering or addition of some chemicals. Because most of the processes are not associated with higher temperatures, the application of this material to soil or other ways of its disposal have some limitations related to potential survival of pathogens, various stages of endoparasites and heavy metals.


A series of modular spectrum fatigue test control and data collection programs have been developed. Specially tailored modifications of the software are used for different types of tests. Simulated service spectra with predetermined amplitudes and frequencies for one or more control channels can be produced. Simultaneous monitoring of the test machine and specimen response permits run-time analysis of the actual spectrum, measuring of fatigue crack initiation or growth, and speed optimization. The full-scale testing of a locomotive bogie employing eight hydraulic actuators is described. The three-million kilometre service simulation verified the fatigue resistance of the structure. The importance of meaningful run-time analysis is emphasized.


The purpose of higher vocational education is to cultivate practical and technical talents.According to the disadvantages of personnel training mode in higher vocational college,5S management is proposed,which is applied in personnel training mode of higher vocational college.By constant strengthening and cycle operation,the quality of all the teachers and students can be promoted,which can play an active role in the construction of higher vocational college and the cultivation of talents.


We demonstrate the utility of optically polarized {sup 129}Xe NMR in a convection cell for measuring the surface properties of materials. In particular, we show adsorption of xenon gas on oxidatively purified single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The interaction between xenon and multiwalled nanotubes produced by chemical vapor deposition was stronger than that of single- or multiwalled nanotubes produced by carbon arc discharge. Xenon was observed in gas, liquid, and adsorbed phases. The large polarization and moderate pressures of xenon ({approx}0.2 MPa) allowed resolution of multiple lines in both the gas and condensed phases of xenon in contact with carbon nanotubes. Xe gas exchanges with physisorbed xenon in two different environments. Xe adsorbs preferentially on defects, but if the number of defects is not sufficient, it will also adsorb on surface and interstitial sites. Penetration of Xe in the tube interior was not observed.


We present the background, methodology and initial findings of the Basic Municipal Development Index (MDIb), which measures the level and sustainability of d...


Perinatal mortality was surveyed from a total of 12074 deliveries since 1968 to 1977 in Kumamoto City Obstrics Hospital. The average perinatal death rate was 8.6% was much lower than the national perinatal death rate i.e. 14.8%. The lowest perinatal death rate was in 1976 and 1977 (3.7%). The decreased rate indicated the effect of the full use of delivery surveillance instruments and complete management of the pregnancy. The causes of perinatal death were discussed with respect to premature babies umbilicus factors fetal false death pregnant toxication fetal death in uteri the pelvis position early separation of placentae diabetes ROS broken uteri deformed babies and pneumonia. The most important points were: 1) the death rate of ten-month pregnancy was higher than eight and nine-month pregnancy; and 2) the death rate of 2000 g-baby was higher than 1501 g-baby. It is important to learn how to detect sudden fatal death as early as possible in order to decrease the perinatal death rate.


Purpose: This study investigated the effects of a 10-week hippotherapy program on trunk, pelvis, and hip joint positioning during the stance phase of gait. Methods: Eleven children (6 boys and 5 girls; 7.9 ± 2.7 years) with neurological disorders and impaired ambulation participated. Joint range of motion data were collected via 3-dimensional computerized gait analysis before and after the program. Paired t tests were performed on kinematic data for each joint. Results: Significant improvements (P ⩽ .008) and large effect sizes (ESs) for sagittal plane hip positions at initial contact and toe-off were found. No differences in pelvic or trunk positioning were determined, although sagittal plane pelvic positioning displayed a trend toward improvement with large ESs. Several trunk variables displayed moderate ESs with a trend toward more upright positioning. Conclusions: Improvements in pelvic and hip joint positioning and more normalized vertical trunk position may indicate increased postural control during gait after 10 sessions of hippotherapy.


The submission of tender application of decision tree to the railway construction enterprise is expounded.The content includes the decision tree method and case application of submission of tender.The article is instructive to save the cost of bid and improve the probability of winning bid for the contractor.


Recent results (some previously unpublished) on the physics of charge density waves (CDWs) are reviewed. The synthesis conditions and unique properties of the quasi-one-dimensional compound , with highly coherent room temperature CDWs, are described. A peculiar type of 'quantization' is discussed, which is observed in micro- and nanosamples of and due to the discrete nature of CDW wave vector values. The electric-field-induced torsional strain (TS) in quasi-one-dimensional conductors is considered. Research results on the TS of a noise character induced by sliding CDWs are presented, along with those on the inverse effect, the modulation of the voltage induced by externally driven TS. Results on the nonlinear conduction of , a quasi-one-dimensional compound not belonging to the family of classical Peierls conductors, are also described.


The utility model provides an insole for a flatfoot patient. The foot inner side of an insole (1) is provided with a streamlined additional insole (2) according to normal foot inner cambered surface and columnar particles (3) are arranged on the additional insole (2). The columnar particles (3) which are converged to the center are made of material with bad elasticity, high hardness and good tenacity. A flatfoot patient can do physical exercise as man with normal-shaped foot by utilizing the utility model which integrates treatment and health care to flatfoot patients, and has low cost and convenient application and the like.


Abstract. This article argues that college students can be motivated to be active participants in their own education if made aware of the direct correlation between college learning and corporate work settings. Students can be shown that through the natural course of college learning, they are acquiring valuable core skills or transferable competencies that will be of later use in their corporate lives. The article expounds on this theme by analyzing and elaborating on four main competencies, the same skills needed in corporate structures, which are naturally acquired during the course of college learning.


Purpose of the study: This study aimed to provide an explanation of the perceptions of height by selected Filipino youth and discuss the factors that shape these perceptions. By exploring these factors, this study gives an overview of the extended height affects an individual's experience and aspirations.
Methodology: Both quantitative and qualitative surveys were conducted on 300 youth participants (150 males and 150 females), where they rated 30 statements and answered open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed statistically, and qualitative data were arranged into a comprehensive matrix and thematic coding of responses.
Main findings: Height mainly symbolizes three components: advantage, capability, and desirability. Participants believe that being tall is an advantage in playing sports, will open up opportunities for work, and can help in doing everyday tasks. Height can also be a key to attracting the opposite sex. The 'bigger is better' prejudice appears to extend to a person's experiences as well—short people's experiences differ from those of taller people. Benefits brought by tallness is so sought that many exert extra efforts to grow taller. Tall bodies demonstrate a non-economic advantage that gives higher status and sociopolitical distinction in society.
Implications: The topic of body size is potent for analyzing culture and power. This study provides evidence on the biases on height perception by the Filipino youth and can be useful in future studies relating to height.
Originality/Novelty of the study: There are either limited or no studies concentrating on cultural perceptions of height conducted in developing countries such as the Philippines. Moreover, the height of Filipinos has rarely been reported, and the data that are available tend to be in relatively obscure publications.


Performing long-duration exercise may increase oxygen consumption, which may result in redox imbalance inducing a frame of oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of EROS after a training session on the DNA of human lymphocytes and biochemical parameters (TBARS, triglycerides, proteins, glucose, albumin, and urea). A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of 18 Caucasian individuals, males, between 18 and 35 years of age, underwent a continuous aerobic training session (60minute run with intensity comprised between 70% and 75% of the maximum heart rate. The participants had a mean age of 21.78 ± 3.82 years; body mass 72.04 ± 6.35 kg; Height 1.79 ± 0.05 m, BMI of 22.37 kg/cm2 ± 1.70, fat mass 8.43 ± 3.97 %. Results showed a statistically significant increase in total protein, glucose and triglyceride levels post-exercise, while albumin decreased significantly post-exercise, whereas other biochemical parameters did not present significant change. DNA damage analysis showed no significant effects. We conclude that aerobic training in the conditions herein did not induce damage due to oxidative stress in the studied structures, probably because the individuals were well-trained and previously adapted to the conditions of exercise.


What side effects, if any, do rules intended to benefit a particular social group, such as ethnic minorities or women, have on other historically marginalized groups? Do states create new problems and inequalities when they use preferential rules to increase the representation of certain targeted groups? In short, is there a down side to rules that have proven to be very effective at increasing the election rates of certain groups precisely because they target them for preferential treatment?


This paper treats a dual porosity and dual permeability system in which two grids - one each for the fractures and matrix occupy the same volume. We employ 5 pseudo components in the formulation which extends the capability beyond normal blackoil applications. The formulation also permits inert gas injection (i.e. nonhydrocarbon - N/sub 2/, CO/sub 2/, etc.) which can diffuse into the liquid phases. Moreover, the oil properties can be optionally treated as functions of pressure and API gravity. We briefly review the mathematical description of the system. We also describe a memory management scheme whereby one can study large reservoir problems (in excess of 20,000 cells) on computers offering modest core capability. Finally, we present example applications for an isolated fracture system, the effect of cyclic water injection, and the effect of variable API gravity.


The use of bee venom as a therapeutic agent for the relief of joint pains dates back to Hippocrates,and ref-erences to the treatment can be found in ancient Egyp-tian and Greek medical writings as well.Also known as apitherapy,the technique is widely used in Eastern Europe,Asia,and South America.The beneficial effects of bee stings can be attributed to mellitinin,an anti-in-flammatory agent,known to be hundred times stronger than cortisone.Unfortunately,certain substances in the bee venom trigger allergic reactions which can be life threatening in a sensitized individual.Multiple stings are known to cause hemolysis,kidney injury,hepatotoxicity and myocardial infarction.The toxicity can be immedi-ate or can manifest itself only weeks after the exposure.We describe hepatotoxicity in a 35-year-old female,following bee sting therapy for multiple sclerosis.She presented to our clinic 3 wk after therapy with a his-tory of progressive jaundice.The patient subsequently improved,and has been attending our clinic now for the last 9 mo.


A Service Level Agreement (SLA) defines the contract between a cloud provider and a cloud customer, detailing the resources being provided, the price the user will pay, and the Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees that the cloud provider ensures for the customer. If the QoS guarantees are not upheld, typically the cloud provider is assessed some penalties, such as a payment credit for the customer. Monitoring and enforcing the SLA is an area of open research, and in this research we present the foundations towards a full realization of an SLA monitoring infrastructure. We proposed a formal model that can precisely describe both the SLA QoS guarantees and the penalties assessed for violation. Also, we implemented the proposed model as a dynamic SLA monitoring infrastructure system which is used for automatic SLA enforcement efficiently. Our SLA monitoring system can be deployed in any cloud environment and it can be used to monitor any type of QoS parameters. The performance and efficiency of the proposed SLA framework was measured and proved that our SLA model is efficient and reliable.


We propose a simple and effective even-power fast algorithm to obtain scalable fringe precision in self-mixing interference. In this letter, the principle of the even-power fast algorithm is introduced in detail. The validity of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by means of simulated signals and confirmed by experimental measurements at different vibration amplitudes. Without adding any additional optical elements in the optical path, theoretical analysis shows that the resolution of the fringe could be enhanced to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> ${{\lambda }}/{2^{{\text{n}} + 3}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text{(n}\,= \,0,\,1,\,2,\,3\ldots)}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Experimental results show a fringe precision of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\lambda }}/32$</tex-math> </inline-formula> is achieved at a sampling rate of 50 KS/s. The influence factors are also discussed when the algorithm is applied in actual measurements.


Software Product Lines enable cost-effective derivation of software products within a well-defined application domain. In order to take full advantage of this paradigm over time it is necessary to control the evolution of the resulting artifacts. Configuration Management is a common instrument to this end which however brings up practical difficulties in the context of product lines. This work sets up an automation infrastructure that tackles the problem.


Microgrid systems is the advanced technology for the electric power system which improves the system reliability and stability with the support of RES (renewable energy system) in the power grid. The important aspect of microgrid are the battery, RES and connection with the main grid. In this paper photovoltaic (PV) with battery storage with two different loads for a small scale microgrid system are simulated. The objective is to drive the load with the microgrid and if it is not available then switching to the main grid. After that observe the effect of main grid and micro grid in grid connected mode with the option of using the battery power and storing the excess power in that. The results can be used for the practical implementation of microgrid.


A distributed queue based ATM distributor-concentrator network may be used to provide a distributed cell multiplexing-demultiplexing function at a broadband user network interface (UNI). The distributor-concentrator network incorporates an asymmetric dual bus architecture and is based on the extended distributed queueing protocol. We analyse the access delay performance of extended distributed queueing in multiplexing the cell streams from delay-sensitive services. In the analysis, we use an N/spl middot/D/D/1 queue model in which the positional priority of requests issued by nodes along the distributor-concentrator changes dynamically. A discussion on the observed performance is also presented.


Health impacts of climate change and the need to prevent them should be at centre stage of the ongoing debate on climate policies 1. We have specifically prepared this series of papers to be availa...


The System of Computer Aided Designing of Hot Press developed with Visual lisp in AutoCAD is a good beginning of applying computer aided design (CAD) technology to the design of wood-based panel equipment and will vigorously promote the application of CAD technology in designing wood-based panel equipment. The system is suitable to the design of press frames, moving tables, cylinders, heated oil pipes, and simultaneous closing devices of multi- opening presses. It is also suitable to the design of press frames, moving tables, and cylinders of single-opening presses and continuous presses.


Landscape genetics puts population genetics into real landscapes and addresses; for example, the effects of different landscape features, such as land-use types, on dispersal and gene flow across the landscape and its implications for genetic diversity and population viability. It also addresses the effects of landscape alteration and changing climate. Thus, from an evolutionary perspective, landscape genetics deals with environmental heterogeneity in space and time, and from an ecological perspective, it allows us to quantify and test hypotheses on how the landscape pattern affects the actual rates of exchange of individuals and their genes between remnant habitat patches.


Carbon dioxide hydrate were produced from the anionic surfactant——Sodium Laurate water solutions of 0.000,0.016,0.021,0.026 mol/L to investigate the effect of surfactant on gas hydrate formation in a quiescent system.The results show that Sodium Laurate can markedly promote gas-hydrate growth and hydrate formation rate increases with Sodium Laurate concentration,but when Sodium Laurate concentration above critical micellar concentration(CMC),the increase in Sodium Laurate concentration will have little effect on promotion of gas hydrate formation rate.


The article presents the results of growing tilapia to marketable weight in experimental sites (Chilikskoye pond pond farms LLP, KATU named after S. Seifullin JSC and Kapshagai spawning farm — 1973 LLP). In the process of carrying out research works, the methods generally accepted in fish farming, hydrochemistry, hydrobiology, hydrology, ichthyology, as well as foreign normative and technical guidelines and methodological instructions on the technology of growing commercial tilapia in industrial conditions were used. Monitoring of hydrochemical analyses of water in ponds, swimming pools, and closed water supply installations is given. Fish-breeding and biological indicators of tilapia grown in various experimental conditions are presented. The results of the studies have shown the real possibility of growing tilapia in various conditions of fish farms in Kazakhstan. Based on the results of the work, the following conclusions were made: — satisfactory fish-breeding indicators were obtained with various cultivation technologies (as when growing tilapia in polyculture and monoculture in ponds, in pools, as well as cultivation in the recirculation system); — the cultivation of tilapia in the experimental ponds of the fish farm of the Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan has shown the possibility of obtaining high fish-breeding biological indicators of tilapia and the ability to grow to marketable mass in a short time; — as a result of experimental cultivation in various conditions, it was found that the survival rate was not lower than 97%; — as a result of the analysis of the profitability indices of the developed technologies, it was found that the most profitable was the technology of growing marketable tilapia products in monoculture ponds on water with a natural thermal regime in Chilik Pond Economy LLP.


Liquified natural gas is favorable for transportation and recovery of the natural gas in remote area,as well as for reducing gas storage cost.The mixed refrigerant cycle (MRC) is a process of gas liquefaction most frequently used in practice,which has the advantages of less equipments,simple process,less investment and convenient management,etc.For this reason,a theoretical analysis of the MRC process is made and a calculation method for a typical gas liquefaction process by MRC with heat recuperation is systematically introduced.A simulation of the whole process is made,obtaining the pressure,temperature,enthalpy and entropy at each nodal point,the vapour liquid two phase flow rate,the total flow rate and the vapour liquid two phase molal fraction.The parameters reflecting the performance of the process,namely,the consumed power at the compressor,the precooling propane quantity,the refrigerant flow rate and the heat exchange quantity in the heat exchanger,etc.,are calculated also.


Based on FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array),a highly automatic quality inspecting system for IR receiver is worked out in this paper.The system is made up of infrared emission,infrared receiver,analog-to-digital converter,FPGA testing and results display.The results can be accurately and quickly shown by FPGA.Taking advantage of FPGA's parallel characteristics,the multi-channel inspection system can be carried out at the same time which can meet the requirements of automatic production.


The invention solves the problems of size difference of color concentrate, instability of color concentrate, fragility of color concentrate, unclear borders of color concentrate, shot-term storage, easy bleeding, color losing and the like for water-based artificial granite paint by compounding sheet silicate tackifier/cellulose protective colloid composite granulating system and applying granulation technique. The invention can greatly promote the popularization and application of the water-based artificial granite paint in the field of the architectural decoration of both inner and outer walls.


Within the Colombian territory, various programs have been deployed to strengthen infrastructure, productivity, education and health, the same plan that aims to recover the expansion of social inequality. In the last decade, the city of Barranquilla has presented a upturn related with public and private investment, based on the correct policies promoted by the local government to eliminate social inequality by systems aimed to reduce differences that persist today. However, the number of people who moved and took up residence in the capital of the Atlantico Department ended up affecting the budgetary variables, affecting social programs, social coverage and the population that make up the department.


This paper proposes a small-signal model of single-pulse-operated switched reluctance generator (SRG). The small-signal model consists of mathematical expressions of the partial derivative of per-phase average dc-bus current with respect to control angles. The proposed partial derivatives are determined online using measured/simulated phase current and dc-bus voltage. During a simulation or an experiment, these partial derivatives are not directly measurable quantities; therefore, for the purpose of validation, a method to determine these partial derivatives (in post-processing) is also presented. Using this method, the proposed small-signal model is validated at several values of control angles through simulations and experiments.


5 Background: Penile cancer is a rare malignancy that accounts for less than 1% of male cancers in the United States. Localized disease, particularly T1 tumors (no invasion the corpora spongiosum, corpora cavernosa or adjacent structures using the AJCC 7th edition staging system) are potentially curable with local surgery. We present the racial differences in survival outcomes for T1, penile cancer from the SEER database. Methods: From 2004 to 2016, we identified all patients with T1 (coded as T1, T1a, T1b),N0,M0 penile cancer in the SEER-18 database were included. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariable (adjusting for age, year of diagnosis, race, socioeconomic status, primary tumor site and type of surgery) Cox-Regression analysis were conducted to investigate prognostic variables for cancer specific survival (CCS). Results: A total of 4,406 patients were identified with penile cancer; 1,941 patients had T1 disease and were further evaluated (Table). On multivariable analysis, Black (HR: 1.72, CI 1.01- 2.94; p=0.046) and Hispanic individuals (HR: 2.15, CI 1.36- 3.40; p= 0.001) had worse CSS compared to the White men with T1 disease. Logistic regression analysis shows no difference in the application of primary surgical resection by race (p=0.065). In the univariate analysis, patients who underwent primary site surgery had better 5-year CSS (HR: 0.36, CI 0.22-0.60; p <0.001). Among those undergoing primary surgery, the 5-year CSS was superior with excisional biopsy (HR: 0.22, CI 0.12-0.40; p < 0.001) compared to simple/partial removal of the primary tumor. Conclusions: Significant racial disparities in CSS exist in early-stage penile cancer patients. CSS is worse in Black and Hispanic T1 penile cancer patients compared to White patients. CSS is also decreased in those without any primary surgery and in those treated with simple/partial surgical removal compared to excisional biopsy. Further research on the cause of racial disparity outcomes in penile cancer is needed.[Table: see text]


Geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) infrared (IR) images and rain gauge measurements are used to study five convective storm events in Florida. The study region is divided into a training area and a test area. An approach is initiated in this study to identify rainfall areas within GOES images using the coldest cloud‐top temperature (CCTT) and the standard deviation of cloud‐top temperatures (STD‐DEV) within a group of pixels. A threshold value of satellite‐derived cloud‐top temperature is used to define the cloud‐covered areas. GOES IR images are then divided into two categories: expanding cloud images and contracting cloud images. The Bayesian optimal classifier using CCTT and STD‐DEV is implemented to further classify the cloud pixels in each category into precipitation‐free cloud pixels and precipitating cloud pixels. Cutoff rain rates from the gauge measurements are used to define the actual precipitation‐free and precipitating pixels. The results show that the classification acc...


In this paper, we investigate the correlation between the degree of detail (granularity) in the source task and the quality of the learned features for transfer learning to new tasks. For this purpose, we design a DNN for action classification and video captioning. The same video encoding architecture is trained to solve multiple tasks with different granularity levels. In our transfer learning experiments, we fine-tune a network on a target task, while freezing the video encoding learned from the source task. Experiments reveal that training with more fine-grained tasks tends to produce better features for transfer learning. We use Something-Something dataset with over 220, 000 videos, and multiple levels of granularity of the target labels. With impressive coarse-grained and fine-grained classification results, our model introduces a strong baseline on the new Something-Something captioning task.


Bachelor thesis deals with the issue of an appropriate selection of the product of the Bank and nonbanks in the Slovak Republic from the perspective of the client. The first chapter is focused on the essence of the financial market in the Slovak Republic and its entities – Bank and nonbank. The second chapter is aimed at products selected by the Bank and nonbanks. The third chapter compares and analyzes the selected 2 specific entities from 4 the financial market products. Teh conclusion brings porposals selecting an appropriate product for the client on the basis of the results of analyses.


Modern vector of development of machining technologies aimed at the transition to environmentally safe technologies - "green" technologies. The concept of "green technology" includes a set of signs of knowledge intended for practical use ("technology"). One of the ways to improve the quality of production is the use of surface plastic deformation (SPD) processing methods. The advantage of the SPD is a capability to combine effects of finishing and strengthening treatment. The SPD processing can replace operations: fine turning, grinding or polishing. The SPD is a forceful contact impact of indentor on workpiece's surface in condition of their relative motion. It is difficult to implement the core technology of the SPD (burnishing, roller burnishing, etc.) while maintaining core technological advantages without the use of lubricating and cooling technology (metalworking fluids, MWF). The "green" SPD technology was developed by the authors for dry processing and has not such shortcomings. When processing with SPD without use of MWF requirements for tool's durability is most significant, especially in the conditions of mass production. It is important to determine the period of durability of tool at the design stage of the technological process with the purpose of wastage preventing. This paper represents the results of durability research of natural and synthetic diamonds (polycrystalline diamond - ASPK) as well as precision of polycrystalline superabrasive tools made of dense boron nitride (DBN) during SPD processing without application of MWF.


Steady two-dimensional transonic flow is calculated in cascades of compressor and turbine blades using a mesh of triangular finite elements. A velocity potential is used, the equations being solved by the Newton-Raphson technique. The resulting computer program is fast, and is shown to give good accuracy. Shock waves are well represented, provided they are not too strong.


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This study was embarked upon as an assessment of school principals' assertiveness on the school attendance of Nigerian female students living and working as maids. Eight research questions and eight null hypotheses guided the study. The survey research design was utilized for the study. The target population was the 257 school principals in the six education zones in Anambra State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling was utilized in selecting four education zones for the study, out of which 96 principals were selected as the sample of the study. A questionnaire was used to elicit information from these school principals and 82 of them duly filled and returned theirs. The research questions were answered using the statistical mean, while the null hypotheses were tested using the t-test statistic at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that that male principals did not have any knowledge of female students who work as housemaids or engage in commercial activities when they should be in school, and that both rural and urban school principals had limited knowledge of female students who work as maids in homes or in commercial ventures, among others. The hypotheses testing revealed that male and female school principals' knowledge of students who work housemaids or engage in commercial activities significantly differed, and also there was no significant difference in rural and urban location response ratings of school principals on their enforcement of school attendance for housemaids and female students used as labour in commercial activities. It was recommended that principals should show more interest in the personal lives of their students, as this could be contributory to their absenteeism from school, and that government should come out with a whitepaper on school attendance, the flouting of which would lead to sanctions against offending masters and mistresses of female students who work as maids in homes and in commercial ventures.


In this intervention I argue that, while it seems to be easy to distinguish between theory and social movements' action, from one point of view, theory is embedded within actors' ideational elements which orient their action. In order to present this argument in a comprehensible manner, I have to point out two crucial issues in relation with social movements: (a) the important role of ideational elements in the formation of a social movement, and (b) the segmentation of a collective actor called "social movement".


We present new low and high resolution spectroscopy and optical photometry of the star T Cha. From the low resolution spectroscopy we classify T Cha as a G8 type star. We also identify T Cha as the optical counterpart of the ROSAT allsky survey X-ray source RX J1157.2-7921. On the basis of the physical association with the Chamaeleon cloud complex, the erratic photometric variability and colour behaviour, the presence of Hα emission and of strong Li λ 6708 absorption line, as well as its position on the HR diagram, we establish unambiguously the low-mass PMS nature of the star. These characteristics, combined with an observed equivalent width of the Hα emission less than 10 A, suggest that the star can be classified as a weak-line T Tauri star


Purpose
This paper aims to offer Sitio San Roque, an informal settlement in the Philippines as a case study to explore long-term "forgetful" urban development planning in the Philippines, and the renewed visibility of the urban poor under COVID-19 lockdown. It connects scholarship on informality to issues of housing and political rights in Metro Manila to further investigate how vulnerable communities in the Global South are faring in the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
This is an exploration of Sitio San Roque, an informal settler community in Metropolitan "Metro" Manila, Philippines. This paper refers to recent journalistic reports pertaining to the community's ongoing evictions and arrests while under Metro Manila's "enhanced community quarantine." Furthermore, it converses with literature from disciplines including health-care policy, urban studies and recent studies on COVID-19 and vulnerable communities to critically discuss the plight of the urban poor in the pandemic-stricken Metro Manila.

Findings
The urban poor and members of informal communities such as Sitio San Roque are especially vulnerable to contracting COVID-19 because of precarious livelihoods and housing instability. The creation of informality in Metro Manila can be traced to political tensions, economic agendas and development planning since the time of Marcos' administration and also to global restructuring during the 1990s. However, also important to note is that under Metro Manila's lockdown, informal settlers are further disenfranchised and stigmatized via ongoing demolitions and evictions, as well as by processes of policing and criminalization by the state. The use of military and police personnel as a way to enforce lockdown in the metropolis further impedes on the rights of informal settlers and the urban poor.

Originality/value
Recent scholarship and reports discuss the challenges for informal communities and the urban poor in navigating the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly due to their housing conditions and loss of economic stability. This paper contributes to a critical understanding of these issues by adding the dimensions of political and housing rights. It refers to the case study of members of Sitio San Roque, who have experienced continuous threats of demolitions and arrests by state police for protesting the lack of government aid under lockdown. Both military approaches of governance and housing informality work in tandem to expose the vulnerabilities of the urban poor in Metro Manila's pandemic. Finally, this paper extends on urban studies scholar Gavin Shatkin's concept of "forgetful planning" (2004) by applying his discussions to the current context. Informal settlers have long been "forgotten" by the state's development plans, but are now remembered and deemed more visible in Metro Manila's ECQ.


The wastes that come out as a result of agricultural productions are disposed randomly without being utilized in more beneficial ways. While the types and amounts of such wastes differ, it is calculated that each of them has a great volume. Cut flower carnation wastes and spent mushroom compost have a serious potential in Turkey and especially in Antalya, increase soil fertility and has economic benefits, thanks to reduction in environmental pollution can be achieved by transforming agricultural wastes into a new product. In this study, the composts that are obtained as a result of the composting of organic wastes with various additives in varying ratios as well as the effects of organic materials on the dry matter contents and macro-micro element contents of the carnation plant (standard) were examined. The effect of composts and organic material applications on the dry matter and macro-micro element contents of the carnation plant was found to be statistically significant and increases were achieved in the dry matter contents and nutrient contents of the plant with composting and organic material applications. Dry matter contents in plants increased all organic applications. The mixture ratios of %50CW+ %25SMC+ %25PM (R4) and %25CW+ %75SMC (R3) were the applications that yielded the best results in many parameters despite the increases in other mixtures compared to the control group.


Objective To investigate the effects of intraoperative warming in promoting the recovery of the elderly patients from general anesthesia for laparotomy and in reducing the adverse effects related to the anesthesia.Methods Sixty elderly patients(ASA class I or II) undergoing laparotomy under general anesthesia were randomized into two equal groups.In control group,no additional thermal support was provided during the surgery,experimental group,intra-operative thermal support was administered to maintain the nasopharyngeal temperature using a warming blanket and electronic infusion fluid warming system,with the room temperature maintained between 23 and 28 ℃.The blood pressure,heart rate,and rectal temperature measured before,during and after the operation,and the extubation time,anesthesia recovery time,drainage volume,urinary volume,shivering and restless movement were all recorded for comparison between the two groups.Results In the elderly patients without intra-operative warming,the intra and post-operative blood pressure,heart rate and rectal temperature were significantly different from the preoperative recordings.Compared with patients with intra-operative warming,those without thermal support had significantly higher blood pressure,faster heart rate,delayed anesthesia recovery,and higher incidences of shivering and restless movements after the operation.Conclusion Intra-operative hypothermia may affect the nervous,endocrine and blood circulation systems in elderly patients,delay their anesthesia recovery,and increase the incidences of adverse effects related to anesthesia,which can be minimized by intra-operative monitoring the patients' body temperature with adequate measures for thermal support during the operation.