Summary: Intestines of newborn and postnatal young of female rats fed diets containing 4% or 24% casein during pregnancy were infused in vivo with 50 mM 14C-labeled 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), glycyl-1-L-leucine (GL), or 8% 3H-histidine-labeled casein in 5% glucose and physiologic saline. The amounts of each material removed from the lumen or absorbed and the amount retained by the intestinal tissue were expressed as a total amount and per g body weight and per enterocyte.Casein absorption was significantly reduced per absorptive cell in prenatally protein-deprived (PPD) young at birth, but there were no differences at 8 days of age. AIB absorption and retention were decreased in PPD newborn young compared to controls whether expressed as a total, or on the basis of body weight or per enterocyte. At 12 days, total retention and absorption were reduced in PPD young, but all other differences no longer existed. ACC absorption was reduced in PPD young, compared to controls, regardless of the means of expression. Retention of ACC per enterocyte was increased at birth compared to controls. These differences had disappeared by 8 days. GL retention was increased in PPD young compared to controls at birth, but not at 8 days.The data on casein absorption indicate that newborn PPD young are handicapped at some point in the process of digestion and absorption of protein. At birth, amino acid absorption is also affected. Active transport of amino acids may be affected in some way, such as by an effect on carrier protein, by a deficit of available energy for active transport. The high retention of dipeptide per enterocyte may be the consequence of a decreased ability of the enterocytes of PPD young to hydrolyze the dipeptide or may be the result of increased incorporation of these materials into mucosal protein. There is apparently a marked difference between the effects of intestinal absorption of prenatal protein deprivation and those of postnatal malnutrition. It is suggested that the competence of the enterocytes are reduced in newborn PPD young whereas animals whose prenatal nutrition was normal would begin life with a larger complement of fully differentiated absorptive cells and might therefore be capable of greater adaptation to the nutritional deficit.Speculation: The data presented demonstrate that maternal protein deficiency results in decreased absorption of protein and its digestion products in the intestine of newborn rat pups. This may contribute to an explanation of the postnatal growth retardation, high mortality rate, and reduced immunocompetence in these offspring. Further investigation is needed on the specific steps in the protein digestion and absorption process which are affected and on the procedures which might be used to compensate for the depressed absorption.


The invention relates to a synchronous transmission device and a 1*7 and 1*19 hybrid steel strand production line, aiming to provide a synchronous transmission device and a production line in which a rope skipping type strander and a tubular type strander are connected to realize production of a 1*7 and 1*19 hybrid steel strand and to reduce the production cost. In the synchronous transmission device, a transmission shaft of the tubular type strander is respectively connected with one end of a first elastic coupling and one end of a second elastic coupling; the other end of the first elastic coupling is connected with the output shaft of a variable frequency alternating current machine for driving the tubular type strander; the other end of the second elastic coupling is connected with the input shaft of a split type synchronizing gear transmission mechanism; a third elastic coupling is respectively connected with the transmission shaft of the rope skipping type strander and the output shaft of a variable frequency alternating current machine driving the rope skipping stranding machine; the other end of the rope skipping type strander is connected with a constant torque friction disc; and two ends of a universal joint shaft are respectively connected with the constant torque friction disc and the output shaft of the split type synchronizing gear transmission mechanism.


The water treatment at the household level is a viable option to guarantee safe drinking water, mainly in places where there is not a centralized water treatment system, the existing operates deficiently, or the region suffers prolonged drought periods. In this study, two household filtrations systems were evaluated during 6 months: a ceramic one candle filter (1VC) and a ceramic two candles filter (2VC). The performance of the two filters was evaluated in terms of turbidity and E. coli removal as well as considering economical, operating and maintenance aspects. The raw water quality was simulated using a synthetic substrate with averages turbidity and E. coli values of 32.7±2.8 NTU and 3.9±105 CFU/100 ml respectively. The effluent of both filters had average turbidity values of 0.28 NTU (99 % efficiency). The observed average removal of E. coli in both systems was between 99.999 and 100 %.No statistical differences in terms of filtered water quality were observed between the systems. However, there were evident differences in economical, operative and maintenance aspects.


This study designed an identification electrical loads/devices system using 3 machine learning models which are Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Decision Tree algorithms. The system was applied for monitoring the use of electrical devices that are operating in order to find out the indications of waste. Data collection and testing of electrical devices was carried out using 7 electronic devices, namely rice cookers, laptops, lamps, hair dryers, fans, dispensers, and phone chargers. This study integrated EMG25, Current Transformer MSQ-30, electrical devices, USB Module RS-485 and Raspberry Pi3 for data processing, forming system models by algorithms and testing system identification. This research produced a system model of three algorithm Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Decision Tree with an accuracy of 93.5%, 95,5% and 92.5% respectively and wall time 0.489, 0.337, and 0.0278 second it was proven to be able to identify electrical devices that were operating correctly based on data characteristics.


The surfacial state of the lead coated steel by hot dipping and its coating mechanism are investigated. The author thought that it was an effective method both theoretically and practically to estimate the surfacial state of the specimen by measuring the electrode potential, however, it seemed to be much influenced by many factors. The results obtained are as follows:1). The steel specimen is coated very nicely when dipped into the lead melt of a bit higher temperature than the melting point.2). According to dipping time, the coating mechanism was found to be divided into two steps, namely the primary coating and the secondary coating, the former being made chiefly by the reaction of the used flux. The flux used works effectively at the beginning of coating reaction and the primary coating ends in two minutes. The thicker the specimen, the more excellently it is coated in the primary coating. The latter is made by direct intermetallic reaction requiring rather long dipping time, e. g., about five minutes.3). If the flux is used in solution of SbCl3, the specimen had better be immersed into it for a short time at room temperature, but in that of ZnCl2, SnCl2 or NH4Cl at raised temperature, for which the treatment time is little responsible.


Starting from the definition of information literacy, this paper discusses on the necessity of increasing information literacy of university librarians, and based on comparison of the superiorities of university library in training the librarians with high- information literacy, probes into the connotation of the information literacy of university librarians.


Cis-3 and 3,5-substituted pyrrolizidines can be prepared from β-enaminolactones. Substituted pyrrolidinoketones lead to these compounds by an amino reductive annelation with a low diastereomeric excess, but a best access to these azabicycles consists in preparing cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines which are then transformed into the expected heterocycles.


Purpose: While radiation‐induced differentiation is common in many cell types it has been shown (Ikeda et al. 2000) that irradiation inhibits differentiation of murine myoblast cell line C2C12. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon we looked into the role of the non‐receptor tyrosine kinase c‐Abl. Material and methods: C‐Abl activity was determined using an immune‐complex kinase assay and the functional role of c‐Abl activity was assessed by using the kinase inhibitor STI 571 (GleevecTM) and by transfecting a dominant negative c‐Abl mutant (K290R). Results: We found an up‐regulation of c‐Abl activity 6 h after differentiation induction when compared to uninduced control cells. Exposure of C2C12 cells to ionizing radiation, which inhibits myotube formation, inhibited this up‐regulation. Transfected dominant negative c‐Abl as well as STI 571 treatment and ionizing radiation inhibited myotube formation but did not significantly suppress the expression of the muscle‐specific transcription factor Myogenin or of the differentiation marker Myosin heavy chain. Conclusions: These data suggest that c‐Abl is involved in the radiation‐induced inhibition of myoblast differentiation and lead to the hypothesis that c‐Abl plays a role in late events during myogenic differentiation probably in the process of myoblast fusion.


The interest of this paper is to review the manifesto of Sant'Elia, the writing itself, and from that examination, make some connections in order to recognize both postures antecedents identified as probable roots of this movement, the possible consequences of the proposals contained in the document.


Owing to the strong oxidizing and reducing properties of hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2), it has been widely used in many fields. In particular, H2O2 is widely used in the aseptic
packaging of drinks and milk. The residue of H2O2 in food is harmful to human health. Therefore, the
quantitative detection of H2O2 is of great practical significance.

The Ag-Au/RGO/TiO2 nanocomposites were facilely synthesized by photo-reduction approach.
Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy
were used to characterize the synthesized Ag-Au/RGO/TiO2 nanocomposites. Cyclic voltammetry
was used to analyze the electrochemical behavior of H2O2 on the Ag-Au/RGO/TiO2/GCE.
Amperometry was applied for quantitative determination of the concentration of H2O2.

A novel Ag-Au/RGO/TiO2/GCE was prepared. The Ag-Au/RGO/TiO2/GCE displayed high
electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 reduction. An electrochemical reduction peak of H2O2 was
achieved on the Ag-Au/RGO/TiO2/GCE. The current responses were linear with the concentrations
of H2O2 in the range of 0.01-30 mM with the detection limit of 3.0 μM (S/N = 3).

 An amperometric sensor has been prepared for H2O2 detection using Ag-
Au/RGO/TiO2/GCE. The Ag-Au/RGO/TiO2/GCE shows good performance for the determination of
H2O2. The proposed sensor exhibits good selectivity and stability.


SUMMARY A straight female author of Western romances discusses online subculture of "slash fiction" and fans who reinvent pop-culture film and television characters as bisexual men. The author explores the underground nature of women's interest in male sexuality and argues that bisexual men have a central place in the imagination of a small but growing women's community.


1. Eight hundred progenies derived from single panicles of Poa pratensis collected in twenty-seven states of the United States were studied in the seasons 1941-1944 at Madison, Wisconsin. These included 541 Wisconsin collections. All were grown in spaced nursery rows. 2. Progenies from the United States were classified according to the geographic region from which the parent seed was collected. Observations were obtained for percentage of aberrant plants, early vigor, growth habit, aggressiveness, leafiness, maturity, late vigor, plant height, and reactions to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), leaf rust (Puccinia poae-sudeticae), and leaf spot (Helminthos porium vagans). Progenies from Wisconsin sources were grouped according to soil area, length of the growing season, and geographic area where parental seed was collected. 3. Among all progenies, 75.8% included some aberrant plants. The average percentage of segregation based upon the total progeny number was 16.5. When only segregating progenies were included, this value was 20.5%. 4. Differences among regions of the United States in percentage of segregation were generally large. No close association of such differences with regional, soil, or climatological variations could be established, although interior or continental regions showed generally lower percentages of aberrant types. 5. Collections grouped by regions of the United States were generally similar to one another in variation of early vigor, growth habit, and aggressiveness. Leafiness, late vigor, and relative maturity varied more extensively among regional groups. Lots from the East Central region were generally less aggressive; those from the Northeastern and North Pacific areas were more leafy; collections from the Northern Plains and the Northern Great Basin were of earlier maturity; and progenies from the Northern Plains and Central Plains were relatively more vigorous. 6. Differences among progenies derived from the various soil areas in Wisconsin were generally small. When grouped according to the length of the growing season in the locality of collection, significant differences in percentages of segregation were found, with the 140-150-day class having a high value. Strains from areas having longer growing seasons were generally somewhat higher in percentages of aberrants than those from areas of shorter seasons. The comparison by geographical regions indicated that the Eastern Ridge and Lowlands area and the Western Upland area of Wisconsin were significantly higher in percentages of aberrants than were other areas. 7. Classifications of Wisconsin collections for morphological characters showed a generally great diversity for behavior among lots from different soil areas. Frequency distributions were similar for early vigor and leafiness for the different soils and were somewhat less so for growth habit; those for aggressiveness, maturity, and late vigor were highly dissimilar. Based upon average length of the growing season, distributions for the several characters were generally comparable with those for the soil classification. Frequency distributions for early vigor, growth habit, and leafiness were most similar. The classification for maturity showed least relation to length of growing season. Grouping on the basis of geographical areas resulted in frequencies relatively similar to those for soil and growing seasons. Classification by plant height suggested no particular relationships to region of origin in the United States. In the Wisconsin collections analysis by soil and geographic regions did not indicate prominent differences in relative frequencies of plants with respect to height. When grouped by growing seasons, the 100-110- and 130-140-day lots exhibited relatively lower frequencies of intermediate types, though this was of questionable significance. 8. Collections from the United States varied irregularly in frequency distributions for reaction to powdery mildew. Lots from different regions appeared to differ markedly in proportionate frequencies of resistant and susceptible types. Approximately 34% of the progenies were observed to be mildew-free, whereas 12% were very susceptible. Reaction to leaf rust was generally similar among groups of strains from the various regions of the United States. Of the progenies, 14% were classified as rust-free and 66% as resistant. 9. Classification of Wisconsin collections with respect to soil of origin showed certain prominent differences to exist among soil areas in the character of the distributions among disease-reaction classes. In general, however, distribution for the three kinds of diseases were similar. Considering reaction to leaf rust, collections from certain heavier soil areas were relatively more susceptible to disease than those from others. When classified according to length of the growing season, little relation was shown between length of season and relative frequencies of reaction types, though occasional exceptions occurred. No consistent relation between length of growing season and relative disease resistance was found. Collections grouped according to geographic regions exhibited no significant differences in reaction to diseases.


Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful medical diagnostic and research tool that enables us to identify metabolite concentrations in a region of interest (ROI) in-vivo. This non-invasive diagnostic technique provides a large amount of information about a certain region in the body, such as the brain or spinal cord, with no impact on patient wellbeing. MRS is readily available in many clinical units across the UK with an MRI machine and no additional hardware is needed.
MRS has a number of challenges, including the requirement of a much higher level of magnetic field calibration compared to MRI, and detecting and analysing a substantially weaker signal per metabolite. To complicate the matter, there is a broad range of metabolites found in-vivo with overlapping proton spectra, obscuring signals and making spectral analysis very challenging.
The primary focus of this thesis is to explore methods to aid quantification of metabolites by exploring two ends of the issue, focusing specifically on GABA, NAA, Creatine quantification, of interest to a range of neuroscience studies. Firstly, the focus is on the analysis of the acquired spectral data utilizing the MEGA-PRESS pulse sequence, specifically aimed at GABA. Comprehensively benchmarking the current state-of-the-art spectral quantification methods with experimental data from phantoms of known composition lays the foundation for devising an improved quantification technique. This novel quantification method utilises a convolutional neural network for MEGA-PRESS spectra and can outperform the state-of-the-art.
Secondly, an optimisation method to find RF pulses that create specific excitations in the metabolites is devised, leading to spectra that are simpler to analyse. Such customisation of the spectra allows the removal of overlapping or obscuring features, creating chemically selective spectral acquisition methods. Moreover, the RF pulses are optimised over a range of scanner uncertainties to improve robustness. Simulations demonstrate that this approach can separate GABA, NAA and Creatine as well as Glutamine and Glutamate at 3 Tesla.


The binding of methyl orange, ethyl orange, and propyl orange by polycations involving various apolar pendant groups has been investigated in thee presence of sodium chloride by the equilibrium dialysis method. The polycations used in this experiment were copolymer of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and sulfur dioxide (PAS-1), copolymer of diethyldliallylammonium chloride and sulfur dioxide (PAS-2), and copolymer of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and sulfur dioxide (80%)-methyldodecylbenzyldiallylammonium chloride and sulfur dioxide (20%) (PAS-4). The first binding constants and the thermodynamic parameters for the binding were calculated in various concentrations of NaCl in order to clarify the effects of the salt on the binding behaviors and to gain some insight into the nature of binding energy.It was found that the first binding constants decrease with an increase in the salt concentration and tend to approach a constant value above 1.0 mole NaCl. This might be due to the shielding of the electric field around the binding system on addition of the salt and the competition between the dye anion and Cl- ion for loci of cationic attachment on the polymer molecules. Therefore, it is likely that the electrostatic force in the binding decreases with increasing salt concentration and then disappears around 1.0 mole NaCl or above. Thus, the electrostatic force for the binding of methyl orange by PAS-2 was estimated to be -3210 cal and the other binding forces -4980 cal. The hydrophobic interaction in addition to the electrostatic one seems to play an important role in the binding. The change in conformation of the polymer induced by the addition of the salt and the effect of the conformational change on the binding forces are discussed. Also the intrinsic binding constant of the polycation for Cl- ion was evaluated from a binding isotherm introduced for two competitive binding species, dye anion and Cl- ion.


More than two hundred fifty cases of the aged of more than 60 year old were studied about relationship between degree of spinal curvature of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar as well as cervical lordosis and tilting of the sacrum. Significant co-efficient of co-relations were demonstrated in balanced type of the spinal posture between degree of tilting of superior surface of the sacrum and lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, as well as thoracic kyphosis and cervical lordosis. It would be admitted that the curvatures of every part of the spinal column have an influence to each other in balanced type of the posture. In many of severe kyphosis, there have been observed an extension contracture of the cervical and lumbar spine, which showed a limitation of flexion. Electromyography by surface electrode revealed high action potential from lumbar and/ or cervical extensors during standing in case of imbalanced, especially in lumbar and dorsolumbar kyphosis, and gives better informations for treatment.


Summary Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) under New Zealand conditions may contain up to 6.6% pectin. The metabolism of this pectin by rumen micro-organisms has been investigated. Rumen bacteria and protozoa contain pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase. The galacturonic acid produced by these enzymes is utilised by the organisms with the formation of gas and a mixture of acids, acetic acid being the main acid formed. Gas produced by fermentation of pectin by rumen liquor seems to be due to the action of bacteria rather than of protozoa. The initial rapid gas production from pectin is probably the result of pectin esterase activity in unmasking carboxyl groups. Fermentation of clover fibre by rumen liquor produced abundant gas, the protozoa hadng a marked effect on the rate of gas release.The substances in the fibre responsible for the gas formation are not pectic substances alone, but may include the hemicellulose fraction.


The main aim of the social affairs section of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, in organising this workshop, was to analyse the economic aspects of the situation of women in African urban areas, and their importance in general economic development. Twenty-four women had been invited from as many African countries, representing the whole range of modern activities; 14 of them came, with another 10 representing the various regions of Nigeria, and more than 50 observers.


Duplication in source code can have a major negative impact on the maintainability of source code, as it creates implicit dependencies between fragments of code. Such implicit dependencies often cause bugs and increase maintenance efforts. In this study, we look into the opportunities to automatically refactor these duplication problems for objectoriented programming languages. We propose a method to detect clones that are suitable for refactoring. This method focuses on the context and scope of clones, ensuring our refactoring improves the design and does not create side effects. Our intermediate results indicate that more than half of the duplication in code is related to each other through inheritance, making it easier to refactor these clones in a clean way. About 40 percent of the duplication can be refactored through method extraction, while other clones require other refactoring techniques or further transformations. Future measurements will provide further insight into what clones should be refactored to improve the design of software systems.


Synopsis : A new technical method has been developed on the analytical system which can provide us with the information about the phase of nonmetallic elements, such as carbon, sulfur and nitrogen, in steel. When a finely-milled steel sample is isochronally heated in a hydrogen stream, nonmetallic elements react with hydrogen forming hydride-gases. The hydrides are at real-time analysed by a mass-spectrometer in relation to the heating temperature. From the temperature and the amount of gas detected, the phase of nonmetallic elements in steel is analysed.


Even before Koussevitsky, in 1929, had commissioned Igor Stra vinsky to compose a symphonic work celebrating the fiftieth anniver sary of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, Stravinsky " had had the psalm symphony idea in mind for some time." 1 Thus, he seized the commission as an opportunity to develop this idea. From its inception, the Symphony of Psalms has existed as an insepar able unity of text and music. The element characterizing this unity is dialogue, resonating in patterns of invocation and response in the psalms, and in structures of repetition and variation in the music. Dialogue is conceptualized even in the most basic choral structure of the Symphony of Psalms. As Stravinsky " intended it to be a work of considerable contrapuntal development, he decided to choose ' a choral and instrumental ensemble in which the two elements should be on an equal footing, neither of them outweighing the other.'"2 The idea of dialogue embodied in the Symphony of Psalms reflects Stravinsky's conclusion, as stated in his Poetics of Music, that music " comes to reveal itself as a form of communion with our fellow man— and with the Supreme Being."3 Stravinsky seems to have been fascinated with the intersection of music and religious language: as a motto for a book of interviews with Robert Craft, he " adopts Kassner's phrase, ' In the Kingdom of the Father, there is no drama but only dialogue, which is disguised monologue.' "4 Indeed, the preface to the Symphony of Psalms is a symbolic projection of Stravinsky's religious/musical concept of dialogue: " Cette symphonie


Russian exploration in the 17th century attracted the attention of twentieth-century geographers, a fact that also resulted in a series of translations of texts produced by Russian embassies in the Far East, especially those beginning to deal with the Qi


The reduction of iron in hematite and process coupling of cementing material generated from gangue components are explored in this paper, and a technical proposal for preparing directly reduced iron and cementing materials considering the processes of energy and material flows is proposed. An experimental study preparing cementing materials, such as tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate, by roasting the components, was performed. In this study, hematite was used as the raw material and powdered carbon was added, as the reducing agent, with CaO; at the same time, the gangue components of iron ore were used as the principal raw materials for the process of directly reduced iron preparation by direct reduction of iron ore. The FactSage software package was used to perform thermodynamic calculations of the reduction of iron and its influence on the formation of tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate. The feasibility of the direct reduction of iron to elemental iron and preparation of cementing materials by roasting of gangue components under the studied thermodynamic conditions was discussed. Different temperature control strategies were used to verify the reaction coupling test. The results showed that zero-valent iron could be produced by roasting and reducing hematite under certain experimental conditions, and cementing materials, such as tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate, could be produced simultaneously by reacting the gangue components with CaO. Fe2O3 exerted an adverse effect on the formation of tricalcium silicate, and sufficient reduction of the iron was a precondition for the formation and stability of tricalcium silicate.


The purpose of the article is to provide methodology for implementation of internal market risk determination and financial portfolio management model. Due to the fact that Value-at-Risk is being heavily criticized the authors propose an other alternative downside risk measures (Lower Partial Moments) that can be used as appropriate risk measure tool for portfolio construction purpose as they are capable to provide to effective and efficient decision making process in the context of portfolio management, the particular method is proposed as internal model for Latvian insurance companies that are managing equity portfolios consisting of a few titles. The paper describes equity portfolio management process as four steps process and come up with internal model for Latvian insurance companies that are managing small equity portfolios, in accordance with Solvency II requirements coming into force by 1 January 2013.


Through applying an improved BP(back propagation) algorithm to city consume,a BP model is built.At the same time,a assessment system of city consume based on ANN is designed,and the results of application show that the algorithm is of high speed for convergence and of high accuracy for prediction and is an effective predictive method.


The European Commission has put forward a proposal for a Council regulation aimed at 'temporary Supporttomitigate Unemployment Risksinan Emergency(SURE)followingthe COVID-19 outbreak'.1 This is not the place to discuss political or financial implications of theideaofaBasicEuropeanUnemploymentInsurance.2 Butitgivestheopportunitytohave a look at options for short-time work compensation, based on a case study of the German model,andtheStateaidrelevanceofsuchcompensation. © 2020, Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. All rights reserved.


Psychiatric hospitals with unit systems differ in productivity, as measured by an increase in turnover rates and a decrease in long-term residents. A study of 39 VA hospitals revealed that the most productive had special placement programs, smaller treatment units, and competition between unit staff. The ten most productive hospitals also had more applied research, a higher percentage of patients on unclassified units, and a higher ratio of social workers to patients than did the ten least productive hospitals. Despite generally favorable staff reaction to the unit system and increased hospital productivity, there are signs that VA hospitals are moving toward more specialized treatment wards.


A low ether gel composition for application to skin comprising a keratolytic agent, in particular salicylic acid, and comprising a nitrocellulose and one or more volatile ingredients, which forms a film on contact with skin adequate to form a protective barrier for the keratolytic agent for a period of time necessary to provide treatment to the skin; methods of treating using such compositions, and dispensers containing such compositions.


A NEW INTERPRETATION OF TOPOGRAPHY AND FACIES OF THE UPPERMOST ROTLIEGENDES IN THE FORE-SUDETIC AREA

Summary
The paleotectonic analysis applied to the Upper Rotliegendes deposits (understood as separate allostratigraphic units and previously subdivided into three sedimentary cycles caused by the Saalic diastrophism) allowed not only to render the paleogeography of the basin but also to describe the sedimentary processes which took place in particular parts of the Permian basin in Middle and Northern Europe. In the present paper the method of the paleotectonic analysis has been demonstrated with regard to the final stage of the Saxonian sedimentation (the IIIrd cycle) when the sedimentary conditions were almost equal all over the early-Permian basin although the sedimentation was continued in few subbasins situated on different levels. Basing on the thickness and distribution of two typical fragments of the IIIrd cycle which are known as strictly homogenous deposits of fluvial, eolian or lacustrine facies, it becomes possible to define the desert sedimentary environment precisely. The proposed interpretation of the Upper Saxonian topography and facies allowed to present the third paleogeographic image of the Fore-Sudetic area during the final phase of the Upper Rotliegendes. The former interpretations have been discussed, too (J. Pokorski and Polish-Soviet crew). The new one presises different paleogeographic units of the final Upper Rotliegendes known from several former papers. The distribution of the Uppermost Rotliegendes eolian deposits has been presented for the first time. In the eastern as well as in the western-marginal parts (facies) of the Middle European early Permian basin there are widespread eolian sandstones of dune origin.


The activated sludge process is the most common unit operation for the oxidation of organic waste. Its objective is to convert organic materials into a flocculent microbial suspension in an aerator that settles well in clarifiers. A distributed parameter model described by a set of partial differential equations is formulated in this work for a typical aerator followed by the development of a computational algorithm, based on an orthogonal collocation approach for numerical computations. Steady-state and dynamic simulations are performed to determine the appropriate Peclet number for this process. The behaviour of the activated sludge process is successfully predicted. The system configuration employed considers back mixing or intermixing, which can represent the actual process more accurately than the idealised flow schemes commonly employed for the design of activated sludge reactors. Using the distributed parameter model, Peclet numbers in the order of 0.5 to 0.8 and 4 or 5 collocation points are recommended for modelling and design of activated sludge processes treating municipal waste water. Predicted transient properties due to disturbances are also demonstrated in this study.


The search for versatile materials that associate high corrosion resistance and high mechanical properties in severe environments, in order to meet the more demanding operational conditions has become a challenge for the petrochemical, thermoelectric, naval and other industries. In this context, weld overlay with nickel-based alloys becomes an interesting option for construction and repair of equipments for applications in severe corrosion environments, allowing to achieve the desired characteristics with significant cost reduction. In specific applications the high overlay dilution must be controlled due to high iron content encountered. The objective of this work is to evaluate the intergranular and pitting corrosion of the alloy UNS N06625, with different dilution values, deposited through Plasma Transferred Arc with Powder (PTA-P) welding technique on an ASTM A36 carbon steel substrate. With the evaluation and characterization of the alloy UNS N06625 aimed the comprehension of the dilution effect on the coating microstructure and properties. The mechanical properties tests were analyzed through microhardness tests. The microstructural characterization consisted of analyses with the optical microscope, with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and chemical composition with the EDS module. Double-Loop Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation Test (DL-EPR) and Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization tests were done to evaluate intergranular and pitting corrosion resistance, respectively. With this work it was possible to observe that the dilution difference influences in a smooth way in the coating microhardness. The microstructures presented aγ matrix with secondary interdendritic phases. The coatings did not present intergranular corrosion in the test conditions and the pitting corrosion susceptibility was able to be evaluated only through the hysteresis presented in the polarization curves.


The sigmoid activation function cast-off to convert the equal of activation of units (neurons) in the output indicator. There are a numeral of mutual tasks in activation with the use of artificial neural networks (ANN). The maximum communal use of manifold functions to Multi Layered Perceptron (MLP) and the transmission of professions in research and engineering. However, given the wide range of problematic fields are applied in the MLP, it is interesting to suspect that the detailed difficulties that require one or exact activation utilities of the group. The aim of this paper is to consider the presentation of buildings MLP generalized who appeared deployment algorithm by numerous dissimilar functions to activate the sigmoid neurons of the hidden and output layers.


Importance Airway transplantation could be an option for patients with proximal lung tumor or with end-stage tracheobronchial disease. New methods for airway transplantation remain highly controversial. Objective To establish the feasibility of airway bioengineering using a technique based on the implantation of stented aortic matrices. Design, Setting, and Participants Uncontrolled single-center cohort study including 20 patients with end-stage tracheal lesions or with proximal lung tumors requiring a pneumonectomy. The study was conducted in Paris, France, from October 2009 through February 2017; final follow-up for all patients occurred on November 2, 2017. Exposures Radical resection of the lesions was performed using standard surgical techniques. After resection, airway reconstruction was performed using a human cryopreserved (−80°C) aortic allograft, which was not matched by the ABO and leukocyte antigen systems. To prevent airway collapse, a custom-made stent was inserted into the allograft. In patients with proximal lung tumors, the lung-sparing intervention of bronchial transplantation was used. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. The secondary outcome was 90-day morbidity. Results Twenty patients were included in the study (mean age, 54.9 years; age range, 24-79 years; 13 men [65%]). Thirteen patients underwent tracheal (n = 5), bronchial (n = 7), or carinal (n = 1) transplantation. Airway transplantation was not performed in 7 patients for the following reasons: medical contraindication (n = 1), unavoidable pneumonectomy (n = 1), exploratory thoracotomy only (n = 2), and a lobectomy or bilobectomy was possible (n = 3). Among the 20 patients initially included, the overall 90-day mortality rate was 5% (1 patient underwent a carinal transplantation and died). No mortality at 90 days was observed among patients who underwent tracheal or bronchial reconstruction. Among the 13 patients who underwent airway transplantation, major 90-day morbidity events occurred in 4 (30.8%) and included laryngeal edema, acute lung edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and atrial fibrillation. There was no adverse event directly related to the surgical technique. Stent removal was performed at a postoperative mean of 18.2 months. At a median follow-up of 3 years 11 months, 10 of the 13 patients (76.9%) were alive. Of these 10 patients, 8 (80%) breathed normally through newly formed airways after stent removal. Regeneration of epithelium and de novo generation of cartilage were observed within aortic matrices from recipient cells. Conclusions and Relevance In this uncontrolled study, airway bioengineering using stented aortic matrices demonstrated feasibility for complex tracheal and bronchial reconstruction. Further research is needed to assess efficacy and safety. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01331863


The foreign trade targets of GTP I have not been achieved, as can be seen in the leather sector that achieved only 30% of export targets by 2013/14. The core objective of this study is to model the level of foreign trade in Ethiopia, study the factors that influence its growth, and make recommendations. The study makes use of data for 1986/87 to 2013/14 from the National Bank of Ethiopia. Analysis is made using the Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA) model in STATA. Testing for stationarity, obtainingstationarity, model identification (selection), model estimation and diagnostic were made, and the fitted model was assessed. The model selected for export was ARIMA (0, 1, 3) and for import ARIMA (0, 1, 5). The projected forecasted value of exports is 276 Billion Birr by 2023/24, and for import 1,214 Billion. Foreign trade deficit of Ethiopia is also expected to increase. Major challenges in foreign trade are the low level of foreign trade condition, restrictive logistics, high maritime cost, high number of procedures needed, low access to credit, and world price volatility. Ethiopia has to overcome the above challenges in order to achieve the high level of foreign trade targets set in GTP II.


This paper presents the latest release of the system TRIADIGIT for Automatic Aerotriangulation jointly developed at the Politecnico di Milano and at the University of Parma. The system is made up of three main modules: automatic location, measurement and identification of fiducial marks (inner orientation); automatic tie point extraction; assisted ground control point measurement. Here the second module is analyzed in detail, describing the procedure for tie point selection and transfer, for improving the number of multi-ray points and for outlier rejection. Results of a series of experimental tests are reported, showing the performances of the system in dealing with block featuring different scale, image content, topography and texture.


Concrete has excellent characteristics as building
material and functions relatively well; but it has many
 problems concerning too heavy weight of the structures.
 Accordingly, it is the assignment for study in the part
 of building materials to lighten and high strengthen the
 weight of concrete structures in order to improve those
weak points: and it seems one of the representative
 solutions to develop the high strength light-weight
aggregate concrete.
The compressive strength of concrete were experimented,
and the conclusion was made as follows: (1)As the result
of the substitutional use of the sand as the fine aggregate,
 the unit-weight became 1.77t/m3-1.96t/m3 and the compressive
 strength became 210kg/cm2-352kg/cm (2)In the present
experiments, the mixture which has excellent strength
revelation and satisfactory workability was made when the
unit-cement-weight was 550kg/m3, W/C 35%, the fine aggregate
mixing rate was 45%, and the silica fume mixing rate was 20%.
 It showed the compressive strength 344kg/cm2-352kg/cm2.


Microscopes are essential imaging tools for accessing micro scale information in several contexts, including routine visual analysis for cell culture. As an alternative to traditional optical microscopic instrumentation, lens-free microscopy is an emerging modality, which is efficient to provide portable apparatus that provides images with decoupling resolution from the field of view. This paper presents compact and easy-to-use imaging equipment based on optical lens-free holographic microscopy, which performs amplitude and phase images from a sequence of captured images at different distances from the sample, resulting in images with almost 30 square millimeters and 4 micrometers of resolution.


a GOAL South Sudan b GOAL Head Quarters Malnutrition is a major health problem in South Sudan, especially in young children and pregnantlactating women (PLW). It is often compounded by other illnesses, contributing to high mortality rates in pre-school children. In addition to the well-recognized manifestations of acute malnutrition, kwashiorkor and marasmus, rates of stunting are high, and various micronutrient deficiencies, including those of vitamin A, iron, iodine and zinc are prevalent. There are multiple causes of malnutrition in GOAL's operational areas, which are typical of many locations across South Sudan. UNICEF's conceptual framework of malnutrition [1] describes the underlying causes of malnutrition as 'inadequate food security', 'poor sanitation and hygiene' and 'inadequate care practices'. All of which contribute to the high levels of malnutrition in GOALsupported sites, making it a difficult issue to address. Poor levels of sanitation through minimal latrine usage, low rates of exclusive breastfeeding for children up to 6 months and poor food quantity and diversity in the household are the underlying causes seen in GOALassisted areas. Thus, GOAL projects are carried out at the same time as other multi-sectoral activities, each targeting different identified issues. Cookery demonstrations aim to address the cause of poor household food supply and diversity. This is done by promoting a high-energy nutrient-rich meal for children aged 6-59 months and pregnant/ lactating women. The typical diet is based mainly on cereals and so, in order to improve the vitamin and mineral content, we encourage the addition of fruits and vegetables. Before designing recipes, the GOAL team visits homes and surveys markets to see what is grown and available in each season and, thereafter, what is accessible in terms of cost. The team works with community representatives to see what would be acceptable, and then examines nutrient values of the recommended foods to identify recipes that provide 'balanced' meals. The recipe given below is an example of one that we designed in this way, but this will vary during the year. For some time it has been recognized that inpatient care is not the ideal place for treating children with acute malnutrition without medical complications.It is cheaper and more effective to look after these children in the community, through Outpatient Therapeutic Programmes (OTPs), (which address Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)) and other community-based programmes such as GOAL's Nutrition Impact and Positive Practice (NIPP) circles (which tackle both curative and preventative issues of Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM)). Through these activities parents have an opportunity to learn, by active participation, the simple principles of child care and feeding.


This paper examines the role of primary fiscal balances as a signaling device in a world in which investors are uncertain about the sovereign's commitment to honor its obligations. Based on the Drudi-Prati model that rationalizes delayed stabilization and debt accumulation, we verify the existence of a rating (sovereign spreads) function that depends negatively (positively) on the debt ratio and negatively (positively) on the primary balance. This relationship, however, is non-monotonic and is conditioned on a threshold debt level. At low debt levels, the primary balance has an ambiguous relationship with sovereign spreads, but as debt increases, the primary balance's effect on spreads is magnified. Beyond a given threshold, the committed sovereign has the incentive to tighten fiscal policy, while the weak government does not. Using data for Argentina, Brazil, and Turkey, for the period 1994-2007, we show that during their most recent crises, Brazil and Turkey can be characterized as dependable (in Drudi-Prati's terminology), while Argentina's incentives to use the primary balance in the late nineties were not as determinant. The explanatory power of the model improves by allowing heteroskedasticity in the shocks to each country and heterogeneity across countries in the coefficient estimates. Hence, though spreads react to debt levels and to primary balances in these countries, they do so with different intensity.


SUMMARY Higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly being encouraged to develop links with and address the lifelong learning needs of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Experience to date suggests that HEIs find this a particularly difficult task. This paper sets out to raise some of the issues which need to be considered when marketing continuing vocational education (CVE) to SMEs. It draws on the University of North London's (UNL) own experience of working with SMEs, and the results of a UNL survey of other institutions and focus group discussions with managers and employees from a range of small businesses. The paper also looks at the reasons why HEIs should be working with SMEs, and which SMEs are most likely to be interested in CVE. It highlights some of the barriers which need to be overcome, and suggests strategies which HEIs can adopt to develop closer links with SMEs. Key aspects of programme design are covered, including price, content, structure and accreditation, and a variet...


Charles Tilly has recently shown that the revolutions of 1830 and of 1848 in France were starting points, and not the culminations, of major popular movements. Eric Hobsbawm, in drawing the same conclusion about the Great French Revolution, has suggested that we might learn more about the causes of the Revolution by examining the years that followed it instead of the years that preceded it. For some time, a group of young American historians of France has been doing just that. Bernard Moss has traced the influence of the French Revolution into the July Monarchy by showing that the Sociite des droits de I'homme, founded in November, 1831, consciously imitated the Jacobins. The professions best represented in that society, according to Moss, were the luxury trades whose members were skilled artisans. The members of the Societe des droits de I'homme were: shoemakers (4%), tailors (7%), jewelers (6%), joiners (6%), crafters of articles de Paris (4.5%). These artisans, almost all of whom were literate and had fixed domiciles, wanted to win by means of producers' associations what they had not been able to win in the 1830 Revolution. Disillusioned by the July Monarchy, they dreamed of a Robespierrist republic where workers would own their own tools and where state-owned banks would lend to salaried workers the capital they would need to own their means of production. Moss sees in these producers' associations proposed by the Societe des droits de I'homme a source of republican socialism. The research of Christopher Johnson on Cabetism during the 1840's supports the conclusions of Moss on the years 1830-33. The Icarian followers of Etienne Cabet in the 1 840's were tailors (18%), shoemakers (17%), joiners (5.5%), building workers (8%), weavers (17c), jewelers (2%) — that is, they were skilled workers in the traditional artisan crafts (76%). These workers had adopted Cabet's communist ideas in order to defend themselves against changes in their professions: the tailors were fighting against the growth of the ready-to-wear industry, or confection, the weavers were opposing the new Jacquard looms, and so on. By Icarian means these workers wanted to take control over their industries and thus protect their future. Johnson shows the primary role played by the workers' sense of dignity. Thus the industrial North, even though conditions there were miserable, harbored very few Icarian communists, while relatively prosperous Lyon swarmed with them. Johnson shows that these workers were using communism to protect their careers, their rights, and their dignity, as well as morality and Christianity. But the works of Moss and Johnson only deal with isolated movements that had few militants: about 3,000 for the Socie'te' des droits de I'homme and perhaps 4,000 militant Icarians. Robert Bezucha has shown that in Lyon the workers generally did not want to seize control of the Industrial Revolution; they wanted instead to fight against it blindly. According to Bezucha the revolt of the Lyon canuts, or silkweavers, in 1834 had been an economic movement and not a republican one. The movements of the canuts and of the republicans in April 1834 had been parallel but not linked. The canuts wanted neither republicanism nor socialism, but rather a rate of payment high enough to preserve their special place in Lyon society, which they saw as superior to that of unskilled laborers. They invoked republican slogans in order to demand "the protection, frequently exaggerated in their minds, that they had enjoyed under the Old


Niemi et al 's ([2004][1]) report does not truly address the implications of their findings. Their clinical implications (p. 16) summarise their results, but one fails to draw clinical sense of it or be in a position to use the information in clinical practice. One could be cynical about their


Accelerated tests are needed for evaluating the suitability of materials for use in the complex marine environments. Some of the problems associated with the development of these tests are discussed. Synthetic environments and accelerated tests should be used with caution because of the many factors that can influence results. Even if a correlation is found for a specific material, the results should not be applied to the use of other materials in the same environment.


A coupled 2D-3D finite element model developed with COMSOL Multiphysics software platform is proposed to design novel acoustic particle velocity sensors. The device consists of four silicided polysilicon wires arranged in a Wheatstone full-bridge configuration. Each wire has been divided into three segments placed over suspended silicon dioxide membranes. The dependence of the device sensitivity and frequency response on geometric dimensions has been investigated.


Complex, non-constant envelope, high order digital modulation schemes used in modern communication satellites bring new requirements for the linearity and power efficiency of the traveling-wave tubes (TWT). As a result, a reassessment of the typical TWT specifications is in order. A digital system-level figure-of-merit, the total degradation (TD), is proposed. It accounts for the characteristics of any coded digital system and the performance of the overall communication link, including co-channel and adjacent channel interference. This figure-of-merit allows re-optimizing the operating point of currently used TWTs, comparing the end-to-end performance of different tubes and revising the standard TWT linearity-versus-efficiency requirements


The steady-state operation of magnetically confined fusion plasmas is considered as one of the 'grand challenges' of future decades, if not the ultimate goal of the research and development activities towards a new source of energy. Reaching such a goal requires the high-level integration of both science and technology aspects of magnetic fusion into self-consistent plasma regimes in fusion-grade devices. On the physics side, the first constraint addresses the magnetic confinement itself which must be made persistent. This means to either rely on intrinsically steady-state configurations, like the stellarator one, or turn the inductively driven tokamak configuration into a fully non-inductive one, through a mix of additional current sources. The low efficiency of the external current drive methods and the necessity to minimize the re-circulating power claim for a current mix strongly weighted by the internal 'pressure driven' bootstrap current, itself strongly sensitive to the heat and particle transport properties of the plasma. A virtuous circle may form as the heat and particle transport properties are themselves sensitive to the current profile conditions. Note that several other factors, e.g. plasma rotation profile, magneto-hydro-dynamics activity, also influence the equilibrium state. In the present tokamak devices, several examples of such 'advanced tokamak' physics research demonstrate the feasibility of steady-state regimes, though with a number of open questions still under investigation. The modelling activity also progresses quite fast in this domain and supports understanding and extrapolation. This high level of physics sophistication of the plasma scenario however needs to be combined with steady-state technological constraints. The technology constraints for steady-state operation are basically twofold: the specific technologies required to reach the steady-state plasma conditions and the generic technologies linked to the long pulse operation of a fusion device. The first includes specific additional heating and current drive methods (through externally launched radio-frequency waves or energetic atoms), fuelling and pumping methods, dedicated plasma diagnostics as well as software technologies required for mandatory real time control loops, involving such actuators and sensors. The second class of technologies, generic to any magnetic fusion device, includes the superconducting magnet technologies, in order to provide a stationary confinement magnetic field, the actively cooled plasma facing components (PFCs) handling either radiated or convected power fluxes (often in excess of several tens of MW m−2), dedicated diagnostics monitoring the interfaces (e.g. infrared survey of PFCs), etc. The detailed specifications of all elements must comply with a reactor-relevant environment, in terms of operational parameters as well as lifetime. The paper presents a summary of the present status and understanding of the technology and science of steady-state operation in magnetically confined plasmas, as well as the forthcoming work programme dedicated to the vast R&D programme undertaken in this domain, in particular within the European fusion framework.


This study examined spatial variability of global population, temperature and covid-19 pandemic as it applies to health care management. The study sampled thirty (30) countries in the six (6) inhabitable continents of the world namely Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America and Australia/Oceania where Covid-19 has been recorded. However, five (5) countries were randomly selected from each of the continents considering their regional locations (geocodes) of north, south, east, west and center. Data were generated from online sources and reports from World Health Organization (WHO). The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze the speculations. However, continents of Asia, Africa and Oceania showed relatively low spread of covid19 having higher temperature. Continents of North America, South America and Europe showed higher Covid-19 spread with relatively low temperature. Countries with moderate mean temperatures between 11-20C relatively showed higher Covid19 spread than countries of extreme low and high mean temperature regimes of <0-10C and 21-30C respectively. Finally, this study established that temperature and population density do not have any statistically significant effect on the spread of Covid-19. Therefore, health practitioners and individuals should consider stringent health and hygiene practices to curb the deadly Covid-19 infectious disease worldwide.


Abstract : The application of laser technology for cutting structural members used in ship building was investigated. The original program required the use of a 1.8 kW Nd:YAG CW laser. This was expanded to include a 2.4 kW Nd:YAG CW laser, as well as a 1.4 and 14 kW C02 CW lasers. Process parameters such as laser power, travel speed, cutting gas type and flow, and focusing optic were adjusted to determine the feasibility of each laser for cutting structural members. Results indicated that all lasers, except the 1.8 kW Nd:YAG laser, produced acceptable cuts at speeds greater than 20 IPM. However, each laser is functionally different and careful evaluation of an application (s) is required in order to determine the most suitable laser. For example, to process large structural members with a CO2 laser, a complex beam manipulation device is required. Processing the same members with a Nd:YAG laser requires fiber optic delivery. Both types of systems are commercially available.


Machine (10) includes a first through a relay (72) along a first electric circuit (68) and second through a relay (76) along a second electric circuit (74) and a power supply a plurality of electronic control units are electrically connected to the (62) (70). Relay control device (78) is directly connected to a power source (62) along a third electrical circuit (84), in communication with the first relay (72) and a second relay (76). Relay control device (78) is configured to open and close the first relay in response (72) or the second relay (76) to a power request instruction.


A novel dual-band 8-arm spiral slot antenna with serial feed is designed.Four arms coupled to inner feeding network resonate at one band and the other four arms coupled to outer feeding network resonate at the other band.The L1 arms and L2 arms are interleaved to maintain a natural symmetry of the antenna.The antenna has two output ports with each resonate at one band.Each band of the antenna can be left circular polarization or right circular polarization.A protocol antenna resonating at GPS L1 band and L2 band is designed and fabricated.Measured results indicate that zenith gain of the antenna at both resonant frequencies is more than 5.7dBic,gain above 5°elevation angle is more than-6dBic,and phase center stability is no more than 6mm.


BACKGROUND
In view of the multiple effects of adenosine on kidney function, this study aimed to determine the expression of adenosine receptors (AR) along the rat and mouse nephron.

METHODS
For this purpose, we semiquantified mRNA abundance for adenosine A1-, A2A-, A2B-, and A3 receptors by RNAse protection and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the kidney zones and in the different nephron segments of mice and rats.

RESULTS
We found very similar expression patterns for rat and mice. For the kidney zones A1-AR mRNA and A2A-AR mRNA abundance displayed a marked difference, with an increase from cortex to the inner medulla. This was not seen for A2B receptors, which showed in general a rather weak expression. Along the nephron, A1-AR was strongly expressed in the thin limbs of Henle and in the collecting duct system and to a lesser extent in the medullary thick ascending limb. A2A-AR mRNA was clearly detected in glomeruli but not in other nephron segments. A2B-AR mRNA was strongly expressed in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle and in the distal convoluted tubule. A3-AR mRNA was not found in any nephron segment.

CONCLUSION
Our data demonstrate a distinct mutual expression of the AR subtypes along the nephron. A1 receptors are expressed in medullary tubular structures, while A2B receptors are predominant in cortical tubular structures. A2A receptor expression in the kidney appears to be restricted to vascular cells.


Some dimethylisoxazolylmethylsulfonium salts and the corresponding ylides were synthetized and their chemical behaviour studied. Dimethylsullonium-5-isoxazolyl methylides (XIa,b) give 5-isoxazolyloxiranes (XIIa,d) and XIII when allowed to react with carbonyl compounds. Ring opening products from these oxiranes are also reported.


Studies of moths in Borneo provide new clues to understanding the diversity of tropical species and in assessing the consequences of deforestation


In view of the existing threshold segmentation methods which usually only consider the statistical information from image histogram, while ignoring the gray distribution uniformity of the image target class and the background class, one-dimensional exponential gray entropy segmentation algorithm is put forward and three-dimensional exponential gray entropy segmentation algorithm is deduced. The principles of one-dimensional exponential gray entropy algorithm and three-dimensional exponential gray entropy algorithm are presented. The optimum segmentation threshold is got by combining dimension reduction and optimal search strategy on the three-dimensional histogram. The search complexity is reduced from O(L3) to O(L1/2) in theory. Experimental results show that, compared with other existing threshold algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better anti-noise performance,segmentation effect and its operation time is reduced greatly.


The present paper deals with the description of the technical activities conducted within the TACIS Project R2.03/97, 2 EC Contract no. 30303, related to RBMK. The project activities are focused toward the setting-up of a chain of computational tools suitable for the analysis of transients expected in the RBMK nuclear power plant (NPP). The accident leading to the rupture of one pressure channel, with fuel melting or high temperature damage, creep and brittle failure of the pressure tube and of graphite bricks with possibility of rupture propagation, constitutes the reference scenario for the project. However, a series of expected scenarios has been selected to prove the capability of the individual codes or chains of code in simulating the envisaged phenomenology.
The paper summarizes the activities performed at NIKIET in Moscow and at University of Pisa (UNIPI) in Pisa. A top-down approach is pursued in structuring the executive summary that includes the following sections: (i) the safety needed for the RBMK NPP, (ii) the roadmap, (iii) the adopted computational tools, (iv) key findings, (v) Emphasis is given to the multiple pressure tube rupture (MPTR) issue and the individual channel monitoring (ICM) proposal.


Many coking plants have adopted the process of preheating flue gas to apply
 medium and low-temperature SCR denitrification technology, which increases
 the NOx treatment cost, fuel consumption, and generates secondary
 pollutants. Based on the unique temperature distribution characteristics of
 the coke oven regenerator, this work proposes a method for synergizing SCR
 inside the regenerator to remove NOx. A three-dimensional numerical model of
 the synergy between heat storage and SCR reaction was constructed to study
 the influence of mixing parameters (atomization angle, injection velocity,
 nozzles number) on the NO reduction and NH3 distribution. The validity of
 the model was verified. The results showed that the uneven distribution of
 NH3 near the catalytic layer and the small SCR coating area limited the NO
 reduction efficiency. Increasing the number of nozzles was more beneficial
 than the injection velocity and atomization angle for improving the NH3
 distribution uniformity and NO reduction efficiency, achieving a maximum NO
 reduction efficiency of 37.1% (reduced to 251.6 mg/m3). Further research
 found that the NO reduction capacity of the cooperative SCR model cannot
 exceed 36% without changing the thermal storage brick structure. When the
 inlet NO concentration is less than 235 mg/m3, the reaction model ensures
 that the outlet NO concentration meets the national emission standards.


Spectrometers are powerful instruments to detect atmospheric aerosols, especially on satellites since they allow measurements at a global scale and over different spectral ranges with high spectral resolution. However, to fully exploit their capabilities and to link optical properties, chemical composition and mass concentration, it is essential to have reference optical properties of various particles and mainly the complex refractive indices (CRI). The CRI of a natural aerosol source can be determined from a real sample of it or applying the effective medium approximation using the CRI of the pure compounds present in the natural sample. But in that case, it is necessary to know the mass fraction of each individual compound and above all their CRI. Nevertheless, the literature and CRI databases provide only reflectance measurements on bulk materials or pressed pellets and over a limited wavelength range (Querry et al., 1987).

In the present work, dust from the Gobi desert is studied as it is the second most active dust source, after the Sahara desert, in terms of mass emissions (Querol et al., 2019). For that extinction spectra have been recorded for natural Gobi dust sample and for its major compounds (Illite, Calcite and Quartz). Particles as a powder in a vessel are generated thanks to a magnetic stirring and a flow of nitrogen (Hubert et al., 2017). The continuous flow of aerosols is directed into a 10-meters multipass cell fitted to a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and a 1-meter singlepass cell within a UV-Visible spectrometer which cover a continuous spectral range from 650 cm-1 to 40000 cm-1. Moreover, at the exit of the spectrometers the size distribution is recorded by an aerodynamic particle sizer and a scanning mobility particle sizer which allow to measure size particles from 14 nm to 20 µm. An inversion algorithm is carried out using experimental extinction spectra and the size distribution as input data (Herbin et al., 2017). Applying the Mie theory and the single subtractive Kramers-Kröning integral, the real and the imaginary part of the CRI are retrieved at each wavelength with an optimal estimation method.

For the first time, CRI of Illite has been retrieved with a high spectral resolution (1 cm-1) and over a wide spectral range for suspended particles. For calcite and quartz particles, the crystalline phase has to be considered by introducing the ordinary and extraordinary indices. These pure compound sets of CRI will be used for testing effective medium approximation on Gobi dust for which effective CRI have been also retrieved.


The fauna resources of Novosibirsk region are rich and valuable. They should be taken care of, protected and used rationally. The huntingand fishingmap of Novosibirsk region, scale 1:1,000,000, may be used for the operational planning and taking measures on the valuation and protection of the regional resources.


Based on the analysis of phase and amplitude geomagnetic Z comporent of 42 stations before Anqing M4.8 earthquake in East China,We find that the spatial distribution of the appearance time of the minima(the low-point time of the geomagnetic vertical component) appears anomalous features before the M4.8 earthquake;the strike of dividing line along the Tanlu fault appears NNE;The difference of laotim between the both sides of the dividing line are more than 2 hours.It has been found that most earthquakes occur in the vicinity of the boundary line of sudden change of the low-point displacement and generally within 29th day counting from the day of appearance of the anomaly.The anomalies of diurnal variation may have some connection with Anqing earthquake.


At present the Earth reference coordinate frame ITRF is realized on the base of space geodesy observations in strictly secular sense with purely linear temporal changes (velocities) without any conventional models. These linear changes include primarily non modeled geophysical motions, mostly of tectonic origin. In the base of all space geodesy techniques (except of VLBI), there are precise orbits of the observable satellites, which are moving under the influence of the Earth gravity field around of the entire Earth's center-of-mass (CM). To keep the convention of the coincidence of the terrestrial coordinate system origin with the entire Earth center-of-mass, the first harmonics (C1,1, S1,1, C1,0) of the gravity field models, used for orbital calculations, are equated to zero. Studies of the ITRF precision and stability, carried out at the different research centers, INASAN included, show that origin of the coordinate system (Geocenter) is moving relatively to the center of mass. Besides the main geophysical effects: atmosphere pressure, oceanic tides and currents, ice melting, have been taken into consideration. The annual and semiannual amplitudes of the geocenter variations are not the same for different types of measurements and fluctuate in the interval 1–23 mm for all three components of the position vector. And Z-component is always 2–3 times more than planar components. The absolute scale of the network is determined with the accuracy around of 0.5 · 10−13, that is equivalent 3 mm in the station height. The further improvement of the ITRF accuracy and stability is possible with the use of more dense and equally distributed tracking networks, equipped with the different types of modern instruments, allowed to minimize systematic errors, characteristic for every usable technique. In this connection the International Association of Geodesy arrived to a decision on the development of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), which will consist of about 40 permanent ground tracking sites, space segment of special research satellites and centers of merging, storage and analyses of the data.


We examine the social capital implications of conditional and unconditional cash transfer (CCT) programs in Malawi, randomly assigning adolescent women and their households to either program or to a control group. Our results show that cash transfers have a positive aggregate effect on social capital, proxied by trust and gift giving. They also show positive intention-to-treat effects on both trust and gift giving in the short run but a negative spillover effect on gift giving in the long run. Moreover, we find that CCTs have greater positive effects on trust than the unconditional cash transfers (UCT). Further analyses reveal that adolescents with initial reciprocal beliefs drive the increase in trust. These results contribute to the current debate on whether CCTs or UCTs are better policy tools, adding the important 'externality' of social capital formation.


This paper explores the role of competition policy in shaping a business environment that will encourage firms to improve their efficiency and competitiveness. After discussing the scope and objectives of competition policy, and whether a liberal trade and investment regime can substitute for, or should complement, a competition law, the paper offers an assessment of Indonesia's new competition law. Its shortcomings include a serious lack of clarity about objectives and a confusion between objectives and the means to achieve them; a failure to distinguish between various kinds of monopoly; a tendency to prohibit certain activities and agreements between firms without a clear analysis of the underlying economics involved; unnecessary and counterproductive exemptions from the provisions of the law; and failure to confront the reality that the principal obstacle to competition in the past has been unwarranted government intervention in markets.


Children spend hours participating in activities that may seem meaningless to those observing but have tremendous meaning and value to the children themselves. According to developmental theorists, children develop social, cognitive, language, and motor skills through play. Studies have shown that play, like child development, follows a sequential progression while facilitating neuromuscular, sensory, cognitive, and social-emotional development. At the same time, play allows for exploration and interaction with the environment (Baron, 1991; Hinojosa, Anderson, & Strauch, 1988;Morrison, Bundy, & Fisher, 1991).As children interact with their environment and learn from those interactions, they develop and practice skills that they carry forward into adulthood (Vandenburg & Kielhofner, 1982). Adults use the skills learned in childhood to approach problems (Missiuna & Pollack, 1992). Thus, failure in play may interfere with adult competency (Baron, 1991). Since play is the primary role of childhood (Kielhofner, 1985) and has profound implications on child development, occupational therapists (OTs) are concerned with maximizing a child's ability to play (Bundy, 1997). Consequently, OTs are interested in assessing the skills a child needs to play. Currently, OTs use the Preschool Playscale (Bledsoe & Shephard, 1982; Knox, 1974; Knox, 1997) and the Transdisciplinary Play Based Assessment (Linder, 1990) to eval-


This paper first presents the AC/DC load flow algorithm used for the analysis of DC railway systems. Based on the load flow results, the fuzzy dwell time control of the train, the tap position and control angle control of rectifier/inverter station are then described. These are implemented for improving energy efficiency and operation in a DC railway system.


Describes the typical troubleshooting in the maintenance of WANDONG F108-V remote control perspective X-ray machine,analyzes the causes and puts forwards the measures.


The fundamental understanding of water confined in porous coordination polymers (PCPs) is significantly important not only for their applications such as gas storage and separation, but also for exploring the confinement effects in the nanoscale spaces. Here, we report the observation of an exotic water in the well-designed hydrophilic nanopores of PCPs. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction found that nanoconfined water has an ordered structure that is characteristic in ices, but infrared spectroscopy revealed a significant number of broken hydrogen bonds that is characteristic in liquids. We found that their structural properties are quite similar to those of solid-liquid supercritical water predicted in hydrophobic nanospace at extremely high pressure. Our results will open up not only new potential applications of exotic water in PCPs to control chemical reactions but also experimental systems to clarify the existence of solid-liquid critical points.


............................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... xii LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................... xv CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING .................................................... 1 1.


The present invention is soluble in the reaction mixture, in the presence of an optically active transition metal catalysts having at least one carbon monoxide ligand, alpha, by asymmetric hydrogenation of β- unsaturated carbonyl compound, It relates to a process for producing an optically active carbonyl compound. The present invention is particularly, the corresponding optically active alpha, by asymmetric hydrogenation of β- unsaturated aldehyde or ketone, a method for producing an optically active aldehyde or ketone (especially citronellal). .BACKGROUND


This paper was written to reevaluate Yeom Sang - Sup's newspaper serial novel 『Widow』. In most of the previous studies, this work was regarded as a failure in the newspaper series. However, the existing evaluation that the problem of the widow was not dealt with in depth was the result of an analysis outside the work. It was not a research result that originated from the inside of the work. In this paper, I tried to reevaluate 『Widow』 by analyzing conflicts, character types, generation conflicts, and writers' intentions, which are constitutive elements of works not covered by existing achievements. As a result of analyzing his work, the following extraordinary points were pointed out in 『Widow』. First, interest and tension were weak in the discourse of marriage disorder, which is the main conflict factor of the main characters. It can be analyzed as a characteristic of the composition by referring to how the pursuit of the intention of the writer's works. Second, the reevaluation factor of 『Widow』 is the character of widow type. Widow types are classified as indivisible and obedient Third, although there are a lot of person conflicts and generation conflicts which obstruct the romance of the main characters in the work, the interest factor is weakly written. Based on these research results, the reevaluated 『Widow』 was not popular. It is due to the problems of typical character personality, the omission of excessive composition, and the shaping of the true intention of the author. In addition, since this work, the aspect of the conflict of the composition of the novels has weakened, and concessions and non-aggressiveness of the early generations have appeared in the works. These results were made under the intention of the writer, which can be evaluated as a characteristic of the writer's later novels.


MicroRNA (miR)-29b is a key tumor regulator. It can inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, suppress tumor invasion and migration, thus delaying tumor progression. Our previous studies revealed an increased level of miR-29b in hepatoma 22 (H22) cells in ascites tumor-bearing mice. The present study investigated the effect of miR-29b on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma ascites H22 cells and its association with the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway and p53-mediated apoptotic pathway. Briefly, H22 cells were transfected with miR-29b-3p (hereinafter referred to as miR-29b) mimic or miR-29b inhibitor. MTS cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry were used to analyze cell viability and apoptosis. The expression change of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and p53-mediated apoptotic pathway were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, cells were treated with exogenous TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 small interfering RNA to evaluate the crosstalk between TGF-β1 and p53 under miR-29b regulation. The overexpression of miR-29b decreased cell viability, increased cell apoptosis, activated the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and p53-mediated apoptotic pathway. Conversely, these effects were reversed by the miR-29b inhibitor. Moreover, the effect of miR-29b mimic was further increased after treating cells with exogenous TGF-β1. The activation of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and p53-mediated apoptotic pathway induced by miR-29b overexpression were reversed by TGF-β1 inhibition. In summary, these data indicated that miR-29b has an important role in proliferation and apoptosis of H22 cells by regulating the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway, and the crosstalk between TGF-β1 and p53.


Knowledge The resident will demonstrate an adequate knowledge of: 1) Public funding for mental health services. (3,4,7-9,12) 2) Five public programs that provide funding for children's mental health services. (1-3) 3) Medicaid eligibility requirements in their state. (3,4,7-9,12) 4) CHIP program eligibility requirements in their state. (3,4,7-9,12) 5) SAMHSA contributions to services and service arrays for children and families. (1-12) 6) Private funding of services for children and families. (1-12) 7) Issues that affect access to services and continuum of care. (1-12) 8) Problems and concerns of mental health systems. (1-12)


Th is note explores and briefl y discusses the most essential developments in the investigations and prosecutions by the International Criminal Court (ICC) from late July 2006 up to 1 April 2007.1 Th e indicated period is marked by the increased investigative activity with regard to crimes committed in Darfur, culminating in the application for the fi rst summons to appear, and the confi rmation of charges in the Lubanga Dyilo Case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) situation leading to the fi rst ICC trial. Th e victim-related themes, such as the scope of the obligation resting on the Court's organs to protect victims, the appropriate protective measures and victim participation in the proceedings, underlie the newly built case-law and thread the advancement of proceedings in all three situations before the Court. Th is testifi es to the strength of characterizing the ICC as the fi rst victim-oriented international court. Th e price to be paid for this remarkable specifi city is not to be neglected, for the latter may be seen already at this early stage as having considerably inhibited expeditious handling of cases.


One of the vital success elements of a construction project is the accuracy of the estimation of construction cost. This study is aimed at developing a cost profile for road projects in Ghana. Pro-...


Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is a rare clinical entity that is often not diagnosed until months or sometimes many years after birth. Delayed treatment may lead to poor prognosis. Here we report one surgical procedure for curing delayed severe CES. The esophageal stenosis was resected and the gastric conduit was used to replace esophagus. The type of operation completely solved the patient's dysphagia and acquired preferably effect.


A survey of the prevalence of gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) parasites in 240 sheep was conducted in different area in the zoo garden (110) and in Sinai district (130) during the period of March 2009 to February 2010. The overall prevalence of infections with nematodes; fasciola and coccidiosis in sheep in Sinai and zoo garden were 66/240 (27.5%); 24/240 (10.0%) and 16/240 (6.7%) respectively. Of the 240 examined sheep, 12.5%; 0.0% and 8.6 % young lambs (1-6 month), 37.7%; 6.9 % and 9.2 % immature sheep (>6-12 months) and 17.1 %; 21.4 % and 1.4 % adult sheep (>one yr) were infested with nematodes, fasciola and coccidia respectively. Most of the animals examined during the present survey had low to moderate infestation. Serum biochemical parameters revealed that serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, copper and iron levels were significantly decreased in all parasitic infested animals. All treated sheep showed significant improvement & disappearance of most clinical signs and significant decrease of egg per gram (EPG) with complete disappearance of eggs in 5 day; 4 day and 6 day post treatment with albendazole (valbazine); doramectin (dectomax) and trichlabendazole (fasinex) respectively. There were gradual increases in the levels of biochemical parameters in 3 groups after one and two weeks post treatment and their levels reached nearly similar to standard levels after 3 week post treatment. Study surveys suggest, appropriate parasitic control approach be explored and tried in order to alleviate the problem of worm burden. [Abouzeid. N.Z.; Selim. A. M. and El-Hady K. M. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites infections in sheep in the Zoo garden and Sinai district and study the efficacy of anthelmintic drugs in the treatment of these parasites. Journal of American Science 2010;6(11):544-551]. (ISSN: 1545-1003).


Objective: To Study Sensation seeking personality particularity with of painters with different painting kinds and styles. Methods: Sensation seeking particularity of 86 painters and 153 non-painters was tested, and sorted into different painting kinds and styles. Results: Painters scored higher than non-painters in Sensation seeking scale, especially in disinhibition scale. Among the painters, male scored higher than female, except for experience seeking scale which had no notable difference. The artists of Chinese painting got low scores in experience seeking scale compared with that of west painting. Modern style painters have more expression in experience seeking, boredom susceptibility and general scales compared with traditional style painters, especially experience seeking. Conclusion: The scores of disinhibition are related with whether who is a painter or not, but experience seeking is related with the painting style.


Regular audit of clinical standards with appropriate audit standards encourages small but sustainable improvements in care. The National Service Framework for Diabetes in England and Wales, and the Clinical Standards Board for Scotland, have generated a great number of proposals for improvements in the delivery and documentation of cardiovascular disease prevention in diabetes. In the future, advances in information technology and managed clinical networks are proposed to facilitate improvement in diabetes care. This article describes how, over the last few years, some cardiovascular aspects of diabetes care, including blood pressure control and aspirin/statin prescription, have been monitored and improved in general practice in a deprived area.


The Commercial Court acced bankruptcy plea of Crown Capital against PT Cipta Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia because it has been considered to fulfil unassuming evidentiary requirements as stated on Article 8 paragraph (4) UU No. 37 of 2004 about Bankruptcy and PKPU. However, panel of judges of the commercial court's argument being ruled out through Cassation Verdict No. 834 K/Pdt. Sus/2009 on 15th December 2009 by stated that the existence a quo debt apperently still in issue since it's still being debated and disputed. Therefore, the requirements to be declared as bankrupt as stated on Article 8 paragraph (4) jo. Article 2 paragraph (1) ) UU No. 37 of 2004 about Bankruptcy and PKPU could not be fulfilled so bankruptcy plea has to be rejected. As the explanation above, the research purposed to understand  Panel of Judges State Court's verdict who acced bankruptcy plea as stated on UU Bankruptcy and Suspension of  Payment. This research also to find out how Panel of Judges on Commercial Court and Supreme Court interprented of debt related with bankruptcy plea against TPI. Formulation of problems researched by using a research method: normative juridical approach. Descriptive analytical study to identified draft and law principles which being used to regulate bankruptcy in Indonesia, especially as basic framework on UU No. 37 of 2004 about Bankruptcy and Suspension of  Payment and UU No. 40 of 2007 about PT. Based on the result of the research, writer concluded that Panel of Judges on Commercial Court's verdict which acced bankruptcy plea against TPI is incompatible with UU Bankruptcy and Suspension of  Payment wherefore did not fulfil unassuming simple evidentiary requirements since debt existence which being disputed on this case has to proved further on which its evidence tend to be not unassuming.


Small DC networks to communicate effectively with a variety of output sources such as photovoltaic systems and wind energy storage systems,. If in addition the system DC power is fed over the need to transform and rectify AC network resources compared with a small decrease. Use most of the renewable energy the different factors fine network operates independently suggestions have been. When the system is network -independent, and the exploitation of natural and production of active power by a converter AC balance will be funded constant DC voltage is guaranteed Successful performance of the system in different positions by a coordinated strategy on energy storage systems and photovoltaic systems and wind energy will be discussed And about time management including load and battery state is considering proposals have been Differences by network performance monitoring method is specified MATLAB / SIMULINK, simulation proved strong on performance and determining the status of various systems and control function is proposed.


In this article the authors show the pilot results of a new textbook "Determination of chemical pollution in biosphere". The textbook was worked out at the Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry for a new Degree programme "Safety in Technosphere". The present article describes this textbook as a great help in motivating students for learning chemistry. Studying "Chemistry" students use this textbook to learn theoretical and practical foundations of some physico-chemical methods of analysis as well as to perform research projects. The advantage of such students' work is that research work is carried out in real-life environment, and ecological condition of the objects concerned can be estimated and students have opportunity to get profound knowledge about future job. The article presents two research projects "Analysis of snow cover in Tomsk" and "Quality determination of spring water in Tomsk" carried out by using the procedure from the textbook.


We investigated theoretically and experimentally the response time of cholesteric liquid crystal displays (ChLCDs). It turned out that the response time depended more on the structural change of twisted layers of ChLCs than the speed of the individual reorientation of LC directors. Numerical calculations showed that the surface anchoring energy of the substrates governed the transition from the homeotropic to the planar texture: ChLCs anchored weakly (Ws ≤ 10−5J/m2) on the bounding substrates undergo homogeneous transition, which is fast, while ChLCs anchored strongly (Ws ≥ 10−3J/m2) undergo defect‐assisted heterogeneous transition, which is slow. Experimental results agreed well with the theoretical results.


Sustained-load crack growth in the near threshold regime was studied at room temperature in a mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy forging using mini-C(T) specimens in the C-L orientation. The observed sustained-load cracking behavior exhibited an apparent crack length dependence beyond that accounted for by the fracture mechanics parameter K. In addition, the initial value of K, applied after crack extension by fatigue, influenced the subsequent crack growth rates. The influence of the far-field specimen stresses on the hydrogen diffusion process at the crack tip and transient crack growth rate effects appear to be responsible for the observed behavior.


The IMPROVE study (NCT02408315) compared the efficacy and safety of vaginal and buccal administration of misoprostol for full‐term, uncomplicated labor induction. This report compares the pharmacokinetics of misoprostol between vaginal and buccal routes. Women greater than or equal to 14 years of age undergoing induction of labor greater than or equal to 37 weeks gestation without significant complications were randomized to vaginal or buccal misoprostol 25 μg followed by 50 μg doses every 4 h. Misoprostol acid concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry for the first 8 h in a subgroup of participants. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using NONMEM. Plasma concentrations (n = 469) from 47 women were fit to a one‐compartment nonlinear clearance model. The absorption rate constant (ka) was dependent on both route and dose of administration: buccal 25 μg 0.724 (95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.92) h−1; 50 μg 0.531 (0.37–0.63) h−1; vaginal 25 μg 0.507 (0. 2–1. 4) h−1; and 50 μg 0.246 (0.103–0.453) h−1. Relative bioavailability for vaginal compared to buccal route was 2.4 (1.63–4.77). There was no effect of body mass index or age on apparent clearance 705 (431–1099) L/h or apparent volume of distribution 632 (343–1008) L. The area under the concentration–time curve to 4 h following the first 25 μg dose of misoprostol was 16.5 (15.4–17.5) pg h/ml for buccal and 34.3 (32.5–36.1) pg h/ml for vaginal administration. The rate of buccal absorption was two times faster than that of vaginal, whereas bioavailability of vaginal administration was 2.4 times higher than that of buccal. Decreased time to delivery observed with vaginal dosing may be due to higher exposure to misoprostol acid compared to buccal.


Abstract The development of tools, using a micromechanical approach, predicting the macroscopic behaviour of heterogeneous materials such as concrete, requires the knowledge of their microstructures (geometrical properties of phases), the behaviour of phases and the interaction laws between phases. This study is focused on a numerical modelling of a local shear test on a cement paste–aggregate composite using a cohesive zone model with the objective to identify the behaviour of the cement paste–aggregate interface. The computations use a 3D finite element modelling of the composite, using a cohesive law at the interface between the two phases. The cohesive model mimics the behaviour of the well-known interfacial transition zone. This work presents a methodology for the identification of cohesive law parameters at different stages of hydration and for different confining stresses using experimental results.


ISEASES DESPERATE grown by desttD perate appliance are relieved, or not at all" (Claudius, King of Denmark, in Hamlet, Act IV, Scene 3 ) . Today the continual broadening of horizons in surgery, particularly in cardiovascular disease, demands the highest skills in anesthesiology with a minimal concomitant physiologic trespass in order to ensure patient survival and to promote medical progress. The increasing number of deaths associated with anesthesia stresses their importance as a major health problem.


The objective of this research program is to develop an improved understanding of how electrically driven processes, including electrocoalescence, acoustic agglomeration, and electric filtration, may be employed to efficiently treat problems caused by the formation of aerosols during DOE waste treatment operations. The production of aerosols during treatment and retrieval operations in radioactive waste tanks and during thermal treatment operations such as calcination presents a significant problem of cost, worker exposure, potential for release, and increased waste volume. Electrically driven technologies offer promise as remote technologies for improved treatment; however, existing theoretical models are not suitable for prediction and design. The basis for the project is the general fact that for most particulate collection technology, the marginal collection efficiency increases as the aerosol to be separated increases in size. Using this as a premise, we are investigating mechanisms for increasing the size of particles in an effluent stream as a preprocessing step. Our work is aimed at employing recent advances in theoretical approaches and experimental techniques to improve our understanding of how electrical and acoustic methods may be employed most efficiently alone or in tandem to tackle aerosol problems. The fundamental understanding achieved may provide the basis for development of innovative new approaches and for optimizing removal processes.


Airworthiness considerations are critically important in the design, development, and certification of civil and military aircraft. A solid understanding of airworthiness certification criteria, standards, verification methods, and artifacts are key pieces of knowledge for aerospace engineers who are actively engaged in aircraft design and development. Nevertheless, it is unclear how airworthiness considerations in aircraft design are incorporated into the academic curricula of many engineering schools. Young engineers who enter a career in aircraft design may lack critical information with regard to certification requirements that impact the aircraft design process. Incorporating airworthiness into the academic curriculum will produce engineers who understand how airworthiness considerations impact aircraft design and who are equipped to resolve airworthiness-related challenges.