Stockholm's programme of special transportation, administered by the Greater Stockholm Public Transport (SL) is composed of three elements (a) a demand responsive service utilizing commercial taxis for individual trips, (b) a fleet of modified minibuses for routine and repetitive trips, both offering door-to-door service, and (c) continued modification of conventional public transport vehicles and equipment to extend their accessibility for handicapped trip makers. Commercial taxi service is described as the primary source of transportation, with 91 per cent of those eligible being provided with special authorization cards. The user pays three crowns, the current mass transit fare to the driver, and the taxi company is reimbursed by SL at the metered rate. Reimbursement controls associated with the 2500 taxis participating in this scheme are described, and statistics provided on journey details and costs. A fleet of 135 modified minibuses caters for those who cannot or need not use taxis, with three quarters of the trips being associated with home to and from school and clinic journeys. Details of the vehicles, journey schedules and driver training are presented. Reference to public transport accessibility indicates the installation of lifts at all subways, and escalators from street and or ticket levels to station platforms. Financing and costs are discussed. (TRRL)


The effects of a sludge-based additive (mainly composed of calcium phosphate) on the retention of potassium in bottom ash and ash melting characteristics during rice straw (RS) combustion were studied with a bench-scale tube furnace reactor at the reaction temperatures of 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C. The potassium content in bottom ash and ash composition characteristics were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results showed that the addition of sludge-based additive into rice straw at a mass fraction of 2.5–7.5% could effectively improve the potassium fixation rate and retain potassium in the bottom ash during combustion process by the formation of potassium aluminosilicates and K–Ca–P compounds. The ash melting characteristic was enhanced and the sintering of bottom ash was prevented by the addition of sludge-based additive. For instance, the soft temperature (ST) of RS wa...


The purpose of this study was to find out students' math anxiety levels and compare math anxiety levels between semesters. This research was conducted because of the impact of online lectures during the pandemic era, namely the decrease in student achievement in all mathematics courses. This research was conducted in the Primary School Teacher Education Study Program of Tribuana Kalabahi University. The research method used is a quantitative research method with a comparative approach. The subjects of this study were 157 students who were in semesters 2 and 4. The instrument used in this study was the Revised-Mathematics Anxiety Survey (R-MAX) developed by Bursal and Paznokas. In this study, the instrument feasibility test is still conducted using the validity of the content and reliability test of the instrument. This instrument is declared valid in content according to mathematicians. In addition, the instrument is declared reliable using the Cronbach Alpha method with a reliability coefficient of 0.911. The results showed that students' math anxiety levels were at moderate levels. Cumulatively, 71.3% of students had moderate to very high anxiety disorders. Further comparative test results using independent t-tests showed that there was no difference in the average student math anxiety score based on semester class. Special attention is needed from the University considering the impact of student anxiety on learning achievements and pedagogic competencies in the future.
Keywords: online learning, student math anxiety.


The asymmetric dimers [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(py)2(B)Ru(2,2′-bipy)2(L)](PF6)2, where B = 4,4′-bipy or bpa (1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane) and L = Cl− or CN−, have been characterised based on spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques and both the influence of the CN− coordination and of the bridging ligand have been studied. In the dimer where the bridging ligand is the π-conjugated 4,4′-bipy, the coordination of the cyanide ligand to the [Ru(2,2′-bipy)2] moiety shifts to more positive values all the E1/2 associated with the [Ru3O] core. The influence of the [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(py)2] fragment on the spectroscopic properties of [Ru(2,2′-bipy)2] has been probed
by photophysical assays; at room temperature, no luminescence is detectable for the dimer where B = 4,4′-bipy, whereas the complex where B = bpa shows luminescence with low values of ϕ compared to the precursors [Ru(2,2′-bipy)2(B)(CN)]PF6. At 77 K both dimers show weak luminescence. Based on ΔG∘ values it is proposed that the main quenching pathway operates through an electron transfer mechanism.


The objectives of this service work program are 1) Maximizing a comprehensive understanding of financial management using the excel system for BUMDes managers; 2) BUMDes managers can use the excel system to make it easier and save time in terms of service and bookkeeping for each transaction. This service is carried out in the savings and loan business unit that manages the TAMARA BUMDes, Tamansari Village, Tegalsari District, Banyuwangi Regency. The approach used is the PAR approach. The results of the service prove that the use of the excel financial system can make it easier for BUMDes managers of savings and loan units so that they can avoid mistakes and make financial transactions easier.


This Master thesis work has been carried out during between June and November 2006 at the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) at the Department of Laser System, in Linkoping. Conventional ai ...


In this study, a Metamaterial Absorber (MMA) has been proposed for microwave applications. The designed metamaterial exhibits 99.99% of absorption at both 27.5 GHz and 31 GHz resonance frequency. Which covers two 0.38 GHz and 1.76 GHz 90% absorption bandwidth from 27.325-27.705 GHz and 29.505G-31.264 GHz respectively. The absorption, electric field, magnetic field, and surface current distribution have been presented to understand the physical mechanism of the dual-band absorption behavior. Furthermore, the MMA is analyzed with different polarization angles and the effect of the size has been studied for a better understanding of the metamaterial absorption characteristics.


The object of the accompanying list of Fossil Fishes is merely to record, for future palæontologists, the depository of a few specimens which have furnished the materials for descriptions and figures of species recorded in the publications of the day. They are available for inspection to any one who may be interested in their examination, and I am only too happy when I can induce any geological or palæontological students to come and see them.


The discovery of the production of hypersensibility, in animals to horse serum, egg white, etc., suggested the possibility of a similar hypersensitization to other proteid materials. It was thought possible that the protoplasm of bacterial cells might lead to similar effects, and in consequence there might be danger from the employment of bacterial vaccines where for some reason the interval between a first and second dose was sufficient for the hypersensibility to develop. In order to determine whether the foregoing conceptions were correct, a series of experiments was outlined in which guinea pigs received a small dose of a living bacterial culture which was followed, after an interval of fourteen or more days, by a second injection of the same organism. I selected for the organisms to be employed in these experiments some of the common saprophytic bacteria so as to exclude the possibility of infection. The organisms employed were:


A range image of a scene is produced with a solid-state timeof-flight system that uses active illumination and a time-gated single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array. The distance to a target from the imager is measured by delaying the time gate in small steps and counting the photons of the pixels in each delay step in successive measurements. To achieve a high frame rate, the number of delay steps needed is minimized by limiting the scanning of the depth only to the range of interest. To be able to measure scenes with objects in different ranges, the array has been divided into groups of pixels with independently controlled time gating. This paper demonstrates an algorithm that can be used to control the time gating of the pixel groups in the sensor array to achieve depth maps of the scene with the time-gated SPAD array in real time and at a 70 Hz frame rate. Introduction 3D range imaging is a popular topic at the moment since there are numerous applications that could use solid state, low cost, small imagers with high system performance (resolution >1 M pixels, frame rate of 60 Hz, range at least from 0 to 10 m preferably with centimetre depth accuracy) [1]. Various solutions for meeting these specifications are being explored. Time-of-flight (ToF) techniques are commonly used if measurements over a range of a few metres are needed. Many of the ToF imagers on the market at the moment use in-pixel photon demodulation techniques, in which the pixel count can be higher than with other ToF pixel arrays, and already 1M pixels have been shown to achieve better than centimetre uncertainty at a frame rate of 30 Hz for a range from 0.4 to 4.2 m [2], although presumably at the cost of relatively high active illumination power. To achieve a high performance system with low active illumination power, pixel arrays that could detect even a single photon would be an attractive solution, in principle. A single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is such a device. SPAD-based sensor arrays have good performance, especially under dim ambient lighting conditions [3]. The drawback of their high sensitivity to photons is the high sensitivity to ambient lighting as well, but tolerance to this photon "noise" can be improved with optical filtering, for example. Also, modulation of the signal could be used, as in [4], [5], to separate the signal from noise. This would typically increase the illumination power consumption of the sensor under high ambient light conditions, however. To achieve good single measurement precision, a pulsed laser source can be used with time-to-digital converters (TDC). With a short laser pulse (FWHM~100 ps) ~cm-level single measurement precision is achievable for a SPAD array with on-chip TDCs, although this kind of pulsed direct ToF (d-ToF) system also suffers from the ambient light problem. If a noise photon triggers the SPAD before the signal photon arrives at the detector, the signal cannot be detected. One solution is to use a free-running system or to impose time correlation of detections between neighbouring pixels, as in [6], but the power consumption of the sensor array would remain an issue if the in-pixel TDCs are activated by noise. Another approach would be to use a form of time gating that would activate the SPAD only for the range of interest, e.g. from 4 ns to 20 ns, corresponding to a range of ~2.5 m. The fill factor of in-pixel TDC-based SPAD arrays is usually only in the range of a few per cent, which would reduce the number of detectable signal photons in homogeneously illuminated systems. In order to get a higher fill factor for the sensor while reducing the need for in-pixel time-to-digital converters, the possibility for time-gating the SPAD could also be used to produce a 3D range image. In this type of imager the image is produced by shifting the position of the time gate over the desired range (range scanning). 3D range imaging employing the time gate method (sometimes called a range-gated system) is usually slow due to the large number of time gate positions that need to be measured in order to get an accurate 3D range image [7]. To solve this problem, the SPAD array designed here has been divided into subarrays for which time gating can be controlled independently. This makes it possible to limit the range scan more efficiently around the surfaces of multiple targets, see Fig. 1. We thus propose here a 3D range imager that uses a time-gated SPAD array chip enabling the per-pixel measured range to be limit to a small area of interest which can adaptively follow the movement of the target. The short time gate (FWHM~400 ps) reduces the effect of ambient light and with a short laser pulse (FWHM~200 ps) the range can be closely confined around the surface of the target. The detailed electronic construction of the SPAD array receiver chip with 80 x 25 pixels that was used for this purpose has been presented in [8]. Figure 1. A time-gated 3D range imaging system and a flexible scanning algorithm. FOV of the system FOV of a subarray FOV of a pixel pulsed laser source & diffuser SPAD array & lens 1. scan 2. scan No detections in the adjacent pixels of the subarrays A signal detected in one of the adjacent pixels of the subarray A signal detected in a pixel IS&T International Symposium on Electronic Imaging 2019 Image Sensors and Imaging Systems 2019 357-1 https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2019.9.IMSE-357 © 2019, Society for Imaging Science and Technology


As a practical teaching link in professional education of civil engineering speciality,building architecture curricula design has an important position and role in improving synthetically quality and developing innovation ability for under grate students.By the teaching experiences of the author,a new heuristic teaching method in building architecture curricula design was studied,which based on practical projects,emphasizing the training targets of engineering abilities.The efficiency of the proposed method has been verified by teaching practices.


Shrouded aerosol sampling probes utilize an aerodynamic decelerator (shroud) placed about an inner probe. A model has been developed for predicting the transmission ratio (T) of aerosol from a free stream to the exit plane of the inner probe. This expression, T = FAsApr(1 − WL), is based on use of an existing empirical model to characterize the aspiration ratios of the shroud (As) and inner probe (Apr) and based upon new models to characterize the wall loss ratio in the inner probe (WL) and to relate the concentration in the core region of the shroud to the mean concentration predicted by the existing aspiration model through a correlation function, F. Extensive computational results provide a data base for specification of the correlation function. The need for the correlation function results from the phenomenon that particle enrichment in a subisokinetic shroud is non-uniform, with the concentration higher near the wall than in the center region. However, the concentration in the core region of the shr...


Precaspian Basin in Central Asia, rich in oil and gas resources, is noted for the Kungurian significant thickness of salt bed. The structural evolution of Precaspian Basin mainly experienced three stages: inception of rifting, passive continental margin, and compression of rifting phases. The start of exploration in the Precaspian Basin dates back to the late 19th century, and the whole courses can be divided into two parts including early post-salt exploration and late pre-salt exploration. With large number, wide distribution and small scale, the quantity of post-salt reservoirs accounts for over 80% of the total. But due to good development of carbonate platform and reef complex, nine giant oil-gas fields (total recoverable Mmboe ≥ 500) have been found in the pre-salt reservoirs, where there are plenty of other large oil-gas fields. The most effective source rocks are the Middle Devonian-Middle Carboniferous relatively thin pelagic calcareous, siliceous, and argillaceous basinal facies rich in organic matter which accumulated on the slopes of the starved central deep. The Carboniferous bioherm and bioclastic limestone are the most favorable reservoirs. Besides, the most important regional seal is the Lower Permian Kungurian salt sequence. Furthermore, there are a great many Stratigraphic-Structural traps along Precaspian Basin s verges. Focus of discovering giant oil-gas fields, hydrocarbon exploration orientation is based on oPre-salt first considering Post-salto, and priority area is Astrakhan-Aktjubinsk Uplift Zone.


self-seeking politician who managed by some mysterious dexterity to outmaneuver his rivals, some of whom were much better men than he. " These statements could be supported with strong evidence but that would take us too far from our main interest" (p. 188). Juarez is also depicted as a willing instrument of the Masonic Conspiracy. And so was Maximilian, according to the author. "Although many important books do not stress it (Ralph Roeder, in his pedestrian and idol-worshipping Juarez and His Mexico never seems to have heard of its existence in Mexican affairs), there is some evidence to show that Maximilian may have had Masonic affiliations; and that, before coming to Mexico, he accepted the open support of French Masons, traditionally known to be among the most virulent antiCatholic groups in the Latin world" (p. 206). But this is small stuff beside the author's use of apocrypha to identify Maximilian's Carlotta as a " Red," and one of the worst kind—who owned several sets, in various languages, of the complete works of Voltaire (p. 207). Surely the general reader must wonder what a " R e d " was considered to be in 1864.


In this paper, we show that the Keller-Segel equation equipped with zero Dirichlet Boundary condition and actively coupled to a Stokes-Boussinesq flow is globally well-posed provided that the coupling is sufficiently large. We will in fact show that the dynamics is quenched after certain time. In particular, such active coupling is blowup-suppressing in the sense that it enforces global regularity for some initial data leading to a finite-time singularity when the flow is absent.


Sixteen patients with a "phrygian cap" deformity of the gall bladder seen with oral cholecystography were further evaluated with both bistable and gray scale ultrasound. The bistable technique produced internal echoes that were suspicious of gall stones. When this same area was reevaluated with the more accurate gray scale technique, the folded‐fundus deformity was clearly visualized.


"To be brought up with a language, be it Welsh or any other minority language, is to share a sense of close fellowship with other speakers of that language. To have an almost 'hidden history' of allusion and collective memory. To understand, as one grows older, the fragility of that culture and to feel a sense of custodianship towards it".
Bala, 2020
Veronica Calarco's PhD exhibition showed lithographs, silkscreen prints, paintings, and a large sound installation emanating from prints which had been woven into basket forms. The title 'This is a Language Warning!' was taken from double j, an Australian radio broadcast, and subtitled 'Visualising an Endangered Language as Realized Through the Notion of Country.'
Calarco's topic highlighted the politics of endangered and minority languages and how they are consumed and colonized by a dominant language of a more powerful ethnic group – in this case the English language. The two languages which Veronica featured are an endangered Australian Indigenous language named Gunnai/ Kŭrnai, the language of her native homeland, and Welsh, the language of her adopted homeland. All the images reflected her exploration of these two languages through names, words, myths, and the natural world.


When Adrienne Rich wrote, "This is the oppressor's language/yet I need it to talk to you," she articulated a paradox that continues to stifle our desire for change. For some of us doing work in the spirit of emancipation, we are held captive by dominant cultural symbols that fail to emulate the liberatory goals of our scholarship. In the Text and Performance Quarterly special forum on the Performative Possibilities of New Media, Desiree Rowe and Benjamin Myers speak to the imaginative possibilities of new media and our ability to write, create, perform, and challenge scholarship as well as sex, sexuality, masculinity, femininity, civility, race, language and many other ideological politics. As Rowe & Myers note, "scholarship is radically altered by the very possibility of new media" (2012, p. 73). The radical changes occurring do not fit standard acculturation modes (assimilate, integrate, separate, marginalize), but are something different entirely. Radical shifts alter the way we perform, understand, and map out our intersectional identities as cultural verbs through scholarship, activism, and everyday life. Inherent within those changes is great potential to deconstruct and re-purpose dominant cultural symbols through new media, especially as it relates to social constructions of sex, gender, and sexuality.Performances of sexual identity shiftdrastically as access to digital media and technology increase and change. New technologies bring new, innovative ways to perform sexual identity online. People avow sexual scripts of the past, but perform them in new ways in addition to creating new scripts. Intersections of race, class, gender, and sexual preference chaperon those performances and, in turn, dictate the ways in which we perceive, mark, and perform sexual identities. The essays and performances in this special issue examine various digital media platforms, including blogs, facebook, and online dating sites in an effort to unpack the specific ways people use digital media to challenge, redefine, and perpetuate dominant constructions of sexuality and desire, as well as insert bodies, sex, and sexual performances into virtual spaces. Our goals are to present the dynamic intersections and performances of race, class, gender, and sexuality within digital media contexts.The contributors speak from a range of methodologies and epistemologies to offer a broad discussion of sexuality in terms of physical, biological, performative, orientation, desire and pleasure.In her essay on intimacy and online self-portraits, Kaarina Nikunen explores public performances of sexuality by examining tease-sites and youth online communities. She argues that shifting boundaries of intimacy, public and private, global and national, offer understanding of the emerging digitalized sexuality and its implications to gender, race and ethnicity.Ragan Fox turns to viral criticism to analyze how audience members use digital media to respond to the Westboro Baptists church's anti-gay discourse as a form LGBTQ activism and advocacy.In his essay on political framing around the legalization of gay marriage, Robert Gutierrez-Perez utilizes autobiographical performance and performative writing to interrogate the use of as an ideograph during the final week leading up to the Question 1 vote in Maine on November 3rd, 2009. …


Digital storage in the information society allows perfect and unlimited remembering. Yet, the right of an individual to enforce oblivion for pieces of information about her is part of her fundamental right to privacy. We propose a solution to digital forgetting based on anonymously fingerprinting expiration dates. In our solution, people who learn information about an individual are rationally interested in helping the individual enforce her oblivion policy. Thanks to this rational involvement, even services for content spreading like Facebook or YouTube would be interested in fingerprinting downloads, thereby effectively enforcing the right of content owners to canceling content.


The local ordering of a binary hard-sphere mixture with a size ratio 1:10 near a planar wall is investigated by means of integral equation theory. We find that when the bulk volume fraction of the smaller particles is greater than 15%, the larger particles (at a bulk volume fraction of 1% and higher) become highly localized on the wall surface, forming a quasi-two-dimensional surface-localized monolayer. Our results are discussed and compared against computer simulation data with an effective one-component Hamiltonian that is based on sphere-sphere and sphere-wall depletion potentials.


TREATMENT Treatment of acute muscle injuries is directed first to relief of pain, second, to recovery of extensibility, and third, to redevelopment of strength. For all muscle injuries, pain relief can be obtained by the use of ice applied in a towel and held in position over the painful area for at least 20 minutes. The process can be repeated every three to four hours to maintain the benefits and allow re-education to continue. Several commercial cold substitutes are available which need refrigeration before use. Ice loses its effect after two to three days and can be replaced with short-wave treatment or, for home use, liniments. Analgesia is followed by a period of passive stretching when the muscle is stretched to the point of discomfort (but not pain) held for 10 seconds, and then relaxed for 10 seconds. The procedure is repeated, for 10 minutes. The positions for stretching using a 2·5 m to 3 m calico bandage are as follows.


Young people constitutes the majority of population in Asia and Africa region now and will remain, the same for few more decades. Young people are identified as the reagent of development across the globe. In fact the Sustainable Development Goals, which has been proclaimed recently by the United Nations -which is a follow-up global agenda to the Millennium Development Goals also emphasizes the importance of young people in the course of sustainable development. Life skill training has become an invincible ingredient of discussions, particularly while the discussing about development in line with young people. The recent discussions by all international bodies has significantly gladdened the topic and mounted country specific policies and programmes allied to the same. Countries like India, Srilanka, Singapore and Malaysia has already started to capitalize young people and impart life skill training for them. The enormous amount invested on young people is been equalized to the future of the country. The current paper investigates on the possibility and strategies to slot in the life skill training in Asian countries to equip the young people to ensure their productive contribution to the economy. It further describes different approaches to the life skill training across globe and the success identified. The study is purely on the basis of the secondary data available with the Commonwealth Secretariat and other international bodies.


Summary form only given.We demonstrate passively mode-locked Nd:YVO/sub 4/ lasers with pulse repetition rates ranging from 30 GHz up to 59 GHz using semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors. To our knowledge, these are the highest repetition rates ever obtained from a mode-locked solid-state laser. Previously, the maximum repetition rates of a passively mode-locked solid-state lasers was 2.7 GHz with a Cr:YAG laser and 2 GHz with a Ti:Sapphire laser. More recently, we have demonstrated 13 GHz and 29 GHz with a Nd:vanadate laser. The limited gain bandwidth of the Nd:vanadate laser results in picosecond pulses which set an upper limit on the pulse repetition rate. At these extremely high repetition rates the pulses begin to overlap. Our approach to obtain high repetition rates is to passively mode-lock Nd:vanadate lasers, which operate at their fundamental repetition rate (i.e., with only one pulse circulating in the cavity). The main challenge for passive mode locking solid-state lasers at high repetition rates is to avoid Q-switching instabilities. This quantitative understanding enabled us to explore the limits of passively mode-locked Nd:YVO/sub 4/ lasers with multi-GHz pulse repetition rates.


This paper analyze the application of artificial language and natural language under the network circumstances, and then point out the development trend of information retrieval language is the integration of artificial language and natural language skillfully.


We establish a framework for extending invariants of sutured manifolds to invariants of pairs of sutured manifolds who differ by attaching a basic slice along a torus boundary component. In the particular case of (bordered-)sutured Floer homology we show that this recovers the bordered-sutured Floer homology of a corresponding bordered-sutured three-manifold — though the framework is broad enough that it should be applicable in the setting of other invariants of sutured manifolds. To a category S one can associate the corresponding arrow category S(2), whose objects are morphisms f : A → X and morphisms are commutative diagrams in S. There are variations on this theme: for instance, the category of pairs of a concrete category takes as objects morphisms which are injective (as maps of sets). In more generality, to any category with two classes of morphism we can associate a corresponding category with objects given by one class of morphism, and morphisms given by commutative diagrams in S with vertical arrows given by the other class. A fairly natural question to ask is: Question 0.1. What do invariants of and functors out of a category of pairs look like? How do they relate to functors and invariants of the underlying category? Of particular interest to us are categories where the objects are balanced sutured threemanifolds. To fix notation: Definition 0.2. A sutured three-manifold is a pair (M,γ), where (1) M is an oriented three-manifold-with-boundary, and (2) γ ⊂ ∂M is a set of a set of pairwise disjoint annuli whose core curves are given by oriented simple closed curves s(γ) ⊂ ∂Y . A sutured manifold (M,γ) is a sutured submanifold of a sutured manifold (N, δ) if M ⊂ Int(N). There are various choices for the morphism spaces, cf. [1]. We are mostly interested in the category ContDiffSut — this has two classes of morphism: (1) 'gluing maps', i.e. whenever (M,γ) is a sutured submanifold of (N, δ) there is a morphism ψ : (M,γ) → (N, δ) corresponding to each isotopy class of contact 1 ar X iv :2 20 2. 11 14 6v 1 [ m at h. G T ] 2 2 Fe b 20 22


Cytomegalovirus (CMV)is a member of the Herpes viridae family, its seroprevalence is high in the general population. CMV infection in the immunocompromised is a serious, sometimes fatal complication that can affect several organs. For immunocompetent patients, this infection is usually pauci- or asymptomatic, which evolves spontaneously favorably and does not require specific treatment. However, the primary infection can be exceptionally serious with multivisceral involvement, for which antiviral treatment is indicated with generally a quickly favorable response. In this article, we present an unusual case of hepatitis and pancreatitis due to CMV in an immunocompetent patient. The diagnosis was retained after excluding the most frequent and potential causes of acute hepatitis, with a brief review of the literature.


Facts show that the tourism industry in Wuyishan City has not only a unique advantage,and in the national economy also accounts for a sizeable proportion;Wuyishan tourism industry development is positive associated not only with the national economy,but also have a positive impact on national economic development.According to the leading industry selection criteria which is made by economists in domestic and foreign,Wuyi shan,mainly the preparation of the new district must select the tourism industry as its leading industries.


The full wave expressions for the transmission scatter cross sections for 2-dimensional random rough surfaces are obtained and the solutions are compared with the numerical results based on Monte Carlo simulations of the rough surfaces.


Approaches to determining the time required to remove the organic vehicle from powder injection moldings are assessed in terms of their practical viability and associated errors, The binder used was a polyacetal that can be removed by a catalytic shrinking unreacted core reaction in the solid state with minimal disruption to the organisation of particles, The complete removal time can be obtained by direct observation of the binder-powder inferface, by gravimetric methods, by calculation from model equations, from temperature differences caused by enthalpy changes or by measuring the reaction product concentration in the gas stream, A new method based on the temperature sensitivity of the gas outlet after-burner to the presence of degradation products was developed and used successfully, The influence of the amount of material in the oven is also discussed and is occommodated by the new method.


Excerpt The Second World War focused much attention upon the psychoneuroses, and to many the fact that over a million of our young men were not fit for military service because of psychoneuroses wa...


The purpose of this article is to discuss some possibilities of diagnosing a university's organizational intelligence and to advance some ways of measuring it. The main steps pursued are defining and describing the organizational particularities of universities, which act as barriers in organizational intelligence strategies implementation, applying the organizational intelligence standards to universities, and examining the features of the intelligence markets. In what respect is the paradigm of the traditional university damaged, and finally eliminated, by the social stimuli which claim for a different type of the intelligence and which are the beneficiaries of the new model of university, as an organization in-between – preserving its idiosyncratic position, but engaging in mutually profitable alliances, is an issue also addressed to.


A fluorine-containing styrene monomer of the formula (2) is produced by a first, Second or third process. The first proceSS includes (a) reacting a compound of the formula (1) with a compound of the formula (3), in the presence of a metal catalyst; (b) reacting the product of the step (a) with a base; and (c) reacting the product of the step (b) with hydrogen, in the presence of a metal catalyst and a phosphine or amine, thereby producing the target Styrene monomer. The Second process includes reacting a compound of the formula (1) with a compound of the formula (12), in the presence of a metal catalyst, thereby producing the target Styrene mono mer. The third process includes reacting a compound of the formula (13) with a compound of the formula (14) or (15), in the presence of a base, thereby producing the target Styrene monomer.


Network slicing is a foremost critical aspect of the advanced 5 G cellular network connectivity. It offers the separation of the single physical network into numerous digital networks so one can attain particular targets inclusive of safety, mobility, and the monitoring of the network. The main problem of isolating slices by prioritization is fixes by using the end-to-end network slimming principle of 5 G networks to reduce latency and to improve the performance for excessive-priority applications. The effects of experiments with the NS-3 simulator demonstrate demands for latency and efficiency


Recently [S. Magazu et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 105115 (2011)10.1063/1.3641870] we have proposed a new method for characterizing, by neutron scattering, the dynamical properties of complex material systems, such as, the ones of interest in the biophysical field. This approach called Resolution Elastic Neutron Scattering, in short RENS, is based on the detection of the elastically scattered neutron intensity as a function of the instrumental energy resolution. By experimental, theoretical, and numerical findings, we have pointed out that an inflection point occurs in the elastic intensity when the system relaxation time approaches the instrumental energy resolution time. This approach, differently from quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS), gives the chance to evaluate the system relaxation times without using pre-defined models that can be wrong and/or misleading. Here, we reply to a Comment on the above-mentioned main paper in which Wuttke proposes a different approach to evaluate the above-mentione...


Effects of forest filter means that forests can eliminate and/or buffer contamination. This is one of the important service functions of forest ecosystems. With the increase of pollution to water body and the air, more and more expectations have been paid to the self-cleaning function of forest ecosystem. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the process and mechanism of forest ecosystems to hold, absorb, and purify pollutants with their canopy, tree trunks, shrubs, herbs, litter and soil(microbe). It is also an important step for assessing the hydrological service functions of forests. In this paper, effects of forest ecosystems to purify pollutants, specially acid deposition by tree layer, undergrowth, the litter and the soil were reviewed in order to find out the existing problems of current research and look for the possible approaches for further research. It was found that most research focused on the experimental observations and the phenomenon explanation and there was a lack of research on the allocation process and reasonable simulation models. In this paper, the authors took the whole forest as a filter system, and described the research progress in different sub-systems, including plants, litter, soil and micro-organism .


Assesses developments in short-term international migration of Bangladeshi to Arab and other countries in the period 1976 to 2003. Considers opportunities in finding employment, contrasted by issues of exploitation and basic labour rights.


Over the past decade, the most salient changes in macroeconomic conditions in developed economies have included rising government debt and population aging, which are strongly correlated with each other. This paper investigates fiscal multipliers by disentangling the effects of population aging from those of government debt. Our analysis, which uses heterogeneous panel data from 24 OECD economies, shows that while fiscal policy is ineffective for economies with high-debt levels, it is effective for economies with low-debt levels. Furthermore, the estimation results reveal that fiscal policy is ineffective for aged economies, regardless of the level of government debt. However, for nonaged economies, while fiscal policy leads to negative effects on output in times of high debt, its positive effects are more pronounced in times of low debt. Our results suggest that, for the effective implementation of fiscal stimulus policies, policy-based stimulation of employment in the labor market is essential.


We report on the first 2 years of operation of a new strategy for treatment for P. falciparum malaria patients who were not cured by a standard course of chloroquine. Any such patient who returned to a malaria treatment and detection post within 2 weeks was treated daily under supervision with chloroquine. Patients whose parasitaemia had not decreased below 25% of the initial level by day 3 or cleared completely by day 7 were given sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (Fansidar). Of 39 824 patients treated initially with chloroquine, 4% returned to the malaria post within 2 weeks of treatment; 87% of these were chloroquine resistant and treated with Fansidar and 28% of the returning patients were RIII resistant.


Chert nodules in dolostones in the aureole of the Tertiary Beinn an Dubhaich granite, Skye, have developed mm‐scale concentric monomineralic bands of alternating calcite and olivine during breakdown of a diopside core by the reaction 3 Dol+Di=4 Cal+2Fo+2 CO2. A simple textural progression from thin (<1 cm) homogeneous olivine‐calcite rims close to the olivine‐in isograd, to total replacement of the diopside core by a ≤10 cm thick well‐banded rim close to the carbonate‐granite contact demonstrates the developmental stages of the patterning. Correlation of olivine grain size with band spacing, and a greater olivine grain size in banded compared with homogeneous rims support pattern development by post‐nucleation geochemical self‐organization.


The Landscape Architecture Department of Wuhan Bioengineering Institute has paid high attention to the cultivation of the students' ability of integrative practice for years.During the course of searching integrative practicing mode,the senior students have been organized to improve their ability of professional practice,make many achievements and improve the teachers' teaching ability in cultivating the students.


This paper describes a study examining how different groups at some of the G8 protests, Gleneagles, 2005, negotiated experiences of (dis)empowerment. A recent survey of protest events speculated that, as a function of their social identities, experienced activists have available to them particular strategies to counter disempowerment and hence provide motivation for continued involvement. The G8 direct actions in Gleneagles provided an opportunity to examine such dynamics of (dis)empowerment in situ. An ethnographic study was carried out covering the duration of the Gleneagles events, including interviews with forty participants. Two key findings were as follows. First, across the protest group as a whole there was little unification and no agreed definition of success. Consequently, feelings of empowerment varied systematically across the sample. The second key finding concerned changes in definitions of success among some participants. For experienced activists, their activist identity entailed access to sets of arguments and discussions with fellow activists which allowed potentially disempowering events to be (re-)interpreted positively. An example was the re-evaluation of the importance of the Stirling campsite, which came to be seen by some as a key achievement. We argue in conclusion, however, that some activist strategies to maintain empowerment, while appearing to be based on a radical position, can operate as a break on escalation. The analysis as a whole suggests both the subjective and objective significance of identity and empowerment in movement dynamics.


The decorative materials in Shui national straps art, has strong modeling and regional characteristics. The materials' visual feature provides creative inspiration to modern landscape design. This paper analyzes the characteristic of these materials, as well as the cultural connotation of Shui national straps art. The design method of indoor and outdoor landscape using decorative materials derived from straps art is proposed. Finally, some typical cases are given to demonstrate the design effectiveness.


Heatwaves are increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity in ocean, coastal, and lake ecosystems. While positive water temperature trends have been documented in many rivers, heatwaves have not been analyzed. This study examined heatwaves in rivers throughout the United States between 1996 and 2021. Riverine heatwaves increased in frequency over the study period, with the most robust increases occurring in summer and fall, in mid‐ to high‐order streams, and at free‐flowing sites and sites above a reservoir. The increase in heatwave frequency was accompanied by an increase in moderate strength heatwaves as well as a doubling of the annual mean total number of heatwave days at a site. Riverine heatwaves were often associated with normal or below‐normal discharge conditions and at sites with a mean annual discharge ≤ 250 m3 s−1. These results provide the first assessment of heatwaves in rivers for a large geographic area in the United States.


ABSTRACT The expansion of high-speed railway (HSR) has opened up new freight capacity on traditional railway (TR) lines in China. In order to increase China's railway volume of containers transported to port terminals, this paper estimates the HSR and TR modal splits for passenger transport. Then, the TR capacity used for passengers is calculated via traffic assignment model, and the number of passenger trains on TR lines is estimated and then deducted from total TR capacity. The remaining balance gives the freight capacity of a TR line. Moreover, a bi-level programming model is built to optimise the location of railway freight terminals and the corresponding train dispatching frequencies in a case in which trains on TR lines and trucks on highways are both used to transport containers to port terminals. The ports of Shanghai and Ningbo with their hinterlands are used as a case study for numerical analysis.


In the ideological and in the legal styles of thought, unlike the scientific style, it is possible to make normative inferences from statements of fact. In the ideological style such inferences are made through concepts in which descriptions and values are inextricably fused. In the legal style, in contrast, it is possible to move from statements of fact to normative conclusions without invoking values along the way. The analysis of the legal style, in turn, is useful in the analysis of certain survey data on civil litigation before the federal district courts.


Superficial sediments of the Tyrrhenian Sea continental shelf were analyzed for grain-size, carbonate content and distribution of organic matter. Whereas in the inner shelf there are terrigenous sediments, at the outher edge and in the slope of the shelf the sediments are biogenic (carbonates > 30%). Concentrations of organic matter are similar to those fourid in ocean shelves, rather than those of other semi-enclosed seas and are distributed according to the grain-size. Above all it is found that organic matter is strictly related to the specific surface area of the sediment, therefore it is mainly adsorbed to the sediment particles. Considerations on the significance of this adsorbed state in environmental pollution researches are presented. In order to eliminate the effects of grain size, the concentrations of organic carbon were quoted in relation to the unit of surface area (mg.m-2). This approach reveals that the highest values occur in the inner continental shelf and the organic matter distribution comes out to be in agreement with previous observations on longshore drift or depositional dynamics. (*) Istituto di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Siena (Italy). (**) Supported by E.C.C. (ENV-512-I) and F.A.O. Grants. 182 BARGAGLI R. BALDI F. Furthermore, the low and constant values of e/N ratio suggest that phytoplankton is the main source of organic matter in this area and contribution of land-derived organic matter is negligible.


In the article the efficiency of accounts receivable management on cargo motor transportation enterprises is analyzed using the method of statistical analysis, namely middle descriptions of variation row of account receivable of cargo motor transportation enterprises are analysed; the analysis of unevenness of distributing of the account receivable of cargo motor transportation enterprises is conducted; the degree of dirigibility of conduct of debtors of cargo motor transportation enterprises is appraised. Using information of account receivable of cargo motor transportation enterprises after basic debtors management efficiency is appraised with application of methods variation statistical research. It, before everything, such indexes, as average arithmetic, fashion, median, indexes of concentration and unevenness of distributing of account receivable. In last case the question is about legitimacy of application of coefficients Gini, Herfindahl-Hirschman index, variations, asymmetries of Pirson.


The cause of climate change detection is very tedious and complex phenomenon. For the purpose, the behaviour identification of climatic variable using long term historical database is very important. In present study, highlights the climatic variability has been identified using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall, and Sen's slope estimators over north-eastern region of India. In this study long term precipitation data has been considered during 1901-2015. The non-parametric tests have been tested at the 5% level of significance. The non-parametric tests were applied at eight north-eastern states i.e., Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and West-Bengal of India. This type of study is very necessary for long-term agricultural and water resources planning of the states.


This cohort study examines changes in completion of and expressed preferences on an online advanced directive platform during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.


1. Cation Order and Disorder during Crystal Growth: Some Implications for Natural Mineral Assemblages.- 2. Kinetics of Metamorphic Reactions at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures: An Appraisal of Available Experimental Data.- 3. The Effect of Reaction Enthalpy on the Progress of a Metamorphic Reaction.- 4. The Influence of Defect Crystallography on Some Properties of Orthosilicates.- 5. A Natural Example of the Kinetic Controls of Compositional and Textural Equilibration.- 6. On the Relationship between Deformation and Metamorphism, with Special Reference to the Behavior of Basic Rocks.- 7. Heterogeneous Deformation, Foliation Development, and Metamorphic Processes in a Polyphase Mylonite.- 8. Aspects of Relationships between Deformation and Prograde Metamorphism that Causes Evolution of Water.- 9. The Permeation of Water into Hydrating Shear Zones.- 10. The Possible Effects of Deformation on Chemical Processes in Metamorphic Fault Zones.- 11. Deformation with Simultaneous Chemical Change: The Thermodynamic Basis.


Cyclodepolymerization is a special chemical recycling (upcycling) method for polyesters based on the ring-chain equilibria in solution, yet it is usually carried out in halogenated solvents at temperatures around 200...


Gladys Mensing and Julie Demahy were both injured after consuming a generic drug, as prescribed, beyond the safe period of use. They filed state court claims against the manufacturers for failure to warn of the dangers associated with long-term use of the drug. The manufacturers argue that they complied with federal labeling requirements under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), and that the FDCA preempts such state court claims.


There is a difference between an excuse and a reason. Between 1957-1988, out of a total of 684 patients with ptosis 436 (63%) had had at least one previous attempt at correction. The referral letters maintained that immediately after surgery there was an improvement and then It was to find the reason for this excuse that my interest in the subject developed. There were also certain other clinical cases that I found difficult to explain on the basis of the anatomy as I knew it then and when an opportunity presented to dissect fresh cadaver specimens I readily took it. Only road accident cases were dissected, and only where normal facial features were confirmed from licence photographs.


We present an enrichment of the Hateval corpus of hate speech tweets (Basile et. al 2019) aimed to facilitate automated counter-narrative generation. Comparably to previous work (Chung et. al. 2019), manually written counter-narratives are associated to tweets. However, this information alone seems insufficient to obtain satisfactory language models for counter-narrative generation. That is why we have also annotated tweets with argumentative information based on Wagemanns (2016), that we believe can help in building convincing and effective counter-narratives for hate speech against particular groups. We discuss adequacies and difficulties of this annotation process and present several baselines for automatic detection of the annotated elements. Preliminary results show that automatic annotators perform close to human annotators to detect some aspects of argumentation, while others only reach low or moderate level of inter-annotator agreement.


Theoretically,there are two ways for children to acquire polysemous words:one is the derivational strategy,with which the acquisition order correlates with the derivational process of the word meanings; the other is the independent strategy,which means that meaning acquisition by children is independent of derivation. Based on an exhaustive statistical survey,this paper proposes a variety of strategies for learning polysemous words. It assumes that the children tend to use the derivational strategy to acquire different meanings without other motivations. However,when affected by some functional motivations such as high frequency of occurrence,the children show no tendency to observe the cognitive principles. Furthermore,the relations among the different meanings also intervene in the acquisition order.


ABSTRACT Scholars disagree on whether the media environment has become more concentrated, fragmented, polarized or overlapped. By pooling data from a total of 250 audience surveys conducted over 9 years, we investigated the evolution of a cross-platform audience network during a time of transition in the media environment. We found that both the fragmentation and duplication of the media system changed in a curvilinear manner. More importantly, this study showed that the center of the cross-platform network was transferred from offline to online. This study emphasizes the dynamic of media choice at various stages of media technology development.


This report summarizes the work done at MIT during FY 1981 on the overall system design of a uranium-from-seawater facility. It consists of a sequence of seven major chapters, each of which was originally prepared as a stand-alone internal progress report. These chapters trace the historical progression of the MIT effort, from an early concern with scoping calculations to define the practical boundaries of a design envelope, as constrained by elementary economic and energy balance considerations, through a parallel evaluation of actively-pumped and passive current-driven concepts, and thence to quantification of the features of a second generation system based on a shipboard-mounted, actively-pumped concept designed around the use of thin beds of powdered ion exchange resin supported by cloth fiber cylinders (similar to the baghouse flyash filters used on power station offgas). An assessment of the apparently inherent limitations of even thin settled-bed sorber media then led to selection of an expanded bed (in the form of an ion exchange wool), which would permit an order of magnitude increase in flow loading, as a desirable advance. Thus the final two chapters evaluate ways in which this approach could be implemented, and the resulting performance levels which could be attained. Overall,more » U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ production costs under 200 $/lb appear to be within reach if a high capacity (several thousand ppM U) ion exchange wool can be developed.« less


The utility model discloses a vacuum extinction inlet and outlet terminal connector, comprising an elongated alloy steel strip. A midfeather of two surfaces of the elongated alloy steel strip is provided with projections; two edges in a width direction of the elongated alloy steel strip are zigzag in shape and tilt toward the middle; the outer surface of the elongated alloy steel strip is provided with a layer of silver; and a thickness of the elongated alloy steel strip is preferably 0.15mm or 0.2mm. The vacuum extinction inlet and outlet terminal connector has high intensity and electrical conductivity, realizes high heat dissipation and guarantees a contact area at joints.


Documentation does not belong to traditional child observation. Traditional child observation assumes an objective, external truth that can be recorded and accurately represented. However, documentation stresses on the responsibility of the observer for her or his observation, descriptions, interpretations and explanations. Meaning does not come from seeing or observation alone. It comes from the acts of interpretation. Documentation is not about assessing whether a child is conforming to a set of standards. By contrast, it is mainly about trying to see and understand what is going on in the pedagogical work and what the child is capable of without any predetermined framework of expectations and norms. Processes of observation and documentation are never objective and hence not neutral. Objectivity is a subject's false view that observing can take place without him. We have to realize and admit that documentation always holds our own subjective feelings, wishes and values which should not be seen as something negative but rather as something positive, not something to avoid but rather to understand how these enter into the process of documentation.


Background There is scarce data about the long‐term mortality as well as the prognostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in patients with biopsy‐proven viral myocarditis. We sought to investigate: (1) mortality and (2) prognostic value of LGEcardiovascular magnetic resonance (location, pattern, extent, and distribution) in a >10‐year follow‐up in patients with biopsy‐proven myocarditis. Methods and Results Two‐hundred three consecutive patients with biopsy‐proven viral myocarditis and cardiovascular magnetic resonance were enrolled; 183 patients were eligible for standardized follow‐up. The median follow‐up was 10.1 years. End points were all‐cause death, cardiac death, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). We found substantial long‐term mortality in patients with biopsy‐proven myocarditis (39.3% all cause, 27.3% cardiac, and 10.9% SCD); 101 patients (55.2%) demonstrated LGE. The presence of LGE was associated with a more than a doubled risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 2.40; 95% CI], 1.30–4.43), escalating to a HR of 3.00 (95% CI, 1.41–6.42) for cardiac death, and a HR of 14.79 (95% CI, 1.95–112.00) for SCD; all P≤0.009. Specifically, midwall, (antero‐) septal LGE, and extent of LGE were highly associated with death, all P<0.001. Septal LGE was the best independent predictor for SCD (HR, 4.59; 95% CI, 1.38–15.24; P=0.01). Conclusions In patients with biopsy‐proven viral myocarditis, the presence of midwall LGE in the (antero‐) septal segments is associated with a higher rate of mortality (including SCD) compared with absent LGE or other LGE patterns, underlining the prognostic benefit of a distinct LGE analysis in these patients.


The aim of the study was to identify factors which describe the profile of economic units (EUs) in Mexico. For this purpose, were consulted the databases of the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (MLSW, "Secretaria del trabajo y Prevision Social" - STPS, Mexico) and the National Institute of Statistic, Geography and Informatics (NISGI, "Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Geografia e Informatica" - INEGI, Mexico), as institutions responsible for carry out officially, the application of surveys through the National Survey on Employment, Wages, Technology and Training in the manufacturing sector (NSEWTT, "Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Salarios, Tecnologia y Capacitacion" - ENESTYC, Mexico). With the capture of these surveys by the institutions responsible, subsequently allow us determine the factors which describe the profile of the economic units. With this research we identified eight factors, which describe the profile of the economic units, being these: Establishment's characteristics (F1), Production and organization (F2), Market (F4), Quality control and technology (F5), Employment Forms (F6), Salaries (F7), Training and Health and safety (F8). DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4p21


This paper deals with a concept of Knowledge system which is created to support medern learning and teaching. Educational technology is constantly changing and improving in line with the development of science and information technology. Traditional teaching is most often criticized for insufficient activity of students, inadequate teaching intuition and dynamism, the impossibility of individualisation of teaching, lack of continuous feedback on the achievements of students and others. Intensive development of telecommunications technology and computer systems, permanent connection to the Internet and WEB based learning systems enabled better use of computer technology in teaching. Computer based knowledge systems provide flexible organization of activities, lectures and study materials and a complex evaluation of students.

Teaching is often formalized, verbalized and not sufficiently visual, reducing knowledge durability as well as possibility of connecting theory with real life. Multimedia knowledge systems is created for personal computers offer possibility for making electronic text books involving text, pictures, sounds, animations and films, in such a way that learners can individually proceed in learning teaching contents, they can return to contents which are not clear enough to them, they can receive feedback and additional information in accordance with their own capabilities and interests. Interactivity and quality of presented materials, using multimedia and hypertext, offer considerably richer contents compared with teaching carried out in traditional classroom.


; The microwave (MW)-assisted lipase-cairiyaa ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone in boiling solvents was investigated for the first time. In case of boiling toluene or benzene the MW-assisted reaction proceeded significantly slower compared to oil bath heating. On the other hand, using boiling diethyl ether as solvent, an increase of the polymerization rate due to MW irradiation was found. Yield, molecular weight measurements, and MALDI-TOF analysis supported the results.


1 Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan 2 Crop Science Research Institute/National Wheat Improvement Centre, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China 3 PMAS, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan 4 National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan


Identity is a critical concept in management because it influences firm formation, managerial cognition, and the work of individuals and organizations. Identity is particularly salient to entrepren...


THESIS 8421%%%%The leucine-responsive regulatory protein of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a well
characterised global regulator of transcription. Comparatively little is known about the
Lrp regulon of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium ). In this
study, the Irp gene was found to be regulated by nutrient availability, and negatively
autoregulated, in a similar manner to that previously shown in E. coli. Autolysis o f S.
Typhimurium in MOPS minimal medium was examined, and conditions that reduced
autolysis were determined, which allowed for further experimentation. The regulon of Lrp was examined in S. Typhimurium , during growth in rich and nutrient poor media, using DNA microarray analysis. This revealed that Lrp regulates many genes that have
previously been identified as Lrp-regulated in E. coli as well as Salmonella-specific virulence determinants, type 1 fimbriae of the fim gene cluster, and the genes of SPI-2. This also revealed genes that are affected by leucine in S. Typhimurium.


Cotton is an important economic fibre crop. Seasonal water shortages and long term water deficit can effect cotton yield. Current study aimed to explore the cotton root transcriptome under drought stress. mRNA extracted from cotton roots subjected to osmotic stress treatment (5% gravimetric humidity) was used to construct cDNA library. Expressed sequence tags submitted to gene bank EST database (JK757087-JK757798) further annotated to predict the homology and function. Total 104 transcripts with an E-value less than 1e -33 revealed 82 (78.84%) known homologs and 22 (21.15%) with uncharacterized proteins. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis of these drought responsive ESTs elucidated their key role in biological regulation, molecular functions and cellular organelles. Expression pattern of 10 unigenes were validated by RT-qPCR in roots and leaves. These unigenes included WD repeat, FRIGIDA, peroxidase, E3 ubiquitin ligase, U-box domain, RNA binding, calcyclin binding, Glutathione S transferase, endochitinase and metallothionine like protein. cDNA library was successfully constructed from cotton roots and revealed several key drought responsive transcripts. Novel sequences identified in this study can be valuable resource for further exploration studies to exploit their role in genomics of drought responsive mechanism.


A direct method for the synthesis of β,β-disubstituted-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes via Heck reaction of aryl halides with crotonaldehyde and related substrates has been developed. The reaction provides rapid access to products usually prepared via multistep sequences. The power of the method in combination with an organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation is illustrated with a short asymmetric synthesis of ( S)-Florhydral ® .


ABSTRACT Oceans have occupied our imagination since time immemorial, both in symbolic and in practical ways. The Indian Ocean is a region characterized both by complex economic, historical, cultural, and social entanglements. Memories of recent and distant pasts plumb oceanic depths, needing to be carefully recollected and sieved to make sense of the present, and imagine possibilities for the future. The ocean is thus read as a site of contested struggles, a space where historical identities and stories interconnect. Storytelling is one device through which personal and collective memories can resurface and be questioned, as can be observed in the work of South African-born Mauritian writer and activist Lindsey Collen. This essay discusses Collen's outlook on the Indian Ocean region, and on Mauritian literature and socio-political landscape. Building on previous work and research on Collen as a major activist and literary figure in Mauritius, this paper is based on a series of interviews and conversations with Collen and the two authors.


The invention discloses a polyelectrolyte and graphene composite resistive moisture sensor and a manufacturing method thereof. The polyelectrolyte and graphene composite resistive moisture sensor uses a ceramic as a substrate on which a plurality of pairs of interdigital gold electrodes are arranged; a moisture sensitive film is coated on the ceramic substrate and the interdigital gold electrode surfaces, the moisture sensitive film is a polyelectrolyte poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and graphene composite. The moisture sensor has the advantages of moderate impedance value, high sensitivity, good linearity, small dampness and can be detected at room temperature in a wide humidity range, in particular in a low humidity environment, can be widely applied to the accurate measurement and control of the environmental humidity in the fields of industrial and agricultural production, storage, atmospheric environment monitoring and the like, in particular the humidity in a low humidity environment.


Alkali–metal (K and Cs) promotion for sticking of nitrogen oxide molecule (NO) on Si(100) has been studied using a molecular beam method combined with an Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and a laser ionization spectroscopy [resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI)]. The observed sticking probability S shows a good correlation with alkali coverage, indicating that the alkali promotion is local in nature. The decay of S as a function of NO dose as observed with AES shows an anticorrelation with the evolution of the direct‐inelastic scattering intensity as obtained with REMPI. This fact is understood as follows: since the direct‐inelastic scattering occurs mostly in a single collision process with the surface, local alkali promotion is realized in a single collision of the incident NO molecule with the alkali–metal adsorbates. The decay of S as a function of NO dose is then analyzed with a reaction cross section. The evaluated reaction cross sections are close to the area of the 2×1 unit cell, and ...


The authors describe the extensive coatings' evaluation, testing, and selection procedures they developed to ensure that the concrete pipes that form the Great Man-Made River Project, in Libya, are protected from corrosion and meet their required lifetime performance.


The main motive behind this paper is to identify the problems faced by students in e-learning environments and solve the key differences between the physical classroom learning environment and the e-learning environment. We feel the full potential of e-learning has not been fully explored in today's AI aligned world. In the classroom, the instructor would identify each student's understanding level and takes care of delivering the content accordingly. This helps students understand in a better way. But in an e-learning environment, there is no such mechanism to provide customized content to each student depending upon their understanding capabilities. So, this paper helps to understand student's behavior and which in turn helps us to provide customized content or provide more help in such scenarios. The proposed model can be integrated and implemented in various web-based online learning platforms.


The term "Macroeconomic Control Law" (MCL) and its theory are created by Chinese economic law theorists. The conception of MCL and similar conceptions do not exist in the continental law system or AngloAmerican law systems. The main content of the economic law should include Market Regulation Law and MCL, which will help to validate and regulate the actions of the government and to guarantee the governmental economic functions. Certain criteria and methods should be applied in the definition of the essential principles of MCL, which should include the legalization of power and procedure in macroeconomic control, the protection of national macroeconomic interests and the division and coordination among the macroeconomic control organs.


Previous studies have found that perception in older people benefits from multisensory over unisensory information. As normal speech recognition is affected by both the auditory input and the visual lip movements of the speaker, we investigated the efficiency of audio and visual integration in an older population by manipulating the relative reliability of the auditory and visual information in speech. We also investigated the role of the semantic context of the sentence to assess whether audio–visual integration is affected by top-down semantic processing. We presented participants with audio–visual sentences in which the visual component was either blurred or not blurred. We found that there was a greater cost in recall performance for semantically meaningless speech in the audio–visual 'blur' compared to audio–visual 'no blur' condition and this effect was specific to the older group. Our findings have implications for understanding how aging affects efficient multisensory integration for the perception of speech and suggests that multisensory inputs may benefit speech perception in older adults when the semantic content of the speech is unpredictable.


This paper aims to develop characteristics of a health regionalism and to find first indications of the extent to which regional organizations increasingly shaping international health policy. Since institutional tensions between nation-state interests and regional bodies often arise at the regional (supranational) level, this paper discusses the extent to which regional health governance is characterized by organized civil society as well as state actors. In addition, initial considerations are made as to the extent to which regional and interregional cooperation between state and civil society actors (bipartism) and, beyond that, cooperation with commercial enterprises/business (tripartism) characterize regional governance and thus deviate from "state-led regionalism".

The role of the WHO in this rise of regions thesis will also be discussed. On the one hand, the WHO's ability to develop a comprehensive impact as an institutional entrepreneur ends at its budget limits, which means that it only has the necessary resources to take the lead in a few policy areas. On the other hand, the WHO is in a position to act as a "political entrepreneur", above all because it is heard as a mouthpiece in global health protection. With its effective instruments for proclaiming global health threats and praising or criticizing states, it is taken seriously and is thus given a power-political instrument to exert pressure on states and their health policies. This observation is of relevance to the question of how the WHO positions itself among rising regions.


The results of IR and XPS studies indicate that the surfaces of smithsonite (ZnCO3) and cerussite (PbCO3) mineral ores are sulphidized in a different manner.


Using multiple perspectives on organizational behavior can result in different and potentially more helpful interpretations of what actually occurs in student affairs units.


The article is devoted to one of the most disputable issues of text theory typology of first person narration texts and novels in particular, where use of pronoun I serves not to introduce autobiographical facts of author's life but to convey author's consciousness. The author had done a research on the material of novels by modern French-speaking authors. The research allows offering the classification of first person narration novels based on the relation of instances author/narrator and on methods of focalization of narration together with the classification of types of narrators in first person narration novels.


The proliferation and rapid development of telecommunication and wireless computing have created new capabilities that can be utilized by both businesses and individuals. Location-based commerce/service (LBS), one of the mobile and wireless commerce applications, is an electronic transaction targeted to individuals in specific locations at specific times. This paper aims at presenting the first of a twophase framework to develop and test the acceptance of a Dynamic Location-based Service (DLBS) prototype in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The first phase, the development of a fully functional DLBS prototype, was successfully completed and presented in this paper. The developed application provides users with the capability of locating nearby active Point-of-Interests (POIs) such as businesses, hotels, restaurants, and others. The main contribution of the developed DLBS prototype is the presentation of dynamic (current) state of POIs at the time of access by the user, which allows the user to differentiate between open/active and closed/inactive service points.


We investigate the effect of the dipole-dipole interaction on the dynamic properties and the atomic coherent trapping of a two-identical-atom system in the presence of a laser field by means of quantum-electrodynamics theory. The influence of the dipole-dipole interaction on the collapses and revivals of the atomic population is revealed. The conditions of the atomic coherent trapping are given. A way to measure optically the coupling strength between the atoms is pointed out. We also show that the effect of the dipole-dipole interaction may be screened due to the coherent field in certain atomic superposition states.


(1928). LXXXVI. On relativistic cosmology. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 5, Supplement, pp. 835-848.


This paper presents the design of a sigma-delta interface for a heat balanced bolometer. The sigma-delta interface acts both as digital readout circuit and as a mean of heat feedback. The heat balancing is based on the Electrical Substitution principle and implementation through capacitive coupling. The design from the functional block down to the layout is presented. Expected performance of the realized chip is evaluated through transistor level circuit simulation and top-simulations. The circuit is designed for a realization in AMS CMOS 0.35 µm technology operating at 3.3 V.


Oceanic islands only comprise a small amount of the Earth's land area but harbour a disproportionate amount of global biodiversity. This vast diversity is not only reflected in the taxonomic uniqueness of island biota but also in the remarkable evolution of functional traits. Functional traits, i.e. measurable characteristics that strongly influence the fitness of species, determine how a species responds to its environment and can help to gain more insights into the biogeographical, ecological and evolutionary processes that have shaped island biodiversity. However, research in island biogeography has primarily focused on species richness, and knowledge of functional trait patterns on oceanic islands is scarce. Hence, in this dissertation, I have explored how trait-based approaches can increase our understanding of how biodiversity on oceanic islands assembles and how it is driven by the environment. The Canary Islands (Spain) are a particularly suitable model system to investigate patterns and drivers of biodiversity. The archipelago is characterised by a high variation in environmental heterogeneity and inhabits a unique and well-described native flora. Therefore, I have investigated five principal research questions using the flora (Spermatophytes) of the Canary Islands as a study object. First, I have analysed how climate and biogeography shape the assembly of the Canary Islands flora using a novel trait-based approach. Second, the question of whether rare climates link to functional trait distinctiveness in the native Canary Islands flora was addressed. Third, I have examined how intraspecific trait variation is represented in the native flora of oceanic islands focusing on the succulent scrub of La Palma (Canary Islands). Fourth, this dissertation investigated whether scientific floras can be reliable sources for trait data of plants native to oceanic islands. Finally, I have explored how climate change may impact the native Canary Islands flora by analysing possible climate change-induced shifts in plant species distribution and plant traits. The results of my dissertation expand the understanding of the importance of biogeography and the environment in determining the functional composition of island floras. I have assessed that traits of endemic plant species did not expand the functional trait space of the Canary Islands but were packed with the ones of non-endemic species. This result hints at a trait convergence in endemic species, possibly driven by non-adaptive speciation processes. Moreover, I have evidenced that humidity is a critical driver of functional diversity in native plant assemblages and particularly leads to a high trait convergence in arid environments via environmental filtering. In contrast, alien species have expanded the Canary Islands flora's functional trait space. I further have shown that in contrast to native species assemblages, alien species assemblages are characterised by an increasing functional diversity with increasing aridity. This contrasting pattern of functional diversity could pose a potential risk to the native flora of the Canary Islands as a low functional diversity is expected to reduce the resilience of species assemblages to the establishment of more functionally diverse alien plant species. However, in this dissertation, I also have revealed that endemic plant species on the Canary Islands show a high intraspecific variation in arid environments, possibly as an adaptation to environmental stress. Intraspecific variation could help endemic plant species have a competitive advantage over alien species and be more resilient to environmental changes. Furthermore, in this dissertation, I have shown that scientific floras and taxonomic monographs could be used to gain information on quantitative functional traits of plants native to oceanic islands. This finding is particularly relevant for advances in trait-based research, as coverage of trait data for oceanic island floras is extremely poor in global trait databases. Hence, for some of the studies included in this dissertation, trait data were retrieved from scientific floras and taxonomic monographs and used to answer novel scientific research questions. Thus, I have used trait data from the literature to analyse the effect of climate change on the range size of plants native to the Canary Islands. Identifying plant species of particular conservation concern is critical on oceanic islands as many island species have limited distributions and small population sizes, and their niche tracking is impeded by insularity. I have revealed that single-island endemic plants gain less and lose more climatically suitable areas than archipelago endemic and non-endemic native plants due to a climate change-induced decrease in precipitation until 2100...


The benefits of Large-Scale Integration (LSI) implementations have applied quite naturally to processors with relatively low performances and simple architectures; e.g., the one-chip microprocessors used in personal computers contain several thousand logic gates. Mainframe processors, however, have so far been limited to using logic chips that contain several hundred logic gates. The best use of LSI logic employs microprocessors to keep critical paths on chip, thus keeping pin counts and power dissipations within reasonable limits. Microprocessors have been extensively used to implement peripheral functions, such as I/O device control. However, as of this writing, a single state-of-the-art microprocessor cannot contain a mainframe processor function. Therefore, new machine organizations are needed to use today's state-of-the-art microprocessors to implement a mainframe processor. This paper examinesse veral methods for applying LSI and microprocessors to the design of processors of increasing performance and complexity, and describes a number of specific approaches to microprocessor-based LSI implementation of System/370 processors. The most successful approaches partition the System/370 instruction set into subsets, each of which can be implemented by microcode on a special microprocessor or by programs written for an off-the-shelf microprocessor.


This paper presents a methodology for performing on-line voltage risk identification (VRI) in power supply networks using hyperrectangular composite neural networks (HRCNNs) and synchronized phasor measurements. The FHRCNN presented in this study integrates the paradigm of neural networks with the concept of knowledge-based approaches, rendering them both more useful than when applied alone. The fuzzy rules extracted from the dynamic data relating to the power system formalize the knowledge applied by experts when conducting the voltage risk assessment procedure. The efficiency of the proposed technique is demonstrated via its application to the Taiwan Power Provider System (Tai-Power System) under various operating conditions. Overall, the results indicated that the proposed scheme achieves a minimum 97% success rate in determining the current voltage security level.


This paper reviews recent literature, published between 2002 and 2007, concerning the previous existence of permafrost (past permafrost) that formed during the cold periods of the Pleistocene in the northern mid‐latitudes. Some past permafrost continues to be preserved today as relict permafrost in the higher northern latitudes. Given that global climate warming models predict widespread thaw of permafrost in the coming century, it is surprising that little attention has been given to the insights that past and relict permafrost offer as to the nature and duration of permafrost thaw. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This article is concerned with the subject's development on psychology, having George Herbert Mead's (1863-1931) and L. S. Vigotsky's social interactionism as the main theoretical reference, but emphasizing the first author. The place for those authors in the historical process of psychology birth is stressed for their theories give special importance to social dimension in human development by identifying on linguistic mediation the links among the socialization and individuation processes experienced by the subjects, in which a dialectical intersubjective process of entwinement between the interiorizing and exteriorization of the subjective reality occurs. Mead's (1967) social theory is emphasized in this thought over subjectivity, considering its richness to the notion of self for psychology.


Introduction: Distraction bone block arthrodesis has been advocated in the literature to treat the late sequelae of os calcis fracture with loss of heel height including the prevention of anterior impingement. We have studied a consecutive series of subjects who have had in situ arthrodesis for subtalar arthrosis as a consequence of os calcis fracture with marked loss of talocalcaneal height paying particular attention to range of movement and anterior impingement. Materials and Methods: Between 1997 and 2003 31 consecutive subjects underwent subtalar arthrodesis. Five subjects who had undergone ORIF, two non-unions and three subjects with bilateral injuries were excluded. Two subjects who had marked coronal displacement that required additional surgery at the time of arthrodesis were also excluded. Two subjects were lost to follow up leaving 17 for assessment. AOFAS hind foot scores improved from 29.8 (range 13–48) preoperatively to 77.8 (range 48–94) postoperatively. Mean loss of talocalcaneal height was 10.3mm and the mean talar declination angle was 6.7 degrees which was 35% of the normal side. One subject suffered anterior ankle pain but none had anterior impingement. Two subjects complained of difficulty ascending slopes and stairs and four of difficulty descending. Mean ankle dorsiflexion was 11.6 degrees (range 0–24) compared to 14.7 degrees on the normal side: A reduction of 21.1%. Mean plantarflexion was 35.5 degrees (range 24–60) compared to 44.6 degrees on the normal side: A reduction of 20.4%. Discussion: Our results suggest that anterior impingement is not a significant problem in os calcis fracture, even when loss of talocalcaneal height is marked. We recommend ISA combined with lateral wall ostectomy for all cases of subtalar arthrosis as a result of os calcis fracture, without marked coronal deformity, regardless of the degree of talocalcaneal height loss.


Low frequency sound scattering in microinhomogeneneous media, comprising particles moving orderly or chaotically with respect to ambient ideal or viscose fluid or streamlined by fluid is analyzed. It is shown that basic scattering laws are violated in moving media due to acoustic / electromagnetic wave scattering analogy violation related to ambient fluid entrapment by particles (inhomogeneities) playing noticeable role in media sound scattering. Moving inhomogeneous media low frequency sound scattering data observable in experiments is frequently distinguished from predicted by sound scattering theory. That is why scattering laws in moving media are to be generalized and it is main purpose of the paper. Scattering amplitudes and crossections for ideal potential and viscose flows generated by particles moving with respect to media are calculated by means of inhomogeneous wave (Lighthill's) equation. For spherical scatterers in orderly motion Rayleigh law acquires correction in particle Mach number linear approximation even in ideal fluid. However, for chaotically moving particles in ideal fluid, it still holds on the average. Reynolds number of particles motion, angle of scattered wave incidence and flow Mach number - incident wave parameter relationship, defines more complex sound scattering law ver- sions valid in viscous media distinguished from classical Rayleigh law. Linearity of Lighthill's equation (low Mach number requirement) is analysis restriction. PACS numbers: 43.20.Fn, 43.28.Gq, 43.28.Py


I watch you watch me,
As I open the door slowly,
Carefully,
As if drawing open the curtain
On the first act
Of this new chapter of your life.
Your eyes drift from my face
To the bright red file I hold
Clutched tightly in my hand.
Almost bursting at the seams,
The script, as it were…
A running commentary on your life.


H EPATIC resection for malignant liver tumors improves overall survival. However, liver surgery continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A combination of careful patient selection, meticulous operative technique and specialized perioperative care is required to achieve low perioperative mortality (less than 5%) even in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma resections in cirrhotic patients. Postoperative hepatic failure (POLF) is one of the most serious complications following liver surgery with a mortality that can exceed 70%. The aim of this case scenario is to highlight the perioperative management of POLF after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patient with cirrhosis.


A property P of term rewriting systems (TRSs, for short) is said to be persistent if for any many-sorted TRS R, R has the property P if and only if its underlying unsorted TRS (R) has the property P. This notion was introduced by H. Zantema (1994). In this paper, it is shown that con uence is persistent.


The present study discusses a model-free design method for control systems using fictitious reference input tuning (FRIT), which was originally designed based on one-shot control data. Moreover, FRIT has been extended to an online tuning method to cope with plant fluctuation. In the present study, the control quality is monitored using online FRIT. In the conventional online FRIT, the control system is always updated. In the proposed method, performance evaluation is introduced to the online FRIT. Consequently, quality monitoring can be implemented by online FRIT, and a control system can be updated only when a controlled plant fluctuates or the control performance deteriorates. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical examples.


Separate and integrated membrane bioreactors using white rot fungi were used to investigate the decolorizing effect of reactive brilliant red X-3B under non-sterile condition,and the micro-structure and variation of the biofilm during the treatment were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results show that the fungal MBR is effective in decolorization of the dyes under non-sterile condition.The decolorization rate is high in the initial stages.For X-3B of 50 mg/L,the two fungal MBRs can decolorize about 65% of dye in 1 day,and more than 80% in 4 days.The decolorization rate decreases with increases in dye concentration and retention time.Meanwhile,the white rot fungi biofilm experiences a decrease in biomass.To ensure a stable source of white rot fungi in the initial stage for better dye decolorization,the Phanerochaete chrysosporium should be incubated in the sterilized culture medium for several days and the bioreactors also need to be washed and disinfected.The high dye loading and microbial contamination are the two major factors that affect the biofilm structure and the decolorizing capability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium.In practice,lowering the dye concentration,stopping the influent and adding culture medium at the appropriate time are necessary to recover the biofilm structure and biodegradation activity.


For decades after the Second World War the number of academic works in English concerned with captured servicemen as an aspect of international relations could be counted on the fingers of one hand. Historians of foreign policy looked to grand strategy while military historians viewed prisoners of war as ipso facto superfluous to their concerns. Over the past 15 or so years, however, the number of relevant articles and monographs, not least with respect to the war in Europe, has increased dramatically. Scholars from the postwar generations in a variety of disciplines have devoted their energies to tracking down available records and constructing increasingly detailed and sophisticated analyses of the prisoner-of-war (POW) diplomacy conducted by the major belligerents. Britain's policy in particular has been scrutinized and chronicled extensively; partly no doubt because sources are in English, but also due to the fact that the extant documents are well catalogued, concentrated, and accessible. It therefore seems legitimate to wonder if another study can add anything of significance to what has already been published. In the case of Barbed Wire Diplomacy the answer is unquestionably yes, it can. At first glance this might not seem to be the case, since aside from an opening chapter largely devoted to international relations theory and terminology—a reminder that the author is a professor of politics rather than history, though an understanding of what "regime" means in this context is unquestionably helpful—the chapters unfold in a mostly conventional and chronological fashion. A discussion of the development of the pre-war conventions governing the treatment of POWs is succeeded by sections on various aspects and problems of the first years of the war, and is followed by chapters dealing with the road to and from the extensively studied Shackling Crisis of 1942–43, the wartime influence of the British Commonwealth (above all Canada) on policy decisions emanating from London, the fallout from Hitler's decision to shoot 50 of those who broke out in 1944 in "The Great Escape," and the problems associated with the imminent and actual collapse of the Third Reich in 1945. A closer look, however, indicates that


Objective To investigate the clinical features of somatized symptoms in patients of psychological clinic service in general hospital and the therapeutic effects of antidepressants in treatment of depression with somatized symptoms. Methods A total of 188 patients with somatized symptoms consulted by psychiatrists in general hospital were analyzed for the distribution of characteristics and psychiatric diagnosis. Thirty- nine patients with depression were treated by paroxetine,and the therpeutic effects were assessed with HAMD17 and HAMA .Results The extremely frequent somatized symptoms were sleep disorder,complaint of the heart and lung,complaint of the cephalosume and complaint of the gastrointestinal. The patients were diagnosed as depression,anxiety disorder,somatoform disorder,schizophrenia and other mental disorders. The scores of HAMD17 and HAMA in patients with paroxetine significantly dicreased after treatment.Conclusion The clinical features of the somatized symptoms are miscellaneous and involve nearly all systems. Nearly all the mental disorders possibly are accompanied by somatized symptoms. Paroxetine is effective in treatment of depression with somatized symptoms.


Microspheres of silica (M) having an outer diameter between 50 and 125 m, preferably between 60 and 90 m, a wall thickness greater than 1 m, preferably between 1 and 3 m and a density between 0.3 and 0.7 g / cm3, manufacturing process by injecting silica microsphere precursor (MS, PR1, PR1 ', PR2') in an inductively coupled plasma (P) joints and possible uses of the microspheres silica (M).


In order to analyze the microscopic stress field acting on residual oil droplets in micro pores, calculate its deformation, and explore the hydrodynamic mechanism of viscous-elastic fluids displacing oil droplets, the viscous-elastic fluid flow equations in micro pores are established by choosing the Upper Convected Maxwell constitutive equation; the numerical solutions of the flow field are obtained by volume control and Alternate Direction Implicit methods. From the above, the velocity field and microscopic stress field; the forces acting on residual oil droplets; the deformations of residual oil droplets by various viscous-elastic displacing fluids and at various Wiesenberg numbers are calculated and analyzed. The result demonstrated that both the normal stress and horizontal force acting on the residual oil droplets by viscous-elastic fluids are much larger compared to that of inelastic fluid; the distribution of normal stress changes abruptly; under the condition of the same pressure gradient in the system under investigation, the ratio of the horizontal forces acting on the residual oil droplets by different displacing fluids (which are water, a power-law fluid with a power law index of 0.6 and a viscous-elastic fluid with a Wiesenberger Number of 0.3 respectively) is about 1:8:20, which means that under the above conditions, the driving force on a oil droplet is 20 times higher for a viscous-elastic fluid compared to that of a Newtonian Fluid. This force must be considered when studying the mechanism of isolated oil droplets mobilization. Furthermore, the viscous-elastic fluids will cause the residual oil droplet to deform much more significantly, beneficial to the mobilization of residual oil droplets. The above results are very beneficial to understanding the mechanism of the mobilization of residual oil droplets by viscous-elastic fluids; the conclusions are supportive of the mechanism that viscous-elastic driving fluids can increase the Displacement Efficiency. This should be of help in designing new chemicals and selecting Enhanced Oil Recovery systems.


The traffic sign recognition system is a vital aspect of an intelligent transportation system since it provides information to drivers to help them drive more safely and effectively. This paper addresses some of these concerns, which will be accomplished in two steps. The first is the detection of traffic signs, which is divided into two stages. After a picture has been preprocessed to emphasize relevant information, signs are segmented based on color thresholding, shape-based detection. The second task is the recognition of traffic signs. There are two steps involved in this method. In this study, Histogram of Oriented Gradient is utilized as a feature extractor, and Random Forest Classifier is used in the recognition stage. The findings of the experiment show that utilizing Random Forest Classifier resulted in an accuracy score of 95.59 %, precision of 97.55 %, recall of 95.37% in the recognition process and 90.34 % accuracy in the detection process.