The utility model belongs to the field of shock resistance and absorption for engineering and equipment, and particularly relates to a high-damping anti-overturning composite shock isolation support, which is mainly used for shock isolation and absorption for large-sized equipment such as a power transformer, a rector and the like. The composite shock isolation support comprises an upper support and a lower support, and is characterized in that the upper support and the lower support are respectively formed by connecting a plurality of shock isolation cushions in parallel, the upper support and the lower support are connected in series by a middle support, an upper support plate is arranged at the upper end of the upper support, and a lower support plate is arranged at the lower end of the lower support. The support has the advantages of low horizontal shearing rigidity, high damping, fine stability, high bearing capacity and the like. By adopting the structure combining series connection and parallel connection, not only can the horizontal rigidity and bearing capacity of a single layer of the composite shock isolation support be improved, but also the integral horizontal rigidity of the composite shock isolation support can be reduced, and the integral deformability and the integral anti-overturning capacity of the composite shock isolation support are enhanced.


Childcare has long been known as the Cinderella service, but this cannot continue if the government, present or future, truly wants to provide world class provision that finally closes the disadvantage gap.


Historical Records as the typical writing is not mainly for its chronic style focusing on the narration of various figures,even not for its art of describing various figures and narration and its art of language,but for its depicting of figures' spirit,namely,the essence of life.Essence of life is integrated with biographies in Historical Records,embodied with rhythms.Therefore,those excellent biographies are significant as Lu Xun's comments;they are filled with the aesthetic nature of poetry and are the relevant point of nature of history and literature.


Immobilizing zwitterionic molecules on material surfaces has been a promising strategy for creating antifouling surfaces. Herein, we show the ability to surface derivatize an allyl ether functionalized thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with a zwitterionic thiol in a radically-induced thiol-ene reaction. The thermoplastic polyurethane was synthesized to have an allyl ether side functionality using a modified chain extender molecule. The Zwitterion surface-functionalization was achieved via thiol-ene reaction in aqueous conditions. The presence of chemically tethered zwitterion moieties on the TPU surface was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Protein adsorption experiments via quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) show reduced fibrinogen attachment for the zwitterion-derivatized TPU when compared to its unfunctionalized controls. The Zwitterion-TPU also showed a log scale reduction in bacterial adherence. For P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis, the Zwitterion-TPU resulted in around a 40% and 50% lower bacterial biomass accumulation, respectively over the timescale of the experiment. The fibroblast cell viability of TPU remained unaffected by functionalization with zwitterion thiol. Results from our model experiments suggest a zwitterion modified TPU is a promising candidate for antifouling catheters.


Introduction 1. The framework of the study 2. Textile processed and technology 3. Developments in the industry 1945-59 4. The 1959 Cotton Industry Act 5. Some comments on the Act 6. The Lancashire textile industry Appendices.


[Objective]To investigate the clinical significance of detecting the level of immunoglubulin(IgG,IgM,IgA),complement(C3,C4) and high sensitive C reactive protein(hsCRP) in hepatitis patients with liver cirrhosis.[Methods]The level of IgG,IgM,IgA,C3,C4 and hsCRP in 76 hepatitis patients with cirrhosis were detected and compared with the health control.[Results]Levels of IgM、IgG、hsCRP in patients were significantly higher than that in health controls(P0.01);C3 and C4 were significantly lower than control(respective P0.01 or P0.05);there was no significance between IgA with control(P0.05).[Conclusion]There were significantly correlation between immunoglobulin,complement and hsCRP with liver cirrhosis.It could act as the quota to judge the state of hepatopathy,understand the prognosis and guide the clinical treatment.


PURPOSE
To investigate strategies to achieve confluent kidney-tissue ablation by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Our model of the perfused ex-vivo porcine kidney was used. Tissue ablation was performed with an experimental HIFU device (Storz Medical, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland). Lesion-to-lesion interaction was investigated by varying the lesion distance (5 to 2.5 mm), generator power (300, 280, and 260 W), cooling time (10, 20, and 30 seconds), and exposure time (4, 3, and 2 seconds). The lesion rows were analyzed grossly and by histologic examination (hematoxylin-eosin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide staining).

RESULTS
It was possible to achieve complete homogeneous ablation of a clinically relevant tissue volume but only by meticulous adjustment of the exposure parameters. Minimal changes in these parameters caused changes in lesion formation with holes within the lesions and lesion-to-lesion interaction.

CONCLUSIONS
Our preliminary results show that when using this new device, HIFU can ablate a large tissue volume homogeneously in perfused ex-vivo porcine tissue under standardized conditions with meticulous adjustment of exposure parameters. Further investigations in vivo are necessary to test whether large tissue volumes can be ablated completely and reliably despite the influence of physiologic tissue and organ movement.


During the reception of a TV programme, a TV receiver device (R1) receives combined request and response pairs and stores said pairs in a memory, a combined request and response pair including a request intended for the interactive programme guide server (2) and a response to said request from the interactive server (2). In the event of a new request from the receiver device (R1) intended for the interactive server (2), a verification step (F7) is provided in which the receiver device (Ri) verifies whether said new request (REQ1) matches a request included in a previously received and valid combined response and request pair (REQk, RESPk) and, if the new request (REQ1) matches a request (REQk) included in a previously received combined request and response pair (REQk, RESPk), a step (F8) is provided of obtaining the response (RESPk) combined with the request (REQk) matching the fresh request (REQ1) in a memory (19) of the receiver device (R1).


With Chinese goosebeery as a major raw material, and carrageenan and gelatin as the main colloidal substances, the fruit jelly developed with high nutritional value, good sensory properties and health function. By single test and orthogonal test, the optimum ratio of carrageenan to gelatin. Chinese goosebeery fruit jelly macaque, the color production process and formula, etc. were studied. The optimum formula is: Chinese goosebeery fruit juice 9%, carrageenan 0.7%, gelatin 0.1%. CMC-Na 0.2%, sugar 12%, sodium cyclamate 1%, citric acid 0.3%, sodium citrate 0.15% and approciate flavor.


For most patients with heart failure therapy usually involves the use of a diuretic, sometimes digoxin,1 and occasionally a sympathomimetic.2 In some patients symptoms will still persist and in this article we review a fourth approach - the vasodilators.


In this two-pronged work we report ~a! a study of defect nucleation in three-dimensional confined nanoislands and~b! a surface-elasticity induced size effect in the optoelectronic properties of embedded and templated semiconducting nanostructures. Several key features in the design of nanostructure templates are analyzed and dislocation free contour maps are presented for combination of various lattice mismatches, substrates, and geometrical dimensions. Unlike the case for thin epitaxial films, it is found that for nanostructures, below a certain critical lateral dimension, dislocation free structures of any thickness can be grown. With regards to the optoelectronic properties of nanostructures, while size dependency due to quantum confinement and electrostatic interactions are well known, we show that an additional size-dependent strain is caused by the distinct elastic behavior of surfaces and interfaces at the nanoscopic scale compared to the macroscopic scale. This is in contrast to the usual way strain is linked to optoelectronic properties, i.e., via classical elasticity, which ignores surface energies and is intrinsically size independent . Surface strains appear to be only influential in the nanometer regime due to appreciable surface-to-volume ratios. Among our major conclusions are that errors as large as 100 meV in band-gap prediction can incur if this size-dependent surface effect is ignored. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.@DOI: 10.1063/1.1737477 #


This work was conducted from July 2001 to June 2002 in a sugarcane plantation in Oratorios, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with the objective of studying the impact of low intensity controlled fire (235.26 kcal.s-1.m-1) of sugarcane dry foliage on the foraging activity of A. bisphaerica. During the entire period the present study, a negative correlation between ant flow in the trail and temperature and air humidity was observed. Days without rain also increased ant workers' flow. Foraging activity was reassumed in the trail only 15 days after burning and showed a pattern similar to that of a colony located at an unburned area. However, an estimated of 518.0 to 670.0 g of freshly cut vegetation per day did not enter the nest during the recovery period. This certainly could reflect in losses for colony development.


Respiratory diseases are amongst the most complex pathophysiological entities in medicine. There is no such thing as a one-item disease in our field, which brings the appeal of respiratory diseases for basic and clinical scientists. The most prevalent respiratory diseases are chronic, exhibiting multiple mechanistic pathways that can vary during the course of the disease. This has not only hampered pathogenetic research, but has also impeded adequate disease phenotyping [1]. Apparently, it takes more than a few clinical and serum markers to establish the true biomedical entity of complex diseases. The good news is that, as we speak, medicine is making a step-change in achieving exactly that [2].

It is now increasingly recognised that the clinical, physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease cannot be addressed separately. Instead, it is more likely that an integrative approach that links these various domains of disease will get closer to a true understanding of disease [1, 2]. The problem in chronic respiratory medicine has been that each of the disease domains by itself is characterised by multiple perturbed mechanisms in parallel or in series, so that adequately describing various disease states requires capturing this seeming "chaos" by: 1) high-throughput measurements in each of these disease domains; 2) sophisticated multi-scale mathematical integration of these data [3] to come to; 3) unbiased discovery of (changes in) mechanistic pathways. "Omics" techniques follow this approach [4–6].

Based on developments in molecular medicine and bioinformatics during the past decade [7], a "systems medicine" approach has now become a very powerful option for capturing the complexity of diseases in general [1] and respiratory diseases in particular [3]. The required high-throughput "omics" tools are now available for use in blood, secretions …


Most of the analytical work on slotted Aloha has been concerned with maximizing the utilization. The delay experienced by a transmission has not been a primary issue. In this note we take the opposite point of view. It is assumed that the system is operating far below capacity (as is typical in practice), and we concern ourselves with the problem of minimizing packet delay in the event of a collision. The retry distribution that minimizes the average delay is derived. Surprisingly, the optimal retry distribution has finite support, and in fact, one never waits more than three slots before retransmitting.


Using the positron as a microscopic probe, we measured rates and activation energies for the ditiusion of color centers in single crystals of NaCI, KCI, RbCI, and CsCI. The diffusion rates of positrons are so large that time-dependent changes in the positron-trapping probability are related to the dynamics of defect aggregation, dissociation from clusters, or vacancy-interstitial recombination. The crystals were damaged to F-center saturation (3 x 1018 ~ m ~ ) by 32 keV (maximum) X-rays (48 Mrad/h at 20 oC to a total dose of 0.75 Grad.). Isothermal measurements between 20 OC and 200 OC were performed in a n-radian coincidence appartus (PICA) for recording the two 0.5 MeV positron-electron annihilation y rays emerging from the crystals. The data reveal that the initial thermal defect migration proceeds more quickly for larger cations, e.g., at 120 OC in lo3 min. for NaCl and in 10 min. for CsCl, ceterisparibus. We observed bleaching of the crystals by positrons at temperatures where the color is thermally stable. This fact complicates the identification of color centers as positron traps. The PICA count rates trace the subsequent long-time annealing of the crystals as the crystals approach pre-irradiation conditions. 1 . Introduction. We report preliminary results of the technique of positron annihilation used to measure rates and activation energies for the diffusion of color centers and other positron-trapping defects in X-ray-irradiated NaCI, KCI, RbCl, and CsC1. The work complements the method first applied to NaCl by Brandt and Paulin [I, 21. Positrons implanted in a crystal thermalize rapidly and quickly diffuse to defects ( 5 100 ps) [3]. Subsequent positron-electron annihilation produces a symmetrical angular distribution I (0) about 1800 of two coincidently emitted 0.51 MeV y rays. The angle 8 = p/m,c is related to the momentum component p of the annihilating antiparticle pair in the direction normal to the plane of the two colinear coincidencecounter slits. (*) Work supported by the United States National Science Foundation. A diffusing positron trapped by a defect forms an annihilation center where it can encounter electrons of lower momenta than it would in the crystalline bulk 14, 51. Consequently, I ( 0 ) is narrower and the peak I(0 = 0) higher in a crystal with annihilation centers than in a perfect crystal. For example, thermal treatment may release point defects from an inhomogeneous distribution of clusters throughout the region of positron implantation to increase trapping of positrons. Alternatively, defects may aggregate into a second, more efficient species of positron trap. The evolution of these processes can be followed by the coincidence count rate for 0 = 0 in a .n-radian coincidence appartus (PICA) as a function of time at constant anneal temperature. 2. Experiment. A crystal first annealed in air at 400 OC for ca. 22 h was irradiated for 15.8 h at room temperature by X-rays of maximum energy * Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1980630 DYNAMICS OF POSITRON-TRAPPING COLOR CENTERS C6-113 32 keV at a dose rate of 48 Mrad/h. For NaCl and KG1 this dose saturated the increase in the roomtemperature, post-irradiation PICA rate I, = I, (t = 0, 8 = 0) with respect to that of the annealed crystal I, at (I, -Ia)/Ia = 13.5 f 0.4 % and 9.6 A0.4 %, respectively. The F-center concentrations of the NaCl and KC1 X-irradiated crystals in the region of positron implantation (depth 0.01 cm) were measured by optical absorption to be 3 x 10'' cm-3. The latter value is consistent with the saturation measured by Sonder and Templeton [6]. There appears to be a correspondence between the saturation increase of the PICA rate and the saturation concentration of F-centers produced by X-ray irradiation. Following irradiation, the crystal is placed into PICA. The system consists of a 15 mCi "Na positron source affixed 0.36 cm from the sample located at the pivot point of two collimators 180° apart. The collimators shield the two NaI(T1) scintillator-photomultiplier tube assemblies, each placed 2 m from the sample. Before each run, the post-Xirradiation PICA rate I, is measured at room temperature. Then the sample heater is turned on at t = 0, and the sample temperature stabilizes at some preset value T in about 4 min. Also starting at t = 0, the PICA rate I(t, 0 = 0) is determined as a function of t.


In this paper, we discuss ion beam etching (IBE) and reactive ion etching (RIE) of the Tantalum sensor capping layer. Limitations of physical etching are presented. A RIE approach that exhibits excellent selectivity between Ta and NiFe or CoFe is presented. Finally, the fabrication of exchange tabs for GMR sensor stabilization using this method is shown.


This paper puts forth the "three-factor method"for the first time to explain the forming mechanism of lift-off. Compared with the traditional "Bi-Segregation" invalidation mechanism, the"three-factor method" can explain the causes of lift-off formed or non-formed by all lead-free solders with and without bismuth. Finally,the restraining countermeasures against lift-off are also given.


could overcome detection problems of partial aneuploidies, as in Cases 1 and 2. The frequency for the occurrence of a trisomy for a comparable derivative chromosome, as described here, is probably very low, although to our knowledge no systematic larger study on that topic has been performed to date, at least in prenatal diagnostic settings. The two cases reported here clearly demonstrate limitations of rapid aneuploidy detection and to some extent of standard cytogenetic analysis also. If there are any doubts or discrepancies then additional molecular cytogenetic techniques should be applied in order to rule out the possibility of missing any relevant information.


Two statistical downscaling (SD) models, the nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model (NHMM) and the statistical down‐scaling model (SDSM), which have been widely applied and proved skillful in terms of downscaling precipitation, were evaluated based on observed daily precipitation over the Tarim River basin, an arid basin located in China. The evaluated metrics included residual functions, correlation analyses, probability density functions (PDFs) and distributions. Overall, both models exhibited stability with little model performance difference between the calibration and validation periods. There was little difference for model performance on dry‐spell length (dsl) and wet‐spell length (wsl) between NHMM and SDSM. NHMM showed skill in simulating wet‐day precipitation amount (wpa), whilst SDSM performed relatively poorly on extreme values of wpa, especially for dry stations with annual precipitation lower than 200 mm. Both NHMM and SDSM captured the spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation for most of the stations, as 11 months had an at‐station correlation coefficient being greater than 0.9 and 0.8 for NHMM and SDSM in calibration period. NHMM showed slightly better model performance than SDSM on simulating monthly precipitation, as the former was able to model precipitation well for all months, whereas the later was well only for certain months. SDSM was able to capture the inter‐site correlation characteristics of observed series, whilst the NHMM multi‐site simulation over estimated inter‐site correlation. Both NHMM and SDSM had less skill downscaling annual series because of stochastic components in precipitation amounts modelling. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society


The Multiplicity Counter for Thermal and Fast Neutrons (MC-TF) is a field-deployable device that first responders can use to quickly assess in real-time and with high confidence the threat level posed by a suspected nuclear weapon. The MC-TF is designed to detect time-correlated fast and thermal neutrons unique to special nuclear material (SNM); the core of a nuclear weapon.


The difficulties in financing arising from the imperfect financial system,the lack of motivation in mechanism and the lower level service have greatly hampered the economic growth and social development. It is stated that the promotion of financial system reform,the optimization in the allocation of financial resources in underdeveloped areas are of great significance in stimulating regional economic development and the rise of farmers ' income.


This article explores and discusses the role and benefits of using technology in Afghanistan schools and universities. It means that teachers are using technology in their classes as an important way of interacting and communicating with students, technology has the great ability to build the relationship between teacher and students. Through use of technology students' role is changed from passive to active and they change from receiver of information and knowledge produced by teacher or other teaching sources to producer and sender of knowledge and information. Teacher plays the role of guide or facilitator of learning process by giving instruction, setting learning and project goals and providing guidelines. It is worth mentioning that students are going to reach to self-autonomy and teacher would not be the center of all activities and attention as the source of information anymore. Students will be self-directed and will take the responsibility of their won learning and they would be able to set goals, make decision and evaluate their improvem ent in learning process. Beside that students' willingness and interest would be increased.


Purpose. Examine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the use of methods of measurement of fractional flow reserve in the treatment of coronary heart disease patients with multivessel coronary. Materials and Methods. The study included 62 patients with coronary heart disease and multivessel coronary disease who underwent multi-stage endovascular revascularization. Results. Conducting clinical and economic analysis showed that the use of additional methods of measurement of fractional flow reserve in patients with multivessel coronary disease increases the cost of percutaneous coronary interventions during the first phase of myocardial revascularization. But at the same time, it reduces the cost of treatment of the patient in general, reducing the «cost of disease.» This is achieved by reducing the need for patient readmission rates for the second phase of myocardial revascularization.


Results of ab initio calculations on the reaction pathways for the hydrogen addition to methanediazonium ion (CH3NN+) and methyl isocyanide (CH3NC) at both central and terminal atoms as well as for the stereomutation of α-adducts are reported. Structures of points on the energy surfaces were determined at the UHF/3-21 G level while their relative energies were estimated at UMP4SDQ/6-31 G**. Thermochemical properties were also computed. The α-addition of H˙ either to the terminal nitrogen of CH3NN+ or to the carbon atom of CH3NC is not stereospecific. Only a single transition structure can be located in each case. At the transition state, the substrate is only marginally bent. Soon after the transition state is passed, a bifurcation of the addition pathway occurs leading to the formation of both cis- and trans-isomers of the adduct. In both cases, the trans-adduct is more stable than the cis; the cis–trans stereomutation takes place via nitrogen inversion of the methyl group and requires only 5–6 kcal mol–1 therefore the trans-isomer should be the major adduct. The β-addition to central nitrogen exhibits, in both cases, an appreciably larger energy barrier which precludes the formation of the β-adduct.


| Recall and Precision have become the principle measures of the e ectiveness of information retrieval systems. Inherent in these measures of performance is the idea of a relevant document. Although recall and precision are easily and unambiguously de ned, selecting the documents relevant to a query has long been recognised as problematic. To compare performance of di erent systems, standard collections of documents, queries, and relevance judgements have been used. Unfortunately the standard collections, such as SMART and TREC, have locked in a particular approach to relevance and this has a ected subsequent research. Two styles of information need are distinguished, high precision and high recall, and a method of forming relevance judgements suitable for each is described. The issues are illustrated by comparing two retrieval systems, keyword retrieval and semantic signatures, on di erent sets of relevance judgements. 2 Introduction Four decades of testing information retrieval systems suggests that automated keyword search is a very e ective means of nding relevant material. This outcome is understandable when a query is expressed using words that are speci c to the query's topic, but many have felt there must be room for improvement in the general case. Recent attempts to improve the e ectiveness of information retrieval systems include adding natural language processing techniques (Fagan, 1987; Smeaton, 1987; Gallant et al., 1992; Wallis, 1993), broadening the query using automatic and general purpose thesauri (Crouch, 1990; Thom and Wallis, 1992), document clustering techniques (El-hamdouch and Willett, 1989), and other statistical methods (Deerwester et al., 1990). The measured performance of these techniques has not been encouraging. In this paper we argue that the reason for this result may lie in biases associated with the assessment method rather than with the information retrieval techniques being proposed. The emphasis in information retrieval research has been, it seems, on users who want to nd just a few relevant documents quickly. Once such a user has found the required information, he or she stops searching. In the extreme case, these users want a system that nds a single relevant document and as few as possible non-relevant items. In other words, they need a system that emphasises high precision. In many situations, however, a user must be fairly con dent that a literature search has found all relevant material; such a user requires high recall. Su (1994) has found that users are more concerned with absolute recall than with precision. Her results were based on information requests by users in an academic environment, but her ndings are applicable to other users. For instance when lodging a new patent at the Patent O ce it is necessary to retrieve all relevant, or partially relevant, material. Finding precedence cases in legal work, and intelligence gathering, are other situations in which high recall is desirable. Some might argue that there is no need for high recall retrieval systems because existing tools are good enough. Cleverdon (1974) has suggested that, because there is signi cant redundancy in the content of documents, all the relevant information on a topic will be found in only a quarter of the relevant documents. However a user interested in high recall will need to nd much more than a quarter of the relevant documents, because it is unlikely that the rst 25% of the relevant documents an information retrieval system nds will be exactly those that contain all the relevant information. Users who need high recall information retrieval get by with existing high precision tools, but there is a need for systems that emphasise this side of the problem. Apart from practical bene ts, improving the recall of information retrieval systems is an interesting research problem. Swanson (1988) has said there are conceptual problems in information retrieval that have been largely ignored. One of the \postulates of impotence" he proposes is that human judgement can bring something to information retrieval that computers cannot because computers cannot understand text. Our work on semantic signatures goes part way toward computer understanding and shows where understanding can contribute to the information retrieval process. In this paper we show that the high recall part of the information retrieval problem may have been ignored, not because people have found the problem esoteric or uninteresting, but because they have not had the tools to e ectively test ideas. This paper is structured as follows. In the section on relevance judgements and information retrieval we look at what it means for a document to be relevant and how relevance has been assessed in some existing test collections. In that section we also de ne recall and precision, and describe the tradeo between them. In the section on information retrieval and assessing recall we describe how information retrieval measurement is usually biased towards high precision rather than high recall. We also discuss the limitations of using the TREC collection and discuss why this collection does not solve the problem of assessing recall for information retrieval systems that support ad hoc queries. In the section comparing two systems for recall we describe information retrieval based on semantic signatures and compare it with standard 3 keyword retrieval. The relevance judgements of one popular test collection are re-evaluated, and we show that on a small test set of queries, whereas the existing relevance judgements support keyword retrieval, semantic signatures have a signi cant advantage using the revised set of relevance judgements. Relevance judgements and information retrieval Information retrieval systems are usually considered to contain a static set of documents, from which a user is wanting to extract those documents she or he will nd interesting. Some documents are relevant to the user, and others are not. The e ectiveness of any query can be measured by computing recall and precision gures based on a list of documents that are considered to be relevant. For a given query and information retrieval system, recall measures the number relevant documents retrieved as a proportion all relevant documents, and precision measures the number of relevant documents retrieved as a proportion all documents retrieved. The perfect system would return a set of documents to the user containing all the relevant documents, and only the relevant documents. Such a query would have recall of 1:0 and a precision of 1:0. Critical to computing recall and precision gures is determining lists of relevant documents for given queries. Intuitively a relevant document is one that satis es some requirement in the user's head. Saracevic (1975) describes this approach to relevance as \a primitive \y' know" concept, as is information for which we hardly need a de nition". This concept of relevance was the basis of early relevance judgements in which the person who formulated the query chose the relevant documents. Only one person (the requester) was asked to collect the judgements for each request, and dichotomous assessments were made to declare each document either relevant or not (Lesk and Salton, 1969). The position that the requester knows what she or he wants, and is therefore the person who knows what is relevant, is entirely reasonable, but it is not necessarily a good means of assessing the e ectiveness of a retrieval system. What a user wants may not be what she or he describes. There are several approaches taken to this problem. The simplest is to ignore it; recall and precision can only be used comparatively anyway and Lesk and Salton (1969) have shown that user judgements can be used e ectively to compare the performance of di erent systems. At the other extreme, many have tried to nd a formal de nition of relevance that would allow us to say de nitively whether a text was relevant or not. A good example of this approach is Cooper's (1971) de nition of logical relevance. More recently the TIPSTER and TREC projects employ specially trained relevance assessors (Harman, 1992) who, it is assumed, can make consistent and accurate assessments of relevance. Naturally it is optimistic to expect a third party, be it a machine or an information o cer, to nd what the author of a query wants rather than what the author actually requests. Having a machine retrieve all and only the documents the user considers relevant from a badly worded query would tell us more about the user's mind than about the ability of the machine to convert queries into useful sets of documents. In many cases users do not express their desires clearly and the same query can be given by two users with signi cantly di erent meanings. Consider the four queries shown in Figure 1 that are selected from the Communications of the ACM (CACM) test set of 64 queries and 3204 documents provided with the SMART information retrieval system (Buckley et al., 1988). Query 19 is quite ambiguous. Does the author of this request want examples of parallel algorithms, or information about parallel algorithms? And does the author want everything on parallel algorithms, or simply a few examples? Figure 2 illustrates the di erence between user judgements and those of a third party. The problem of judging relevance has been around for a long time and the idea of third party judges is not new. There can be signi cant disagreement, not only between a third 4 Query 15 Find all discussions of horizontal microcode optimisation with special emphasis on optimisation of loops and global optimisation. Query 19 Parallel algorithms Query 39 What does type compatibilitymean in languages that allow programmer de ned types? (You might want to restrict this to \extensible" languages that allow de nition of abstract data types or programmer-supplied de nitions of operators like *, +.) Query 64 List all articles on EL1 and ECL (EL1 may b


Chiral stationary phases (CSPs) and molecular structure of enantiomers are two independent but related aspects in enantiosepara- tion, which are discussed on the basis of the experimental data from the previous study. Two enantioseparation experiments are performed to illustrate the relationship between enantiomer structures and chiral stationary phases, one is the resolution of mandelic acid derivatives and the other is about prasugrel. Thermodynamic mechanism and theoretical study with computational chemistry method is helpful to understand the interactions of enantiomer and CSPs.


Energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging is a powerful technique, which can remotely probe the properties of distant hot plasmas. Hot plasmas are abundant at the heliospheric boundary, the region where the expanding solar wind meets the surrounding local interstellar cloud. Here we present a new concept for imaging this boundary in ENA fluxes. Heliospheric ENAs are born from charge exchange between energetic protons and the background interstellar atomic hydrogen gas. The technique is ideal for studying the asymmetric three-dimensional heliospheric interface region remotely, from 1 AU. We show that ENA imaging in the 0.2–6 keV energy range will establish the nature of the termination shock and properties of hot proton populations in the heliosheath. We also examine how the evolution of pickup proton populations at and beyond the shock can be explored. Global heliosphere ENA images will distinguish among the competing models of the interaction between the Sun and the local interstellar medium, and they will reveal the physics of important processes in the interface region. Heliospheric ENA fluxes are exceptionally weak, which makes imaging implementation difficult. Nonetheless, we show how single-pixel ENA sensors can image the heliosphere from a spinning spacecraft on a typical mission near 1 AU. The required instrumentation is briefly discussed.


Maternal immunological tolerance of the semiallogeneic fetus involves several overlapping mechanisms to balance maternal immunity and fetal development. Anti-paternal CD8 ؉ T cells are suppressed during pregnancy in some but not all mouse models. Since semen has been shown to mediate immune modulation, we tested whether exposure to paternal Ag during insemination activated or tolerized anti-paternal CD8 ؉ T cells. The uterine lumen of mated female mice contained male MHC I ؉ cells that stimulated effector, but not naive, CD8 ؉ T cells ex vivo. Maternal MHC class I ؉ myeloid cells fluxed into the uterine lumen in response to mating and cross-presented male H-Y Ag to effector, but not naive, CD8 ؉ T cells ex vivo. However, neither unprimed nor previously primed TCR-transgenic CD8 ؉ T cells specific for either paternal MHC I or H-Y Ag proliferated in vivo after mating. These T cells subsequently responded normally to i.p. challenge, implicating ignorance rather than anergy as the main reason for the lack of response. CD8 ؉ T cells responded to either peptide Ag or male cells delivered intravaginally in ovariec-tomized mice, but this response was inhibited by systemic estradiol (inducing an estrus-like state). Subcutaneous Ag induced responses in both cases. Allogeneic dendritic cells did not induce responses intravaginally even in ovariectomized mice in the absence of estradiol. These results suggest that inhibition of antiallogeneic responses is restricted both locally to the reproductive tract and temporally to the estrous phase of the menstrual cycle, potentially decreasing the risk of maternal immunization against paternal Ags during insemination. M aternal antifetal responses are regulated at several points before and during gestation (1– 4). Allogeneic paternal gene products, especially MHC class I (MHC I), 3 are expressed on the placental trophoblast (5–7). However, the issue of whether anti-paternal CD8 ϩ T cells respond to placental Ags during gestation remains controversial. In normal mice, anti-paternal CD8 ϩ T cells were neither activated nor suppressed during pregnancy (Ref. 8 and also K. unpublished observations). Results from TCR-transgenic models have been contradictory. In two studies, the numbers or functions of anti-paternal CD8 ϩ T cells were reduced during pregnancy (9, 10). These results may have been influenced by the unusual presence of extremely large numbers of anti-paternal CD8 ϩ T cells in the TCR-transgenic mice. In a third model, using either TCR-transgenic mice directly, or adoptive transfer of smaller numbers of TCR-transgenic cells to mimic a …


Aerosol extinction coefficient profile (ECP) is important in radiative transfer modeling, however, knowledge of ECP in some area has not been clearly recognized. To get a full understanding of statistical characteristics of ECP in three Asian regions: the Mongolian Plateau, the North China Plain and the Yellow Sea, CALIPSO aerosol product in 2012 is processed by conventional statistical methods. Orbit averaged ECP turns out to be mainly exponential and Gaussian patterns. Curve fitting shows that the two ECP patterns account for more than 50 percent of all the samples, especially in the Yellow Sea where the frequency of occurrence even reaches over 80 percent. Parameters determining fitting curves are provided consequently. To be specific, Gaussian pattern is the main ECP distribution in the Mongolian Plateau and the Yellow Sea, and exponential pattern predominates in the North China Plain. Besides, aerosol scale height reaches its maximum in summer and in the Mongolian Plateau. Meanwhile, the uplifting and deposition of dust during transportation are potentially explanations to the occurrence of Gaussian ECP. The results have certain representativeness, and contribute to reducing uncertainties of aerosol model in relevant researches.


This research paper aims to analyze the comparative between British English and American English, because many language learners or English users still confuse to differentiate both of them, especially in the countries where English is foreign language. Sometimes, it cause misunderstanding in communication. The research paper use qualitative research design with characteristic of content analysis. It uses observation and documentation in collecting the data. The obtained data is vocabulary in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary 9th edition which published in 2015. The researcher took 150 words to be analyzed. Based on the data analysis there are three differences in Vocabulary of British English and American English.  The researchers divide the differences into three categories they are differences in Vocabulary (word using), spelling, and pronunciation. The researcher found 50 different words in vocabulary (word using), 50 different words in spelling and 50 words which have differences in pronunciation. Based on findings of this research, it is significant for language learners or English user to know the differences of British English and American English and improve their vocabulary of British and American English in order to decrease misunderstanding in communication. The researchers hope language learners or English user can decide which English varieties that will they use and the can use one of English varieties consistently.


President Kieff, President-Elect Collins, members, and guests of the Association, I am honored to present to you Dr. Francois M. Abboud, the recipient of the 2009 Kober Medal of the Association of American Physicians (Figure (Figure1).1). This is the Association's highest award, given to individuals who have made transformational contributions to American medicine.

Figure 1

Dr. Francois M. Abboud, 2009 Kober medalist.


The following investigation was designed to study the healing of replanted teeth when the formation of a blood coagulum in the alveolar socket is avoided as much as possible before replantation. Eighteen maxillary incisors from 4 beagle dogs were used. The teeth were extracted and stored dry for 30 min in order to induce a standardized damage to the periodontal ligament cells, and were then replanted and splinted. Nine of the sockets were continuously irrigated with saline to achieve hemostasis before replantation. In 9 sockets a coagulum was allowed to form. After 2 wk the root canals were cleansed and filled with Ca(OH)2 and the splints were removed. Three months later the dogs were sacrified and the premaxillas were removed and processed according to routine histologic methods. Transverse sections were cut and one section at every 500 μm interval was analyzed using light microscopy. Ankylosis was found in 3 teeth replanted in saline-irrigated sockets, while 8 teeth replanted in untreated sockets were ankylosed. Resorption without ankylosis was found in all teeth, irrespective of type of treatment of the alveolar sockets, but a tendency toward less extensive resorption areas was noted in the teeth replanted in saline-irrigated sockets. Thus, the present study indicates that continuous irrigation of the alveolar socket with saline before replantation promotes the normal healing of experimentally exarticulated teeth in dogs.


Compact 2-pole and 4-pole tunable filters have been developed to cover the 0.9–1.5 GHz bandwidth. The proposed filters are based on a mixed coupling to ensure a near constant absolute bandwidth during tuning operation. They are fabricated on a duroid substrate (εr=3.2) and tuned using varactor diodes. The 2-pole and 4-pole filters respectively result in a 60 +/−9 MHz and a 74 +/− 15 MHz 3-dB absolute bandwidth on a wide tuning range (> 40 %).


Electron deficient paramagnetic vanadium(III) diakyls CpV(CH2CMe2R)2(PMe3) (14 electron, R = Me (2), Ph (3)) and CpV[CH(SiMe3)2]2 (12 electron, 4) have been synthesized. At ambient temperature 2 decomposes through α-hydrogen abstraction to produce, in the presence of dmpe (1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane), the first vanadium alkylidene CpV(CHCMe3)dmpe (6), which has been structurally characterized. In contrast, 3 decomposes in the presence of excess PMe3 through orthometalation of the aryl substituent to give the metallacycle complex CpV(σ2-CH2CMe2C6H4)(PMe3)2 (7). In the absence of excess PMe3 the (μ-alkyl)2(μ-aryl)2 dimer [CpV(μ2-CH2CMe2C6H4)]2 (8) is formed, with a short (2.313(2) A) metal-metal distance. Reaction of CpV(Me)Cl(PMe3)2 (9) with n-BuLi produces the 1-butene complex CpV(η2-CH=CHEt)(PMe3)2 (10) through β-hydrogen abstraction and reductive elimination. Reactivity of the alkylidene complex 6 includes the formation of the first imido complex of trivalent vanadium, CpV[=NC(CMe3)=C(CMe3)H](dmpe) (12), with V=N = 1.707(2) A and a Z-configuration around the C-C bond, in the reaction with t-BuCN. Crystallographic data for 6: P21/a, a = 13.699(2) A, b = 8.966(1) A, c = 15.386(2) A, β = 101.87(1)°, Z = 4. For 7: P1, a = 9.671(2) A, b = 14.261(4) A, c = 8.528(2) A, α = 94.89(2)°, β = 100.55(2)°, γ = 77.78(2)°, Z = 2. For 8: P21/c, a = 9.812(9) A, b = 14.019(10) A, c = 17.407(10) A, β = 96.76(6)°, Z = 4. For 12: P1, a = 9.147(1) A, b = 11.005(1) A, c = 13.489(1) A, α = 71.95(1)°, β = 89.70(1)°, γ = 69.56(1)°, Z = 2.


Ocean technology literature searches lesson is a new lesson with obvious specialized characteristics and is urgently needed for the coast economical and technological progress.According to the particularity of the ocean and the ocean litera-ture,this chapter discusses and researches on the construction feature and the teaching methods of ocean technology literature searches lesson.All these have important theory and practical significance to the establishment and consummation of ocean technology literature searches lessons.


Decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation has been implicated in underdevelopment of the left ventricle in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS). However, it is not clear if cardiomyocytes in HLHS have an inherent defect that inhibits proliferation or if it is the result of abnormal external cues (eg, alterations to mechanical loading or extracellular matrix). We hypothesized that cardiomyocytes from hypoplastic hearts would be capable of proliferation if removed from the unhealthy cardiac environment. We used the rat model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) via nitrofen treatment in the pregnant dam at E10 to induce heart hypoplasia in the developing fetuses; control dams were gavaged with olive oil only. Fetuses were harvested at E21 and the presence of CDH was determined. CDH+ hearts were smaller and abnormally shaped compared to healthy controls (Fig. 1A). Ki67 staining revealed that CDH+ hearts had significantly lower cell proliferation vs. healthy hearts (Fig. 1B). However, when cells were placed...


The need to adjust the indications of elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair among patients with a limited life‐span deserves a specific evaluation for octogenarians. The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative results and the long‐term survival after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic and/or iliac aneurysms (EVAR) in octogenarians compared with patients under 80 years of age.


A method of manufacturing an optoelectronic device comprises the steps of disposing an optoelectronic semiconductor chip on an upper surface of a substrate and for arranging a converter material on top of the substrate by a printing method or a molding method such that the optoelectronic semiconductor chip is covered by the converter material.


This paper presents experimental and numerical studies into the structural behavior of a high performance corbel type composite connection adopted in Raffles City of Hangzhou, China. Physical tests under both monotonic and quasi-static cyclic loads were conducted to investigate the load carrying capacities and deformation characteristics of this new type of composite connection. A variety of structural responses are examined in detail, including load-deformation characteristics, the development of sectional direct and shear strains, and the history of cumulative plastic deformation and energy. A three-dimensional finite element model built up with solid elements was also proposed for the verification against test results. The studies demonstrate the high rigidity, strength and rotation capacities of the corbel type composite connections, and give detailed structural understanding for engineering design and practice. Structural engineers are encouraged to adopt the proposed corbel type composite connections in mega high-rise buildings to achieve an economical and buildable and architectural friendly engineering solution.


Objective To study the interference factors of BET for glycerol and fructose injection and establish a method for bacterial endotoxin test(BET)instead of the pyrogen Test(PT).Methods The experiment was implemented according to the loacterial test endotoxins in China Pharmacopoeia(Ⅱ,2005ed).Results The test showed that the interference elements could be excluded by diluting glycerol and fructose injection 2 times,and it was effective that endotoxin could be tested by amebocyte lysate with accuracy of 0.25EU/ml.Conclusion Bacterial endotoxin test can be used in place of rabbit method for pyrogen monitor of glycerol and fructose injection.


In the early hours of Friday 6 May 2005, Tony Blair's Labour party won its third successive general election and another term in office. Blair was now indisputably his party's most successful election winner. His modernisation of Labour's programme and organisation, encapsulated in the name 'New Labour', had delivered 43.2 per cent of the vote and a landslide win in 1997 and 40.7 per cent of the vote and another landslide in 2001. Now Blair and Labour had scored a hat trick. Yet, the win in 2005 was far from convincing. Labour's share of the vote dropped sharply to just 35.2 per cent, a consequence of mounting dissatisfaction with the government's record and Blair's personal conduct and opposition to the Iraq war. A weak Conservative opposition and the vagaries of the first-past-the-post electoral system still ensured a handsome parliamentary majority but Labour's win was only superficially impressive. Labour had never won more than two consecutive elections, and historical precedents from earlier third-term governments offered little guidance about what to expect. Harold Macmillan's 1959 Conservative government faced economic difficulties and scandal and went on to lose in 1964. Margaret Thatcher's 1987 Conservative government faced economic difficulties and internal divisions but went on to win again in 1992. History would, however, be a certain guide to Labour's third-term prospects in one respect: neither Macmillan nor Thatcher had survived as prime minister to fight the next election, and nor would Blair. Blair had already announced that he would not fight another election so as to placate Gordon Brown, his hugely respected chancellor of the exchequer. Virtually no one thought that Blair would last for very long after 2005, and virtually everyone expected Brown to succeed him. The only real doubt was over whether Brown would subsequently call a snap election to secure a personal mandate, whether he would bide his time, or whether he would hold out until the last possible moment permitted by law. After all, a change in prime minister would not


Combined inclination/azimuth leaf angle distributions are important for accurate models of vegetation canopy reflectance. It is shown that appropriate mathematical representations can be constructed from beta distributions under most circumstances. This is illustrated by analyzing observational data on soybean leaves and balsam fir needles. There are some problems when the data is imprecise and when correlations between inclination and azimuth angle are induced by heliotropism. Otherwise, the two-dimensional beta-type distribution appears to be a versatile tool for describing complete inclination/azimuth leaf angle distributions.


others from whom in the existing circumstances we do not disagree upon any important public questions. The history and influence of the Peelites are well worth careful study in the light of our present difficulties. — What


Nanocomposites are being studied for their mechanical, thermal, and water absorption capabilities. Polylactic acid/chitosan blends have been studied extensively for their physical, mechanical, and morphological properties. Although the three materials have been blended, no research has been done on the mechanical or morphological properties of PLA/CS/TiC NPs. PLA/CS bonding is quite deprived, and thus researchers are trying to improve it by introducing TiC NPs; this would improve the composites' overall quality (mechanical and thermal characteristics as well as water absorption) by increasing the strength of the bind between the two materials. The impacts of TiC NPs on PLA/CS properties are studied using FTIR and XRD and thermal (TGA) and mechanical investigations. Titanium carbide nanoparticles in the polylactic acid/chitosan matrix increase the mechanical characteristics of the materials. As an outcome, the TiC content in the sample rises to 4 wt % even though adding TiC NPs increased the mechanical properties by up to 2%. The findings of this study might be applied to the development of environmentally friendly casings.


This paper presents a decision support system to form manufacturing cells. The system consists of four modules: (1) User Interface Module, (2) Cell Formation Module, (3) Performance Evaluation Module, and (4) Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Module. By considering the cell design problem as a multi-criteria decision analysis problem, this menu-driven, interactive programme forms the cells and prompts the user to compare the performance of each cell using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is hoped that the combination cell formation techniques and AHP through a computerised method will facilitate the design of cellular manufacturing systems in real life industrial applications.


Concrete is the most important product now-a-days for any type of construction because of its versatility, durability and reliability. Conventional concrete generally the combination of ordinary Portland cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water with a specific water/cement ratio but in the case of Geo-polymer concrete it utilizes binding materials as fly-ash and alkali solution. As because the production of ordinary cement generates a huge amount of CO2 (1 ton Ordinary Portland cement = 1 ton CO2) to reduce the amount of CO2 generation, a new way is geo-polymer which uses mainly fly-ash which a byproduct of coal obtained from the thermal power plant in a huge quantity. It's an excellent construction material for the construction of concrete. This paper gives a review on different partial replacement of the binder i.e. fly-ash with different materials like glass powder, GGBS to its strength and potential application.


We report on the performance of a continuous-wave Nd:GdVO4 laser in-band diode-pumped at 912 nm with excellent beam quality and high output power. The laser produced an output power of 19.8 W at 1063 nm with an optical efficiency of 59.3% and slope efficiency of 62.7%.


The indium trichloride-catalyzed C-C bond formation between 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) to access β-keto-(E)-enamino esters exclusively is reported for the first time. The corresponding products are obtained in good to excellent yields.


In their review, "Genetic identification of preoptic neurons that regulate body in mice", Machado and Saper [1] summarize and interpret the results of several recent studies in which the latest genetic and molecular approaches were employed to genetically specify populations of thermally responsive neurons in the preoptic area (POA) of mice and to observe the changes on core body temperature (Tc) evoked by stimulating or inhibiting their cell bodies or axon terminals. This review is a useful summary of many of the key findings related to POA thermoregulatory neurons that would need to be incorporated in functional models of the neural circuitry mediating mouse thermoregulatory responses, including not only cold- and warm-defense, but also fever and the hypothermia of cold-evoked torpor. In stark contrast to rats and humans, mice depend heavily on the cold-defense mechanisms of somatic activity thermogenesis and torpor, suggesting that there must be several aspects of the functional organiza-tion of their thermoregulatory circuitry, including that in the POA, that are unique to mice. Thus, it will be of particular interest to determine the wider applicability to other mammalian species of the new discoveries regarding central thermoregulatory circuits being made through genetic manipulation approaches in mice. However, despite several detailed studies on thermoregulatory neurons in mice, including those described in this review, many of the fundamental aspects of the neural circuits that function to explain even the most basic aspects of mouse thermoregulation, such as cold- or warm-defense, energy-conserving torpor hypothermia, and pathogen-combating fever, remain to be elucidated. The authors describe some of what is known of the considerable heterogeneity with regard to genetics, projection patterns, and receptor and neurotransmitter


General survey of international trade balance of payments considerations incoterms 90 and the prices of imports and exports methods of payment in overseas trade cash with order letters of credit, documents against payment documents against acceptance and "open account" terms finance of overseas trade bilateral trading export credit guarantees the NCM Group and ECGD.


In this first published edited volume focusing on the social geography of the New South, Salas and Portes, along with the contributing authors, eloquently bring to light the urgency of thinking dif...


The utility model provides a panel heat pipe, including frame, support frame, left side panel, right side panel, non -woven fabrics, working medium and water conservancy diversion arc. The accommodation space is constituteed to frame and left and right side board, and support frame, non -woven fabrics, working medium and water conservancy diversion arc are located the accommodation space, the support frame is a plurality of, sets up the supporting plane on the support frame, and the supporting plane difference butt of every support frame is on left side panel and right side panel, the non -woven fabrics sets up the bottom at the accommodation space, set up a plurality of water conservancy diversion arcs on left side panel and the right side panel respectively, the downwarping of water conservancy diversion arc. The utility model discloses it is with low costs, simple process, processing is convenient, and the radiating efficiency is high.


In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of positive solution for 2nth order Lidstone boundary value problems on time scales are obtained by using mixed monotone method. When the time scale T is chosen as ℝ or ℤ, the problem is the corresponding continuous or discrete boundary value problem. Such boundary value problems play an important role in research of control theory.


This paper on train scheduling for portal junctions is from the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer System Design and Operation in Railways and Other Transit Systems, held in Beijing, China, in 2010. The authors note that, on main line railways, bottleneck sections in urban areas usually have high intensity traffic flows because of trains converging from different origins through portal junctions. As a result, a small delay to one train can cause long delays to following trains because of the limit margin time and recovery time in the nominal timetable in bottleneck sections. The authors propose a cooperative strategy framework for train rescheduling of these portal junctions. This strategy is designed to decrease the overall delay and to improve recovery from the unanticipated disturbances. The strategy is mainly based on an improved Differential Evolution algorithm for the Junction Rescheduling Model (DE-JRM), and is shown to be suitable for solving train rescheduling problems for both individual fly-over junctions and flat junctions. The framework provides a parallel rescheduling decision making approach for two portal junctions of bottleneck sections.


The PAL image sensor chip group of SONY Company,and the architecture of DSP + FPGA + ASIC is used to design an integrative camera with three signals outputs,such as VGA video,composite video and S-Video.The system can complete the video capture and display,and realize the auto focus and automatic iris control.


Abstract. Since 2018, the Aeolus satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA) has acquired wind HLOS (horizontal line-of-sight) profiles throughout the troposphere and up to the lower stratosphere, filling a critical gap in the Global Observing System (GOS). Aeolus, carrying ALADIN (Atmospheric LAser Doppler INstrument), the first UV HSRL (High Spectral Resolution Lidar) Doppler lidar ever placed in space, provides also vertically resolved optical properties of particulates (aerosols and clouds). The present study focuses on the assessment of Aeolus L2A particulate backscatter coefficient (baseline 2A11), retrieved by the Standard Correct Algorithm (SCA), in the eastern Mediterranean, a region hosting a variety of aerosol species. Ground-based retrievals acquired by lidar instruments operating in Athens (central Greece), Thessaloniki (northern Greece) and Antikythera (southwestern Greece) serve as reference. All lidar stations provide routine measurements to the PANACEA (PANhellenic infrastructure for Atmospheric Composition and climatE chAnge) network. A set of ancillary data, including sun-photometric observations (AERONET), reanalysis products (CAMS and MERRA-2), satellite observations (MSG-SEVIRI and MODIS Aqua) and backward-trajectories modelling (FLEXPART), is utilized towards an optimum characterization of the probed atmospheric conditions under the absence of a classification scheme in Aeolus SCA profiles. First, emphasis is given on the assessment of Aeolus SCA backscatter coefficient under specific aerosol scenarios over Antikythera island. Due to the misdetection of the cross-polar component of the backscattered lidar signal, Aeolus underestimates the aerosol backscatter coefficient by up to 33 % when non-spherical mineral particles are recorded (10 July 2019). A good performance is revealed on 3 July 2019, when horizontally homogeneous loads of fine spherical particles are confined below 4 km. For other two cases (8 July 2020 and 5 August 2020), due to noise issues, the SCA performance degrades in terms of depicting the stratification of aerosol layers composed of particles of different origin. According to the statistical assessment analysis of 43 identified cases, a poor-to-moderate performance is revealed for the unfiltered (aerosols plus clouds) SCA profiles, which improves substantially when cloud-contaminated profiles are excluded from the collocated sample. This improvement is evident at both Aeolus vertical scales (regular scales have 24 bins and mid-bin scales have 23 bins), and it is justified by the drastic reduction in the bias (from 0.45 to 0.27 Mm−1 sr−1 for SCA and from 0.69 to 0.37 Mm−1 sr−1 for SCA mid-bin) and root mean square error (from 2.00 to 1.65 Mm−1 sr−1 for SCA and from 1.88 to 1.00 Mm−1 sr−1 for SCA mid-bin) scores. In the vertical, the SCA performance degrades at the lowermost bins due to either the contamination from surface signals or the increased noise levels for the aerosol retrievals. Among the three PANACEA stations, the best agreement is found at the remote site of Antikythera with respect to the urban sites of Athens and Thessaloniki. Finally, all key Cal/Val (calibration and validation) aspects necessary for future relevant studies, the recommendations for a possible Aeolus follow-on mission and an overview of the ongoing related activities are thoroughly discussed.


We discuss interpolation theory for the operator ideals Ip p defined on a separable Hilbert space as those operators A whose singular values


Yushu MS7.1 earthquake, occurred on 14 April 2010 in Qinghai province induced a kind of secondary geological disasters. Based on GIS and information value methodology, taking slope, aspect, altitude, slope shape, fault and lithology as assessment genes, information value of disasters in different assessment genes were calculated by geostatistical analysis. Information value map was obtained based on spatial analysis of GIS and categorized into three classes, specifically, "low", "moderate", "high". According to the disasters acquired from remote sensing, the result can be summarized as follows: The hazard classes calculated by GIS and information value methodology inoculate preferably with the fact. and would provide the valid basis to the rebuild of Yushu earthquake area in future.


The increasing availability of sensors enables the combination of a high-spatial-resolution panchromatic image and a low-spatial-resolution multispectral image, which has become a hotspot in recent years for many applications. To address the spectral and spatial distortions that adversely affect the conventional methods, a pan-sharpening method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is proposed in this paper, where the low-spatial-resolution multispectral image is upgraded and integrated with the high-spatial-resolution panchromatic image to produce a new multispectral image with high spatial resolution. Based on the pyramid structure of the CNN architecture, the proposed method has high learning capacity to generate more representative and robust hierarchical features for construction tasks. Moreover, the highly nonlinear fusion process can be effectively simulated by stacking several linear filtering layers, which is suitable for learning the complex mapping relationship between a high-spatial-resolution panchromatic and low-spatial-resolution multispectral image. Both qualitative and quantitative experimental analyses were carried out on images captured from a Landsat 8 on-board operational land imager (LOI) sensor to demonstrate the method's performance. The results regarding the sensitivity analysis of the involved parameters indicate the effects of parameters on the performance of our CNN-based pan-sharpening approach. Additionally, our CNN-based pan-sharpening approach outperforms other existing conventional pan-sharpening methods with a more promising fusion result for different landcovers, with differences in Erreur Relative Globale Adimensionnelle de Synthse (ERGAS), root-mean-squared error (RMSE), and spectral angle mapper (SAM) of 0.69, 0.0021, and 0.81 on average, respectively.


Aims. We perform light curve inversion for 491 asteroids to retrieve phase curve parameters, rotation periods, pole longitudes and latitudes, and convex and triaxial ellipsoid shapes by using the sparse photometric observations from Gaia Data Release 2 and the dense ground-based observations from the DAMIT database. We develop a method for the derivation of reference absolute magnitudes and phase curves from the Gaia data, allowing for comparative studies involving hundreds of asteroids.
Methods. For both general convex shapes and ellipsoid shapes, we computed least-squares solutions using either the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm or the Nelder-Mead downhill simplex method. Virtual observations were generated by adding Gaussian random errors to the observations, and, later on, a Markov chain Monte Carlo method was applied to sample the spin, shape, and scattering parameters. Absolute magnitude and phase curve retrieval was developed for the reference geometry of equatorial illumination and observations based on model magnitudes averaged over rotational phase.
Results. The derived photometric slope values showed wide variations within each assumed Tholen class. The computed Gaia G-band absolute magnitudes matched notably well with the V-band absolute magnitudes retrieved from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Small-Body Database. Finally, the reference phase curves were well fitted with the H, G1, G2 phase function. The resulting G1, G2 distribution differed, in an intriguing way, from the G1, G2 distribution that is based on the phase curves corresponding to light curve brightness maxima.


Vertical distributions of bactena and viruses were Investigated in the oceanic stations located in subarctic (Stn A) and subtropical (Stn B) areas of the Paciflc using the direct count technique and transmission electron microscopy. Small DAPI-positive, virus-like particles (VLP) were found to be distributed throughout the water column down to 5000 m a t both of the stations. The abundance of VLP ranged from 38 X 10' ml-' a t 50 m depth to 0.6 X 10' ml-' at 5000 m depth a t Stn A. The ratio of VLP to bacteria-like particle (BLP) ranged from 1.1 to 7.4 a t Stn A and 1.0 to 8.7 at Stn B in the entire water column. The maximum ratio was recorded at Stn B from the deepest sample, collected at a depth of 5000 m. The electron microscopic investigation Indicated that the major proportion of VLP were probably viruses.


Based on the theory of automatic goal-directed behavior,this research focuses on one perspective of organizational information technology routinization: individual information technology automatic usage.This paper argues that individual satisfaction,perceived degree of enjoyment and users' experience can positively influence the automatic usage.And perceived enjoyment has a positive effect on the individual satisfaction.These findings not only contribute to the deep exploration of the information system diffusion research,but also have some practical implications to information technology implementation in organizations.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of Ukrainian legislation in the field of hydrotechnical land reclamation, as well as highlighting the prospects for the development of legal support for a certain area of public relations. It has been established that hydrotechnical land reclamation contributes to an increase in the soil fertility, increase in the productivity and sustainability of agriculture, and the creation of a guaranteed food fund of state. However, in recent years, the efficiency of hydrotechnical land reclamation has been declining, which is explained by a number of objective and subjective reasons: insufficient material and technical support and shortcomings in usage of hydrotechnical structures, the deterioration of ecological and reclamation state of agricultural land, insufficient interest and responsibility of the landowners and land users. These factors include the incomplete use of scientific developments, insufficient information support, imperfect and outdated legal and regulatory framework. Considering the great importance of hydrotechnical land reclamation for the development of the country's agriculture, these relations require proper legal regulation. It has been concluded that it is impossible to solve the following problems through the organization of land reclamation: combating desertification, providing resources and food for the state in years with adverse weather conditions, providing agriculture with water. All this due to the fact that this problem is complex. To achieve the goals of irrigation and drainage strategy in Ukraine for the period up to 2030 within certain priority directions, it is necessary to ensure the effective interaction of legal, organizational, economic and financial mechanisms for the restoration of irrigation and drainage in Ukraine.

https://environmentalscience.com.ua/web/uploads/pdf/LAW. HUMAN. ENVIRONMENT_2021_Vol. 12, No. 3_54-59.pdf


Using an indicator of labor productivity, this paper aims to assess the contribution of structural changes in the Brazilian manufacturing and mining industries to productivity growth, during the 1970-2001 period. The conclusion is that: (i) there is no evidence to sustain that the Brazilian industry has definitely reversed the productivity growth rates slowdown trend; (ii) there is no clear evidence of a positive influence of the structural bonus; and (iii) job creation seems to be concentrated in low productivity growth sectors.


Abstract
Background and objectives:
There are many Myths about diabetes, which leads to some problems in control of the disease in some patients. Diabetes is a disease that affects different body systems. Therefore, correcting Myths about diabetes would facilitate prevention and treatment of the disease. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of education on correction of Myths in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and methods:
This pre- and post, quasi-experimental study, carried out on 78 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to diabetes clinic of Minoodasht. First, the Myths existed in the living area of the patients were identified. Then, the educational program was designed and its content was devised according to the needs of patient. Before carrying out the intervention, a questionnaire contained six items on Lickert scale were filled for the patients. The educational intervention was done in five sessions, each lasted 25 to 30 minutes. Four weeks later, the effect of the educational intervention was evaluated. The findings were analyzed using SPSS software and pair t-test at the significance level of 5%.
Findings:
The findings showed that the false beliefs of the participants had a statically significant difference in pre- and post-test (p≤0.001). The overall score of false beliefs of patients decreased from 20.23±1.16 in the pre-test to 18.57±1.34 in the post-test.
Conclusion:
The findings support the efficiency of educational interventions on correction of Myths of the patients with type 2 diabetes.


The culm form and timber properties of three Dendrocalamus species,such as D.mino var.amoenus,D.asper and D.brandisii,were studied.The results showed that there were significant difference in height under branch and very significant difference on relative total height among three bamboo species.The diameter at breast height(DBH),total height,height under branch,taper and wall thickness ratio of D.brandisii were the biggest,while the relative height under branch was the smallest.With the increment of bamboo age,water content of bamboo culm decreased significantly with order as D.minor var.amoenus D.brandisii D.asper.The difference in relative volume of D.brandisii,D.minor var.amoenus,D.asper was very significant with 1771.35 cm3 cm-1,1166.66 cm3 cm-1,and 659.78 cm3 cm-1,respectively.With the increment of bamboo age,timber density increased significantly,D.minor was the highest,and D.asper was the lowest.Timber density of 3-year-old D.minor var.amoenus,D.brandisii and D.asper was 0.914 g cm-3,0.812 g cm-3,and 0.749 g cm-3,respectively.It suggested that D.minor var.amoenus could accomplish as ornament and shoot use bamboo,otherwise D.brandisii and D.asper as bamboo shoot and timber.


There are problems in enterprises in China such as unreasonableness of the structure of manpower resources and low profits of the development of manpower,meanwhile,modern enterprise system poses new requirements to the disposition of manpower in enterprises.So,enterprises must establish the mancentred ideas about the manpower development,set up the organized structure of manpower's disposition suitable for modern enterprise system,plan and develop reasonably the manpower's culture,found learningoriented enterprises,realize the innovation of enterprise culture.


Indus River delta and its mangroves are fighting for their survival, due to shortage of fresh water, from Kotri last two decades. Life on the delta is facing a lot of troubles, especially the deltas flora and fauna. Are facing significant challenges as they are very dependent on a steady flow of freshwater, saline sea water is increasing on surface and sub-surface toward the coastal districts of the Sindh. Fertile land is converting infertile land, local inhabitants are migrating from the area. mangroves are washed away from the area. Sea water intrusion is increasing day by day, and the of intrusion is 80 acres of delta land per day. About 38 percent area of mangroves forest has been reduced in last twenty years. The construction of various Dams, Canals  and  barrages  is  main cause of degradation of the delta and the mangroves forest. The study shows that fresh water in the River may push the sea water intrusion backward which will help the survival of the mangroves forest.


The geometry of the elementary charge is studied in the framework of the concept of space considered as a tessellation lattice ('tessellattice'), which has recently been developed by M. Bounias and the author. The descriptive-geometric sense of the electric and magnetic fields and their carriers - photons - is analyzed. The notion of the scalar and vector potentials of a charged particle and their behavior at the motion of the particle along a path is investigated in detail. Based on the potentials, the Lagrangian leading to the Maxwell equations is constructed. The distinctive properties of the inerton and the photon - two basic elementary excitations, or quasi-particles of the space tessellattice - are discussed. Summarizing, we may say that the work suggests the detailed interpretation of the Maxwell equations in terms of the submicroscopic approach to Nature.


Abstract: Vehicle owners can prevent unexpected automotive problems by routinely maintaining their vehicles. It's critical to identify car issues as soon as possible to stop them from becoming major problems. Vehicle owners routinely ask auto shops about servicing. Vehicle mechanics inspect important components and address issues to make sure they are in good shape and won't break down unexpectedly. Researchers conducted the study to assess the routine business transactions and activities in vehicle repair shops. Preliminary data collected by the researchers revealed that the majority of vehicle repair companies or garages continue to conduct daily transactions manually. Customer records, client interactions, billing, tracking the progress of auto repairs, and service updates are all still entered by hand. The capstone project, "System for managing vehicle services" will automate the operations and regular transactions of the car repair shop. The system will electronically streamline processes including managing car repair orders, maintaining maintenance logs, monitoring customer and transaction records, servicing updates, and billing. The system's installation will benefit both customers and auto shops. The company's use of the system will enable vehicle garages to grow and enhance operational effectiveness. Customers can easily and comfortably conduct business for vehicle servicing.


Omnidirectional reflectivity is theoretically investigated in four Thue-Morse (T-M) structures S4, S5, S6 and S7. It is observed that the width of omnidirectional reflection region increases with the order of T-M multilayer i.e. from S4 to S7 generation and multiple photonic band gaps exist for both TE and TM modes due to self-similarity of T-M multilayers. It can also be found that multiple omnidirectional bandgaps (OBGs) exist in the higher generation non-periodic T-M dielectric structures due to the self-similarity in the internal structure. These structures can be used as dense optical filters, sensors and multifrequency laser cavities.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: generator comprises two transformers (11A, 11B), every of which comprises a primary winding (L1) and a secondary winding (L2), and four switches (19A, 19B, 21 A, 21B), driven by a generator of supersonic frequency. Two (21 A, 21B) of four switches connect in turns the secondary winding of each transformer with a piezoelectric load (5). Two other switches (19A, 19B) connect in turns two primary windings with a source of supply (17). At the same time within the first half-cycle called a "positive half-cycle", the primary winding of one of the specified transformers is charged with energy, while the secondary winding of the other transformer releases power to a piezoelectric load. Within the second half-cycle called a "negative half-cycle" the secondary winding of one transformer releases power to a piezoelectric load, while the primary winding of the other transformer is charged with energy. EFFECT: invention provides for power stability in a range of impedance variation. 6 cl, 3 dwg


A difficult position of Two-way Examine Revolution has been a key problem of Community Health Services and Medical Security System.It leads into a "413" medical insurance pattern,analyses possibility of the pattern solving the difficult position of Two-way Examine Revolution,the pattern is good to optimizing city health resources,adjusting medical establishments benefit assignation,building Two-way Examine Revolution system,exchanging medical information and risk analysis.It suggests developing some kinds of medical insurance system besides "413" medical insurance pattern.


In nanoimprint lithography, one of the key points to be addressed is the printing uniformity. The limitation of the printing temperature is also of great importance to develop this technology for industrial applications. The thermal behavior of a commercial resist is characterized and related to the printing performance of the polymer. It is shown that the plasticizing effect of the solvent contained in the commercial resist decreases the glass transition temperature of the polymer (Tg) and favors a deeper penetration of the mold into the polymer at a specified printing temperature. We also demonstrate that the control of the residual solvent in the polymer can favor a better pattern uniformity and a decrease of the printing temperature.


The article considers the calculations of the induction motor with ring windings (IMRW) and ceramic insulation and a classical induction motor with a squirrel cage. IMRW is the newest design that was invented by "Electrical machines" department of UrFU. IMRW and serial induction motor have the same overall dimensions and output power. The electromagnetic calculations are made by "ANSYS Maxwell". Comparative analysis of the serial induction motor parameters with the IMRW parameters clearly shows the possibility for using the second one instead of classical machines in the environment with a high radiation level. Also, the paper highlights the possibility of using "ANSYS Maxwell" for the calculation of electric machines with various designs.


The present invention relates to a film device and method for monitoring the membrane solute rejection rate (solute rejection) and membrane potential (membrane potential) of the filtration time at the same time continuously to observe the progress of pollution trend. In particular, the present invention is membrane filtration solute that is at any time, detect the potential difference changes in the fine pressure change between film sangharyu side to determine a concentration of, and at the same time particle measuring membrane potential rejection of, and a permeation flux ( the permeate flux) at the same time provides a membrane filtration apparatus and methods that can be measured continuously. In the film method for determining contamination progress trends, it realized a technical advancement as well as a conventional method of measuring the transmitted flux to be also a membrane potential measuring method. Further, in the conventional apparatus but can only partially seen by the membrane contamination degree at a given time while replaced with a continuous film at regular intervals, the apparatus and method of the present invention, no disturbance to the membrane filtration with a membrane mounted to the initial If you do not stand a film can be observed the progress of the fouling of the filtration time in a row. Therefore, providing specific indicators that can determine when the contamination occurred just need time to develop and membrane replacement.


The prevalence of enteric pathogen detection in children in low-income countries climbs rapidly between birth and 6 months of age. Few studies have tested whether improved household environmental and behavioral hygiene conditions protects infants from exposure to enteric pathogens spread via unhygienic human and animal sanitation conditions, especially during this early window of infancy. This cross-sectional study utilized enrollment survey data among households with 6 month old infants in Kisumu, Kenya participating in the Safe Start cluster-randomized controlled trial to estimate associations between household water access and treatment, animal vectors, sanitation access, hand washing practices, supplemental feeding, and flooring, with the outcomes of caregiver-reported 7-day diarrhea prevalence and sum count of different enteric viruses, bacteria, and parasites pathogens in infant stool. Then, we tested whether household environmental hygiene and behavioral practices moderated associations between infant exposure outcomes and latrine access and domestic animal co-habitation. We found that reported handwashing after handling animals and before eating were strongly associated with lower risk of caregiver-reported diarrhea, while owning and co-habitating with animals (versus no animals), living in a household with vinyl covered dirt floors (versus finished floors), and feeding infants cow milk (versus no milk) were strongly associated with pathogen detection in infants. Caregiver handwashing after child or self-defecation moderated the relationship between shared sanitation (vs private) sanitation access and infant exposure to pathogens such that handwashing had the greatest benefit for preventing pathogen exposure of infants in households with private latrines. In the absence of handwashing, access to private sanitation posed no benefits over shared latrines for protecting infants from exposure. Our evidence highlights eliminating animal co-habitation, improving flooring, improving post-defecation and food-related handwashing, and improving safety of cow milk sources and/or safe household storage of milk as interventions to prevent enteric pathogen exposure of infants less than 6 months age.


In Indonesia itself, MSMEs are large in Indonesia economy, MSMEs are the largest contributors to GDP, most absorbing labor, as well as relatively resistant to financial crises.


Background: Metacarpal fractures are one of the most common fractures of the upper extremity particularly involving young adults. The ideal treatment option for metacarpal fractures depend on the fracture location, fracture geometry and fracture stability. The objective of the study was to analyze the treatment outcome in closed metacarpal fractures treated by various conservative and operative modalities. Materials and Methods: 73 closed metacarpal fractures in 59 patients treated in a tertiary care medical teaching hospital between September 2015 and March 2019 were enrolled in the study. 7 patients were lost for followup leaving 52 patients with 65 metacarpal fractures for the final analysis. Conservative treatment with volar splint or thumb spica was the first line of treatment. Patients with unstable fracture patterns, irreducible deformity and significant shortening were treated by various surgical modalities. Belsky Criteria for assessment of finger injuries with special emphasis on Total Active Movement (TAM) of the involved finger was used to assess the results with clinical and radiological parameters at three months. Results: Conservative treatment with closed reduction and volar splint or thumb spica was used for 39 fractures (60%). Surgical treatment was used in 26 fractures (40%). The results with conservative management were 18 excellent results (46.15%), 17 good results (43.58%) and 4 poor results (10.2%). The results with the various surgical methods were 10 excellent


I was looking at a book of Malick Sidibé's photographs, put together by André Magnin (Scala Press, 1998), with my friend Diafode, who has been living in France since 1979. As we flipped through the black and white photos of our teenage years in Bamako, Diafode's attention was suddenly drawn by a photo of a group of boys entitled "Friends, 1969." "Les Beatles!" he exclaimed, and added, putting his index finger on the photo, "voilà les Beatles" ("The Beatles, there are the Beatles"). I looked closely at it, and before I could even say a word, Diafode started identifying them one by one: there was John Lennon, Ringo Starr, and all the other members of the Beatles of Medina-Coura, one of the hip neighborhoods of Bamako in those days. Diafode and I spent that evening in my Paris apartment, looking at the Beatles of Medina-Coura and reminiscing about our youth in Bamako. Sure enough, I now could see Nuhun, aka John Lennon. He's wearing a "Col Mao" jacket with six buttons, just like the one John Lennon wore on the cover of one of the Beatles' albums. Nuhun now lives in Canada. And there's Cissé, aka "Paris," with his arm on Nuhun's shoulder. He's wearing a tight-fitting shirt, with a scarf à la Elvis Presley, a large belt, and bell-bottom pants. We used to call him "Paris" because he was so elegant and smooth. When he used to live in Bamako-Coura-a neighborhood on the southern tip of the commercial center-and did not have a motorcycle to come to Medina-Coura on the north side, he would walk for forty-five minutes to cross the busy commercial center, under the hot sun at two o'clock, to join the group at Nuhun's house to listen to music, play cards, and drink tea. The elegance of Paris's style was also marked by a pack of "Craven A" cigarettes, which he placed in his shirt pocket while holding one unlit cigarette between his lips. He walked slowly through the busy crowd of the Market and across the railway, without losing his rhythm and without sweating a drop. When he arrived at Nuhun's place, his shoes were always shiny and his face was as fresh as ever. He would always say, "Salut, les copains" before taking a napkin out of his pocket, wiping off a chair, and sitting down. We used to say that one day, Paris …


We provide a methodology for the creation of ontological partitions in biomedicine and we test the methodology via an application to the phenomenon of blood pressure. An ontology of blood pressure must do justice to the complex networks of intersecting pathways in the organism by which blood pressure is regulated. To this end it must deal not only with the anatomical structures and physiological processes involved in such regulation but also with the relations between these at different levels of granularity. For this purpose our ontology offers a variety of distinct partitions – of substances, processes and functions – and integrates these together within a single framework via transitive networks of part-whole and dependence relations among the entities in each of these categories. The paper concludes with a comparison of this methodology with the approaches of GO, KEGG, DIP and BIND and provides an outline of how the methodology is currently being applied in the field of biomedical database integration.


Introduction: Analysis of concrete structures is usually carried out by destructive methods. The internal volume flaws directly influence concrete properties. Such inclusions are empty or even resulting from the manufacturing process or degradation by percolation leaching dissolution and chemical reactions between its constituents. Industrial tomography systems (ITS), have proved to be a powerful tool for analysing and determining internal objects. In this context, this work aims at showing that it is possible to generate representative triangular meshes from real samples of concrete from data obtained with 3D ITS and use them to simulate mechanical properties. The results of these simulations can be used to compare them with the results of mechanical strength obtained in laboratory.


To investigate the efficacy and risks of using midazolam and propofol for sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures in younger adults. 266 outpatients undergoing gastroscopy. patients were in two groups, A group(younger adults group, n=168, age 18~35 yrs), B group(n=98 age 36~60 yrs ), Each group with midazolam 0.02~0.05 mg/kg (Range1.0~1.5 mg) iv plus propofol 0.5~2.5 mg/kg(Range 40~175 mg) iv before the procedure, Heart rate, blood pressure and SpO2 were obtained for each patient and monitored continuously during and after the procedure. All patients received supplemental oxygen during the procedure. A group received more propofol than B group (P 0.001). All patients showed high satisfaction with sedation and anesthesia. According to staff gastroenterologists, the rating of sedation quality was significantly lower in A group vs B group (89.29% vs 97.96% P 0.05). There were significant change of blood pressure. Clinically important changes in blood pressure were most frequently noted. But the differences between A and B group were not statistically significant. [Conclusions] Under adequate surveillance, midazolam combine propofol can produce safe and effective sedation and anesthesia for gastroscopy. Higher-dose midazolam combine propofol appears more effective in increasing the rating of sedation quality in younger adults.


To study the prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Coronary Artery Disease patient and the correlation of Coronary Artery Disease severity in patients of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Study included 124 patients of Coronary Artery Disease who underwent detailed clinical and anthropometric examination and routine blood investigations. Ultrasonography of abdomen was done and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease grading was done. Coronary angiography was done and angiographic severity was calculated by Gensini score. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease was found in 71% of patient. There is a significant difference of Gensini score between patients with and without Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. All the stage of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease had a significant difference of Gensini score among them with but there was no difference of Gensini score between stage 1 and 2. The presence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is associated with a higher Gensini score, however a higher grade of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease doesn't mandate a higher Gensini score.


ABSTRACT Practicums, internships and field experiences are essential components in many fields. These varied experiences embed both students and their mentors in immersive experiences. Such immersive experiences are essential for STEM students preparing for future jobs, yet little is known about how these research-intensive and immersive experiences impact the practice of teaching in the natural sciences. In order to evaluate the impact, opportunities and challenges associated with such experiences, our team collected and analysed end-of-semester reflections from five students and their faculty mentor. Thematic analysis related to inferences and implications about the impacts of the experience showed a need to formalize and further develop an understanding of both students' self-identity and the cultural attitudes of the students and the mentor.


A new magneto-optical trap designed specifically for the measurement of absolute electron impact cross sections is described. Experimental results for electron impact total cross sections involving 62S ground state Cs are presented over the energy range 5–200 eV. Significant disagreement is obtained between our experimental data and convergent close coupling (CCC) or Breit–Pauli R-matrix calculations at the lower energies. Above 100 eV our data overlap earlier measurements from this laboratory made with a completely different apparatus and agree well with the CCC results. A comparison is made with other measurements using more conventional techniques.


Background: Infection with multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) types is common. However, it is unknown whether viral DNA load is related to the coexistence of other types. Methods: Study subjects were 802 and 303 women who were positive for HPV16 and HPV18, respectively, at enrollment into the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance and Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Triage Study. HPV16 and HPV18 E7 copies per nanogram of cellular DNA in cervical swab samples were measured by real-time PCR in triplicate. Results: Concurrent coinfection was common in this population of women with minor cervical lesions; multiple HPV types were detected in 573 (71.4%) of 802 HPV16-positive women and 227 (74.9%) of 303 HPV18-positive women. The adjusted odds ratio associating coinfection with per 1 log unit increase in HPV16 DNA load was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.89); it was 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.79) for a similar analysis of HPV18 DNA load. Women with, compared with without, coinfection of A9 species types possessed a significantly lower HPV16 DNA load (P < 0.001), whereas women with, compared with without, coinfection of A7 species types possessed a significantly lower HPV18 DNA load (P = 0.001). A trend of decrease in HPV16 DNA load with increasing number of the coexisting non-HPV16 A9 species types was statistically significant (Ptrend = 0.001). Conclusion: Coinfection with other types was associated with lower HPV16 and HPV18 DNA load. The extent of reduction was correlated to phylogenetic distance of the coexisting types to HPV16 and HPV18, respectively. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2507–12)


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