OVERVIEW: As the demand for power has continued to grow in cities and other areas of concentrated power consumption, costs are rising due to the lack of sites to locate 6-kV distribution substations and increasingly congested distribution conduits. This has led to a demand for power supply systems and equipment that can boost distribution per line capacity from 6 kV to 22 kV, that can deliver loads close to where the power is consumed, and minimize power losses in distribution which reduces CO2 emissions and thus helps mitigate global warming. Standing in the way of greater deployment of 22-kV switchgear is that the equipment is larger and more costly than prevailing 6-kV equipment. To address this situation, Hitachi, Ltd. joined forces with The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. to develop more compact and less expensive 22-kV distribution equipment. Shuichi Kikukawa Kenji Tsuchiya Satoru Kajiwara Akira Takahama


In contrast to common beliefs there is not strict necessity for lethal danger during electric shock in a bathtub. Measurements of the electric field demonstrates the ground conditions and water temperature are of vital importance as are a variety of other parameters. With an electronic amplifier especially designed for this problem measurement of the electric parameters in the water was made possible.


true: only a minority, that is, 16%, of patients may be at risk of significant tumor under-dosing or inadvertent radiomicrosphere hepatotoxicity. Considering the general complexity of 90Y radioembolization, most physicians will find these treatment odds favorable and consistent with best practice in the modern era of personalized medicine. A conservative mean T/N ratio of 2 was used in this example of colorectal liver metastasis. Most patients have higher, more favorable mean T/N ratios (4), which enable deliberate escalation of the intended tumor mean absorbed dose beyond 120 Gy when within safety limitations to the nontumorous liver and lung. Hence, many patients can achieve better dosimetric results than presented in this example. Equation 1 has an infinite number of possible dosimetric scenarios, which the reader is encouraged to explore. A thorough understanding of the interplay between mean T/N ratios, intended mean absorbed doses, tissue masses, and hepatopulmonary shunting is paramount for safe and effective predictive dosimetry by partition modeling (2,4). It has been common knowledge for years that 99mTc-MAA is an imperfect surrogate for 90Y-resin microspheres (5), and no study has claimed otherwise. 99mTc-MAA should be regarded as a tool, and the usefulness of any tool is only as good as its user and the complexity of the task at hand. For basic predictive dosimetry, partition modeling can be performed using a pocket calculator (2), and SPECT/CT (4) is now widely available to replace planar 99mTc-MAA scintigraphy. For advanced predictive dosimetry, affordable and increasingly powerful computers and software can rapidly generate dose–volume histograms from 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT data (6). Correlation of 90Y SPECT or 90Y PET dose distributions with 99mTc-MAA and newer microspheres as they appear will add further confidence in the utility of the treatment planning procedure, but for the moment, it is reasonable to proceed with 99mTc-MAA. Today, the major barrier to the routine application of predictive dosimetry for 90Y radioembolization is no longer the state of the art but rather the state of our hearts.


This study examined the awareness and perceptions of parents/guardians and school staff regarding cyberbullying among primary school-aged pupils. Eight focus groups (total sample size N = 41) explored the emergence of cyberbullying, characteristics of cyberbullies and cybervictims, the impact of cyberbullying, and the role of adult supervision. Participants were generally aware of cyberbullying and its various forms and felt that it could occur among primary school-aged pupils. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes emerging from the focus groups. Relating to the emergence of cyberbullying, themes included children's ability (literacy and computer skills), access to ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and external factors such as peer pressure. When asked about the characteristics of children involved in cyberbullying, themes included the relationship between involvement in cyberbullying and traditional bullying, the role of gender, and different motivations for cyberbullying. None of the groups felt that cyberbullying was less upsetting for victims than traditional bullying and themes surrounding the impact of cyberbullying referred to the nature of cyberbullying and discussions relating to the characteristics of the victim were raised. When talking about the role of adult intervention, participants mentioned the use of rules/restrictions and the perceived generation gap in ICT skills. Participants agreed that supervision of Internet and mobile phone use at home would be beneficial, but was less in accord regarding the usefulness of supervision at school. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for research and interventions. © 2016 Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). La emergencia del ciberbullying en la infancia: la perspectiva de padres y profesores


For the Aesthetic Initiative Measurement System (AIMS) project, researchers developed and tested the instruments and protocols that the Minnesota Department of Transportation uses to understand and document how travelers perceive the attractiveness of Minnesota's transportation corridors. In summer 1999, researchers collected quantitative and qualitative data for three cities: Rochester, Twin Cities, and Duluth, Minnesota. Four key topics produced highly noticeable aesthetic effects to the travelers: maintenance, planting design, structural design, and vistas from the highway. The consistency of AIMS results with previous studies of other landscaped settings suggested that AIMS results are valid and could be replicated in other urban highway routes and with rural highways.


Density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level was employed to obtain the optimized geometries and vibrational spectra of several pyridine(Py)−water(W) complexes with stoichiometric ratios ranging from 2:1 (Py2W) to 1:3 (PyW3). The harmonic vibrational wavenumbers of pyridine ring modes and the fundamental modes of water were calculated in order to examine the influence of hydrogen bonding on the normal modes of both pyridine and water upon complexation. The Raman spectra in the wavenumber region 960−1060 cm-1 covering the ring modes ν1 and ν12 of pyridine (in Wilson's notation) as a function of pyridine mole fraction were recorded. The integrated Raman intensities in the isotropic components of the spectra were used to determine the relative concentration of "free" pyridine molecules in close neighborhood with other Py−W complexes. The combination of both experimental wavenumbers yielding the overall shift induced by the entirety of hydrogen-bonded complexes in the mixture and the DFT-de...


: Glued joints appear in the automotive industry in many types, both in terms of functional stress and in terms of design. Glued joints appear in the automotive industry in many types, both in terms of functional stress and in terms of design. At present, car body plates are most often joined by resistance (spot, seam and projection) welding technology. These disadvantages include, for example, problematic joining of sheets of different thicknesses and qualities, or thermal influencing of the welded area. By using the bonding technology, we avoid these problems and we can take advantage of the many advantages it offers in the automotive industry. This paper gives an overview of the advantages of using glued


Derepression of the prophage of the bacterial virus X can be followed by measuring the production of several phage-specific products whose synthesis is low before, but greatly increases at characteristic times after, induction. Viral RNA'-5 and DNase6 production begins early, followed by X DNA synthesis which requires the expression of several X genes. After X DNA synthesis and the expression of a maturation gene, lysozyme and the structural proteins of the mature phage appear.7' 8 Studies on some of the early genes (defined as those genes expressed before DNA synthesis begins) have revealed that mutations in one of them, gene N, not only prevent X DNA synthesis but greatly depress the level of X RNA synthesis,5 and prevent the appearance of X DNase9 and an immunologically recognized X protein. 10 Recent work indicates that N is not the structural gene for X DNase.'1 Thus it appears that the N gene product is necessary for the synthesis of "early" RNA and at least one other "early" protein. This communication describes the effect of drugs which inhibit protein synthesis, and of mutations in the early genes of the prophage, on viral RNA synthesis. The results are interpreted to mean that a viral protein, or proteins (inducing proteins), of which the N gene product is one, is necessary to allow the synthesis of the majority of X RNA. Experiments designed to measure the functional stability of these inducing proteins are described and interpreted to indicate a half life of less than three minutes. The relevance of these conclusions to recently proposed models for the control of X RNA synthesis is discussed. 12-14 Materials and Methods.-Bacteria: The bacterial strain used is a streptomycin-resistant derivative of E. coli K12 W3350, which is nonpermissive (Su-) for suppressible amber mutants.15 Bacteriophages: X C857 was isolated and described by Sussman and Jacob.16 X sus 96A (in gene N), X sus 29 (in gene 0), and X sus 3 (in gene P) were isolated and described by Campbell. 15 Medium: M56 is a potassium phosphate minimal medium with glucose as the carbon source. 17 RNA extraction: Five ml of cells at a typical concentration of 2 X 108/ml, which had been exposed to H8 uracil for a period of time of 0.5-2 min, were diluted into 5 ml of chilled medium containing 2 X 10-2 M sodium azide. The cells were centrifuged, resuspended in 2 ml of 10-2 M tris-HCl, pH 7.5, and 10-3 M EDTA, and lysed by the addition of 0.1 ml of 10% SDS and incubation for 10 min at 450C. The protein was removed by extraction with an equal volume of phenol saturated with 0.1 M tris HCl, pH 7.8, and the aqueous phase was freed of dissolved phenol by 4 extractions with 2 volumes of water-saturated ether. The ether was removed by a stream of dry N2, the nucleic acid extract was then made 10-2 M in MgCl2, and 20 ,ug of DNase (Worthington Biochemical Co., electrophoretically purified) was added. After an incubation at 370C


The blood pressure (BP) response to different salt intakes (salt sensitivity-SS), shows variability among individuals, with more frequency in hypertensives compared to the general population. Elevated levels of the Endogenous Ouabain (EO) have been associated with hypertension (HT) and SS. We characterized the missense variation rs2254524 (Val642Leu; C>A) of the Lanosterol Synthase gene (LSS) coding for an enzyme in steroid biosynthesis, since AA patients on a low-salt diet showed a greater reduction in BP compared to the LSS CC, with only CC having an increase in plasma EO. Moreover, AKI incidence following cardiovascular surgery was greater among those with the LSS rs2254524 AA genotype than in those with the CC genotype. We aim at dissecting the functional correlation between LSS polymorphism, EO, SS-HT, and renal function.

 We generated by CRISPR-Cas9 a knock-in mouse model carrying the Lss V643L (LssV643L/V643L), homologous to V642L to dissect the functional correlation between LSS polymorphism, EO and salt-sensitive hypertension, and kidney expression. Male mice were fed with a normal-salt diet (0.5% NaCl), high-salt diet (4% NaCl), or low-salt diet (<0.03% Na) and BP was measured every two days by the tail-cuff system.

 LssV643L/V643L mice were viable, healthy, and undistinguishable phenotypically from WT. At baseline, the Lss AA affected kidney weight that was significantly enlarged at 3 (p = 0.02) and 12 months of age, compared to WT (kidney p = 0.04; liver p = 0.003). The Lss V643L mutation did not affect EO and SBP at 3 and 12 months, per se, but affects SBP responsiveness to salt intake. Indeed, we observed an increased SBP upon a high-salt diet only in LssV643L/V643L mice 12 months old compared to the control diet (p = 0.01). Moreover, the 12-month-old LssV643L/V643L mice in high-salt diet showed cardiac hypertrophy and showed a higher incidence of heart fibrosis. At 12 months, in the adrenal gland of LssV643L/V643L mice, Lss mRNA level was reduced upon high-salt diet (p = 0.03), while RNA-seq analysis of renal differentially expressed genes revealed a different regulation of multiple Slc genes, both in control and high-salt diet, but also of Cbr2, and Arhgap26.

 The new LssV643L/V643L mouse model resembles the SS-HT phenotype together with EO non-responsiveness observed in HT patients, thus providing a good model of SS-HT. Our results reveal a role of Lss gene in the regulation of BP upon salt stimulus, and its influence at renal level at 3 and 12 months of age.


In this article, $ Top(X_{n}) $ is the collection of all topologies on a given set $X_{n}$ having cardinality $n$. We introduce the method to find the number of topologies of finite sets of cardinality up to $5$ by combinations and counting principles, which enable us to enumerate the classes of homeomorphic disconnected topologies as well as the connected topologies. Moreover we study the graphical aspects of the connected and disconnected topologies.


Article History Published Online: 15 September 2020 The Indian economy wasn't in great shape even before the Covid-19 outbreak, which has only made matters worse. The report by the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) expert committee on a resolution framework, headed by former ICICI Bank chief K V Kamath, brings this out clearly. The report notes that the pandemic "has affected the best of companies" and businesses that were otherwise viable before the outbreak. Experts believe that banks may be more risk-averse to restructuring loans this time around, having already suffered big losses in previous restructuring efforts.In order to defeat the COVID-19, Pandemic, Indian Government announced complete lockdown in the country starting on March 24,2020 & the same was extended to 3rd May,2020 in the second phase. Though the lockdown was necessary & inevitable so as to prevent the faster spread of Novel Corona virus (Covid 19) & to save lives of people of the country. It is going to affect the various sectors of our economy severely. The Banking and Non-Banking finance companies (NBFCs) which are backbone of India's economy are not exception to the above. This article is an attempt to assess the impact of the pandemic on Banks & NBFCs due to lockdown which has resulted into closure of all commercial organizations, public & private offices, educational institutions, suspension of means of transportations etc.


This paper presented a new scheme by the coupling between shock filters and anisotropic diffusion.It proposed a new improved shock filters term,which produced adaptive magnitude from image structural information,for the image enhancement and denoising.The method could not only well restrain noise but also enhance edge and keep much more details of an image,and the computed time of this algorithm was greatly shortened.It gave the form of discretization directly.Experimental results show that the effectiveness for image enhancement and denoising with the method is better.


WILSON: As you know, I was living in Canada, in Halifax, with my boyfriend. He dumped my ass after we had already bought a house and restored it. Well, he was a gracious guy. He paid me the equity that he and I agreed I had put into the property that we owned in common so that I could afford to leave. He gave me $, when he sold the property. I had been tiptoeing around the idea of calling myself an artist: I'm going to be an artist and I'm going to put my personality back together somewhere else. Richards just dumped my ass, so I have to reconstruct my personality from the ground up. So I decided to go to New York and called Simone Forti. Simone had been a visiting artist in Halifax at the Nova Scotia College for Art and Design and had rashly offered to be available if anybody wanted to come to New York and crash there. So I called her and told her that I wanted to come to New York in a flash, and I lived with her for  days. I got to New York and had to find a place to live, ended up living in Billy Apple's studio on rd Street, but Jacki wanted to divorce Billy's ass. So I moved to  Franklin Street and at that point Richards had sold the house in Canada and had given me the check for $,.


The issue of energy consumption is an all-important one in everyday life. Countries spend large sum of money to produce energy for use by their citizens. However, energy produced is usually wasted by consumers who are sometimes ignorant of the amount of energy they consume and whose energy usage pattern is wasteful. With the advent of the internet comes the opportunity to send and receive data from our peers or fellow humans, and from our electronic devices. The concept of Internet of things (IoT) proposes immense opportunities, part of which can be applied to solving the growing challenge of energy management. This work uses the IoT concept for smart metering to measure key energy consumption data and sends instantaneous data to a web server to be accessed by permitted users. It primarily addresses the possibility and need for information access in making informed decisions concerning energy usage and management.


Molecular Evolution And Phylogenetic Inference' The 75) I torS: Wang: Pang Chi Shaw, both of (75) Inventors SARS E. E. Quarterly Review of Biology. (1991) vol. 66 No. 4:410–449. Ngor Karenda Ngan, Kowloon, all of Wen-Sheng Lang, Zhi-Cen Lou and Paul Pui-Hay But (HK) "High-Performance Liquid Chromatographical Analysis of Ginsenosides in Panax ginseng, P. quinquefalium and P notoginseng" Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences (1993) pp. 133-143. (73) Assignee: The Chinese Univerisity of Hong Kong, Shatin (HK)


In this paper the important characteristics of shared and special purpose networks will be examined. The shared networks will include those which are shared among a variety of different types of data services and those which are shared between data services and voice services. Special purpose networks will ordinarily be those which are defined as meeting a particular specialized need for data communications.
 An attempt will be made to identify the structural differences in such networks, the characteristics of the user's needs which cause one network to be more appropriate than another, and the cost characteristics which lead to a choice of one mechanism or the other. Much of this will be in qualitative terms, although quantitative anslyses of certain situations will be made.


The extended hydrogen cloud surrounding the exoplanet HD 209456b was discovered in the space FUV observations with HST/STIS spectrograph [1]. The most interesting results were obtained in the UV range, where observations showed the sufficiently strong weakening of the stellar emission of HD 209458: in the Lyman α line of atomic hydrogen HI 121.6 nm from 5 to 15% depending on the spectral resolution [1], and in the lines of atomic oxygen at 130.4 nm and the ionized carbon at 133.5 nm of 13 and 7%, respectively [2]. In the UV resonance lines, the planetary atmosphere was weakened substantially more than the planet itself, which indicates the presence of an extended atmosphere around HD 209458b. The planet itself shields only 1.5% of stellar radiation in the visible range, which means that the planet is surrounded by a neutral hydrogen cloud as large as about a few planetary radii. These observations were currently interpreted as a signature of an extended exosphere in which the evaporating atomic hydrogen drags other heavy atoms outward


As a member of our 2014 leadership team I was fortunate to be able to participate in a study tour to some of the highest performing schools in Auckland New Zealand. As Assessment for Learning schools, these schools have a particular emphasis on developing learning-focused relationships and the partnerships that evolve out of these.


In light of starting clutch control requirement in unmanned modified process of a helicopter, the control system with high-reliability circuit, excellent engagement quality and engine speed stability are researched. By analysing the disadvantantages of the original clutch control system, the improved design requirements are proposed. To achieve the requirements, half bridge chips are used in the control circuit to ensure safety, a two-section engagement is designed to control the speed of engagement by pulse width modulation(PWM), and the stability of engine speed during the clutch engagement is realized with the speed stabilization control law. The automatic engagement expriment is conducted in an unmanned helicopter. The results show that the process of clutch engagement is stable and reliable, the shock and sliding friction work decrease significantly indicating good engagement quality and the engine speed maintains at approximately 1500 r/min within the range of idle speed during the engagement. It is obvious that the improved design meets the needs of clutch control system of unmanned helicopter and greatly promotes its performance.


The exploitation of Kenya's Blue Economy presents a challenge for policy actors in the process of policy harmonization and creating synergy among the diverse policy actors and their agencies. This study interrogated the nature of engagement of this policy actors with the State Department of Maritime and Shipping Affairs under the Blue Economy by utilizing the parameters of Coordination Mechanisms, Information Sharing and Resource Mobilization. The objective of this study was to establish how these parameters impact on the exploitation of Kenya's Blue Economy. The theory employed for this study was the Self-Governance of Common Pool Resources Regime Theory. The study population included the members of staff of the State Department. The data collection instruments utilized were questionnaires and interview guides. The study established that indeed the three affected the exploitation of Kenya's Blue Economy. The study progresses to propose policy recommendations to the challenges by proposing actionable


In this paper a new technique has been proposed to minimize the effects of impulsive noise in power line communication for low data rate conditions. The model proposed employs Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as multiplexing technique and peak-to-average power (PAPR) calculation of the individual sub-carriers. The signal with minimum PAPR is transmitted as it remains below the cut-off threshold level. All the signals (mostly impulsive noises) above the cut-off level are blanked at the receiver, which results in a cleaner received signal. Two prominent existing methods that are described in literature have been exploited to create a hybrid model of impulsive noise attenuation. It contains only the advantages of the two method eliminating their shortcomings, thus making it a more feasible approach.


The invention discloses a polycyclic benzyl alcohol derivative with optical activity shown in a chemical formula [C-3] or a salt of the polycyclic benzyl alcohol derivative. The chemical formula is shown in the description.


Sea organisms have been lately in the limelight since they are a source of natural compounds and have become a new and promising study issue. Sea macroalgae are a vast source of biologically active prime matter and molecules used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural industry. Current analysis reviews recent progress in agricultural research on the bioactivity of sea algae and derived compounds. Three biological activities of macroalgae are underscored, namely, resistance induction to diseases in plants, plants´ growth stimuli and direct anti-microbial activity. A bibliographical review of scientific articles on the application
of sea macroalgae in agriculture was undertaken. Interest in marine macroalgae is due to such advantages as quick growth, production of great volumes of biomass and the exclusive characteristics of their polysaccharides/derived compounds, such as physical, chemical, rheological, biological properties, coupled to the chemical composition formed by rare sugars. The commercial exploitation of green, brown
and red macroalgae, albeit limited, along the Brazilian coast. may help in organic agriculture and in the production of pesticide contamination-free areas with a valorization of marine biomass usage.


The guiding idea of running university is a banner to the outside and a guiding principle to the inside of a university.Faced with the new circumstance of higher education,university administrators must keep pace with the times;establish the ideas of people-orientation,school-running,connotation priority,typical characteristics and internationalization and then convert these ideas in university administrators' highly-aware actions of running.


This paper seeks to review the state of the art concerning how documentary formulae were reproduced in early medieval private charters written in Latin. I shall estimate which kind of theoretical considerations and empirical evidence there are to support one or the other of the two main hypotheses, i.e., that i) charter scribes copied the formulae from models or ii) they had memorized the formulae and reproduced them from memory each time they wrote a new charter. I shall propose that the memorization hypothesis is more robust, but I shall also recognize intermediate positions.


Students have significant role to establish information security in a university. Their large population is associated with high possibility to be involved in various problems on information security. Moreover, informatics students come from various background, habit, experience, intellectual. Therefore, they must aware information security as required by university. This research is applied by measuring whether informatics students have adequate information security awareness (ISA). The measurement is demonstrated using quantitative assessment with three dimensions: knowledge, attitude, and behavior. This research employs 66 criteria which are distributed into 30 criteria in High while 26 are Medium and the rest are Low. This research also delivers all dimensions in Medium category based on their general average scores. These results are not fully satisfying due to High is not most dominant than other categories. Considering the detailed scores, the university can intepret critical issues to be anticipated for information security in the future. These results can be leveraged as insight for university's top-management to provide relevant ISA programs for informatics students.


This paper describes the use of a head mounted display as a design tool to gain better understanding of the issues faced by visually impaired people. The Oculus Rift Head Mounted Display (HMD) was used to navigate through a virtual 3D city model whilst conducting wayfinding and target location tasks. In addition to the baseline of normal vision, we simulated visual disabilities (macular degeneration. cataracts, glaucoma and myopia), such that the user experienced them in first person. We evaluated the system with 14 design students, who found the system useful and helpful in understanding the challenges faced by the visually impaired. The method can be applied to the early design phases of architectural and space design, where 3D models are increasingly commonly used.


We present the synthesis of Er-doped NaYF4/NaLuF4 core/shell nanocrystal films, which enable optical upconversion of photons from a wavelength of 1500 nm into photons of a wavelength of 980 nm. Com...


By using fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR(RT-PCR) technology,expression differences in different organs of the non-specific cytotoxic cell receptor(NCCRP-1) gene of lutjanus sanguineus stimulated by lipopolysaccharide,phenol and copper sulfate were studied.The result showed that the expression of NCCRP-1 could be detected in head kidney,spleen,thymus,liver,heart,brain,muscle and intestine after injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) about twenty-four hours.The NCCRP-1 gene was most highly expressed in head kidney,and spleen second,following in liver,brain,muscle,thymus and intestines,and the lowest in heart.After stimulating with LPS,phenol and CuSO 4,the peak of expressed NCCRP-1 was different in the tissues as stimulating time increasing.When the head kidney tissue was as a model tissue,the result of RT-PCR showed that expression patterns of NCCRP-1 in Lutjanus sanguineus were similar after stimulating with LPS,phenol and CuSO 4.The expression of NCCRP-1 increased gradually as time increasing.The maximum levels of expressed NCCRP-1 were 52,30 and 24 times higher than normal level at 24,9 and 12 h,respectively,then started to drop.The analysis of immunohistochemical method showed that only the specific cells from head kidney,spleen and thymus expressed NCCRP-1.


A b s t r a c t . The spectral properties of propyl gallate (PG) in water, organic solvents, micelles and lipid vesicles were investigated. In homogenous solvents the positions of fluorescence and absorption maxima of PG depend on the solvent nature. In protic solvents the emission maximum is red shifted and Stokes shift is higher compared to aprotic solvents. In sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS, micelles partition of PG between bulk water an d micellar phase was observed. In lipid vesicles the observed spectral shift and fluorescence quench ing experiments with iodide and acrylamide suggest that PG is located in the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid bilayer where it may act as an aqueous phase antioxidant. K e y w o r d s : antioxidant, micelle, lipid vesicle, abso rption, fluorescence, DPPC, lecithin


A system and method for authentication, authorization, and access management based on personally identifiable information and data sets pertaining to individual identity and its attributes within independent computer systems and digital networks.


We consider Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients and the harmonic potential. We suppose the perturbation is short-range type in the sense of [7]. We characterize the wave front set of the solutions to the equation in terms of the classical scattering data and the propagator of the unperturbed harmonic oscillator. In particular, we give a "recurrence of singularities" type theorem for the propagation of the period t = π.


Gesture recognition is a main research areas of the image processing and Hu moment due to its good invariance wide range of applications in the binary image for image recognition. Traditional Hu moments introduced into color image,obtained after a large number of experiments,the Hu moments in the color image,gesture recognition application in color image the image rotation recognition method based on Hu moments.


Osseointegrated dental implants are widely used for replacing missing teeth. Despite of reported high success rates, failures during healing phase of dental implants are still remarkable. Even under strictly controlled cases, sometimes bone tissue does not attach to titanium implant body or the implant body is lost by acute inflammatory reaction during healing phase. Genetic polymorphism may be a promoting factor for this phenomenon. Intravenous blood samples are taken from 11 patients who lost at least one dental implant during healing phase. Genomic DNA was amplified by polymer chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by endonucleases. Within the limited results of this study it may be concluded that MMP-1 gene polymorphism may be associated with failure during healing time of Osseointegrated dental implants


The paper presents an embedded reconfigurable accelerator called Xputer, comprising a novel kind of sequencer hardware (data sequencer). For many real-time signal processing, multimedia, and other high-performance applications this new data-driven architecture increases the performance of a single processor system enormously by integrating it as a co-processor for accelerating computation-intensive parts of an application. The reconfigurable architecture and programming environment is described. Its use is illustrated with an automotive application requiring real-time image processing.


Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) has been proposed to play a critical role in the innate detection of viruses. However, as several reports have demonstrated that TLR3 signaling is either dispensable or even harmful following certain viral infections, the role of TLR3 in anti-viral immunity remains controversial. Here, we asked whether TLR3 is required for the immune response to coxsackievirus B4 (CB4), a common human pathogen associated with pancreatitis, myocarditis and diabetes. We demonstrate that TLR3 signaling is required for survival following CB4 infection. TLR3 deficient mice produce lower levels pro-inflammatory mediators and are unable to control viral replication resulting in severe cardiac damage and increased mortality. We further demonstrate that the MyD88-dependent signaling pathways are dispensable in the response to this RNA virus and are unable to compensate for the loss of TLR3. Finally, we demonstrate that adoptive transfer of WT macrophages is sufficient to reestablish protection in a TLR3 deficient host by reducing cardiac pathology suggesting that TLR3 signaling on macrophages is critical for survival following CB4 infection. Our results demonstrate that TLR3 is not simply part of a redundant system of viral recognition, but rather TLR3 plays an essential role in recognizing the molecular signatures associated with specific viruses including CB4.
 This work was supported by a CIHR grant to MSH.


Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.seeds were soaked in acidic chitosan solution of different concentrations with 0.05%,0.10%,0.15%,0.20% for 24 hours in comparison with seeds in water.Seed germination rate,germination energy,germination index and vigor index and seedling root length,seedling height,fresh weight and dry weight,and germination process of α-amylase,dehydrogenase,POD,CAT activity and chlorophyll content of seedlings and other physiological indicators were measured.The results showed that the chitosan improved seed germination and seedling growth.With the increasing of chitosan concentration,the indicators rised firstly and then reduced,and the optimum concentrations was 0.1%.When the concentration reached to 0.3%,Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.seeds germination and seedlings growth were inhibited at a certain extent.


To perform an early stage detection of the deterioration of steel parts used in infrastructures, a nondestructive testing (NDT) method is required, which is capable of evaluating hidden parts such as a steel deck covered with an asphalt pavement. To achieve this, a magnetic field detector should be sufficiently large to detect magnetic fields over a wide range to account for high lift-off. In addition, the detector must be capable of functioning at high frequencies for a high-speed inspection of surface cracks, and at low frequencies to compensate for the skin effect during the inspection of inner or rear side cracks. In this paper, we developed a magnetic field detector for eddy current testing in a wide frequency range by combining a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil made using DI-BSCCO tapes with a tunnel magnetoresistive (TMR) sensor. The TMR sensor was attached on the inside of the loop of the HTS coil to maximize the shielding characteristic. We applied the developed system to NDT, which can detect a signal from an artificial crack with a lift-off of 75 mm, which is greater than the thickness of the asphalt pavement. In addition, inner cracks that are 2.7 mm beneath the surface can be detected with a 10 Hz applied magnetic field.


Recent work (e.g., Harkins, 1987; Szymanski & Harkins, 1987) has suggested that social loafing occurs because participants' outputs cannot be evaluated by the experimenter, by the coactors, or by the participants themselves. This analysis has focused on the output of the individual, but in loafing research, participants work together to produce a group product. However, in this prior work participants have been unable to make anything of this group product, because no standard of comparison has been made available. Several recent formulations (e.g., Goethals & Darley, 1987) have suggested that the potential for group evaluation could motivate performance. Testing this hypothesis in 2 experiments, 1 using an optimizing task and the other a maximizing task, we found that providing a standard that allowed the "group" to evaluate its performance eliminated the loafing effect. The implications of these findings for current theories of group evaluation are discussed.


Here we present in a single essay a combination and completion of the several aspects of the problem of randomness of individual objects which of necessity occur scattered in our texbook"An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications"(M. Li and P. Vitanyi), 2nd Ed., Springer-Verlag, 1997.


The complications that effected on key geometry parameters of the drill point had been searched in this paper by the result of 3D figuration simulation. The simulation result solved the quantificational change relations between the main structure angles of the hyperboloid drill and its figuration configuration parameters on numerical value relation. This method will give a theoretic basis and effectively optimize method for practically drill and grinding.


We review some applications of noncommutative geometry to the study of transverse geometry of Riemannian foliations and discuss open problems.


Puerto Rico and Domincan Republic 4/21/2012 9:00:00 AM Coordianted by the San Juan Bay Estuary Program and the Environmental Quality Board, over 1,000 participants will perform water quality monitoring around Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic. Other organizations collaborating in the event are: PRWEA, Jobos Bay Estuary Program, EPA, Tetratek.

If you want to participate in Puerto Rico please write to email@example.com.


Objective: To determine the impact of personal hygiene on woman who complain pelvic inflammatory disease Methodology: A quasi experimental study in the High Institute Infertility Diagnostic and A.R.T.(assistance reproductive technology) in AL-Kadimya city and al-Emamian al Kadmain medical city hospital. The sample collected during (26th ) January – (30th ) April 2014. A purposive sample of (60) women, (30) of them regard as study group and (30) regard as a control group whom they take routine care in the institute and hospital. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic data, reproductive health for women, information related to pelvic inflammatory disease, and information related to personal hygiene. pilot study has been carried out to test the reliability of the questionnaire and content validity has been carried out through the (15)experts. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses are used to analyze the data . Results : The results presented that woman who used special chemical disinfectant solutions and irrigations for clean the perineal area (66.7%) for both samples, who are using herbal soap (53%) (36.7%) for the study and control sample respectively, washing the area daily as range from (1-2) times were (46.7%) (43.3%) for the study and control sample, washing the area from front to back (80%) (63.3%) for the study and control sample, who leave the area dry (50%) (56.7%) for the study and control sample, who used healthy tissues for drying the area (50%) (60%0 for the study and control sample, with her change underwear daily (100%) (90%) for the study and control sample, with her expose underwear to the sun shine (76.7%) (70.7%) for the study and control sample, with wear cotton cloths (60%) (50%) for the study and control sample, with change the sanitary pads in the menstrual period during the day as the range from (1-2) times (60%) (70%) for the study and control sample . Recommendations: Setting up procedures of instructional and educational programs to the women who suffering of pelvic inflammatory disease, by using healthy methods of personal hygiene (perennial's care area), and during intercourse, such as using condom or external ejaculation by the husband, or abstinence sexual intercourse during treatment course in case taking the treatment both of partners


Challenge: focus can be matched automatically to the feature point of any object that is selected from the image displayed is an object of various shapes, provided the focus adjustment method and apparatus. SOLUTION: a work table on which a substrate is mounted, and having no imaging device auto-focus function, and XYZ driving system for relatively moving the work table and the image pickup device, a storage device for storing image where the imaging device imaged a display device for displaying an image display area, carried an input device that allows specifying an arbitrary position in the image display area, the image processing on a plurality of captured images stored in the storage device, the contrast of the captured images imaging and determining focus determination device focus image based, a control device and focusing method using a working apparatus having a for controlling the operation of the imaging device and XYZ driving device, a portion of the substrate by the imaging device portions captured image to acquire the first step of displaying on the image display area having a plurality of divided areas, for one divided area selected by the user via an input device , Focusing method and apparatus having a third step, to be displayed on the image display area captured image determined second step of the focused image determination, in-focus image by focusing determination device.


The mind involves the whole body and two-way communication between the brain and the cardiovascular, immune and other systems via neural and endocrine mechanisms. Stress is a condition of the mind and a factor in the expression of disease that differs among individuals. A broader view is that it is not just the dramatic stressful events that exact their toll but rather the many events of daily life that elevates activities of physiological systems so as to cause some measure of wear and tear. We call this wear and tear 'allostatic load', and it reflects not only the impact of life experiences but also genetic load' individual life-style habits reflecting items such as diet, exercise and substance abuse' and developmental experiences that set life-long patterns of behavior and physiological reactivity (1). Hormones associated with stress and allostatic load protect the body in the short-run and promote adaptation, but the long run allostatic load causes changes in the body that lead to disease. This will be illustrated for the immune system and brain regions involved in stress, fear and cognition (e.g. hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex). Besides developmental influences associated with mother–infant interactions, the most potent of stressors in adult life are those arising from competitive interactions between animals of the same species, leading to the formation of dominance hierarchies. Psychosocial stress of this type not only impairs cognitive function of lower ranking animals, but it can also promote disease (e.g. atherosclerosis) among those vying for the dominant position, as well as depressive illness. Social ordering in human society is also associated with gradients of disease, with an increasing frequency or mortality and morbidity as one descends the scale of socioeconomic status (SES) that reflects both income and education. Although the causes of these gradients of health are very complex, they are likely to reflect, with increasing frequency at the lower end of the scale, the cumulative burden of coping with limited resources and negative life events as well as differences in life style, and the allostatic load that this burden places on the physiological systems involved in adaptation and coping. (1) McEwen, B.S. (1998) Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. New England J. Med. 238, 171–179.


Purpose – The purpose of this review is to survey the literature addressing the professional development of academic librarians in the context of adult education principles. Design/methodology/approach – This article is a literature review. Findings – The review reveals that among those activities incorporating concepts from the adult education field andragogy, transformational learning, communities of practice and instructional design are most prevalent. Originality/value – To date, no other literature review considers adult education concepts in professional development of academic librarians.


Approximately 15% of canine disk disease affects the cervical region, with pain being the most significant sign. The authors describe the ocurrence of cervical disk protrusion in 17 dogs, grouped according to the breed, sex, weight, age, duration of symptoms, disk involvement, time elapsed to recuperation after surgery and results. Dachshund represented 29.5% (n=5), mixed-breed dogs, Miniature Poodle and English Cocker Spaniel, 17.6% each (n=9), Miniature Pinscher, 11.8% (n=2) and Dalmatian, 5.9% (n=1). Fifty-eight per cent were males. Weight varied from 2 to 29kg. Mean age at presentation was 5.8 years. All dogs presented neck pain and various degrees of ataxia, exception of one dog that was tetraparetic at time of clinical exam. Duration of clinical signs varied from 2 to 90 days. Intervertebral disks more commonly affected were C2/3 (40%), C3/4 (25%), C4/5 (15%), C5/6 (10%) e C6/7 (10%); some animals presented multifocal involvement. Ventral cervical fenestration was performed in disks C2/3 to C6/7, using tartar scrapers for curetage. Mean time for recuperation was beetwen 9 and 38 days, with 100% of success regarding sensory-motor function. It is concluded that ventral fenestration provides excelent results for the treatment of cervical disk disease, considering case selection.


The creation and evaluation of a STATCOM to achieve current and voltage balancing in an induction generator with three phases in a single-phase operation feeding a single-phase diode rectifier load are presented in this study. Simulink is used to represent the overall system, and the overall system's performance is investigated. Models of a single-phase three-phase induction generator are used to feed an experimental setup that includes a three-phase induction generator in this study. The wind turbine induction generator is connected to the grid via a 25-kilometer cable (WTIG). A 125 kV/25 kV transformer integrates a 120 kV, 60 Hz regional grid. Using a STATCOM-based voltage regulator, the final results show that terminal voltage can be kept constant for both nonlinear balanced and unbalanced loads with no harmonics.


Above-average rainfall in the last twelve years has led to rising water levels in the Devils
Lake basin in northeastern North Dakota. An irrigation test project has been started at ten farmercooperator
field sites within the basin to estimate how much additional water can be utilized via
irrigation of agricultural crops. Comprehensive soil/water compatibility investigations coupled with
GIS analysis of detailed soil survey data (SSURGO) will be utilized to assess the potential for
sustainable irrigation development and potentially extend the results to the entire basin. The
installation and monitoring phase of the test project will be described in this paper. Water balance
monitoring at the sites will include measurements of rainfall and irrigation, soil water content, deep
percolation, and ground water level. The surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) model
will be developed in Erdas Imagine/Arc Map interface for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) in the
basin. Correlations will be developed between ET and soil physical and chemical properties affecting
sustainability as well as other factors, such as crop types, soil map units, and landscape position in
order to assess the feasibility, impact, and sustainability of the larger scale irrigation in this mostly
non-irrigated basin.


A 56-year-old woman with severely symptomatic distal left ventricular hypertrophy resulting in an intraventricular pressure gradient underwent a hemodynamic pacing study in the cardiac catheter laboratory. Her symptoms, for . 5 years, consisted of dyspnea and dizziness according to NYHA Class III to IV during mild exercise. A 12-lead ECG on admission showed sinus bradycardia (40 beats/min). Pharmacologic treatment with disopyramide failed to relieve symptoms and administration of metoprolol worsened symptoms. Invasive assessment of the left mid-ventricular pressure gradient in sinus rhythm (40 beats/min) revealed a peak-to-peak gradient of 60 mmHg (left Fig., A). During pacing from the right atrial appendage, the gradient was reduced to 30 mmHg at 50 ppm (left Fig., B) and 20 mmHg at 60 ppm (left Fig., C). Atrial pacing at 70 ppm resulted in complete resolution of the gradient (left Fig., D). Dualchamber pacing at an atrial ventricular interval of 120 msec reduced systolic blood pressure (left Fig., E). The patient underwent implantation of a transvenous dual-chamber pacemaker, which was programmed as AAI mode of 70 ppm. While left ventriculography during sinus bradycardia showed left mid-ventricular obstruction and systolic entrapment of an apical cavity (right Fig., A), there was signiŽ cant improvement in a mid-ventricular narrowing during atrial pacing (right Fig., B). Decreased afterload secondary to greater aortic decompression with the longer diastole increased intrinsic force of contraction with the bradycardia (Woodworth et al: Am J Physiol 1902;8:213-249), and Starling' s law may play a role in the dynamic increase in obstruction observed during bradycardia. There is a possibility of mitral regurgitation for the mechanism of blood pressure decrease during dual-chamber pacing occurring without an intraventricular pressure gradient. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 12, p. 733, June 2001.


800x600 N 2 -fixing and P-solubilizing bacteria are important in plant nutrition increasing N and P uptake by the plants, and playing a significant role as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the biofertilization of crops. N 2 -fixing and P-solubilizing bacteria have great potential to enhance nutrient availability with increase the soil enzyme activity. The present study was conducted two different locations (Erzurum and Ispir) in the Eastern part of Turkey to investigate the effects of seed coating by N 2 -fixing and P-solubilizing PGPR strains on soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphates, and acid phosphates) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) growth in comparison to control and optimum and half of N fertilizer doses application under field condition in 2007 and 2008. The treatments included control (no inoculation and fertilizer), Nitrogen (40 kg N ha -1 ), Nitrogen (80 kg N ha -1 ), Bacillus OSU-142, (5) Bacillus M-3, Azospirillum sp.245, OSU-142 + M-13 + Azospirillum sp.245, Bacillus megaterium RC07, Paenibacillus polymyxa RC05 and B. licheniformis RC08. All bacterial inoculations, especially mixed inoculation, significantly increased enzyme activities and uptake of macro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) of grain, leaf, and straw part of the barley compared to the control. The data suggested that seed inoculation with OSU-142 + M3 + Azospirillum sp.245 may substitute N and P fertilizers in barley production. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */
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After their shattered individual dreams, the black women in Brewster Place have recognized the value of the black sisterhood. Based on the description of the different individual dreams, this paper aims to discuss the power of the black sisterhood, though in Mattie's deferred dream, is strong enough to tear down the wall symbolizing the racial and sexual isolation in Brewster Place.


Fluorinated 1,3,5-triazapentadienyl ligand [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2] (Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) has been used in the synthesis of monomeric gold(I)-ethylene, tBuNC, tetrahydrothiophene (THT), and PPh3 complexes. X-ray crystal structures show a rich diversity of coordination modes in which gold coordinates to the central nitrogen atom of 1,3,5-triazapentadienyl ligand in tBuNCAu[N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2] and (THT)Au[N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2] or one of the two terminal nitrogen atoms in [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2]Au(THT) and [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2]Au(PPh3), or to both terminal nitrogen atoms in the chelated [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2]Au(C2H4). The triazapentadienyl ligand therefore serves as either κ1-N or κ2-NN donor, and the N3C3 backbone adopts either a distorted W- or U-shaped conformation. The gold(I) THT adduct exists as a mixture of two isomers in the solid state, as evident from structural data. The gold(I) atom in tBuNCAu[N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2], (THT)Au[N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2], [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2]Au(THT), and [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2]Au(PPh3) display linear geometry, whereas [N{(C3F7)C(Dipp)N}2]Au(C2H4) has a three-coordinate, trigonal-planar gold site. Energies of each [N{(CF3)C(Dipp)N}2]AuL (L = ethylene, tBuNC, PPh3 and THT) in κ2-NN chelating, κ1-N central, and κ1-N terminal coordination modes of triazapentadienyl ligand have also been investigated by using DFT.


The international community founded the United Nations in 1945 as the centrepiece of an ambitious institutional strategy to prevent the recurrence of world war, global depression, and massive humanitarian crises. Sixty years later the world is again confronting multiple governance challenges, none of which can be met through unilateral or bilateral means alone, and the existing architecture of multilateral institutions is in serious need of reform. A renaissance in multilateral institutions will not proceed far, however, unless the central problem of reforming the United Nations is confronted. In this Keynote, Christian Reus-Smit, Marianne Hanson, Hilary Charlesworth and William Maley consider three crucial aspects of UN reform: Security Council reform, renovation of the UN human rights system, and the role of the UN in responding to broader humanitarian crises. The release of this report coincides with the publication of the findings of a sixteen-member committee appointed by the UN secretary-general, Kofi Annan, to propose ways of strengthening international security.


This article puts forward a hypothesis.In this article, the derivative of the cosmological constant is positive, and there is a possibility that the constant evolves from negative in the early universe to positive in the later period. We assume that both macroscopic and microscopic systems are closed systems and the entropy of the system increases to 0. The entropy of the macroscopic open system increases and the entropy of the microscopic system decreases. We know that Adspace can constitute Ads/CFT theory, but there are serious difficulties with ds-space (experimentally, the universe is ds-spacetime). Assuming that the microsystem has a spontaneous entropy reduction process, Ads-space can evolve into ds-space.


AIM
To clarify the etiology of nosocomial UTIs occurring in the urology departments and the outpatient clinic of the Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital (IvRCH), to develop recommendations on the empirical use of antibiotic therapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Bacterial composition of urine in urological patients was monitored from 1999 to 2015. The sensitivity of the pathogens to the main antibacterial agents was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test.

RESULTS
The study determined the frequency of detecting pathogens associated with urinary tract infections in adults and children, established the association between the spectrum of pathogens and patient age and determined the most effective antibacterial drugs in patients with nosocomial UTI in the Ivanovo region. High resistance levels of E. coli strains were detected against fluoroquinolones, nalidixic acid, and nitrofurans; they were three times higher than that against cephalosporins.

CONCLUSION
The findings show the need to reduce the empirical use of fluoroquinolones, nalidixic acid, and nitrofurans and completely exclude the use of ampicillin in patients with nosocomial UTI in the Ivanovo region. To reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections, patients discharged from the hospital should be administered empirical therapy with third-generation cephalosporins.


How to choose the capital structure has been the probe question of the economy circle in China. This paper has a quantity analysis on corporation's capital structure and puts forward a method to confirm the best capital structure about financing decision in order to help the business policy maker. Keywordscapital structure; capital cost; financial risk


This is the second of a 3-part study analyzing changes over time in transitions between the basic labor force states — employment (E), unemployment (U) and outside the labor force (Q) — with an emphasis on the flows into and out of unemployment. The studies are based on panel data from recurrent interviews in the Labor Force Survey, which document changes in each respondent's labor force status between four interviews, spread over 15 months. The present study analyzes transitions from employment to unemployment (E→U) and to out of the labor force (E→Q). We find an increase between 1980 and 1991 in the rate of exit from employment to unemployment (E→U), and stability in the rate of withdrawal from employment to outside the labor force. Our analysis disaggregates the E →U increase into the following components: (i) changes in overall labor demand; (ii) substitution by employers of new additions to the labor force for the currently employed; (iii) the changing industrial composition of employment; changes in the composition of the employed by the amount of their human capital; and changing reactions of specific groups to economic shocks, which we label as changes in structural unemployment. We conclude that the rise in the rate of exit from employment to unemployment is primarily due to the slowdown in the growth rate of overall labor demand, enhanced by unemployment hysteresis: persons with unemployment episodes prior to their employment have a high probability of becoming unemployed again. The evidence supports complementarity, rather than substitution, between the currently employed and new entrants into the labor force: a rise in the latter is associated with a lower E →U. Changes in the demographic and industrial composition of the labor force helped to contain unemployment and offset some of its adverse macroeconomic effects. Last, there is no evidence of a rise in structural unemployment.


In December 1994, a revolution began in local regulation of the labor market in the United States. In that month, a coalition linking church leaders (Baltimoreans United in Leadership Development, BUILD) and a public employee union (the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, AFSCME) convinced Baltimore's city government to adopt a "living wage" law, requiring city contractors to pay their workers a minimum of $6.10 per hour, significantly exceeding the then current federal minimum wage of $4.25. Between that month and the time of this writing, 117 local living wage ordinances have been adopted across the United States,


-adic filtrations see 7, 11, 18, 21 . wx.In the first section of this paper we extend most of the techniques of 4,w5 to the case of Hilbert filtrations and by doing so, we are also able toxoffer alternative simple proofs of some results of 7 .wxIn the second section, thanks to the setting just described, if


Extensions of program flow monitors and n-version programming can be combined to provide a solution to the detection and containment of computer viruses. The consequence is that a computer can tolerate both deliberate faults and random physical faults by one common mechanism. Specifically, the technique detects control flow errors due to physical faults as well as the presence of viruses.<<ETX>>


A capturing system with multispectral filter array (MSFA) technology has been researched to shorten the capturing time and reduce the cost. In this system, the mosaicked image captured by the MSFA is demosaicked to reconstruct multispectral images (MSIs). We focus on the spectral sensitivity design of a MSFA in this paper and propose a pathology-specific MSFA. The proposed method optimizes the MSFA by minimizing the reconstruction error between training data of a pathological tissue and a demosaicked MSI under a cost function. Firstly, the spectral sensitivities of the filter array are set randomly, and the mosaicked image is obtained from the training data and the filter array. Then, a reconstructed image is obtained by Wiener estimation. The spectral sensitivities of the filter array are optimized iteratively by an interior-point approach to minimize the reconstruction error. We show the effectiveness of the proposed MSFA by comparing the recovered spectrum and RGB image with a conventional method.


Ophitoxaemia is the rather exotic term that characterizes the clinical aspect of snakebite envenomation (Mathew and Gera, 2000). Snakebites include fear and panic of death from envenomation. The mythical Medusa and Cleopatra do
little to improve the image. Fortunately the majority of the bites are from non- venomous snakes and only 10 – 20 % of bites end up with envenomation or ophitoxaemia. This does not mean that all of these are dangerous; indeed a few of them cannot envenomate a human simply because their jaws are too small to administer a bite or after a bite insufficient amount of venom is injected. Others,
however, can inflict symptoms of sickness and discomfort for at least a few hours, while others can cause damage or even death to human victims, if proper medicines are not applied. In particular, people living in cooler parts of the world usually have nothing to fear even from venomous species, whose venom is not usually strong. But in the grassy and swampy lands of tropical countries, snakebite
causalities are maximum. Usually twice in a year, the number of bites increases. These correspond to the time when the rice fields are being planted and harvested.
Majority of the bites on the farmers are on their lower parts of the body and hands. Again many unfortunate people simply stay barefoot on the startled snake with
unfortunate consequences. It is important to know that snakes generally attack only when provoked e.g. when handled or trodden upon or in self-defense.
Moreover victim's rural location hinders them from seeking immediate medical attention. In fact it is often as long as 5 hours before the victim can reach a medical facility.


ASEAN - South Korea trade cooperation has been maintained and accelerated for recent years. Both ASEAN and South Korea are important trade counterparts. The prosperity and market potentials for the future of the region will be a significant motivation for a more intensive cooperation between ASEAN and South Korea in the future. The ASEAN - South Korea Free Trade Agreement of Goods will certainly bring great opportunities for trade development among member countries in the region and increase the competitiveness for goods and products from South Korea and ASEAN within the regional markets as well. However, the difference in socioeconomic development levels, the massive impact of the U.S. market, together with the rapid economic growth of China are great obstacles for trade development of between Korea and ASEAN countries in the future.


In the introduction, the author focuses on a problem, in the past, present and future, eternal actually – globalization. Next, Romania's commercial policy is directed mainly towards the European Union, the largest economic bloc in Europe in 2017 compared to the 2016 or 2018 years, with forecasts for 2019-2021


A rapid agar-diffusion assay for the quantitative determination of gentamicin in small volumes of body fluid is described. Gentamicin can be assayed, even in the presence of a penicillin or a cephalosporin, simply and inexpensively. Such methods make it possible to insure concentrations of gentamicin that are therapeutic and to avoid those considered to be possibly toxic. The assay is reliable, reproducible, and the results compare favorably with those obtained by other methods. Experience with the relation between dosage and blood level using this assay following intramuscular and intravenous administration of gentamicin is presented.


One of Heidegger's main targets of criticism in History of the Concept of Time is Husserl's theory of intentionality. This criticism, however, has roots in Heidegger's earliest thinking over the course of his student years and pertains to what Ernst Tugendhat called the problem of encounter as such. In this article I present how the critical appropriation of Rickert's and Lask's ideas shaped a unique interpretation of the subject's existence in the early stages of Heidegger's career, contributing to the (dis)solution of the encounter problem and anticipating an independent version of phenomenology more than a decade before the publication of Being and Time. These alternative sources of influence illuminate Heidegger's own path, which is significantly different from Husserl's from the very start. In particular, I show in the article how Heidegger's critical appropriation of Neo-Kantian sources allows him already during the 1910s to see the derivative status of the theoretical subject-object dichotomy and to realize the need to investigate living subjectivity in its embeddedness in the world.


AbstractThe goal of this paper is to establish a new approach with graph networks, which we refer to as the cluster grammar, as a computational linguistic grammar. The main content of this paper is the construction of the theory and the verification of its potential for application in computer science.We begin by introducing the graph networks, which we refer to as cluster graphs. The graphs are considered as the essential elements for the language ability. The innate abilities that we introduce in order to elucidate the acquisition of the language ability, generation and processing of sentences are given as graph theoretical algorithms. The theory includes a sort of verification problem as well as the Universal Grammar introduced by Chomsky, however the theory is intended to be applied for information technology where the given algorithms and methods can be developed further to have computers process languages with more developed data structure and more human.Contents:IntroductionGrammar StructureAcquisition of the Language Ability and Application for ComputerConclusion and further investigationReferences


Introduced by the Google Company as a customized intelligent terminal operating system used in the mobile phone,Android has undergone the fastest development and will surely produce an important and far-reaching impact on handset operating system.The article studies this system architecture,code structure,and especially its principles and characteristics of drivers.


Taking clone 32-29 of Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis as materials,stem segments and callus as explants for transformation,factors affecting the transformation frequency,such as the kind of Agrobacterium and infection time were investigated.The concentrations of kanamycin,and antibiotics to inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium,which were suitable to transform E.urophylla×E.grandis were discussed.The results indicated that the efficiency of transformation was higher in stem segments than callus,higher in LBA4404 than EHA105.The suitable infection time was 4 min,and the conversion rates were 80.7 % and 63.5% respectively.The media for better growth contained kanamycin 50 mg·L-1 and cefazolin sodium 400 mg·L-1.


In order to continuously improve the service capabilities of the 5G communication network and promote the formation of a high-quality and efficient service structure, the R&D team and technical personnel have gradually tried to apply big data technology to the 5G communication network and achieved certain results. In this context, the article takes the application of big data technology as a starting point, systematically discusses the application method of big data technology in 5G communication network, and studies the integration modeling and heterogeneous simulation of big data technology in 5G communication network based on deep learning. The simulation results show that the heterogeneous network improves big data by 6.6%.


A simple technique for the orthogonal time multiplexing and demultiplexing of quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signals is demonstrated. To demultiplex a time signal from a parallel time-wavelength multiplexed superchannel, a Mach-Zehnder Modulator is sufficient for I and Q without the need of any optical filter.


The invention discloses a method for extracting enriched phytosterol from quinoa bran to obtain quinoa bran extract with the content of quinoa phytosterol and belongs to the technical field of extraction separation of effective ingredients of plants. The method comprises the steps of causing quinoa bran raw material to be subjected to extraction through alcohol and concentration, adding water to perform distillation, adjusting the PH value and then performing boiling and filtration, drying residue and then adding activated clay and petroleum ether to perform hot reflux, performing stirring and filtration, making filtrate stand and crystallize, and finally drying crystal to obtain quinoa phytosterol with a content of 70%.


In this Brief Report we give a brief derivation of the optical absorption of the Fano model in the general case of many resonances coupled to many continua. The calculation is straightforward and is entirely based upon simple matrix algebra. We also show the equivalence of our solution to previous results by Fano and Starace [Phys. Rev. $124,$ 1866 (1961)] [Phys. Rev. B $5,$ 1773 (1972)].


Background: Chronic liver disease is associated with various complications including thrombocytopenia. Aim: To determine the frequency of thrombocytopenia and its severity among patients of chronic liver disease presented to a tertiary care hospital. Study design: It was Cross-Sectional Study. Study duration & setting: 7th December 2019 to 6th June 2020, Medical unit 2, Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Methodology: After approval from hospital ethical committee 190 patients aged 15 to 70 years having chronic liver disease were enrolled. Written informed consent was taken frequency of thrombocytopenia was determined in all patients. Results were analyzed using SPSS 24. Results: In our study total 190 patients were enrolled with mean age of 43.29±14.7 years. There were 36.3% patients in younger age group and 63.7% in elder age group. There were 46.8% male and 53.2% female patients. Thrombocytopenia was present 36.3% patients. Mild thrombocytopenia was present in 26.1%, moderate thrombocytopenia was present in 49.3% patients and severe thrombocytopenia was present in 24.6%. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is very common Chronic Liver Disease patients and all patients should be screened for thrombocytopenia at time of admission Keywords: Chronic liver disease, Thrombocytopenia, Male gender.


The hpa gene genetically linked to the ctxa2b gene was cloned into the pTED expression vector, and the constructed pTEDhpa/ctxa2b was transformed into Escherichia coli. The fusion protein, the adhesin fused to the cholera toxin subunit A2B (CTXA2B) subunit, was expressed to high levels as inclusion bodies in E. coli. The expressed protein was partially purified by washing the inclusion bodies with working solution containing 8 M Urea and 0.1 M DTT. Refolding of denatured fusion protein was carried out in the presence of glutathione redox buffer. The refolded fusion protein was purified by size exclusion chromatography. The expressed fusion protein was verified by SDS-PAGE, western blotting with antibodies to both antigenic components of adhesin and cholera toxin subunit B (CTXB), and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was analyzed. The orderly-assembled fusion protein was confirmed by modified G M1 -ganglioside ELISA with Abs to adhesin. The results indicate that the purified fusion protein is an Adhesin/CTXA2B protein containing the H. pylori adhesin and G M1 -ganglioside binding activity of CTXB and the expressed fusion protein in E. coli could be easily purified by the refolding process. Its molecular weight was 168 kDa as estimated by size exclusion chromatography. The Adhesin/CTXA2B protein may be used as a candidate antigen for oral immunization against H. pylori.


In recent years, computer science education teachers needed to incorporate challenge-based and teambased collaboration projects to enhance learning and prepare students for their future careers. The successful use of team-based work structures depends on the ability of team members to work together with each team developing its own pattern of work. Using affinity propagation as an algorithm, we study the patterns of collaborative behavior from Trello data obtained from 16 teams collaborating on business cases. All the teams were given the same instructions and were asked to use Trello to organize and monitor tasks. Actions of the group members in Trello were categorized as different contribution types, namely activities involving planning, coordination, further input, deletion, or updates on tasks. Sequences of those actions were first created for each group and later used to explore the differences in the working process between the groups. We analyze data and interpret patterns of collaborative work during the entire collaboration on the project, as well as patterns of work that emerged in the first 50 actions in teamwork, since literature indicates that the first actions in teamwork are important for the creation of a "team memory". We present both the initiating sequences along with entire sequences for all teams, and some first results for the different collaboration patterns we observed. This study is the very first exploratory research covering collaboration patterns with Trello data. This kind of pattern analysis could provide teachers with a means to identify teams that need further support in their teamwork. Our data suggest that future studies could complement the analysis with data also coming from other channels used by students for communication and organization of teamwork triangulating data with them.


The present invention is a single crystal semiconductor layer having a plurality of devices and, as above, singular or plural insulating layer in contact with the bottom of the single crystal semiconductor layer, having the wire and the connection line in the insulating layer, the wiring and the connecting line is a plurality of devices the IC is a three-dimensional structure characterized in that the direct or indirect connection. The number of stages or a plurality of single crystal semiconductor layer is a layer SOI (Semiconductor-Insulator-0n) formed by the junction. The devices are separated by isolation structures, each device is a structure such as that due to the insulating layer bonded to the top and bottom of the mewojin insulator and the device isolation structure floating on the insulator layer. Connection of the device, characterized in that is used to wire the connection lines in the insulating layers, all or some of the devices do not have a substrate that is shared by physically or electrically, having a substrate alignment structure or chip alignment structure. A three-dimensional integrated circuit, the vertical devices, MOSFET, DRAM, SRAM, Flash Memory, Vertical Transistor, SOI, Inverter, SoC


In the entire life cycle of the academic research ecology, subject research is a sustainable, cyclical, interactive, and continuously improving process. We use research data sets to study the process, results and main points of academic research, and analyze the process of academic research. Stages, development, and the future, especially the frontier analysis of academic research and the outlook of the subject situation, can guide the development of the industry, guide the frontier development of the academic field and track future trends. This article mainly focuses on research data in a broad sense, and conducts basic data and structural data such as field discipline development, expert research and judgment, patent navigation, competitiveness analysis, etc., and reveals the field research power, contribution and influence of the mining safety discipline and the frontier of the engineering field.


We proposed to carry out a set of measurements of absolute production cross sections for Po to Th nuclei formed in very asymmetric complete fusion reactions [1]. The aim of experiments is to obtain reference cross section data for the analysis of the fusion probability in less asymmetric and (nearly-) symmetric projectile-target combinations leading to (close) the same compound nuclei and deriving fission barrier heights with the standard statistical model analysis. We intended to use the detection of -particles of evaporation residues (ER) collected by a catcher foil installed just behind a target [1,2].


Cloud computing platform provides global sharing and accessing of resources. Cloud offers data storage and sharing facilities that provides better scalability. Apart from the advantages offered by Cloud, it also finds difficulties in maintaining the integrity and security for the shared data. Public auditing is a mechanism by which the integrity of data could be maintained so that the correctness of data could be verified thereafter. Even if the system could assure data correctness, there may be chances of some security threats. Security must be established for the data shared and one who shares it. So, for that a new form of signing method is to be developed for sharing the data to Cloud, which could verify whether the data is shared by an authenticated user or not. In this paper, we discuss about a system that helps to verify the integrity of data and also to make sure that, signatures are made by an authenticated signer.


Abstract The motion of dislocations through randomly positioned localized and thermally-penetrable obstacles interacting with dislocations only at contact is in the form of local penetration and short range sideways' unzipping '. Under an applied stress, the spacings of obstacles along the dislocation line obey a nearly exponential-type distribution resulting in a similar distribution of cusp forces which the dislocation exerts on the obstacles along its length. When the obstacles are thermally penetrable, the dislocation moves forward by first being released from obstacles subjected to cusp forces larger than 1·23 times the average cusp force, and then followed by a sideways' unzipping' of two average segment lengths and resulting in a forward motion time considerably shorter than the activation time of the obstacle subjected to the average cusp force. With decreasing temperature the forward motion time becomes a smaller fraction of the time for activation of the average obstacle. This jerky motion of th...


Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUSPB). Methods We reported two cases,45 and 46 years old,of septic shock and MODS after TRUSPB from June 1996 to May 2011.10 cases like these two cases in literatures were acquired (3 cases in Chinese and 7 cases in English) from 1991 to 2011,and the causes of severe infections following transrectal prostate biopsy and its prophylactic procedures were discussed as well. Results The two cases,suffered postoperative septic shock and MODS 16 -40 h after being smoothly performed TRUSPB.One patient died four days after surgery and the other improved after five days antibiotic treatment.All the 12 cases had abrupt onsets and deteriorated rapidly,2 cases died and 1 case was performed amputation due to double lower limb gangrene,resulted in high mortality and morbidity.There are many risk factors,such as repeated puncture (4/12),diabetes (3/12),chronic infections (3/12) and used immune suppression (1/12),et al; blood culture was positive in 9 case and E.coli bacteria was the main bacteria(8/9),besides,half of them were multi-drug resistant (4/8) and other 2 cases were ESBLs ( + ) or 1 case was quinolone-resistant repectively.9 cases recovered after actively controlled infection using carbapenem and other treatment. Conclusions Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy could cause serious complications such as septic shock,to which more attentions should be paid.Preoperative use of carbapenem should be recommended for patients with repeating biopsy or other risk factors.

Key words:
Prostate neoplasms ; Punctures ; Transrectal; Septic shock ; Multiple organ dys function syndrome


Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) is a future wide-swath radar altimetry mission. The main instrument is the Ka-band radar interferometer (KaRIn). It provides interferometric radar images that will be processed to obtain water elevation estimates worldwide. Due to the specific geometric and radiometric characteristics of KaRIn/SWOT, the phase-to-height conversion is one of the most critical processing steps. We propose methods to estimate water heights without using classical approaches based on spatial phase unwrapping and control points. Results obtained on the simulated SWOT data are shown.


Growth in an open economy - some recent developments, Stephen Turnovsky discussion - Lucrezia Reichlin knowledge, technology and economic growth - an OECD perspective, Andrea Bassanini et al discussions - Raouf Boucekkine et al fiscal policy and growth in the context of European integration, Paul Masson discussions -Henri Bogaert and Jef Vuchelen economic growth and the labour market - Europe's challenge, Charles Wyplosz discussions -Bernard Thiry and Freddy Heylen the role of exchange rate in economic growth - a Euro area perspective, Ronald MacDonald discussions - Gabriele Galati and Michel Dombrecht the contribution of monetary policy - Otmar Issing discussions -Andre Van Poeck and Paul Reding monetary union and economic growth, John Vickers discussions - Giovanni Ravasio and Filip Abraham.


When calibrated models produce biased residuals we assume it is due to an inaccurate conceptual model and revise the model, choosing the most representative model as the one with the best-fit and least biased residuals. However, if the calibration data are biased we may fail to identify an acceptable model, or may choose an incorrect model. Conceptual model revision could not eliminate biased residuals during inversion of simulated DNAPL migration under controlled conditions at the Borden site near Ontario, Canada. This paper delineates hypotheses for the source of bias, and explains the evolution of the calibration and resulting model predictions.


In 1980, the parents of Concord High School in Massachusetts elected to have a role in improving their local high school by honoring teachers. In collaboration with the principal and superintendent, they decided to host a celebration of teaching, When the teachers and others arrived at the high school cafeteria, they were pleasantly surprised. The cafeteria had been transformed into a setting that resembled a top-flight restaurant. Linen tablecloths and silver candelabra changed tables from their institutional metal and formica into a more inviting form. As teachers arrived, they received corsages or boutonnieres labeled with the terms mentor, guru, or teacher. They were then escorted to a piano bar, where they drank wine and sang songs with parents until dinner was served. Dinner was potluck; each parent furnished a dish. After dinner a choir sang, speeches were given, and the finale brought parents to their feet in a standing ovation for the high school's teachers. As the crowd started to leave, John Esty, head of the National Association of Independent Schools and a parent of a Concord High School student, remarked: "They often wonder what private schools have that public schools often lack . . . this is it." John Esty's remark highlights one of the unique characteristics of private schools-their emphasis on symbolic aspects of human organizations. This article will elaborate his insightful observation by (1) summarizing some related research, (2) providing examples of how private schools create meaning by attending to cultural attributes, and (3) suggesting some potential pitfalls in moving away from tradition in response to external pressures.


Development (Project No. (PJ01098801)"of the National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. Received: 30 September, 2016 Revised: 19 October, 2016 Accepted: 21 October, 2016 Corresponding Author: Eun-Ja Kim Tel: +82-63-238-2615 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ISSN 1229-8565 (print) 한국지역사회생활과학회지 Korean J Community Living Sci ISSN 2287-5190 (on-line) 27(S) : 573~591, 2016 27(S) : 573~591, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2016.27.S.573


: Recent literature tried to explain the Indian growth miracle in different ways, ranging from trade liberalization to industrial reforms. Using data on Indian manufacturing firms, this paper analyzes the relationship between firm's productivity and export market participation during 1991-2004. While it provides evidence of the self-selection hypothesis by showing that more productive firms become exporters, the results do not show that entry into export markets enhances productivity. The paper examines the explanation of self selection hypothesis for total factor productivity differences across 33,510 exporting and non-exporting firms. It uses propensity score matching to test the learning-by-exporting hypothesis. In line with the prediction of recent heterogeneous firm models of international trade, the main finding of the paper is: more productive firms become exporters but it is not the case that learning by exporting is a channel fuelling growth in Indian manufacturing. plus productives deviennent des exportateurs, mais ce n'est pas le cas que l'apprentissage par l'exportation est un canal alimentant la croissance dans le secteur manufacturier Indien. JEL codes: C12, F10, F20, F40, L1, L2, and L6


This report describes results from an ADCP current meter rig positioned at site D during the North Sea Projest. Site D was one of six current meter sites used throughout the survey part of the experiment. Standard plots are shown as well as statistical output from the calibrated current meter records.


Abstract We report guided-type second harmonic generation (SHG) in Mg-doped lithium niobate optical waveguides. SHG in Mg-doped lithium niobate guide is as a comparable efficiency to the undoped lithium niobate waveguides [1] where the efficiency is 0.018% W−1. We also report a better resistance to the impact of a high intensity pulsed laser at the in-couple facet.


The present invention relates to (2S, 5R, 6R)) - 6 - [(2R) -2 - [(2R) -2- amino-3-carbamoyl-propionylamino] -2- (4-hydroxyphenyl yl) acetamido] -3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid trihydrate (aspoxicillin) the synthesis process. In this method D-2- amino-3-methoxycarbonyl-propanoic acid hydrochloride and 6-amino-penicillanic acid as starting material, to improve on the basis of the literature, the results can be greatly improved yield obtained high product purity, and thus has a high industrial value.


In this paper we investigate alternative Lévy base correlation models that arise from the Gamma, Inverse Gaussian and CMY distribution classes. We compare these models with the basic (exponential) Lévy base correlation model and the classical Gaussian base correlation model. For all investigated models, the Lévy base correlation curve is significantly flatter than the corresponding Gaussian curve, which indicates better correspondence of the Lévy models with reality. Furthermore, we present the results of pricing bespoke tranchlets and comparing deltas of both standard and custom-made tranches under all the considered models. We focus on deltas with respect to the CDS index and individual CDSs, and the hedge ratio for hedging the equity tranche with the junior mezzanine.


Building harmonious campus of colleges and universities is an important component of harmonious society of socialism , the necessity being also that colleges and universities is all-round , be in harmony , healthy , continuing developing demands, ought to play a lead role in harmonious society construction as inheritance and important culture position being innovative.


It has become imperative to find a solution to the dissatisfaction in response by mobile
service providers when interacting with their customer care centres. Problems faced with
Human to Human Interaction (H2H) between customer care centres and their customers
include delayed response time, inconsistent solutions to questions or enquires and lack of
dedicated access channels for interaction with customer care centres in some cases.
This paper presents a framework and development techniques for a multi-channel
application providing Human to System (H2S) interaction for customer care centre of a
mobile telecommunication provider. The proposed solution is called Interactive Customer
Service Agent (ICSA). Based on single-authoring, it will provide three media of interaction
with the customer care centre of a mobile telecommunication operator: voice, phone and
web browsing. A mathematical search technique called Best-First Search to generate
accurate results in a search environment


Performance simulation has been conducted for a 4-effect lithium bromide-water chiller, capable of substantial performance improvement over state-of-the-art double-effect cycles. The system investigated includes four condensers and four desorbers coupled together, forming an extension of the conventional double-effect cycle; based on prior analytical studies, a parallel flow system was preferred over series flow, and double-condenser coupling was employed, to further improve performance. A modular computer code for simulation of absorption systems (ABSIM) was used to investigate the performances of the cycle. The simulation was carried out to investigate the influence of some major design parameters. A coefficient of performance around 2.0 (cooling) was calculated at the design point, with a heat supply temperature of 600{degrees}F (315{degrees}C) at the solution outlet from the high temperature desorber. With some optimization of the weak (pumped) solution flowrate and of the solution split among the four desorbers, this COP may be raised above 2.2.


The invention relates to a method for producing automobile clutch facing patches, which adopts an organic vegetable fiber and other fibers to weave the organic vegetable fiber and other fibers into twill fabrics as a framework material, simultaneously mixes and stirs bonding materials such as water soluble phenol resin, filling materials and water to be prepared into slurry. The method utilizes a natural wood vegetable fiber to replace an inorganic fiber material, and the natural wood vegetable fiber is reproducible and has no pollution. The water soluble phenol resin is used to replace rubber and is taken as a bonding adhesive for preparing the clutch facing patches. Industrial naptha is not used any more. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: firstly, the method has the characteristic of environmental protection; and secondly, the method is favorable for reducing the production cost of the automobile clutch facing patches, and solving the problem of product performance fluctuation.


Preemptive kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for pediatric end stage renal disease patients to avoid increased morbidity and mortality associated with dialysis. It is unknown how race/ethnicity and poverty influence preemptive transplant access in pediatric. We examined the incidence of living donor or deceased donor preemptive transplantation among all black, white, and Hispanic children (<18 years) in the United States Renal Data System from 2000 to 2009. Adjusted risk ratios for preemptive transplant were calculated using multivariable‐adjusted models and examined across health insurance and neighborhood poverty levels. Among 8,053 patients, 1117 (13.9%) received a preemptive transplant (66.9% from LD, 33.1% from DD). In multivariable analyses, there were significant racial/ethnic disparities in access to LD preemptive transplant where blacks were 66% (RR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.28–0.43) and Hispanics 52% (RR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.35–0.67) less likely to receive a LD preemptive transplant versus whites. Blacks were 22% less likely to receive a DD preemptive transplant versus whites (RR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.57–1.05), although results were not statistically significant. Future efforts to promote equity in preemptive transplant should address the critical issues of improving access to pre‐ESRD nephrology care and overcoming barriers in living donation, including obstacles partially driven by poverty.


Unsteady flow over an aerofoil undergoing flapping
motion has been carried out numerically in order to assess the effect of aerofoil thickness and camber on the aerodynamic performance using an in-house developed implicit Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes solver IMPRANS. The solver is based on a finite volume nodal point spatial discretization scheme for compressible viscous flows with dual time stepping. The algebraic eddy viscosity model due to Baldwin and Lomax is used for the turbulence closure. The results are obtained in the form of aerodynamic coefficients, thrust coefficient and propulsion efficiency.


Alloys containing 3 to 8% Al, 1 to 3% Nb, 4% Ti, 3to 10% Cr, 2 to 6% W, and 1 to 3% Mo on a nickel base were prepared by heating to 1100 or 1200 deg C for 100 or 200 hours, and cooling in air. The alloys were subjected to anodic dissolution in various electrolytes. A typical electrolyte consisted of 35 grams of citric acid, 5 grams of (NH/sub 4/)/sub 2/, So/sb 4/. 15 ml of HNO/sub 3/. (1.4) and 1000 ml of CH/sub 3/OH. The insoluble sludge formed at the anode was subjected to chemical analysis. In all cases the ratio of nickel to aluminum is 3: 1 for the anode sludge. These results show that Ni/sub 3/Al is left undissolved at the anode, and that Ni/sub 3/Al can be isolated from a nickel alloy containing Cr, W, Mo, Al, Nb and Ti. (TTT)


: A heterometallic octanuclear coordination cage [Os 4 Zn 4 (L nap ) 12 ]X 16 (denoted Os • Zn ; X = perchlorate or chloride) has been prepared (L nap is a bis-bidentate bridging ligand containing two pyrazolyl − pyridine chelating units separated by a 1,5-naphthalenediyl spacer group). The {Os(NN) 3 } 2+ units located at four of the eight vertices of the cube have a long-lived, phosphorescent 3 MLCT excited state which is a stronger electron donor than [Ru(bipy) 3 ] 2+ . The chloride form of Os • Zn is water-soluble and binds in its central cavity the hydrophobic electron-accepting organic guests 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1-nitronaphthalene, with binding constants in the range 10 3 − 10 4 M − 1 , resulting in quenching of the phosphorescence arising from the Os(II) units. A crystal structure of an isostructural Co 8 cage containing one molecule of 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene as a guest inside the cavity has been determined. Ultrafast transient absorption measurements show formation of a charge-separated Os(III)/guest • − state arising from cage-to-guest photoinduced electron transfer; this state is formed within 13 − 21 ps, and decays on a time scale of ca. 200 ps. In the presence of a competing guest with a large binding constant (cycloundecanone) which displaces each electron-accepting quencher from the cage cavity, the charge-separated state is no longer observed. Further, a combination of mononuclear {Os(NN) 3 } 2+ model complexes with the same electron-accepting species showed no evidence for formation of charge-separated Os(III)/guest • − states. These two control experiments indicate that the {Os(NN) 3 } 2+ chromophores need to be assembled into the cage structure to bind the electron-accepting guests, and for PET to occur. These results help to pave the way for use of photoactive coordination cages as hosts for photoredox catalysis reactions on bound guests. 6 ) 2+ . [Os(L me ) 3 ](PF 6 ) 2 could be converted to its water-soluble chloride salt by ion-exchange with Dowex 1 × 2 resin, as described above for the Os • Zn cage. Additional fi gures relating to characterization and photophysical analysis of the complexes: DOSY and 1 H NMR spectra; cyclic voltammograms; UV/vis spectra; phosphorescence decay traces for the Os(II) complexes with fi ts to calculated lifetimes and residuals; 1 H NMR spectra in the 0 to − 14 ppm region of the Co 8 cage/guest complexes, showing signals associated with bound guests; decay-associated spectra for Os • Zn cage/ guest complexes from TA data; spectroelectrochemistry of NN; results of TA control experiments; summary of X-ray crystallographic data for the two structures