The research analyses the impact of the inequality of demographic transition on socio-demographic characteristics of the regional population and on the dynamics of these characteristics. The study was conducted with the help of computer-based experiments (simulations), which was run on the original agent-based model. The model is an artificial society, and personal characteristics of its members are set so that they could represent age-demographic structure of a simulate region. The agents are divided into two subgroups, which differ in their reproductive strategy. The first group has traditional strategy with high birth rate. The second group has considerably lower birth rate, observed in the modern developed societies. The model uses stochastic approaches to imitate the principle processes of population growth: mortality and morbidity. Mortality is set according to age-sex specific mortality coefficients, which do not differ across the population as a whole. New agents (child births) appear as a choice of agents – women of reproductive age, and the choice depends on the subgroup. The overall age and social structure of the region is aggregated across individual agents. A number of experiments has been carried out with the model utilization. This allowed forecasting the size and structure of the population of a given region. The results of the experiments have revealed that despite its simplicity, the developed agent-based model well predicts the initial conditions in the region (e.g. age-demographic and social structure). The model shows good fit in terms of estimating the dynamics of major characteristics of the population.


In this paper we deal with the logistic wavelets introduced in \cite{RF}. We modify them by multiplying by appropriate coefficients so that their norm in the space $L^{2}(R)$ is equal to 1. We calculate the normalization coefficients using the Grosset-Veselov formula \cite{GV}, Eulerian numbers and Bernoulli numbers. Then we apply the logistic wavelets to model of the first wave of Covid-19 deaths in Italy in 2020. This example shows that even asymmetric and skewed data can be modeled, with high accuracy, by a sum of logistic functions.


Corporate governance is becoming a global hot and difficult problem. Based on capital structure and insider control theory, from the practice of China, this article has analyzed the efficiency of medium-sized and small shareholder alliance, creditors, controlling shareholders and institutional investors as corporate governance supervisors. From qualitative analysis and empirical research, we can get the conclusion: Non-state-owned shareholder and institutional investors are the most effective supervisors.


Twelve Ba+ clouds were released at invariant latitudes 76° to 78° from three rockets launched from Cape Parry, Northwest Territories, Canada, for the study of polar-cap electric fields and their relationship to polar-cap magnetic-field disturbances. All flights occurred under conditions characterized by Kp≈3. E was typically between 20 and 40 volts/km, directed roughly from dawn toward dusk, and was more uniform in space and time than E fields observed in the auroral belt. The measurements showed a large angular difference between the directions of E and ΔH, the horizontal polar-cap magnetic disturbance. This meant that ΔH could not be caused solely by ionospheric Hall currents in the form of a sheet across the polar cap; also the sign of the difference was opposite to that expected from other elements of the conductivity tensor. Various factors lead to the conclusion that ΔH is caused almost entirely by a source other than overhead ionospheric currents. This conclusion has the consequence that continuity for Hall current auroral electrojets cannot be achieved by way of the polar-cap and midlatitude ionospheres as assumed in the past. A mutual solution for both the ΔH problem and the continuity problem was found in terms of a new model for continutity of the Hall current auroral electrojets. Continuity by way of field-aligned currents is primarily a consequence of (grad N)/N being greater than (grad E)/E. N = electron density at 100–130 km. The large-scale properties of grad N/grad E appear to be compatible with the net distribution of field-aligned currents required to explain both the polar cap ΔH and the simultaneous disturbance observed on the low-latitude side of the auroral belt. The net field-aligned currents are equivalent to two sheet currents flowing 'out of' and 'into' the auroral-belt ionosphere, respectively, in the magnetic local time sectors 20–24h and 8–12h. Cause and effect between field-aligned currents and precipitating particles is implied, in that the distribution of grad N at 100–130 km depends on the distribution of the precipitation.


When the Labour government came to power in 1997, one of its stated aims was to reduce health inequalities in the UK. With this in mind it commissioned Sir Donald Acheson to produce a report on the matter which, unsurprisingly, indicated that health inequalities were strongly related to wealth inequalities, and that social and economic policy was a greater determinant of this than healthcare policy.1

Now over 10 years on, the matter has been revisited, with the Department of Health publishing a progress report.2 It is an excellent document, but sadly short on evidence of tangible improvement in several areas. In a post-publication speech to the Fabian Society,3 the then Health Secretary Alan Johnson tried to make political capital, stating that under the Conservatives mortality rates between men in the highest and lowest socioeconomic groups had widened. This is true; however, what he failed to acknowledge is that his own government has had a dozen years to close the gap, and has not done so. In short, this is because the government's economic policy has been targeted at helping the very rich, while attempting to help the poor through redistribution of wealth, chiefly on a regional basis. In this essay, I shall argue that this strategy is flawed, has failed to address the underlying reasons for poverty, and placed an unsustainable pressure on middle-income earners, not least healthcare workers.

Peter Mandelson famously stated that 'New Labour is intensely relaxed about people getting filthy rich', while Tony Blair, ever the populist, stated that limiting the earning power of Premiership footballers was not in his job description. In the early months of the government, it was perhaps necessary to reassure the money markets that Labour was not anti-business. Indeed, its economic policy has favoured the rich. The huge wages …


By all measures the private pension system in Canada is in difficulty. One estimate suggests that at the end of 2005 there were significant funding shortfalls in about three quarters of the traditional defined benefit pension plans that fall under federal jurisdiction in Canada. In order to discuss how vulnerable the current system is, to identify possible directions of reform, and to consider how to implement them, the conference on "Private Pensions and Income Security in Old Age: An Uncertain Future" brought together researchers, those who design and manage pension plans, and those responsible for pension policy, both from Canada and abroad. It was organized by the SEDAP Research Program and held in Hamilton, Ontario, in November 2006. This paper summarizes the presentations that were given in 10 conference sessions, covering issues such as pension regulations, poverty and income security in old age, policy options, reform obstacles, and international perspectives. Many of the conference presentations, including tables and graphs, are available on SEDAP's website


1 Pratik Patel, 2 SandipPanchal PG Student, Assistant Professor 1,2 Department of EC, SVIT , Vasad , India 1 firstname.lastname@example.com, 2 email@example.com ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract— Scene segmentation is the well-known problem of identifying the different elements of a scene in image processing. Traditionally either color or depth information tracked from single scene view but it turns out to be poorly conditioned operation which remains very challenging. So fusing of color information and depth information is required for better scene distribution. It is very difficult to find depth information that allows recognizing the object which has same color with different depth, for more reliability purpose stereo image is used. This paper investigates stereo vision algorithms best suited to analysis depth information.


87 Tracking common search terms used on the Web can produce accurate, useful statistics about the unemployment rate. We hope to extend this approach to other economic statistics. T his study investigates the potential of using data about Web searches to predict an important macroeconomic statistic, specifically the number of unemployed workers in the U.S. Our underlying assumption is that people reveal useful information about their needs, wants, interests, and concerns via their Internet behavior, and that terms submitted to search engines reflect this information. Research indicates that the percentage of Web site visitors who are referred by search engines increased from 67% in 2001 to 88% in 2004 [4], so this data potentially offers a rich and timely source of information. The study finds that Web-based search data is associated with future unemployment data over the 77-week study period. This very preliminary result suggests search-term data might be useful in predicting other important macroeconomic statistics. A large proportion of job-related information gathering is conducted using the Internet [1, 10, 12]. Of the 54% of the U.S. population that uses the Internet, 16% engages in online job search activities [12]. There is evidence that unemployment duration has decreased among some Internet job seekers [9]. The Internet is credited with overcoming information bottlenecks in key areas of the labor market, affecting how worker-firm matches are made, how labor services are delivered, and how local markets shape demand [1]. Two kinds of Internet resources are available for job seekers—corporate job-posting sites and employment portals that serve as online employment agencies (such as Monster.com and Jobs.com). Access to either kind of employment resource requires job seekers first to locate its Web site, which is commonly done using search engines. We attempt to determine whether the frequency of search terms likely used by people seeking employment could enable analysts to anticipate the content of forthcoming federal monthly unemployment reports. We maintain that individuals and businesses can better manage their economic affairs when important information is available on a continuous rather than periodic basis. This assertion is subject to a few caveats. First, acquiring this continuous information must be cost effective. Second, the benefit to society increases as the continuous information is more widely distributed. Third, the continuous information should not be too noisy if it is to be useful.


A class of Kolmogorov differential system is introduced, we show that under suitable assumptions, one, two or four algebraic limit cycles can occur, these limit cycles are analytically given.


Abstract We studied the effects of production of male catkins on growth and the subsequent year's male catkin production in mountain birch, Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii at both the shoot and branch level. (Shoot is defined here as the product of a single growing season while branch refers to a structure consisting of several shoots.) Like heterophyllous trees in general, mountain birch canopy expansion takes place via the production of long shoots. We found phenotypic trade-offs between long shoot growth and male reproduction at the shoot level in the year of catkin production. Generative parental long shoots (long shoots with male catkins) were significantly shorter than the vegetative ones (long shoots without a male catkin). In contrast, we found no effects of male reproduction on the subsequent year's male catkin production at the shoot level. Although the mean length of secondary long shoots (long shoots growing from the lateral buds of parental long shoots) did not differ between vegetative and generative parental long shoots, there was considerable between-individual variation in the response of individual trees. In addition, production of male catkins diminishes canopy expansion in mountain birch because the number of secondary long shoots produced by generative parental long shoots was smaller than that of vegetative parental long shoots. At the branch level, the association between total long shoot growth and male catkin production was positive, i.e. no trade-off was found. This may be because the strong sink strength (the ability of a branch to import assimilates from elsewhere in the tree) of branches bearing reproductive long shoots masks possible trade-offs. We emphasize the importance of considering several levels of the modular hierarchy when analysing costs of reproduction in modular organisms.


Online shopping is becoming increasingly popular because of speed and ease of use for customers. Online purchase intention rates have doubled since 2011 for 12 of 22 measured categories. Fractions of a second can make the difference between online success and failure. Faster websites and pages are proven to increase every business metric from revenue and cart size, to conversions and even search traffic. In today's most competitive and rapidly changing webbased scenarios, it has become critical to the businesses and organizations to test their web-based applications thoroughly before they plan to launch their website. By performing rigorous testing of their web application, organizations can get an assurance that their applications will work smoothly and will be easily accepted by the end-users.This paper discuss about (i) E-Commerce website benefits(ii) categories of Performance/Load testing tools. A leading jQuery based E-commerce website (www.amazon.in ) have been tested with cloud based performance testing tools Blazemeter and Load Impact and the results were analyzed.


Objective To investigate the effect of rehabilitation training on the functional status of an ankylosing spondylitis(AS)patients.Methods 80 patients with AS were divided into rehabilitation group and control group randomly.The rehabilitation group were treated with drugs and accompanying rehabilitation training,while the control group only treated with drugs.Two groups were measured with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index(BASFI)before and after the treatment.Results BASFI of rehabilitation group was better than control group.Conclusion The rehabilitation training plays an important role in function recovery of AS patients.


This brief comment highlights on certain selected anomalies of the Ethiopian tax legislative process in relation to the concurrent and undesignated tax powers in the Ethiopian Constitution.


BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia based on the results of a population survey up to 2018, it is known that the age of ≥18 years diagnosed by doctors is 34.1%. Increased knowledge in this study by providing educational interventions in hypertensive patients. AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of giving leaflets on the level of knowledge in hypertensive patients.. METHODS: This study is a quasi-experimental study of leaflets for hypertensive patients conducted at 5 Community Health Centers in Surabaya City. The primary outcome observed was the level of knowledge between 2 groups which are the intervention group (given leaflets) and the control group (baseline). In the intervention group measuring the level of knowledge before and after 2 weeks were given the leaflet intervention. The level of knowledge was measured using the Indonesian version of the hypertension knowledge-level scale questionnaire. The leaflet used contains the definition, limits of blood pressure in hypertension, diet and lifestyle advice, and the importance of adherence to medication consumption according to the regimen recommended by doctors to control blood pressure. RESULTS: The majority of knowledge levels in the control group (32.64%) and the intervention group increased the percentage of the high level of knowledge from 13.4% to 62.89% after being given a leaflet. Based on statistical analysis, it is known that there is an effect of giving leaflets to the level of knowledge between the control and postintervention group, and pre-post intervention gave significant changes (p < 0.001). The effect of leaflets on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was known not to provide significant changes in the control and post-intervention groups (p > 0.05), but between the preand post-intervention groups gave significant changes (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The leaflet provides a better change based on 5 indicators performance of hypertension. Edited by: Sasho Stoleski Citation: Ernawati I, Fandinata SS, Permatasari SN. The Effect of Leaflet on Hypertension Knowledge in Hypertensive Patients in Community Health Center in Surabaya City. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2020 Oct 15; 8(E):558-565. https://doi.org/10.3889/ oamjms.2020.5327


The drug cues of multi-sensory have higher reliability and ecological validity, and play a key role in the substance and behavioral addiction. However, the comprehensive discussion on the relationship of addiction and the disorder of emotional audiovisual integration was very limited so far. Reviewing recent studies on multi-sensory integration of substance and behavioral addictions, it had been found that both two addiction groups had disorders of audiovisual integration, especially the negative emotion. Neuroimaging studies found that the abnormal activation on prefrontal cortical during emotional audiovisual integration commonly tended to live in substance and behavioral addictions, suggesting that the disorder of emotional audiovisual integration for addictions might be related to the weakening of cognitive control. Further improvements of the neural mechanism of emotional audiovisual integration disorder of addictions, as well as the more ecologically predictive indicators and clinical diagnosis criteria are needed.

Key words:
Emotional audio-visual integration disorder; Substance addiction; Behavior addiction; Clinical diagnosis; Prediction


Optical fibers with enhanced scattering properties can provide distributed reflection signals beyond the limits set by Rayleigh scattering in standard telecommunications fibers. Enhanced fibers can be used in lengths from one meter in shape sensing applications to more than one kilometer in distributed acoustic sensing.


A study was conducted in 1996 and 1997 to develop a model that would simulate radar backscatter in histosols with different field managements. Measurements were made under various soil moisture content using the Canadian Remote Sensing Centre scatterometer. Seedbed and harrow in 1996, and harrow, moldboard and chisel treatments in 1997, were applied to plots with rows oriented parallel and perpendicular to the view angle of the antennas. The scatterometer operated in two bands (C, L), four polarisations (HH, HV, VH, VV) and four incidence angles (25/spl deg/, 30/spl deg/, 40/spl deg/, 50/spl deg/). This paper presents the methodology, the models and some results from 1996 data analysis. Actual models were not adequate to simulate the backscatter in seedbed plots except at some combinations of incidence angle and polarisation. They were not able to simulate the angular response of the signal when rows were perpendicular to view angle. Calibration and further development is on-going with 1997 data.


The current study examined the association of family accommodation (i.e., assisting the child to avoid experiencing anxiety and/or removing demands secondary to anxiety) and treatment remission and response among 72 youth (ages 7 to 13 years) who participated in a randomized clinical trial of a computer-assisted cognitive-behavioral therapy for pediatric anxiety. Measures of family accommodation, anxiety, treatment improvement, and functional impairment were administered. Results suggest that every one unit increase in the level of impact of accommodation on child functioning at baseline was associated with a 26% decrease in the odds of remission at the end of treatment. None of the accommodation subscales predicted treatment response. Findings support the practitioner assessing family accommodation at baseline and further research on family accommodation and treatment outcomes.


This article describes the journeys—in the form of case studies—that three individuals took as they prepared to become secondary biology teachers. These prospective teachers were in a science teacher education program whose goal was to graduate teachers who held conceptual change conceptions of teaching science and were disposed to put them into practice. The article describes these prospective teachers' conceptions of teaching science and selected portions of their knowledge base in biology, and explores how these conceptions along with their teaching actions developed during the course of the program. There are several conclusions. First, all three individuals came into the program with positivist conceptions of knowledge and of science. In addition, they had some sense of the importance of recognizing science as a process. They had little sense, however, of the role of theory in doing science and in producing scientific knowledge. Next, all three individuals entered the program with a knowledge of biology that was static and fragmented. Although there was little change during the year in the static, fragmented character of their knowledge, all of them ended the year considerably more confident in their biological knowledge. Then, the teaching of all three was largely transmissionist in character, in that for them it was essential to articulate correct scientific knowledge explicitly on the basis of a deep-seated, but uncritically examined, belief that this is what their students would remember. Over the year, however, indications of a more student-centered focus developed in their teaching. Finally, although all three prospective teachers adopted some key components of conceptual change teaching (focusing on students' views and creating a supportive classroom climate), they did not explore the reasons why student views were plausible and fruitful to them, or spend time in activities that would increase the status of accepted scientific views and decrease the status of contradictory views. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed83:347–371, 1999.


Departing from the problems of weak evaluation planning at local government level work unit, we conducted this study with the aim to get an overview of the evaluation work plan on working units, and the formulation of solving the problem and provide solutions. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews and documentation of data, and then analyzed with domain analysis techniques. The results showed evaluation work plan in Bappeda still not effective. Bappeda only to evaluate the results of the work plan at this stage, while at the policy and implementation stages have not been carried out. Some of the main problems found in the evaluation work plan Bappeda are no guidelines for internal evaluation work plan, limited information technology support, the limited number and quality planners, and not the good aspects of the legality of the work plan. Recommendations for addressing concerns in Bappeda evaluation work plan are: strengthening the commitment of the planning; the establishment of guidelines for the evaluation of the work plan, the data developing regional planning system; to improve coordination, communication and development planning; increased monitoring of the quarter; utilization of evaluation results; and improving the quality and welfare of workers planner.


This article presents the authors' reflections on important issues related to how change occurs in complex social environments. These explorations have led the authors to propose a way of thinking, based on games for the formulation of a planning method. Reflecting on this way of thinking has led in turn to explore the 'meta-thinking'.


AbstractVisceral siderosis induced in rabbits by means of repeated transfusions of erythrocytes is directly proportional to the amount of hemoglobin iron introducediit is particularly early and eviden


Crop area extent estimates and crop type maps provide crucial information for agricultural monitoring and management. Remote sensing imagery in general and, more specifically, high temporal and high spatial resolution data as the ones which will be available with upcoming systems, such as Sentinel-2, constitute a major asset for this kind of application. The goal of this paper is to assess to what extent state-of-the-art supervised classification methods can be applied to high resolution multi-temporal optical imagery to produce accurate crop type maps at the global scale. Five concurrent strategies for automatic crop type map production have been selected and benchmarked using SPOT4 (Take5) and Landsat 8 data over 12 test sites spread all over the globe (four in Europe, four in Africa, two in America and two in Asia). This variety of tests sites allows one to draw conclusions applicable to a wide variety of landscapes and crop systems. The results show that a random forest classifier operating on linearly temporally gap-filled images can achieve overall accuracies above 80% for most sites. Only two sites showed low performances: Madagascar due to the presence of fields smaller than the pixel size and Burkina Faso due to a mix of trees and crops in the fields. The approach is based on supervised machine learning techniques, which need in situ data collection for the training step, but the map production is fully automatic.


Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MCCDMA) has been considered as a strong candidate for next generation wireless communication system due to its excellent performance in multi-path fading channel and simple receiver structure. Recent advances in wireless communications have made use of MC-CDMA and OFDM techniques to allow for high data rate transmission. Rapid time variations of the wireless communication channel have a effect on the performance of multicarrier modulation.Many ICI cancellation methods such as windowing and frequency domain coding have been proposed in the literature to cancel ICI and improve the BER performance for multi-carrier transmission technologies. Other frequency-domain coding methods do not reduce the data rate, but produce less reduction in ICI as well. In this thesis, my main objective is to evaluate the Inter channel Interference which include the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) in a MC DS CDMA wireless system. I find out the analytical results of interference. Simulations are given to support the system and receiver design. All the simulation is carried out on MATLAB tool.


The electric resistance method is becoming increasingly widespread for evaluation of the cathodic protection effectiveness of steel underground structures. This sensitive measuring technique allows precise determination of the corrosion rate of metal, assuming the corrosion is uniform, and results in a uniform reduction in cross-section of the ER probe sensing element over its entire length. In the case of non-uniform corrosion, significant errors in corrosion velocity measurements may be expected. This paper presents the results of computer simulations showing how pitting corrosion can affect the results of resistance measurements. The influence of model pits of circular cross-section on resistance measurements was determined, and thus, the linear corrosion losses, accounting for the number of pits, their diameter and depth. XI Doroczna Konferencja naukowo-techniczna PSK Annual Conference of Polish Corrosion Society "WSPÓŁCZESNE TECHNOLOGIE PRZECIWKOROZYJNE" "State-of-the-Art Anticorrosion Technologies" 423 th Event of European Federation of Corrosion 10-12.05.2017 r. Hotel OSSA k/Rawy Mazowieckiej


This study applied the low density lipoprotein system to evaluate the antioxidant activity of 14 yam tubers. All yam tubers tested were ground to fine powder after lyophilized. Antioxidant activity of methanol and n-hexane extract were determined by the inhibition percentage of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) under low density lipoprotein peroxidation (LDL) system. The antioxidant activity of methanol extract is higher than that of n-hexane extract, suggesting the antioxidant chemical structure in the former is more polar than that in the latter. Based on the antioxidant activity of methanol extract, the 14 yam tubers examined can be divided into 4 groups. They are group 1 (TN.1;TK batatas; Taiya),group 2(TN.2;Chinsheen;Can-shape),group 3(MC long red; China long; KL long; ML faisan),and group 4 (San 2;San 3;Erchu,Purple red).According to the antioxidant activity of n-hexane extract, the tested yams can also be classified as 4 groups. They are group 1(China long, KL long, MC long red, TK batatas, Taiya), group 2(San 2), group 3 (ML faisan, Chinsheen, Canshape), and group 4 (TN1,TN2,Erchu San 3,Purple red). The lag phase of LDL peroxidation of methanol extract of 14 yam tubers are different. All the data suggest the first group with higher antioxidant activity includes China long, MC long red, TK batatas, ML faisan, Taiya, and Can-shape; the second group with medium level antioxidant activity are Chinsheen, San 2,TN 1,and KL long; the worst group areTN2,San 3,Erchu,and Purple red.


One expression of cultural rights is the right to enjoy cultural heritage. However,  the latter is not efficiently protected in situations of armed conflict. In many  cases, armed non-State groups (ANSGs) have destroyed or looted cultural heritage items. The United Nations Security Council has intervened with Resolution 2347 (2017), welcomed by many as a milestone in the international protection  of cultural heritage in conflict situations. However, this Resolution presents  several limitations. The protection of cultural heritage from destruction and  exploitation does not appear as the main focus, but rather as a means to fight  terrorist groups. The attacks against cultural heritage are considered "war crimes", but only "under certain circumstances". The Resolution encourages States "that have not yet done so to consider ratifying" treaties on the issue in question;  however, these instruments are treaties drafted and ratified by States. Problems  of compliance by non-State actors, as ANSGs, arise. Hence, the capacity of the Resolution to effectively protect cultural heritage in conflicts involving ANSGs  is debated. This paper analyses the text of Resolution 2347 (2017), resorting to traditional means of interpretation to highlight its limitations, and considers how a general sense of the necessity to protect cultural heritage from attacks committed by ANSGs has emerged, as demonstrated by the International Criminal Court's  Al Mahdi  case. The paper then considers other ways to guarantee the protection of cultural heritage from ANSGs. A proposal for stronger protection  of cultural heritage by States through both international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL) is presented. In particular, the connection between the protection of cultural heritage, the guarantee of cultural rights and other human rights is presented, resorting to instruments of doctrine and analyzing instruments of practice. Finally, the case for the stronger international cooperation for the protection of cultural heritage is made; problems of compliance by ANSGs may persist, but the systematic destruction of cultural heritage items can be considered a violation of cultural rights, thus requiring the cooperation of all international stakeholders.


Luis H. Toledo-Pereyra Michigan State University, Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Borgess Research Institute, Kalamazoo, and Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA For years, Philadelphia surgeon Philip Syng Physick (1768–1837) has been considered the father of American surgery. What did he do to be credited with such a distinguished title? How did he convince others of his merit? Who participated in bestowing such an honor? A look back into the life and accomplishments of this notable surgeon reveals why he should be considered the father of American surgery. In actuality, Physick was not the first professor of surgery at the University of Pennsylvania, his alma mater for his undergraduate degree. William Shippen, Jr., had preceded Physick as the first professor of anatomy, surgery, and midwifery from 1765 to 1805 [1]. In 1805, Shippen left the position vacant, and Physick took over a separate chair of surgery created especially for him [2]. He remained in this chair until 1819, when he resigned because of failing health [2]. Philip Syng Physick, son of Edmund and Abigail Syng Physick, was a native of Philadelphia from a distinguished family [3]. His father was receiver-general of Pennsylvania as well as an agent for the Penn estates [4]. Physick's maternal grandfather, Philip Syng, was a renowned silversmith who designed the inkstand used for the signing of both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States [5]. In 1800, Physick married Elizabeth Emler, and together they had seven children [4]. Ironically, this great man of surgical sciences had several health afflictions, including yellow fever, typhoid fever (or typhus), renal colic, and heart failure [3]. Physick received his undergraduate degree at the University of Pennsylvania in 1785, and for the next 3 years served as an apprentice under Adam Kuhn, a respected local physician. In 1789, Physick began a 4-year-long tutelage under the famed British surgeon, John Hunter. During this time, Physick was appointed house surgeon at St. George's Hospital, and, after 1 year of apprenticeship, he received a diploma from the Royal College of Surgeons of London. He then moved to Edinburgh, Scotland, and again after only 1 year received his medical degree in 1792 [3, 4, 6]. Physick remained with Hunter until 1793, when he returned to Philadelphia. In 1794, Physick joined the surgical staff of the


Export is one of the economic parameters of a country which can increase the country's economy which must be maintained and increased in value. In the last ten years from 2010 to 2019, Indonesia's export performance fluctuated and decreased, resulting in a trade balance deficit in 2012-2014 and 2018-2019. Based on the problem, Indonesia needs to make strategic efforts. One of the efforts that can be done is to develop agricultural exports. One of the products that has the potential to be developed is sago flour. This research analyzed the competitiveness and export potential of Indonesian sago flour. This study used secondary data which is panel data consisting of time series and cross section data. The methods used were the RCA, EPD, and X- Model. The results of the analysis using RCA and EPD concluded that Indonesian sago flour has strong competitiveness in the export market. Then the results of the X-model analysis show that sago flour exports have the potential for optimistic market development in the Philippine, Thailand and Chinese markets and the potential export markets are Japan, Malaysia, Hong kong, and Sri Lanka


Data privacy is one of the most vital concerned issues while processing large datasets in Big Data Applications. The term Big data describes combination of large amount of structured data such as numerals, dates etc; semi-structured data such as XML documents and unstructured data such as video and audio files. Big data processes include data retrieval, storage, and analytics. Due to increase in all areas of technological perspective, Big data is more prone to security threats. Current anonymization techniques can provide solutions to these issues to an extent. But these methods have certain drawbacks. They lack scalability and performance efficiency. In this paper, a framework is introduced that incorporates Java programming language in Hadoop system. It provides multidimensional anonymization for sensitive data. A sample medical data set is used which is stored in MySQL database. The result of the proposed work is compared with existing anonymization techniques and it showed better performance in accuracy and execution speed.


Digital campus construction in China has such problems as low digital utilization ratio, unbalanced resources and insufficient maintenance. If the digital campus lacks of insufficient adaptability and flexibility, it is hard to meet the current campus development needs. The emerging of mobile Internet and Internet of things better solves the problems in the digital campus construction, thus improving the security of digital campus. The fusion application of mobile Internet and internet of things in the digital campus is studied in this paper. With the active promotion and application of "School to School Network" project by Ministry of Education and long-term investment and construction of China's education information, the information construction of many schools is of a large scale; consequently, the hardware, network infrastructure, software and other conditions are in place and better used in the teaching process. The application of mobile internet technology and internet of things technology leads to the emerging of smart campus, which is a new campus information form. It uses mobile internet, internet of things and other new information technology to integrate the originally scattered and independent information system on the campus into an organic whole with high sensitivity and service ability so as to realize the unified management of various resources and flexibly allocate the resources, thus practically reducing the construction and operation cost of digital campus. 1. Fusion application of internet of things in the digital campus (I) Interpretation of internet of things Internet of things technology is a new smart network that carries out information exchange and communication by interconnecting any object and network according to the agreed protocol by radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensor, global positioning system and other information sensing device so as to form interconnection, synchronization and information sharing between things, human and computer, which is one of the new technologies that interconnect multiple sensors and network. Internet of things is an information carrier based on internet that can realize interconnection and intercommunication between all the physical objects capable of independent addressing. Internet of things is a complex and diversified systematic technology. According to the information generation,transmission and application principles, internet of things can be divided into four layers: first, perceived identification layer. Perceived identification, as one of the core technologies of internet of things, is an important bond that connects the physical world and information world, mainly including RFID, wireless sensor and other automated information device as well as all kinds of intelligent electronic products to form artificial information. Second, network construction layer, in which the data of perceived identification layer are connected to the internet for the use of upper layer. Nowadays, the wireless networks can conduct network access service at any time. Multi-type wireless network is applicable to different environment and provides more convenient network connection, which is an important infrastructure to realize the connection of things. Third, management service layer. The large-size data should be organized efficiently to provide an intelligent platform for the use of upper layer. The main characteristics is to promote the intelligence by principles of operational research, data mining technology and expert system. Fourth, comprehensive application layer. Internet of things should stress the object or physical world and cover the object tracking, intelligent logistics, intelligent transportation and other aspects. International Conference on Education Technology, Management and Humanities Science (ETMHS 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 633 (II) Fusion application method of internet of things technology in the digital campus construction Digital campus based on internet of things technology can provide ambient intelligent perception and comprehensive information service platform for students and teachers, use the network information service to enhance the interconnection cooperation in the service fields and provide an interface for exchange and perception between school and outer world. To realize these objectives, it is required to accelerate the leapfrog development of colleges and use cloud computing and virtualization technology to form the campus cloud. The cloud scale is scalable dynamically and the campus cloud can meet the application and user scale development needs. The campus cloud ensures the high liability of data by using the fault tolerance of multiple copies of data and calculating the isomorphic exchange of node. In addition, the campus cloud provides a thin terminal for various information needs. The campus cloud is a sing-type cloud architecture and can be divided into perception and network layer, service layer and application layer to realize the digital campus based on internet of things. The main methods are as follows: First, strive for device virtualization. Internet of things faces a large number of hardware resources, in which the hardware devices are connected to the exiting campus network. The virtualization of application device resources can realize higher-level resource-based digital campus . The whole process of virtualization is to shield the difference of hardware products and also a precondition of promoting the device and network transparency for users. The virtualization technology, as an important technology of perception layer of digital campus, practically breaks the barrier between different physical structures and converts the physical resources into logically manageable main resources. The hardware resources in the digital campus should be comprehensively integrated into the resource pool so as to realize the dynamic resource allocation and input of human resources. Second, implement resource monitoring and load management. The resource monitoring is one of the key tasks to ensure the high efficiency of perception layer. In the environment of resource clustering of the perception layer of digital campus, the load of nodes at any moment is uneven. Once the load is greatly different, the resources will be wasted. The data should be of redundant backup to ensure the high reliability of data so as to minimize the probability of data damage and loss. Third, conduct system deployment, mainly including dynamic deployment and rapid deployment, in which the typical scene of the former one is to enhance the dynamic scalability of perception and network layer, that is, conduct adjustment and configuration in the shortest time according to the change of specific user needs and service state. Another typical scene of dynamic deployment is to recover the system fault and maintain the hardware device. The perception and network layer must migrate the data in running and processing from one node to another node under the scheduling of upper layer. At the same time, to continuously improve the deployment speed of virtual machine, parallel deployment or collaborative deployment and other technologies can be used for rapid deployment. Fourth, implement resource scheduling and multi-tenancy technology. The resource scheduling refers to the whole process of resource adjustment between different resource users according to certain resource use rules under specific resource environment. The software in the digital campus can be released by SaaS for the use of teachers and students needed. The multi-tenancy technology can make the software and hardware resources better shared and have excellent scalability so as to let every user use the resource as needed. Fifth, conduct mass data processing and large-scale distributed storage. The mass data processing in the large scientific computation and scientific research practice before needs a mainframe for reasonable data processing, with a high cost. In the process of campus cloud construction, it is based on computing technology and virtualization technology, without independent additional hardware investment, and the scalable computing environment can be realized by dynamic resource scheduling so as to realize mass data processing easily.


If Orientalism is the critique of modernity, it can be rather considered in a postmodern discourse. New phenomena of global politics, changing moods of mind and cultural discourses again make Orientalism a topical subject. The East has always meant contrast for the West. Yet has it always meant the same? One should particularly note herein a philosophic approach to the problem is necessary instead of the usual and conventional political one, which mostly expresses a unilateral traditional characteristic of Orientalism and interprets it accordingly. There is an opinion Orientalism makes up a paradigm to study non-European histories and cultures using approaches coming after structuralism and postmodernism. As modernized, the East meets/clashes the West while there is no such an opposition in postmodernism, but is co-existence, which echoes the opposition characteristics of Orientalism, unlike the traditional one. At the same time, when analyzing orientalists' works, we often see not a unilateral, but a synthesized approach e.g in those by Turkish one, Hamdi. In any case, many panels by orientalist artists represent combinations which follow a well-known postmodernist motto, both that and the other, unlike the modern world's modernist logic, either that or this.


Hybrid FEM/MoM methods combine the finite element method (FEM) and the method of moments (MoM) to model inhomogeneous unbounded problems. These two methods are coupled by enforcing field continuity on the boundary that separates the FEM and MoM regions. Hierarchical higher-order tangential vector finite elements (TVFE's) are of practical interest because they can be easily combined with low-order elements to improve the accuracy of numerical solutions. This paper presents a hybrid FEM/MoM formulation applying a set of hierarchical TVFE's developed by Webb and Forghani. Higher-order FEM elements are coupled to MoM elements based on Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) functions. The FEM matrix assembly procedure is described in sufficient detail to aid other investigators who wish to develop codes employing this technique. Three practical electromagnetic problems are presented that demonstrate the advantages of the higher-order elements.


Objective: To screen out effective human telomerase reverse transcriptase ( hTERT) short interference RNA ( siRNA) targeted to breast cancer,and provide a experimental basis for knocking out hTERT gene by RNA interference ( RNAi) . Methods: 3 segments of siRNA targeted to hTERT were synthesized by chemical synthesis method,then human breast cancer MCF 7 cells were transfected by liposome transfection reagent,the expression level of hTERT mRNA was detected by real time fluorescence quantitative RT PCR in order to determine the effect of interference. Results: 2 segments of siRNA reduced the expression level of hTERT mRNA effectively among 3 segments of siRNA. Conclusion: Synthesizing siRNA by chemical synthesis method and detecting interference effect of target gene may inhibit the expression of siRNA fast and effectively.


Background Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HDT) in the elderly patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplasia (MDS) continues to pose a challenge due to treatment failure and treatment related toxicity. TBI/Cy, allows for engraftment and tolerance while maximizing anti-tumor activity, but can be a difficult regimen in elderly patients due to its associated toxicity profile. The introduction of reduced intensity conditioning regimens (RIC) and improved supportive care has led to decreased mortality following HDT in the elderly. However, for patients at high risk for relapse, RIC may not achieve prolonged disease control. For these patients, an ablative HDT with reduced toxicity (RT-SCT) may be beneficial by controlling disease with acceptable toxicity while allowing a GVL effect. We evaluated a novel conditioning regimen in an open label phase II study consisting of Bu/Pent aimed at improving toxicity, relapse rate, and overall survival (OS) in elderly patients with AML or MDS, and compared them with an elderly group who received TBI/Cy.

Methods We treated 54 patients with AML/MDS over the age of 55, who were recipients of HDT from fully matched related donor (MRD), umbilical cord donor, or matched unrelated donor (MUD). We defined elderly as greater than 55 years of age. The median age in the Bu/Pent group was 64, 61% had adverse prognostic features including cytogenetics, relapsed, treatment related or transformed disease, or high IPSS score, 39% were in the intermediate group. There were 60% MRD and 40% unrelated HDT. In the TBI group median age was 59, 48% had adverse features and 52% intermediate, 48% MRD and 52% unrelated HDT.

The Bu/Pent group (n=23) was conditioned with intravenous busulfan 1.6mg/kg every 12 hours day -7 to -4 and pentostatin 4mg/m2 on day -3 and day-2 prior to SCT on day 0. GVHD prophylaxis was methotrexate 10mg/m2 on day 1 and 5mg/m2 on days 3 and 6. Tacrolimus was started on day -2 and tapered over 1 month after day +100. Relapse, survival and toxicity data was compared with a historical control group at our institution who received 12 Gy TBI/Cy (60 mg/kg x 2) (n=31). Controls were selected by retrospective chart review of patients with a diagnosis of MDS or AML who had received an allogeneic transplant with a TBI/Cy based conditioning regimen after the age of 55.

There was no graft failure reported in either group. The OS at 100 days and 1-year post HDT was significantly better for the Bu/Pent group vs. TBI group (82.6% vs. 51.6% and 43.5% vs. 25.8% respectively; p value= 0.029). Progression free survival (PFS) was also significantly better in the elderly population receiving Bu/Pent; 43.5% at 1 year versus 22.6% in the TBI group with a p value of .021. The rate of relapse was comparable regardless of conditioning regimen with 34% in the Bu/Pent group (8/23) and 29% in the TBI/Cy group (9/31) relapsing.

Transplant related mortality (TRM) accounted for 13% (3/23) of the deaths in the Bu/Pent group, and 38% (12/31) in the TBI/Cy group. Of the three deaths in the Bu/Pent group, 2 were due to GVHD and 1 was secondary to sepsis within 100 days. Other significant nonfatal toxicities such as mucositis and nausea/vomiting were medically managed and rates of GVHD were similar in the two groups; 10/23 (43%) in the Bu/Pent group and 14/31 (45%) in the TBI group. Of the 10 GVHD patients in the Bu/Pent group, 7 had chronic (cGVHD) (30%). None of the patients in the Bu/Pent group and 3/31 in the TBI group developed VOD.

Upon sub-group analysis, elderly CIBMTR high-risk AML/MDS patients who received Bu/Pent had an 86% 100 day survival versus 60% in the TBI/Cy group; 1 year survival was 43% and 33% respectively. In the elderly CIBMTR intermediate risk group, Bu/Pent 100 day survival was 78% vs. 44% in the TBI group. At 1 year, patients in the intermediate group who received Bu/Pent had 45% survival vs. 19% in the TBI group.

Conclusion We found that OS and PFS at 100 days and 1 year were significantly better in the Bu/Pent group due to a much lower TRM. The Bu/Pent based regimen appears to be superior for patients over the age of 55 with MDS or AML undergoing HDT when compared with TBI based regimens. With a low toxicity profile, Bu/Pent patients had a lower incidence of TRM when compared with a prospective study of patients receiving RIC-SCT busulfan/fludarabine (20%) and a lower incidence of cGVHD(53%) (Valcarcel et al). This regimen warrants further prospective evaluation.

![Figure][1]

p value= 0.029

![Figure][1]

p value= 0.021

Disclosures: Smith: Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Research Funding; Spectrum: Consultancy; Cephalon: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; GlaxoSmith Kline: Speakers Bureau. Rodriguez: otsuka: Honoraria, Research Funding.

 [1]: pending:yes


Pedestrian safety is a primary traffic issue in the urban environment. According to national traffic safety data, more than 4,000 fatalities were caused by pedestrian-vehicle collisions annually among the 40,000-plus total fatalities in all categories of collisions. Pedestrian crashes account for about 80,000 collisions per year, according to the General Estimate System (GES) data from 1995 to 1998. Over this time, there were, on average, 6000 pedestrian fatalities per year, accounting for about 15% of all roadway fatalities. Pedestrian deaths are primarily an urban problem. Many pedestrians are killed at crosswalks, sidewalks, median strips, and traffic islands. Seventy percent of pedestrian deaths in 2002 occurred in urban areas. According to GES data, 55% of all pedestrian crashes occur at non-junctions, while 40% occur at intersections or intersection-related locations. Similarly, in California statewide statistics, more than 3,500 fatalities resulted from 75,000+ pedestrian collisions in the last five years. A regional study has revealed a significant exposure to pedestrian accidents by transit agencies. The detection and tracking of pedestrians is not trivial. First, in an urban environment the patterns of vehicle and pedestrian movements can be very complicated. On city streets, there are numerous locations where pedestrians may choose to suddenly cross in front of a vehicle. The reliability of the detection function is further complicated by the crowded background and the issue of varying visibility, weather and roadway conditions. Thus, the solution for a reliable and accurate means of identifying pedestrians requires sophisticated design and extensive experimental evaluation. Given the challenging operating environment of transit buses, a complete and reliable sensing system for pedestrian detection can benefit from the combined use of multiple sensors. For example, the requirements of pedestrian detection are different for situations when buses are stopped at bus stops or near intersections versus when the buses are moving at relatively higher speeds in cruising conditions. Furthermore, any one particular technology may have difficulty meeting all necessary requirements under various lighting conditions, or rainy and foggy weather conditions, not to mention that most sensors have too limited a field of view to monitor traffic in all directions. In addition, the cluttered background and complex moving patterns of all objects on urban streets demand sophisticated processing of sensor inputs to avoid false detection and recognition. The work presented in this project represents a two-year effort taken by the research team to address pedestrian safety. With a survey of the latest …


Reaction times (RTs) to crossmodal audiovisual stimuli are typically faster than reaction times to their unimodal components. This enhancement cannot be completely explained by simple statistical facilitation and is often referred to as the 'redundant signals effect'. It is unknown, however, which aspects of visual processing contribute toward this effect. Here, we considered the separate visual contribution of magnocellular and parvocellular activity; two anatomically and functionally distinct pathways at early processing levels. To attenuate the contribution of magnocellular activity, we presented visual stimuli on a diffuse red background-a condition known to selectively suppress [1] and slow responses to stimuli processed by the magnocellular pathway [2,3]. An isoluminant diffused green background was used for a baseline condition. Stimuli were 40% luminance increment spots with auditory tones, varying in onset relative to visual onset, between -100 (sound first) and 100 (spot first) ms in steps of 20 ms. The results show that when a red background was used, RTs were consistently slower across the range of onset asynchronies. More importantly, we found significantly smaller redundant signals effects for the red background condition. This pattern of results suggests the very fast crossmodal RTs associated with the redundant signals effect are mediated primarily by auditory interaction with magnocellular processes and links crossmodal RT advantage with visual mechanisms that mainly contribute to spatial orientation and action. 1. de Monasterio, F.M. (1978). Properties of concentrically organized X and Y ganglion cells of macaque retina. Journal of Neurophysiology, 41, 1394-1417. 2. West G.L., Bedwell J., Anderson A.K., Pratt J. (2010) Red diffuse light suppresses the accelerated perception of fear. Psychological Science, 21, 992-999. 3. Breitmeyer, B.G., & Breier, J.I. (1994). Effects of background color on reaction time to stimuli varying in size and contrast: Inferences about human M channels. Vision Research, 34, 1039-1045. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015.


ABSTRACT Chemical fixation of CO2 with epoxides catalyzed by organic-base salts were found to be efficient among the various catalysts tested due to synergetic effects of HBDs and halide-ions for ring-opening. In this study, 1,4,6-Triaza–bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-4-enium bromide catalyzed conversion of CO2 and epoxide into cyclic-carbonate has been studied by using DFT method to understand the reaction mechanism and the catalytic performance of TBO.HBr. Two hypothetical reaction mechanisms were proposed for the coupling reaction. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were computed for each steps to determine the more favorable route. Mechanism II is more favorable path whereby Br- ion first interacts with epoxide to form bromo-alcohol, which directed to form carbonate-ion and finally ring-closure step yielded cyclic-carbonate with catalyst-regeneration. Cyclization step is rate-determining step with reaction barrier of 22.696 kcal/mol in gas phase. Ensuing the favorable mechanism, solvent-effects on the reaction barrier has been investigated using water and THF. Mechanism II is still more favorable reaction path in both THF and water. However, the rate-determining step is found to be ring-opening of the epoxide with reaction barrier of 22.658 kcal/mol (wate) and 21.969 kcal/mol (THF). In this study, TBO.HBr exhibited good catalytic activity for the title reaction investigated in both gas phase and solvents. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


In order to study the origin of the salinity and the salinization mechanisms that operate in the Pliocene Aloha Aquifer, hydrochemical and isotopic environmental techniques have been used, due to their known effectiveness and usefulness in the identification of water-rock interaction processes, location of recharge zones and its origin. Analyzing major ions, trace elements, ionic ratios and isotopic ratios of the elements of the water molecule, stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) and δ18O and δ34S of sulphate. Previous hydrochemical studies of the Pliocene Aloha Aquifer indicate high concentrations of Cl- and Na+ as well as HCO3, SO4 and Ca that should be indicated the interaction with waters of highersalinity, but also with rocks (longer residence time in the aquifer). Therefore, as a starting hypothesis, two possible origins of the high salinity are considered: mixture with seawater or connate waters stored in Pliocene formations. Finally, the study confirmed that the salinity of the Aloha Aquifer is of a localcharacteristic and not due to seawater intrusion.


There are many ways that people can and do take action to improve society. They may serve as volunteers, join neighborhood groups aimed at meeting community needs, provide tutoring or mentoring services in their local schools, vote or run for office themselves, or participate in social or political movements devoted to causes such as protecting the environment, helping the disadvantaged, combating prejudice and discrimination, and promoting peace and understanding. It has been argued that these and other forms of social activism, in which individuals take action in order to serve the common good, play an essential role in combating the problems that face the world (Snyder & Omoto, 2007). Because many of these problems, such as violence, discrimination, and the destruction of the environment, are largely caused by the actions of humans, they may also be problems that require the actions of humans to be ameliorated.

Keywords:

collective identity;
collective motive;
normative motive;
reward motive;
empathy;
identity;
motivation;
psychological sense of community;
social activism


The invention aims to provide an asphalt modifier and a preparation method thereof, which overcome the disadvantages of nonuniform modification, serious pollution and hidden danger caused by adding rubber powder into asphalt and solve the technical problem of the modification and prefabrication of the rubber powder. The invention provides the asphalt modifier. The asphalt modifier is characterized by comprising the following components of: tire rubber powder, polyethylene, silicon dioxide and rubber oil, wherein the components are stirred, heated, extruded, cooled and cut to obtain plasticized rubber sticky particles, namely the asphalt modifier. The plasticized rubber sticky particle product of the invention greatly reduce high-temperature processing and pollution of rubber asphalt; the produced rubber asphalt sticky particles are a directly thrown type novel internal modification material and can be directly thrown into the asphalt and stones for mixing; and the asphalt modifier is odorless, can reduce secondary pollution, and has better meltability than that of rubber powder modified asphalt. The rubber asphalt particles are black sticky particles and are easy to package and transport.


Attitudes toward pets in the general population were explored. Although the 26 owners' perceptions and feelings about pets were similar to other reports, attachment scores were significantly lower than those of people who had adopted pets from a shelter.


AIM:To observate the incidence of inter-appointment pain in non-filling medication to sterilize the root canal. METHODS: Patients who required RCT due to acute or chronic periapical periodontitis or pulp necrosis were randomly selected as test subjects. 376 teeth from 362 patients were randomly devided into the experimental group(180 patients,186 teeth) and the control group(182 patients,190 teeth).RCT was completed after two visits. Non-filling medication was used as a disinfection in the experimental group while FC in the control group. Incidence of inter-appointment pain was compared in two groups. RESULTS: There were 21 teeth(11.29%)with inter-appointment pain in the experimental group,while 41(21.58%) teeth in the control group.The difference was significant after statistical analysis (P0.01). CONCLUSION: Non-filling medication used as disinfection of root canal can reduce the incidence of inter-appointment pain efficiently.


Key words: competitiveness of the objects, the ratio of price and quality, indices of competitiveness, competitiveness of the services of repair and service business, indicators of competitiveness. The article considers the theoretical basis for evaluating the competitiveness of the services. The elements of competitiveness are examined. A system of indicators of assessment of level of competitiveness of products is standed out, it includes: individual, group, integral indicators. An algorithm for calculating the level of competitiveness of the services of technical service, working in agribusiness, is offered, it includes the following stages: selection of products or services, accompanied by analysis of the market and the study of the demands of the consumers; the collection of data about competitors; the formulation of requirements to the quality of repair; the analysis of the prices of consumption; determination of the list of parameters and calculation of economic, technological and normative parameters of products; calculation of integral index of competitiveness; development of measures to improve the competitiveness of services of the enterprises of technical service operating in the agribusiness. To test this approach, the competitiveness of the services of repair and maintenance enterprise JSC «Kazan agricultural equipment» was assessed. The operating time (resource) was used as the main technical parameter. Coefficient of significance of the parameters is calculated on the basis of conducted surveys of consumers of repair and technical services in the Republic of Tatarstan. The results of calculations of the competitiveness of the technology, renovated in conditions of maintenance of the enterprise, show that the repaired machines is very close and almost equal to the competitiveness of the new K = 0.9, and equipment, repaired in the repair enterprises, greatly exceeds the equipment repaired in the farms of their own, as K = 0.6, which depends on the quality of repair and technical services and repair costs. Thus, the problem of evaluation of the competitiveness of the services of the enterprises of technical service is actual for Russian enterprises at the present stage, which is defined by following: decrease in the competitiveness of the services is a risk factor for the enterprise; the way out of the difficult financial situation is possible only as a result of the creation of competitive production; in the business plans of investment projects and plans of financial improvement of the enterprises the questions of an estimation of competitiveness of the services and the enterprise as a whole are underestimated; the pricing policy of the enterprise shall based on the assessment of the competitiveness of the services provided. The developed scheme of estimation of competitiveness of services of the enterprises of technical service allows to set targets and guide the work of the enterprise in the right direction.


The active region of a semiconductor laser pumped transversely by an electron beam was brought into direct contact with a multimode waveguide which had a 50-μ diameter core. The powers coupled into the waveguide from homogeneous, waveguide, and three-layer epitaxial GaAs–GaAlAs laser structures were 34, 430, and 35 mW, respectively, and the corresponding coupling-in efficiencies were 0.1, 0.3, and 0.06. Reduction in the width of the angular distribution and increase in the laser power in a system with an external mirror increased the spectral and total brightness of the laser radiation.


In this work we argue on the benefits of including decision making modules in multi-agent systems architectures. We describe one of such modules used to fuse quantitative information. The description includes the syntaxis of the module, together with their options. Several aggregation operators can be used, each of them with a particular set of parmeters (that take different forms according to the particular options selected in the module). Some of the aggregation operators have been adapted to fuse information from an arbitrary number of parameters.


A semilinear system of second order ODEs under Neumann conditions is studied. The system has the particularity that its nonlinear term depends on the (unknown) Dirichlet values y(0) and y(1) of the solution. Asymptotic and non-asymptotic sufficient conditions of Landesman-Lazer type for existence of solutions are given. We generalize our previous results for a scalar equation, and a well known result by Nirenberg for a standard nonlinearity independent of y(0) and y(1).


The article is aimed at identifying the basic approaches for assessing the economic efficiency of public projects and their application whilst assessing the efficiency of preventive anti-flooding measures. One of the imortant things when deciding about applying these measures is information on what value of real estate assets these measures protect and what level of potential damages they are able to prevent. Within the research assignment, therefore, the issue of property indicators in the area is dealt with, based on which are the value of real estate assets in the area can be determined, and subseqently the amount of damage can be specified for when the area is hit by potential natural disasters (flood) by using damage curves processed for individual representatives of real estate property. This problem is solved in the "Procedures for supporting decision-making in the field of securing the stability of the area in terms of possible flooding" grant project No. 103/05/0016 with support of the Czech Science Foundation. More information about this methodology is on www.fce.vutbr.cz/ekr, the final report of this project will carried in February 2008 also on http://pala.gacr.cas.cz/.


The relevance and significance of the study of the history and prospects of electronic parliamentarism as a factor of sustainable development is conditioned upon the anthropocentric vision of the idea of digitalization of the parliament. For the purpose, the authors chose to consider the system of digital tools that make up the e-parliament in the context of its role in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals "Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions". The main methods of scientific cognition, which were used when drafting the study, were the methods of content analysis, analogy, and comparison. The levels of the multi-level system of information and data security as a key element of the security of digitalization of the parliament were defined, challenges related to the legal, economic, social, and technological aspects of the process were outlined. Based on the analysis of legal acts and directly on the websites of the parliaments of countries with different democracy indices (Great Britain, Iceland, Sweden, Poland, the Czech Republic, the Baltic countries), global trends in the specified area were formulated. The author emphasized the inherent nature of certain features and the uncertainty of the consequences of digitalization of the parliament in states with various levels of democratic development and different economic indicators. It was established that the transition of parliamentarians in communication with voters from conventional communication in an offline format to an online format contributes to the implementation of openness, inclusiveness, cooperation, and participation in the political sphere. The results of the study were designed to update the issue of the need to introduce new electronic parliamentary tools for the implementation of digital democracy mechanisms in society

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Most theoretical models of the AM Her variables (AM Her, AN UMa, W Pup and 2A0311-22) rely on strong cyclotron emission at the fundamental cyclotron frequency and higher harmonics to produce the observed, strongly-polarized optical continuum (e.g. Lamb and Masters 1979). The cyclotron lines, which presumably originate in the hot, isothermal accretion shock at the surface of the white dwarf (kT £, 10 keV, h/R. £ 0.1), should be blurred into a continuous spectrum by both optical depth effects and electron Doppler broadening. Thus the lack of even weak cyclotron features in the optical spectra of these objects is still compatible with a cyclotron origin.


The value of streptokinase in treating 14 patients with bladder clot retention was studied. The fibrinolytic action of this proteolytic enzyme was successful in dissolving the clots in 13 of the 14 patients.


The utility model discloses a machine end device for a grain bulking machine. The machine end device for the grain bulking machine comprises a bulking cone head, a locking sleeve, a locking sleeve, a buffering sleeve and a connecting sleeve, wherein one locking sleeve comprises a hollow locking pipe barrel and an adjustable locking nut; the other locking sleeve comprises a circular truncated cone-shaped locking main body and a cylindrical locking connecting head; the buffering sleeve comprises a circular truncated cone-shaped buffering main body, and the side wall of the buffering main body is provided with an annular clamping groove. The machine end device for the grain bulking machine provided by the utility model utilizes the buffering sleeve which is made of silica gel, the suffered vibration of the machine end device is greatly reduced, and the labor intensity of workers is alleviated; the machine end device for the grain bulking machine has the advantages that the structure is compact, the improvement cost is low, and the practicability is strong.


Credit system is a kind of teaching administration system,the implementation of which will promote the reform in teaching administration and improve education in colleges and universities.As a newly-established four- year college,Changshu Institute of Technology has made great progress in implementing the credit system and at the same time also encountered many difficulties.These include lack of course resources and inadequate incentive function of the credit system,which demand changes in educational ideas,exploration into course resources as well as improving the credit system through charging credit fees.


The invention relates to a process for removal of radioactive contamination from wastewater obtained in the decontamination of the cooling circuit of nuclear reactors or of parts thereof or in the course of operation of a nuclear reactor, in which exclusively an MnO2 precipitate is produced in the wastewater with the aid of permanganate ions added thereto as an oxidizing agent and of one or more organic reducing agents present in and/or metered into the wastewater, and this MnO2 precipitate is separated from the wastewater.


This paper analyzes how distributed inverters can further increase the fault tolerance of switched reluctance traction drives. The drive under investigation is an outer-rotor direct-drive switched reluctance machines (SRM) for railway traction. The phases of SRMs are magnetically and to a certain extend electrically decoupled. Hence, in case of a fault inside a phase, the remaining phases can continue operation with reduced power. With the distributed inverter concept at hand, each coil of a phase is excited by its own modular inverter. This increases the redundancy, simplifies integration of machine and inverter, and enables a new degree of freedom regarding the control of the machine. Especially for electric drives used in railway traction or electric vehicles, redundancy avoids all the inconveniences of a standstill in case of a fault, enabling a so-called limp home capability. This paper shows, how open- and short-circuit faults of single coils or modules of the proposed drive influence average torque, torque ripple, and noise and vibration. Therewith, it will be shown that with the SRM and the distributed inverter it is possible to continue operation in case of the analyzed faults.


"A crash. A jolt, a strong harsh jolt - then numbing oblivion and the pain from nowhere - pain." Based on a personal experience this animated film examines the mental and physical effects of long term pain.


Proposal for removing impurities from silicon ribbon and sheet could be developed into an automated production-line process. New technique which combines ion-cluster bombardment, electron-gun heating, and plasma etching, could be key step in fabricating inexpensive solar-cell arrays. Silicon sheets and ribbons treated this way could have enhanced carrier lifetimes necessary for satisfactory solar-cell performance.


The viscosity‐volume data of Kleinschmidt and Dow have been examined at various pressures and temperatures for lard, sperm and Pennsylvania medium oil. The viscosity‐volume isotherms at 25°, 40° and 75°C are not identical for any of the oils studied, indicating that viscosity cannot be a function of the specific volume alone. The viscosity‐volume curve for lard oil at 25° departs from the one at 75° by an amount sufficient to change the viscosity by a factor of 2.3 at a volume of 0.99, and by a factor of 3.2 at a volume of 0.93. Similar curves for Pennsylvania medium oil at the same temperatures are even more relatively displaced; the discrepancy in viscosity varies from a factor of 3.8 at a volume of 0.99 to 7.6 at 0.94. The three oils do not obey Batschinski's equation at atmospheric and higher pressures up to 4000 kg/cm2.


The invention discloses a metal antirust paint treating modified attapulgite as a filler, and its preparation method. The metal antirust paint comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 22-27 parts of a water-soluble phenolic resin, 15-20 parts of a polyurethane-polyacrylate composite emulsion, 18-22 parts of the modified attapulgite, 7-9 parts of a silicone-acrylic emulsion, 1.0-1.5 parts of triethanolamine, 18-22 parts of polycaprolactone, 0.7-0.9 parts of Span-60, 0.1-0.3 parts of polybutylene terephthalate, 0.7-0.9 parts of poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, 0.4-0.6 parts of 2,6-di-t-butyl-alpha-dimethylamino-p-phenol, 1.5-2.5 parts of a modified acrylic emulsion, 0.5-0.8 parts of chitosan, 0.2-0.4 parts of ethylene bis-stearamide, 0.8-1.2 parts of tris(methoxyethoxy)vinylsilane and 1.3-1.8 parts of a polyvinyl acetate emulsion. The film of the metal antirust paint has the advantages of good adhesion, fast drying, good heat resistance, environmental protection and no pollution, and the modified attapulgite and the modified acrylic emulsion added to the raw materials improve the excellent performances of high-polymer materials in the raw materials and simultaneously increase the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance of the metal antirust paint; and the preparation method has the advantages of simplicity, low cost and suitableness for large-scale production.


This study examined how creating a human presence in organizational online communication affects organization-public relationships and publics' favorable behavioral intentions to engage in word-of-mouth (WOM) and dialogic communications. Four hypotheses were tested in the context of Twitter through a 2×2 (presence: human vs. organizational×organization type: nonprofit vs. for-profit) within-subjects design. The results revealed that conversational human voice was perceived to be higher for Twitter pages of organizations with a human presence than for those with an organizational presence. Providing a human presence on social media through the use of social media managers' avatars and names appeared to promote favorable organization-public relationships and positive WOM communication. However, dialogic communication intentions did not significantly differ between organizations incorporating a human presence versus an organizational presence into their Twitter pages. The proposed dynamic role of human presence versus organizational presence adds a new perspective as to how organizations can take better advantage of interpersonal aspects of social media.


handling of very small samples collected f rom GLC for analyses, absolute percentages would hard ly be expected. Yet, if the 20:4 and 20:3 components had the usual one-methylene-interrupted double bond systems which would conjugate normally, it seems reasonable tha t the ul t raviolet spectrophotometric analysis would have approximated a 1:1 ratio of the two and would have accounted for a higher percentage of the material , more in agreement with the iodine value which indicated 85% as 20:4 and 20:3. Hence the only reasonable in terpre ta t ion is tha t isomers were present which had one or more isolated double bonds. This seemed to app ly more to the 20:3 than to the 20:4, as judged by low triene compared to tetraene af ter alkali isomerization. The apparen t diene (17%) found af ter isomerization was probably produced fronI 20:3 isomers which had one double bond isolated f rom the other two by more than one methylene. In all, evidence was obtained for the presence of at least 60 different acids, including the following: normal sa tura ted evenand odd-carbon f rom 4:0 to 26:0; branched chain sa turated 13:0br, 14:0br, 15:0brA, 15:0brB, 16:0br, 17:0brA, 17:0brB, 18:0br, 20:0br ; even-carbon monoethenoid f rom 10:1 to 24:1 ; oddcarbon monoethenoid f rom 15:1 to 23:1; diethenoid 18:2, 20:2, and 22:2; conjugated cis-trans 18:2 and trans-trans 18:2; t r iethenoid 18:3, 20:3, and 22:3; conjugated 18:3; te traethenoid 20:4 and 22:4; and pentaethenoid 20:5 and 22:5 acids.


step towards the dissociation of two fields that have long been held as going handin-hand—popular music studies and youth studies. But perhaps the most intriguing gap this book fills is in the way the research was carried out: guided first and foremost by his personal curiosity, Bennett claims the "book has been some ten years in the making" (ix). Music, Style, and Aging opens several doors to further research. For example, what does the younger generation think of older rockers and punks? Are there differences in attitude specific to gender or place of residence? What is the relationship between music, style, and identity when along with age comes a desire to dissociate oneself from terms such as hippie or punk? With interviews conducted only in the UK, Australia, and France, the study could have been more comparative, but we do get hints of what may lie ahead if such further research is undertaken.


Seminal volume, sperm count and sperm density were studied in ejaculates collected from rabbits immediately after intravenous injections of oxytocin. The hormone was shown to increase the volume of the first ejaculate obtained and incite a more rapid emission of sperm cells in the ejaculates immediately following. Some observations may indicate that the oxytocic effect varies with the androgenic status of the animal. Results have been presented suggesting a release of gonadotropins caused by oxytocin.


Abstract Recent archeological survey and excavations conducted in Tel Mar Elyas (Bethany Beyond the Jordan) confidently provide explicit answers about early ecology and history of Christian community east of Jordan. Churches, caves, prayer halls and water system installations were recovered in and around Tel Mar Elyas. The discovered remains of elaborate water system include pools, cisterns, wells and aqueducts refer to skilled engineering water system built during the Byzantine period. The author of this paper with his team systematically surveyed and excavated some 20 sites along both banks of the perennial Wadi Kharrar, covering an area of several square kilometers east of the Jordan River. This work has confirmed the location of the main settlement of Bethany at the head of the Wadi Kharrar, about 1.5 kilometers east of the river. Here, the team uncovered a 1st century AD settlement with plastered pools and water systems that were almost certainly used for baptism, and a late Byzantine settlement (5th-6th century AD) with churches, a monastery and other structures that probably catered to religious pilgrims. The present study includes also the results of field survey which has documented the ancient pilgrimage route that linked Jerusalem, via the Jordan River and Bethany in Jordan, to Mt. Nebo. Several Byzantine churches and other structures have been identified between the river and Bethany and are under publication. Some of them commemorate Jesus' baptism while other structures were monasteries for ascetic monks. The paper concluded with conclusion and recommendations aiming to preserve the remaining fragile water system installations.


Learning processes of children, adolescents and adults do not only take place in formal contexts like school, but also in informal contexts, such as in the family or in one's peer group, or in non-formal social contexts like clubs. In many of these learning processes media play a significant role – as an instrument and as a subject for learning. Therefore it is an important task for media education to describe and analyze such processes and to formulate pedagogical consequences for learning with and about media. To realize this challenge, it is helpful and necessary to develop a definition of media which is adequate for learning in different contexts of a mediatized society. We discuss three theoretical approaches: a network perspective, systems theory and semiotics to help us to create an appropriate definition of media offers. We use an everyday life example (communication with and via Facebook) to illustrate our argument.


The genitive plural, which ended in *-ъ in Proto-Slavic, is probably the most controversial case form in the Slavic declensional system. Meillet, as is well known, took the ending from a supposed Proto-Indo-European gen. pl. in *-om (i.e., *-ŏm), for which he also found support, alongside the more abundant remains of *-ōm (vel sim.), in Old Irish, Umbrian, and Old Prussian. According to Meillet, *-om was the "real" PIE gen. pl. ending, while the higher-profile sequence *-ōm (cf. Ved. -ām, Av. -ąm, Gk. -ων, OHG -o, etc.) was underlyingly *-o-om, the contraction product of *-om with a preceding stem-final *-o-. But the "short-vowel" theory of the PIE gen. pl., despite its superficial plausibility, has lost most of its appeal in recent years. From the outset, it was a disturbing fact that the allegedly original distribution, with *-ōm in o-stems and *-om elsewhere, was not actually preserved in any attested IE language. More recently, evidence has accumulated that the long form of the ending was not *-oom but *-oHom, and that the Celtic, Italic, and West Baltic endings thought to reflect *-om are at least equally compatible with *-ōm / *-oHom. Even in Slavic, where the choice of *-om would seem completely straightforward, the prosodic behavior of the gen. pl. in parts of West and South Slavic suggests that the story is more complicated. In fact, as will be


The Staff Matters website is a resource that provides school staff with information and ideas on how to protect and enhance their own health and wellbeing. Part of the MindMatters site, it takes a universal and health literacy approach within the educational working context and is available for staff in all types of schools. It covers a range of topics on health and wellbeing for staff, and provides summaries of articles and opinion pieces about mental health and links to mental health websites.


A field trial was conducted to produce a new cultivar from the local variety jera'a. The experiment
was carried out for two seasons, 2006 and 2007 using mass selection plant breeding method.
The results showed highly significant increase in stock for the new selected cultivar over the local
variety amounted to 11.49 % for stock yield, and highly significant increase in grain yield giving 3.50
t/h. for the new cultivar over the local variety 2.67 t/h. This increase represented 23.71% and 25.75%
in grain yield and kernel/head respectively.
Highly significant correlation coefficient was obtained between grain yield and kernels/head
(0.964**) and between plant length and stock yield (0.701**).
It is recommended to multiply the new selected cultivar seeds to be distributed to farmers, as well as
to use them for further breeding work.


The literature so far published on the X-ray appearances of the lumbo-sacral region in cases of intervertebral disc protrusions presents a considerable divergence of views. A difference of opinion exists on the value of straight radiography for the diagnosis of disc lesions; and spinal contrast injections are considered essential by some workers whilst others condemn its use. The findings in this report are based on a large number of X-ray examinations of the spine and on 160 laminectomies with verified disc lesions. There are several problems for consideration. Is the use of myelography justified in the diagnosis of disc lesions? If, on the strength of our present knowledge, myelography should be condemned, how far does the ordinary examination of the lumbar spine help in the diagnosis? Are there any straight radiological signs in disc lesions? What other differential diagnostic possibilities exist? Lastly some points of X-ray technique will have to be considered. The majority of radiological papers deal...


By the Mountain Pass geometry and Pohozaev identity,the problem of nonexistence and existence for a biharmonic equation is studied involving critical potential,respectively the nonlinear item is critical or not.


The co‐occurrence of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and anxiety critically increases the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Understanding the influence of life style changes on affective symptoms in individuals with SCD can help implementing successful multimodal interventions that benefit both cognitive and mental health. We studied the interaction between affective symptoms and treatment adherence over time in individuals meeting SCD‐Plus criteria and being APOE‐ ɛ4 carriers that were following a multimodal intervention in the framework of the PENSA Study.


Purpose
The analysis of groundwater level below the earth surface is focused on current and future scenarios. To analyze the wells under the threat of water level depletion, a study is conducted on the groundwater level using control charts. To improve watershed management, the important criteria are to increase infiltration as well as water storage capacity. There are 15 over-exploited zones in the study area (Dynamic GW Resources 2011). The purpose of this paper is to help in understanding the importance of wells for improving the water level to a certain extent for sustainable development.

Design/methodology/approach
The water levels in the wells are located with the help of x, y, z plotting on the ground using ArcGIS software. This water level mapping is done at a micro-watershed level to increase the clarity of information at the micro-level. In this study, the problem of depleted wells is sorted out, and the water level present in depleted wells pre-monsoon and post-monsoon is evaluated for the two years. Also, water level analysis is done using a control chart to find out the critical wells. On the basis of Poisson distribution, C-chart is used here to analyze the quality of wells and the water levels in those wells to be improved.

Findings
The outcome of the C-chart helps to track the wells that can be improved further to increase the water level. This paper presents the study of estimation of appropriate sites to be given importance and the rate of water level depletion to be controlled, which also helps to select a site suitable for artificial restoration by targeting groundwater potential zones.

Originality/value
This paper gives an outlook idea of wells that can be improved and the area that should be given more attention. Analyzing water level depletion helps to identify a suitable site for groundwater restoration using a remote sensing and geographical information system. These measures help the government and public sectors for proper planning and management of natural resources.


This study aimed at investigation of the roles of the laboratory in students' academic achievement in chemistry in secondary schools in Ebonyi State of Nigeria. Four research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. A sample of 240 students selected through simple random sampling technique from ten secondary schools in the 3 Education Zones in Ebonyi State was used for the study. A questionnaire instrument developed by the researcher was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts one from measurement and evaluation and the other 2 from chemistry education. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation statistics. t-test was used in testing the hypotheses. The results showed that the use of the laboratory helps to: develop scientific attitudes in the students towards the learning of chemistry especially practicals, develop scientific skills for problem solving in students among others. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made: chemistry should be taught in the laboratory, government should build and equip the science laboratories, employ more qualified chemistry teachers in the secondary system. Key words: Laboratory, chemistry, teaching, achievement, students.


— We carried out an investigational study of early detection of prostate carcinoma, using digital rectal examination (DRE) and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). We determined the detection rate and some profiles of the carcinoma detected by screening in men from 50 to 80 years old. The detection rate was 2.3% in 1345 participants. In 20 men (64.5%) the disease was T1c or T2 and in 16 patients we performed radical prostatectomy.


Summary: The equilibrating process of catecholamines (CAs) between plasma and red blood cells (RBC) was studied by measuring their erythrocyte/plasma concentration gradient (E/P ratio); ratio of E/P>1 for a given amine was considered the consequence of its accumulation in or on RBC. We studied in vitro human blood obtained from 9 polycythemic patients from whom blood was drawn in control conditions and in response to loading with exogenous CAs. Preliminary study showed a lack of difference in results obtained in these patients from those in 9 healthy volunteers and confirmed that RBC accumulate dopamine (DA) and epinephrine (EPI) but not norepinephrine (NE). When a moderate amount of exogenous CAs was added, plasma and RBC concentrations were increased, with a delay between the two compartments indicated by a decrease in the E/P ratio of DA and EPI. When a large amount of exogenous CAs was added, their RBC concentrations were in direct proportion to their plasma concentrations. Thus, the kinetics of CA equilibration between plasma and RBC appears to be dependent on their chemical structure (DA is more easily accumulated than NE) and their plasma concentrations. Physiologically, the E/P ratio of DA was significantly greater than 1, suggesting that RBC maintained their capacity to accumulate DA even when DA plasma concentration was very high. Additional studies demonstrated that accumulation of CAs in or on RBC is a reversible process, inhibited by cold temperature and increased when blood pO2 is drastically reduced. Whether the erythrocyte accumulation has any role in clearing CAs from plasma is not clear at the moment; further studies must be designed to investigate whether RBC have a catabolic role in CA metabolism or behave as physical reservoir only.


Between 1965 and 1985, British archaeologists found themselves obliged to study the skies as well as the evidence beneath the earth. The sciences of astronomy, mathematics, and statistics bore down on the study of prehistoric monuments as never before, and a series of impressive books and conferences explored the alignments and proportions of ancient ceremonial sites. A quarter of a century later, all this excitement has arguably evaporated. The four different disciplines have largely separated again, and prehistory has been handed back to the excavators. Why have things should have fallen out in this way. Were solid gains in knowledge made during the period in which archaeoastronomy was fashionable? Or was it all just moonshine?


This paper introduces the design of the multi input board base on the ISA bus. It also analyzes detailedly the design of the multi input board that used single chip to scan the keyboard and transmit the data to PC through LPT. The analyses include the design of hardware and software.


Fumaric sodium (Na2fum) reacts with CoCl2·6H2O to form a one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymeric structure {[Co(bpp)2(H2O)2]·fum·8H2O}n (1) in the presence of 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane (bpp) from water at room temperature. An unprecedented two-dimensional (6,3) net topology of hydrogen-bonded water layers results from free water molecules through templating with fum. The 1D polymeric chains behave as pillars to join these water sheets to make an overall three-dimensional supramolecular architecture by hydrogen-bonding interactions.


Inter firm relationships are receiving considerable attention in marketing literature.Many firms are focusing only on the activities that have been performed traditionally while making use of the relationships that have been developed with other firms to make an offer valued by the customer. In this context buyer-supplier relationships are also becoming increasingly important. The supply chain is a mechanism through which these relationships are materialized. This paper aims to introduce a conceptual model that facilitates empirical testing of the outcomes of buyer-supplier relationships in supply chains. This exercise is based on a literature review.


There is a growing movement advocating the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) at regional centers with dedicated facilities.1, 2 Proponents contend that regionalized ACS care will save lives by improving access to new technologies, specialist physicians, and higher quality care not available at other centers.1, 2 The state of Maryland has already begun planning for regionalized care for patients with ACS.3 Recent enthusiasm for this movement has focused on its potential benefits. We present concerns about the rationale for regionalized ACS care, and outline some potential unintended consequences.


With the widespread adoption of various mobile applications, the amount of traffic in wireless networks is growing at an exponential rate, which exerts a great burden on mobile core networks and backhaul links. Mobile edge caching, which enables mobile edges with cache storages, is a promising solution to alleviate this problem. In this paper, we aim to review the state-of-the-art of mobile edge caching. We first present an overview of mobile edge caching and its advantages. We then discuss the locations where mobile edge caching can be realized in the network. We also analyze different caching criteria and their respective effects on the caching performances. Moreover, we compare several caching schemes and discuss their pros and cons. We further present a detailed and in-depth discussion on the caching process, which can be delineated into four phases including content request, exploration, delivery, and update. For each phase, we identify different issues and review related works in addressing these issues. Finally, we present a number of challenges faced by current mobile edge caching architectures and techniques for further studies.