To reduce maternal mortality and improve the timely notification of maternal deaths the Burkina Faso Ministry of Health (MOH) in January 2012 introduced the national Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) system and guidelines. MDSR was integrated into the existing National Health Information System and the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) program. The integration of MDSR into the existing IDSR system has contributed to its sustainability and success; however challenges remain in improving the quality of MDSR reporting. Often reporting is delayed in remote hard-to-reach communities which are located outside of a telephone network or far from a CSPS (centre de sante et de promotion sociale equals to a primary helath care centre). To address these issues the MOH and in-country stakeholders continue to strengthen the notification analysis and utilization of the surveillance data at all levels of the health system for improved decision making. This requires ongoing capacity reinforcement and training of all health agents particularly those at the CSPS and community members to ensure the prompt reporting of suspected cases of maternal death. Since implementation of the national MDSR system began 1746 maternal deaths have been reported to the national level in Burkina Faso between 2012 and 2014 demonstrating improvements in overall maternal death reporting. Moreover real-time reporting has improved both the availability of information subsequent analysis and decision-making allowing the MOH to appropriately allocate the necessary resources for improving maternal and newborn health. For example the MOH has leveraged MDSR data to address stockouts of essential commodities for facilities conducted in-service emergency obstetric and newborn care training in facilities with high case fatality rates and procured surgical equipment for facilities that were in need. As a result the country has experienced marked reductions in reported cases of maternal deaths since 2012. (Excerpts)


The present paper illustrates the set-up and the preliminary results of an experimental investigation of cavitation flow instabilities carried out by means of a high-speed camera on a three bladed inducer in the CPRTF (Cavitating Pump Rotordynamic Test Facility) at Alta S.p.A. The brightness thresholding technique adopted for cavitation recognition is described. A semi-automatic binary algorithm has been used for processing high speed videos of the cavitating inducer. In order to test the capabilities of the algorithm, the mean frontal cavitating area has been computed under different operating conditions. The tip cavity length has also been evaluated as a function of time. Fourier analysis showed the occurrence of a cavity length oscillation at a frequency of 15.7 Hz, which corresponds to the frequency of the rotating stall instability previously detected on the same inducer by means of pressure oscillations analysis.


Existing measures for the suppression of dust and gas emissions during mass explosions at the quarry of a mining and processing plant were investigated. Measures have been developed to reduce dust and gas emissions, taking into account the analysis of existing measures to suppress dust and gas emissions from mass explosions in the open pit of the mining and processing plant of Lebedinsky GOK. The studies of surface active substances on the wettability of dust particles. In order to improve working conditions, it was proposed to reduce dust and gas emissions by suppressing them at the source of education, using the method of wetting and sticking of dust particles. The proposed engineering - technical solution can be used to reduce dust and gas emissions during massive explosions in the quarries of various mining and processing enterprises. The developed method is proposed to be used to ensure environmental safety and improve working conditions in industries with high dustiness by increasing the efficiency of dust collection.


There is a system frame of telemedicine based on LAN was presented in this paper. In the system, we structured a telemdicine system which provide distributed service through introduce the Intelligent Agent. Because we use Intelligent Agent to implement the distributed service, the system has good openness、ex- tendibility and transparency to user. Achieved the goal of capital devote reducing and system capability im- proving.


Pittsburgh compound B Positron Emission Tomography (PiB PET) imaging is a new technique to detect amyloid-beta (Aβ). Aβ is a pathological bio-data which appears distinctly in most neuro-degeneration diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although PiB PET imaging is relative mature, the accurate diagnosis of AD based on PiB PET images still remains a challenge for radiologists. To solve above problem, this paper proposes a Computed Aided Diagnosis (CAD) tool, which combines three machine learning kernels: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component analysis (ICA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The experimental results with 120 groups of PiB PET images showed that the proposed CAD tool can yield a high accuracy in AD diagnosis.


ABSTRACT The determination of water use patterns of plants in a coastal ecosystem is critical to our understanding of local eco-hydrological processes and predicting trends in ecological succession under the background of global climate change. The water use patterns of Ziziphus jujuba, the dominant species on the Chenier Island in the Yellow River Delta, were examined following summer rainfall events. Stable oxygen isotope analysis was employed to analyze the effects of rainfall on the stable isotopic composition in potential water sources in Z. jujuba. The IsoSource model was used to estimate the contributions of potential water sources for xylem water in Z. jujuba. The results showed heavy rainfall could recharge both soil and groundwater but contributed little to the δ18O values in deep soil water (60–100 cm) and groundwater. Light rainfall had an effect only on surface soil water (0–40 cm). Z. jujuba mainly absorbed deep soil water on non-rainy days. Rainwater became the predominant water source for Z. jujuba during and immediately after heavy rainfall. Switching the plant's main water source between deep soil water and rainwater provided Z. jujuba with a competitive advantage and improved the water use efficiency of Z. jujuba in this coastal ecosystem.


Implications of a spin-dependent interaction generated by a static potential consisting of a vector ({ital V}({ital r})) and a scalar ({ital S}({ital r})) part are discussed for the mass splitting of the {ital L}{ge}1 levels of quarkonia. It is shown that when {ital V}({ital r}) is a pure power law ({similar to}{ital r}{sup {alpha}}, attractive for all {ital r}) and {ital S}({ital r}) is arbitrary, a relation exists between the power {alpha} and the four masses for a given {ital L}{ge}1 for any quarkonium system. For various values of {alpha} chosen recently to predict the center of gravity of the four levels, we use this relation to predict the mass of the {sup 1}{ital P}{sub 1} {ital c{bar c}} and {ital b{bar b}} systems as well as the mass of the {sup 3}{ital P}{sub 0} level of the {ital u{bar s}} system. It is argued that an accurate measurement of the masses of the 1 {sup 1}{ital P}{sub 1}({ital c{bar c}}) and 1 {sup 3}{ital P}{sub 0}({ital u{bar s}}) levels can already be decisive in ascertaining the viability of this class of static potentials for quarkonia.


The invention refers to a shutter control device which performs photography by operating a shutter housed in a lens barrel, and comprises a communication port, a shutter control unit and a memory. The communication port transmits and receives signals between the camera body and the lens barrel. The shutter control unit is provided in the camera body to output a shutter control signal. The memory is provided in the lens barrel to store shutter delay information regarding a time delay from when the shutter control signal is input to the lens barrel until when the shutter is closed. The shutter control unit receives the shutter delay information from the lens barrel and transmits the shutter control signal to the lens barrel through the communication port, ahead of an exposure time as determined by photometry, by an amount of time equal to the time delay.


Abstract The paper presents the results of the temperature dependence of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation of longitudinal waves in the vicinity of ferroelectric phase transition temperature of Ca2 Sr(C2D2 CO2)6 single crystals. The dispersion of ultrasonic velocity, caused by a polarization relaxation, have been observed in the [100] direction. The polarization relaxation time, obtained from ultrasonic attenuation measurements, follows the Curie-Weiss law and is similar to one obtained from the dielectric measurements.


It is now apparent that a conventional single-detector system is most effective only in scanning the superficial layers of the human body, since tissue absorption and the decrease of sensitivity with detector distance make the visualization of deeper structures difficult. For this reason we recently introduced isosensitive scintiscanning in the developmental project of the medical universal human counter (MUHC) (1). The essential feature of isosensitive scanning is the adaptation of two opposed detectors synchronized and moved in a rectilinear scanning system with their output combined into a single recording. The advantages of isosensitive scanning are summarized as follow: (a) The delineation of the radioisotope distribution is completely independent of depth so that any deposition of radioactivity has an equal opportunity to be visualized. This makes the system suitable for the detection of a deep-seated abnormality in a large organ, for use in multinuc1ide scanning (2) for simultaneous visualization o...


Abstract The current study examined the role formal leaders can play in creating routines and practices to foster and sustain organizational leadership of equity-focused teams of educators, parents, and students in schools. Using a case study methodology, we explored how a Black female K-8 school leader steeped in social justice leadership work and a white female middle school leader new to social justice leadership engaged collectively with a team of educators to build organizational capacity to identify racial, ability, and other group-based student disparities and develop equitable practices at their respective school sites. We present three key findings based upon analysis of 22 videotaped observation meetings and 27 interviews with principals and members of each equity team. Drawing on a framework of organizational leadership for equity developed by the authors, we first describe principal-initiated routines to foster professional learning that normalized an "equity" framing of educational disparities. Second, we share routines that resulted in broadening conceptions of leadership from positional authority, as well as routines that reinforced the principal as the individual with power. Finally, we highlight emerging but limited organizational routines to support sustained engagement of teams with equity-focused data over time to inform ongoing iterative improvements. We discuss the critical role of social justice-focused leaders in establishing these routines toward developing the capacity of others across a school to sustain equity-based improvement work.


Floral homeotic MADS-box transcription factors ensure the correct development of floral organs with all their mature features, i.e. organ shape, size, colour and cellular identity. Furthermore, all plant organs develop from clonally-independent cell layers, deriving from the meristematic epidermal (L1) and internal (L2 and L3) layers. How cells from these distinct layers acquire their floral identities and coordinate their growth to ensure reproducible organ development is unclear. Here we study the development of the Petunia x hybrida (petunia) corolla, which consists of five fused petals forming a tube and pigmented limbs. We present petunia flowers expressing the B-class MADS-box gene PhDEF in the epidermis or in the mesophyll of the petal only, that we called wico and star respectively. Strikingly, the wico flowers form a very small tube while their limbs are almost normal, and the star flowers form a normal tube but very reduced and unpigmented limbs. Therefore, the star and wico phenotypes indicate that in the petunia petal, the epidermis mainly drives limb growth and pigmentation while the mesophyll mainly drives tube growth. As a first step towards the identification of candidate genes involved in specification of petal layer identities and tube/limb development, we sequenced the star and wico whole petal transcriptome at three developmental stages. Among downregulated genes in star petals, we found the major regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis ANTHOCYANIN 1 (AN1), and we showed that, in vitro , PhDEF directly binds to its terminator sequence, suggesting that it might regulate its expression. Altogether this study shows that layer-specific expression of PhDEF drives petunia tube or limb development in a highly modular fashion, which adds an extra layer of complexity to the petal development process.


The ventilation system of Fengshan Copper Mine is complex and have many nodel points. The paper study optimization technology of the mine's under-mine ventilation and establish mathematics model,the new ventilated system is designed by mathematics model and local monitoring,the system improves the quality and efficiency of ventilation.


A well-preserved dendroid graptolite fauna of Early Silurian (late Llandovery: probable turriculatus graptolite zone) age is described from the Cotton Formation near Forbes, New South Wales. A possible rhabdopleuran hemichordate is described from Australia for the first time. The fauna consists of 13 taxa as follows: Dendrograptus sp. aff. D. avonleaensis, Dictyonema zalasiewiczi sp. nov., Dictyonema sp. aff. D. paululum australis, Dictyonema paululum australis, Dictyonema sp. aff. D. sp. cf. D. venustus of Bulman (?ssp. nov.), Dictyonema venustum, Dictyonema sp. cf. D. falciferum, Callograptus bridgecreekensis, Callograptus rigbyae, Callograptus sp. aff. C. ulahensis, Stelechocladia sp. cf. S. praeattenuata, Acanthograptus praedeckeri and ?Rhabdopleura sp. (? with zooids). The fauna is close in composition (although less diverse) and age to a dendroid fauna recently described from Bridge Creek near Orange, NSW, which was assigned to the slightly younger griestoniensis zone.


The discovery of a new viable renewable energy source is of significant importance for our generation. One approach scientists are addressing this problem is to use sun for solar power. There has been a lot of success in converting solar energy into electricity using solar panels. Now, scientists are trying to take it one step further and use this same idea to split water and make hydrogen. This process is called Photoelectrochemistry (PEC). PEC is more complicated as there are many more issues to address such as the electrolyte to solar panel interface, having sufficient bad-gap to split water, and the use of electrocatalysts to help aid in splitting water. This work here contributes to helping solve one of the problems, which is the development of an electrocatalyst to help photoanodic water splitting. These tests were done using electrodes with Nickel Oxide coated on them while running electrochemical tests to see their electrocatalyst performance. Here, we demonstrate that different preparation methods of a solution based Nickel Oxide precursor can affect its electrocatalytic performance, through potential shifting and current density increase, thereby enhancing its ability to aid in photoanodic water splitting


The Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTR) in Hong Kong has a good record in the acquisition of efficient traction equipment and safe signalling system including the world's first retrofitting project, called the ATC replacement project, which is to retrofit a new signalling system into the existing railway network with the introduction of three phase drives into the system came a new interest in signalling compatibility. This led to major development in design management in which the system design approach became a dominant factor. This paper describes some of the background to this design management development and presents the new system assurance programmes specifically designed for the construction works of both present and future MTR extensions.


In the past, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu has been associated with two roles: her experience in the Embassy of Turkey, highlighting cultural diversity, and her transnational travels. The aim of this article is to argue that she was more than a literary aristocrat who described habits and customs from abroad. Drawing on her collected letters, with special emphasis on letters that move beyond descriptions of Istanbul, this article notes that she was also a vaccine entrepreneur, and a journalist of political and urban issues, as well as philosophical issues. In the passages discussed here, she describes and comments on trade, products, pavement, fashion, and social class. It is high time for epistolary studies to shed its biases and to consider aspects that have been overlooked in the depiction of a secular woman of feelings and emotions. Many letter writers from the sixteenth and seventeenth century were already politically and artistically engaged feminists who used letters with precision and expertise. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, as she signed her letters, was one of them. Her letters contribute significantly to building a transcultural view of the world in which diversity and knowledge contribute to a wider perspective on reality, and they provide new opportunities to learn more about what the world was like in her day.


Mokka is a PC (CAP theorem) consensus algorithm for handling replicated logs in open networks. This algorithm has some common approaches nested from RAFT, but its nature and design make Mokka a better solution in the following cases: storing sensitive historical data, ability to work in the trustless environment, ability to append logs from all nodes in the cluster. To make it possible to work in a trustless environment, mokka use cryptography algorithms for data validation and voting handling. The data storage is maintained through the Merkle tree, which makes it impossible to erase/rewrite part of the logs and achieve any inconsistent state. The logs, proposed from the followers, are handled thanks to gossip protocol, which brings a better approach to avoiding losing logs during node failure.


The invention relates to a method and a corresponding circuit arrangement for continuously calculating an averaged amount of a complex signal in which by means of a particular iterative CORDIC procedure from digital complex input values of two signal components (si, sq) of the complex signal sums are provided, providing a smoothed amount (o) is carried out by processing the input values by means of two cascaded CORDIC method with feedback, and a is implied by low-pass filtering.


Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by the University of California for the Department of Energy, was asked last May by the Congressional Salton Sea Task Force to provide technical support for the remediation of the ecological problems in the Salton Sea. The results of their work in evaluating various concepts for addressing high salinity and variable water levels of the Sea relate to H.R. 3267 is presented. The results are preliminary and in some cases qualitative, but they can be used to help guide decision-makers in their deliberations. Ultimately, selecting the best solution for reclaiming the Salton Sea will have to integrate performance, economic, ecological, and institutional factors into the decision.


This paper reports on dielectric loss diagnostic features (absolute values, voltage dependence, etc.) measurements and results of residual breakdown voltages obtained on miniature (RG-58) cables as a function of water absorption and electrical aging by water trees (WT) under a 5 kV/mm voltage stress (AC). The dielectric losses were measured at voltages up to 5 kV (i) in polarization and depolarization using Time Domain Spectroscopy (TDS) and (ii) with a classical very low frequency (VLF) system using a 0.1 Hz sine wave. The corresponding residual AC breakdown voltages were analyzed using the standard procedure. After ~3000 h of water and voltage exposure, aged cable samples showed a relatively low level of degradation, mainly bow tie water trees, with longest being ~19% of insulation thickness. TDS and VLF dielectric loss results show that for such an aging condition, the dielectric response is mainly dominated by the presence of water in the insulation.


Many technicians, in their professional activity, need to control the execution deadline of all the activities or components that make up projects, works, and processes. In an attempt to address that need, and even before the existence of computers, Henry L. Grantt proposed a methodology for the graphic representation of those activities, so as to give an approximate idea of who they each interacted with the others, as well as each of the activities' impact on the total execution period. Computer science has allowed the creation of various tools that lead to easily and intuitively elaborate Grantt diagrams, and to use the information about each activity's duration and the relation that exists between the start and end of each activity with the others. The Critical Path analysis allows the classification of activities as critical and non-critical. A delay in execution of the former will result in a delay on the total execution period, whereas non-critical activities function within a margin in such a way that a delay in completion will have little to no impact on the total execution period. Among all of the computing tools in existence on the market for the generation of Grantt diagrams, Microsoft Project is perhaps the most widely used by technicians. It basically requires two inputs: the estimated duration of each of the activities making up a project, and the existing relations between their start and end. Said relations require conditioning through Restraints, the end or start of an activity with the start or end of another. These restraints imply the joining of two activities under the condition that the start or end of one will only occur after a determined period of time from the start or end of the other. Microsoft Project presents the important restriction of not allowing to establish more than one restraint between two activities; meaning, if for instance, the start of one activities is conditioned by the start of another, there will not be any more relations between those two activities, such as the end of said activities, in which case incorrect or hardly comprehensive data may be constructed. The above mentioned restriction is not a minor problem, for if analyzed correctly, when the start of one activity conditions the start of another, which frequently occurs, the ends of both activities will likely also be similarly related. For example, a facade closing evidently cannot be started until part of the structure has been completed, but it is not less true that the closing cannot be finished until after the total execution of the structure. In this article, I will attempt to explain in simple but rigorous manner the fundamental elements of the technical programming of a project. A work methodology will be proposed to ease the work of the technicians, and I will try to offer a solution to the problem of the Double Restraint between activities, which has certainly been making it difficult for the many technicians who use Microsoft Project on a daily basis. Keywords : Time Management, Double Constraint, Critical Path, Critical Constraint, Gantt


Monte Carlo and perturbation calculations for the square well system in the fluid phase, were performed for two different range parameters (R = 1.2042, 1.3675), in the inverse temperature range 0 ? X (=e/KBT) ? 1. First order perturbation theory reproduces the machine calculated results to a fair degree of accuracy. Comparison with the triangular well fluid shows that the square well potential is rather a severe test to the theory.


The computer program MODSAP is an expanded and modified version of the program SAP IV, originally developed at the University of California, Berkeley. This paper outlines the expanded capabilities of MODSAP. 2 figs., 1 table.


The Graphite Core Plant Lifetime Extension programme is intended to increase the understanding of the future behaviour of the AGR graphite cores beyond keyway root cracking, and hence contribute to underwriting the safety cases for operation of the cores to their ultimate lifetimes. As the AGR graphite core ages, the components of the core change shape, lose weight and the fuel bricks are postulated to crack. As a consequence, the geometry of the core will alter from the original design and hence there is a need to know the distorted geometry in order to demonstrate the safety functions of the core. For the life extension of the AGR power plants, it is therefore desirable that decisions should be based on results and conclusions with the least number of simplifying assumptions and conservatisms. An example is the development of a whole-core modelling and analysis methodology based on the use of 3D solid finite elements to model the graphite components. The aim is to demonstrate the viability of the solid modelling methodology in a phased approach; initially starting with small size arrays of core components and gradually increasing the array size to that of a full core with cracked fuel bricks. To support the computational work, experimental testing on quarter-scale components is run in parallel to the computational analysis. These experiments can then be used as a source of validation of the corresponding computational models. This paper presents the current computational work to date.


This study examined the influence of gender and organizational level on how survivors appraise, cope with, and emotionally react to organizational downsizing involving across-the-board workforce reductions. Study participants included female clerical employees, male and female technicians, and male first-level supervisors employed at a facility of a major corporation in the telecommunications industry. When male and female technicians were compared, the only significant difference was for perceived injustice, with the female technicians perceiving greater procedural and distributive injustice. There were significant differences across organizational levels for procedural injustice, sense of powerlessness, positive thinking, direct action, and help-seeking coping. The findings indicate that intervention strategies designed to help survivors adjust to organizational downsizing should be tailored to meet the diverse needs of different groups of survivors.


A new direction sensing continuous-wave Doppler lidar based on an image-reject homodyne receiver has recently been demonstrated at DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark. In this contribution we analyse the signal-to-noise ratio resulting from two different data processing methods both leading to the direction sensing capability. It is found that using the auto spectrum of the complex signal to determine the wind speed leads to a signal-to-noise ratio equivalent to that of a standard self-heterodyne receiver. Using the imaginary part of the cross spectrum to estimate the Doppler shift has the benefit of a zero-mean background spectrum, but comes at the expense of a decrease in the signal-to noise ratio by a factor of √2.


Objective:To investigate the effects of the exercise on the myocardial hitolygical structure and the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) and provide evidence in theory and practice for sports medicine and rehabilitation of heart.Methods:32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group(C),exercise group(E),16 rats each group.The rats of C and E groups were fed in the same free style living state,and just C group were put into the shallow water to simulate E groups swimming state.The rats of E carried out a moderate intensive swimming(conducted 2 hours per day,6 days per week,for 4 weeks) training.Hematoxylin-eosin(H.E.) staining was applied to detect the histological changes of myocardium,and immunohistochemistry staining was applied to detect the expression of bFGF.Results:1)The heart weight and the heart index(the ratio of heart weight to body weight)of E groups increased significantly by the enlargement of myocardium compared with C groups(P0.01).2)H.E.staining:the myocardial structures of C groups were normal.However,the myocytes in E groups were hypertrophing,a little damaged change of myocytes was found in E groups.3)Immunohistochemistry staining:the staining of bFGF was weakly positive in C groups and bFGF normally located in the cardiac muscle fiber and the endothelial cell of vessels in C groups.However,the expression of bFGF in E groups was higher than that in C groups and distribute more wildly(P0.01).Conclusion:Moderate intensive swimming can make myocardial cell secrete more bFGF and this might be one of the promoting factors for myocardium occurrence adaptive hypertrophy.


English is the most popular language in the world language system. As the carrier and crystallization of culture, language is the bridge and link connecting Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges. The penetration of literary education and aesthetic education in college English teaching can comprehensively enhance students. Language literacy and enrichment of students' language accumulation, and to a certain extent, can enhance the students' language and culture awareness, which is beneficial to students' diverse growth and development. This paper takes the application value of literature and aesthetic education in college English education as the starting point, and on the basis of it, the current domestic colleges and universities face defects and deficiencies in the process of English literature and aesthetic education, and improve the overall effect of English teaching through the penetration of literature and aesthetic content, and the integration of college English and literary aesthetic education is effectively promoted. 1. The value of literature and aesthetic education in college English teaching 1.1. Literary aesthetics is an important part of college English aesthetic education Everyone has his own unique soul, and from literature and aesthetics to open the inner key, can produce a good purification effect, some thinkers or educators have a strong interest and hobby for literature and art, whether in life or There are high aesthetic requirements in the research, and this kind of aesthetic consciousness exists in the process of the development of objective things. In addition to its warning significance, it also contributes to the overall improvement of the interest and realm of life. If the literature and aesthetic education in college English teaching is seriously lost, it will not form an effective training for students' appreciation, creativity and evaluation ability, which will become a major loophole in English education. For the aesthetic education in college English, cultivating students' appreciation in aesthetics is their main teaching goal. Among them, aesthetic ability and appreciation are mainly the ability to recognize and evaluate beauty. From the perspective of the cultivation of human soul and cultivation, literature and aesthetic education are the basic components of college English aesthetic education. It is an important promoter of promoting college English teaching with the times. Its main functions include the following: (1) It is conducive to the reform and innovation of the traditional education teaching model, and abandons the basic skills of students in previous teaching activities, such as listening, speaking, 2019 International Conference on Education, Economics, Humanities and Social Sciences (ICEEHSS 2019) Published by CSP © 2019 the Authors 333 reading, writing, translating and other training modes and training content, through "perception" and "rational" the transformation between the two gives students the confidence and ability to understand and accept the English language, and then jumps out of the "rational" limit to return to "true nature"; (2) It is conducive to educating and edifying students on the basis of beauty, comprehensively understanding and mastering the basic knowledge related to the United States, knowing the beauty of experience, and excavating and creating all beautiful things in the process of learning English, and spreading in a beautiful attitude translates into a conscious action; (3) It is conducive to the comprehensive implementation of aesthetic education and quality education. Based on the horizontal development of two different educations, it guides students to carry out the active construction of lofty aesthetic ideals, promotes healthy, positive and upward aesthetic tastes, and ultimately relies on a variety of aesthetic activities edify students' sentiments and improve their personality. 1.2. Literature and aesthetic education are one of the basic qualities of compound foreign language talents In the long history of China's 5,000 years, literary and aesthetic education is one of the fundamental forces of the ancient Chinese culture. From the perspective of the nature of education, literary and aesthetic education and college English education are accompanied by each other. It is the foundation for the country to contact the world and firmly follow the open path. It is also the source of power for the Chinese nation's traditional aesthetics to "go global." As a new generation of Chinese national culture, college English majors shoulder the important responsibility of promoting and spreading Chinese traditional culture and accelerating the integration of foreign cultures, and both the national and national literature and aesthetic education have implications for the abyss. In recent years, the colleges and universities are committed to the cultivation of characteristic compound talents, redefining and exerting the practical significance and value of literature and aesthetics. However, it is necessary to combine with the current level of education and teaching in China, and to carry out relevant education work in a targeted manner. Different from the instrumental training of other disciplines, English education focuses on cultivating students' basic qualities. Therefore, the stable development of China's economy and society in the new normal background is inseparable from the cultivation of compound foreign language talents. For the quality of English talents in the new century, the following are mainly included: (1) Focusing and planning to train some basic abilities in English learning, such as listening, speaking, reading, writing, translating, etc., especially English writing ability and verbal ability; (2) Students need to have a good Chinese foundation, and Chinese writing skills should also have a high level; (3) It has a rich system of linguistic knowledge and cultural knowledge and has a good overall quality; (4) Master the core literacy of basic theories such as psychology, philosophy, ethics, rain linguistics, aesthetics, logic, and literature; (5) Have certain innovation and creativity. 1.3. Literature and aesthetic education are important components in teaching reform, curriculum construction and training objectives. Beauty is a kind of embodiment that replaces the essential power of human beings with perceptual form. It is a kind of thing that integrates social phenomena and social practice. Sociality,


Recent experiments using mainly character unigram distributions in authorship attribution tasks are discussed. Results so far indicate efficacy in similarity judgements seemingly good enough for 'balance of probabilities' standards, but not yet for proof 'beyond reasonable doubt'.


Methods and apparatus for channel state information feedback are provided. In one aspect, a request to two or more stations is transmitted for the two or more stations to transmit channel state information in response to the request. The channel state information is received from each of the two or more stations.


Abstract : To assess the extent to which the Department of Defense (DoD) has established guidance for making and documenting solatia and condolence payments in Iraq and Afghanistan and to determine factors commanders consider when deciding whether to make payments and appropriate payment amounts, GAO obtained and reviewed guidance for these payment programs in Iraq and Afghanistan from 2003 to the present and assessed changes in guidance over time. GAO also interviewed knowledgeable officials at commands in Afghanistan and Iraq -- including the former Commander of Multinational Corps Iraq -- as well as at the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, among other organizations, regarding changes in guidance over time, processes for making and documenting payments, and the tracking and reporting of payment information. Also, GAO interviewed commanders, judge advocates, comptrollers, and civil affairs teams from selected units that were deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan in 2005 and 2006 regarding changes in guidance over time, processes for making and documenting payments, and the tracking and reporting of payment information. GAO selected these units for the following reasons: (1) based on their dates and locations of deployment in Iraq and Afghanistan; (2) to ensure that they obtained information from officials at the battalion, brigade, and division levels that had direct experience approving, documenting, and making payments; and (3) because unit officials had not yet redeployed or been transferred to other locations within the United States. Enclosure I describes Scope and Methodology. Enclosure II contains briefing charts for a Briefing to Congressional Requestors on February 28, 2007: "Preliminary Observations on the Department of Defense's Use of Condolence and Solatia Payments in Iraq and Afghanistan." Enclosure III contains comments from the DoD. Enclosure IV contains GAO contact information and staff acknowledgments.


........................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Optical microscopy and bacteria ........................................................................... 1 1.2 Single-molecule super-resolution microscopy ...................................................... 2 1.3 Fluorescent labeling in live bacteria ...................................................................... 4 1.4 From single-molecule imaging to the characterization of dynamics .................. 7 1.4.1 Diffusion analysis .............................................................................................. 7 1.4.2 Dwell time analysis with time-lapse imaging ............................................... 11 1.5 DNA replication in bacteria ................................................................................. 13 1.6 Thesis outline ......................................................................................................... 16 References .................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 2: Single-molecule DNA polymerase (PolC) dynamics at a bacterial replisome in live cells ...................................................................................................... 23 2.


This paper presents downlink spatial scheduling which nullifies interference among multiplexed signals perfectly in multiuser MIMO systems. Under the base station's zero-forcing transmit beamforming, each terminal can receive packet of interest without interference from the other multiplexed packets. The scheduling algorithm successively selects appropriate terminals for packet transmission in the presence of already selected packets. We show that the downlink spatial scheduler is equivalent to the virtual uplink spatial scheduler in terms of received signal characteristics. Applying the uplink scheduling concept to downlink, the downlink spatial scheduler achieves much higher system throughput than the system without spatial scheduling. Also, it is shown that the spatial scheduler has similar system throughput in uplink and downlink


Introduction. -- The crafts. -- Looking vs. seeing / John P. Hankey. -- It's still a world apart / Christian P. Goepel. -- Who is a railroader? / John P. Hankey.


Ukraine's population fell between 1991 and 2007 from 52 million to 46.2 million; at this rate, its 2050 population will be 36.2 million. Rich in natural resources, Ukraine is losing the working-age people who make its resources valuabl. However, much of the disease burden is amenable, and with proper intervention and a well-functioning preventative and curative health system, the crisis could be averted. This report presents the results of research that had two objectives : (i) To reveal oblast- and city-level understanding among certain stakeholders of the causes of working - age mortality and strategies to address it and (ii) To determine the extent to which collaboration is practiced at these levels, what methods of collaboration are used and what challenges prevent collaboration from being effective. Six oblasts were identified for the study, assuring diversity in several respects: Ivan-Frankivsk and Ternopil oblasts in western Ukraine; Mykolaiv Oblast in the southeast; and Dnipropetrovsk, Cherkassy and Poltava in the east. Known stakeholders in each oblast were interviewed between December 2008 and May 2009 to glean not only their comments but also their contacts in each oblast who might participate in focus group discussions. These two data collection methods garnered the opinions of nearly 60 representatives of the public and private sectors, oblast and city government levels, and the medical, labor, education or environment, and traffic or police "spheres." (For clarity, these four sectors are referred to here as spheres to distinguish this category from that of the public and private sectors.) After these discussions, the grounded theory approach was used to analyze comments and develop themes.


For this study, we developed a new statistical model to estimate the daily accumulated global solar radiation on the earth's surface and used the model to generate a high-resolution climate change scenario of the radiation field in Japan. The statistical model mainly relies on precipitable water vapor calculated from air temperature and relative humidity on the surface to estimate seasonal changes in global solar radiation. On the other hand, to estimate daily radiation fluctuations, the model uses either a diurnal temperature range or relative humidity. The diurnal temperature range, calculated from the daily maximum and minimum temperatures, and relative humidity is a general output of most climate models, and pertinent observation data are comparatively easy to access. The statistical model performed well when estimating the monthly mean value, daily fluctuation statistics, and regional differences in the radiation field in Japan. To project the change in the radiation field for the years 2081 to 2100, we applied the statistical model to the climate change scenario of a high-resolution Regional Climate Model with a 20-km mesh size (RCM20) developed at the Meteorological Research Institute based on the Special Report for Emission Scenario (SRES)-A2. The projected change shows the following tendency: global solar radiation will increase in the warm season and decrease in the cool season in many areas of Japan, indicating that global warming may cause changes in the radiation field in Japan. The generated climate change scenario for the radiation field is linked to long-term and short-term changes in air temperature and relative humidity obtained from the RCM20 and, consequently, is expected to complement the RCM20 datasets for an impact assessment study in the agricultural sector.


In a subordinate position in the employment relationship,the labourer beheviour forms a demarcation in labour and action,that cannot be reasonable unifed to a behaviour system in labor law.So,the conception of it could be constructed as a functional conception.The hart of labourer beheviour legislation is how to deal justly with labourer.Based on it,basic principles of behaviour system in labor law will outline the thread of labourer behaviour concept and the law practice;also explain functions of law system of the concept of labourer behaviour perfectly.


CONTEXT
Hypotension is one of the dose limiting side effects of benzodiazepines (BZDs), in particular of diazepam (DZP) which is still widely used in the clinic. Currently, only one FDA approved antidote exists for BZD overdose and novel approaches are needed to improve management of DZP overdose, dependency and withdrawal.

OBJECTIVE
Here, we hypothesized that increasing bioactive lipid mediators termed epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) will prevent hypotension, as was shown previously in a murine model of LPS-induced hypotension. Therefore, we first characterized the time and dose dependent profile of DZP induced hypotension in mice, and then investigated the reversal of the hypotensive effect by inhibiting the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme that regulates the levels of EpFAs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Following baseline systolic BP recording using tail cuffs, mice were administered a sEH inhibitor (TPPU) before DZP and BP was monitored. Blood and brain levels of DZP and TPPU were quantified to examine distribution and metabolism. Plasma EpFAs levels were quantified to determine TPPU target engagement.

RESULTS
In this murine model, DZP induced dose dependent hypotension which was more severe than midazolam. The temporal profile was consistent with the reported pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of DZP. Treatment with TPPU reversed the hypotension resulting from high doses of DZP and decreased the sEH metabolites of EpFAs in the plasma demonstrating target engagement.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Overall, these findings demonstrate the similarity of a murine model of DZP induced hypotension to clinical observations in humans. Furthermore, we demonstrate that stabilization of EpFAs by inhibiting sEH is a novel approach to overcome DZP-induced hypotension and this beneficial effect can be enhanced by an omega three diet probably acting through epoxide metabolites of the fatty acids.


The lines of sight to highly reddened SNe Ia show peculiar continuum polarization curves, growing towards blue wavelengths and peaking at λmax≲0.4μm , like no other sightline to any normal Galactic star. We examined continuum polarization measurements of a sample of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and post-AGB stars from the literature, finding that some proto-planetary nebulae (PPNe) have polarization curves similar to those observed along SN Ia sightlines. These polarization curves are produced by scattering on circumstellar dust. We discuss the similarity and the possibility that at least some SNe Ia might explode during the post-AGB phase of their binary companion. Furthermore, we speculate that the peculiar SN Ia polarization curves might provide observational support to the core-degenerate progenitor model.


Abstract : Semiconductor materials synthesized as oriented nanocrystals or assembled into nanowires and quantum dot solids of a single or multiple materials have technological potential in device fabrication. Our research over the past several years has demonstrated the application of peptides and biological templates to control growth and assemble nanocrystals into potential technologically important materials. The research covered by this grant had three key stages: Selection of Peptides that interacted specifically with a certain material; Using peptides to bind and/or grow nanoparticles or quantum dots; and finally using specific peptide moieties to pattern materials, including heterostructured materials. M13 bacteriophage library screening was used to isolate peptide fusions capable of not only material specific recognition, but directed crystal phase nucleation of some if not all of the semiconductor and magnetic materials studied, including ZnS, CdS, PbS, Co, CoPt, FePt, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, GaAs, InP, Si and carbon. Virus-semiconductor films were synthesized using the recognition viruses isolated. Genetic engineering encoding the specific peptides was also used to create a viral template to nucleate nanocrystals in an oriented fashion, forming wire-like structures, thus achieving patterning of materials using biological precursors. The nanocrystalline viral nanowires were further transformed to single crystalline nanowires through a heat treatment process.


This study mainly designed a simple driver for a circular cylindrical ridge-wave ultrasonic motor (RW-USM). Compared with a conventional switching resonant converter drive circuit, the drive circuit presented in this study was designed with IC-type components utilized to form a phase shifter that, in turn, was used to obtain two waveform signals with a 90-degree difference. In addition, two APEX PB50 ICs are used in the design of the amplifier circuit, which amplifies the two aforementioned signals by 11 times to drive the RW-USM. At a drive frequency of 34.868 KHz, a drive voltage of 200 Vp-p, and a preload of 1 N, an RW-USM utilizing the presented driver was found to have a maximum speed of 104.981 rpm, a maximum output torque of 3.957 mN.m, and an electromechanical transform ratio $\eta$ that was increased from 16% to 22%. The simulation and experimental results show that the presented simple IC-type driving circuit is very suitable for use in RW-USM.


Binding studies of metal complexes with DNA has attracted many interests due to their importance in cancer therapy and molecular biology. In this study, N,N'-bis[4-[1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)]salicylidene]-phenyldiamine and its metal Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. The complexes were structurally characterized using standard spectroscopic 1D H, 2D COSY, HMQC and C NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and ESI-MS spectrometry. The binding interaction between synthesized metal complexes and G-quadruplex DNA has been investigated using UV/Vis DNA titration study. Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes bind strongly to G-quadruplex DNA (Kb = (5.42 ± 2.48) x 10 6 M and (1.42 ± 2.48) x 10 M respectively) via end stacking mode. Both complexes show selectivity for G-quadruplex DNA over CTDNA by 2.15and 1.82fold, respectively.


The data from chemical studies and e l e c t r o n microscopysuggest that S e m l i k i Forest v i r u s obtains i t s envelope by budding i n t o the medium from the plasma membrane of the host c e l l . Biochemical evidence f o r ' t h i s phenomenon, however, has not been published. Therefore, we undertook a s e r i e s of pulse-chase s t u d i e s so that we might q u a n t i t a t i v e l y evaluate the importance of the budding mechanism i n the morphogenesis of Semliki Forest v i r u s . Baby hamster kidney c e l l s (clone 13) were grown i n c u l t u r e and i n f e c t e d w i t h S e m l i k i ' F o r e s t v i r u s . The c e l l s were exposed "to 14;"5-HJ l e u c i n e f o r 20 min and the subsequent i n c o r p o r a t i o n of the l a b e l i n t o v i r u s p r o t e i n s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h cytoplasmic membrane and e x t r a c e l l u l a r v i r u s was determined. I n i t i a l experiments had been conducted p r e v i o u s l y w i t h microsomes and a precursor-product r e l a t i o n s h i p demonstrated between v i r a l p r o t e i n s i n the microsomes and e x t r a c e l l u l a r v i r u s ( C D . Richardson and D.E. Vance, J . B i o l . Chem. 251, 55LL-5550). Further s t u d i e s were performed w i t h endoplasmic r e t i c u l u m and plasma membrane preparations. Maximum i n c o r p o r a t i o n of [ H]leucine was observed i n the v i r a l p r o t e i n s l o c a t e d i n the endoplasmic r e t i c u l u m at the end of a 20-min pulse period; greater than 50fo of t h i s r a d i o a c t i v i t y had disappeared w i t h i n 2 hr The plasma membrane f r a c t i o n contained no r a d i o a c t i v i t y at the end of the pulse period; subsequently, maximal l a b e l i n g of the v i r a l p r o t e i n s i n the plasma membrane occurred 3 hr i n t o the chase pe r i o d , and these l a b e l e d p r o t e i n s disappeared from t h i s membrane 8.5 hr afte r the pulse. At 8.5 hr chase," maximum incorporation of the labeled proteins into e x t r a c e l l u l a r virus was observed. These data are consistent with a precursorproduct r e l a t i o n s h i p between v i r a l proteins i n the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and e x t r a c e l l u l a r media. V i r a l proteins migrate to the plasma membrane and are subsequently incorporated into e x t r a c e l l u l a r v i r u s . A l l the r a d i o a c t i v i t y i n the e x t r a c e l l u l a r virus appears to have been derived from v i r a l proteins associated with the plasma membrane of the c e l l . Therefore, mechanismsffor^the"morphogenesis of Semliki Forest v i r u s ( i n baby hamster kidney c e l l s ) , other than budding from the plasma membrane, are u n l i k e l y to.be of quantitative importance. The p o s s i b i l i t y that an i n t a c t cytoskeletal system might be required f o r the assembly of Semliki Forest virus was investigated. The microtubules and microfilaments of baby hamster kidney c e l l s (BHK-21)_ were disassembled with s p e c i f i c drugs and the eff e c t on production of e x t r a c e l l u l a r v i r u s was determined. Colchicine, Nocodazole, dibucaine, and cytochalasin B reduced the production of e x t r a c e l l u l a r virus by 75-90$. Lumicolchicine had no effect on virus growth. Other control experiments showed no effect by these drugs on the incorporation of [-^Hlleucine of [-^S] methionine. At various times a f t e r addition of one of these drugs, the incorporation of the labeled precursors into v i r a l proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum or plasma membrane of the c e l l was evaluated. The res u l t s c l e a r l y show that the envelope and nucleocapsid proteins of the virus move to the plasma membrane of the c e l l where they accumulated. These studies strongly suggested that the cytoskeletal system was involved i n the f i n a l stages of membrane assembly of Semliki Forest v i r u s at the plasma membrane. Studies were also performed with the cross-linking agents dimethylsuberimidate (DMS), dith i o b i s ( s u c c i n i m i d y l propionate) (DSP), and dimethylthiobi's( propionimidate) (DTBP) . The proteins of p u r i f i e d v i r u s and infected c e l l s reacted with these agents and the cross-linked proteins were evaluated by oneand twodimensional SDS electrophoresis. Nucleocapsid protein cross-linked to form up to pentameric complexes, and envelope proteins reacted to y i e l d dimeric species. Nucleocapsid protein did not crossl i n k with envelope proteins. Cross-linking agents were also u t i l i z e d to determine the effects of colch i c i n e and dibucaine on the proximity of v i r a l proteins to each other i n the plasma membrane of the host c e l l . Colchicine (which disrupts microtubules) appeared to have no effect on the degree to which"f-^s]-labeled virus proteins reacted with the agents, while dibucaine (which supposedly disrupts both microtubules and microfilaments) abolished envelope protein dimers dramatically. This r e s u l t was interpreted to mean that microtubules may not be required f o r the formation of patches of virus proteins i n the plasma membrane pr i o r to budding, while microfilaments may pOiay a more dominant r o l e i n t h i s process.


The crew scheduling problem (CSP) appears in many mass transport systems (e.g., airline, bus, and railway industry) and consists of scheduling a number of crews to operate a set of transport tasks satisfying a variety of constraints. This problem is formulated as a set partitioning problem with side constraints (SP), where each column of the SP matrix corresponds to a feasible duty, which is a subset of tasks performed by a crew. We describe a procedure that, without using the SP matrix, computes a lower bound to the CSP by finding a heuristic solution to the dual of the linear relaxation of SP. Such dual solution is obtained by combining a number of different bounding procedures. The dual solution is used to reduce the number of variables in the SP in such a way that the resulting SP problem can be solved by a branch-and-bound algorithm. Computational results are given for problems derived from the literature and involving from 50 to 500 tasks.


Under the current medical model, many veterans do not seek out mental health services, even when experiencing severe distress due to PTSD [7,8]. Combat veterans often fear the stigma associated with receiving a mental health diagnosis [9]. While veterans recognize the difficulties, they experience due to PTSD, they often resist being labeled as mentally weak [10]. In order to better serve this population, it is critical that mental health professionals consider new approaches to provide a less-stigmatizing environment and increase the likelihood of treating the many veterans and families who suffer.


Despite being highly promising for applications in emergent electronic devices, decoding both the ion–electron–lattice coupling in correlated materials at the atomic scale and the electronic band structure remains a big challenge due to the strong and complex correlation among these degrees of freedom. Here, taking an epitaxial thin film of perovskite nickelate NdNiO3 as a model system, hydrogen‐ion‐induced giant lattice distortion and enhanced NiO6 octahedra tilting/rotation are demonstrated, which leads to a new robust hydrogenated HNdNiO3 phase with lattice expansion larger than 10% on a series of substrates. Moreover, under the effect of ion–electron synergistic doping, it is found that the proposed electronic antidoping, i.e., the doped electrons mainly fill the ground‐state oxygen 2p holes instead of changing the Ni oxidation state from Ni3+ to Ni2+, dominates the metal–insulator transition. Meanwhile, lattice modification with enhanced Ni–O–Ni bond tilting or rotation mainly modifies the orbital density of states near the Fermi level. Last, by electric‐field‐controlled hydrogen‐ion intercalation and its strong coupling to the lattice and electron charge, selective micrometer‐scale patterns with distinct structural and electronic states are fabricated. The results provide direct evidence for a strong ion–electron–lattice coupling in correlated physics and exhibit its potential applications in designing novel materials and devices.


The article reveals the pattern of network human capital formation. Network human capital has been proved to be closely connected and conditioned by digital transformation. On this basis, the relationship between network human capital formation and digital human capital has been substantiated. The purpose of the article is to consider a number of basic theoretical, methodological, and empirical foundations in the field of analysis of network human capital formation. Based on the analysis of a number of key studies in the area, it has been concluded that in the modern network economy, network human capital is determined by one of the most important strategic assets of organizations. It has been proposed to use the methodology of the Network Readiness Index to quantify network human capital. The theoretical and practical value of the proposed approach lies in the application of a methodology that gives priority to the human factor of network readiness and reflects the impact of individuals' choices regarding technologies and management methods on innovative networks creation in the process of innovative technologies development and implementation. The emerging concept of network human capital is aimed at overcoming the digital inequality and using the Internet to implement positive social changes. This concept considers digital education in the context of the formation of an active socio-political position of human influence on society development.


A broadband omnidirectional, dual‐polarized antenna suitable for 2G/3G/LTE applications is presented in this article. The dual‐polarized antenna has a vertically polarized element (VP element) and a horizontally polarized element (HP element). The VP element is a modified discone which can cover the frequency band of 800–2700 MHz (approximately 108%), including the GSM850/900 (824–849/890–960 MHz), DCS 1800 (1710–1880 MHz), PCS 1900 (1850–1990 MHz), UMTS (1920–2170 MHz), LTE 2300 (2305–2400 MHz), and LTE 2500 (2500–2690 MHz). The HP element is composed of a printed dipole array, feeding network, and four pairs of parasitical branches, achieving a wide bandwidth of 64% from 1530 to 2970 MHz (directly overlapping with the higher frequency band of VP element and having some surplus). High isolation larger than 36 dB is achieved in the common operating band because of the insertion of a large clearance. Smooth gain and low cross‐polarization levels are also obtained. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1848–1852, 2015


With the intensifying tendency of the world economic integration and the China's economic system reforms,the existing corporation law has showed its defect.In this thesis,the forms of providing the fund in a corporation are reflected upon,so that it can contribute to the modification of the corporation law.


In this paper, we analyzed the ecology and development of various types of pests, how they multiply in the latest crop rotations in modern farming systems. The species composition of insect-phytophages of agrobiocenosis of winter wheat in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was also clarified. It should be emphasized that a close relationship was also established between the levels of productivity and heat supply of plants and the main pest phytophages in the forest-steppe zone. The study revealed the features of biology and ecology of pests of stalks and the root system of winter wheat, as well as separate mechanisms of formation of entomocomplexes in agrocenoses, depending on the number of soil, intra-stem phytophages and colossus pests. We analyzed the distribution and harmfulness of the phytophagous insect population in modern agrocenoses. Special attention in the development and implementation of integrated methods for the control of winter wheat pests deserves a forecast, in particular, to determine the expected grain losses in modern crop rotations of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The culture of farming is disturbed in places, in particular, short-crop rotation is introduced, and monocultures are grown. Such violations of traditional, scientifically grounded crop rotations lead to unpredictable consequences, and promote the mass reproduction of specialized and  2 other species of pests and damage to them up to 40% of cereals, which significantly affects the reduction of gross fees and the deterioration of the quality of the crop. At the same time, special importance is attached to the highly effective application of the latest technologies for monitoring phytophages and progressive systems for protecting crops from pests. The analysis of the effectiveness of modern monitoring of the pest complex under new winter wheat protection systems was carried out. On the stairs of wheat found cereal flies, aphids and other pests. The main ecological and biological features of the formation of the entomocomplex of winter wheat emergence are determined. Features of monitoring and control of harmful insect species on winter wheat crops in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are highlighted. The analysis of the effectiveness of modeling the number of harmful and useful species of insects on the resource-saving protection systems of winter wheat. Specific features of biology and ecology of pests of stems and root system of wheat winter in the region of research are specified. The features of the formation of the entomocomplex in agrocenoses vary according to certain indices, in particular, the numbers of soil and intestinal phytophages, taking into account the radius of their daily movement. For effective management of crop production, it is actual to determine the total need of pests in the diet with the actual population of species at different stages of ontogeny of cereals. Application in the production of resource-saving models for calculating the dynamics of phytophages on crops of cereal crops by hydrothermal coefficient at different periods of plant and phytophagous development, which makes it possible to determine the quantitative changes of an individual entomocomplex on crops of grain crops in time  3 and space. In modern systems of agriculture in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the development and introduction of complex methods for controlling winter pests of winter wheat, which determines the expected loss of grain in the fields of crop rotation, is of great importance.


the Kurds within the European community. Over the years the KHRP has argued successfully numerous cases before the European Court of Human Rights involving Turkish violations of ethnic Kurdish rights within Turkey. Susan Breau is a professor of international law at Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia with an emphasis on the international law of armed conflict and human rights. After a brief discussion of the historical background, their analysis is divided into two parts. Part I concerns the international law of armed conflict as applied to the Kurdish struggle, while Part II delves into some potential legal and political solutions. Upon analyzing the relevant literature and treaties, the opening chapter of Part I concludes "on a factual basis in spite of the denial of Turkey" (p. 58) that the complex conflict in southeast Turkey, which also spills over into northern Iraq, constitutes a non-international armed conflict. Thus, "it can be argued that a whole range of humanitarian guarantees are offered to both civilians and combatants" (p. 88) by such means as the Hague Regulations of 1907 as well as the Geneva Conventions of 1949 with their Common Article 3 that provides limited protections for civilians and members of armed forces hors de combat. A subsequent chapter finds that PKK fighters are belligerents as defined by international law and that therefore, "a full range of humanitarian protections apply due to their customary [legal] status" (p. 115). However, the authors conclude that "neither Turkey nor the PKK has respected these customary rules towards each other's fighters that find themselves hors de combat" (p. 115). Another chapter examines the lawfulness of both sides' use of force and concludes that "whether, in a post-colonial era, there is a right to rebel is an extremely controversial topic" and that "it seems that Turkey does not have link gives Jordan some leverage over Israeli policies. Israeli intelligence launched a botched assassination attempt in Jordan on a Hamas leader in 1997, straining relations, and proving that hard-liners in Israel have little interest in developing friendly diplomatic relations with Jordan. Above all, the unresolved issue of Palestine and the dispossessed Palestinians has bedeviled Jordan's domestic policies. That Jordan has survived in the face of such tensions, threat, and competing policy objectives is remarkable, as Terrill outlines in this survey examination.


There was a kind of "good gold" copper money brand in Chu State and there are disagreements among scholars about its face character.Its face character should be explained as cashⅠ,cashⅡ,cash Ⅳ.They were special money issued in particular exchanging conditions and they could be exchanged with other kinds of money of Chu state.


This article presents a structuralist model for the peruvian economy, which seeks to capture some of its key features, such as the dependence on intermediate and capital goods, the relative rigidity of the export and agricultural supply, the existence of parastatal input producen and the possibility of financing the production through foreign debt. The model is later used to explain the long-term restrictions to growth, as well as to criticize the economic policy of the Belaunde regime and to present the logic of the heterodox alternative and the reasons of its initial success and later disaster.


The literature on organizational niche suggests that competition between firms that have overlapping niches tends to elevate mortality risks. However, the vast majority of this research considers only competition between firms with a similar organizational form. Ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) represent an emergent class of specialized organizational forms that are leaner versions of generalist forms. We apply niche overlap theory to the market for outpatient surgical procedures in order to explore whether ASCs and hospital compete with one another in fundamentally different ways. By manipulating patient-level datasets from the state of Florida, we were able to measure competition and firm entry/exit with a high level of precision. We broke down our explanatory variables by facility type (ASC vs. hospital) and utilized Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the impact of competition from each on ASC and hospital exit. Although ASCs do tend to exit markets in which there are high levels of ASC competition, we found weak evidence to suggest that ASCs exit rates are lowest in markets with high hospital density. On the other hand, hospitals not only tend to exit markets with high levels of hospital competition but also experience high exit rates in markets with high ASC density. Our results suggest that specialized organizational forms representing "focused factories" are unaffected by generalist forms while generalists are hurt by the presence of competing specialists.


This paper compares the operations of zoo regulations in Malaysia and Japan with special emphasis on animal welfare. Zoos are a major tourist attraction and house of various wildlife species either for display purposes or for animal performances. The main concern in this regard is the welfare of the animals in terms of their enclosures, diet, health, etc. The legislations of the two countries are examined to compare their similarities and differences. The methodological approach of this paper is purely legal and is limited to provisions in the relevant statutes. This study concludes that Malaysia has more comprehensive regulations on zoo operations compared to Japan. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1p328


Acute otitis media: do the current guidelines work? c Concerns about resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, frequent treatment failures and relapses, and lack of specific bacteriologic information for individual patients make the treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) one of the most frustrating issues in daily practice. The CDC and the AAP recommend that high-dose amoxicillin be used to treat AOM in areas with high levels of S. pneumoniae resistance. These researchers used tympanocentesis to evaluate this recommendation and to examine treatment failures. Fifty patients with AOM and tympanocentesis-proven bacterial disease (age range, 3 months to 36 months) were treated with 80 mg/kg/day of amoxicillin for 10 days. Each patient underwent a second tympanocentesis between days 3 and 5. The overall bacterial eradication rate was 82%, and most failures involved betalactamase-positive Haemophilus influenzae. Only 3 patients (6%) experienced clinical failure. Seven of 35 children who were followed for 1 month (20%) experienced relapse; the middle ear fluid in these patients contained both old and new pathogens. Comment c These authors provide excellent bacteriologic evidence that our current strategy for AOM is working. For the few patients who don't respond to high-dose amoxicillin, the logical next step is to add a beta-lactamase inhibitor to the regimen. Although S. pneumonia resistance continues to be worrisome, the bacteriologic evidence shows that most failures can be treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate and that the need to resort to ceftriaxone therapy is rare.


This paper introduces a GPU (graphics processing unit)-based fast motion synthesis algorithm for a large crowd. The main parts of the algorithms were selecting the most appropriate joint model given adaptive screen-space occupancy of each character and synthesizing motions for the joint model with one or two input motion capture data. The different joint models had a character range from fine-detailed and fully-articulated ones to the most simplified ones. The motion synthesizer, running on a GPU, performed a series of motion blending for each joint of the characters in parallel. For better performance of the motion synthesizer, the GPU maintained a novel cache structure for given speed parameters. Using the high computation power of GPUs, the motion synthesizer could generate arbitrary speeds and orientations for the motions of a vast number of characters. Experiments showed that the proposed algorithm could animate more than 5000 characters in real-time on modest graphics acceleration cards.


This research aimed to know the effect of implementing the Problem Based Learning model toward students' mathematical problem-solving ability derived from their self-regulated learning at MTs Rokan Hulu. This research using a factorial experiment design. By random cluster sampling, 8th-grade students of A-class as the experimental and C-class students as the control group. Data were collected from the mathematical problem-solving ability test and self-regulated learning questionnaire. The result of this study is: 1) there was a difference in mathematical problem-solving ability between students taught by Problem Based Learning model and those who educated by direct learning, 2) there was a difference in mathematical problem-solving ability among students having high, medium and low self-regulated learning, and 3) there was no interaction between Problem Based Learning model and student mathematical problem-solving ability.


The article dwells on the history of the studies concerned with flour-grinding and creamery productions in Northern Tajikistan, The author adduces the data taken from the scholars ' researches encompassing the period which commences at the end of the XIX th century up to nowadays, all these works deal with the issues related to flour-grinding and butter manufacturing in Tajikistan, its northern area being involved as well. The author points to inadequate studies of the question, he considers that flour-grinding and butter-oil-manufacturing in Northern Tajikistan deserve special exploration.


Organic cotton production currently takes place in 22 countries resulting in 241'697 metric tons of fibre and 1.1% of the global cotton production (Truscott et al. 2010). Up to 80% of world's organic cotton is produced in India. However, this market is threatened due to the displacement of traditional cotton species and cultivars by genetically modified (GM) hybrids selected for high input farming. Organic cotton farmers are facing increased difficulties in finding suitable cultivars in India (Nemes, 2010). Moreover, there is a big risk of physical and genetic contamination of organic cotton with GM cotton and the loss of locally adapted genetic resources. Therefore fast action is needed to re-establish a GM-free seed chain and breeding programs for cultivars suited for organic and low input farming conditions.


Purpose: To explore the potential use of ultra-wide-field (UWF) imaging for screening of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in AIDS patients. Methods: Ninety-four patients whose CD4 count was below 200 cells/μL were enrolled in a prospective study. Each patient underwent UWF imaging and indirect ophthalmoscopy. The main outcome measures were the concordance and detection rates of these 2 approaches and the sensitivity and specificity of UWF imaging. Results: Twenty-seven eyes in 18 patients were diagnosed with CMVR by the indirect ophthalmoscopy. UWF imaging missed the diagnosis in 1 eye because of a zone 3 CMVR lesion. The UWF image showed several CMVR patterns and locations: hemorrhagic necrotizing lesion, granular lesion, frosted branch angiitis, and optic neuropathy lesion. The concordance of the 2 approaches was excellent for the diagnosis of CMVR, classification of CMVR pattern, and location of CMVR. The detection rates of UWF imaging and indirect ophthalmoscopy were 14.0% (26/186; 95% CI 0.089–0.190) and 14.5% (27/186; 95% CI 0.094–0.196), respectively (p = 1.000). The sensitivity and specificity of UWF imaging were 96.3 and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: UWF imaging is capable of documentation of different CMVR lesions and AIDS-related CMVR screening when examination by an ophthalmologist is not available.


Since 1950's,the theory of language acquisition,based on cognitive linguistic perspective,has considered language learning activity as a kind of learner's cognitive activity,and therefore various studies of learner's psychological cognitive processes in language learning have been carried out.One of the topics of the studies was attention.The function and influence of attention mechanism in the stages of presentation,processing and storing,activation and retrieval are crucial in second language vocabulary acquisition.


150Jurisdiction — Territorial — Over territory in general and persons and property therein — Principle of effectiveness — Distinction between tangible and intangible property — Jurisdiction of courts of place where intangibles transferable or rights thereunder exercisable — Relevance of physical presence of defendant within jurisdiction — Effect of confiscation of intangibles by foreign State — Claim for restitution based on legislation of British authorities in Germany — Extent of jurisdiction of Restitution Court in former British Zone of Germany.


Thin steel sheets with a thickness of 0.3 mm and less are the base materials of many everyday life products (cans, batteries, etc.). Potential inhomogeneities such as non-metallic inclusions inside the steel can lead to a rupture of the sheets when it is formed into a product such as a beverage can. Therefore, there is a need to develop automated NDT techniques to detect hidden defects and inclusions in thin sheets during production. For this purpose Tata Steel Europe and BAM, the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (Germany), collaborate in order to develop an automated NDT-system. Defect detection systems have to be robust against external influences, especially when used in an industrial environment. In addition, such a facility has to achieve a high sensitivity and a high spatial resolution in terms of detecting small inclusions in the μm-regime. In a first step, we carried out a feasibility study to determine which testing method is promising for detecting hidden defects and inclusio...


We theoretically investigate waveguide structures in three-dimensional metallic photonic band-gap (MPBG) materials. The MPBG materials used in this study consist of a three-dimensional mesh of metallic wires embedded in a dielectric. An {ital L}-shaped waveguide is created by removing part of the metallic wires. Using finite difference time domain simulations, we found that an 85{percent} transmission efficiency can be achieved through the 90{degree} bend with just three unit cell thickness MPBG structures. thinsp {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}


Further on to our earlier work on the 4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine, we describe herein our strategy to get access to potent selective CB₂ receptor agonists. Thus, we designed and synthesized 29 compounds, evaluated on both hCB₁ and hCB₂ cannabinoid receptors, and assessed 11 of them in the TNBS-induced colitis model in mice. Compound 48 was found to be the most efficient of our series, exhibiting an exquisite protection against experimental colitis, superior to the one observed after treatment with Pentasa.


Feedback, feedforward, and feedwithin are three types of strategic information in systems. Feedback enables all levels of living systems and some nonliving systems to map the environment, to gain a more realistic self-image, and to adjust performance on the basis of information about past results. Feedforward enables systems to scan environmental situations, to forecast trends, and to adjust performance in anticipation of changing environmental circumstances. Feedwithin enables systems to monitor internal situations and processes, to identify internal system needs, and to coordinate system parts in concerted action of the whole. There are heuristic and applied biases associated with each type of strategic information.


Tourist and recreational clusters have become an effective tool for regional development, as they allow using collective opportunities to create tourism products, as well as contribute to the development of related industries. In the Astrakhan region, the tourism cluster was created with the participation of government agencies and is currently in an active stage of its development. The Astrakhan regional tourist cluster comprises interacting economic agents of the tourism sector and related activities, administrative bodies and coordinations, public organizations and research institutes. Despite the existing measures of state support, further effective development of the tourism cluster is associated with the solution of numerous problems. To study the mechanisms of interaction among the participants of the tourism cluster of the Astrakhan region, a survey was conducted, the results of which confirm the presence of a number of problems, including those in the field of cluster management. There have been shown unregulated issues of interdepartmental cooperation on execution of responsibilities for implementation of state policy in the field of tourism, as well as the low level of formalized interaction of cluster members, problems with stuffing, partial use of tourism and recreational potential of the region and increase of 'shadow' market participants. Nowadays, in the Astrakhan region there has been adopted the Strategy of tourism cluster development for the period up to 2020. Systematic realization of the Strategy will create conditions for the formation of a competitive and actively developing tourism cluster.


Progress in biomedical research depends upon the intellectual and physical effort of talented scientists. In the U.S., the composition of this essential resource has undergone substantial change over the past three decades. Postdocs have become the largest segment of the workforce in biomedical science and in recent years, foreign postdocs have accounted for all of the growth in the postdoctoral population. This workforce has helped fuel our extraordinary progress in biomedical research, but over-reliance on a temporary workforce may have far-reaching, negative consequences for our research enterprise.


At present, PID controllers have been widely used to control permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM), but PID controllers are difficult to be suitable for the occasions with high precision requirements. In order to solve the problem of high precision control, the position-speed-current three-loop control structure is adopted in this study. In the design process of the position controller, the method of combining PID and Iterative learning controller is adopted. Iterative learning control(ILC) can deal with problems in a very simple way. A dynamic system with a fairly high degree of certainty, at the same time, is highly adaptable and easy to implement. It does not rely on the precise mathematical model of the dynamic system, and is an iterative generation of optimized input signals. The Matlab simulation results show that the PMLSM under the iterative learning PID control has accurate position tracking ability. The applicable object of this control system is the controlled system with repetitive motion of industrial robot, which can effectively realize the complete tracking task in a limited time interval.


Cross-correlation of high-frequency time series between Shanghai Stock Market and Shenzhen Stock Market is studied.In order to identify details of cross-correlation more distinctly,cross-correlation is analyzed by MODWT(maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform)on various scales.The sum of wavelet variance after decomposition is equal to the variance of original time series.Along with decomposition,the characteristic of high kurtosis and thick tail has been decaying;distribution of new time series is tending to normal distribution.


In the era of big data and artificial intelligence (AI), advanced data storage and processing technologies are in urgent demand. The innovative neuromorphic algorithm and hardware based on memristor devices hold a promise to break the von Neumann bottleneck. In recent years, carbon nanodots (CDs) have emerged as a new class of nano‐carbon materials, which have attracted widespread attention in the applications of chemical sensors, bioimaging, and memristors. The focus of this review is to summarize the main advances of CDs‐based memristors, and their state‐of‐the‐art applications in artificial synapses, neuromorphic computing, and human sensory perception systems. The first step is to systematically introduce the synthetic methods of CDs and their derivatives, providing instructive guidance to prepare high‐quality CDs with desired properties. Then, the structure–property relationship and resistive switching mechanism of CDs‐based memristors are discussed in depth. The current challenges and prospects of memristor‐based artificial synapses and neuromorphic computing are also presented. Moreover, this review outlines some promising application scenarios of CDs‐based memristors, including neuromorphic sensors and vision, low‐energy quantum computation, and human–machine collaboration.


Since two-photon absorption was first described by Maria Goppert-Mayer in 1931 [1], two-photon spectroscopy has become an invaluable tool in the armamentarium of spectroscopic techniques [2]. In this Letter we show that the use of a nonclassical light source comprising entangled-photon pairs empowers two-photon spectroscopy in a remarkable and unanticipated way: It permits the extraction of information about the virtual states that contribute to the two-photon excitation, including states whose energies exceed that of the initial-to-final state transition. Another salutatory feature


This study investigates how technology is being used to improve the engagement of at- risk Hispanic students at a predominantly Black institution through the use of ePortfolio in a co-curricular context. Historically, attrition rates for Hispanic students at Medgar Evers College of The City University of New York have been high. In 2009, 5.6% of incoming freshman students were Hispanic. By Spring 2010 that number had dropped to 2.5%. Recently, concerned faculty have concentrated on improving Hispanic student engagement. In Fall 2010, the Education Department and the Association for Latino Studies Student Club (ALAS) were among a small group who participated in an ePortfolio pilot project focused on improving engagement, fostering integrative learning, and encouraging personal development through reflective writing. Preliminary findings indicate that Hispanic students' connectedness to the College increased after participation in this project.


Recent estimates suggest that from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century, between eleven and twelve million Africans were transported to the New World into slavery. 2 During the eighteenth century, British slave ships alone shipped nearly 2.5 million people across the Atlantic. Other major participants were Portugal, which was responsible for about thirty-one percent of slave voyages, France (eighteen percent) and, to a lesser extent, the Dutch Republic (six percent)." Mortality on the vessels has been studied extensively. In many ways, the debate about the abolition of the slave trade from the late eighteenth century onwards set the stage for the subsequent historical discussion, for scholars have echoed the abolitionists' emphasis on the "notorious" middle passage. Moreover, most studies that examined mortality relied heavily on proand anti-abolitionist propaganda and testimonies by participants in the trade before two British parliamentary committees." An example is the study by Malcolm


Energy-efficiency remains a critical design consideration for mobile and wearable systems, particularly those operating continuous sensing. Energy footprint of these systems has traditionally been measured using hardware power monitors (such as Monsoon power meter) which tend to provide the most accurate and holistic view of instantaneous power use. Unfortunately applicability of this approach is diminishing due to lack of detachable batteries in modern devices. In this paper, we propose an innovative and novel approach for assessing energy footprint of mobile and wearable systems using thermal imaging. In our approach, an off-the-shelf thermal camera is used to monitor thermal radiation of a device while it is operating an application. We develop the general theory of thermal energy-efficiency, and demonstrate its feasibility through experimental benchmarks where we compare energy estimates obtained through thermal imaging against a hardware power monitor.


The utility model is suited for the technical field of medical instruments and provides a balloon catheter with spinous processes. The balloon catheter comprises a pipe seat, a near-end pipe body, a far-end outer pipe, a balloon and a pointed-end pipe body, all of which are orderly connected in a sealing mode. The balloon, the far-end outer pipe and the near-end pipe body are sequentially communicated to form a pressure chamber. An inner pipe, allowing a guiding wire to penetrate, is arranged in the far-end outer pipe and the balloon. The tail end of the inner pipe is in butt joint with the pointed-end pipe body. The outer surface of the balloon is provided with at least three spinous processes extending along the length direction of the balloon. The spinous processes and the balloon are integrally formed by same elastic material. The balloon catheter with the spinous processes has following beneficial effects: the balloon catheter provided by the utility model enables the balloon and the spinous processes to be integrally formed; the balloon and the spinous processes have elasticity; fine wing-folding memory performance is realized; the contour becomes smaller so that narrow or seriously-crooked diseased regions are easily accessible; a good retreat effect is obtained so as not to cause damage of proximal vessels, thereby ensuring that the balloon catheter is especially suitable for treatment of serious angulation lesions; and the balloon with the capability of bearing large pressure has good safety.


The systems and methods according to the present invention provides a wireless communication method and apparatus for changing the intermediate frequency based upon a particular channel and / or system of communication stations. By an intermediate frequency properly selected in this manner, it is possible to easily remove signal energy associated with the image produced by the heterodyne process.


A reply is presented to George Seddon who praises Tim Flannery's work on the prehistorical Meganesia in 'The Future Eaters'. The author argues that the megafauna of Meganesia were not destroyed by the practise of burning by Aboriginal people. She presents viewpoints to dismiss Flannery's assumptions.


It was the first time Grahame McCulloch, NTEU General Secretary, had ever addressed the NTEU Women's Conference. We were a welcoming, attentive and gracious audience, but a little bit reserved at first and a tiny bit suspicious.


This study was conducted to compare apical transportation and centering ability to the major foramen after instrumentation and overinstrumentation with M-wire Reciproc ® 25 and WaveOne ® primary in severely curved canals of extracted teeth. Thirty mesiobuccal root canals of extracted mandibular and maxillary molars, with a major foramen width less than size 20 and angles of curvatures between 20o and 40o, were prepared with M-wire Reciproc ® 25 or WaveOne ® primary to the foramen and 1 mm beyond the foramen. Digital images of the apical foramen before and after instrumentation and overinstrumentation were taken with a digital camera (Olympus, E330, DC 7.4V) coupled with a microscope (Olympus, CX41, E330, Japan). Each image taken after the instrumentation of the foramen was superimposed on the preliminary image using a CS3 extended Adobe Photoshop program (San Jose, CA, USA). Apical transportation and centering ability were calculated using an AutoCAD program (Autodesk, Software, USA) in the direction of maximum curvature. Repeated measured analyses of variance followed by univariate analyses were conducted. No significant difference was observed after the use of M-wire Reciproc ® 25 or WaveOne ® primary to the working length (P > 0.05). The M-wire Reciproc ® 25 had a higher mean value for transportation and a lower mean value for centering ability (P 0.05). Le M-wire Reciproc ® 25 avait une valeur moyenne plus elevee que le WaveOne® primary pour le transport apical et une valeur moyenne plus faible pour le centrage canalaire (p <0.05), lorsqu'ils sont utilises 1 mm au-dela du foramen. L'utilisation au foramen du M-wire Reciproc ® 25 ou du WaveOne® primary ne presentait aucun danger. Apres surinstrumentation, M-wire Reciproc ® 25 a produit un transport plus eleve du foramen apical que WaveOne® primary.


While mounting costs bring pressure on designers to innovate, the potential risks associated with new technologies are often too big to accept. A strategy in which research may help to solve this dilemma is outlined here by a Structural Engineering Group leader in the Structure and Materials Division of the US Center for Building Technology. His approach was outlined at a national conference held in Washington, DC last year on the factors inhibiting greater building productivity.


DNA methylation profile, consisting of tissue‐dependent and differentially methylated regions (T‐DMRs), has elucidated tissue‐specific gene function in mouse tissues. Here, we identified and profiled thousands of T‐DMRs in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), embryonic germ cells (EGCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). T‐DMRs of ESCs compared with somatic tissues well illustrated gene function of ESCs, by hypomethylation at genes associated with CpG islands and nuclear events including transcriptional regulation network of ESCs, and by hypermethylation at genes for tissue‐specific function. These T‐DMRs in EGCs and iPSCs showed DNA methylation similar to ESCs. iPSCs, however, showed hypomethylation at a considerable number of T‐DMRs that were hypermethylated in ESCs, suggesting existence of traceable progenitor epigenetic information. Thus, DNA methylation profile of T‐DMRs contributes to the mechanism of pluripotency, and can be a feasible solution for identification and evaluation of the pluripotent cells.


Previous work by the authors has proposed a banknote recognition system using a neural network (NN) to develop new types of banking machines such as banknote readers and sorters. The feasibility and effectiveness of our research in the commercial market has been shown clearly. We implement the neural learning algorithm to a neural board and extend its specification in order to realize intelligent machines, which can be tuned by itself in the market. Furthermore, we advance this neural recognition system to palm prints recognition. We construct an experimental system for palm prints recognition using the proposed neural board, image scanner and PC. Finally, we show the possibility of individual recognition using palm prints, experimentally.


For several years leading up to the outbreak of the financial crisis, growth in the use of arbitrage collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) was explosive. In this paper, we discuss potential sources of such arbitrage opportunities, in particular, potential gains due to "bond-like pricing". For this purpose, we examine the risk profiles of CDOs in some detail, which reveals significant differences between CDO tranches and corporate bonds, in particular concerning a considerably increased sensitivity to systematic risks. Treating the structured products as single name instruments allows us to quantify these differences. We then price CDO tranches approximately with the Merton model, similar to corporate bonds. Using a sample CDO portfolio, we describe some opportunities for "CDO arbitrage" when investors consider corporate and CDO bonds as substitute investments and use bond-like pricing. We then discuss how tranches with high systematic risk can be generated and how CDO arrangers can exploit this to their advantage. It comes as no surprise that precisely these types of structures featured in many of the CDOs issued prior to the outbreak of the financial crisis.


Ergonyms (names of groups and companies) in the sphere of rock culture are discussed. Several groups of ergonyms from this sphere are analyzed.


In this paper the quasilinearization technique along with the Chebyshev polynomials of the first type are used to solve the nonlinear-quadratic optimal control problem with terminal state constraints. The quasilinearization is used to convert the nonlinear quadratic optimal control problem into sequence of linear quadratic optimal control problems. Then by approximating the state and control variables using Chebyshev polynomials, the optimal control problem can be approximated by a sequence of quadratic programming problems. The paper presents a closed form solution that relates the parameters of each of the quadratic programming problems to the original problem parameters. To illustrate the numerical behavior of the proposed method, the solution of the Van der Pol oscillator problem with and without terminal state constraints is presented.