Proof* Assume, two short repres e n t a t i o n s a. =Ϊ %Λ /\ %* Λ /\ ̂ -K — %\r\ Λti Λ Λ V* a r o g i v e n . L e t t h e m i n i mal one among the ?(%*) and be, say, p($<) = 0 Now 3ρ = Λ^β= %ΊΘΛ %2.OΛ %^0 ^ ^ every were different from Θ then <J*Λ " •Λ t = $ ί ^ Λ^βO, which contradicts our assumption. Hence among the pC$j) some one, say, ?(%'%! i s equal to θ Wh nee βa.̂ ^ ^^ ~ ?ZΛ Λ ̂ which completes the proof by the f inite induction.


We have studied the effect of biquadratic coupling (BQC) on critical current density in the Co/Cu/Ni-Fe nanopillar by solving the magnetization switching dynamics of the free layer which is governed by Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski (LLGS) equation. The LLGS equation is analytically solved for the time independent case and value of the critical current density required to initiate the magnetization switching is calculated. Its value in the absence of BQC is 0.8576×1012 Am−2 and in the presence of BQC its value increases to 1.0914×1012 Am−2. BQC field is acting along the easy axis which opposes the free layer magnetization moving to the out of plane and hence the value of critical current density is high in the presence of BQC. We can reduce the critical current density by reducing the BQC field which can be achieved by making the nanopillar with minimal or no roughness in the pinned and free layer.


XPath is deficient in locating method based on general structures, which is important for a complete XML document oriented query mechanism. Examples first are illustrated to elucidate the need to make the extensions and then some extensions are made for XPath. The extensions are developed from three perspectives. From the perspective of concept, definitions of node sequence pattern and node regular expression are introduced. From the perspective of syntax description, a data type called "NRegexType" and a function called "match" are extended into XPath. From the perspective of execution mechanism, a formal automaton is defined, which is used to analyze the recognition process for node sequence patterns.


This study explains how the characteristics of a public electronic networking system (PEN) contributed to an unusually high rate of female early adoption. A survey of 303 PEN registrants indicated that PEN'S female adoption rate was attributable to the anticipated accessibility of PEN'S public terminals, as well as PEN'S compatibility with political participation norms. Qualitative interviews also revealed that female users took advantage of an opportunity for user input into PEN's design and reinvented the system to tailor it to their needs.


In order to study the influence of drill diameter and working medium load stiffness to an electric hammer impact system,the force and drilling efficiency were calculated with numerical computation method of mechanical impact system.In the process of computation,seven kinds of drills and six kinds of working mediums were adopted.It shows that drill diameter and working medium load stiffness have no effect to the stress in the punch hammer or punch pole,but they have an important influence to the stress in the punch drill.With the increase of the diameter or the increase of the working medium load stiffness,drilling efficiency decline.For the same type of other electric hammer's design and selection,the results have a theoretical guidance significance.


By means of orthogonally rotational combination design,the technology of ultrasonic-assisted extracting glycoprotein was used to study the effect of the producing rate between the four extraction factors(ultrasonic power,the ultrasonic time,the extracting temperature and the extracting time)using aqueous solvent from Taraxacum mongolicum in order to obtain the optimization extraction of glycoprotein.The optimum conditions with the response surface method of process parameters were as follows:ultrasonic time was 20min,ultrasonic power was 200W,water extraction time was 5h,water extraction temperature was 50℃.The average extraction rate of the glycoprotein form Taraxacum mongolicum was 5.33%.


A new model for investigating the value of thermal expansivity is presented. It has been found that the values obtained in the present study are consistent with the experimental data. The excellent agreement between results obtained and experimental data show the validity of the present work.


This paper presents a heuristic method to solve the network reconfiguration problem in the presence of distributed generation (DG) in order to minimize energy losses and improve the performance indexes in distribution system. Topological reconfiguration corresponds to an important tool for planning and operation of electric power distribution systems. Considering the distribution operation planning, how much time one algorithm gets an alternative topological status for the system is not a matter of importance, since the main objective assumed involves: power losses reduction, enhancing the voltage profile and increasing the reliability levels. In this challenge, multiple criteria might be used according to the utility purpose in observation of regulation policies and public awareness. Despite the complexity of this combinatorial issue in large systems, researchers are making an effort to find effective optimization methods since the classic ones do not represent a reasonable alternative.


This study refers to some of the theoretical trends concerning classroom discourse, with emphasis on the postulates of discourse analysis. Prosodic strategies, such as intonation, variation of intensity, discourse pauses and changes in speech rate, are analyzed when used expressly by the teacher in order to awake the students? interests and to lead them interactively into the construction of the contents and intentions of enunciation. This research was led with two groups of 25 students each using the same syllabus. One of the classes was carried out with the classical teaching techniques and the other using the prosodic strategies mentioned above. At the end of the classes, a comprehension test was applied to both groups and it could be shown that the class including prosodic strategies showed a higher percentage of comprehension that the one where those strategies were absent.


This paper presents a study of automatic speech recognition system for Hindi utterances with regional Indian accents. In paper [3] we have designed matlab based ASR and control system for eight English key words by using simple rule base. This rule base algorithm is the beginning stage for Key Word recognition. In paper [4] we have designed Design of Hindi Key Word Recognition System for Home Automation System Using MFCC and DTW. Features of the speech signal are extracted in the form of MFCC coefficients and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) has been used as features matching techniques. The recognition results are tested for clean and noisy test data. Average accuracy for clean data is 97.50 % while that for noisy data is 91.25 %. We face problem in noise environment to detect correct utterance now we are going to review different papers and find out different techniques to design our ASR control system for Hindi Key Words using MFCC and DTW in noise environment.


The focus of the March-April issue is on plant life extension and vendor advertorials. Major articles/reports in this issue include: Energy for sustainable development, by Michael D. Parker, BNFL; Need to see the 2010 program move forward, by Andrew C. White, GE Energy; Economic assessment of PLEX, by Marius Condu, International Atomic Energy Agency; and, Plant profile: Davis-Besse's comeback, by Gary Leidich, FirstEnergy Nuclear Operating Company.


Concepts and System Design for the Rate-Controlled Drug Delivery Fundamentals of Rate-Controlled Drug Delivery Oral Drug Delivery and Delivery Systems Mucosal Drug Delivery: Potential Routes for Noninvasive Systemic Administration Nasal Drug Delivery and Delivery Systems Ocular Drug Delivery and Delivery Systems Transdermal Drug Delivery and Delivery Systems Parenteral Drug Delivery and Delivery Systems Vaginal Drug Delivery and Delivery Systems Intrauterine Drug Delivery and Delivery Systems Systemic Delivery of Peptide-Based Pharmaceuticals Regulatory Considerations in Controlled Drug Delivery


It is intended to disclose a method and system for forming a magnetic memory using the magnetic element (100) and the magnetic element (100), with respect to the magnetic element using a spin transfer effect while generating a large output signal it is possible to perform the writing. Magnetic element (100) is first ferromagnetic pinned layer (104), a nonmagnetic spacer layer (106), a ferromagnetic free layer (108), the insulating barrier layer (110), and the second ferromagnetic pinned layer (112), including. Pinned layer (104) has a magnetization that is fixed to the first direction. Nonmagnetic spacer layer (106) is a conductor, and disposed between the first pinned layer (104) and the free layer (108). Barrier layer (110) is an insulator having a thickness that can be positioned between the free layer (108) and the second pinned layer (112), and electrons tunnel barrier layer (110). The second pinned layer (112) has a magnetization that is fixed in a second direction. Magnetic element (100), the direction of magnetization of the free layer (108) is configured to be able to vary spin transfer when a write current flows through the magnetic element.


The paper, based on discussion of the concept and characteristcs of the term "Recycling Economy" and on the analysis of the variations of foreign trade circumstances in recycling economy, points out that the developed countries attempt to restrain China from enlarging its export through setting up acts on effective utilization of natural resources and waste- recycling recources, which is practised on the notion of recycling economy. It holds that it would be a practical way for China to borrow foreign experience to improve its domestic acts so as to establish its own recycling econmoy.


In today's era of digital revolution, electronic systems in the context of audio communication typically perform transmission, playback, analysis and synthesis of audio signals. So, from the perspective of electronic system/product design for any of these purposes, noise influences must be carefully considered. Various types of noise and distortion can be characterized and number of techniques can be assisted in mitigating their effects, thus enhancing the quality and intelligibility of the speech signal. The first and foremost step towards this characterization is noise classification. In this concern, this paper addresses the issue of environmental background noise classification using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Instead of using an apriori choice of filters or basis functions to separate a frequency component, the EMD typically expands the time series into a set of functions defined by the signal itself; commonly known as Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). These IMFs (and not the actual signal) are then used for feature extraction. This work suggests hybrid feature vectors for classification and proposes an optimized best suitable feature set for classification of different noisy environments with variation in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) level. For classification, Maximum-Likelihood Gaussian Mixture Model (ML-GMM) and k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classifiers are used. Utilization of this optimized feature set yields the maximum accuracy in multiclass noise classification irrespective of SNR variation. Keywords— Empirical Mode Decomposition, Intrinsic Mode Function, k-Nearest Neighbor classifier, MaximumLikelihood Gaussian Mixture Model.


Abstract High temperature powder X-ray diffraction measurements of Ba3RB3O9 (R=Sm–Yb, and Y) were carried out at temperatures ranging from room temperature to just below the corresponding melting temperatures (1,200–1,300 °C). No phase transition was found for the H-type phase (R3‾$\overline 3 $) with R=Sm–Tb and the L-type phase (P63 cm) with R=Tm–Yb. On the other hand, phase transition from the L phase to the H phase was observed for R=Dy–Er, and Y at around 1,100–1,200 °C. The obtained axial thermal expansion coefficient (ATEC) of the a-axis was larger than that of the c-axis for the H phase, and the ATEC of the c-axis was larger than that of the a-axis for the L phase. The observed anisotropic nature of ATEC is attributed to the distribution of the BO3 anionic group with rigid boron–oxygen bonding in the structures of the H and L phases.


Abstract In Hungary counselling the gifted has grown out of our vocational guidance practice and is based on Us rich theoretical and methodological approaches. In principle our work fits in to the framework of Renzulli's model Since ECHA‐Hungary (1988) and the Hungarian Association for Gifted Children (1989) were founded, there has been strong pressure on the few experts to start a voluntary service mainly for parents. In the last two years 34 families have turned to us for help. In most cases the children's age ranged from five to eight years. Mostly the problems of this age group are presented here.


Significance The limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing cerebral microvascular dysfunction in stroke has been a major obstacle in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Herein, we elucidated the stroke-induced transcriptomic changes in the mouse cerebral microvasculature and compared them with the alterations observed in human brain stroke lesions. Our study revealed the presence of shared alterations in microvessel-enriched, vascular disease-associated, druggable targets, highlighting the relevance of cerebral microvascular dysfunction in human stroke pathophysiology. We have also identified molecular alterations in the sphingolipid metabolism and signaling pathway in the cerebral microvasculature, which were significantly altered in human stroke. Our work provides a knowledge platform for future investigation of novel endothelial-enriched therapeutic candidates in stroke.


Health services have incorporated a wide variety of technological innovations, specialty in hospitals services. This article presents an analysis of the role of Sanitary Surveillance in hospital services, and offers subsidies that help make the practice of sanitary control in Brazilian hospitals more compatible with the reality of hospital organization in the country. It is a descriptive study, built on a bibliographic search in the area of Sanitary Surveillance and hospital organization, with no restrictions on date or language, and with the help of specific descriptors. The text offers a historical analysis of health ser-vices in Brazil, with an evaluation of the evolution of Sanitary Surveillance and the te-chnologies it handles, in comparison to the dynamic transformations of hospital institu-tions. The text contains suggestions of initiatives that could make Sanitary Surveillance even more integrated with this ever changing reality of health services in Brazil.


Relationship marketing has been a heated topic in the communication paradigm. The primary relationship is the one between a supplier or provider of goods or services and buyers and users of those goods or services. In order to facilitate it, other stakeholders in the network of relationships may have to be involved. This thesis examined the relationship between Chinese manufacturers and American distributors by a pilot qualitative study. Social exchange theory was used as a scope to analyze the relationship. Nine participants from both sides answered computer-mediated interview questions. Business ethics and worldviews are important factors that businessmen look for to build up long-term business relationships. Research questions were about the participants' personal values, their corporate values, and their need of a third party intermediary. Themes of similar personal values and corporate values emerge in the data analysis. Trust, family, and happiness are the most important personal values for both parties in this study. Trust is considered as one of the most important corporate values for both sides. As an important part of international trade and the modern service industry, the third party intermediary has specialized features to develop the international market and enhance brand value. This study found that Chinese trading intermediaries has not been able to play an active role in the promotion of foreign trade. RELATIONSHIP MARKETING 8


The dynamic properties of semi-active seism isolator for building made of magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) were studied. Semi-active seism isolators were designed with MRE, and their dynamic properties at different amplitudes, frequencies, preloads or currents were tested. The results show that the dynamic stiffness decreases with the increase of amplitude or preload, but increases with the rise of frequency or current; the damping ratio ascends with the increase of amplitude, but declines with the rise of preload.


Results: There were three statistically significant direct effects in the model: the path from prepregnancy BMI to inflammation, the path from prepregnancy BMI to stress, and the path from stress to symptoms of depression at 4 weeks postpartum. Indirect effects of prepregnancy BMI on postpartum depression through intervening variables were not statistically significant, nor was the model-based total effect of prepregnancy BMI on postpartum depression.


Abstract. An open Riemann surface is called parabolic in case every bounded subharmonicfunction on it reduces to a constant. In literature were introduced seemingly different analogsof this notion for Stein manifolds of arbitrary dimension. In the present paper we give a differentdefinitions of parabolisity and give some immediate relations among these different definitions.Inparticular,we discuss the following open problem:is the S-parabolic manifold S*-parabolic?Keywords: parabolic manifolds, plurisubharmonic functions, polynoms on parabolic manifolds,Green functions, special exhaustion function, affine-algebraic manifolds.AMS Subject Classification: 32M17, 32U. 1. IntroductionDefinition 1.1. A Stein manifold X is called S– parabolic, if there exits special exhaustionfunction ‰ ( z ) 2 psh ( X ) such, thata) fz 2 X : ‰ ( z ) • Cg ‰‰ X8C– const;b) Monge - Ampere operator ( dd c ‰ ) n = 0 off a compact E ‰‰ X. It means that ‰ is maximalpsh outside K. Wenote, thatwithoutmaximalityconditionb)aexhaustionfunction


Despite improvements and expansion of cellular coverage in developing regions, a substantial qualitative divide remains. Maps that display the presence or absence of cellular coverage mask critical differences in infrastructure performance and client load. In order to illuminate challenges faced by users of such mobile networks, we collect and analyze GSM network measurements at the local scale. We discover higher network congestion in developing regions as well as performance differences between available carriers in each location. Based on our findings, we propose an app, called SmartCell, that informs and empowers users in near real time to seek out improved mobile connectivity.


summary The type of calorie you consume (i.e., carbohydrate, protein, fat) may have a significant effect on the amount and nature of the body weight alteration.


This article briefly introduces the development history of the pump,analyzes the structure and computing lift of centrifugal pump,summarizes applications and development trends of centrifugal pump.


Embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-camera image correction method and apparatus. Multi-camera image correction method, comprising: obtaining non-overlapping area where the cameras are collected or overlap less than the threshold value independent image information region; each independent image information acquired according to each camera corresponding to each possible adjacent independent images corrected into a contiguous image correction parameter image; according to the image correction parameter, the video data corresponding to the camera image correction parameter correction processing. Example embodiments of the present invention, in the case of no overlap area or overlap area is small, maintenance manpower saving, high efficient adjustment and remote maintenance. Further, by correcting the image data processing mode, effectively guarantee the accuracy of the image is corrected.


PLANETARY SCIENCEScientists on the Phoenix mission to the high arctic of Mars announced this week that the rover had found some long-sought soil minerals that are "indicators of liquid water in the past." The catch is that team members can't say for certain when or where the water was liquid.


This article summarizes historical and cultural influences on the development of voluntary action in the Arab region. The role of religion is highlighted. Also discussed are demo-graphic, economic, and political factors that have influenced the development of volunteer and civic service programs in the region. Although systematic information and research are limited, civic service program examples are detailed. These examples include religiously based service programs, service-learning programs at the university level, and local programs. Official civic service initiatives and national policies are not specified or widespread, but program developments may have the potential to develop into such policies. More research is recommended regarding the role of the state and civil society in the development of civic service programs and the role of civic service in social and economic development.


Abstract : This document relates the history of the hydraulic mining industry in the western Sierra Nevada of California, and of the governmental agency charged with its regulation.


Frequency selectivity—the ability of the auditory system to separate one stimulus out from others on the basis of frequency—originates in the cochlea where outer hair cells (OHCs) provide sharp mechanical tuning at low signal levels. Whether humans have sharper cochlear tuning compared to common laboratory species has been a matter of scientific debate. Whereas cochlear tuning can be measured directly in animal models, similar tests cannot be performed in humans due to their invasiveness. However, cochlear tuning can be gauged from measurements of other OHC-dependent phenomena, such as otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). Here, we compare frequency selectivity derived from stimulus-frequency (SF)OAE suppression tuning curves measured in both humans and chinchillas. SFOAE suppression tuning curves have previously been shown to be as sharply tuned as compound-action-potential tuning curves in chinchillas and behavioral tuning curves in humans (when using simultaneous masking). These earlier findings support the id...


Abstract We establish the boundedness of the vector-valued Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator in variable exponent Herz spaces, which were introduced by Samko in [33]. We also introduce variable exponent Herz type Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces and give characterizations of these new spaces by maximal functions.


Abstract:Though modeled on the insistent factuality that had defined prefatory material in fiction a century earlier (what scholars have called the pseudofactual mode), the narrative frame of the found manuscript utilized in early American novels like Unca Eliza Winkfield's The Female American (1767) and Susanna Rowson's Reuben and Rachel (1798) had long been recognized as a "fiction" in itself. Linking this trope to current debates over the "archive" and the "hermeneutics of suspicion" this essay argues that the endurance of the "found manuscript" convention can be traced to the interpretive methodologies of early American antiquarianism and the growing effort to find "among the papers" of the dead and the living a materially stable canon of American letters. Pointing to emerging archives both literally and figuratively, writers of historical fiction such as Washington Irving, Catharine Maria Sedgwick, and John Neal were engaged with an ongoing recovery and reprinting of colonial documents that was coincident with the rise of American historical and antiquarian societies. In dramatizing antiquarian excavation and serendipitous "finds" while also conspicuously citing new histories based on such finds, historical fictions of the early nineteenth century registered the tension between perceiving old "papers" as a body of enduring source material and as a haphazard hoard of mutable ephemera that demanded imaginative reconstruction. Reading historical fictions as an outgrowth of antiquarian research also invites us to reevaluate the legacy of the pseudofactual, and its relationship with emergent discourses of fictionality, by questioning long-standing historicist approaches to early American fiction.


stated, "Understanding gas intrusion is an evolutionary process that has not yet run its full course."1 Since then, the evolution has continued, providing a more detailed picture of the downhole phenomena active during gas migration. Although many possible solutions are similar to those available in 1991, increased knowledge of gas entry mechanisms means that these solutions can now be deployed in a more logical and cost-effective way. Gas invasion occurs when pressure is lower in the annulus than at the formation face. Gas then migrates either to a lower pressure formation or to the surface. The severity of the problem may range from residual gas pressure of a few psi at the wellhead to a blowout. Whatever the severity, the major factors contributing to gas migration are common. Successfully achieving a long-term annular cement seal begins by understanding these contributing factors


In the present study the nitrogenase activity of Nostoc muscorum and Nostoc rivulare was evaluated in vitro; the test showed that Nostoc muscorum and Nostoc rivulare have the ability to fix nitrogen. In a pot experiment under field conditions, the results of the present study showed that inoculation of the soybean plant with Nostoc muscorum and Nostoc rivulare, either alone or in combination with N-fertilizer at 50 and 100 kg N/ha, caused a significant increase in the growth of these plants, as reflected in plant height, leaf area, weight of plant as well as the legume weight of soybeans. The combination of biofertilization and N-fertilization, especially at 100 kg N/ha, had more effect on both the growth of soybeans and nitrogenase activity compared to biofertilization alone. Nostoc muscorum and Nostoc rivulare are a promising biofertilizers for achieving an efficient association between N2 fixing cyanobacteria and soybeans; and thus enhancement of the growth.


Objective:To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor-β(NGF-β) on the proliferation and cell cycle of human pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells.Methods:MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of NGF-β and K252a (inhibitor of NGF-β receptor TrKA) alone or in combination.Clone forming rate,proliferation,and cell cycle of MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with different strategies were examined by clone formation assay,MTT,and flow cytometry,respectively.Results:NGF-β significantly increased the clone formation and proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells (P0.05,P0.01).K252a significantly inhibited the proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells (P0.05),while NGF-β combined with K252a had no significant effect on the proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells.NGF-β arrested MIA PaCa-2 cell cycle in S phase,K252a arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase,and NGF-β combined with K252a arrested cell cycle in S phase.Conclusion:NGF-β can enhance the proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 cells.


Recent years have seen a growing interest in the compression of hyperspectral imagery. In a scenario, anticipated by the NOOA for the next generation of GOES satellites, the remote acquisition platform should be able to acquire, compress, and broadcast processed data to final users, all in real time and with limited interaction with a ground station. Here we show how LPVQ, a vector quantizer algorithm previously introduced by the authors, may fit this paradigm when its arithmetic encoder is replaced with the CCSDS lossless data compressor. Beside competitive compression, this algorithm has several other interesting properties. It can be easily implemented in parallel, a number of entropy coding schemes can be used to achieve different complexity/performance tradeoffs, and the compressed stream can be used directly to perform nearest neighborhood pixel search without the need of full decompression.


Excitonic fine structure splitting in quantum dots is closely related to the lateral shape of the wave functions. We have studied theoretically the fine structure splitting in InAs quantum dots with a type-II confinement imposed by a GaAsSb capping layer. We show that very small values of the fine structure splitting comparable with the natural linewidth of the excitonic transitions are achievable for realistic quantum dots despite the structural elongation and the piezoelectric field. For example, varying the capping layer thickness allows for a fine tuning of the splitting energy. The effect is explained by a strong sensitivity of the hole wave function to the quantum dot structure and a mutual compensation of the electron and hole anisotropies. The oscillator strength of the excitonic transitions in the studied quantum dots is comparable to those with a type-I confinement which makes the dots attractive for quantum communication technology as emitters of polarization-entangled photon pairs.


: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a high protein diet alone or a high protein diet containing bread fortified with a pumpkin on daily feed intake (FI), body weight gain% (BWG%), serum glucose, lipid profile, kidney functions and liver enzymes in diabetic rats, in addition to, the determination of the chemical composition of (pumpkin and the bread which fortified with pumpkin), also sensory evaluation for the bread fortified with 10%, 15%, and 20% pumpkin. A total of 48 adult male albino rats of Sprague-Dawley Strain weighing 150 ± 10g were used in this study. The rats were divided into two main groups: bread with 10 &15% pumpkin powdered) induced significantly decreased body weight gain%, serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-c, VLDL-c, uric acid, urea nitrogen, creatinine, AST, ALT, and ALP, while HDL-c increased significantly, as compared to the positive control groups. The best results recorded for diabetic group which was fed on high protein diet containing 300 g fortified bread with15% pumpkin. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, a high protein diet containing bread fortified with pumpkin powder decreased blood glucose and the complications of diabetes. Bread fortified with pumpkin powder can be used as functional food for diabetics.


After discussing the intellectual history of post-Marxism, the paper offers a synopsis of my PhD thesis which stages a number of confrontations between the literary narratives of Jonathan Lethem, China Mieville, Thomas Pynchon, David Peace, Kim Stanley Robinson and Dana Spiotta, and the theoretical positions of Ernesto Laclau & Chantal Mouffe, Slavoj Žižek, Alain Badiou, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri.


Background: Diabetes mellitus and its complications are a source of considerable morbidity and mortality, with important medical and social implications. The aim of our study was to establish the efficacy of combined application of seawater, Pomorie therapeutic mud and lye in diabetic polyneuropathy rehabilitation. Materials and methods: The study was carried out during the 2011 and 2012 summer seasons in 43 patients (18 male and 25 female) with diabetic polyneuropathy from Germany, Russia and Bulgaria. The average age was 62±2.15 years and the average duration of diabetes was 16±3.4 years. All patients underwent combined treatment with mud baths (temp 37°C, duration 1520min, 10 applications) and 10 lye electrophoresis procedures to the lower limbs, and sea water baths. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used before and after the course of treatment to objectively measure the pain and parasthesiae of the lower limbs. Results: Following a 2 week treatment course there was significant improvement in the clinical symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy. 90% of patients reported improvement in pain, with VAS decreasing from 4.85±0.31 to 2.75±0.24, p<0.05. There was also a decrease in lower limb parasthesiae in 95% of patients, with VAS decreasing from 5.61±0.65 to 3.26±0.31, p<0.05. Conclusion: The clnical symptoms and quality of life of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy imroved significantly following combined treatment with Pomorie natural resources as a result of the trophic and pain-reducing properties of therapeutic mud, lye and sea water. We support the combined application of these treatments in the rehabilitation of patients with diabetic polyneuropathy.


A collection of interconnected short stories set in diverse corners of Texas, converging on Galveston Island before and after Hurricane Ike.


In this paper, a Trajectories Classification Algorithm (TCA) is presented. The points of the tanker ship and fishing boat were collected in the same environment. Each trajectory of the tanker ship and fishing boat is partitioned to many segments to extract the features from each trajectory by using the polynomial function. The features extraction is used as input of the subtractive clustering to put the data in a group of clusters. Also it is used as an input of the neural network in ANFIS. The features extraction of each trajectory is represented with the membership functions and group of the Fuzzy If-then rules. The Initial Fuzzy Inference System (IFIS) is trained with artificial neural network to get the Final FIS. The performance of the TCA using a polynomial function and ANFIS is evaluated by different trajectories. The proposed TCA is tested using different trajectories obtaining a high classification accuracy 99.5%.


In Dostoevsky's Grand Inquisitor (hereafter GI), the figure of the «prisoner » is generally taken to be Jesus Christ, although the text itself fails to precisely identify this figure. The absence in GI of a Proper Name for the «prisoner», together with other textual details, is crucial to the narrative's intrinsic structural ambiguity. Despite the author's project and his later comments, GI does not represent a dialogue between the old inquisitor and Christ, but a monologue before a silent, lofty figure, who may be Christ – or may not be. As in Dostoevsky's literary work in general, ambiguity is the main mark of a dominant «poetics of paradox».


The C_{60} molecule exhibits a remarkable stability and inertness that leads to its survival in ancient carbonaceous rocks initially subject to the high temperatures requisite for its formation. Elementary particles having very high electronic stopping powers can similarly form C_{60} and higher fullerenes in their wake. Combined, these two features point at the possibility of using the C_{60} presence (or absence) in selected bulk geological samples as a new type of solid-state nuclear track detector, with applications in astro-particle physics.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to dermatology and cosmetology, and represents a composition for prevention or treatment of dermatological diseases associated with disturbed cell differentiation and/or proliferation and/or keratinisation, containing at least one retinoid representing adapalene, and dispersed benzoyl peroxide, differing by the fact that it is presented in the form of an emulsion, and in addition to retinoid and benzoyl peroxide it contains at least one hydrophilic phase, at least one fatty phase, at least one emulsifier. EFFECT: invention provides high stability of the composition. 19 cl, 5 ex


Elastic wave velocity measurement in rocks at high pressures and high temperatures plays a key role in researching the state, properties and movement of the earth interior materials.


The authors address the multiple sensor detection of a weak signal in dependent noise using quantizers and a fusion center. The model of dependence encompasses either m-dependent or rho -mixing sequences. Two different sensor-function schemes are analyzed for dependence across time only and for dependence across both time and sensors. In the first case each sensor consists of a quantizer, and a test statistic is formed at the fusion center by summing the quantized data for each sensor. In the second case a nonlinear preprocessor is used to form a summed quantity before quantization at each sensor; it also assumed that a large number of quantization levels is used. In both cases, the summed quantities have Gaussian distribution under large sample size. The test statistics of both schemes have Gaussian distribution in the fusion center. The authors obtain the optimal quantizers and nonlinear preprocessors by maximizing the deflection induced from the Neyman-Pearson test of Gaussian data. They show that the complex optimization problem in the second case can be separated for each sensor into two decoupled optimization problems with respect to the quantizer on the one hand and the preprocessor on the other.<<ETX>>


e15549 Background: In recent years, multiple observational studies have suggested increased risk of developing gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies in patients with prior periodontal disease (PD). Our aim was to determine whether a difference in incidence of GI malignancies exists amongst patients with pre-existing mild-moderate vs. severe PD. Methods: This was a single institution retrospective IRB approved study. We identified a cohort of patients between 2011-21 with PD and concurrent registration in independent dental and medical electronic health record systems at the University of Florida. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on severity of PD (mild-moderate or severe). Descriptive statistics were used to compare the 2 groups based on demographics and medical history. Cumulative incidence curves were used to compare GI malignancy incidence between the 2 groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of developing GI malignancies. Results: A total of 2168 patients with PD were identified with a median follow up of 4.7 (IQR 2.6-6.8) yr. Of these, 54% had severe PD and 46% had mild-moderate PD. Severe PD was more common within males (58% vs 50% in females), Black race (62% vs 52% in Caucasians), diabetics (59% vs 52% in non-diabetics), cigarette smokers (60% vs 51% in non-smokers) and excessive alcohol intake (70% vs 61% in moderate alcohol intake). There was no significant difference in cumulative incidence rates of GI malignancies (colon, pancreatic, gastric, hepatic, and esophageal) between the PD groups stratified by severity (12% in severe vs 11% in mild-moderate, p = 0.6 at 5 yr follow up). In univariable logistic regression, severe vs mild-moderate PD OR was 1.12 [95% CI: 0.87,1.46], thus more severe form of PD is not associated with developing a GI malignancy. In multivariable logistic regression, severe vs mild/moderate PD adjusted OR was 1.04 [95% CI: 0.79,1.36], thus also not statistically significant, with other risk factors of developing GI malignancies identified in Table 1. Conclusions: There was no association between the severity of periodontal disease and subsequent development of GI malignancy. [Table: see text]


Since its publication in 1996, ASME PTC 46 Performance Test Code on Overall Plant Performance has established itself as the premier test code for conducting overall plant performance within the power industry, especially for combined cycle power plants. The current text within ASME PTC 46, which is currently under revision by the ASME PTC 46 Committee, describes in Section 5.3.4 Specified Measured Net Power that "This test is conducted for a combined cycle power plant with duct firing or other form of power augmentation, such as steam or water injection when used for that purpose." Further, the only example problem for a combined cycle with duct firing is provided in Appendix B of the code utilizing the Specified Measured Net Power Test Method. Though the text and example are correctly presented within the code, it resulted in misinterpretation within the industry that the only correct way to test a combined cycle plant with duct firing was to conduct a Specified Measured Net Power Test. Though the Specified Measured Net Power Test Method is an acceptable and accurate method in determining the performance of a combined cycle plant with duct firing in operation, it lends to being inflexible to the weather conditions for the plant operation. When the weather is too cold, the exhaust energy from the combustion turbines may be at such a magnitude as to not allow the duct burners to be fired due to limitations within the heat recovery steam generator and steam turbine systems to take the load, thus limiting the plant testing to take place when the weather is warm enough to allow the plant to be operated with duct firing. The opposite condition can also exist where the ambient conditions are too hot so that the duct burner capacity is unable to achieve the specified measured net power allowing the test to be conducted. The limitations stated herein are the reasons that an alternative approach with more flexibility is necessary. This paper will present an alternative approach referred to as the Fixed Duct Burner Heat Input Test Method to testing combined cycle plants where the duct burner heat input (Fuel Flow) is held fixed while the plant net power and heat rate are left to float with ambient conditions. Corrections for both power and heat rate will be developed for ambient conditions per ASME PTC 46 guidelines. This paper will further present a comparison between the Specified Measured Net Power Test Method and the Fixed Duct Burner Heat Input Test Method in the areas of the flexibility of the methods for various ambient conditions, and the method uncertainty associated with each method's ability to correct to reference conditions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Importance of the engineering education with effective practices has recently been increased in order to enhance students′ motivation to learning. This paper presents conditions of good teaching for enhancing educational effects suggested by authors and a teaching practice in the engineering applied subject. The teaching practices are evaluated from analyzing the students′ questionnaire of college of technology and/or university. The students′ minds to learning are discussed based on the questionnaire on the conditions of good teaching by the college students. Several opinions of authors for making educational effects in teaching practices are described.


Ontology is the talk of the day in various chapters of AI (NLP, IR, DB modeling among others). Ontology comes into play as a viable strategy with which, for example, to construct robust domain models. An ontologically grounded knowledge of the objects of a domain should make their codification simpler, more transparent and more natural. Indeed, ontology can give greater robustness to models by furnishing criteria and categories with which to organize and construct them; and it is also able to provide contexts in which different models can be embedded and recategorized to acquire greater reciprocal transparency. The recent interest in ontology exhibited by AI scholars will be analyzed and the main ongoing projects will be shortly discussed. The difference between ontology as technology and ontology as conceptual analysis (that is, the difference between ontology as understood by mainstream AI scholars and ontology as understood by philosophers) will be presented as well


According to the analysis of Yingjiang Autonomous County's current situation, the author pointed out that the current existence of the Family Contract System With Remuneration Linked to Output has not been adjusted ever since the first time it was established, as the result a large number of rural laborers go out to work, therefore a large area of arable land barren and other defects. In that case, the author suggests to improve the system is in great urgency.


Using ETM+ remote sensing images acquired on Dec.28 in 2001,March 18,July 24,Sept.26,Dec.15 in 2002,respectively,this study extracted the information of seasonal changes of the number and areas of lakes and analyzed the statistical characteristics and spatial distribution of them.The following conclusions were drawn.Firstly,the number and total area of desert lakes showed a decreasing trend from spring,summer,autumn to winter in the first year and regained the original condition gradually in the next spring.Secondly,the seasonal variation of lake area displayed an obvious characteristic that the atrophic and increased area of lake present a distribution of gathers and continual pieces and gradual changes in the spatial distribution showed in some time section.The automatic weather observation station of Badain Jaran Desert had been completed in winter in 2009.Our next focus is to study the scientific issues of lake water cycle further,water balance both using RS imagery data and meteorological observation data.


Dry reforming of methane by CO2 using nickel ferrite as precursor of catalysts was investigated.Nickel ferrite crystalline particles were prepared by coprecipitation of nitrates with NaOH or ammonia followed by calcination,or by hydrothermal synthesis without calcination step.The textural and structural properties were determined by a number of analysis methods,including X-ray diffraction (XRD),Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),among which X-ray diffraction (XRD) was at room and variable temperatures.All synthesized oxides showed the presence of micro or nanoparticles of NiFe2O4 inverse spinel,but Fe2O3 (hematite) was also present when ammonia was used for coprecipitation.The reducibility by hydrogen was studied by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and in situ XRD,which showed the influence of the preparation method.The surface area (BET),particle size (Rietveld refinement),as well as surface Ni/Fe atomic ratio (XPS) and the behavior upon reduction varied according to the synthesis method.The catalytic reactivity was investigated using isopropanol decomposition to determine the acid/base properties.The catalytic performance of methane reforming with CO2 was measured with and without the pre-treatment of catalysts under H2 in 650-800 C range.The catalytic conversions of methane and CO2 were quite low but they increased when the catalysts were pre-reduced.A significant contribution of reverse water gas shift reaction accounted for the low values of H2 /CO ratio.No coking was observed as shown by the reoxidation step performed after the catalytic reactions.The possible formation of nickel-iron alloy observed during the study of reducibility by hydrogen was invoked to account for the catalytic behavior.


This paper aims to provide a practical methodology for using web mining to gather strategic business intelligence. It first describes some concepts relating to web mining and reports some exploratory findings on how web mining for strategic intelligence is actually used in South African organizations. The paper then suggests some practical steps for organizations wishing to establish their own web mining procedures.


The accurate measurement of oxygen content in flue gases is significant for the improvement of the economic combustion. The soft-sensing technique is used to measure oxygen content in flue gases in this paper. Setting up the soft-sensing models of oxygen content through mechanism analysis, and this soft-sensing model fit well with the practical oxygen content, which is illustrated by the simulations. At the same time, the paper states a solution, which attunes the set value of the oxygen percentage based on the boiler's load, then optimizes the rate between air and coal. The practice exhibits the solution's easiness and effectiveness. which increased the combustion efficiency of the boiler notably, saved the coals apparently.


Purpose: The EGSnrc Monte Carlo code was benchmarked against newly measured angular scattering distributions of electron beams through thin materials. Method and Materials: The BEAMnrc user code was used for the simulation of the experimental setup. The geometry, beam and material properties were implemented in BEAMnrc, while the DOSXYZnrc user code was used to score the absorbed dose up to angles of 10°. The electron beam was generated using the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) Vickers linear accelerator, which allows for the production of narrow pencil beams of electrons with well known energies. Six materials: Be, C, Al, Ti, Cu,Ta and Au, were used as scattering foils and measurements were made at two energies — 13 MeV and 20 MeV. Great care was taken to obtain high accuracy experimental data for comparison with the results of the simulations. Results: The obtained angular distributions were fitted with a Gaussian and the characteristic angle (the angle at which the absorbed dose decreases by 1/e) was used to compare the measured and simulated distributions. The discrepancy between the measured and the EGSnrc characteristic angles is on average about 1.5%. A careful error estimation was performed on the measured data, that resulted in a value of about 1%. The EGSnrc code shows an agreement with the measured data at the 2σ level. In general, the EGSnrc predicts narrower distributions. The full distributions were also compared and the shapes were found to be very similar even at large angles. Conclusion: The present study shows that the EGSnrc code predicts electron angular scattering distributions in agreement with the measured data at the 2% level. It is intended to make the experimental data available to the user community to be used for benchmarking of other Monte Carlo codes. Partial support from NIH R01 CA104777‐01A2.


The free software virtual communities use the forums to discuss their problems and generate knowledge, but the lack of a proper structure of this kind of interaction may hinder the participants to find what they want and to understand the discussion points. This paper describes an argument model proposed to organize discussions and facilitate access to knowledge generated in this context.


Under the dual-carbon background, along with the process of the two-wheel drive development strategy, the industrial synergistic agglomeration has quietly become the "new normal" of urban industrial spatial layout, and the green total factor productivity has become an essential measure of the quality of economic development of cities in China. This project takes the synergistic agglomeration at the factor level between the productive service industry and manufacturing industry as the perspective and analyzes the realization mechanism of green total factor productivity growth under the synergistic agglomeration of the manufacturing industry and productive service industry from the current situation of China's industrial development, which is also a deepening and expanding of the theory of agglomeration economy. This project first discusses the "greening" issue in the development process of the productive service industry and manufacturing industry, and applies the super-efficient DEA model to account for the green total factor productivity of the productive service industry and manufacturing industry according to the difference of industrial characteristics, and then expounds the inner mechanism of green total factor productivity growth under the synergistic agglomeration of industries. Then, the panel data of 24 provinces in China are used to modify the existing indexes for measuring the level of industrial synergistic agglomeration and analyze the impact factors of the synergistic evolution of the productive service industry and the manufacturing industry on the green total factor productivity. Finally, through scenario simulation analysis, different policy scenarios with different policy incentives are set up to study the impact of policy incentives further and propose corresponding policy recommendations.


Recently discovered heavy fermion CeRh$_{2}$As$_{2}$ compound crystallizes in the nonsymmorphic $P4/nmm$ symmetry, which enables the occurrence of topological protection. Experimental results show that this material exhibits unusual behavior, which is manifested by the appearance of two superconducting phases. In this work, we uncover and discuss a role of Rh$_{2}$As$_{2}$ layers and their impact on the electronic and dynamical properties of the system. The location of Ce atoms between two non-equivalent layers allows for the realization of hidden orbital order. We point out that the electronic band structure around the Fermi level is associated mostly with Ce $4f$ and Rh $4d$ orbitals and suggest the occurrence of the Lifshitz transition induced by the external magnetic field. We discuss also the role played by the $f$--$d$ orbital hybridization in the electronic band structure.


Penn State Abington has integrated the student use of handheld computer technology to foster active and collaborative learning experiences in the classroom and laboratory in a sophomore-level introductory digital systems course in the fall of 2001 and 2002. The handheld computer provided each student with access to useful course material and tools, which enhanced the learning experience in and out of the classroom. Additionally, teams of students explored innovative uses of handheld computers in a variety of applications including robotics, GPS systems, music, and circuit design. Based on data from a student survey, the handheld computer was judged to be a useful educational tool. 1.0 Introduction Penn State Abington has integrated the student use of handheld computer technology to foster active and collaborative learning experiences in the classroom and laboratory in a sophomore-level introductory digital systems course in the fall of 2001 and fall of 2002. Penn State Abington has also integrated handheld computers into the Information Sciences and Technology (IST) undergraduate curriculum, robotics instruction, and a French language course [1]. The handheld computer is an inexpensive, personal digital assistant (PDA) that supports database, spreadsheet, document viewing/editing, graphics, programming, personal organization, and web-browsing software. Through support from Palm, Inc [2], Palm PDA technology was introduced into an introductory digital systems engineering course for 24 students in the fall of 2000 at Penn State Abington. The digital systems course covers topics in number systems, logic gates, Boolean algebra, combinational and sequential logic, state machines, memory concepts, and programmable logic devices. These engineering students evaluated and developed handheld software tools for enhancing active learning and instruction in both the lecture and laboratory components of the course. Databases, simple CAD tools, C programming, image capture, web-based tools, and robotics applications were explored. Electronic quizzes and distribution of notes and web resources were also supported. The ability to transfer software applications and data from one Palm unit to another using the infrared beaming feature facilitated a collaborative approach to many activities. The Palm devices also possess a serial port, which allows connection to data acquisition systems and other computers. A second phase of the project occurred during the fall of 2001 offering of the digital systems course. In this phase, 39 students were required to purchase a Palm OScompatible PDA to be used regularly in the classroom and lab sessions to promote active P ge 701.1 Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright " 2002, American Society for Engineering Education leaning. The Palm OS PDA is a low-cost handheld computer, offers an intuitive interface, and has a great deal of software support. In addition to building on the successes of the previous year, students in the fall of 2001 explored the effectiveness of mobile quizzes. Teams of honors students from the 2001 class again investigated innovative uses of handheld computers in a variety of applications including robotics, GPS systems, music, and circuit design. This paper will provide an overview of several key software tools and handheld applications developed for enhancement of the digital systems course. Results from a student survey assessing the effectiveness of the handheld computer in the course will then be described. 2.0 Handheld Computer Software Tools This section will describe several of the key software applications for the handheld computers utilized in the digital design course. The first tool to be presented will be PocketC [3], a low-cost C-language compiler for the Palm OS. Pocket C supports much of the functionality of C and provides support for graphics, serial i/o, and sound. Software can be directly entered or modified on the Palm OS unit. Programs can also be transferred from a desktop PC to the Palm unit. In one activity, students in a conventional classroom were able to create and modify simple software programs to generate truth tables for a variety of Boolean functions for analysis. In another classroom activity, students devised software tools to perform base conversions. In this way the classroom was temporarily transformed into a computer lab. The PocketC product was also used to support student design projects such as a simple digital circuit CAD program, a music sound generator, robot arm controller, and an autonomous robot [4]. Figure 1 displays a Palm screenshot of sample PocketC program text as it would appear in the Palm memo application. Figures 2 and 3 illustrate PocketC program segments that provide communication over the Palm serial port to a microcontroller for a robotics application. The PocketC tool on the handheld allowed students to access, modify, and develop small programming applications in a variety of environments and facilitated the rapid prototyping of projects. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 The second tool to be described is InfoView [5] database tool. The InfoView database tools allows for the creation of hierarchical databases that can be quickly accessed on the handheld computer. The product supports the display of text, simple images, and tables. Links are activated by a simple tap of the stylus on the touch-sensitive screen of the handheld. A database of critical digital design course concepts was developed by the P ge 701.2 Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright " 2002, American Society for Engineering Education author for use by the students in the classroom and laboratory (see figures 4 and 5). Access to this database enabled students to engage more productively in the classroom in design work and team quizzes. This mobile database was also used by students in the laboratory to access reference materials on integrated circuits (figure 6). The vendor also provided several databases that proved useful in the course. Finally, the students found the informational database to be very useful for studying and reviewing class material in a variety of environments. The development of similar reference databases with equivalent content but in an HTML format is also underway. The advantage of an HTML format is platform independence and flexibility. Several commercially available products, such as iSilo[6] and Avantgo[7], are capable of displaying HTML documents on handheld computers. Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 The third handheld application to be discussed is the practice quiz software, Quizzler [8]. This product allowed students to review multiple-choice questions on their handheld computers. The author developed a database of over 170 multiple-choice questions for use with this product. Although the course exams were primarily problem solving and design oriented, the practice quizzes were found to be very useful. For one, the quizzes provided a useful overview of course material, and second, the practice quizzes could be conveniently accessed in any environment. This product allows for the arrangement of questions into categories, and will randomize questions and candidate answers (see figures 7, 8, 9). Although this application was not utilized directly in the classroom environment, the students found the application to be very useful in the learning process outside of the classroom, as evidenced by the survey results discussed in the next section. Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 . P ge 701.3 Proceedings of the 2002 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright " 2002, American Society for Engineering Education 3.0 Student Survey Results At the conclusion of each of the semesters, the students received a survey on which to comment on the effectiveness of the handheld computer in the course. In the fall of 2000 survey, the students were asked how they would rate the overall effectiveness of the Palm PDA in the classroom on a scale from 1 to 5 (1=not useful; 3=moderately useful; 5=extremely useful). The average response for the 2001 class (37 respondents) was 3.64 and for the 2000 class (21 respondents) the average was 4.0. When asked if the students would recommend the use of the Palm PDA in future offerings of the course, 18 of the 21 respondents in 2000 indicated "yes," three students indicated "not sure," and none indicated "no." In the 2001 survey, 28 of the 37 respondents indicated "yes" to the same question, 6 indicated "not sure", and 3 students responded "no." In response to the open question: "What is the most positive reason for using a Palm PDA in the course?" 10 students on the 2001 survey specifically indicated the InfoView database application. Thirteen students specifically identified the Quizzler practice quiz application as very positive. Five students indicated that familiarization with handheld technology was the most beneficial aspect. Negative aspects on the use of the Palm in the 2001 class included "high cost" (8 students); "distracting" (2 students); "not used enough in class" (5 students); "difficult to use" (1 student); "lectures were not available on the PDA" (1 student); and "could not use handheld on the test" (2 students). 4.0 Summary and Conclusions Based on the survey data, the overall response from students has been positive. From the instructor's point of view, the use of handheld computers has improved and enhanced active learning experiences in the classroom, and has also exposed the students to many important engineering issues of handheld technology. The overall performance of the class was judged by the instructor to be at least equivalent to, or better than, previous semesters without the use of handhelds. Student access to handheld information and mobile tools allowed the instructor to engage the students with more challenging p


Very large scale integration of Josephson junctions in a two-dimensional series-parallel array has been achieved by ion irradiating a YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ film through slits in a nano-fabricated mask created with electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. The mask consisted of 15,820 high-aspect ratio (20:1), 35-nm wide slits that restricted the irradiation in the film below to form Josephson junctions. Characterizing each parallel segment k , containing 28 junctions, with a single critical current I ck we found a standard deviation in I ck of about 16%.


This chapter explores that Jesus was also their "Rabbi" or "teacher" (cf. Matt 23:7, 8; 26:25, 49; Mark 9:5; 10:51; 11:21; 14:45; and John 1:39, 49; 3:2, 26; 4:31; 6:25; 9:2; 11:8). The immediate contribution of the Old Testament to the formation of the Rabbinate appears minimal. The typology of the Rabbi-disciple relationship which emerges in the chapter contains many interesting details. The Rabbis were drawn from a broad spectrum of social classes and from localities both in Palestine and the Diaspora. The literary portraits of the Pharisees and their role in the social and political life of first century Palestine must be filtered through something like Harold Attridge's assessment of the Antiquities . As with Josephus, the use of Philo in reconstructing the historical situation in first century Palestine is beset with methodological questions. Keywords: Antiquities ; Diaspora; first century Palestine; Jesus; Josephus; Old Testament; Pharisees; Philo; Rabbi-disciple relationship


Evidence is presented that photolytic fission of the C–Br bonds of bromobiphenyls is preceded by electron transfer. The enhanced rate of photodecomposition of 2-bromobiphenyls is shown to result from the release of steric strain in the excited state.


PRINCE is a modern involutive lightweight cipher which was proposed by Rechberger et al. in 2012. PRINCE uses 64-bit core cipher, PRINCEcore, which holds the major encryption logic and is wrapped by two key additions. Thus, the security of the cipher is mainly depending on the security properties of the core. In this paper, we present an independent-biclique attack on the full version and also a differential inside-out cryptanalysis on the round-reduced version of PRINCEcore.


The Kefauver subcommittee has put its power behind a bill which could start erosion of our patent system (page 31). Tax laws to stimulate industrial growth are under consideration (page 27). Record capital investment by industry is predicted. But the predicted investment is only slightly above that of the previous record ($37.2 billion for 1962 vs. $37.0 billion for 1957 for all industry), while gross national product has risen from $443 billion in 1957 to an expected $550 billion or more for 1962. The attitudes of some powerful government groups toward some of these matters seem rather paradoxical at a time when (1) not only the Administration but the opposition party emphasizes the need for sustained strength of economic growth for both our economic and political health; and (2) scientific and technological advances are needed to maintain that growth. From an oversimplified view of economics, it seems to us that ...


Ball and beam system is a typical nonlinear and instable system, being a safe experimental platform of automatic control, it is an ideal tool for verifying and developing various advanced control algorithms. Its optimizing control processes can contribute to the research of other nonlinear systems. For the defects of stability error, oscillating and slowness in system response under traditional control methods, here designing an interpolation-based fuzzy controller. Simulation and on-line control experiments indicate that all the existing defects have been rectified remarkably.


The local heat transfer coefficient was obtained from the experiment using the heat flux meter of infinitesimal heat transfer area in the mechanically agitated thin film apparatus with rigidly fixed blades. The experimental variables were axial mass flow rate, rotational speed of a shaft, number of blades and viscosity of liquid. It was shown that the heat transfer coefficient was dependent on the product of the number of blade and the rotational speed of a shaft by 0.5th power. This dependence was same as that predicted by penetration model. However, the results did not coincide with the penetration model due to the different degree of turbulence in liquid film, which was affected by the changes in axial mass flow rate, number of blades, clearance and viscosity. As a result, the heat transfer coefficient could be described as the penetration model in combination with correction factor including the above effects. The dimensionless correlation equation within the experimental range was represented by


Three mechanisms have been proposed to explain relativistic electron flux depletions (dropouts) in the Earth's outer radiation belt during storm times: adiabatic expansion of electron drift shells due to a decrease in magnetic field strength, magnetopause shadowing and subsequent outward radial diffusion, and precipitation into the atmosphere (driven by EMIC wave scattering). Which mechanism predominates in causing electron dropouts commonly observed in the outer radiation belt is still debatable. In the present study, we evaluate the physical mechanism that may be primarily responsible for causing the sudden change in relativistic electron pitch angle distributions during a dropout event observed by Van Allen Probes during the main phase of the 27 February 2014 storm. During this event, the phase space density of ultrarelativistic (>1 MeV) electrons was depleted by more than 1 order of magnitude over the entire radial extent of the outer radiation belt (3 < L* < 5) in less than 6 h after the passage of an interplanetary shock. We model the electron pitch angle distribution under a compressed magnetic field topology based on actual solar wind conditions. Although these ultrarelativistic electrons exhibit highly anisotropic (peaked in 90°), energy‐dependent pitch angle distributions, which appear to be associated with the typical EMIC wave scattering, comparison of the modeled electron distribution to electron measurements indicates that drift shell splitting is responsible for this rapid change in electron pitch angle distributions. This further indicates that magnetopause loss is the predominant cause of the electron dropout right after the shock arrival.


Net primary productivity (NPP) can indicate vegetation ecosystem services ability and reflect variation response to climate change and human activities. This study applied MODIS-1 km NPP products to investigate the NPP variation from 2001 to 2006, a fast urban expansion and adjustment period in Guangzhou, China, and quantify the impacts of weather and land use/land cover (LULC) changes, respectively. The results showed that the NPP mean value increased at a rate of 11.6 g∙C∙m−2∙yr−1 during the initial three years and decreased at an accelerated rate of 31.0 g∙C∙m−2∙yr−1 during the final three years, resulting in a total NPP loss of approximately 167 × 106 g∙C. The spatiotemporal of NPP varied obviously in the central area, suburb and exurb of Guangzhou driven by three patterns of weather and LULC changes. By the interactive effects and the weather variation dominated effects, NPP of most areas changed slightly with dynamic index less than 5% of NPP mean value in the central area and the suburb. The LULC change dominated effects caused obvious NPP reduction, by more than 15% of the NPP mean value, which occurred in some areas of the suburb and extended to the exurb with the outward urban sprawl. Importantly, conversion from wood grassland, shrublands and even forests to croplands occupied by urban landscapes proved to be a main process in the conversion from high-NPP coverage to low-NPP coverage, thereby leading to the rapid degradation of urban carbon stock capacity in urban fringe areas. It is helpful for government to monitor urban ecological health and safety and make relevant policies.


Parents involvement is one of the most part for developing early childhood education program. This paper is aiming to see the parents involvement in early childhood education program on learning process through Reggio Emilia Approach. The readiness and the level of parents involvement will be the indicate that early childhood education program are high quality program. This study involved 10 early childhood school in Yogyakarta on kindergarten program. The Data of this study were drawn of observation, documentation, and interview. The result show that the participation of parents involved in lower level with passive activities that parents being on learning system. It shows that parents, teacher and children do not use "the three protagonist of education in learning program. The activities that shows in learning program only involve parents as pasif person, the came to school when the child having problem, any meeting, or counter part when field trip. With parents involvement in early childhood education program, the benefit that can be get not only but children, and program too.
Key words: high quality program, early childhood, reggio emilia approach, parents involvement.


Digital data are routed through a satellite in two disparate forms: through computational processors as 32 bits in parallel (a digital "word") with a relatively low speed clock rate of about 25 MHz and through intersatellite links as bits in series with a high speed clock rate of about 1 GHz. A high speed digital router spans clock rate gap by combining both classical digital and RF design disciplines. The router implements digital functions while incorporating RF effects. Digital functions include: merging words from multiple sources, converting the data from parallel words into serial bits, rate buffering to synchronize the data, optionally routing data through alternate paths such as cross strapping and/or routing the data to other units and maintaining extremely accurate timing synchronization (under 100 ps). RF effects include amplitude attenuation, rise/fall time degradation and impedance matching. This paper will describe the design of a high speed digital data router consisting of custom ICs and printed circuit boards. ICs implement the digital functions, provide RF signal amplification and source and load impedance matching. PCBs adjust clock and data timing using microstrip and stripline transmission lines matched in length to a few thousandths of an inch.


In order to investigate fault activity, a self-potential survey was made near the surface faults of the 1896 Rikuu earthquake (M=7.2) in the Tohoku district of Japan. These surface faults are reverse and dip east. The following characteristic changes of the self-potential were observed; (1) the self-potentials at the east side of the fault were about 20 to 50mV larger than those at the west side, (2) the positions of the step of the self-potential profiles across the fault deviate more east from the surface fault trace as the survey line goes down to the south. These anomalies are successfully explained by the electrokinetic processes due to the fluid flowing out from the fault using the observed geoelectric structure of the fault. It requires that the fluid pressure (above hydrostatic) at the fault is a few bars higher than that around it. The electrokinetic current, however, produces only 0.2 nT on the surface, whereas the observed geomagnetic anomaly amounts to over 100 nT above the fault. The large magnetic anomaly should have a different origin from that of the self-potential anomaly.


Transmission through potential barriers in bilayer graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides is shown to be valley asymmetric because of the low symmetry of the total Hamiltonian. In the total external reflection regime the transmission is 100% valley polarized in bilayer graphene and 100% spin and valley polarized in transition metal dichalcogenides, except for exponentially small corrections. The experimental requirements for using this effect to make valley and spin polarizers are described. Symmetry relations that may be useful for detecting valley polarization are given.


K-feldspar is one of the major mineral components of granitic rocks and a wide variety of metamorphic rocks. Its deformational behavior is important for establishing the overall rheology of continental crust. The creep strength is influenced by various factors such as mineral species, grain size and pores. Therefore control of these factors in polycrystalline minerals is essential for rheological experiments. In order to make dense polycrystalline orthoclase, we have carried out sintering experiments. We prepared submicron mineral powders from a single crystal of orthoclase (K 0.83Na0.17Al1.04Si2.96O8). As a result of Xray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, ZrO2 ( <5.65wt.%) which is considered to be contamination from a mill was detected. We formed cylindrical compacts from fine-grained mineral powders by uniaxial dry pressing at room temperature and pressure of 20MPa. Sintering was carried out using a tube furnace at temperature of 970 °C for 4 hours, achieving a vacuum condition of ∼4.1×10Pa. We also compared the sintered body with a sample sintered at atmospheric pressure using muffle furnace at the same temperature and the time. Sintered bodies were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and analyzed by XRF and X-ray diffraction (XRD). As the result of vacuum and atmospheric pressure sintering, we obtained sintered bodies with volume reduction of 52.2% and 44.5%, and porosity of 0.15 and 0.17, respectively. SEM images showed that densification process was advanced by both vacuum and atmospheric pressure sintering. We confirmed that crystal structures (Al/Si order-disorder) were not changed from compacts by XRD patterns. In this study, we found that dense submicron polycrystalline orthoclase can be made from fine-grained powders by either of vacuum and atmospheric pressure sintering, and confirmed that orthoclase does not cause order-disorder phase transition by a sintering for 4 hours.


Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs. It is the second leading cause of death in developing countries and remains a major global health challenge in both developed and developing countries. In several countries in Africa and Asia, screening for pulmonary tuberculosis is done through Ziehl-Neelsen sputum smear images due to cost-effectiveness. Manual detection is time-consuming and strenuous work leading to misdiagnosis and low detection rate. It takes 40 minutes to 3 hours to analyze even 40 to 100 view field images from a single slide to diagnose a patient as tuberculosis positive or negative. This paper presents a comparative analysis of various supervised and unsupervised segmentation methods for automated TB bacilli segmentation in sputum smear images. The objective of this comparison study was to determine suitable segmentation techniques for sputum images. The quality of the images obtained from the smear depends on various factors, such as the staining procedure and the type of microscope used. Hence, it is essential to apply image preprocessing techniques to eliminate such variability by standardizing the RGB components of the image. The pre-processing techniques were analyzed in detail and an effective pre-processed image was determined using image quality metrics analysis. The results of the proposed study indicate that the UNet segmentation technique is far superior in terms of accuracy of 0.99.


Some robotic tasks require an accurate control to follow the desired trajectory in the presence of unforeseen external disturbances and system parameters variations. In this case conventional control techniques such as PID must be constantly readjusted and a compromise solution must be adopted. This problem can be avoided using a learning process that automatically learns the appropriate control law and adapts to ongoing system variations. But a drawback of many learning systems is that they are not effective for non-toy problems. In this paper we present the results obtained with a categorization and learning algorithm able to perform efficient generalization of the observed situations, and learn accurate control policies in a short time without any previous knowledge of the plant.


Today we live in a culture of institutionalised public realm – it is not the grass-roots activity of the 1970s. However, Liza Fior, Katherine Clarke and Sophie Handler of muf architecture explain how the collaborative nature of the practice, both internally and in its approach to any project brief, defines how, today, a community is as strong as the questions it is prepared to ask of itself. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The outdoor display's after server is a hard work as all know. This article based on the company's service experience, discusses the outdoor display's after service from getting the repair requirements, organize the repairing, repairing and to getting the feedback from the clients in the return visit. Hope this article could provide the reference for the colleague worker..


The reduction of silver nitrate by algal cells was examined on various phyla and species. The patterns of reduction, especially in chromatophores, are essentially same as the Molisch reaction in chloroplasts of higer land plants. The living cells of Porphyra and Bangia., showed the most conspicuous reaction on the large stellate chromatophores. Some of other species also showed distinct reaction by the treatment with silver reagent. Paper chromatography was employed on the extracts of algal bodies to separate the constituents which cause the reduction. In all cases, except Spirogyra, the ascorbic acid (reduced form) was the unique agent which reduced silver nitrate. The quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid content by indophenol method resulted in the well-established relation between ascorbic acid content and the grade of the Molisch-reaction. It was made sure that silver reagent is available for the tentative detection of ascorbic acid in the living cells. It is also useful to distinguish the living from the dead cells in many algae.


The information indices of the interpretation quality evaluation are usually regarded as the most important basis for measuring the faithfulness of translation. The information units, namely, the units of measurement of the indices, are essentials of evaluation. Nevertheless, up to now, there has never appeared any systematic exposition concerning the identification as well as the definition of this kind of units. This paper will, on the strength of the exposition of the relevant subjects, discuss the information units of the interpretation quality evaluation in terms of the essence of interpretation, the distinction between the units of measurement and the units of translation, the definition of information units and the relationship between information units and discourse analysis. This paper, with the results of the theoretical research serving as an guidance for interpretation evaluation practice, attempts to explore a set of original evaluation methods which are to be objective, scientific, easy-to-handle and feasible.


Objective To compare the distribution differences of vagina Lactobacillus in patients with bacterial vaginosis,BV patients after antibiotic treatment and healthy women.Methods The vaginosis liquids of 124 women aged 19~65(including 40 cases with bacterial vaginosis and 23 cases treated with antibiotic) were isolated and analyzed to observe and count the bacteria.Results The rates and amount of Lactobacillus isolated from the vaginas of healthy women were significantly higher than that from women with bacterial vaginosis and those after being treated with antibiotic(P0.01).The predominant Lactobacillus colonizing in the vaginas of the healthy women were H2O2-positive Lactobacilli.The detection rate of H2O2-positive isolates in the vagina of healthy women was significantly higher than that of BV patients.Conclusion H2O2-positive Lactobacilli play an important role in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis,and is sensitive to many antibiotics.


The control of a manufacturing process can be carried out in a wireless networked environment. This allows for realistic real time control and simulation. This can be achieved through the declarative definition of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) components, the standardisation of CIM interfaces and the objectorientated approach to model development and data management. Control for Internet manufacturing can produce an efficient and effective solution for CIM processes. This approach allows a remote user to monitor and control CIM processes in real time over the Internet. A mechatronic design approach has been applied to the development of a CIM Internet control system, to optimise the overall function of a CIM system. The research described in this paper addresses the topics of advanced manufacturing technologies, specifically Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Modular Mechatronics. The primary concern is the development of an Internet controlled manufacturing environment, which utilises wireless network technology.


Drivian is a system that helps drivers save fuel and drive safer. The Drivian system gathers data from smartphone sensors, analysis it, and provides real-time feedback to the user on his driving style, in terms of security and economy. Also, Drivian alerts the driver for harsh acceleration, braking and cornering events. Moreover, the collected data is forwarded to a central location and used for tracking the driver evolution over time, record trips, extract statistical information, validate trips and develop new insights. Considering that each device produces a new tuple of sensor data every 60ms, with several thousand (or more) equipments online, the amount data to process and store in real-time presents a serious challenge. In this talk, we will portray and discuss the major design decisions for coping with the architectural drivers for the Drivian system.


The Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) has constructed and placed in operation a Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) using a 10 mA, 7 MeV proton beam incident on a beryllium target. The proton delivery system (PDS) consists of a 25 keV proton injector, an AccSys Technology, Inc. PL7 Linac [1] and a proton beamline (PBL) with non-linear beam spreading [2]. The accelerator and beamline equipment used in this construction are refurbished and upgraded components from the IUCF CIS/Cooler synchrotron [3] facility. After commissioning the beam current at 7 MeV will be 10 mA with a pulse width of up to 300 μs and > 1% duty factor. The PDS was constructed and commissioning started in 2004. First operating results will be described.


A multi-nodes monitor system which based on embedded and CAN bus technology was proposed in this paper.Firstly,the basic hardware structure was analyzed,the basic theory and the realize method of the modules are emphasized.The tested signals were illuminated and the ADC method was also discussed in this paper.According to the requirements of communication task,the CAN bus communication method was also discussed,including the software design and the constitutions of the data frames.Finally,experimental results show that this system is stable,lower cost and easy to expand.


The paper presents a methodology for analysing the landscape dynamics of Mediterranean rural areas using four tools: historical accounts, satellite remote sensing, multivariate regression and landscape indices. The first step involves in historical analysis to understand how human action has transformed the landscape. The second is the use of remote sensing and geographical information systems to obtain land cover and land use maps from the last decades. Due to the sensors used (Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and Thematic Mapper (TM)) two periods have been differentiated: 1977-1993 analysed with MSS images and 1991-1997 with TM images. In the third step driving forces of land cover and land use changes have been analysed by means of multivariate linear regression and logistic regression. Finally, the landscape evolution has been quantified through diverse indices extracted from Landscape Ecology.


Thyroidectomy was shown to prevent the development of the antimutagenic effect in rats exposed to microwaves. At the same time, exposure to the electromagnetic field decreased the mutagenic effect of excess thyroxin administered during irradiation.


Classification without supervision of patterns into groups is formally called clustering. Depending on the application area these patterns are called data lists, observations or vectors. For exploration geophysicists, these patterns are usually associated with seismic attributes, seismic waveforms or seismic facies. The main objective of this paper is to show how one of the most popular clustering algorithms - Kohonen self-organizing maps, can be applied to enhance seismic interpretation analysis associated with one and two-dimensional colormaps.


Morinda citrifolia L. is one of the most important traditional polynesian medicinal plant. This small evergreen tree is native of South Eastern Asia to Australia and now it has pantropical distribution all over the world. This plant has antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. During the present study, a preliminary study pertaining to hydro-alcoholic extraction of leaf extract of Morinda citrifolia was carried out since this method is more suitable in comparison to methanol or water extracts for clinical study. The hydro-alcoholic leaf extract was prepared by soxhlet extraction method and it was assessed with two antibiotics in-vitro using disc diffusion method against six different bacterial pathogens. In the antibacterial analysis, Staphylococcus aureus was found more susceptible followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis towards the hydro-alcohol extract. The Amoxyclav drug was found to be impotent in order to control the growth of all bacteria but Rifamycin had good control over the pathogens. Hydro-alcoholic extract was observed the suitable drug than the amoxyclav in the present study. The results revealed that plant extracts have inhibitory activity against the tested organisms.


Stokes curves of second order Fuchsian differential equations on the Riemann sphere with a large parameter form sphere graphs, which are called Stokes graphs. Topological classification of Stokes graphs are given for the case where equations have five regular singular points. It is proved that there are exactly 25 degree sequences of sphere triangulations associated with Stokes graphs under suitable generic conditions.


Objective: To investigate the distribution of patient with Modic changes in lumbar endplate and evaluate the relationship between Modic changes and several influence factors. Method: The T1-weight and T-2weight sagittal MRI scans of 210 patients who sustained sciatica were reviewed retrospectively. The patient's weight, gender, status of smoking, physical activity and specific type of Modic changes were recorded, and the association between Modic changes and those influence factors was analyzed. Result: Modic changes were observed in 47 patients (22.4%), including 16 males and 31 females. The most frequent lumbar spinal levels suffering Modic changes was L5/S1. Among all the patients, there were 16 type Ⅰ; 25 type Ⅱ; and 6 type Ⅲ. Modic changes occurred more often in obese patients than in normal and overweight patients (P<0.05). Patients whose job requires more labour were more apt to develop Modic change (P<0.05). Labour and weight were related to type Ⅲ Modic change (P>0.05) rather than other types (P>0.05). Smoking seems not correlated to the incidence of Modic changes (P>0.05). Conclusion: The sex, body weight and labour are associated with Modic change. Biomechanical factors may play a critical role in the incidence of Modic changes.


Subsequent to the accident at Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2), the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) produced an environmental impact statement relation to decontamination and disposal of radioactive waste resulting from the accident. This effort resulted, in part, in a memorandum of understanding with the US Department of Energy (DOE) that provided for transportation of the damaged TMI-2 core to a DOE facility for interim storage. With this authority, DOE and GPU Nuclear Corporation entered into a contract under which DOE agreed to accept the core debris in canisters for transport and storage, core examination, and preparation for final disposal. EG G Idaho, Inc. was selected by DOE to manage the TMI-2 program, including receipt of the core debris at TMI, transporting it to DOE's Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), and placing it into interim storage. The physical condition of the damaged core and the configuration of the TMI-2 plant for support of both reactor defueling and facility cleanup presented special requirements for core packaging, core transport packaging, and facility interfaces. Unique conditions and logistics at INEL also presented special requirements for receiving and storing the core material. This paper describes the planning activities, facility modifications and preparations, equipmentmore » procurement and installation, and coordination effort required to make the TMI-2 fuel shipping campaign a successful reality.« less


This thesis aims to explore possible meanings of socio-economic sustainability regarding jobs and income, relevant to a future beyond GNP growth, to there-from develop possible criteria for this, and to discuss possibilities for their operationalization in especially municipal planning. This was done with the help of a literature review of partially growth and degrowth, but primarily alternative perspectives on questions of work and income, through interviews with practising planners and analysis of planning documents from three municipalities. The proposed criteria are: Nobody experiencing poverty; provision of necessary services; everybody's opportunity to meaningful employment; and having power over one's own situation and time.


This paper exposes the results from a descriptive study of the visual search strategies performed by basketball referees with different level of experience. From a perceptive point of view, it is analyzed how the referees arbitrate five vs. five game situa- tions, attending to the positions in the court (trail and lead) and their responsibility areas. The study tried to improve the perfor- mance of the basketball referees in matches where two judges must to arbiter together. It also could be improve the learning processes of novice coaches. To reach this purpose, it is neces- sary to know the relevant information in five vs. five game si- tuations, in which areas the referees pay their attention for a good decision-making and the relationship with a successful performance. Finally, we will be able to know if the referees at- tend to the court areas that the FIBA manual establish as their responsibility.


Background Pediatric telerehabilitation has been quickly adopted by clinicians during the pandemic. This precipitated shift in the model of healthcare delivery is significant and compounded by clinicians' training and knowledge needs related to evidence-based practices. This instigated a knowledge translation initiative TelereHUB-CHILD—an online platform designed for clinicians, patients, and families. The aim of this brief report is to describe its development, including the roles of key stakeholders in these processes. Methods Following a systematic review on telerehabilitation, a series of co-creation activities with clinical (n = 24 rehabilitation professionals) and parent-partners (n = 4 parents of children with disabilities) were undertaken. Clinical partners were engaged in five web-activities. These were designed to gather their feedback regarding training and knowledge needs, present preliminary findings of the systematic review and explore their perceived importance and usefulness with respect to different sections of TelereHUB-CHILD, including Tele-treatments, Tele-Assessments, and Resources. Parent-partners were engaged asynchronously to provide feedback on the content and presentation of the Patient/Family Information section. Results Clinical partners reported moderate-high usefulness and importance with each section of the tool and the presented features. As per partners' feedback, the Tele-treatments section provides standardized summaries outlining the effectiveness of the tele-treatment approach and the level of the evidence for each outcome of interest, according to the different diagnosis groups and professional discipline. For patients/family, common questions and answers can be explored in three user-friendly formats, including printable learning briefs, onsite accordions, and animation videos. The Tele-assessments section outlines existing measures by professional discipline. Resources offer preparatory forms for families and clinicians, questionnaires, and other learning material. Conclusion TelereHUB-CHILD was co-developed with key stakeholders. It can guide telerehabilitation evidence-based practices, empower patients and families, and pinpoint research and practice gaps.


Objective:To transform the human anti-sense cortical actin-associated protein(cortactin)gene into hepatocarcinoma(HCC) cells,then study the expression of this gene in the cells and the impact of the gene to the cells and HCC metastasis. Methods:Total RNA was extracted by using TRIZOL one-step method from highly metastatic cell line MHCC97.CDNA was amplified by using reversal transcriptional polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Product of PCR,amplified by transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α,was inserted reversely into the eukaryotic expression vector after digestion and ligation by using restriction endonucleases and ligase.The correct eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0/cortactin and the empty vector pcDNA3.0 were thansfected into MHCC97 with liposome respectively. The cells MHCC97,MHCC97/vect,MHCC97/vect-cortactin(+) were cultured amplificationally,then studied on the impact in HCC cells metastasis by using western-blotting,cell growth curve and transwell chambers culture respectively. Results:The correct cortactin cDNA clone was obtained and it was confirmed that cortactin cDNA was inserted reversely into the eukaryotic expression vector correctly by using PCR,digestion identification and sequencing.Cell growth curves indicated that the cells MHCC97/vect-cortactin(+) had the same curve as that of the cells MHCC97 and MHCC97/vect.Western-blotting indicated that the cortactin in the cells MHCC97/vect-cortactin(+) expressed much lower than that in the cells MHCC97/vect and MHCC97.Transwell chambers culture indicated the quantity of traversed membrane cells of MHCC97/vect-cortactin(+) was much less than that of the cells MHCC97/vect and MHCC97 respectively. Conclusion:The antisense cortactin gene transfected into the MHCC97 cells could inhibit the HCC cells intensively from expressing cortactin and the ability of invasion and metastasis through the levels of protein and cell,but didn't impact the HCC cell growth.