Ensuring information security is considered as one of the priority state tasks, as an important element of national security. The development of state information policy in Ukraine should foresee the fact that all problems related to information security (formation of information legislation, counteraction to threats in the information sphere, counteraction to information conflicts, information wars, development of legal means and protection organizational measures against information wars), must be resolved holistically. The aim of the article: to investigate the principles of realization of the state request for information security. The research methodology: the methods of logical comparison, systematization and generalization, which made it possible to achieve the goal of the study. The importance of developing an appropriate, consistent state information policy aimed at obtaining a qualitatively new result in the field of information security of a person, society and the state, which would meet the state and trends of the global information society and generally accepted international and European standards in this field of interest, has been outlined. State information policy should be implemented in stages based on the use of organizational, legal and economic principles. At the first stage of the state information policy realization it is necessary to consistently reform information production in the system of state power and management as a whole, at the second - to transform the available information resources gradually into real material and spiritual benefits for the population of the country.


"Eki hunnuŋ mendizi-bile, ergim oŋnuk!" - these are the words that meet visitors on the first Internet site completely made in the Tuvan language: http://orlan.tuva.ru that started in 2009. Its author - a well-known Tuvan TV reporter Orlan Damba-Huurak - represents his brainchild to the readers of our magazine.


According to the advantage of Dempster-Shafer(D-S)evidence theory in information fusion,evidential reasoning(ER)and support vector regression(SVR)prediction theory are combined to build a combination forecasting model,and combination forecasting algorithm based on ER is presented.This approach can overcome the weaknesses of conventional single prediction methods,such as the low precision and limitation in application.Gyroscopic drift as an example is used to realize combination forecasting.Finally,the result proves that the forecast model and combination forecasting algorithm based on ER are feasible and effective.


AM1 and BP artificial neural network were employed to study the pregnancy\|terminating activity of 3,5-diaryl\|s\|triazoles. They suggested that the hydrophobic bond and the charge\|transfer complex were primary factor influenced activity. Van der Waals Volume, dipole moment, E HOMO , E LUMO , charge of N atom in the triazole, logP were used to construct BP network, which predicted the activity with satisfactory results.


Access to university studies for adult persons is the mater of the present research. Authors have evaluated the 'Initiation and Guidance Course' issued by the University of Seville for students aged plus than 25 years who have passed admittance exams. This evaluation research have been focused in the development of the course as well as in its outcomes in order to state some course's improvement propositions.


tidal crabbers is greatest 1 to 2 h before the low tide. This corresponds to the period when crabs are most readily observable. From the data collected at Mission Beach and aerial survey counts of other Puget Sound beaches, I estimated that about 20,000 crabbers utilized intertidal beaches from April through August 1974. The intertidal Dungeness crab sport fishery is, however, fairly small compared with other marine sport fisheries in Puget Sound.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is as follows. First, the study tried to analyze the moderating effects of social distance and source expertise that is predicted to bring differences to brand attitude created through e-WOM. And second, tried to analyze the influence of brand attitude on purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology: The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Before testing the hypothesis, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the construct validity of measurement items. Hypothesis about interaction effects between variables was verified using ANOVA and hypothesis about effects of brand attitude on purchase intentions was verified through regression analysis. Results: The result of this study is as follows. First, there was significance in the verification of interaction effects between direction of e-WOM and social distance. Second, there was also significance in the verification of interaction effects between direction of e-WOM and source expertise. Thus it can be said that brand attitude formed through e-WOM can defer according to social distance and source expertise. Third, it was confirmed that brand attitude had a positive (+) effect on purchase intentions. Conclusions: The implications of this study are as follows. Many studies regarding e-WOM focused on and studied direction of word-of-mouth messages and the characteristics of the messages themselves. However this study focuses on source related variables and verified that elements such as social distance and source expertise can bring differences in brand attitude. Also it was confirmed that variables related to source expertise is an important variable that can bring differences to brand attitude creation.


INVESTIGATION OF SULPHUR CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN GROUNDWATER USING DIFFERENTIAL ION MOBILITY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY Jadwiga Lyczko Advisor: University of Guelph, 2013 Dr. Wojciech Gabryelski Groundwater aquifers are the largest source of drinking water for human population. Current available information of the quality of groundwater is quite limited mainly due to the lack of comprehensive analysis of groundwater and the challenging task of applying any analytical method in its investigation. In this thesis, a new method based on "soft" mass spectrometry and differential ion mobility (FAIMS) was developed to discover previously unknown sulphur-containing contaminants in groundwater in Ontario. Following this discovery, de novo identification of these contaminants was accomplished by determining their elemental composition based on mass measurements and their chemical structures from unique dissociation patterns. The compounds characterized in this study were found to be thiotetronic acids which are structurally related to synthetic and natural antibacterial agents such as the natural antibiotics thiolactomycin and thiotetramycin, allowing for speculation as to their potential beneficial properties. Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Wojciech Gabryelski for his tremendous help in my research. Without Dr. Gabryelski's input, much of this work would not be possible. Thank you for your words of encouragement, your patience and understanding. I would also like to thank my fellow colleague Dr. Daniel Beach for taking the time and showing me the ropes as well as for his support and advice. Finally I would like to thank Dr. Richard Manderville and Dr. Mario Monteiro, who served on my advisory committee, for their guidance and generous time.


Image search with local descriptors represents an image usually by embedding and aggregating a set of patch descriptors into a single vector. Standard aggregation operations include sum and weighted aggregations. While showing high efficiency, sum aggregation lacks discriminative power. In contrast, weighted aggregation shows promising retrieval performance but suffers extremely high time cost. In this paper, we present a general mixed aggregation method that unifies sum and weighted aggregation methods. Owing to its general formulation, our method is able to balance the trade-off between quality and speed. Furthermore, we propose to compute multiple weighting coefficients rather than one for each to be aggregated vector by partitioning it into several components. Experimental results demonstrate that, while showing over ten times speedup over baselines, the image search frameworks with our mixed aggregation method achieve the state-of-the-art performance. Inspired by our aggregation method, we also present a new embedding strategy. Different from the existing embedding methods that individually map each descriptor into a single embedded vector, our embedding method maps a group of local descriptors into a single vector, which significantly benefits the aggregation step in terms of speed. As demonstrated by the experiments, the retrieval frameworks with our embedding method are more than fifty times faster than baselines, while maintaining competitive retrieval performance.


Many scholars claimed that due to maintenance, high reconstruction and construction costs in Malaysia, LCC shows an important role in estimating the cost of rigid pavement. Because of the government's expenditure and high budget allocation on pavement rehabilitation and maintenance work in Malaysia, choosing the most cost-effective pavement maintenance, maximizing the budget allocation and rehabilitation alternatives is essential for transportation agencies. A useful technique LCC of economic analysis that measures the different solutions of cost-effectiveness to rehabilitation and maintenance within the same category of roads. To generate a broad and accurate LCC output, however, it is necessary to ensure that the value information inputs are ready and of sufficient quality to use in the estimation of the LCC. This article shows the findings of Malaysia's systematic literature review inputs for LCC cost information study of dynamic pavement rehabilitation and maintenance. The literature study results showed that the greater part of key players in the construction industry are aware of the need for LCC analysis in the rigid rehabilitation and maintenance of the pavement. In Malaysia the LCC current state system of rigid pavement rehabilitation and maintenance, however, is still in its not only infancy stage but also is not ready for the difficulties to be implemented in achieving quality cost data to generate a reliable and comprehensive analysis of life cycle cost. The present findings of the paper which provide information on cost data current state inputs in the construction industry from the LCC analysis of rigid pavement rehabilitation and maintenance.


From the Publisher:
SQL/400 Developer's Guide provides start-to-finish coverage of SQL/400, IBM's strategic language for the AS/400's integrated database. This essential text provides comprehensive explanations and numerous examples to help you: Create new databases, tables, views, and indexes with SQL/400. Define primary key, unique, foreign key, and check constraints to enforce data integrity. Master the Select, Update, Insert, and Delete statements from an introductory level to complex queries and transactions. Use advanced SQL features such as user-defined data types, user-defined functions, and stored procedures to speed application development. Protect transaction integrity using DB2 UDB/400 commitment control. Exploit SQL/400 extensions to increase database performance. Implement applications following "best practices" for efficiency and maintainability. Code easy-to-maintain trigger programs. Enforce tight, but flexible, security to protect data. Use Distributed Relational Database Architecture to retrieve and update data on distributed AS/400s. Model and design databases using entity relationship diagrams. With this book, you'll be able to design and create professional-level databases for production applications. Paul Conte and Mike Cravitz are leading DB2 UDB/400 authorities with extensive application development experience. They've joined forces to create a book that will help new, as well as experienced, AS/400 developers design and code with speed and confidence. Along with in-depth instruction and advice on implementation, the book includes an excellent introduction to practical database design techniques. You get a clear explanation of the relational database model, which underlies the whole DB2 UDB/400 architecture and the SQL language. On that foundation, the book explains a step-by-step method of modeling an organization's database requirements and developing a design for the necessary database tables and views. This text is designed for professional application developers and college-level students who want to become developers. All the essential SQL/400 and related DB2 UDB/400 topics are covered from an introductory to an advanced level. Each chapter has numerous examples and exercises, including two complete RPG IV and ILE COBOL/400 sample programs that illustrate all the major programming techniques necessary for a production SQL/400 application. Extensive appendices provide quick references on SQL/400 statements and database-related Command Language commands. You'll find SQL/400 Developer's Guide immediately useful, whether you're just beginning to learn SQL/400 or you're an experienced developer. And you'll turn to this book time and time again for quick answers to the best way to design and program AS/400 database applications.
From the Authors: Structured Query Language/400 is IBM's strategic language for defining and manipulating DB2 UDB for AS/400 databases. IBM has recently stated that the proprietary Data Description Specifications and built-in RPG and COBOL I/O extensions are not being enhanced to support new database features. That means if you plan to take full advantage of the AS/400 integrated database, you need to know SQL. And, if you plan to use Java, you need to know SQL because JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) uses SQL to access the AS/400 database. Finally, if you plan to keep your application programming skills current, you need to know SQL because it's the database language used on all major platforms. This book provides a comprehensive explanation of SQL/400 to students and practicing programmers. Once you master the topics covered in SQL/400 Developer's Guide, you'll be able to design and create professional level databases for real applications. This book also provides developers with extensive advice on database design, as well as programming. We cover SQL data definition language (DDL) and data manipulation (DML) in detail. But we go beyond that to explain essential areas such as security, transaction integrity (commitment control), object and row locking, stored procedures, and trigger programs. The book includes numerous examples, tables, appendices, and detailed technical explanations so in most cases, you won't need any AS/400 manual to create, manage, and use UDB/400 tables and other objects. This edition is based on Version 4 Release 5 of UDB/400, RPG IV, and ILE COBOL/400. This is an ideal book for programmers coming from other database platforms, such as Oracle, Microsoft's SQL Server 2000, or other versions of DB2 UDB (e.g., on IBM mainframes). If that's your situation, you should be able to blast through most of the chapters and get a very rapid start with UDB/400.


In this article we have examined the controllability of the quasi-linear heat equation. We considered distributed controls with support in a small sub-domain. We assumed that the quasi-linear terms are locally Lipschitz. We have proved that there exists a control that drives to desired state within a finite time. Our main objective was to determine the existence, uniquiness and regularity of solutions of controllability of a quasi-linear heat equation.


This paper presents initial findings related to the dissertation study by the author. The problem addressed is the observed low levels of compliance with federal policy on Web site accessibility. The study examines the two key federal policies that promote Web site accessibility, using a side-by-side policy analysis technique. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 together have the intent of establishing a legal mandate for equality regarding accessibility. In comparing key aspects of these two policies, the findings indicate several areas were the policies were inconsistent or unclear in providing guidance on attaining accessible Web sites. Recommendations call for the establishment of federal programs that would provide federal Web managers with additional training in Web site accessibility, and provide support for ongoing research towards developing guidance and tools that would serve to promote more accessible Web sites.


We test the bootstrap approach for determining the spectrum of one dimensional Hamiltonians. In this paper we focus on problems that have a two parameter search space in the bootstrap approach: the double well and a periodic potential associated with the Mathieu equation. For the double well, we compare the bootstrapped energies with contributions from perturbative and non-perturbative results, finding good agreement. For the periodic potentials, we notice that the bootstrap approach gives the band structure of the periodic potential, but it has trouble finding the quasi-momentum of the system. To make further progress on determining the dispersion relation of the bands, new techniques are needed.


Background: Escherichia coli ST131 is a multidrug pandemic clone causing serious infections particularly in humans. We investigate the colonization status and prevalence of E. coli ST131 and its subclones H30 and H30Rx on collections of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates (EPE) obtained from healthy animal and human carriers and community and nosocomial human infections.


E-commerce transactions have increased during the pandemic as people living in urban areas turn to buy goods online rather than offline. A two-echelon distribution system using parcel mobile hubs (PMHs) with small vehicles can increase operational cost efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The originality of this study is in building and testing a conceptual framework for selecting PMH locations with three variables (parcel distribution, internet quota for e-commerce, and center of e-buyer) and two constraints (space availability and traffic flow). Spatial analysis is used as a method to test the conceptual framework with a parcel distribution database from Bandung. As a city whose profile represents urban areas in developing countries well, Bandung is chosen as a case study. The proportion of distance to variables and the outermost point of each cluster is less than 10%, which proves that the three variables are correlated. This study proves that the selection of PMH locations based on this conceptual framework results in better sustainable performance compared to existing conditions. Using PMHs combined with city freighters can reduce operational costs by 19.7% and prevent 3.4 tons of CO2 emissions per year with conventional motorcycles and 7.2 tons of CO2 emissions per year with electric motorcycles or scooters.


Background The incidence and prevalence of urinary stone are increasing throughout the world. Compared with the past, urolithiasis compositions by patient demographics are strikingly different. Furthermore, recent clinical studies implied that seasonal cyclicity might influence the distribution of stone composition. Methods We sought to determine the trends in pathogenesis of urolithiasis based on urinary stone analyses. A total of 2,383 eligible urinary stone samples from different patients between 2002 and 2014 in our center were collected. Infrared spectroscopy was used for urinary calculi analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship of urinary calculi composition and calendar month (season), gender and age in North China during the past 13 years. Results Calcium containing calculi were the most frequent with an overall incidence of 84.1%. Calcium phosphate (CaP) or magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) stones were more frequent in females, while monohydrate calcium oxalate (COM), dihydrate calcium oxalate (COD) or uric acid (UA) stones were more common in males. Older individuals were associated with an increased risk of UA stones and a decreased risk of COD, CaP or cystine stones. Additionally, from 2002 to 2014, the frequency of COD and MAP stone increased, whereas the trend of CaP, UA and cystine stones decreased. However, calendar month (season) was not significantly associated with differences in composition. Conclusions This study provides a picture of the present distribution of urolithiasis compositions in China. From 2002 to 2014, age and gender were significantly associated with stone composition, whereas calendar month not.


One-step MR angiography and urography in the evaluation of potential renal living donors. Objectives. To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of renal MR- angiography (MRA) and MR- urography (MRU) in the assessment of normal anatomy and renal vascular pathology in potential renal living donors compared with surgical findings. Materials and Methods. Evaluation of 55 potential living donors performing one-step MR angiography and MR urog- raphy in a 1.5 T magnet. MRA evaluated the presence of anatomic variants or arterial or venous pathologic conditions. MRU depicted renal parenchyma anatomy and collector sys- tem. These results were compared with surgical findings. Results. MRA and MRU findings were actually compared with surgical findings in 42 effective donors. MRA specifici- ty was 94 % and diagnostic accuracy was 93 %. Anatomic variants and arterial structural abnormalities were detected in 29 % of patients. Venous and excretory surgical findings were consistent in 100 % of cases. Conclusion. One-step MRA and MRU constitutes an accurate method for pre-operative assessment of renovascu- lar and excretory anatomy in potential living donors. Keywords. Angiography. Living donor. MR. Renal arter- ies. Urography.


Summary: l4C‐phenytoin or 3H‐phenobarbital were given through indwelling jugular catheters to 65 rats. Anticonvulsant activity was tested by the maximal electroshock seizure test and was correlated with brain concentrations of phenytoin or phenobarbital. Free and total plasma drug levels were determined by equilibrium dialysis. The median effective cerebral phenytoin concentration (EC50) was 10.5 μM/kg (95% fiducial limits, 8.2 to 12.4) 3 min after infusion compared with 10.2 μM/kg 30 min after infusion. The EC50 of phenobarbital was 8.2 μM/kg (6.7 to 9.3 μM/kg) 3 min after infusion. Cerebellar concentrations were equivalent to cerebral concentrations for all rats (r= 0.98). Three minutes after infusion, cerebral:plasma free ratio of phenytoin was 3.73 ± 0.71 (± S.D.); the plasma protein bound:free ratio, 3.70 ± 0.98. For phenobarbital, the cerebral:plasma free ratio was 0.72 ± 0.10; the plasma protein bound:free ratio, 0.63 ± 0.12. Since the EC50 values of phenytoin 3 or 30 min after infusion did not differ, onset of anticonvulsant effect clearly occurred as soon as adequate brain concentrations were attained. Phenobarbital was effective 3 min after infusion, and although much higher free plasma levels were necessary, effective brain concentrations were similar to those of phenytoin. Brain content paralleled plasma protein binding, both being high for phenytoin and low for phenobarbital.


Sex differences and similarities in first consensual intercourse experience were examined in a sample of Canadian university students and contrasted with the expectations reported by fellow students who had not had intercourse. Among experienced students men and women did not differ on most measures used to assess pre-intercourse discussion circumstances of first intercourse and feelings and outcomes thereafter. Although women unlike men commonly experienced pain at first intercourse (52%) and infrequently reported orgasm (11%) or physical satisfaction (34%) they did not differ from men in emotional satisfaction or overall rating of the experience. Women and men who had not had intercourse generally had similar expectations concerning topics that would be discussed before first intercourse but differed considerably in their expectation of pain and orgasm. The findings are discussed in relation to their implications for sexuality education and for a broader understanding of some ongoing gender differences in sexuality. (authors)


In this paper new algorithms are given for Gaussian integer division and the calculation of the greatest common divisor of two Gaussian integers. Empirical tests show that the new gcd algorithm is up to 5.39 times as fast as a Euclidean algorithm using the new division algorithm.


A difficultly which must be addressed by inductive logical programming (ILP) systems is how to deal with the enormous space of plausible solutions. The majority of modern ILP systems approach this problem through the meta-learning paradigm , that is, only consider plausible solutions which are constructable from a set of clause templates . This approach has been adopted by investigations into neuro-symbolic ILP. Our investigation uses clause templates together with a variant of δILP , to expand the hypothesis space, rather than contract it. Our experiments support the following hypothesis: providing gradient descent with a larger solution space aids the discovery of explanatory hypotheses.


Conacyt has an important relationship with Mexican Science, this organization signals the initiatives that encourage the scientific sector therefore its necessary to study this organization. In this paper is proposed to analyze since discourse-power from the theoretical framework of Foucault making a contrast between the government ended in 2018 and which started in december 2018. The focus will be the value of Conacyt in the Science to relate the theory and method and main discourses in both of them governments. Already with this information will be analyzed discourses and power relations.


This article proposes programmed-teaching with psychological training according to teaching experiment of male-student's volleyball smashing skill in Qiqihar Junior Normal College,which conforms beginner's study and psychological factor characteristic in learning process in favour of improving smashing skill level and accuracy,on the base of which teacher should pay attention to some questions such as demonstration,explanation,guidance,appraisal and so on.


Jonathan Rosa's Looking like a language, sounding like a race: Raciolinguistic ideologies and the learning of Latinidad might be one of the most powerful books written on race and language of the past few decades, which I do not state with any intended hyperbole, but in a matter-of-fact consideration of how the book ambitiously accomplishes what it sets out to do. Rather than juggling existing ideological tropes of how to understand and study race in relation to language, Rosa makes use of a 'raciolinguistic perspective' that he co-formulated with Nelson Flores, which in turn is in conversation with an intergenerational constellation of sociolinguists and linguistic anthropologists deeply concerned with coloniality and processes of racialization (Alim, Reyes, & Kroskrity 2020). Building upon decades of research and theorizing (i.e. specifically Miyako Inoue's theory of the listening subject and Michael Silverstein's analytics, as well as Bonnie Urciuoli and Ana Celia Zentella's considerations of how race maps from biology to language), Rosa broadly interrogates 'spectrum-based racial logics'. He reconsiders how the relation of race to language can better be understood through interrogating how contemporary and historical power formations 'organize processes of phenotypic homogenization and differentiation' (3). Rosa encourages us to move from studying 'already constituted bodies and language practices of racialized subjects' to the 'conditions of possibility for the interpretive practices of racially hegemonic perceiving subjects' (6). Thus, while the book is concerned with Latinx youth attending a high school in Chicago, Rosa's project holds broader implications for how we pursue and what we imagine as research on race and language. In his introduction ('Introduction: Making Latinx identities and managing American anxieties'), Rosa situates the book with a theoretical rumination on a series of stories that were run in the Chicago-Sun Times on 'How young Hispanics are reshaping the region' (i.e. 'Nuevo Chicago'). He locates how Latinx youth moved from being understood in one moment as successfully 'weaving together


The preparation technology for a new plant-based and eco-friendly rubber oil was studied, the prepared rubber oil was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,the physical and chemical properties of the rubber oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAHs) hazardous substance were also detected. The results showed that the optimal conditions for preparation of plant-based and eco-friendly rubber oil were as follows: the mole ratio of alcohol to acid 2 /1,reaction temperature 180 ℃ and the mass fraction of catalyst 1. 5%. The rubber oil was phthalate easter and no PAHs were detected in it,it was a new plant-based and eco-friendly rubber oil.


The article researches the problems related to the improvement of the efficiency of developing a system of activity based cost accounting and analysis at an enterprise based on a number of important factors. The first factor involves the organization of the accurate accounting of the most significant costs. The ABC model on the basis of the key costs will simplify the development of the system of cost accounting and make it possible to quickly modify its configuration in line with changes in economic and production environment conditions. The next factor implies the strict separation between the methods of analysis and modeling applied within the framework of a process management system and a system of activity based cost accounting and analysis. It helps to eliminate the errors connected with using wrong data as an information base for accounting. The third factor is using the data generated by information systems of an enterprise to calculate costs. The authors identify the information necessary to organize the activity based costing and determine within which kind of the information systems (ERP-system, EAM-system, etc.) it is formed. The use of this information will allow the enterprise to automate the cost calculation procedure and eliminate the additional work of data collection. The results of the analysis of these factors are the recommendations formulated by the authors to improve the efficiency of creation of activity based cost accounting and analysis system at an enterprise.


The Weinberg–Salam Standard Model (SM) is investigated in the framework of the Dirac Hamiltonian method with explicit resolving the Gauss constraints in order to eliminate variables with zero momenta and negative energy contribution in accordance with the vacuum postulate. This elimination leads to static interactions in a frame of reference to initial data. We list a set of observational and theoretical arguments in favor of that these static interactions in SM are not the "gauge" artefact and physical results depend on the initial data as measurable parameters of the frame transformations in contrast to unmeasurable parameters of gauge transformations. We show that the vacuum postulate leads to a new possibility of spontaneous symmetry breaking in SM in the spirit of the Gell-Mann– Oakes–Renner mechanism well known from QCD. This GMOR mechanism provokes masses of vector and spinor fields without the Higgs potential.


Using a state-space system, I forecasted the US Treasury yields by employing frequentist and Bayesian methods after first decomposing the yields of varying maturities into its unobserved term structure factors. Then, I exploited the structure of the state-space model to forecast the Treasury yields, and compared the forecast performance of each model using the metric - mean squared forecast error, as the loss function. Among the frequentist methods, I applied the two-step Diebold-Li, two-step principal components, and one-step Kalman filter approaches. Likewise, I imposed the five different priors in Bayesian VARs -Diffuse, Minnesota, natural conjugate, independent normal inverse-Wishart, and the stochastic search variable selection priors. After forecasting the Treasury yields for 9 different forecast horizons, I found that the BVAR with Minnesota prior generally minimizes the loss function. I augmented the above BVARs by including macroeconomic variables and constructed impulse response functions with a recursive ordering identification scheme. Finally, I fitted a sign-restricted BVAR with dummy observations.


The liaison between science and management, which has made terms such as linear programming and statistical decision theory part of the business vocabulary, is now being extended in this country and abroad to open new horizons for business and the scientist. Here is a quick roundup of developments to date and a look into the future.


The Lysin-8-Vasopressin test has been experimented in ten healthy subjects during normocaloric balanced diet and after hyperproteic-normocaloric diet. The levels of ACTH, Cortisol and GH are significantly more elevated after hyperproteic-normocaloric diet than in basal conditions. The levels of Prolactin do not show any remarkable change. These results can indicate the increased reactivity of the diencephalon-hypophysis-adrenal axis and of the hormones connected with the mechanisms of homeostasis and stress, probably correlated to more disposable proteic material and to the metabolic effects which follow.


Based on the data from 24 water spots during the investigation of five islands in south of Changdao County,taking 13 factors,by using single-index assessment method and composite assessment method,environmental quality of groundwater has been evaluated in this paper. It is showed that Cl-,NO-3,NO-2,total hardness and TDS exceeded the criterion badly. The overall level of groundwater quality is bad.


Kaon yields measured in nucleus–nucleus collisions can be affected by the decays of φ(1020) mesons into hadronic channel. In this contribution we report on the study of φ meson production in Al+Al collisions at 1.9AGeV. The measurement was done at SIS18 (GSI Darmstadt) with the FOPI Spectrometer. The fraction of the K− yield originating from φ decay was found to be (10± 5)% in rough agreement with recent HADES measurements for Ar+KCl system.


This article reports research findings on secondary thermally induced hardening observed in the course of tempering low-carbon pearlite welding steels 15Kh2NMFA and 10NG2MFA, which find applications in fabrication of power machinery parts, and the relationship to tempering stability and to the level of resistance offered by the steel to brittle failure characterized by the critical brittle transition temperature, and also the relationship between these characteristics and the phase composition of the steel. The steel under investigation was made in a basic-lined electric arc furnace, and, using a duplexing process, in basiclined and acid-lined open-hearth furnaces. In addition to conventionally made metal, studies were undertaken of metal subjected to electroslag remelting (ESR) and vacuum-arc remelting (VAR).


Slightly acid-treated potato starch (ATS) granules were conjugated with e-poly(L-lysine) (PL) by using the Maillard reaction. Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining indicated the conjugation of PL to ATS. The PL content of the ATS-PL conjugate was estimated to be in the rage of about 1.7-2.5%. Conjugation with PL increased the gelatinization temperature, and reduced the swelling, solubility, retrogradation, and digestibility with α- or β-amylase. The ATS-PL conjugate exhibited 1/4-1/2 lower antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida utilis than free PL did.


Climate Change, CO 2 emissions, sustainable development, energy balance - in many companies appeared the topic ecology on top of their agenda, at least before the beginning of the global depression. Despite of the recent recession, this mindset should not begin to sway in favour of short-term economics of road transport. For it is still the same: Transportation of goods from one place to another causes a lot of polluting environmental impacts. Together with some partners, the Swiss rail freight provider SBB Cargo designed an internet tool, that identifies and compares the environmental impacts of different modes of transport within Europe.


lit the personality of the individual&dquo; (Parsons, 1964)6 and this structure constitutes a decisive t ,ict<ir in the conditioning of depression, it seems justified to investigate the possibility that a relation exists between social class background and the patterning of depressive behaviour. The aim of the present paper was to explore the impact on the depressive spectrum of the soooeconomic status in a group of depressed patients.


This study examined the market structures, performance, and strategies of over 1000 industrial businesses to determine whether and to what extent product life cycle forces were at work. The findings indicated that the growth rates of industrial product-markets are but one aspect of the product life cycle. Other variables exhibiting life cycle behavior included market innovation, market concentration, competitive entry, and spending on R & D and marketing.


If people simply trash their used products, they would face many issues such as pollution to environment and resource waste. Recycling and remanufacturing used products are thus necessary, which makes the study of disassembly line balancing problems important. At present, manual disassembly is popular and it does not guarantee personal safety in the event of dangerous disassembly parts. Targeting at this problem, a mixed human-robot disassembly method is proposed. An improved Q-learning algorithm based on reinforcement learning is used to solve the two-sided disassembly line balancing problem with the objective of minimizing total disassembly time. The improved algorithm is compared with the SARSA algorithm. The results show that it can find better solutions than SARSA, and outperforms SARSA particularly in large-scale cases.


For this study, single-crystal and polycrystalline diamond films with different boron contents were synthesized in a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus to evaluate the mechanical properties of these films. Boron was added to the diamond by introducing B(CH3)3 :trimethyl boron diluted to 1000 ppm with hydrogen into the diamond-synthesis atmosphere. The synthesized diamond film's crystallinity was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. The Hertz fracture strength was measured using a diamond-ball indenter. Furthermore, the wear resistance of the film was evaluated using a wear testing machine.The results indicate that the crystallinity of the single-crystal diamond film increased concomitantly with increasing boron content. Furthermore, the Hertz fracture strength increased by 20% with the addition of boron. Results clarified that the wear volume of polycrystalline diamond film decreased to approximately one-third its usual value by the addition of boron. These results show that the mechanical properties of boron-doped diamond films can be improved considerably by adding an appropriate amount of boron.


The paper gives development and characteristic of Warm Flow Compaction (WFC). WFC features the characteristics of shaping complex parts, high density and uniformity of parts, simple processing techniques as well as lower cost. It is also pointed out that WFC forming technology of powder metallurgy set up new developing direction to advance making technology which is low cost, short flow for high capabi-lity and complex-precision parts. It is becoming a new technology with a high applicable prospect.


We demonstrate the complete filling of both deionized water (DI water) and liquid metal (EGaIn) into closed-end microchannels driven by a constant pressure at the inlet. A mathematical model based on gas diffusion through porous PDMS wall is developed to unveil the physical mechanism in the filling process. The proposed theoretical analysis based on our model agrees well with the experimental observations. We also successfully generate traveling surface acoustic waves by actuating interdigitated microchannels filled with EGaIn. Our work will bring significant insights in the fabrication of liquid electrodes for various microfluidic lab-on-a-chip applications.


Reactive extrusion of a precursor polymer and a diamine cross-linker leads to reprocessable vinylogous urethane polyethylene vitrimers with desired rheological properties.


Background: India has the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden in the world. The directly observed treatment strategy is the most systemic and cost-effective approach to the disease. Furthermore, understanding the reasons for treatment outcome is important for the improvement of treatment systems. The objective was to study the treatment outcome of retreatment tuberculosis patients under RNTCP in eastern UP. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was undertaken among total 205 patients registered in category II under DOTS from June 2015 to May 2016. These patients were followed up to November 2016 till the completion of treatment. At the end of study period, treatment outcomes were analysed. The chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significance of each ratio. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 205 re-treatment patients, 174 (84.4%) had pulmonary tuberculosis while 31 (15.1%) had extra-pulmonary TB. In the cohort of category II patients 93 (45.3%) were relapse, 58 (28.2%) belonged to others category, 31 (15.1%) were treatment after loss to follow-up and 23 (11.2%) were on treatment after failure. Maximum patients were male 133 (64.8%) and most of the patients were belonged to the age group of 20-40 years. Among retreatment cases the cure rate for relapse, treatment after failure, treatment after loss to follow-up and others cases were 74.1%, 60.8%, 35.4% and 55.1% respectively. Conclusions: The relapse cases were the most commonly found in the re-treatment category however these patients were more likely to be cured with the category II regimen and treatment after loss to follow-up had high risk of retreatment failure. Continuous monitoring, adherence and treatment completion are essential for controlling the need of retreatment as well as improvement of tuberculosis control programme.


Let $\Omega$ be a set of positive integers and let $S:\Omega \rightarrow \Omega$ be an arithmetic function. Let $V = (v_i)_{i=1}^n$ be a finite sequence of positive integers. An integer $m \in \Omega$ has \textit{increasing-decreasing pattern} $V$ with respect to $S$ if, for all odd integers $i \in \{1,\ldots, n\}$, \[ S^{v_1+ \cdots + v_{i-1}}(m)<S^{v_1+ \cdots + v_{i-1}+1}(m)<\cdots<S^{v_1+ \cdots + v_{i-1}+v_{i}}(m) \] and, for all even integers $i \in \{2,\ldots, n\}$, \[ S^{v_1+ \cdots + v_{i-1}}(m)>S^{v_1+ \cdots +v_{i-1}+1}(m)>\cdots>S^{v_1+ \cdots +v_{i-1}+v_i}(m). \] The arithmetic function $S$ is \textit{wildly increasing-decreasing} if, for every finite sequence $V$ of positive integers, there exists an integer $m \in \Omega$ such that $m$ has increasing-decreasing pattern $V$ with respect to $S$. This paper gives a proof that the Syracuse function is wildly increasing-decreasing.


Described is a method of producing polylactide mouldings by multidimensional extension-induced crystallization, characterized in that pre-moulded amorphous polylactide is shaped at 60 to 150 DEG C under multiaxial extension.


Out of the 28 land-locked countries of the world fourteen are in Africa : Botswana, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Swaziland, Uganda, Upper Volta, Zambia and Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) 1 . The term land-Iocked literally means having no sea-coast whatsoever, being com pletely cut off from the sea, access to which depends on the consent of the neighbouring states for using their routes to the sea and their seaport facilities. The situation can be further complicated when the transit state is also a land locked state such as Malawi (providing transit for R wanda and Burundi) or Rhodesia (providing or rather having provided transit for Zambia) . In a broader sense of the word the land-locked position called " land-lockedness" is not merely a question of access to the sea but a matter of access to the wide network of communications with the outside world of which the sea forms only a part, though the most important one. The absence of free access to the means of communications with the outside world significantly affects the processes of political, economic and social development. South Africa's control of Lesotho's and Swaziland's air traffic, telex and telephone communications and even of postal services (most mail is moved to both countries through South Africa) illustrates the point. The reason why the access to the sea is of paramount importance to African land-locked countries is simply because trade in Africa is still structured externally not internally. In 1 970 Africa imported ab out $ 1 0.970 mill. worth of goods out of which $ 730 mi ll. or only 6.7 per cent came from other African countries. With Africa's exports to the world representing ab out $ 12 .000 mill. the percentage figure for intra-African exports works out at 6 per cent. The small volume of intra-African trade is particularly striking when compared with the fact that Africa imports more from any single major economic power Great Britain, France, USA, Japan and Germany then it does from other African count ries taken together. It also does twice the amount of trade with other parts of the developing world than with itself. Finally, intra-African trade is smallest of all other intra-continental trades of developing countries Asia trades 2 1 .3 per cent internally, Latin America 1 1 .8 per cent. As the bulk of international trade is predominantly still carried by sea access to the sea is synonymous with access to the world market. Besides, transporting persons across the oceans is free in a sense in which over-land transport can never be because political frontiers have to be crossed, or air transport cannot be because overflying rights have to be assured. The land-locked African countries are not only without direct access to the sea, but in the majority of cases are also remote from the sea, sometimes separated from transit ports by very great distances. For example the "shortest" land connection of the Chad with the


The image,social and economic value and cultural symbolic significance make Zhang Da-qian as a cultllral brand get its full advantage. However,many factors will lead to the failure of such a brand,such as the potential risk that the protruding rafter will become corrupt first,the social fickle changes,lack of correspondence between celebrities' symbolic significance and economic benefit,the negative influence of "selling culture",contrast of agreement between interest and indifference,ant etc.This can further arouse the chain reaction of failure of cultural brand of celebrities and then destroy the positive effect of these people in the construction of harmonious culture.The effective avoidance of such risks is the fundamental way to the establishment of ZHANG Da-qian as a cultural brand.


Precise control of molecular-beam epitaxy deposition conditions has enabled the fabrication of chemically and structurally abrupt Eu 1 − x La x O / SrO / Si interfaces by interposing as little as half a monolayer of SrO between the La-doped EuO and silicon. The interfaces were analyzed by scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy; no reaction products were detected. These abrupt interfaces might enable direct ohmic injection of spin-polarized currents from the doped half-metallic semiconductor EuO into silicon.


Exotic high tech metals such as rare earth oxides, titanium and nickel wire are increasingly important to semi-conductor, aerospace and high end defence technology R & D and production. As a result—while not market traded and therefore sporadic order dependent and highly volatile—prices of these commodities have been rising on average over the past decade. The metals trading subsidiary of an international group acquired over 6 M metres of nickel wire which at the current market price of about 300 EUR per metre is worth over 1.6 B EUR. The firm wished to raise from 300 M to 1B EUR in the capital markets in order to purchase a variety of these high tech metals to take advantage over the medium term (5–10 years) of generally rising prices. After a brief description of the current state of the exotic high tech metals markets, this paper treats the technical pricing and default risk analysis of an example 350 M EUR 7 year amortized corporate bond issue backed by a nickel wire inventory and subsequent high tech metal trading as collateral. Topics covered include security price modelling with high tech metal collateral, the design of 100% risk free securities with third party derivatives and security pricing and trading methodology. The complex stochastic and Monte Carlo simulation analyses presented are based in part on specially developed modelling of the nickel wire catalogue price and third party price projections for rare earth oxides and titanium. This analysis is based on 10 year (2008–2017) daily market data and supports an optimistic view in that after accounting for all ongoing costs we find a zero default probability for the bond issue—a situation seldom seen to accompany its stipulated 12% internal rate of return.


Casting defects, which are closely related to entrapped air bubbles and metallic oxides, occur very frequently in the casting process. Many researchers have shown that these defects can be reduced by adopting an appropriate gating system design. But, it is dif-ficult for field engineers to identify a specific gating system that is more appropriate for their products. In this study, we tried to draw a comparison of gating system designs with and without ceramic foam filters. A ceramic foam filter was added to the horizontal runner just after the sprue to prevent air bubble generation and to reduce turbulence without change of the gating system design. To verify the effects of initial pouring velocity, the experiment was conducted with four different amounts of water volume in the reservoir. Results of the water modeling experiment applying the filter showed remarkably changed flow characteristics. Although the study confirmed that use of the filter may change the flow characteristics, it needs to be noted that only filter use alone cannot solve all the problems caused by a poorly designed gating system.


ABSTRACT Prior research has demonstrated that early career socialization experiences play an important role in career outcomes, including learning, performance, satisfaction, and retention. What is not yet well understood, however, is how the organizational socialization experiences of different groups of early career engineers vary and how such variation leads to different career outcomes. By examining the experiences of first year engineers, this article contributes new insights into factors affecting socialization experiences and draws attention to privilege as an important factor shaping engineering socialization experiences. The stories of negative interpersonal interactions experienced by first year women civil engineers are presented and used to glean forms of privilege that affect newcomer socialization. The primary forms of intersectional privilege identified stem from gender and race, with religion and nationality also shaping newcomer experiences. The stories are used to inform proposed additions to a model of engineering socialization.


In this paper, a new methodology of training of the software testers is offered. The methodology is based on the modified method of expert evaluations. Control quality charts are used for processing and visualization of results. Features of expert testing during training and revealing of distinctions are considered. Advantages of the developed methodology are shown on example.


The invention relates to the technical field of machinery, specifically relates to a CNC (computerized numerical control) combined turning and grinding machine tool for four-linkage enveloping worms and a processing method thereof. The machine tool and processing method thereof provided by the invention are characterized in that a main shaft motor 3 drives a main shaft 5 and an enveloping worm 7 to rotate around a C-axis by a synchronous belt, a Z-axis servo motor 10 drives a ball screw 17 to lead a large support plate 11 to move along a Z-direction guide rail 16 by the synchronous belt, an X-axis servo motor 19 drives a ball screw 13 to lead a small support plate 15 to move along an X-direction guide rail 12 by a coupler, a Y-axis servo motor 18 drives a CNC rotary table 14 to rotate around a Y axis by gears, a CNC tool rest or grinding head is fixedly connected to the CNC rotary table, a grinding head motor 20 drives a grinding wheel 21 to rotate around a B-axis by the synchronous belt, and the grinding wheel and the motor synchronously rotate around an A-axis by turning a hand wheel. Compared with the prior art, the machine tool disclosed by the invention is simple and novel instructure, convenient and safe in operation, high in processing efficiency and wide in application range; and in addition, the machine tool can rotate at a high speed, and the operations of turning and grinding are completed on a same machine tool, therefore, the machine tool is complete in function, high in reliability, strong in environment adaptivity, and more accurate in transmission precision and machining precision.


Editorial PrEfacE I carried out an analysis of 100 journal articles which had been published during 2003 (33 articles), 2004 (35 articles), 2005 (28 articles) and early 2006 (4 articles) and which studied small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the context of e-business. Information & Management just to name a few of the 41 journals identified. While the journals analysed did not constitute a complete list of articles on SME-e-business research published worldwide, there were a sufficient number among those analysed to identify broad research trends and future research opportunities for the e-business academic community. It should be noted that given the long publication cycle of many journals (typically between 6 to 24 months) that this analysis reflects published research, not the most recent research which would still be filtering through the journal publication process. About 47 of the articles analysed could be categorised as focused on identifying what e-business applications had or had not been adopted by SMEs and/or what benefits and problems SMEs had encountered. Of these articles 34 also identified an extensive list of factors which acted as drivers or barriers to SME e-business adoption and use. A further 36 articles could also be categorised as adoption factor studies, but they were more focused. For example, some studies examined factors which impacted on specific aspects of e-business use such as the levels This means that approximately 80% of the articles analysed were largely descriptive studies of e-business adoption and use by SMEs, in which they explored a range of adoption factors or a subset of factors. While such adoption/use studies are useful, Wymer & Regan (2005) show that the adoption factors are largely all identified (albeit with inconsistent terminology


We propose a new approach to appearance-based loop detectio n for mobile robots, using 3D laser scans. Loop detection is an important problem in the SLAM domain, and, because it can be seen as the problem of recognizing prev iously visited places, it is an example of the data association problem. Without a fla t floor assumption, 2D laser-based approaches are bound to fail in many cases. Two o f the problems with 3D approaches that we address in this paper are how to handle t he greatly increased amount of data and how to efficiently obtain invariance to 3D r otations. We present a compact representation of 3D point clouds that is still disc riminative enough to detect loop closures without false positives (i.e., detecting loo p closure where there is none). A low false positive rate is very important because wrong dat a association could have disastrous consequences in a SLAM algorithm. Our approach u ses only the appearance of 3D point clouds to detect loops and requires no pose in formation. We exploit the NDT surface representation to create feature histogram s based on surface orientation and smoothness. The surface shape histograms compress the input data by two to three orders of magnitude. Because of the high compression r ate, the histograms can be matched efficiently to compare the appearance of two scans . Rotation invariance is achieved by aligning scans with respect to dominant surfa ce orientations. We also propose to use expectation maximization to fit a Gamma mixtur e model to the output similarity measures in order to automatically determine th e t reshold that separates scans at loop closures from non-overlapping ones. We discus s the problem of determining ground truth in the context of loop detection and the d ifficulties in comparing the results of the few available methods based on range infor mation. Furthermore, we present quantitative performance evaluations using three real-world data sets, one of which is highly self-similar, showing that the proposed met hod achieves high recall rates (percentage of correctly identified loop closures) at low false positive rates in environments with different characteristics.


Calculations are performed to determine the coefficient of electrical efficiency of a plasma generator. The case considered is a pipe of rectangular cross section, and the plasma consists of a mixture of nitrogen with 1% potassium vapor. The calculation neglects the following factors: anisotropy of conductivity, end losses, heat losses at the walls, and electrical resistance losses in the layer near the electrodes. This means that the actual efficiency of the generator is lower than the values calculated. The results are presented in graphical form. For a typical case the maximum electrical efficiency is about 10%, while for a current with constant conductivity and neglecting friction the efficiency is about 17%. (TTT)


【Objective】To investigate the relationship of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels with the severity of heart failure (HF) , and the left ventricular systolic function in patients with heart failure【.Methods】BNP levels of 117 patients with HF were measured by immunofluorimetry. Colored doppler echocardiography was performed to measure the left ventricular systolic function.【Results】BNP levels increased with the deterioration of the heart failure according to the NYHA classification. Cardiac function grade Ⅱ, BNP level of 440.87 ± 437.34 (pg / ml), cardiac function grade Ⅲ, BNP level of 833.98 ± 702.34 (pg / ml), cardiac function grade Ⅳ, BNP levels of 1348.07 ± 933.46 (pg/ml). BNP 400 pg/ml of patients, EF value of "45% of only 33.0%, while BNP 400 pg/ml patients, EF value of" 45% accounted for 66.7%(P =0.001); the BNP400 pg/ml in patients with Chinese, E/A1 accounted for 62.1%, while BNP 400 pg / ml in patients, E / A 1 accounted for 39.2%, (P =0.014)、BNP level was negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction, and was related to the E/A ratio significantly. Unstable angina pectoris and the renal dysfunction were both influencing factors to plasma BNP levels 【.Conclusion】BNP level increased with the degree of the heart failure severity, and it may be important to use BNP to predict left ventricular function.


ABSTRACT

     Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and blessings and peace be upon the guide of humanity, and upon his family and all of has companions all and after.
     This research was entitled Hadiths narrated by  Al-Mundhir bin Malik, Abu Nadara Al-Abdi in Maximus Sunan of Al-Shafai - Collection, Study and  graduation - to show the biography of       Al-Mundhir bin Malik, Abu Nadara Al-Abdi and include his personal and scholarly life, the biography of the author of  Maximus Sunan by Al-Shafai, may God have mercy on him. He explains his journey in seeking knowledge, his scientific implications what he composed during his scientific career, and a number of his sheikhs and students. The hadiths narrated by al-Mundhir bin Malik are mentioned in the traditions of al-Shafai, which are four hadiths. Translation I sstate the hadith, as a document and text and then I graduate it. Then I state the translation of the  narrators, and judging the support of the hadith the translating of the narrators if the hadith is correct, good or weak, and showing strange words in the body of the hadith. The research was concluded with a set of results and recommendations.


Background: Both human leukocyte antigen donor specific antibodies (HLA DSA) and non-HLA autoantibodies have been implicated in antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), allograft dysfunction, and allograft failure in kidney transplantation. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibody (AT1R-Ab), is a non-HLA antibody implicated in poor renal allograft outcomes, although its actions may be mediated through a different mechanistic pathway than HLA DSA. Objective : Our aim was to examine serum cytokine profiles associated with AT1R-Ab and distinguish them from those associated with HLA DSA in serially collected blood samples from a cohort of pediatric renal transplant recipients.


Emilia Djiapouras is an undergraduate student (Level 5 at the time of writing) of Youth Work & Community Development. This paper is an example of co-creation of knowledge by students and academics at DMU.


Accurate radiosonde measurements of water vapor in the mid and upper troposphere are important for such applications as evaluating remote-sensor water vapor retrievals, initializing numerical models, and improving parameterizations of radiative and cloud processes. Measurements of relative humidity (RH) from Vaisala radiosondes are subject to several measurement errors, most of which increase in magnitude with decreasing temperature (Miloshevich et al. 2000). Several of these measurement errors have already been corrected in part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program dataset by Barry Lesht and others. This research program addresses two remaining measurement errors that can be substantial in the mid and especially upper troposphere (UT).


We live in epochal times. The rapid emergence of the Internet is having an historic impact on literacy practices and on the very nature of literacy itself. Each article in this issue has articulated these changes. Each brings a unique and important perspective to its analysis. They illustrate that, today, literacy means many different things to many different people. This issue presents a multifaceted description of many new literacies and issues that have emerged as the Internet, and related technologies, define this century. To place these articles in context, one must realize that even more profound changes to literacy lie ahead. The Internet, and its potential to disseminate rapidly new technologies of literacy, ensures that literacy will rapidly and continually change. Thus, as we explore the ideas in these articles, it is important to understand that literacy is not just new today; it becomes new every day of our lives. These articles direct our way into this rapidly changing future by exploring a number of important aspects of the changes to literacy.


The Clark completion of a program is a way of making explicit the inferences which may be made from the program using the Negation as Failure (NAF) rule. This may be thought of as adding negative information to the program in such a way that an atom fails ii its negation is derivable from the completion of the program. We show how the completion process may be extended to hereditary Harrop formulae, a class of formulae that properly includes Horn clauses, and, more importantly, that the completion of a hereditary Harrop formulae program may be expressed as a hereditary Harrop formulae program. In this way the richer framework of hereditary Harrop formulae allows the completion to be given in a more explicit form than that of Clark. This also allows the completion to be seen as a set of clauses, i.e. a program, rather than just as a formula of rst-order logic. With the restriction that programs are locally consistent, we show that the completion behaves as expected, in that the computational properties of the program and its completion correspond precisely.


Develops an internal fixation instrument with excellent biomechanical character of against pressure,against bending,against twist force and operative character with micro trauma for a cure to intertrochanteric hip fractures.Changes one tensile screw into two tensile screws for more fixation intension and exchanges the integral sleeve steel into the removable device being convenient for us to operate according to improvement in the structure of dynamic hip express screw;we designed a vitro gunsight used for fixing the screws on shaft of femur.The biomechanical characteristics of micro-trauma dynamic hip express screw was compared with the control group of dynamic hip express screw.Biomechanical test results show that it has not only excellent biomechanical character of load-straining,load-displacing,rigidity and strength of femur,and limit biomechanics,but also can make satisfactory clinical primary application without complications.Conclusions: Micro-trauma dynamic hip express screw had some advantages of reasonable designs of structure,fixing strongly,manipulating conveniently,micro-traumatic operating with minor incision.It is an ideal internal fixation instrument for a cure to intertrochanteric hip fractures.


Klebsiella pneumoniae has been reported to develop increased antibiotic resistance. Ceftazidime‐avibactam (CZA) is a novel antibiotic with activity against serine‐lactamase. Here, we investigated the sensitivity of carbapenem‐resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) to CZA and the mechanisms of drug resistance in our hospital.


Summary form only given. Details are presented of a new approach to indirect drive inertial confinement fusion which makes use of highly supersonic, radiatively cooled, slugs of plasma to energise a hohlraum. Such projectiles could be formed by, for example, the implosion of a conical tungsten wire array (in a similar fashion to radiatively cooled jets]) or by using a radial wire array accelerated along a coaxial plasma gun. In each case, substantial radiative cooling of the tungsten plasma at the launch point results in very high Mach numbers and low divergence. 2D resistive MHD simulations are presented which suggest that a 'Z' class machine can produce a mm sized slug of a few ns duration containing several hundred kJ of kinetic energy. This object therefore has the potential to deliver /spl sim/100 TW of kinetic flux (similar to a singly charged heavy ion beam of /spl sim/100 MA current) into a hohlraum of small dimension. Simulations of the interaction of such a plasma slug with a converter foil show efficient conversion of kinetic energy into radiation. 3D view-factor calculations of a roughly NIF-scale cylindrical hohlraum with twin converter foils are then used to establish the drive temperature and symmetry for capsule implosion experiments. The potential advantages of the system for the ignition of relatively small capsules on modest sized facilities with the potential for limited stand-off between the driver and the target are discussed.


In this paper I draw on empirical work I have
been involved in since 2016, involving over
1200 teacher mentors, to discuss a key issue
that has arisen – the professional knowledge
required to mentor effectively. This work
includes the development of a curriculum for
training school-based mentors of trainee and
newly qualified teachers, Enhance your
Mentoring Skills, delivered regionally across
South Yorkshire (Pountney and Grasmeder,
2018), as well as nationally for mentors of
mid-career teachers on the Chartered Teacher
programme of the Chartered College of
Teaching. I begin by discussing briefly what is
known about teachers' mentoring practices,
and understandings of what constitutes
professional knowledge. Next, I discuss the
nature of mentor teachers' learning for
practice, and the difficulties inherent in
articulating this to themselves, and to others.
I illustrate this with examples, to show how
the problem can be differentiated in two
dimensions of meaning: the first is closeness
to context (semantic gravity) and the second
is the degree of conceptual complexity
(semantic density). Finally, I discuss the need
for a specialised language for mentoring and
how this can promote the professional status
of mentors, as well as building knowledge
about, and for, effective mentoring practice.


The paper discusses some classes of contextual grammars---mainly those with "maximal use of selectors"---giving some arguments that these grammars can be considered a good model for natural language syntax.A contextual grammar produces a language starting from a finite set of words and interatively adding contexts to the currently generated words, according to a selection procedure: each context has associated with it a selector, a set of words; the context is adjoined to any occurrence of such a selector in the word to be derived. In grammars with maximal use of selectors, a context is adjoined only to selectros for which no superword is a selector. Maximality can be defined either locally or globally (with respect to all selectors in the grammar). The obtained families of languages are incomparable with that of Chomsky context-free languages (and with other families of languages that contain linear languages and that are not "too large"; see Section 5) and have a series of properties supporting the assertion that these grammars are a possible adequate model for the syntax of natural languages. They are able to straightforwardly describe all the usual restrictions appearing in natural (and artificial) languages, which lead to the non-context-freeness of these languages: reduplication, crossed dependencies, and multiple agreements; however, there are center-embedded constructions that cannot be covered by these grammars.While these assertions concern only the weak generative capacity of contextual grammars, some ideas are also proposed for associating a structure to the generated words, in the form of a tree, or of a dependence relation (as considered in descrpitive linguistics and also similar to that in link grammars).


Because of precipitation serves as one of major approaches of nutrient input into the forest ecosystem,the accurate measurement of its volume and ion concentration is of prime importance in an evaluation of nutrient biogeochemical cycle.Therefore,the chemistry of precipitation within a year was monitored and analyzed in a primary forest in the Maolan Natural Reserve,a Karst region in Libo,Guizhou Province.The movement patters of nutrient elements through hydrological processes could be understood by monitoring chemistry data of water.The investigation period was from September,2007 to August,2008.The results showed:(1) The pH and most concentrations of most nutrient elements in precipitation,throughfall,stemfall and streamflow varied seasonally except for Na+,with maxima in winter or early spring and minima in summer.This may be resulted from the concentration dilutions or inspissations due to the varieties of water discharge.(2) The nutrient elements in throughfall and stemflow were significantly higher than those in the precipitation when rainfall passed canopy.The concentrations of K+,Mg2+,and Ca2+ were altered more than the other nutrient elements.The concentration of K+ in throughfall and stemflow was 14 times and 21 times higher than those in precipitation,respectively.The concentration of Mg2+ in throughfall and stemflow was 12 times and 9 times higher than those in precipitation,respectively.The concentration of Ca2+ in throughfall and stemflow was 4 times and 3 times higher than those in precipitation,respectively.This probably resulted from the exchange of cations and the canopy leaching.(3) Through throughflow and stemflow,the most nutrient elements which was input the sites were K+ and Ca2+ i.e.35.8 and 31.5 kg hm-2 a-1,respectively.The most nutrient elements output through streamflow were Ca2+ and Mg2+,i.e.579.5 and 152.9 kg hm-2 a-1,respectively,SO2-4-S coming next,Na++K++NH+4-N accounts for less than 1% of the total cations,and Cl-+NO-3-N accounts for less than 1% of the total anions.These general features indicated that the chemical composition of water was largely controlled by carbonate weathering.(4)The characteristics of annual vertical movements of elements indicated the concentrations of nutrient elements in soil water were varied from 0cm to 5cm.The concentration levels of NH+4-N and NO-3-N in the soil water suggested that the transformation might be caused by microbes through nitrogen fixation,nitrification and uptake by vegetation.(5) The nutrient budget (e.g.throughfall+stemflow-streamflow) within one year in the forest was 2.9 for N,25.2 for K,-547.4 for Ca,-144.5 for Mg,-4.0 for Na,2.5 for Cl,-5.9kg hm-2 a-1 for SO2-4-S,respectively.Our results showed that annual inputs exceeded outputs for dissolved inorganic N and K+,The watershed had net losses of Ca2+,Mg2+,and was close to steady state for Na+ and Cl-in the forest.


In many radio frequency identification (RFID) applications, a RFID reader repeatedly identifies the tags in its scope. An anti-collision algorithm with blocking mechanism lets the staying tags and arriving tags reply in different time periods and the collisions between the staying and arriving tags are prevented. However, in the existing blocking algorithms, the reader can only identify two staying tags at most in a slot. As a result, when the number of staying tags is large, the reader still consumes many slots to identify the staying tags. Thus, this paper proposes a collected blocking collision tree algorithm (CBCT) in which a bit tracking technology is used to enhance the system efficiency. Two key mechanisms are adopted in CBCT which are collecting and refreshing. By using the collecting mechanism, the reader can identify many tags in a slot. The refreshing mechanism is used by the reader to keep the continuity of all the staying tags. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the existing blocking algorithms and the algorithms with bit tracking technology.


We examine the effect of temperature on the elastic scattering angular distributions of 10 B + 120 Sn reaction. For this, we use two-parameter fermi density distribution for both 10 B and 120 Sn nuclei as a function of temperature (T = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 MeV). We obtain the real potentials by using these density distributions within the double folding model based on the optical model. The imaginary part of the optical potential is considered as Woods-Saxon potential. We calculate the elastic scattering angular distributions for all the investigated cases. To see differences between the theoretical results, we compare our results with the experimental data. Then, we discuss the relationship between different root mean square (rms) radii of the nuclei. Finally, we give volume integrals and cross sections according to various temperature values.


Over 50 prehistoric mortuary caves have been identified in Virginia, primarily in the southwestern portion of the state, dating to the Late Woodland period (ca. A.D. 900-1600). Recent surveys of these sites, as well as one archaeological test excavation, give insights into the skeletal biology and mortuary practices of the individuals interred. All sexes and ages were buried in these caves in a variety of burial forms. Dental caries and antemortem tooth loss are the most common pathologies noted on skeletal remains from the caves. Two recent cave investigations carried out through the Marginella Burial Cave Project illustrate the legal, political, and other challenges surrounding the conservation of these highly endangered natural and archaeological resources in Virginia.


More than two decades after the publication of Cornish's seminal work about the script-theoretic approach to crime analysis, this article examines how the concept has been applied in our community. The study provides evidence confirming that the approach is increasingly popular; and takes stock of crime scripting practices through a systematic review of over 100 scripts published between 1994 and 2018. The results offer the first comprehensive picture of this approach and highlight new directions for those interested in using data from cyber-systems and the Internet of Things to develop effective situational crime prevention measures.


Following a whole school focus on the development of thinking skills through TASC and as part of my M.Ed degree, I carried out an Investigation into the 'Effects of using TASC Strategies in the Development of Children's Thinking and Problem-solving Skills in Science'. Results of a questionnaire given to the children prior to my research showed that the children felt they learned best when they understood the relevance of their learning, when they felt capable of completing the task and when they could relate it to something else that they had done. Vygotsky (1978) stressed that children learn when they can make links with previous learning. This is because they can extend their conceptual mental map with new learning. The TASC Framework promotes this level of learning and for that reason I decided to introduce this Framework to the children in my class.


Designing a value cocreation system in the manufacturing industry has seen significant interest in the past two decades. The importance of a value cocreation system has increased along with the social expectations related to increasing resource efficiency and the emergence of enablers such as digitalization. In this article, I take this opportunity to disseminate some findings to industry and managers. Specifically, a review of product/service systems (PSSs) where a manufacturer—taking responsibility for and control of larger ranges in a value network—integrates their products and services to cocreate and capture higher value. PSS design implications and how to implement PSS design are discussed. Insights into designing a PSS in manufacturing practice are highlighted largely based on collaborative experience with large global manufacturers. Strategic management of design activities to avoid design fixation and service design trap is key to the successful design of PSSs.


Solid State Transformer(SST)is the key equipment for energy conversion and control of Energy Internet.There are many aspects with need to be further studied. This paper conbines the characteristic of SST and elaborates the major key technologies, which consists of the development of new wide band-gap materials based on SiC, the design and implementation of solid-state power devices based on SiC and SST and the advanced control strategies of SST. This paper introduces the application of SST in DC energy LAN.


In an effort to establish itself as a leading CNS drug development company, Biotie Therapies has agreed to acquire Synosia Therapeutics in an all-share deal valued at €93.6 M (US$121 M). The combined company will have nine clinical-stage CNS drug candidates, an international presence with operations in Finland, the US and Switzerland and a strengthened financial position.


Numerical simulation technology is extensively employed to resolute many difficulties of infrastructures. On the other hand, anchors have been broadly served as earth structures, especially in deep excavations. Practically, anchors are customarily served in a group. An under-reamed anchor has the outstanding short length and high anchorage capacity. This study used both the numerical and tested results to elucidate the axial loading behaviors of arrayed under-reamed anchor groups with various overburden depth in dense sand. This study adopted a constitutive law that includes strain hardening/softening and volumetric dilation, entitled SHASOVOD model, together with the computer simulation software FLAC3D to carry out the evaluation on the arrayed anchor groups. Examination results reveal that the loading curves estimated numerically are closed to those surveyed experimentally. The end bearing-displacement curve of a shallow anchor differs from that of a deep anchor. The interfering prompted by the 2*2 arrayed anchors is less than that persuaded by the 3*3 arrayed anchors. Besides, the interferences resulted from shallow anchor groups were slightly significant than those of deep anchor groups. When the pitches between the anchors in the group are 4D (D denotes an anchor's diameter), the yielding soils around fixed length of each anchor were extremely overlap. The average ultimate load of 3*3 anchors was significantly less than that of a single anchor, the efficiencies of anchor groups are 75% and 80% for shallow and deep anchors, respectively. The overlaps of yielding soils decline when anchors' pitches increase. When the anchors' pitches were 10D, the behavior of individually anchor in the anchor group tends to that of a single anchor for both shallow and deep anchor groups.


Purposes of the study and background Pain of lumbar facet-joint origin is a common cause of low back pain in adults, and may lead to chronic pain and disability. At present, there is no definitive ...


Rhetorical devices have been widely used in a variety of writing works including news headlines These short messages are considered to be the first informative and persuasive product of news reports This research aims to investigate what type of rhetoric was most frequently found in English news headlines and to compare the similarities and differences of the rhetorical aspects of the headlines taken from two major online news websites in England and Thailand The 2-week corpus includes 594 coronavirus-related headlines: 351 headlines collected from the BBC and 243 from the Bangkok Post All electronic news headlines are contrastively analysed based on Shams's (2013) and Picello's (2018) taxonomies The findings reveal that there are twelve rhetorical devices found in these headlines Alliteration noticeably marks the highest frequency among all rhetorical features, followed by metonymy, rhyme, depersonalization, rhetorical question, metaphor, hyperbole, pun and euphemism, cliche, allusion, and simile respectively The combination of alliteration and metonymy is commonly found in news headline writing However, allusion and simile are only found in the headlines from the Bangkok Post, but at very low frequencies Furthermore, the metonymic uses in the headlines may reflect certain preferred ideologies of presenting coronavirus-related news between the two counterparts


A preliminary checklist has been compiled to study the moth diversity of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, an eastern state of India. The present study has recorded a total of 154 species belonging to 129 genera and 19 families. The highest diversity of moths was recorded in the family Crambidae (48 species, 38 genera), followed by the families Erebidae (42 species, 37 genera), Geometridae (15 species, 12 genera), Noctuidae (13 species, 11 genera) and others. The study was conducted over a period of 18 months from May 2019 to October 2020. Here we present an illustrated checklist of 154 moth species from Bhubaneswar which improves our insight into the lesser-known lepidopterans from the state of Odisha. This shall further help us strengthen our knowledge about the importance of moths in our environment and contribute towards its conservation at large.


College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China School of Architectural Engineering, Guangzhou City Construction College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510925, China &e Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China Sanming Puyan Expressway Co. Ltd., Sanming, Fujian 365000, China


Today's agriculture sector offers a wide spectrum of needs for all types of manufacturers: from the point of views of farmers needing quick and easy changeovers for a wide variety of modern farming techniques, to those who deal with conventional farming techniques day after day. Today the advanced mulching machine machine is producing the next part. With escalating injury claims, operator training issues, damage to mulching paper, lack of evenness of mulch paper, wastage of mulch paper and increasing quality awareness, conventional mulching paper laying by human is no longer a good option. The only real way we can compete with the low cost labour to the south and the east is by having no labour, thus automation with single operators running multiple machines. Automatic mulching paper laying machine is a technique that has changed substantially over the past 05 years. There have been advancements in the types of mechanism used for mulching paper laying operations and the development of "mechanical transplanter" machines, automatic bed preparation, laying of mulch paper, automatic hole punching etc.


Digital Public Administration and E-Government in Developing Nations: Policy and Practice examines e-government from the perspective of developing nations and addresses the issues and of developing arisen in its systems and processes. This publication is a valuable and insightful tool for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and students in different fields who are interested in information systems, public policies, politics, and media and communication studies. Digital Public Administration and E-Government in Developing Nations: Policy and Practice


After more than a decade of rigorous empirical work, it is increasingly accepted that long-term outcomes after critical illness are an important problem—not only clinically meaningful for patients, but scientifically fecund for understanding basic biology (1). Many—but by no means all—of our patients who survive critical illness will have important new deficits in their brain or muscle function. Many of these injuries will be new, although there will also be some acute recognition of chronic problems (2, 3). To design a randomized controlled trial of therapies to improve these long-term outcomes, we need an appropriately defined patient population, a biologically plausible intervention, and a clinically meaningful endpoint. In this issue of the Journal, Woon and colleagues (pp. 333–340) provide important and provocative new data to inform our choice of endpoint (4).

To understand why these results are so interesting, we need to make explicit the mental models of post-ICU trajectory that we usually only reference implicitly. Why could so many of us read the report by Schweickert and colleagues of a difference in hospital discharge location after early mobilization, and yet confidently use such data to justify this intervention for all patients to improve long-term outcomes (5)? I suggest that it is because those results resonated with our implicit mental model, shown in Figure 1 as the Big Hit. In a Big Hit trajectory, patients have an acute loss of function during their critical illness, from which they may gradually recover. After acute illness, it appears that peak recovery is 1–2 years after initial injury for physical functioning (6–8). Nonetheless, we expect a relatively smooth trajectory after the initial deficit. Key questions after a Big Hit are how we can reduce the depth of the initial functional loss, improve the slope of functional recovery, and minimize the residual deficits.

Figure 1.

Prototypical trajectories of recovery. The upper gray line extending past critical illness is the counterfactual trajectory of functioning that would have occurred, had the patient not developed critical illness.

Woon and colleagues test the hypothesis that individual patients' cognitive function at discharge would be strongly predictive of 6-month cognitive function, as we might expect from a Big Hit trajectory. If this hypothesis were correct, the authors would thereby validate a short-term, readily obtained measure that could serve as a surrogate endpoint for a longer-term outcome. Such a validation would let us target postdischarge cognitive rehabilitation to a subset of patients, increasing cost effectiveness of any intervention; it would let us more appropriately counsel families about prognosis. To test this hypothesis, they assembled a cohort of 70 consecutive patients with few comorbidities from the Shock Trauma and Respiratory Intensive Care Units at LDS Hospital and Intermountain Medical Center. Ten patients died, and seven were lost to follow-up, leaving a respectable 53 patients who underwent cognitive screening at hospital discharge.

Contrary to the Big Hit hypothesis, and to this author's great surprise, they found that discharge cognitive function simply was not associated with 6-month cognitive function. This was true for either of two well-accepted short assessments of cognitive function. This was not a case of marginal P values and not-quite-significant findings. There were very substantial levels of disagreement. Consider their results in Table 3 when using an MMSR cut-off of 27, which is simply a 2 × 2 table of cognitive function at discharge versus cognitive function at 6 months.

Eight patients were not cognitively impaired at discharge and still not impaired 6 months later. These are the patients who do well after critical illness, and Rubenfeld has tirelessly argued that we should not forget that these patients exist (9). Eighteen patients were cognitively impaired at discharge and again at 6 months. These are the patients on whom the long-term outcomes literature has focused, those who get knocked down and stay down.

Fifteen patients left the hospital with cognitive impairment but had recovered by 6 months out. Our Big Hit model fully expects patients in this category—indeed, one of our goals in changing ICU practice and providing postdischarge therapy is precisely to increase the number of patients in this "recovered" category. This study was too small to determine what characteristics of these patients led to their recovery, but such a study is certainly worth undertaking. There may be much that we can learn from those patients who recover on their own; in other fields, this is known as the study of "positive deviants." In particular, we need to know: what had the patients, their caregivers, or their medical team figured out that may be generalizable and testable in a broader population?

The disturbing cases are the 12 patients who left the hospital unimpaired by assessment, but who were significantly cognitively impaired at 6-month follow-up. There are three possible explanations for this large group. Least interesting, this might all be measurement error, but that seems unlikely given the well-established assessment tools used. Alternatively, perhaps these patients all happened to get another really bad injury after leaving the hospital; we cannot rule that out. More likely is that these patients were not on a Big Hit trajectory. Two other trajectories are possible, as shown in Figure 1, and well-described in other illnesses. In a Slow Burn trajectory, the patients are sent off on a new path of persistent more rapid decline, as diabetes increases atherosclerosis. In a Relapsing Recurrent trajectory—common in multiple sclerosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—patients have a disease with acute exacerbations and then partial recovery. Some scholars have even argued that relapsing recurrence is the best model for posthospitalization disability, although there is no scientific consensus on that interpretation (10).

With only two data points for each patient, we cannot distinguish Slow Burns from Relapsing Recurrences. But these 12 patients' declines are inconsistent with a Big Hit. Importantly, there are multiple credible biological and psychosocial mechanisms for such accumulating decrement pathways. These include a prolonged inflammatory milieu (11, 12), microglial cell activation (13), an inactivity/loss-of-function spiral, self-imposed restriction of life activities and mobility (14), and the adoption of a sick role.

As with any study, the article by Woon and coworkers has limitations. Because of idiosyncrasies in their recruiting and enrollment criteria, we do not know the relative frequencies of each trajectory. Certainly this work needs to be confirmed in a broader population. A replication using precisely the same instruments at discharge and follow-up would be nice, but the instruments used in the article are well established and credibly measure the same underlying construct.

This leaves us with an urgent need to carefully map the trajectories of injury and recovery for specific critical illnesses. We need to know the relative frequencies of different illness trajectories because they imply different endpoints for ICU trials interested in long-term patient-centered outcomes—regardless of whether the trials specifically target long-term outcomes. For patients on a Big Hit trajectory, a clinical trial should examine the change in absolute level of function at maximal recovery. In contrast, for patients on a Slow Burn trajectory, there is no single time point at which that difference should be measured—instead a clinical trial should seek to change the trajectory of decline. For patients on a Relapsing Recurrence trajectory, a clinical trial should seek to maximize the number of impairment-free months. These are fundamental differences in trial design that call for an empirical grounding rather than guesswork. The present work by Woon and colleagues is an important step in the right direction, as it emphasizes how many assumptions we have been making and how much more data we truly need.


Flattop response isanimportant desirable feature ofanywavelength selective components that goina DWDM network. Inthis paper wereport design andfabrication recipe forrealizing flattop wavelength response ofwavelength interleavers/sli cers configured around all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI). Itinvolves simulation ofwavelength response ofconcatenated MZI's followed byfabrication ofthesame. Wewould spell outthesimulation details andfabrication recipe withsupporting results. Theresults should beuseful in realization offlattop all-fiber wavelength interleavers.


The survey deals with the application of gravimetric measuring techniques to the investigation of physical adsorption processes. The principal topics covered in this paper are the definition of the term ''adsorption''; the types of surfaces under investigation; the most important measuring procedures, i.e. measuring isotherms, measuring isobars, and evaluating the results; the advantages, limitations, and typical errors involved in gravimetry compared with competing methods; and limitations and development perspectives of gravimetric investigations of physisorption.


In the past, airplanes, target drones, pods, and large missiles have been instrumented with telemetry, flight termination and beacon tracking antennas to assess performance. With the emerging use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) for tracking purposes, GPS is also included as part of the instrumentation package. This paper addresses the design of a conformal wraparound antenna system to cover the telemetry and GPS L1 frequencies for a small (2.75 inch) diameter airborne projectile. A filter is also integrated into the antenna system to isolate the transmitted telemetry signal from the received GPS signal. This integration is necessary due to the lack of space in the small diameter projectile. Performance characteristics of the prototype antenna system are also presented.


Terephthalate-Functionalized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) has been electrochemically polymerized and characterized in this investigation. The obtained conducting redox polymer have the conducti ...


The effectiveness of a new muscle relaxant, carisoprodol, was tested in a study of 212 patients with pain, immobility, and muscle spasm in the lower part of the back. Conservative treatment, which included analgesic drugs and physical therapy, was used in a contratest group of 106 patients; the test group of 106 other patients received the conservative treatment plus carisoprodol. The initial dosage of carisoprodol was generally one 400-mg. tablet four times daily. The patients treated with carisoprodol returned to work in about one-quarter the time it took the conventionally treated patients. An equally striking difference was observed in a smaller study in which a contratest group of 35 patients received placebos. Six case histories illustrate the types of situation in which a relaxant drug can be expected to relieve the "low back syndrome."


Most site‐specific recombinases fall into one of two families, based on evolutionary and mechanistic relatedness. These are the tyrosine recombinases or λ integrase family and the serine recombinases or resolvase/invertase family. The tyrosine recombinases are structurally diverse and functionally versatile and include integrases, resolvases, invertases and transposases. Recent studies have revealed that the serine recombinase family is equally versatile and members have a variety of structural forms. The archetypal resolvase/invertases are highly regulated, only affect resolution or inversion and they have an N‐terminal catalytic domain and a C‐terminal DNA binding domain. Phage‐encoded serine recombinases (e.g. φC31 integrase) cause integration and excision with strictly controlled directionality, and have an N‐terminal catalytic domain but much longer C‐terminal domains compared with the resolvase/invertases. This high molecular weight group also contains transposases (e.g. TnpX from Tn4451). Other transposases, which belong to a third structurally different group, are similar in size to the resolvase/invertases but have the DNA binding domain N‐terminal to the catalytic domain (e.g. IS607 transposase). These three structural groups represented by the resolvase/invertases, the large serine recombinases and relatives of IS607 transposase correlate with three major groupings seen in a phylogeny of the catalytic domains. These observations indicate that the serine recombinases are modular and that fusion of the catalytic domain to unrelated sequences has generated structural and functional diversity.