Non‐technical summary  Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is a method for activating the human vestibular nerve with electricity. It induces sensations of head movement which cause sway and eye movements, and affect navigation. GVS is used here to demonstrate a novel vestibular reflex. Stimulation of standing subjects caused them to generate torque around a vertical axis, resulting in trunk rotation. Response magnitude and direction were systematically altered by head orientation in a manner consistent with GVS causing a sensation of head roll. This is relevant for balance control because vestibular information is only useful for fall prevention when interpreted in the context of head orientation. These findings therefore provide a method for investigating this neural transformation process. This can be used to diagnose deficiencies in the vestibular control of balance caused by ageing and/or neurological disease.


What is the future of the CHI conference? What will it look like in 2030? In this panel, we will present some data on the current state of the CHI conference - from paper submissions to attendance - and the initial findings on what our community has said is their 'ideal' CHI conference. We will then make wild predictions about the future of CHI and encourage audience discussion on the form that the conference and academic publishing could take in the future.


Sulfathiazole (HSTZ) reacts with triethylamine and Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O in methanol and further with pyridine to give the sulfathiazolato complex [Ni(STZ)2(Py)2]·2Py. In the new chelate complex the deprotonated sulfonamidic nitrogen atom does not take part in the coordination process, apparently retaining the negative charge. Two (STZ)− moieties are symmetrically bonded to the Ni2+ ion through a thiazolyl nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom of the S(O)2 group. Two pyridine molecules accomplish the fairly distorted octahedral coordination at the metal centre.


The mechanical properties of concentrated starch + water systems were studied during heating, cooling and storage. Methods used were a small-amplitude dynamic rheological test and compression between parallel plates. The mechanical properties were related to the structure of the gels. Information about the structure of the gels was obtained by electron and light microscopy and DSC. Starches used were from wheat and potato. During heating of starch suspensions at rest, storage moduli first increased and subsequently decreased. This result is related to swelling of starch granules, melting of crystallites, separation of amylose and amylopectin, and loss of entanglements between starch molecules. Concentrated starch gels formed during heating at rest consist of partly swollen, irregularly shaped granules, which are tightly packed, with a thin amylose gel layer in between. The mechanical properties of these gels at large deformations are determined by the stiffness of the swollen granules, their shape and the mechanical properties of the thin amylose gel layer. Observed changes in Young modulus, and in the stress and strain at fracture during ageing are primarily ascribed to the increase in stiffness of the swollen granules. This increase is due to the formation of (semi) crystalline domains consisting of clusters of ordered double helices of short branches of amylopectin molecules. The mechanical properties of starch breads were measured in two successive compression/decompression cycles and the results were discussed by applying a theory developed for cellular solids. The mechanical properties of starch bread are determined by the mechanical properties and the dimensions of the condensed lamellae and beams, which have a structure comparable with that of concentrated starch gels, as well as the size and size distribution of the gas cells. GMS and SSL affect the mechanical properties of starch bread in two opposite ways; by affecting the properties of the lamellae and beams forming the bread structure and by making the crumb structure finer (gas cell size distribution) and more even. They hardly affect amylopectin recrystallization in starch bread.


The aim of this paper is to examine linguistic means of intersubjective positioning used in the genre of interview, which is typically connected with establishing speaker's identity and position. The theoretical framework for this study is the Appraisal Theory proposed by Martin and White (2005), in concrete terms the category of Engagement, which enables us to analyse how speakers adopt and express their attitude not only to the proposition but also to a potential audience. Modal expressions modify the strength of the illocutionary force of propositions. Thus, intersubjective positioning overlaps with such concepts as hedging, boosting, evidentiality, and modality. A corpus of political and economic interviews will be analysed with the aim of investigating and comparing markers of intersubjective positioning, and further, of explicating their pragmatic functions.


Two new quaternary ammonium decatungstates,[Bmim]4(W10O32)(Bmin=N-methyl-N'-n-butyimidazole) and [BunPy]4(W10O32),were synthesized in the ionic liquid. The structures were characterized by TG,1H NMR,13C NMR,IR and elemental analysis.


Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are the emerging class of two dimensional direct band gap semiconductors for future nanoelectronic, optoelectronic and catalytic applications. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique has been explored for synthesis of uniform and high quality molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and other TMDCs. TMDCs monolayer ribbons are also of significant interest owing to its unique properties, however the growth of ribbon is quite challenging than the other crystals [1]. Here, we demonstrate an approach to synthesize MoS2 ribbons and their branched structures. The MoS2 ribbons were grown by a CVD method on SiO2/Si substrate with optimized experimental parameters. The synthesis was executed in two individually controlled quartz tube furnaces using argon (97%) and hydrogen (3%) gas mixture at atmospheric pressure. The sulfur (1 gm) boat and MoO3 (0.01 gm) boat were placed inside the CVD quartz tube. SiO2/Si substrate was kept face down on the MoO3 powder holding boat, where the substrate position significantly influence the morphology of the MoS2 crystals. Figure 1 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the MoS2 ribbons, branches and edge structures. Interestingly, all the ribbons possess uneven edge structures, where the edges are formed with angles of 60° and 120°, indicating variation in molybdenum and sulfur edge terminations. The growth of ribbons can be explained by surface diffusion limited process with low concentration of MoO3 and enriched sulfur concentration [2, 3]. In the CVD process, the directional growth of the MoS2 ribbon is achieved in presence of very low concentration of molybdenum precursor on the SiO2/Si substrate surface.


A new method based on wavelet transform was developed to eliminate the noise among signals which are sampled by the detection device for power switchgear without the disadvantages of conventional low pass filters that indiscriminatingly filter the desirable high frequencies. The new method selectively filters noise. The new method locates noise and eliminates the noise while preserving the valuable high frequencies. In addition, an alogrithm is introduced to detect the beginning and end of signals using wavelet sigularity detection.


An emerging topic in the field of data mining is Utility Mining. The main objective of Utility Mining is to identify the itemsets with highest utilities, by considering profit, quantity, cost or other user preferences. Mining High Utility itemsets from a transaction database is to find itemsets that have utility above a user-specified threshold. Itemset Utility Mining is an extension of Frequent Itemset mining, which discovers itemsets that occur frequently. In many real-life applications, high-utility itemsets consist of rare items. Rare itemsets provide useful information in different decision-making domains such as business transactions, medical, security, fraudulent transactions, retail communities. For example, in a supermarket, customers purchase microwave ovens or frying pans rarely as compared to bread, washing powder, soap. But the former transactions yield more profit for the supermarket. Similarly, the high-profit rare itemsets are found to be very useful in many application areas. For example, in medical application, the rare combination of symptoms can provide useful insights for doctors [21]. A retail business may be interested in identifying its most valuable customers i.e. who contribute a major fraction of overall company profit[10]. Several researches about itemset utility mining were proposed. In this paper, a literature survey of various algorithms for high utility rare itemset mining has been presented.


Suckling bout duration and frequency were used in the past as an indicator of milk intake. However, later studies found no significant relationship between suckling bout duration and frequency and milk or energy intake. On the other hand recent studies are in line with the suggestion that suckling bout duration and frequency may express intensity of maternal care. The three extant zebra species differ in their ecology and social system. Mountain Equus zebra and Grevy's zebra E. grevyi live in an arid environment, whereas plains zebras E. quagga are found in savannah. Mountain and plains zebra mares form stable herds associated with high aggression and low aggression, respectively. Female Grevy's zebras form loose associations with the lowest level of aggression. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the suggestion that suckling bout duration and frequency are affected by social system. We observed suckling behaviour of 30 foals (16 plains zebras, 8 Grevy's zebras and 6 mountain zebras) at the Dvůr Kralove Zoo, Czech Republic. We found that suckling bout duration was longest in mountain zebras, followed by plains and Grevy's zebras. Similar results were found for suckling frequency. These results coincide with the rate of aggression among mares; foals spent more time by suckling in species, where more aggression among adults occurred. Thus, the results of our study support the suggestion that suckling bout duration reflects social needs of the foal rather than milk intake requirements.


The enumerations of the modern 12 pairs of cranial nerves by a number of anatomists are reviewed in a continuous historical perspective using original texts and modern translations. The history of the numeration of the nerves is traced from Galen's classification into seven pairs (second century A.D.), through to Willis' nine pairs (1664) and Soemmerring's 12 pairs (1778). Authors describing individual structures (e.g., trochlear and olfactory nerves) for the first time are particularly noted.


The article reveals the process of autonomous learning on the basis of personality-oriented approach. The didactic process is built considering psychological and social features of personality. The model of a lesson on forming autonomous learning skills is presented.


This paper is devoted to the study on dependence of the strength of fluid-saturated permeable brittle materials on the strain rate. The study has been carried out by means of a numerical modeling using a hybrid cellular automata method with the use of a coupled model, which takes into account the interplay of deformation of solid-phase skeleton, pore pressure change and fluid filtration. It is found that the influence of pore fluid on the material strength is determined by the competition of the processes of fluid pore pressure change (due to the volume deformation of solid-phase skeleton) and filtration. By means of a parametric study we obtained combinations of physical and mechanical characteristics of solid-phase skeleton and fluid, as well as of linear dimensions of the samples, that unquestionably determine the relationship between the strength of the deformed fluid-saturated sample and the strain rate. Results of uniaxial compressive strength and constrained shear tests have shown that the sort and level of influence of the fluid filtration on the sample strength is determined by the sign and amount of pore volume change during deformation. Under the loading involving a decrease in the filtration space volume and increase in the pore pressure, fluid redistribution allows to reduce the local maxima of pore pressure and thereby provides an increase in strength of the samples. Under the loading conditions causing an increase in the filtration space volume and decrease in the pore pressure, the filtration allows to maintain the fluid pressure and thereby reduces strength of the samples. Based on the simulation results, we have constructed basic logistic dependences of the sample strength of brittle materials on load rate, mechanical properties of liquid, solid-phase skeleton and sample dimensions. The results show that the non-stationary type of the related deformation and filtration processes determines significant changes in the sample strength of permeable materials even at low strain rates. These expressions show


Contaminants can be introduced into water bodies in either dissolved or particulate form. Further reactions with natural suspended and bed sediments often produce considerable sediment contamination even when pollutants are originally emitted in dissolved form. Fine colloidal particulate matter is ubiquitous in streams, and often has a higher affinity for contaminants than larger streambed sediments. As a result, suspended sediments can carry a considerable fraction of the overall contaminant load. To understand the transport and ultimate fate of contaminants in aqueous systems, and particularly fluxes into and out of contaminated sediments, the potential for particulate-phase transport of contaminants must be considered. Contaminant behavior within sediment beds is highly dependent on the degree of association with suspended sediments, and the presence of suspended matter can favor either mobilization or immobilization of contaminants depending on the relative affinities of contaminants for suspended and bed sediments and the potential for suspended sediment deposition. Experimental results and model simulations will be used to illustrate a wide range of contaminant transport behavior and to elucidate the important processes that control multi-phase contaminant transport in sediment beds.


The temperature dependence of liquid-liquid (L/sub 1/-L/sub 2/) and liquid-liquid-vapor (L/sub 1/-L/sub 2/-V) phase behaviour in CO/sub 2/-hydrocarbon systems is investigated using a combination of measurements of L/sub 1/-L/sub 2/ and L/sub 1/-L/sub 2/-V phase compositions and calculations of two- and three-phase behaviour with the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PREOS). New phase composition data are reported for mixtures of CO/sub 2/ with normal hexadecane (C/sub 16/) and squalane (C/sub 30/) and for mixtures of CO/sub 2/ with methane (C/sub 1/) and hexadecane. Measurements of three-phase pressures for mixtures of CO/sub 2/ with C/sub 14/, C/sub 16/ and C/sub 30/ are also reported. Calculations of L/sub 1/-L/sub 2/ and L/sub 1/-L/sub 2/-V phase behaviour with the PREOS are compared with all available experimental phase composition data for CO/sub 2/-C/sub 1/-C/sub 16/ and CO/sub 2/-propane (C/sub 3/)-C/sub 16/ systems. The PREOS is shown to predict such behaviour with reasonable quantitative accuracy if binary interaction parameters are selected to match L/sub 1/-L/sub 2/ data. Details of the disappearance of L/sub 1/-L/sub 2/-V behaviour with increasing temperature are investigated with the validated PREOS. For the CO/sub 2/-C/sub 3/-C/sub 16/ system, three-phase behaviour disappears at a tricritical point. For the CO/sub 2/-C/sub 1/-C/sub 16/ system,more » the disappearance occurs at the upper critical end point (UCEP) for the CO/sub 2/-C/sub 16/ binary system. Finally, qualitative similarities between CO/sub 2/-crude oil systems and the ternary systems described here are discussed.« less


Neural network frameworks today commonly implement Deconvolution and closely related Convolution operator via a combination of GEMM (dense matrix-matrix multiplication) and a memory transformation. The recently proposed Indirect Convolution algorithm suggests a more efficient implementation of Convolution via the Indirect GEMM primitive - a modification of GEMM where pointers to rows are loaded from a buffer rather than being computed assuming constant stride. However, the algorithm is inefficient for Deconvolution with non-unit stride, which is typical in computer vision models. We describe a novel Indirect Deconvolution algorithm for efficient evaluation of the Deconvolution operator with nonunit stride by splitting Deconvolution with a large kernel into multiple subconvolutions with smaller, variable-size kernels, which can be efficiently implemented on top of the Indirect GEMM primitive.


This study aims to determine: 1) the level of validity, practicality and effectiveness of problem-based learning tools in improving students' problem-solving and metacognitive abilities, 2) increasing students' mathematical problemsolving abilities and students' metacognitive abilities in applying the developed problem-based learning tools. . This development research uses the Dick and Carey development model. The learning tools produced from this study are the lesson plan (RPP), student worksheets (LKPD), teacher handbooks (BPG), student books (BS), as well as problem solving ability tests (TKPM) and students' metacognition ability tests ( TKMS). . The subjects in this study were students of class X at SMA Negeri 17 Medan. The instruments used in this study were the validation sheet, the implementation observation sheet, and the test. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The learning tools developed meet the valid, practical and effective criteria in terms of their respective criteria. 2) There was an increase in the NGain of students' problem solving abilities using problem-based tools developed in the first trial of 0.32 in the low category, an increase in the second trial of 0.53 in the moderate category. And there was an increase in the N-Gain of students' metacognition abilities using problem-based devices developed in the first trial of 0.29 in the low category in the second trial of 0.47 in the moderate category.


 The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of educational trends on A. Törnudd's (1913) and V. Siukonen's (1929) methods of music education (teaching and singing) in Finland from 1863 to the late 1930s. In the examination of methods the analysis focuses on the time when Törnudd and Siukonen were influential. A model of analysis was created in the study, with the help of which common and divergent elements in the educational trends and methods of music education were sought. According to the study, Törnudd's pattern singing method represented the Old School starting points, but he was a supporter of the work school, for instance. Siukonen's method was based on the New School principle in which the child-centered education philosophy and the developmental-psychological growth and development were taken into account in developing the method. Siukonen raised singing by ear as a central feature, from which children made observations. Methodical transition period took place at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s. However, in teaching singing, the effects of the new trends were seen as early as from the late 1910s


Table of Contents 6 Using symbols 10 Building Blocks to Creativity 11 Introduction 13-44 Chapter 1: Painting and Drawing Examples of activities: Newspaper Design, Cardboard Box Painting, Fresco, Impasto, Scrimshaw, Felt Drawings, Nature Rubbings, Shadow Paintings, Leaf Burst 45-94 Chapter 2: Sculpture and Mobiles Examples of activities: String Sew, Newspaper Sculpture, Paper Tube Sculpture, Shadow Art, Cardboard City, Aces Wild Sculpture, Lid Mobile, Theme Tree, Cinnamon Ornaments, Sandy Bakery, Seashell Display, On-Site Beach, Pebble Towers, Shell Chimes 95-128 Chapter 3: Collage and Printing Examples of activities: String Collage, Wood Shavings Collage, Dried Bean Pictures, Waxed Paper Leaf Collage, Sandwich bag Designs, Funny Paper Art, Yarn Prints, Chalk Floats, Bubble Pop Art, Garden Prints, Foiled Leaf, Pressed Cookie Print 129-180 Chapter 4: Weaving and Crafts Examples of activities: Branch Weave, Fence Weave, Fruit Basket Weave, Shrinkles, Stained Glass Lantern, Luminaries, Nature Wreath, Holiday Chain, Wildflower Chain, Feather Necklace, Pebble Necklace, Newspaper Beds, Egg Shell Planters 181-214 Chapter 5: Homemade by Hand Examples of activities: Earth Paints, earth Crayons, Nature Paintbrush, Egg Shell Crayons, Homemade Rice Paste, Homemade paper, Recycled Wrap, Natural Berry Dye, Onion Skin Egg Dye, Homemade Fossils, Pressed Plants, Old Sock Puppets 215-224 Chapter 6: Resource Guide Examples: Where to Find Free Materials, Environmental Organizations, Bibliography, Indexes, About the Authors


ABSTRACT
This paper aims showing the motives and objectives for which the Nama Laws were founded during the Ottoman State period. The Ottoman state needed to organize the administrative issues and to protect its citizens from the injustice of the rulers and the state officials. This was one of the most important motives the paper concluded. Also it aimed to unite its judicial system and to replace the non-Islamic rules with the Islamic ones.
As for the objectives it concluded that most significant is to implement the Islamic rules, to organize the courts work, to determine the authorities of the judges, to ease and facilitate the judicial process and to guarantee the activation of the valid laws approved by the Sultan. This is in addition to aiming to inform the citizens the laws which rule them?
These rules took the its formal and mandatory form because they were within the ruler's authority and were applied in courts and administrative institutions.


Kernel algorithm is a new nonlinear technique in the machine learning field with great practical value.In the Kernel algorithm Kernel Matrix serves as a bridge between data-in and learning algorithms.The low-rank approximation of Kernel Matrix is an effective means of advancing the computational efficiency of Kernel algorithm and reducing the internal memory.Based on the correlation between data and minimal residual norm,the forward greedy algorithm,the backward greedy algorithm and the mixed greedy algorithm are proposed to look for the optimum low-rank approximation.A sparse regression algorithm(SRA)is presented which effectively cuts off "training samples"and keeps good generalization capacity.With comparison to SVM,KA and KPCR,the superiority of SRA is demonstrated on two datasets.


This study investigated the degree of stress in 50 African American grandparents (M = 63.12 years) who are raising their grandchildren and identified the importance of caregiver characteristics, the caregiving situation, and specific coping strategies that influence stress. Data were collected via interview at senior centers and churches in Harris County, Texas. The instruments used to measure stress and coping were the Parenting Stress Index and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Of grandparents, 94% reported a clinically significant level of stress. Use of professional counseling, special school programs, and length of caregiving longer than 5 years were associated with less stress. Coping strategies significantly correlated with less stress included accepting responsibility, confrontive coping, self-control, positive reappraisal, planful problem solving, and distancing. This study adds to the limited information about custodial grandparents and suggests counseling, support groups, and education to help them manage stress associated with their caregiving situation more effectively.


We have shown that the radioplastic affect sign in changes at Tc=250 260 K. The irradiation at TTc a softening. The microhardness kinetics during beta irradiation and after that was studied in temperature range from 170 up to 340 K.


Browse utilization estimates based on twig length and twig weight were compared for skunkbush sumac, wax currant, and chokecherry. Linear regression analysis was valid for twig length data; twig weight equations are nonlinear. Estimates of twig weight are more accurate. Problems encountered during development of a utilization model are discussed.


Many entities strive to be innovative in their pursuits, however, history has shown that some of the most innovative advances have occurred when the particular efforts are focused on something else. Some of the greatest innovations have happened by chance, or by an error in regular procedure or experimentation, or even a byproduct of an alternate use of existing technology. For this post, we'll look at innovations brought on by Serendipity, Errors, or Exaptation.


To reveal the effects of flooding on underwater photosynthesis of riparian plant species Salix variegata Franch. and Arundinella anomala Steud. in Three Gorges reservoir region, a flooding simulation experiment was conducted and the underwater photosynthesis of S. variegata and A. anomala was analyzed. Two flooding-depth levels and five flooding durations were set in the experiment. Two flooding-depth levels included: control and submerged with 2m water depth (top of plants 2m below water surface). Five flooding durations included: 5 days, 15 days, 20days, 40 days and 60 days. The underwater photosynthesis was determined by Chlorolab-2 oxygen electrode produced by Hansatech Company in England. The results showed that: (1) After60d inundation, all submerged S. variegata and A. anomala were 100% survived, but two kinds of typical terrestrial species (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.) died of inundation after 40 d and 15 d, respectively. (2) With the same flooding durations and flooding-depth levels, the underwater photosynthetic rates (release of oxygen) of S. variegata and A. anomala were significantly higher than those of two typical terrestrial species (C. camphora and D. sanguinalis). (3) After long-term inundation, S. variegata and A. anomala could maintain photosynthetic capacity. After 40 d and 60 d inundation, the underwater photosynthesis of S. variegata and A. anomala submerged with 2 m water depth was significantly lower than that of control plants, but (submerged plants) still had underwater photosynthetic capacity, the values of photosynthetic rate were 0.202 μmol•m^(-2)•s^(-1) and 0.139 μmol•m^(-2)•s^(-1), respectively. It was also found that after long-term inundation, the underwater photosynthetic rate of S. variegate was higher than A. anomala. Our work shows that as regards survival rate and underwater photosynthesis, S. variegata and A. anomala have high adaptation to inundation, they are promising species for revegetation of riparian area in Three Gorge reservoir region.


A Pd–U–Si metallic glass transforms upon annealing to a quasicrystalline phase of the same composition. Electron diffraction patterns of this material verify its icosahedral symmetry. Differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy are used to obtain both the nucleation and growth kinetics of this glass-to-quasicrystal, first-order phase tranformation. The homogeneous nucleation rate of the quasicrystaUine phase in the metallic glass achieves a maximum at a temperture where its growth is still relatively slow.


Building an empathic conversation agent in open-domain is a key step towards affective computing and intelligent interactions. However, most current methods either focus on the consistency of content or the controllability of emotion and handling both factors are not yet properly solved. In this paper, we propose the multi-task and dual attentions (MTDA) framework for generating an emotional response. The MTDA framework decomposes the input utterance into the content layer and emotional layer, and then encodes and decodes them separately, which makes this end-to-end model more interpretable and controllable. A multi-task learning based encoder is employed in the MTDA framework, which can obtain the representation of the content and the emotion through unsupervised learning and supervised learning. A dual attention mechanism is adopted for decoding, which ensures that specific emotional responses are coherent with the content and the emotion of the input. We also combine the MTDA framework with state of the art generative models to train emotional generation systems. Extensive experiments show that our model can not only adapt to different target emotion goals but also generate coherent and informative responses.


ABSTRACT Evaluation of scientific evidence is one of the challenges arising in the tribunal and court cases that deal with the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (nm). Given the difficulties rooted in the interface between law and science regarding the establishment of the entitlement to the continental shelf beyond 200 nm, the current judicial practice offers limited guidance in enhancing transparency and openness in evaluating the scientific evidence. Utilizing procedures providing for the assistance of experts is advisable, as this could facilitate the achievement of an equitable solution in the cases.


Abstract This commentary supplements the work of a creative practice research project that generates new ways of thinking about innovation and entrepreneurial processes. Our creative method, underwritten by the logic of sensation and presented in film format, operates as an alternative form of research in these fields, where results are normally conveyed in book or journal paper. Film-based research has developed distinctive qualitative, empirical and theoretical vocabularies that can expand the nature and range of evidence, argument and expression across the broad range of innovation and entrepreneurship studies. 600 Mills, the film that accompanies this paper, is available at https://doi.org/10.1080/08109028.2017.1336011.


Sun induced fluorescence at 760 nm (F760) has shown to provide a valid approach to quantify gross primary production (GPP) at various scales, however the relationship between GPP and F760 is influenced by the escape probability of fluorescence (Fesc), a variable which is not still fully understood. Combining radiative transfer modelling approaches, by means of the SCOPE model, and a data driven methodology based on variable selection methods we identify the predictors of Fesc, focusing on the effect of functional and structural traits. We show that Fesc is mainly predicted by structural variables such as fraction of grasses and near infrared reflectance. Building on the analysis of the predictor of Fesc, LUEp and LUEf we present a semi-empirical model formulation based only on optical data that significantly improves the GPP prediction.


The issue of undeserving patent monopolies is not new. The monopoly rights resulting from patent protection triggered hot debates in different phases of the evolution of the patent system. The patent monopolies have been particularly controversial when granted undeservingly. This paper provides a historical background of the issue of undeserving patent monopolies and endeavours to highlight implications thereof for underprivileged consumers. The first part of the paper discusses initial two phases in the evolution of the patent system. In the first phase, the monopolies were granted in the absence of any well-defined patentability criteria. In the second phase, there were patentability criteria but the patent system lacked a requirement of review or examination of patent applications. The second part of this paper discusses the current phase when patents are granted as per well-defined patentability criteria after examination of the patent applications but still many undeserving applications arguably make it to the grant and have serious implications for consumers. Keeping in view the scope of this study, the analysis in this part is confined to ramifications of undeserving patent monopolies in the innovation-based pharmaceutical industry only. The last part sums up the discussion and concludes the paper.


Background : Honey was reported to reduce pain and inflammation from burn wound. To date, no study has compared between the effects of Tualang honey and prednisolone on inflammatory responses in rats. This study has examined the effects of Tualang honey and prednisolone on inflammatory pain and its associated inflammatory responses secondary to formalin injection. Methods : Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomised into control, Tualang honey (1.2 g/kg) or prednisolone (10 mg/kg) groups. Formalin test was conducted and the rats were sacrificed at four-hours post-formalin injection. Serum was collected for measurement of leukocyte counts and interleukins level. All data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Scheffe's or Dunnet's C test. Significance level was taken as less than 0.05. Results : Tualang honey and prednisolone groups had significantly reduced pain behaviour and paw edema compared to control group. Tualang honey group demonstrated a significant increase in blood neutrophil count while prednisolone group had significant reduction in blood lymphocyte and monocyte counts compared to control group. Only interleukin-6 level was significantly reduced in honey group. Both interleukin-6 and -8 levels were significantly reduced in prednisolone group.  Conclusions : Tualang honey is comparable to prednisolone in modulating the inflammatory pain responses in rats; however, with regards to local and systemic inflammatory responses, it has differential effects compared to prednisolone.


Acid constants of Dowex A-1 chelating resin and stability constants of metalresin complexes have been determined, using a special theoretical approach. The differences found between the stability constants do not encourage the use of this resin for the separation of heavy metals.


Composite coating of Ni60A+WC/12Co was obtained on the surface of preheated 45 steel through laser melting coaxially delivered composite powders.In the coating there is distributed large quantity of Co-bonded WC particles,which are well bonded with the matrix alloy.There is little dissolution for the Co-bonded WC particles.The coating is metallurgically bonded with the substrate.Preheating the substrate suitably can avoid the cracking of the coating.The obtained composite coating is very hard.The hardness for the matrix is 1030HV0.3,and up to 2050HV0.3 for the Co-bonded WC particles.


Agile information system development literature often regards project performance as meeting time, cost and quality and overlooked the importance of human skills and competency of software developers. This gap in agile information system development literature is problematic for several reasons. First, the relationship between software developers' competency and project performance in agile information system development projects are overlooked, resulting in a partial understanding of agile information system development projects; Second, software developer competency has been shown to increase team performance and successful project outcomes; and finally agile information system development projects include the evident aspects of both meeting technical efficiency such as meeting time, cost and quality and also social aspect or human-side management to build a computer-based information system. Thus, in this research, we examine the role of emotional intelligence on team performance in agile information system development projects. In addition, we examine the mechanism underlying the relationship between emotional intelligence and team performance.


The utility model relates to a paper pressing mechanism of an automatic paper conveying shredder. The paper pressing mechanism comprises an upper cover plate, X-shaped movable supports and a paper pressing plate, a mounting plate is arranged at the upper end of the inner side of the upper cover plate, the mounting plate is connected with the paper pressing plate at the lower end of the mechanism through the symmetrically-arranged X-shaped movable supports on the two sides of the mechanism, connecting rods are connected between the four opposite end points and the middle supporting point of the X-shaped movable supports on the two sides of the mechanism, a motor is arranged in the middle of the lower end face of the mounting plate, a pulley seat is arranged on the edge of one side of the lower end face of the mounting plate, a stretching rotary shaft of the motor is connected with one end of a connecting rope, the other end of the connecting rope bypasses a pulley on the pulley seat and is connected with one adjacent connecting rod, the connecting rod connected with the connecting rope is sleeved with a T-shaped guide rod, and the T-shaped guide rod and guide plates arranged on the lower end face of the mounting plate in parallel are connected and can relatively slide. The paper pressing mechanism is simple in structure, the motor is adopted to drive the pressing plate to vertically move automatically, the operation is convenient, and paper pressing safety is guaranteed.


The research presented in this thesis is a study of union responses to subcontracted
labour in England and Korea. Subcontracting leads to separation of employers, and
places existing union structures and resources, and traditional collective bargaining
systems under strain. A study of union representation in relation to subcontracted
workers is important because it can address how unions deal with more complex
employment relationships. This also helps explore which factors contribute to
patterns of union responses.
This research conducted a comparative study of eight branches of the largest unions
in the English and Korean health sectors with different institutional settings. This
employed qualitative case studies using fifty-three semi-structured interviews,
observation, and document analysis. Evidence showed that typical responses
between the two varied, but there were also two outlying cases in Korea, showing
similar responses to those in England. Differences in the institutional contexts of the
source of restructuring, legal regulations, collective bargaining systems and union
structures explained why English union branches adopted more inclusive strategies
toward subcontracted workers than those in Korea. However, empirical evidence
showed that union responses were also influenced by some non-institutional factors
such as branch leadership, the attitude of the represented and effective working with
allies in the community. Despite the importance of institutions in shaping union
responses, they are not sufficient alone to explain variations in union responses and it
is necessary to consider an integrated approach considering both institutional and
non-institutional factors in a single analytical framework.
This study contributes to the field of comparative industrial relations research in
three ways. First, it extends the scope of research on union responses to contingent
workers by investigating responses to subcontracted workers. Second, it goes beyond
classifying union responses by presenting their underlying dynamics. Third, it
challenges existing ways of conducting comparative industrial relations studies
predicated upon the staple proposition that 'institutions matter', highlighting the
importance of an integrated approach.


The existing macroeconometric evidence lends support to the wage Phillips curve by showing a negative relation between the rate of change in wages and the unemployment rate, conditional on lagged price inflation. Most theoretical models of wage setting, however, generate a "wage curve," described by a negative relation between the level of the real wage and unemployment.


Objective To investigate the incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade following the use of pancuronium and vecuronium and the feasibility of reducing the incidence of postoperative residual curarization(PORC) by perioperative TOF monitoring. Methods 81 adults ASA I -Ⅱ patients(male 46, female 35) undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were prospectively randomized to one of the four groups: group V+ M:vecuronium with TOF monitoring( n = 21 ), group V:vecuronium without TOF monitoring( n = 23), group P + M: pancuronium with TOF monitoring( n = 19)and group P: pancuronium without TOF monitoring( n = 18). Patients with renal, liver and neuromuscular diseases were excluded. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular pethidine 50mg and promethazine 25mg and subcutaneous atropine 0.5mg. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.0-2.5mg/kg, fentanyl 100μg and droperidol 5mg. When the patients lost consciousness TOF was monitored by stimulation of ulnar nerve using acceleromyograph(TOF-Guard, Biometer, Denmark). Then pancuronium or vecuvenium 0.08-0.12mg/kg was given iv and 3min later the patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated. PET CO2 was maintained at 32-38mmHg. Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 50% N2O and low concentration of isoflurane( < 0.75 % ) and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl(0.05-0.10μg/kg). During operation muscle relaxation was maintained with small increments of pancuronium or vecuronium when T2 returned(in group P + M and group V + M) or on clinical evaluation(in group P and group V). At the end of operation neostigmine 0.04mg/kg and atropine 0.02mg/kg were given iv when T2returned in group P + M and group V + M. In group V and group P the anesthesiologist made the decision if the reversal was necessary. In ICU the incidence and duration of residual neuromuscular blockade were recorded. TOF ratio(T4/T1 )< 0.70 was the criterion of residual neuromuscular blockade. Results The incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade (T4/T1 < 0.70) was greater in group V (39.13%) and group P(83.33%) than that in group V+ M(23.8%) and group P+ M (42.11%). The duration of PORC was longer in group V [ (30.00 + 15.12)min] and group P[ (44.87 + 31.39)min] than that in group V+ M[(11.00+5.48)min] and group P+M[(21.15+ 11.62)min]. The total dose of pancuronium and vecuronium in group V and P was significantly larger than that in group V + M and P +M. Conclusions Perioperative TOF monitoring decreases the incidence and duration of PORC following the use of non-depolarizing muscle relaxant. The incidence of PORC is significantly greater and duration longer after pancuronium than vecuronium. It is necessary to antagonize the residual paralysis produced by non-depolarizing muscle relaxant routinely.


Irradiation of organic polymers by short pulses of far‐UV (e.g., 193 nm) laser light causes ablative photodecomposition (APD) of the material. This etching process occurs cleanly leaving behind a well‐defined pit. Longer wavelength (e.g., 532 nm) laser light also ablates material from a polymeric solid. However, this process is distinct from APD in that the sample near the pit is distorted and melted. Microscopic models are presented here for both the photochemical and thermal processes. The photochemical model predicts that well‐defined pits will be formed, that narrow angular distributions of the ablated material should be observed, and that the average perpendicular ejection velocity will be 1000–2000 m/s. The thermal model predicts melting or distortion of the solid and a broad angular distribution of the ejected material.


Abstract : Blast resistant design has come to the forefront of engineering concerns in the wake of recent terrorist threats to the United States. Safety and security are of utmost concern when designing structures, and there has been a significant rise in the demand for researching new methods of reinforcing and retrofitting structures to provide better resistance to blast loadings. The focus of this paper is on the use of thin sheets as a method of such retrofits. Research is done to ascertain the sheets strength, analyze the response of the sheets to the application of static pressure, explore strength and ductility limits, investigate connection details, and develop an analytical model for defining the materials static resistance function, which will be verified by experimental data. The analytical model for the resistance function will be used in a single-degree of freedom (SDOF) dynamic model to predict the response of the sheathings in a blast-retrofitted wall system.


The main peculiarities of constructing set of equipment for analysis of α-autoradiographic images are discussed. Hardware, software and metrological means are analysed. The structure of the equipment is presented providing for inspecting homogeneity of plutonium dioxide distribution by means of α-autoradiography under shop conditions. The software has been written on the basis of "RAFOS" (RT-II) operational system. The basic programming language is "FORTRAN IV". The necessary components and structure of application programs are discussed. As far as metrological means are concerned, built-in and application devices providing for control of the equipment operating characteristics stability are described.


This research was conducted at Plantation Sub Sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The purpose of this study is to find out how the condition of earnings per share and share prices in plantation sub-sector companies every year and to find out how much influence per share per share on stock prices. The method used in this research is associative hypothesis testing method. The data collection technique is documentation observation. By doing a simple linear regression analysis, Correlation Analysis, Correlation Coefficient Analysis and Hypothesis Testing which is calculated using SPSS V.20. The level of strength of the relationship (correlation) between the variable earnings per share with stock prices is equal to 0.906 or very strong. The correlation coefficient is positive, that is 0.906, Rquer value is 0.821. This value implies that the effect of earnings per share on stock prices is 82.1%. Based on the results of the t test, it is known that the significant value or Sig. (2-tailed) is 0,000, because the Sig value (2-tailed) is 0,000 <or more smaller than 0.05, it means that there is a significant relationship between variable earnings per share with variable stock prices. with a simple linear regression equation Y = 1,487 + 0,886 X. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that earnings per share has a positive and significant effect on the share prices of plantation sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesian Securities Exchange 2011-2016. this research is expected to be used as a material consideration for making decisions in stock investing.


The Okhotsk Sea is covered by seasonal sea-ice in winter known as the southern limit of the sea-ice covered area in the northern Northern Hemisphere. When the sea-ice forms, brine water with high salinity is ejected. Because the density of the brine water is higher than the surrounding seawater, it sinks to the ocean interior and forms the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water (OSIW). The OSIW is the source water of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW). Diatom is a marine phytoplankton and the assemblage is sensitively responding to environmental change in euphotic zone. Their biogenic opal (SiO 2 ・nH 2 O) frustules can be well-preserved in sediments. Therefore, fossil diatom assemblage in sediment is useful to reconstruct paleoenvironment change. In this study, diatom assemblages in 12 surface sediments from the Okhotsk Sea were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). In each sample, around 100 valves are photographed and counted. Chaetoceros genus was separately counted without taking photo. Based on the microscopic observation, 33 diatom taxa including 15 genera 22 species were identified. Relative abundances of sea-ice related species and cold-water species were high in every sample. Geographically, relative abundances of sea-ice related species in the western Okhotsk Sea off Sakhalin Island were significantly higher than that in the eastern Okhotsk Sea off Kamchatka Peninsula. This is consistent with sea-ice coverage conditions which is much longer in the western Okhotsk Sea., In particular, in the Amur river estuary, relative abundances of sea-ice related species were greater than 40 %. Fragilariopsis cylindrus is the dominant ice in of the Okhotsk cylindrus in 9 on in the western Okhotsk Okhotsk There was a consistent relationship between sea-ice covered period and relative of sea-ice species frequency. Relative abundance of F. cylindrus under FE-SEM in this study light study. Fragilariopsis cylindrus and it might be a for the underestimate of this light


The consequences on international trade of colonial rule have received anincreasing attention. This paper investigates the effect of independence on trade with a focus on former French colonies. Thanks to an original dataset including data on pre-independence bilateral trade for former French colonies, we obtain more accurate results on the effect of independence on bilateral trade patterns. We show that that independence reduces trade (imports andexports) with the former metropole and that this effect is mainly driven byformer French colonies. We also show that, after independence, trade (importsand exports) of all former colonies increase with the rest of the world (othercountries not belonging to the same empire).


Symptoms suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome remain one of the most common reasons for emergency department presentations worldwide.1 However, only a small proportion of patients have myocardial infarction, and therefore strategies to expedite evaluation are valuable both for patients and healthcare systems.2

The introduction of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays that are able to measure very low concentrations of cardiac troponin at high-precision has been one of the most important innovations in cardiovascular diagnostics in recent years.3 There is now substantial evidence demonstrating the excellent prognostic value of very low troponin concentrations, which have been incorporated into multiple early rule-out pathways for myocardial infarction.4 While some of these pathways are now recommended by national and international guidelines and have been implemented in clinical care, their performance has largely been evaluated in observational studies, and the true safety and efficacy of implementing these approaches is not known.5 Many of the observational studies were performed in small, selected patient populations and based on a retrospective analysis where the pathways were not used to guide clinical care.4 Conversely, there have been very few randomised controlled trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of these approaches.3 6

It is in this context that the LoDED (Limit of Detection and ECG Discharge) investigators must be congratulated for successfully delivering a prospective multicentre randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing an early rule-out pathway in adults with suspected cardiac chest pain and no evidence of myocardial ischaemia on the ECG.7 The LoDED strategy identified patients as eligible for discharge from the emergency department where the troponin concentration at presentation was below a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I or T assays limit of detection. They recruited a total of 629 patients across eight hospitals in England and Wales and …


In this paper, we study what users talk about in a plethora of independent hyperlocal and anonymous online communities in a single country: Saudi Arabia (KSA). We base this perspective on performing a content classification of the Jodel network in the KSA. To do so, we first contribute a content classification schema that assesses both the intent (why) and the topic (what) of posts. We use the schema to label 15k randomly sampled posts and further classify the top 1k hashtags. We observe a rich set of benign (yet at times controversial in conservative regimes) intents and topics that dominantly address information requests, entertainment, or dating/flirting. By comparing two large cities (Riyadh and Jeddah), we further show that hyperlocality leads to shifts in topic popularity between local communities. By evaluating votes (content appreciation) and replies (reactions), we show that the communities react differently to different topics; e.g., entertaining posts are much appreciated through votes, receiving the least replies, while beliefs & politics receive similarly few replies but are controversially voted.


The endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) technique has become the gold standard for submucosal tumors that have negligible risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM), due to its minimal invasiveness and ability to improve quality of life. However, this technique is limited in stage T1 cancers that have a low risk of LNM. Endoscopic full thickness resection can be achieved with laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS), which combines laparoscopic gastric wall resection and ESD. In LECS, the surgical margins from the tumor are clearly achieved while performing organ-preserving surgery. To overcome the limitation of classical LECS, namely the opening of the gastric wall during the procedure, which increases the risk of peritoneal tumor seeding, non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery was developed. With this full-thickness resection technique, contact between the intra-abdominal space and the intragastric space was eliminated. Core Tip: The initial indication for laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) was gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) without ulcerative features. Later, the LECS procedure was expanded to include gastric SMTs with ulceration and gastric cancer (GC) with negligible risk of lymph node metastasis. Currently, LECS can be applied to early GC in which sentinel node (surgical nodal basin) dissection can be performed with intra-operative evaluation by one-step nucleic acid amplification. Modified LECS procedures have been developed, such as inverted LECS, non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery, a combination of laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches to neoplasia with a nonexposure technique, and closed LECS.


In this study,the inhibitory effect of an acid polysaccharide from Gracilaria lemaneiformis(GLSPs) on H22-bearing mice was investigated.The influence of GLSPs on the cell cycle and apoptosis of tumor cells in vivo was studied using flow cytometry.The effect of GLSPs on splenetic lymphocyte proliferation and killing activity of NK cells in tumor-bearing mice were determined by MTT assay.The tissue pathological detection of the immune organs(spleen and thymus) in mice was performed.The results showed that apoptosis of H22 hepatoma cells in mice was promoted by GLSPs,and tumor growth was remarkably inhibited.Intragastric administration of GLSPs at 200 mg/(kg·d) and 600 mg/(kg·d) in tumor-bearing mice for 28 days resulted in an average inhibition rate of tumor volume of 84.65% and 94.58%,respectively.Immunological tests in tumor-bearing mice showed that pathological changes,including splenic enlargement and thymic atrophy,were significantly improved,and the function of the immune organs was reinforced.Moreover,the drastic increase of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the blood of tumor-bearing mice was effectively regulated,while the proliferation of T and B cells induced by ConA and LPS as well as the killing activity of NK cells were significantly improved.Thus,the immunity of tumor-bearing mice was enhanced through different mechanisms.These results indicate that GLSPs have anti-tumor effects in vivo via immunomodulation.


Abstract This report describes preliminary findings about the connections between type 2 diabetes, mental health, and normative social roles among women living in Delhi, India. We conducted freelist interviews with 62 diabetic and nondiabetic women about women's roles, perceptions of diabetes, and "tension," a common Hindi-language idiom used to express stress. Using the freelist results, we produced and then administered a questionnaire to a pilot sample of 33 diabetic women. Among the diabetic women, physical symptoms of diabetes predicted higher biomedical anxiety and "tension," whereas difficulties achieving gender-specific social roles predicted higher biomedical depression. We conclude that both physical symptoms of diabetes and difficulties achieving socially important roles contribute to poor mental health among these diabetic women; further research will clarify the relationships among depression, anxiety, "tension," and women's physically and socially mediated experiences of diabetes.


Internet of Things (loT) is network connected "Things" such as vehicles, buildings, embedded systems, sensors, as well as people. IoT enables these objects to collect and exchange data of interest to complete various tasks including patient health monitoring, environmental monitoring, system condition prognostics and prediction, smart grid, smart buildings, smart cities, and do on. Due to the large scale of and the limited host processor computation power in an IoT system, effective security provisioning is shifting from software-based security implementation to hardware-based security implementation in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. Moreover, FPGA can take over the work of infrastructure components to preserve and protect critical components and minimize the negative impacts on these components. In this paper, we employ Xilinx Zynq-7000 Series System-on-Chip (SoC) ZC706 prototype board to design an IoT device. To defend against threats to FPGA design, we have studied Zynq-ZC706 to (1) encrypt FPGA bitstream to protect the IoT device from bitstream decoding; (2) encrypt system boot image to enhance system security; and (3) ensure the FPGA operates correctly as intended via authentication to avoid spoofing and Trojan Horse attacks.


Twenty-two samples of fungi (Agaricales) were collected from six parks in Helsin ki, Finland, and analysed for lead, cadmium and zinc. The lead and cadmium contents were higher than had been observed in earlier investigations concerning vegetables. The lead contents were 2.2—41 ppm, the cadmium contents 0.17— 10.3 ppm and the zinc contents 24—345 ppm of dry weight. The lead concen trations were significantly higher in decomposer fungi than in mycorrhizal fungi. The lead and cadmium concentrations correlated well with the traffic density in the adjacent streets. Beside busy streets the concentrations were so high that the fungi could not be recommended for use as food.


Over the last twenty years there has been a great deal of research focussed on this sort of L-series in relation to the so-called "Conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer". Numerical calculation has proved to be an important and useful guide in these researches ([BS-D]). Computation of examples may be used to test conjectures äs well äs to guide general theory. As such it is important to have efficient algorithms for Computing these L-series.


Wire processing consists of three processes; 1) stretch, 2) cleaning, and 3) annealing. Although the conventional method is the separate process, we investigate a method, which is possible to perform cleaning and annealing simultaneously by using discharge plasma in atmospheric pressure. The annealing process heats a metallic wire in order to improve the ductility and to remove the remaining stress in the stretch process. We study a power supply system, from the view points of cost, simplicity, and maintenance ability.


seen them at any other time than in the autumn rvhen the grapes are approaching matu;ity. RnueorBs.-As it is possible that most of the iate brood pass the winter in the chrysalis state attached to the leaves, if these rvere gathered and burned a large number of the insects would perish. The infested grapes might also be gathered and destroyed. This insect is attacked by a small parasite which doubtless does its part towards keeping the enemy in subjection.


Abstract Exploring rural employment and entrepreneurship of undergraduate graduates in the context of rural revitalization strategy is conducive to providing human resources for rural revitalization. This paper starts from the Gaussian mixture model, introduces the specific principle of the Gaussian mixture model, then introduces the EM algorithm under the data mining algorithm, and points out that the EM algorithm is often used as an iterative optimization method for great likelihood estimation, and explains the principle and process steps of the algorithm in detail. The EM algorithm is used to solve the logarithmic great likelihood estimate of the Q function with conditional probability density function, and then the EM algorithm is applied to the Gaussian mixture model to update the values of its parameters, and the performance of the EM-GMM algorithm is also evaluated. Finally, the EM-GMM algorithm analyzes the impact of employment unit preference and employment promotion policies on the undergraduate graduates of four universities in a certain area. From the performance evaluation, the algorithm's accuracy in this paper is 94.54%, which is 21.29 and 5.02 percentage points higher than that of the K-means-EM algorithm and FCM-EM algorithm, respectively. Regarding employment unit preference, 45.82% and 22.09% of undergraduate graduates are more inclined to be employed in township government agencies, state-owned enterprises, and institutions. Promoting rural employment and entrepreneurship of undergraduate graduates requires strengthening employment guidance and employment concept correction to provide fresh blood for rural revitalization.


A review of

Hancox, Dan, ed. 2011. Fight Back! A Reader on the Winter of Protest. London, U.K.: Opendemocracy.Net.

Solomon, Clare and Tania Palmieri. 2011. Springtime: The New Student Rebellions. Brooklyn: Verso Books.


This paper proposes the design and simulation of a Fuzzy Logic based PID controller for DC motor speed control. The speed of a DC motor depends on armature voltage, field current and torque. In this paper, the armature voltage is changed in order to have the required speed output. The armature voltage is firstly controlled by a simple proportional controller and then controlled by PID constants and tuned by a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The FLC tunes the values of PID parameters based on the fuzzy rules fed into it and gives a satisfactory output wave shape for wide range of motor speed variation. Constant output voltage is maintained in the proposed system though changes are done in input voltage. Hence, significant amount of reduction in overshoot is observed which improves the efficiency of the motor. MATLAB-Simulink environment is used to achieve the results of the simulation and carry out the analysis.


Aiming at the slow convergence problem of clonal selection algorithm,this paper proposes an adaptive parallel immune algorithm with orthomutation(APIA).By adopting adaptive parallel search strategy with orthomutation operator in the memory base,the APIA can strength the ability of local directed search and jump out of local optimization.In addition,this proposed algorithm improves hypermutation operator to increase operational efficiency of the algorithm.The simulation experiment results show that the APIA has better optimizing capacity than clonal selection algorithm and traditional generic algorithm,and effectively increases the convergence speed and shortens the search time.


A series of experiments was carried out to validate a -150 °C ultra-low temperature freezer for its possible use to properly freeze and store semen. In the first part, rude sample handling was simulated to see whether temperature of stored samples was maintained within a safe range; also, the freezing point and latent heat of fusion plateau of a semen extender were monitored. In the second part, buck semen was (1) frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in the ultra-low freezer, (2) frozen and stored in the ultra-low freezer, and (3) frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen, to compare sperm
cryosurvival between freezing methods. Both, frequent removal of samples and long opening of the freezer door did not negatively affect stored samples' temperature; latent heat of fusion plateau was five minutes long. Semen stored either at-
150 or at-196 °C. cryosurvived similarly after two days and two months of cryopreservation.


Opportunity cost is defined as the cost of opportunity lost in pursuit of another option.Scarcity of resources is a prerequisite for the options of opportunity cost.This paper is suggested that based on the distinctiveness of the opportunity cost with regard to geological prospecting,those who engaged in geological prospecting should emphasize and grasp the opportunity cost;take a broad and long view in mineral exploration,exploitation and comprehensive utilization;make the choice carefully and execute scientifically;make great efforts to optimize resource allocation,economize the use of resources,minimize the opportunity cost,as well as maximize economic benefits.


The revolution of science and technology in the new era is rising. New industries, formats, and models led by information technology are emerging. Scientific research has entered the fourth data-intensive paradigm. As an important part of the science and technology innovation system, universities also have new requirements for their scientific research management system. In this article, it is suggested that the efficiency and quality of scientific research management in universities could be enhanced by reconstructing the organizational structure of scientific research management, improve the service capabilities of scientific research managers, perfecting the scientific research evaluation system, and innovating the management model of cross-research teams.


A fundamental bottleneck in text-to-image synthesis is that there are rarely subjective quality evaluation metrics for a single generated image. To address this issue, this paper proposed a procedure to evaluate the single generated image, which includes a specific dataset named multiple metrics quality assessment for birds(MMQA Birds) and a learning model named blind generated image evaluator(BGIE). The motivation of our proposal is twofold. On the one hand, subjective image quality evaluation is a human perceptual task; Therefore, it tends to be a process of supervised learning. To the best of our knowledge, there are not any datasets for this study. Thus, we handle this problem via designing a specific dataset. On the other hand, we observed that the spatial content of generated image attracts more attention when humans judge its quality; According to this finding, an efficient machine-learning model that combines both pixel-level features and spatial features is proposed. Extensive experiments manifest our method can solve this problem to some extent. In the generated image dataset, BGIE surpasses the state-of-art NSS-based method by 6.3% in PLCC and SRCC. In practice, we further discuss the rationality of the MMQA Birds dataset and the application of BGIE. It proves that both in subjective and objective aspects, our method achieves convincing results.


Background. Limited information is available regarding the impact of childhood tumour on the cerebral hemispheres and supratentorial cranial fossa. However, a recent study found that children managed for a tumour located in this region may demonstrate reduced general language abilities. However, the indirect or direct impact of a tumour in this region on higher-level language abilities in childhood is at present largely unknown. Materials and methods. The present study examined the higher language and phonological awareness abilities of five children treated for supratentorial tumour ranging in age from seven to fourteen years in age. Assessments included measures of receptive and expressive semantic abilities, inferencing, figurative language, and problem solving, as well as a comprehensive pre-literacy test. Results. As a group, reductions were evident in problem solving, and in the ability to receive and decode content of high-level language when compared to a group of age- and gender-matched peers. At an individual level, only two of five children managed for supratentorial tumour demonstrated language deficits. These two cases were noted to be the same children previously identified as also having general language deficits. More widespread findings were noted in phonological awareness, with four of the five children previously managed for supratentorial tumour demonstrating weaknesses in one or more areas. Conclusions. Findings demonstrated that weaknesses in general language ability in children managed for supratentorial tumour may indicate higher-level language difficulties. Language abilities beyond general measures of language should be monitored, as well as long-term consideration of phonological awareness abilities in this population.


The invention discloses an alloying trimming method, which comprises the following steps: grinding alloying material into micropowder; utilizing normal dusting system to set dusting pipe on the air brick1 on the bottom of ladle 2; adding alloying powder from top of dusting tank 4 in the dusting system; adopting argon as carrier; transmitting alloy powder into the air brick 1 on the bottom of ladle 2 through dusting system; trimming alloy in the ladle; blowing argon continuously to stir after transmitting alloy agent; blending alloy powder and molten steel 3 in the ladle 2 directly to finish the alloying course.


This paper presents an algorithm that determines the fundamental frequency of sampled speech by segmenting the signal into pitch periods. Segmentation is achieved by identifying those samples of the waveform corresponding to the beginning of each pitch period. The segmentation is accomplished in three phases. First, using zero crossing and energy measurements, a data structure is constructed from the speech samples. This structure contains candidates for pitch period markers. Next, the number of candidate markers within this structure is reduced utilizing syllabic segmentation, coarse pitch frequency estimations, and discrimination functions. Finally, the remaining pitch period markers are corrected, compensating for errors introduced by the data reduction process. This algorithm processes both male and female speech, provides a voiced-unvoiced decision, and operates in real time on a medium speed, general purpose computer.


The use of antimony trichloride as a reagent for the detection and estimation of vitamin A and for the differentiation of the vitamin and carotene is the result of a long series of work that had its beginning in 1922. A chemical means of detection and more especially, a chemical means of estimation of vitamin A was urgently needed to supplant or at least . supplement the slow and costly feeding experiments which for years served as the only method of estimation.


We examined whether time together as a problem mediates the link between frequency of video game use and relational outcomes (relationship quality, relational aggression, physical aggression) among 431 married couples. We also examined the moderating effect of couple attachment behaviors on the association between time together as a problem and outcomes. There was no support for a direct or indirect relationship between gaming and outcomes; however, time together as a problem was consistently related to outcomes. Additionally, husband's and wife's attachment behaviors moderated the association between women's reports of time together as a problem and men's relational aggression. Clinical implications are discussed.


In the year 2007, the size of the Linked Data injected into the Web grew to several billion RDF triples, served by a network of interlinked data sources that cover domains such as general knowledge, geographic information, people, companies, online communities, films, music, books and scientific publications. Unfortunately, the growth rate of User Generated content from a variety of Web based unstructured and semi-structured data-silos continues to exceed that of structured Linked Data. Thus, we have a pressing need for technology, capable of bridging this broadening divide via transparent generation of Linked Data from existing data-silos on the Web. Our Linked Data technology demonstration explores the use of the OpenLink Data Spaces platform as a solution to this problem.


In the present paper the morphology and development of the leaves of the Gramineae are considered. Bugnon's criticism (13) is discussed, and it is concluded that, as in the case of the leaves of other monocotyledonous families, the grass leaf is best interpreted as a phyllode consisting of a sheathing leaf base and a petiolar limb. It is shown that the leaf of the Gramineae cannot be treated as an isolated type, but that there are striking parallelisms between the leaf of this family and of other monocotyledons; this parallelism comes out not only in the mature form, but also in the fact that invagination plays a conspicuous part in the ontogeny of the limb. A study of the prophyll confirms the theory of Bugnon and others, that this organ is a single leaf, rather than a pair of foliar members in a state of congenital fusion. Bugnon's recent criticisms of the views on the morphology of grass seedlings put forward in 1915 by Miss Sargant and the writer are considered. He treats the scutellum and coleoptile as constituting a single cotyledon, and with this opinion the writer is now in agreement, although adhering in other respects to the views expressed in 1915. The question of the epiblast is discussed more fully than in the earlier paper.


Apoptosis is an initiative cell death process that is regulated by gene and it is a kind of physi-ological cell death.The exercise can induce the skeletal muscle cell apoptosis,and hypoxia exercise perhaps can lead to the skeletal muscle cell apoptosis as well.The exercise can induce the skeletal muscle damage that is caused by cell necrosis and cell apoptosis.But in sports medicine it is just the beginning of the study about those researches.Essentially,this paper reviewed some related progress about impacts of exercise on the skeletal muscle apoptosis,and tried to find out impacts of exercise on the skeletal muscle apoptosis.


Reported here is the facile fabrication of all-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) field-effect-transistor (FET) on flexible substrates using a solo femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) technology. By simply tuning the intensity of a femtosecond laser pulse, GO could be reduced in a controlled manner. Metallic and semiconducting RGO micro-patterns could be achieved by FsLDW under high and moderate laser power, respectively, which enables direct writing of source/drain and gate electrodes, as well as semiconducting channel of a FET on flexible substrates in ambient condition. In this way, a metal-free all-RGO FET was successfully fabricated by FsLDW without the use of any masks or chemical reagents. FsLDW of all-RGO devices shows unique advantages in both facile fabrication and flexible integration of graphene-based micro-devices, revealing great potential for the development of future electronics.


Transaction data is a set of recording data result in connections with sales-purchase activities at a particular company. In these recent years, transaction data have been prevalently used as research objects in means of discovering new information. One of the possible attempts is to design an application that can be used to analyze the existing transaction data. That application has the quality of market basket analysis. In addition, the application is designed to be desktop-based whose components are able to process as well as re-log the existing transaction data. The used method in designing this application is by way of following the existing steps on data mining technique. The trial result showed that the development and the implementation of market basket analysis application through association rule method using apriori algorithm could work well. With the means of confidence value of 46.69% and support value of 1.78%, and the amount of the generated rule was 30 rules.


FIG. 1 .-Acetylcholine hydrolase and acylcholine acyl-hydrolase activities of single nerve cells, measured as pl x lo-' carbon dioxide produced hourly, are expressed graphically against the time in days since axotomy. The values shown at zero time were obtained from unoperated rats. Each point represents a mean value of twelve or more determinations upon neurons from one rat; the standard error is also indicated. 0 substrate acetylthiocholine iodide. 0 substrate butyrylthiocholine iodide. 0 substrate acetylthiocholine iodide, with Mipafox.


This study proposes a shadow compensation method for aerial images based on color feature tuning. The information from shadow-free regions is used to improve the image quality of the shadowed regions. The shadow compensation of a shadowed pixel is obtained by performing statistical feature correction on channel V of HSV color space. Considering the challenging aerial images used in the experiment, the qualitative results of the shadow removal are reasonably acceptable.


By expert question,the author does a research on the development background for the industrial of the mass fitness exercise in our country,and finds out characteristics of our development background of sports industrial of our mass fitness exercise.By expounding the developing situation,the author puts forward the countermeasure for us to deal with it in the development of our sports industrial of mass fitness exercise.


[Note: I put the interrogations that focused on the paper " Putting states in their place " at the end. I should have indicated that the interrogations for this week should have been on the book, The Future of the Capitalist State. The paper was mainly included to provide more background in which to locate Jessop's broad approach] 1. Emanuel Ubert 1. Crisis moments and imbalance Changes in the balance of forces mobilized behind and across different types of struggles can create " a situation of more or less acute crisis, a potential movement of decisive transformation and an opportunity of decisive intervention. " According to Jessop, such a situation creates an " imbalance " in which a crisis situation " is objectively over‐determined but subjectively indeterminate. " This imbalance in turn creates spaces for " determined strategic interventions to significantly redirect the course of events as well as for attempts to 'muddle through' in the hope that the situation will resolve itself in time " (p. 92). What does it mean to say that crisis situations are " objectively over‐determined " and " subjectively indeterminate " ? [The expression " over‐determined " gets used in social theory in different ways, and often it isn't exactly clear what it means. Some people seem to simply mean " complexly determined " as in the idea that the " whole is greater than the sum of its parts " (i.e. the whole is not determined by an additive function of the causes generated by all of the parts, but by their complex forms of interactions – and thus the determination of the whole is nonlinear). I think (but I am not 100% sure) that Jessop's usage of the term involves a contrast is between three contexts in which causes are identified to explain an outcome: (1) the outcome is determined by the causes = necessary & sufficient conditions exist; (2) the outcome is underdetermined by the causes = necessary but not sufficient conditions have been specified; (3) the outcome is overdetermined = redudunant causes are present in the sense that there are multiple sufficient causes present (eg dropping a glass bottle onto a marble floor and hitting it with a baseball bat before it hits the floor. A ship sinks after being torpedoed during a monstrous typhoon. In both cases the destruction of the object is " overdetermined "). So, in Jessop's …


See related article, pages 310–318

Although the Greek physician Galenos (129 to 216 AD) recognized early that ventilation of the lungs is important for the transfer of an unknown substance from the air into the blood, it took surprisingly long to discover that oxygen is a major "fuel" for our metabolism that oxidizes nutrients to generate chemical energy. Even William Harvey in his famous work about the circulatory system published in 1628 thought that respiration was necessary solely for cooling down the blood, ie, preventing it from burning. He explicitly disputed that the lungs are responsible for the transport of "spirit," a hypothetical substance thought to be essential for life.1 Not until 1788, shortly before his execution in the turmoil of the French revolution, the chemist Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier (who had discovered oxygen some 10 years before) stated " … that is, respiratory gas exchange is a combustion, like that of a candle burning".2,3

However, apart from truly being the spirit of our life, oxygen is a rather harmful and dangerous compound that may be illustrated best by the fact that chemical reactions in which electrons are captured from a molecule are referred to as oxidations. In our body, biological macromolecules are effectively shielded from oxygen and oxygen-derived radicals by a multitude of both specific and nonspecific protective mechanisms, including uric acid, glutathione, the thioredoxins, or enzymes, including the superoxide dismutases or catalase, to name a few.4

Surprisingly, it was only 20 years ago or so when it was realized that molecular oxygen not only reacts with cellular components but also gives rise to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), acting both as powerful defensive arms against invading microorganisms and as intercellular and intracellular signaling molecules. Most prominent among these ROS is the superoxide …


To the Editor.— Vitiligo may belong to the category of autoimmune diseases since a great proportion of patients have circulating antimelanocytic antibodies. 1 However, other components of the immune system might be involved as well, as it is suggested by the work of Hatchome et al 2 who reported a weaker hypersensitivity response to dinitrochlorobenzene in vitiliginous skin compared with uninvolved skin. They also reported a normal number of epidermal Langerhans' cells (LCs) in vitiliginous skin. However, contrary to their findings, we observed increased numbers of LCs in vitiliginous skin compared with normal skin of matched controls. We studied lesions from ten patients with vitiligo by indirect immunofluorescence using OKT6 monoclonal antibody. 3 Our results (Table) show a significant increase in the content of LCs in involved skin of patients with vitiligo compared with normal matched controls ( P Before the advent of monoclonal antibodies, it was believed that the


Bacon, Nicolas and Paul Blyton, Trade Union Responses to Workplace Restructuring: Exploring Union Orientations and Actions, 18(4): 749–73 Baines, Donna, Caring for Nothing: Work Organization and Unwaged Labour in Social Services, 18(2): 267–95 Byoung-Hoon, Lee and Stephen J. Frenkel, Divided Workers: Social Relations Between Contract and Regular Workers in a Korean Auto Company, 18(3): 507–30 Carter, Bob, State Restructuring and Union Renewal: The Case of the National Union of Teachers, 18(1): 137–56 Casey, Catherine and Petricia Alach, 'Just a Temp?': Women, Temporary Employment and Lifestyle, 18(3): 459–80 Casey, Rionach and Chris Allen, Social Housing Managers and the Performance Ethos: Towards a 'Professional Project of the Self', 18(2): 395–412 Cousins, Christine R. and Ning Tang, Working Time and Work and Family Conflict in the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK, 18(3): 531–49 de Turberville, Simon R., Does the 'Organizing Model' Represent a Credible Union Renewal Strategy? 18(4): 775–94 Dick, Penny and Catherine Cassell, The Position of Policewomen: A Discourse Analytic Study, 18(1): 51–72 Dooreward, Hans, John Hendrickx and Piet Verschuren, Work Orientations of Female Returners, 18(1): 7–27 Fagnani, Jeanne and Marie-Thérèse Letablier, Work and Family Life Balance: The Impact of the 35-Hour Laws in France, 18(3): 551–72 Fisher, Michael, The Crisis of Civil Service Trade Unionism: A Case Study of Call Centre Development in a Civil Service Agency, 18(1): 157–77 Fleming, Peter, Bill Harley and Graham Sewell, A Little Knowledge is a Dangerous Thing: Getting Below the Surface of the Growth of 'Knowledge Work' in Australia, 18(4): 725–47 Gallie, Duncan, Alan Felstead and Francis Green, Changing Patterns of Task Discretion in Britain, 18(2): 243–66 Hoque, Kim and Mike Noon, Equal Opportunities Policy and Practice in Britain: Evaluating the 'Empty Shell' Hypothesis, 18(3): 481–506


Based on the finite element method, the contact analysis on the tripod constant velocity joint widely used in the car was conducted. The settings of material attribute, boundary conditions processing, and the contacting setting of constant velocity joint used in the finite element software ANSYS Workbench were expounded. Through the contacting analysis, the contacting situation of stress was acquired, and it is concluded that the fatigue life and safety factor of the whole universal joint. This article has a certain practical value to study universal joint weak part under the action of fatigue, and provides a reference for the universal joint design and improvement.


The aim of this research is to uncover whether nurses' fear of contracting Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in stress-related presenteeism and burnout, and whether perceived organisational support is effective in dealing with both nurses' fear of contracting COVID-19 and its undesired consequences. For this purpose, a cross-sectional and descriptive research has been conducted. The data are collected from 513 nurses working in Ankara, Turkey, through a questionnaire survey. Independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance test and partial least squares structural equation modelling technique are employed to analyse the data. Findings indicate that nurses fear infection and experience stress-related presenteeism and burnout considerably. However, they perceive slightly inadequate level of organisational support. Fear of infection has resulted in stress-related presenteeism and burnout. Stress-related presenteeism has mediated the relationship between fear of infection and burnout. Perceived organisational support has negatively related to fear of infection and its negative consequences. In this research, to our knowledge, for the first time, the burnout, stress-related presenteeism, fear of infection and perceived organisational support levels of nurses are compared according to the pandemic-related criteria. Besides, the mediating role of nurses' stress-related presenteeism between their fear of contracting COVID-19 and burnout is discovered.


AbstractThe influence of variation in rolling draught per pass under both dry and lubricated conditions on the texture of cold-rolled and of subsequently annealed rimmed steel strip has been studied in detail and the observations related to the strain ratio R0 value of the finally annealed strip. For any given total reduction the mid-plane texture was independent of the magnitude of the draught and was typical of that generally reported for iron, namely two partial RD or {111}RP fibre textures. The main difference in texture was observed in the surface layer. Rolling with a light draught of 0·025 mm with either dry or lubricated rolls developed a predominantly <110)RD texture in the surface layer, Type I, which changed progressively towards the common medial plane texture. With draughts of 0·500 mm, again dry or with lubrication, the {111}RP fibre texture was dominant at the surface, Type III, which increased rapidly in relative intensity immediately beneath the surface to a uniform level throughout ...


Observations have revealed that a hemispheric preference of magnetic chirality (handedness) exists throughout the solar atmosphere. For example, the current helicity of active regions is predominantly negative (left-handed twist) in the northern hemisphere and positive (right-handed twist) in the southern. The explanation of this hemispheric tendency is still open to question. In this paper we first review several possible mechanisms and clarify some misunderstandings. In our views, in the photosphere, the differential rotation acting on already emerged sunspot magnetic fields will lead to negative current helicity in the northern hemisphere and positive in the southern, but the same effect caused by the Coriolis force is opposite in sign. In the turbulent convection zone, the Coriolis force acting on the rising magnetic flux tubes will result in negative/positive helicity in the northern/southern hemisphere, but the corresponding action by the differential rotation will give rise to a reversed result. Moreover, in this region the α-effect will produce the wrong sign to explain the observed sense of magnetic twist. It should be noteworthy that the two current helicities generated by the α-effect, that in the mean field and that in the fluctuations, have opposite signs, and the former is positive/negative in the northern/southern hemisphere while the latter is negative/positive in the northern/southern hemisphere. In the overshoot region at the base of the convection zone, the current helicity created by the α-effect has the sign needed. Finally, we suggest that some surface flows (e.g., converging flows that can lead to cancellation of opposite-polarity flux in the photosphere) and magnetic reconnection are also important to the redistribution (or regeneration) of magnetic twist in active regions.


Tumor infarction shows promise as a cancer treatment. Gas embolotherapy tries to achieve this by locally occluding blood vessels supplying tumors using bubbles resulting from vaporization of liquid droplets. Sufficient occlusion may be necessary in order to starve tumors to death. The purpose of this study is to increase vaporization of droplets in vivo by changing the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) in order to improve the therapy. One milliliter of a solution containing 3 x 107 lipid-coated perfluorocarbon droplets was injected through the tail vein of a rat at a rate of 0.1 mL/min. Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) was induced in the feeder vessel of the exposed cremaster muscle using a focused, 7.5 MHz transducer and 3 MPa rarefactional pressure. A pulse length of 1μs was used, while the PRF was varied from 10 to 1000 Hz. Recordings of ADV showed substantial vaporization in both arterial and venous sides at higher PRFs. Vessel rupture and RBC extravasation were also observed. In other instances, bl...


In this Letter, fiber optics principle of switch, MOEMS design and fabrication of micro actuator, environmental testing criterion are introduced for the makings of optical MEMS switch. Configurations of optical MEMS switch are divided into two categories: 1x2/2x2 and 4x4/8x8, according to the array dimensions of the switch. In these two categories, the micro actuators design concepts are different from each other if low loss, throughput and low cost should be thought over cautiously. In addition, optical MEMS variable attenuator and tunable filter will be canvassed in coming Part Ⅱ and Part Ⅲ respectively.


Headache is one of the most common medical problems experienced by the majority of general population. In the latest version of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III) beta in 2013, fasting headache, has been classified as a secondary headache, and a subheading of "Headache attributed to fasting". Suggested controversial hypothesis of this medical condition include associations with hypoglycemia, sleep quality and caffeine withdrawal, although these relationships have not been confirmed yet. The principal purpose of the present study is to review the etiology and proposed preventive and treating strategies regarding fasting headache in Persian Medicine (PM) literature. This complaint is regarded as a headache associated with dryness in PM. Therefore, words related to "dryness" from PM references. Relevant keywords were also searched in modern medical literature and PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, Web of science and Sid databases. Obtained results were subsequently compared following classification. Fasting plays a causative role in increasing heat in the heart, liver, and stomach (and other organs), and also decreasing body moisture. Therefore, the effective management as proposed by PM is reducing the heat and increasing body moisture. More research is needed to provide academic evidence in this regard.


Retrieval systems for 3D objects are required because 3D databases used around the web are growing. In this paper, we propose a visual similarity based search engine for 3D objects. The system is based on a new representation of 3D objects given by a 3D closed curve that captures all information about the surface of the 3D object. We propose a new 3D descriptor, which is a combination of three signatures of this new representation, and we implement it in our interactive web based search engine. Our method is compared to some state of the art methods, tested using the Princeton-Shape Benchmark as a large database of 3D objects. The experimental results show that the enhanced curve analysis descriptor performs well.


Objective To obtain recombinant preS2 antisense RNA expression vector targeted to hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods preS2 gene (3?203-340) was obtained by PCR and then cloned into EB virus vector pEBAF containing human α-fetoprotein promoter and enhancer. After transfection by lipofectin, RNA dot blot, ELISA and real-time qualitative PCR were used to assay the expression preS2 mRNA, HBV antigens and HBV DNA respectively. Results The recombinant pEBAF-as-preS2 which can be expressed specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma cells was successfully obtained. Both HBV DNA and HBV antigens of hepatocellular cell line HepG2.2.15 were inhibited by transfection by pEBAF-as-preS2. The inhibition rate of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA were 33.4%, 41.5% and 86% respectively. Conclusion pEBAF-as-preS2 expression vector may lead to targeted-expression of preS2 antisense RNA on hepatoma cells and inhibit HBV multiplication. [


Objectives. The aim of this study was to find out how different categories of psychotropic medications effect different aspects of sexual functioning (e.g. drive, arousal and orgasm). Design and Methods. 192 patients from three day hospitals were asked about their sexual functioning. The questionnaire with six questions (sexual desire, easiness of getting aroused, erection or vaginal lubrication, easiness of getting an orgasm, satisfaction with the orgasm and retarded ejaculation/anorgasmia). There were six possible answers to each of the questions. Dana on patient's diagnoses and medications were collected from their medical records. Results. Of 192 patients, 72% were men. The mean age was 48.1 (range 19-72). Approximately ¼ of the patients were diagnosed with alcohol dependence, ¼ with depression, ¼ with anxiety disorders and ¼ with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 71.9% of patients were treated with antidepressants, 68.8% with anxiolytics, 32.8% with antipsychotics, 22.9% with hypnotics and 21.4% with mood stabilizers. Antidepressants had negative effect on sexual desire and the satisfaction of orgasm, but did not have effect (surprisingly) on retarded ejaculation. Anxiolytics had negative effect on sexual desire and easiness of arousal. Antipsychotics had negative effect on the item orgasm satisfaction. Hypnotics had negative effect on erection/vaginal lubrication. Mood stabilizers had negative effect on sexual arousal. Conclusions. Patients suffering from depression, anxiety disorders and PTSD are usually treated with different psychotropic medications. As the results show these drugs can have deleterious effect on different aspects of sexual functioning.


Speech controlling, as an important part of intelligent controlling, is applied in our society widely. If this method is used to design wheelchair, we can get more practical result. A new type speech controlling wheelchair is introduced in this paper. The mechanical structure of this wheelchair and kinetic function is explained briefly. But we have given more importance to how to achieve speech controlling. For example, pretreatment of speech signal, dynamic time warping and template mating train method.


Biosurfactants are natural surface active agents produced by variety of bacteria yeast and fungi. A
review of their biodegradability, toxicity and efficiency is presented in order to compare their
properties with synthetic surfactants. Due to their high efficiency in many applications and
environmentally friendly character we tried to apply them in oil refining process. The efficiency of
biosurfactants in this application was very high and reached up to 99%.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to figure out emotional labor, healthy lifestyle, needs for health services of flight attendants and the relationships among needs for health services according to various characteristics of flight attendants. Methods: The participants of this study were 140 fl...


In the past decade, the rates of overweight and obesity have been increasing dramatically worldwide, which lead to serious health risks, including heart diseases, diabetes, and various cancers. Clearly, to improve the health conditions, physical activities and diet are the most important factors for people to control the weight and thus achieve healthy lifestyle. Motivated by the amazingly growth of smartphone ownership and the sensing technologies, in this paper, we propose a mobile-sensing based health recognition and recommendation framework, namely, H-Rec2. The main idea is to use smartphone to unobtrusively record and analyze the user's physical activity and health status, and at the same time obtain the personalized health food recommendations from the remote server. To demonstrate the idea, we implemented a prototype system and conduct systematic experiments to evaluate performance. The evaluation results confirm the proposed approaches with regard to the effectiveness and usability.


CeIr3Si2 is the first three-dimensional uniform magnet in which the long-time variation in magnetic structure was observed. To clarify the microscopic mechanism of this magnetic structural change, time-resolved neutron scattering measurements have been reinvestigated. Clear time variations in the line widths as well as the amplitudes of magnetic Bragg diffractions have been observed in this improved instrumentation. On the basis of this observation, a nucleation-and-growth model of magnetic structural change has been presented. The numerical calculation with this model reproduces well the observation.