A common problem in schools teaching languages is the preliminary assessment of students' knowledge to assign a skill level in the language that they would like to learn. Normally, level tests consist of an oral test, a written test and a listening test. All these tests can be performed through from a remote location, though the written test is less complicated to perform through correspondence since it generally does not require the presence of an examiner. This article describes how has been automated the performance and management of level tests of the written kind in the specific case of teaching Spanish to foreigners at the University of Zaragoza.


Autonomy of schools to define their goals, to plan their actions and to engage in improvement process performance and coexistence, is the best way to get progress on students learning. Therefore, this autonomy is reflected in the basic legislation and should be definitely supported by the educational authorities. This paper illustrates and argues how regional government of Castilla-La Mancha defines a balanced educational model between common guidelines and any necessary adjustments that each context require, taking advantage of the fact that central government has transferred the responsibility for education. Thus, to carry out this model, a kind of agreements, called singular agreements, are signed with schools wishing to participate, through which they receive additional resources and provide them with advice and training, in exchange for defining an action proposal conveniently adjusted to the needs of their students. These agreements are based on a series of policies, programs and regional measures, launched as a result of policies oriented to educational quality and equality pursuing success for all. The singular agreements are the way chosen by the autonomous region to develop the plans of territorial cooperation between state and regional administration. These plans are aimed to improve school performance, school non-attendance prevention, collaboration with families and the environment, or the retention of students in the educational system; and, at the same time, bring forward a future use of school autonomy, giving full meaning to the actions that were designed for the entire region on curriculum planning, guidance, teacher training, coexistence, intercultural education and reducing early school leaving.


Background: Completion surgery after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in management of locally advanced cervical cancers (LACC) still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare disease-free and overall survival rates in patients who had completion surgery and who were therefore treated conservatively by exclusive concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).
Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study from January 2005 to December 2014 included 130 patients with LACC, managed by standard CCRT followed by brachytherapy at the radiotherapy department of Military Hospital Mohamed V of Rabat in Morocco.
Inclusion criteria were the following: Biopsy-proven carcinoma of the cervix, FIGO stage IB2 to IVA and treatment with CCRT followed by brachytherapy. All patients had good response to standard CCRT, with a clinical decrease in tumor volume of more than 50%. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the authors practice: Group 1 consisted of patients without completion surgery who had theoretically a good response to standard treatment and Group 2 consisted of patients treated by completion surgery with pelvic control on final pathology.
One hundred and two patients are included in Group 1 and 28 in Group 2. The mean age of the patients was 50.9 years (range 29–82). Squamous cell carcinoma 115 (89.8%) was the leading histological type. Tumor size was 4.77 ± 1.44 cm clinically and 46.72 ± 15.42 mm in MRI. The parametrial was invaded in 113 (87.6%) of cases and the pelvic lymph nodes were suspected in 29 (23%) of cases.
Major of patients whom underwent a completion surgery showed a complete response on final pathology. Overall, 20.8% (27/130) of patients had a recurrence, with a median time to recurrence of 8 months [2-55]. With a mean follow-up of 44 months (2 to 118), the local control rate was 68.5% (n=89) and 20 (15.4%) patients were lost to follow-up.
The overall survival (OS) at 5 years in Group 1 and 2 was respectively 59.8% and 88.9% and the relapse-free survival (RFS) was respectively 73.3% and 88.9%. A significant benefit of completion surgery was seen only in OS (p=0.011).
Conclusion: completion surgery after CCRT has a place in the multimodality management of locally advanced cervical cancer with significant benefice in local control and OS.


Sequences of Feshbach resonances, predicted by theory to exist below the n = 2 H threshold in positron–hydrogen scattering, that have long evaded all previous numerical searches, were finally located in our close-coupling calculation employing various coupling schemes. The energy ratios and width ratios of the successive resonances of these sequences were, furthermore, found to agree very well with the values predicted by theory.


The Right Hon. Syed Ameer AH was born in Oudh (District LTnao) in 1849 but the greater part of his Indian career was spent in Bengal. He graduated in the Calcutta University in 1867 and showed an early inclination to literature. He was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 187.3, and held various legal positions, becoming a Judge of the Calcutta High Court in 1890. He retired from the High Court in 1904, earning warm encomiums from Lord Curzon at a farewell banquet. Meanwhile he had served on the Bengal Legislative Council and the Viceroy's Legislative Council from ?878 to 1885. After retirement from the High Court he took up his residence in England, and was appointed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, on which he served till his death on 3id August, 1928. During his stay in England he was an honoured member of the Royal Asiatic Society. Elected a member in 1901, he was a member of the Council of the Society from 1907 to 1911, a vice-president from 1911 to 1915, and again a member of council from 1915 to 1918. Syed Ameer Ali's work may be considered under three heads, as a Muslim Jurist, as an interpreter of modernism in Islam both to the West and to his own co-religionists, and as a worker in the cause of Islam in the larger movements, political, social, and international. In all these capacities he had an effective instrument in a charming literary style, which he used with grace and distinction. Almost immediately on graduation Syed Ameer AH collaborated with Maulvi 'Ubaidullah in the translation of what was then considered a remarkable work by an Oriental scholar, Maulvi Syed Kara mat Ali, Mutawalli of the Ilugli Imambara. The original book was in Persian (Maakbaz i TTl?m), and was meant to turn the attention of Judian Muslims to modern science. The argument was that all


Normalization of blood glucose levels with systemic insulin or by local administration of insulin to the fracture site can normalize early parameters of fracture healing. However, the short biological half-lives of growth factors and cytokines may impose severe restraints on their clinical usefulness. To find an optimal carrier, calcium salts (Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP)) have been investigated as possible delivery vehicles for insulin in osseous repair. Released kinetics was determined for both materials by measuring insulin concentrations using a specific insulin ELISA Kit. The data showed that CaSO4 caused a big burst of insulin release, and continues to release the insulin for 5 hours. However, TCP gradually released insulin to the solution in smaller quantities for approximately 12 hours.


The present invention involves a porous rigid filter comprising a plurality of concentric filtration elements having internal flow passages and forming external flow passages there between. The present invention also involves a pressure vessel containing the filter for the removal of particulate from high pressure particulate containing gases, and further involves a method for using the filter to remove such particulate. The present filter has the advantage of requiring fewer filter elements due to the high surface area- to-volume ratio provided by the filter, requires a reduced pressure vessel size, and exhibits enhanced mechanical design properties, improved cleaning properties, configuration options, modularity and ease of fabrication.


Achievement of a project means that a number of its perceived factors were attained. It is not guaranteed that project management practices will result to proper implementation of projects by manufacturing companies. However, the success of projects largely depends on the way it is managed and controlled. The challenges met during the implementation of project management practices has been during project planning, exceeding the set budget and going beyond its set schedule and poor quality. The general objective of the study is to investigate the influence of project management practices on the implementation of projects in manufacturing companies in Rwanda, Kigali city. The study's specific objectives are to examine how stakeholder participation, leadership support, communication and resource allocation influenced project implementation. The study will anchored by stakeholder theory, resource based view theory and cybernetics theory. The adopted a descriptive research designs. The target population was 73 manufacturing companies from the Inyange industry ltd. The targeted respondents were 73 comprising of employees from different departments. The study used stratified sampling method to ensure that all cases are well represented and use simple random sampling method to select the respondents. Leadership support is considered one of the critical success factors in project implementation; effective executive involvement can significantly improve project success. Maintaining open, regular and accurate channels of communication with all levels of project staff and stakeholders is vital to ensuring the effective implementation of capital expenditure projects. Allocation of resources helps managers to bring together more productive and effective project teams and workgroups and enables them to appraise their schedules and easily estimate resource availability in real-time.

Key word: Stakeholder Participation, Leadership Support, Communication, Resource Allocation


points of comparisons for understanding what, if anything, makes the situations described in this volume particularly Latin American. I lodge this criticism knowing that it is impossible to provide in a single volume all possible examples that might be pertinent to this subject. In that sense mine is not a criticism of the book, but rather of the state of scholarship on a subject for which this book serves as the most significant academic contribution to date.


Research suggests that reading engagement and motivation are strong predictors of reading performance. Reading motivation may decline as students approach adolescence, resulting in less time spent with text. To date, there has been no research on how practitioners might directly support students to address affective factors in reading. In this exploratory case study, three disengaged, Year 8 readers received five sessions of an affective intervention aimed at helping them explore and challenge their own ambivalence towards reading. Quantitative and qualitative data from pre-, post- and three-month follow-up indicated a range of benefits in relation to reading engagement and motivation, including improved self-efficacy, increased participation and the usefulness of talking about affective factors in reading. Findings are further examined and implications for practitioners are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


The statistical mechanics of the interface between two discrete thermodynamic phases is studied in terms of a field f which describes the deviation of the interface from planar. Exploiting the dynamical Euclidean invariance of the Hamiltonian of the field f, we construct epsilon expansions for Ising-like critical behavior in 1+epsilon dimensions, with a critical temperature of order epsilon. Scaling functions for the interface profile and width in a pinning potential are obtained.


The utility model provides an equipment protection device of a hybrid electric vehicle. The equipment protection device of the hybrid electric vehicle comprises a vehicle controller, an auxiliary control unit and at least one peripheral unit. Each peripheral unit is provided with a low-voltage return circuit which supplies power to the peripheral unit. The protection device further comprises a main relay electrically connected with the vehicle controller. The vehicle controller is used for controlling power-on or power-off of the main relay, when the main relay is powered on, the low-voltage return circuit normally works, and when the main relay is powered off, the low-voltage return circuit stops working; the vehicle controller is further used for communicating with the auxiliary control unit on the vehicle, when breakdown signals sent by the auxiliary control unit are received, and the main relay is in a power-off state, the main relay is controlled to be powered off. The equipment protection device of the hybrid electric vehicle can effectively protect the peripheral units of the vehicle controller in the electrifying initialization process or when the auxiliary control unit breaks down, and prolong service life of the equipment.


[CuSC6H2(i-Pr)3]n = 4 (1), and n = 8 (2) are obtained from CuCO3 · Cu(OH)2 and 2,4,6-tri(isopropyl)thiophenol in a slow reaction, where long reaction times promote the formation of octameric 2.1 crystallizes as colorless platelets, space group C 2/c: a = 3647(2), b = 854.8(6), c = 2061.3(7) pm, β = 105.98(4)°, Ζ = 4. Central unit of the tetrameric complex with the symmetry C2 is a non planar eight-membered Cu–S heterocycle. The four Cu atoms form a rhombus with short edges of 269.7 and 270.1 pm. The bridging SR-ligands are arranged alternatingly above and below the Cu4 rhombus. Octameric 2 crystallies as 2•(H2O)x in the form of orthorhombic yellow blocks, space group Pbcn: a = 2513(1), b = 1975(1), c = 2747(1) pm, Z = 4. The thiolato ligands connect the Cu atoms to form a folded 16-membered Cu–S ring with the symmetry C2. The eight S atoms are arranged at the corners of a cube with the Cu atoms occupying eight of its edges. The Cu–Cu distances are in the range of 267.8 to 304.0 pm. In 1 as well as in 2 the Cu atoms are linearly coordinated with Cu–S distances of 214.7 to 217.9 pm.


Avian scavengers, such as American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), have potential to translocate infectious agents (prions) of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases including chronic wasting disease, scrapie, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. We inoculated mice with fecal extracts obtained from 20 American crows that were force-fed material infected with RML-strain scrapie prions. These mice all evinced severe neurological dysfunction 196–231 d postinoculation ( = 198; 95% CI: 210–216) and tested positive for prion disease. Our results suggest a large proportion of crows that consume prion-positive tissue are capable of passing infectious prions in their feces ( = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.8–1.0). Therefore, this common, migratory North American scavenger could play a role in the geographic spread of TSE diseases.


This paper intends to describe the current situation of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows in Argentina between the years 2014-2018, and discusses related opportunities and challenges for investing in the country in videogames development. We provide a comprehensive analysis using the data of the World Bank, United Nations, INDEC, OECD among others; intending to clarify the positive and negative effects of investing in Argentina as a host country for video games development. We support the view of the Association of Argentine Video Game Developers (ADVA) that says that the video games industry has had a strong development in Argentina in the last decade, arguing that Argentina owns the majority of tech unicorns in Latin America. This is a well-connected resource, particularly in satisfying domestic consumption and the achievement of exporting by working for overseas companies. Although video games development has helped to improve economic performance in the country, we find that the recent dependence on foreign financing may spark other problems because of the instability of investments in Argentina and the continuously changing market could produce uncertainty in the domestic growth. Moreover, the increasing dependence of outsources and the lack of government financing could lead also to the slow growth of the sector itself.


1 Cells were dispersed from human foreskin using a mixture of collagenase and hyaluronidase and separated into mast cell‐depleted (<1%) or enriched (>75%) preparations by density‐gradient centrifugation. 2 Challenge of gradient fractions with ∍‐chain‐specific anti‐human IgE stimulated the release of histamine, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4). The release of eicosanoids was significantly correlated with that of histamine, suggesting that they are derived from the mast cell population of the dispersate. In highly purified (76.2 ± 4.2%) mast cell preparations, maximum net release of histamine, PGD2 and LTC4 was 3432 ± 725, 84.9 ± 10.8 and 6.6 ± 1.2 pmol/106 nucleated cells. 3 The non‐immunological stimuli substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), somatostatin, compound 48/80, morphine and poly‐L‐lysine released similar amounts of histamine to anti‐IgE, but 12 to 21 fold less PGD2 and LTC4. 4 These studies suggest that IgE‐dependent and non‐immunological stimuli activate human skin mast cells by different secretory mechanisms, a hypothesis supported by our previous findings of differences in Ca2+ requirements and time‐course of histamine release. Activation by the non‐immunological mechanism may be of importance in vivo due to the close anatomical association between skin mast cells and dermal nerve‐terminals containing neuropeptides.


Many problems confront the teacher of writing in the second language composition/conversation class. Second language teachers generally view composition writing in a second language as an academic exercise rather than as the communication of a message. Moreoever, the usual arrangement of having composition and conversation combined into one course does not permit the teacher to spend much time on the principles of writing. The heterogeneity of students' interests, abilities, and needs further makes the teaching of writing virtually impossible in the current arrangement. The following article suggests that second language departments incorporate in their programs a writing course, independent from conversation, individualized in format to meet the needs of all students. Such a course must include notional materials to make second language study worthwhile for all students. Many ideas and suggestions used by departments of English may be helpful to second language teachers.


Background Concern that trans-fatty acids formed in the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils may increase the risk of coronary disease has existed for several decades, but direct evidence on this relation in humans is limited. Methods and Results With a case-control design, we studied the association between intake of trans-fatty acids and a first acute myocardial infarction among 239 patients admitted to one of six hospitals in the Boston area and 282 population control subjects. Intake of trans-fatty acids was estimated using a previously validated food frequency questionnaire. After adjustment for age, sex, and energy intake, intake of trans-fatty acids was directly related to risk of myocardial infarction (relative risk for highest compared with lowest


In this correspondence we present and prove the correctness of an algorithm for reducing the number of synchronized memory references to shared data elements in multiprocessed loops. Optimizing compilers for shared memory multiprocessors can use this algorithm to reduce synchronization overhead. The algorithm has been implemented as a new module in the multiprocessors version of Parafrase, the restructuring system of the University of Illinois. We present a brief discussion of experiments we performed to asses the effectiveness of this algorithm in reducing the synchronization overhead for the 61 subroutines of EISPACK, a package for computing matrix eigenvectors and eigenvalues.


In recent years vampire has been transformed the symbol of evil, villainous and horrification into a cultural phenomenonthat represents love and acceptance. One of the most essential factors to impact the popularity of the vampire culture is the belief ofAmerican. The reveal of the fantastic modern vampire literature and the increasing acknowledgment of the vampire film and TV se-ries also make a remarkable significant contribution to the popularity of the vampire culture in the United States. The innovativefactors such as aesthetics, humanity, and sociology are also the important motivations. Taking the literature codes and contempo-rary aesthetic culture as a breakthrough point, this thesis is going to explore the cultural connotation behind the popularity of vam-pire culture.


This packet contains three papers from a symposium on feedback systems held at a conference on human resource development (HRD). The first paper, "The Role of Feedback in Management Development Training" (K. Peter Kuchinke), reports on a survey-based study that investigated the role of feedback in nine management development training settings in a British government agency. The results of the study suggest that participants sought information about their performance frequently and from a variety of sources and that the feedback-seeking is important in the process of management development training. The second paper, "A Five Phase Framework for Designing a Successful Multirater Feedback System" (Allan H. Church, Janine Waclawski) notes that there is a need in the literature for more attention to the factors involved in creating a successful feedback process. A five-phase framework for designing such a system is based on the classic organizational development consulting skills model and many years of practitioner experience with large-scale feedback-based applications in Fortune 100 organizations. The final paper, "An Evaluation of the Quality of 360-Degree Assessment Instruments" (Froukje Jellema, Adrie Visscher, Martin Mulder), presents a checklist of standards on the basis of which 360-degree employee evaluation instruments are examined. Four 360-degree assessment instruments also are examined. The papers contain reference sections.(KC) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1 2000 AHRD Conference


We redirect research attention on multimarket contact from its consequences to its antecedents. Our empirical examination of the evolution of dyadic multimarket contacts among California commuter a...


The invention discloses a pesticide composite containing spirotetramat and belongs to the technical field of pest chemical prevention. The pesticide composite comprises active ingredients, namely A spirotetramat and B dinotefuran, wherein the weight ratio of A and B is 1:20-20:1. Besides the active ingredients, the pesticide composite further comprises auxiliaries and packing. The active ingredients, namely A and B occupy 15%-50% of the total weight of pesticides, the auxiliaries occupy 20%-30% of the total weight of the pesticides, and the rest is the packing. The pesticide composite can be prepared into wettable powder, suspending agents and the like. The pesticide composition containing the spirotetramat has good prevention effects on rice planthoppers, aphids, vegetable bemisia tabaci and the like. Compared with a conventional agent for preventing the rice planthoppers, the pesticide composite can reduce a dosage, reduce environmental pollution and residues of agricultural products, can delay drug resistance on a single pesticide of the rice planthoppers, and has the advantage of a long lasting period. Compared with the single pesticide, the pesticide composite can reduce cost.


N31-type phosphate glass was treated by an ion exchange method in a mixed melt of LiNO3 and NaNO3 at 250 ℃.The effect of cation substitution(larger by smaller) on the crack propagation on the surface and subsurface was investigated.The surface morphology and composition distribution before and after the ion exchange process were determined by polarizing microscope,scan-ning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer.The effects of ion exchange time and water cleaning on the crack propagation were analyzed based on the diffusion kinetics for a finite source and the theory of surface stress distribution.The quantity,length,width and depth for crack on the surface increased in the range of ion exchange time from 0 to 4 h.The crack propagation on the surface resulted from the accumulation of surface tensile stress due to the difference between ionic radii,and the interaction of water with surface crack could produce a further extension for the surface crack.The results show that the ion exchange(i.e.,substitu-tion of larger cations by smaller cations) should be an efficient method to make some unexposed cracks on the surface or subsurface appearance.


AIM To establish a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for plasma febuxostat measurement in humans.METHODS The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the febuxostat tablet(febuxostat 80 mg) were investigated in 10 healthy male volunteers after single oral dose administration.Serial blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes at given time points during 0- 48 h after drug administration,and the supematants were separated with centrifugation.Methotrexate was used as the internal standard and plasma samples were treated with acetonitrile for precipitation.The column was Agilent Zorbax C_(18)(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 3.5 μm),and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(0.1%formic acid)(85:15,V/V) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL·min_(-1).ESI and SRM were used with positive ions scans.The mass transition pairs of m/z 317.6 →m/z 261.9 and m/z 455.3 →m/z 308.7 were used to detect febuxostat and methotrexate,respectively. RESULTS The standard curve of febuxostat was linear over the concentration range of 5-5 000μg ? L~(-1)(r~2 = 0.998 2).The lower limit of quantification was 5 μg·L~(-1).This method has acceptable precision and accuracy. The plasma pharmacokinetic parameters of p_(max),t_(max),AUQ_(0-48h) and t_(1/2) of febuxostat were(4745.6 ± 136.0) μg· L~(-1),(1.1 ± 0.3) h,(18 561.1 ± 343.6) μg·h·L~(-1) and(13.7 ± 0.7) h,respectively.CONCLUSION This method is rapid,sensitive and accurate.It is applicable for measuring plasma febuxostat concentration and other clinical pharmacokinetics study.


. - A special type of foliation which is regular along an invariant compact holomorphic curve is studied. When the curve is an elliptic one, the relation to a naturally associated elliptic fibration is analysed.


Objective Directed to Rigid fixation and dynamic stabilization instruments in the whole lumbar spine and lumbar spine segmental form of short-term effects,objective evaluation of results and related complications.Methods Study compared three groups of patients the same number of cases in each group of 45 cases of adult disease,observed effect of surgery and post-operative evaluation of.Results After a mean follow-up (47±14)months after the evaluation of all patients,lumbar spine lordosis and the whole apparatus to correct degree and the level of a fixed number of segments has nothing to do;in all cases until the last evaluation did not appear adjacent segments of the spine Degeneration.Conclusion The control study showed that:three groups of instruments in a short segment of the application in the treatment of degenerative spinal stenosis,surgery Qianyao sacral for the maintenance of the whole paragraph and local curvature of the spine,followed by self-evaluation and improvement of pain score in the effect of basically the same.Accompanied by a separate non-visible imaging of false joints and more resistant to internal fixation failure in the dynamic stabilization group,the incidence is relatively low.


A failure in optical networks can cause tremendous loss in data and revenue. To guarantee the service availability and handle network failures, shared protection is commonly used. One promising shared protection approach has been proposed which introduce relative priorities among connections contending for access to the shared backup paths. In this paper, a novel priority-aware shared protection algorithm is developed, called FPS, for the dynamic connection provision. In FPS, the relative priority between an incoming connection and an existing connection is flexibly determined to maximize the usage of backup wavelengths after ensuring not to violate the SLA-defined availability requirement of the existing connection. We show that the FPS can obtain significant improvements on resource overbuilding ration and blocking probability compared with existing priority-aware shared protection algorithm.


The speciation analysis of cadmium in the scallop(Chlamys farreri,C.farreri) with high Cd accumulation capability and the clam(Ruditapes philippinarum,R.philippinarum) with low Cd accumulation capability was first conducted by size exclusion chromatography-high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(SEC-HPLC-ICP-MS),and in vitro whole-bionic digestion model was used to determine the cadmium speciation in two bivalves under the action of saliva,the acidity of stomach and intestine with inorganic and organic components and digestion enzymes.The results showed that the total cadmium content in C.farreri was almost 10 times in R.philippinarum.Three Cd species,metallothionein(MT)-Cd,glutathione(GSH)-Cd and cystein(Cys)-Cd were detected in C.farreri,and two Cd species,MT-Cd and GSH-Cd were detected in R.philippinarum.According to the different peak areas,MT-Cd and GSH-Cd content in C.farreri was about 5.6 and 2.0 times of those in R.philippinarum respectively.Using in vitro whole-bionic digestion model,one unknown Cd species with small molecule(named Cd-X) was detected in whole-bionic digestion of gastric extracts,and four Cd species(mainly MT-Cd) were detected in the whole-bionic digestion of intestine extracts for C.farreri;however,for R.philippinarum,the unknown Cd-X was the main Cd species in both gastric and intestinal extracts.The experiment also proves that Cd can be separated from MT-Cd,GSH-Cd and Cys-Cd under the effect of the whole-bionic digestion of stomach and intestine.


ABSTRACT Chemicals may be used to reduce plant size in cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.), which can increase cotton yield by allowing an increased number of plants per unit area. Foliar sprays of growth retardants Cycocel and Alar were applied at concentrations of 250, 500, and 750 ppm 105 days after planting (square and boll setting stage) to Egyptian cotton cultivar Giza 75 planted at three plant densities (166,000, 222,000, and 333,000 plant ha−1). The objectives of this two-year study were to determine if growth retardants may be substituted for plant density, and vice versa, and to investigate their effects on yield and fiber properties. Number of opened bolls plant−1, seed-cotton yield plant−1, and earliness increased as plant density decreased in both years, as did seed-cotton and lint yield ha−1 in the second season. In the first year, the intermediate plant density gave the highest yields. Plant density had no significant effect on lint percentage or fiber properties. Both Cycocel and Alar increased the number of opened bolls plant−1, boll weight, seed and lint indices, seed-cotton yield plant−1, and both seed-cotton and lint yield ha−1, but effects were not always significant and response varied for different traits. Neither Cycocel nor Alar affected lint percentage, yield earliness, or fiber properties at any plant density. The interaction of plant density  ×  growth retardant was significant for the number of opened bolls m−2 and plant−1, seed-cotton yield plant−1 and ha−1, and for lint yield ha−1. The lowest plant densities, combined with application of Cycocel or Alar, gave the highest number of opened bolls m−2 and plant−1, seed-cotton yield plant−1 and ha−1, and lint yield ha−1. This implied that the effect of growth retardants on cotton yield depended essentially on the number of plants per unit area or space available to each plant and that applying growth retardants could enhance the effect of low plant density.


The author was engaged in the oceanographical observations carried out in a region adjacent to the Aleutian Islands in 1952 and obtained a number of data, on which the present discussions are based. As the results, slight differences in distributions of nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus and silicate-silicon were found between the northern and southern areas separated by the Aleutian Ridge, although distributions are almost the same in the two areas. Characteristic features in distributions of these nutrient salts are that the high concentrations were found even in the surface layer, increasing further with maximum gradients in depths within 100–300m. The ratios of N:P in the region under study are lower than the normal ratio given by Cooper; and deficiencies in dissolved oxygen were recognized in the subsurface layers. These facts seem to be related to the characteristics of the decomposition processes in the Aleutian region. On the basis of the rate of phosphate consumption in the upper layers, the ...


By concentrating on the two possible prospects faced by Sarah, the heroine in Margarette Drabble's novel A Summer Bird-Cage, the present paper believes that even though Sarah is depressed by the life pictures demonstrated by her friends, she boldly takes up her life in the hope that a beautiful future is within her power, because she is determined to face life difficulties and to make concessions if necessary.


New Public Management (NPM) guided public services'reform in order to mitigate economic and social crises, and established new methods to design and delivery services focused on the client. This service design approachhas substantial limitation on incorporating relational and collaborative aspects between people. Therefore, current welfare state is challenged. This article presents the concept of Relational Welfareand analyses a case study proceeded in an organization with social purposes. The main conclusions of the research are made by the perspective of servicedesign. The author observed trends inchoosing sustainable and collaborative interventions that challenge the technocratic and bureaucratic perspectives, giving life to new production models. The main features of these models consist in the democratization of the means of invention and production. Also is expected the distance between inventor and entrepreneur get shorter. Such movements and models must be implemented into public policy and service's design.


The invention applies to protect an intelligent rehabilitation system and a method for tracking limb movement by utilizing the same, relating to the field of computer vision. The invention takes the position of the center of mass output by a Camshift tracking algorithm as a measuring signal, adopts a Kalman filtration algorithm to correct the position of a palm, and thereby overcoming the defect that the existing limb movement tracking method can not solve the interference problem of a large area of complexion. The method is not affected by the variation of the shape and the size of the targeted object, has better robustness and can further simplify the computational burden.


National Water Policy (2012) duly recognizes the ecological needs of the river setting aside a portion of river flows on the pattern of natural flow regime and environmental management plan is an integral part of planning of any water resources development project. The detailed environmental studies are required to be carried out including requirement of e-flows while planning any water resources project. However, the estimation of environmental flows is still a challenge primarily due to lack of both the understanding of and quantitative data on relationships between river flows and ecological characteristics of river. The assessment of environmental flows rationally keeping in view of limited water resources and dependence of livelihood of large population is still at infancy stage. Various studies show wide variations in the assessment of E-flows. The main challenge is to meet the e-flow requirement during lean period. There is claimer from various groups to reserve the majority of river flows for e-flows during lean period. However, the allocation of water for environmental needs should not be decided in isolation. The water requirements of other demands of food, energy, livelihoods etc in the basin should also be taken into account while allocating scares water resources to various competing users including environmental needs. The paper discusses the developments in field and views of CWC on the issue.


Sustained swimming performance of juvenile sprat, S. sprattus (29–48 mm s.l.), and herring, C. harengus (46–58 mm) was measured in a laboratory flume over a range of salinities from 18 to 33%0 at water temperatures of 16–19°C. Critical swimming speeds (CSS) of both species, relative to body length, were similar, averaging 10–12 body lengths per second (bl s−1). There was no apparent relationship with salinity.

These swimming speeds are higher than values generally quoted in the literature for sustained swimming of sprat and herring (2–7 bl s−1) and it is concluded that the better performance found in this study was a function of improved fish handling techniques, and of the size of fish used since most other studies have dealt with larger, commercial sized fish.


The 1995 federal court opinions reviewing the decisions of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC or Commission) continue to reflect the problems associated with the transition from a regulated to a competitive market. Several petitions for review were dismissed on procedural grounds for want of standing or ripeness. In addition, the familiar principles of agency deference, the filed rate doctrine, and the prohibition against retroactive ratemaking all figured prominently in many of the past year's decisions with respect to the gas pipeline industry. In part, this appears to reflect concerns relating to matching recovery of costs, particularly transition costs, to rates in an environment in which some prices are established through competitive means. By contrast, significant challenges were made to costs imposed by the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA),' indicative perhaps of the sea of change which the electric power industry is currently undergoing, as well as the ongoing struggle between federal and state regulators as to primacy in imposing such costs on consumers. Similarly, a notable decision was issued by the First Circuit regarding the proper interpretation of the Mobile-Sierra doctrine; the D.C. Circuit issued a decision which presented significant consequences for the retroactivity of civil decisions. Finally, while dismissed for jurisdictional reasons, a district court challenge to the decision by the Michigan Public Service Commission to compel the retail wheeling of electric power may foreshadow a future area of judicial activity. Each significant energy law decision from 1995 is briefly summarized below. Given the differences between the various industries, the cases are reported according to the various regulatory statutes under which they arose. However, given the cross applicability of many precedents, particularly for cases under the Federal Power Act (FPA) and the Natural Gas Act (NGA), an index organizing each case by issue is provided in Section 111 as an aid for further review.


Abstract : This research project express concern about Political-Strategy effects related to The "Chilean Economic Cooperation Agreement", signed with Mercosur. There are many changes that are ongoing within the Chilean economy during the last two-decade. Probably this is one of the most important that occurred related with the regional integration process that some of the South America's countries carrying out in order to create conditions to build a big free trade area. Chile has been proactive to open its economy unilaterally and now is looking for creating the best conditions to participate in some important economic blocks, as a NAFTA, MERCOSUR, the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the European Union. The possibility of implementation of some of these processes has caught the attention of individuals on the national scene; a strong political and economic debate has started in seminars, lectures, specialized publications, etc. Most discussions have faced inherent problems almost exclusively from an economic point of view. This project will address some of the issues and concerns of the political analysis which could identify the interrelation of effects of the above on the nation as a whole. In particularly, those related with the political-strategic effects.


ABSTRACT Assembling phylogenetic trees for groups of organisms with thousands of taxa is problematic because of the large amount of data and trees that must be generated and analyzed. Several attempts have been made to develop a better way to handle the problems of large trees. Meta-trees (Meta Supertrees) are suggested as a way to generate a phylogeny for groups where you have many different data sets of overlapping but not identical sets of taxa and without a common set of markers. Meta-trees graft phylogenies onto a fixed base tree and avoid the problems of missing or redundant data and misplaced taxa that plague other types of supertrees.


The Day/Night Band (DNB) on the VIIRS sensor is a panchromatic band that can detect very dim nighttime scenes. After launch of Suomi NPP in October 2011 we observed a gray haze in radiance images with offsets up to 5×10-9 W cm-2 sr-1. Overall this impacts about 25% of nighttime scenes. We considered stray light as the likely cause, and studied calibration data from the space view. We concluded that stray light is likely entering the VIIRS scan cavity directly or indirectly through the nadir door and solar diffuser openings. We also studied the darkest earth scenes without any solar, lunar or artificial illumination, and found that the offset is a function of cross-track pixel, solar angle of incidence (AOI) and detector number. We observed a strong detector dependence causing striping. Dividing scenes into 3 or 4 zones in each hemisphere based on solar AOI, we devised an algorithmic correction based on polynomial fits of the medians of the data for each zone. The correction removed almost all the haze and striping and improved dynamic range by 2 orders-of-magnitude, to as low as 1×10-10 Wcm-2 sr-1, but some striping remains in the twilight region due to extrapolation.


Executive Orders as Strategic Policy Tools. Policymaking by Presidential Decree. The Policymaking Environment. Safeguarding Executive Orders. White House Lawmaking: An Unfinished Journey.


Seborrheic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects the scalp and is characterized by erythema and oily scales. It could perhaps be difficult to control and could seriously degrade one's quality of life. The study's objective is to assess the effectiveness of intradermal administrations of QR678 Neo® hair growth factor therapy for the treatment of scalp seborrheic dermatitis in both men and women.


The rapid pressurization process of SRM belongs to a kind of trpical non-steady fluid-structural coupling problem.The FLUENT was linked with the ABAQUS by means of the fluid-structural coupling software to analyze gas flow and structural integrity of the grain.The change of stress,strain of the propellant and flow-field in motor chamber were determined.The simulation results show that pressure peak spreads from fore part to aft part when gas flow enters into the chamber,then the grain starts to distort;however,the maximum pressure in the flow-field isn't located in the same position of the maximum strain of the propellant.


Resistive switching memory (RRAM) devices are receiving considerable interest as future-generation high-density storage technology or possible enablers of storage class memory. For these applications, there is a strong push toward scaling, in terms of low current operation, low power consumption and small device area. To assess the scaling potential of RRAM, however, the physical mechanisms for switching and reliability issues, such as noise, must be understood in deep detail. This work reviews the current understanding of RRAM switching in terms of ion diffusion and migration mechanisms. The model is used to inspire new RRAM operation schemes, such as complementary switching (CS) which may allow self-select memory crossbar and novel multilevel storage approaches. The scaling dependence of random telegraph noise (RTN) is finally discussed based on numerical simulations of drift-diffusion transport and Poisson equation within the conductive filament.


From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C++ does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C are not objects, etc. So, this paper designs a programming language, Shrek, which integrates many language features and constructions in a compact and consistent model. The Shrek language is a class-based purely object-oriented language. It has a dynamical strong type system, and adopts a single-inheritance mechanism with Mixin as its complement. It has a consistent class instantiation and inheritance structure and the ability of intercessive structural computational reflection, which enables it to support safe metaclass programming. It also supports multi-thread programming and automatic garbage collection, and enforces its expressive power by adopting a native method mechanism. The prototype system of the Shrek language is implemented and anticipated design goals are achieved.


1.0 Abstraction and Acquisition The recent history of linguistic theory exhibits a sharp shift to greater abstraction. The shift to abstraction creates a new range of promising and challenging acquisition predictions. We take one goal of all linguistics to be seeking the nature of Fundamental Operations. Whatever the set of abstract operations permissible within Universal Grammar (UG) may ultimately be, we can expect them to be pointedly visible in the acquisition process. A prediction follows:


This article describes the one‐to‐one integrated tutoring and therapy offered to gifted underachievers at the Willings Learning Clinic in the U K. This approach represents a type of intervention that focuses on and celebrates strengths rather than weaknesses. The approach centers on respect for the Self and is central to the philosophy that gifted children (and adults) have unlimited capacity for personal growth which is very frequently blocked, but can be unblocked.


This paper presents an analytical framework for the study of Hybrid ARQ techniques aimed at the transmission of multimedia content with differential encoding. We propose a Markov model of a Selective Repeat Hybrid ARQ transmission scheme, where we assume that packets have different properties in terms of size, information content, and retransmission limit, so as to capture the differential encoding which characterizes such multimedia data.We consider a non-zero round-trip time channel modeled through a discrete-time Markov Chain. We provide an analytical tool for the evaluation of two main performance metrics, namely, throughput and goodput. The model is extremely flexible and allows evaluation of several channel conditions and comparison of different types of ARQ (plain ARQ, Type I and II hybrid ARQ). Our results can be used as an effective tool to define design guidelines of multimedia transmission systems and to understand their performance trends.


Objective To observed the treating effect of nutrition therapy on Pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods A total of 82 hospitalized patients with Pulmonary tuberculosis were randomly allocated into two groups:The nutrition group were provided with nutrition diet and the control group went on diet by themselves.And compare the nutritional index such as BMI、HB、ALB、TLC.Results BMI、HB、ALB、TLC increased significantly in the nutrition group and were higher than those of the control group,and the conversion rate of sputum culture in the nutritional support group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The reasonable nutritional support for the patients with Pulmonary tuberculosis could improve the nutritional state and outcome.


Crystallographic and spectroscopic studies have been performed of structures, coordination and chemical bonding for series of trivalent metal ions solvated by two oxygen-coordinating solvents, wate ...


Forest inventories have traditionally been used for acquiring quantitative and qualitative information of forests. With the advent of technology, remote sensing has been found to provide an alternative for forest mapping and monitoring in less time and low cost. This research involves the study of forest crown closure, type of tree species and their spatial distribution in Ayubia National Park with SPOT 5 (2.5m spatial resolution) & ALI (30m spatial resolution) imageries based on the collaboration of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing. In this study the optical properties of tree species were used to classify the study area into different vegetation categories. Being different and unique for each species, optical properties were used as a source of species identification. Species classification was performed using various supervised classification methods, both on high spectral (ALI) and spatial (SPOT) resolution multispectral space borne imageries.


Quantum computers can solve certain problems much faster than classical computers. However, in order to benefit from the speed-up granted by quantum algorithms, they must first be rendered as hardware-level instructions (i.e. quantum circuits) in a process known as quantum compiling. Any choice of discrete gate set from which our compilation result is constructed should be both universal and fault-tolerant, such that any quantum algorithm can be compiled and successfully executed despite the presence of environmental noise. From these requirements, it follows that it is impossible to avoid including at least one gate that is disproportionately expensive relative to the others. Many leading proposals for the first generation of qubit-based quantum computers designate the T gate, otherwise known as the π8 gate, to be this necessary yet costly gate. In this thesis, we present novel algorithms for compiling quantum circuits that reduce the T count of input circuits. In addition, we present analogous compilation algorithms for qudit-based quantum computers, for which the M gate is the designated expensive gate.


A new mutant of the industrial enzyme penicillin G acylase (PGA) from Escherichia coli has been designed to improve its reversible immobilization on anionic exchangers (DEAE- or polyethyleneimine [PEI]-coated agarose) by assembling eight new glutamic residues distributed homogeneously through the enzyme surface via site-directed mutagenesis. The mutant PGA is produced and processed in vivo as is the native enzyme. Moreover,


A preliminary analysis on the impact of wind power penetration into the grid is presented. This develops consistent simulation tools to analyze the steady-state impact of the interconnection of wind turbine generators to the utility grid for (i) power flow analysis, and (ii) reactive power compensation. Simulation results show that parallel compensation improves the effective power-factor of the wind farm, whereas series compensation improves the power developed by the induction machines. The advantages of both series and parallel compensation with AC capacitors are utilized by 'series-parallel' compensation. Simulation studies done on a 9-bus radial system, using the C++ programming language, show that this combination produces a very satisfactory voltage profile at the point of common coupling.


Based on direct measurement by the MMS spacecraft in the years of 2017 and 2018, we perform studies on the vorticity field () within the reconnection jet in the plasma sheet. A typical event on 26 July 2017 shows clearly the evolution of the field with the jet velocity: is weak in the decelerated BBF and strong in the fast BBF. The strongest -field is in the decaying BBF, around the dipolarization fronts. Despite the evolution of the BBF, the -field is characterized by the perpendicular vorticity (ω). Statistical results confirm the close correlation between BBF and . Higher means stronger . This accounts for the dawn-dusk asymmetry of the -field. The anisotropic is more significant in the V-dominating BBF than in the V-dominating BBF. The -field within the reconnection jet is β-dependence. The β-dependence -field tends to be stronger in super-M jet than in sub-M jet.


Self-sustainable systems exploit the power sources in the environment (such as solar power) to maintain it's operations. Wireless sensor networks, one of the most popular applications of self-sustainable systems, may harvest environmental energy to sense and communicate. A key issue of self-sustainable sensor networks is that the power source varies constantly. Thus, it is important for the system to intelligently adjust the workload on each sensor to increase the network lifetime. In our work, we propose a dynamic routing and operation strategy for self-sustainable sensor networks. The system configuration is adjusted dynamically according to the amount of energy harvested at each sensor node. Our strategy aims to maximize the sampling and communication frequencies of each sensor while not compromising system sustainability. Experimental results indicate that our strategy enables the best system performance and a higher probability of self-sustainability compared to other baseline strategies.


The evolution of archival description is analysed, giving special attention to the problems created by the coexistence of different standards regulating it. Thereafter, the achievements, limits, risks and exigencies of this process are considered. Finally, the changes that normalisation has provoked in the very concept of archival description is studied


As heterogeneous distributed systems, multi_agent systems present some necessary issues.There are the problems of knowing how to effectively allocate agents to computers,and launch them on remote hosts.Now,many agent systems provide a static solution to the problems.In this paper, a dynamic effective configuration algorithm is put forward,which designs a thin agent structure and makes use of the service in the agent system to find available hosts in real time and launch multi_agent systems automatically and rapidly according to the runtime requirement of agent.


Despite the abundance and successes of studies on manipulated reviews, there have been notable limitations acknowledged by academia and industry alike. Some of which include the lack of rich datasets for feature extraction and the inability to marry verbal and nonverbal features for model development. Furthermore, prior studies have always relied on existing literature in order to select relevant features for analysis. The limitations mentioned have rendered recent attempts at combating review manipulations quite unreliable and they lack the efficacy to target complex manipulated reviews, for example fake reviewers whose profiles are set to private. We attempt to bridge this gap by proposing a hybrid framework that incorporates econometrics and machine learning in feature extraction, engineering and review detection. Furthermore we utilize these methods in tandem and derive new sets of features for future analysis. This emergent study has important implications for research and practice.


Japanese asteroidal mission "Hayabusa-2" aims at bringing back samples of a C-type asteroid to the Earth, which is expected to extend our knowledge about the early evolution of the solar system and the origin of Earth's life through the on-ground analysis of the returned samples. To maximize its scientific outputs, it is important to reveal the distributions of hydrated minerals and organics on the asteroid surface by remote sensing. Although we can examine the distribution of hydrated minerals by using the near-infrared spectrometer on-board the Hayabusa-2 spacecraft, the method to examine that of organics has not been established yet. Since the total amounts of carbon including carbonaceous meteorites show a clear negative correlation with their absolute reflectance in visible, the absolute reflectance might become a useful index for estimating the organics content. However, the absolute reflectance also depends on the physical properties such as particle size and porosity. Then, we considered discerning the organics content and particle size by using the photometric properties in addition to the absolute reflectance, and performed an experiment to verify this idea using analog materials of asteroid surface. The samples that we used are dunite and humic acid as silicate and organics analogs, respectively. We measured the photometric properties of (1) silicate-organics mixtures and (2) dunite samples with different particle size in the phase angle range of 5-60 degrees. The measurements were performed with a gonio-spectrometer developed in University of Aizu. As a result, in the case of increasing the organics content, the reflectance becomes lower and backward scattering becomes stronger. While in the case of increasing the particle size, the reflectance becomes lower and forward scattering becomes stronger. Also we found that those variations could be matched with the predictions from a theoretical model. Thus, we conclude that it is possible to discern the organics content and particle size based on the absolute reflectance and photometric properties. We need more experiments to examine the effect of space weathering.


Objective To assess the clinical significance of endoscopic uhrasonography(EUS) and CT virtual in the diagnosis and preoperative staging of gastric cancer. Methods Twenty-four gastric cancer patients were scanned on CT-Virtual and endoscopic uhrasonogrphy, operative findings and pathological diagnosis were correlated with that of spiral CT and endoscopic uhrasongrphy findings. Results The sensitivity of EUS in T,N and M stage were 87. 5% (21/24) ;79. 2% (19/24) and 57. 1% (4/7) , The sensitivity of CT-virtual in T,N and M stage were 79. 2% ( 19/24), 70. 8% (17/24) and 100.0% (7/7). Conclusion EUS shows the prominent advantage in preoperative evaluation of the staging of gastric cancer especially in the diagnosis of the depth of tumor invasion and local lymph node metastasis, CT-virtual is an efficient complement in diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Key words:
Endoscopic uhrasonography ;  Stomach neoplasms ;  Tomography, X-ray computer;  Neoplasm staging


This brief paper addresses the application of the J-integral to fracture analysis and toughness characterization of quasi-brittle materials, with specific focus on the tension-softening behavior in the fracture process zone. Concern is often raised on the validity of the J-integral when unloading occurs in the material points along which the J-integral contour path traverses, particularly during process-zone growth. This paper clarifies that this concern is misplaced. Whereas the J-integral contour wraps around the tension-softening line springs of the bridging elements in the process zone, the material points on the J-integral contour undergoes elastic loading and unloading. Therefore application of the J-integral to quasi-brittle materials does not violate the basic tenet of the assumption of nonlinear elastic material behavior underlying the J-integral theoretical formulation.


Neuromorphic systems that densely integrate CMOS spiking neurons and nano-scale memristor synapses open a new avenue of brain-inspired computing. Existing silicon neurons have molded neural biophysical dynamics but are incompatible with memristor synapses, or used extra training circuitry thus eliminating much of the density advantages gained by using memristors, or were energy-inefficient. Here we describe a novel CMOS spiking leaky integrate-and-fire neuron circuit. Building on a reconfigurable architecture with a single opamp, the described neuron accommodates a large number of memristor synapses, and enables online spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) learning with optimized power consumption. Simulation results of an 180nm CMOS design showed 97% power efficiency metric when realizing STDP learning in 10,000 memristor synapses with a nominal 1MΩ memristance, and only 13μA current consumption when integrating input spikes. Therefore, the described CMOS neuron contributes a generalized building block for large-scale brain-inspired neuromorphic systems.


This thesis describes an application that allows users to write annotations to PDF documents through a web based interface. The primary features include opportunity to open available documents, view annotations by other users and write comments on these. The application is realized by means of various web based technologies and interoperability between these. During the development our primary focus will be on the interoperability between the individual units of the application. We will be analyzing various technologies and platforms in order to achieve maximum functionality and efficiency in each of the components that constitute the system. Each component is designed individually using selected technologies. We complete the application by setting up communication between the units. Finally the solution is implemented on a web server in order to make it accessible from any computer with access to the internet. The resulting application PDF Annotator can be accessed at http://annotator.projekts.eu/


Abstract Silicon dioxide has two outstanding characteristics: it is of great technological importance in several forms, and it involves physical phenomena of considerable scientific interest. In this paper we review several issues regarding defects and defect processes in SiO2. We consider issues associated with oxygen vacancies in different charge states in both α-quartz and silica glass, and ways that hydrogen can interact with vacancies. Interstitials are discussed, with particular focus on interstitial hydrogen. We reach two conclusions: first, that basic chemical notions of bonding seem to work well in describing processes in silicon dioxide, a relatively unconstrained material that can relax to yield chemically stable structures; and second, that considerable progress in understanding many of the questions that still surround defects in silica glass could be attained from a careful analysis of local structures in high-quality, many-atom structural models of silica.


New approach to the integration of nonlinear Klein-Fock-Gordon equation is given. Solutions U(x; y; z; t) are searched in the form of a composite function U = f(W). It is assumed that W(x; y; z; t) simultaneously satisfies to two partial differential equations and f(W) to the self-similar nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Functionally invariant solutions are constructed for W which contain arbitrary function F(α). Ansatz α(x; y; z; t) may be found as a root of linear algebraic equation of variables (x; y; z; t) with coefficients in the form of arbitrary functions of α. Particular expressions of ansatz α are found. Proposed approach is illustrated by the solution of triple sh-Gordon equation.


Abstract Environment and diarrhea is a complex and multidimensional topic. An unhealthy environment is the main reason for its causation in the community, however not much effort is made to understand and improve the condition. The incidence of this disease is primarily related to the hot season, poor environmental sanitation and low quality potable water. Hence diarrhea, among other common communicable diseases, is seen as the index of public health condition. The Meghalaya, a North Eastern Indian state, is a plateau landmass with a unique bio-cultural diversity in the world's wettest climate. The huge majority of the population is mostly scheduled tribes living in rural areas (81.4%) and of which only half is covered under the institutional health care delivery. As expected it offers a wide range of disease environments, dominated by communicable diseases (35.68%). Recent observations (1994, 1996) revealed that Acute Diarrhoeal Disease ranked highest in most of the districts with the highest prevalence rate of 225 cases per thousand in the Ri Bhoi against the state average of 104 cases. In general higher temperature, lower altitude and high density of population induced higher prevalence. Late summer and early rainy season are the peak periods of incidence throughout the state. The present paper attempts an insight into the pattern of prevalence of the Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases over the geo-cultural extent of the state to understand the latent environmental factors involved.


Assessment practitioners commonly assert that faculty involvement in the assessment process is critical to its success, though obtaining such involvement is not an easy task. Faculty members have numerous demands of their time, and anecdotal evidence indicates that faculty members often prioritize assessment activities below other activities, if at all. As individual perceptions are often the best predictors of behavior, and beliefs influence perceptions, judgments, and practices, the purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of faculty at two large, public research universities concerning the ways that institutions of higher education should utilize assessment of student learning outcomes. Participants completed a Q sort with 36 items representing the perceived accountability vs. improvement dichotomy at the course, program, and institutional levels. Additional statements represented negative views toward assessment. Two distinct factors resulted. It's Not Personal posits that assessment is primarily valuable for program and institutional improvement, with a supplemental awareness of external pressures of accountability.


Rebirthing is a very powerful and important method of psychotherapy and of personal and spiritual development based upon breathwork. This article shows that Rebirthing has respectable ancestors in the family of psychotherapies. It considers the relationship between Rebirthing and breathing methods, Rebirthing and the birth trauma, Rebirthing and regression, Rebirthing and the Repetition Compulsion, and Rebirthing and spiritual development. It argues that Rebirthing makes an original contribution to psychotherapy particularly through its gentle uses. It describes Rebirthing an energy psychotherapy which deals with the problems described above in an original and constructive way.


This contribution refers to the history of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) initiative for the inventory and compilation of the global geosites list, "The geosite project". This project that started in1996 came as a consequence of the recent years discussion in international level, geological sites to be included in global site-based conservation and protection projects and in the world heritage list of UNESCO.The Global Geosites Working Group set up by International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) with the support of UNESCO in 1995, undertook the initiative for the systematic inventory of the most important sites, above all for the needs of the geological sciences research and education. The project aims also, to involve the whole geological community in geoconservation, as well as to support any national or international initiative to protect geodiversity, a recourse completely unrenewable. In Europe the whole pilot work for the geosites project is carried out by ProGEO, the European Association for the geological-geomorphological heritage conservation. ProGEO to which most of Europe's nations are represented by members, through regular international congresses, meetings, workshops, has led the way for the project, supported by its regional working groups and its national representatives (Greece belongs to the ProGEO WG1 of south-eastern Europe).


The relationship between economic growth and renewable energy (RE) consumption has received enormous attention in the literature. However, there are diverse views about the causality and nature of this relationship. The paper investigates how RE consumption during power generation is affected by economic growth and electricity prices using data from 1990 to 2012. This is conducted by using three case study countries (United Kingdom, Turkey, and Nigeria). Then, a prediction model is developed for the year 2030. The findings in this paper show that RE consumption, for the period under consideration, is significantly determined by income and electricity prices in the long run. These findings support the advantages of government policies encouraging the use of RE by implementing RE markets and RE portfolio standards to not only enhance the security and environmental concerns, but also from a macroeconomic point of view (stable economic growth).


This paper, which mainly describes the problem of stability of discretetime cellular neural networks, presents a sufficient condition to ensure complete stability by analyzing the fixed point of the discretetime CNN system, and applying the iteration method.


Student modeling within intelligent tutoring systems is a task largely driven by binary models that predict student knowledge or next problem correctness (i.e., Knowledge Tracing (KT)). However, using a binary construct for student assessment often causes researchers to overlook the feedback innate to these platforms. The present study considers a novel method of tabling an algorithmically determined partial credit score and problem difficulty bin for each student's current problem to predict both binary and partial next problem correctness. This study was conducted using log files from ASSISTments, an adaptive mathematics tutor, from the 2012-2013 school year. The dataset consisted of 338,297 problem logs linked to 15,253 unique student identification numbers. Findings suggest that an efficiently tabled model considering partial credit and problem difficulty performs about as well as KT on binary predictions of next problem correctness. This method provides the groundwork for modifying KT in an attempt to optimize student modeling.


The archaeological site commonly referred to as Spiro is becoming more and more a topic for discussion among Mississippi Valley archaeologists. This developing interest and enthusiasm in the Spiro site has been stimulated in various ways; by examination of artifacts in private collections or in museums, by an increasing reference to Spiro materials in the literature, and through recognition of Spiro as a grandiose example of the so-called "Southern Cult" complex. Although there has been considerable interest in the site, little synthesized information has been published. Only recently, Orr has presented the most definitive facts available.


Rational choice institutionalism (RCI) conceives of European integration as the outcome of three interpla ing forces interests information an institutions Cooperation in the European Union (EU) is thus based on collective choices among a diverse set of actors ranging from voters to member states that disagree over the potential outcome of the decision-making process, are uncertain about the motives and resources of other players, and are exposed to decision-making rules with varying distributional consequences. RCI distinguishes between two fundamental choices the supranational organization can make. EU actors can in this perspective either decide how the EU should be governed ( decision-making about rules ) or how a policy should be changed with the help of a given rule ( decision-making within rules ). he first perspective deals largely with the intergovernmental conferences during which the European Union has changed the rules that structure the interactions among the member states. The latter viewpoint addresses how the relevant decision makers of the European Union have amended or prevented policy changes alone or in collaboration with other actors. Rational Choice Institutionalism and European Integration Gerald Schneider and Anastasia Ershova Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics


BS>The influence of the known weak interactions on the parity of nuclear states is discussed. Derivation of a parity nonconserving interaction rests on the assumption of a current-current hypothesis for the weak interactions. Consequently, observation of parity impurity effects would be an important confirmation of this hypothesis. A simple approximate method of treating the nuclear parity impurity is developed and applied in an effort to find experimental situations favorable to observation of effects due to such impurity. Parity-forbidden alpha decay from excited states of light nuclei and certain electromagnetic transitions in the heavy nuclei appear to be promising. Special attention was paid to the internal conversion electrons from the 123kev transition nn Lu/sup 173/ whose polarization is estimated to be about 0.4%. An effect on polarized neutrons analogous to optical rotation is also discussed. (auth)


Moving bilingual children beyond subordinated categories toward full engagement in relevant and authentic learning that embraces their communities.Our faculty in the Education Department at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte often spends time discussing issues we see within our middle grades program, including with our undergraduate teacher candidates in clinical and student teaching settings, with practicing teachers in initial licensure programs, and those learning their way into an M.Ed. in Middle Grades Education. It was at one such meeting that we found ourselves returning to the concern of our content area teachers not feeling knowledgeable about working with Latino newcomers. We were talking our way around the edges of the topic, hoping for solid language that would give clear voice to this issue, when Jeanneine shared this story:I'd never encountered a child who truly couldn't speak a single word of my own language. Yet there they were, two gorgeous Latina girls sitting quietly in the very back of the room, hands folded, staring at the tree outside the window, surely bored half to death, understanding absolutely nothing. The teacher wasn't helping much either because, just like me, she didn't know what to do or even where to begin. She didn't speak their language, and they didn't speak hers. Much to my dismay she made a beeline straight for me after class, and I was pretty sure it wasn't to discuss the student teacher I'd come to observe next block. Instead, just as I feared, it was to eagerly ask for my advice on how to work with those two girls. My conversation on the topic was short, with that five minutes pretty much covering everything I knew. That day lefta real mark on me. That image, though 20 years old, is still so vivid in my head that I can recall the yellow shirt one of the girls was wearing. Like I said, it lefta mark on me because it forced me to confront something that was a dangerous void in my teacher life, and I realized I'd better figure it out fast. I'm worried that our program still isn't where it should be in this area, and especially given our growing Charlotte Latina population.Jeanneine later shared that things got better for the two Latina girls with the arrival that semester of an English as a second language educator. This teacher helped them on their way to learning a new culture, navigating a new school, and, even more important, becoming a part of the school community through both curricular and extracurricular activities. In time, the language became easier for them, too, opening not only academic doors but social windows, which are critically important to young adolescents (Strahan, L'Esperance, & Van Hoose, 2009; Stevenson, 1998).Twenty years later, thousands of young adolescents now come into our middle grades classrooms from a rich array of countries, some with a strong working knowledge of English, some with emerging proficiency in their new language, and some with nothing at all in terms of mainstream communication skills-many, like those two young girls, are of Latino heritage.Culture plays a critical role in the most effective middle schools (NMSA, 2010), and we consider transnational children of immigration to be a great wealth, a rich blessing. We work tirelessly to equip today's middle grades teachers to serve this group of children better than we did 20 years ago. As teacher educators within The University of North Carolina Charlotte's large, urban college of education, we now regularly receive requests for assistance from middle and high school teachers and administrators who are interested in establishing a better school environment for their increasingly diverse adolescent populations. In central Piedmont, a large and growing number of Latino families accounts for much of that diversity.As of 2007, Latinos comprised 15% of the total U.S. population, with approximately one-third selfidentifying as Mexican in origin. …


Air-Mobility Rigid Shelter Systems (Interim Report) by T. W. Reichard and L. F. Skoda This interim report covers the first portion of a long-range investigation dealing with the design and durability of lightweight, rigid structures (shelters) used by the military as combination shipping containers and housing for tactical and life-support services. This report covers the results of field and laboratory studies intended to correlate functional and structural problems with in-service conditions. It was found that water leakage into the shelters and into the sandwich panels was probably the basic problem area although many shelters appeared to have been defective at the time of delivery. It was found that, under adverse conditions, a polyamid paper honeycomb core would be significantly better for the sandwich panels than is the kraft paper core now used. Major delaminations of the sandwich panels cculd not be correlated with impact damage such as would be caused by forklift bumps. Subsequent reports will present the results from a structural analysis of and field tests on shelters subjected to typical dynamic and static loading conditions.


Purpose: We evaluated the effect of tamsulosin for the short-term treatment of urinary stones. Materials and Methods: Two hundred forty-seven patients who were diagnosed with urinary stones were enrolled in this prospective, randomized multicenter study. The treatment and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) group (Group 1, n=115) was given diclofenac sodium 100 mg plus tamsulosin 0.2 mg for 1 week. The control and SWL group (Group 2, n=92) was given diclofenac sodium for 1 week. The treatment and no SWL group (Group 3, n=19) was treated the same as Group 1. The control and no SWL group (Group 4, n=21) was given diclofenac sodium only. Patients in Groups 3 and 4 did not want to take SWL treatment. The size of the stone, expulsion rate according to stone location and ESWL machines, changes in pain score, and distance of stone migration when expulsion of the stone failed were compared among the groups. Results: There were no differences in the 4 groups in sex or stone size. The stone expulsion rate of lower ureter stones in group 1 (59.6%) was significantly higher than in group 2 (30.8%) (p=0.01). The distance of stone migration in group 3 was longer than that in group 4 (5.63±5.48 cm compared with 0.33±0.68 cm; p=0.002). Although the difference was not significant in the SWL groups, the distance of stone migration in group 1 was longer than that in group 2 (7.08±6.9 cm compared with 5.46±7.4 cm; p>0.05). There were no significant differences in changes on the pain scale among the groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that adjunctive medical therapy for 1 week with tamsulosin after SWL increases the stone expulsion rate of lower ureteral stones and increases the distance of stone migration in case of failure of stone expulsion. (Korean J Urol 2009;50:586-590) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏


We conduct what we believe to be the most methodologically rigorous study of mood effect in the field so far to measure its economic impact and address shortcomings in the existing literature. Using a large dataset containing over 46 million car inspections in Sweden and England in 2016 and 2017, we study whether inspectors are more lenient on days when their mood is predicted to be good, and if car owners exploit the mood effect by selecting these days to inspect low quality cars. Different sources of good mood are studied: Fridays, sunny days, and days following unexpected wins by the local soccer team, with varying degrees of the car owner's ability to plan for inspection, and hence the likelihood of selection bias. We find limited evidence to support the existence of mood effects in this domain, despite survey results showing belief to the contrary. There is some indication of selection effect on the part of car owners. Our findings cast doubt on previous mood effects found in the field.


Objective To explore the function of matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein/osteoblast/osteocyte (MEPE/OF45 pro- tein) for its antibody preparation and localization.Methods The purified proteins were obtained through MEPE/OF45 protein fragment ex- pressed in vitro by molecular cloning to immunize mice for antibodies to detect MEPE/OF protein localization with immunofluorescence stai- ning.Results The higher specific antibody was obtained,and there was different localization in MEPE/OF45 protein between radiation sen- sitivity cell and anti-radiation cell.Conclusions MEPE/OF45 protein in different radiation sensitivity cells has different localization,pres- enting that it participates in cellular DNA injury repairing after radiation.


Within 10 years from now, the manpower required for writing applications software for large experimental physics control systems will exceed a few hundred to a few thousand man-years per system. In order to handle this huge effort one must establish standard mo dels, adopt adequate computer software en gineering methods and tools (among which the object-oriented appear quite promising), set up of standard protocols, and construct application environments via world-wide col laboration. Hence the importance of ICALEPCS, the biennial International Confer ence on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, that covers the systems used to pilot the wide variety of large


The core issue of this work is to understand how subjects are treated, and how the child is spoken to, localized, read to, and situated from the diagnosis, both on behalf of the Other, in a diffuse discursive and imaginary upbringing, and on the words of others who demand treatment for the child. Undertaking an analysis from the diagnosis as bearings axis allows us to see how the medical-scientific knowledge is articulated in contemporary times with its power relations, as well as the relationships with the market that spread and sustain the hegemonic discourse about mental health.


Rock is a heterogeneous material which consists of grains with different strengths. Studies show that different homogeneous rock materials possess different acoustic emission characteristics in uniaxial compression. Researches of these characteristics have an important role in forecasting rockburst. Fish function is drew to realize model which contains random defect units and records events of acoustic emission. Acoustic emission on homogeneous and random defective material in uniaxial compression is simulated with FLAC3D. The differences of homogeneous model and defective model are discussed,as well as the influence of number of defective units on acoustic emission. Results have an important significance for study of rock acoustic emission characteristics.


A new method based on the equation of motion (EOM) for the reduced single-electron-density matrix is developed to calculate the excited-state properties of very large electronic systems. When the distance between two local orbitals is larger than a critical length, the corresponding off-diagonal density-matrix element is negligible and may be set to zero. This reduces the dimension of the EOM and the number of required matrix elements. The computational cost scales thus linearly with the system size. As an illustration, the new method is implemented to evaluate the absorption spectra of polyacetylene oligomers containing 30\char21{}500 carbon atoms. The resulting spectra agree well with those of the full calculation, and more importantly, the linear scaling of the computational time versus the size is clearly demonstrated.


ABSTRACT Self- disclosure on social networking sites was found to be related to cyber victimization, loneliness, and psychological distress. However, few studies have investigated the mediating role of cyber victimization in these relationships among adolescents, especially in Vietnamese adolescents. This paper aims to investigate the indirect effect of cyber victimization on the path from self-disclosure on social networking sites to loneliness and on the path from self-disclosure to psychological distress among Vietnamese adolescents. Responses from 980 Vietnamese adolescents (Mage = 16.39, SD = 0.592) with no missing data were used for the analysis. The results indicated that 1) cyber victimization partially mediated the link between self- disclosure and loneliness and 2) cyber victimization fully mediated the link between self- disclosure and psychological distress. Interventions aimed at reducing the risk of cyber victimization can help reduce loneliness and psychological distress in adolescents who have self-disclosed on social networking sites.


Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Human Trafficking: A New Challenge for Russia and the United States Chapter 3 Criminal Transportation of Persons: Trends and Recommendations Chapter 4 Classifying the Elements of Human Trafficking Crimes Chapter 5 Russian and Chinese Trafficking: A Comparative Perspective Chapter 6 Trafficking in Women in the Russian Far East: A Real or Imaginary Phenomenon? Chapter 7 Female Labor Migration Trends and Human Trafficking: Policy Recommendations Chapter 8 An Evaluation of Ukrainian Legislation to Counter and Criminalize Human Trafficking Chapter 9 Legal Cases Prosecuted under the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000


BACKGROUND
The Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America initiative aims to reduce new infections by 2030. Routine assessment of incident and prevalent HIV by transmission risk is essential for monitoring the impact of national, state, and local efforts to end the HIV epidemic.

METHODS
Data reported to the National HIV Surveillance System were used to estimate numbers of incident and prevalent HIV infection attributed to sexual transmission in the United States in 2018. The first CD4 result after diagnosis and a CD4 depletion model were used to generate estimates by transmission category, sex at birth, age group, and race/ethnicity.

RESULTS
In 2018, there were an estimated 32,600 (50% CI: 31,800, 33,400) incident and 984,000 (50% CI: 977,000, 990,900) prevalent HIV infections attributed to sexual transmission in the United States. Male-to-male sexual contact comprised 74.8% and 69.1% of incident and prevalent HIV infections, respectively. Persons aged 25-34 years comprised 39.6% (12,900; 50% CI: 12,400, 13,400) of incident infections; however, the number of prevalent infections was highest among persons 55 years and older [29.3%; 288,300 (50% CI: 285,600, 291,000)]. There were racial/ethnic differences in numbers of incident and prevalent infections among both men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons with HIV attributable to heterosexual contact.

CONCLUSIONS
In 2018, most incident sexually transmitted HIV infections occurred in MSM and the burden was disproportionate for persons aged 24-35 years, and Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino adults and adolescents. Efforts to increase use of effective biomedical and behavioral prevention methods must be intensified to reach the goal to end the HIV epidemic in the United States.


Since at least the late 1980s, economic restructuring has given new prominence to sectors frequently categorized as the "new economy," such as flexible manufacturing, financial services, information technology, cultural commodities, and tourism. Whereas many urban scholars view this process as the most recent instance of capitalism's structural tendencies toward creative destruction and uneven development, some social scientists and planners take the "new" very seriously and describe a corresponding "new geography." Otherwise theoretically disparate (and not exclusive to the discipline of geography per se), they argue that new economy industries engender their own spatial forms and systems, which cohere through particular social and economic mechanisms that cannot be attributed solely to ubiquitous processes and agents of urban and economic development. Often written from a technocratic planning and policy perspective, this literature frequently fails to address the concerns of urban political economy for capitalism's structural contradictions and of urban poststructuralism for the discursive constitution of places and landscapes. Nevertheless, scholars from the latter camps should attend to the new geography research for insights on what emerging spatial divisions of labor portend for space and society. These three books offer provocative claims and empirical data that, although not wholly satisfactory, make useful starting points for critical thinking about the new


3D printing, regarded as the most popular additive manufacturing technology, is finding many applications in various industrial sectors. Along with the increasing number of its industrial applications, reducing its material consumption and increasing the strength of 3D printed objects have become an important topic. In this paper, we introduce unidirectionally and bidirectionally stiffened structures into 3D printing to increase the strength and stiffness of 3D printed objects and reduce their material consumption. To maximize the advantages of such stiffened structures, we investigated finite element analysis, especially for general cases of stiffeners in arbitrary positions and directions, and performed optimization design to minimize the total volume of stiffened structures. Many examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed finite element analysis and optimization design as well as significant reductions in the material costs and stresses in 3D printed objects stiffened with unidirectional and bidirectional stiffeners.


Since anomalies are usually caused by changes in shape and amplitude in time series data, and most of the interval‐based methods utilized appear in the literature from a global perspective to detect anomalies. Nevertheless, the anomalies are also usually caused by local changes in shape and amplitude. Following these limitations, an enhanced interval‐based approach based on the interval information granules with the principle of justifiable granularity, viz., the EIA method, is formulated in this study for anomaly detection. First, the interval information granules are produced separately from the global and local perspectives in an abstracted manner on the basis of this principle. An interval‐based similarity measurement algorithm is then designed based on the abstraction results to calculate the anomaly scores from the various interval information granules for anomaly detection. Compared with classical methods, the proposed approach exhibits better performance in terms of data anomaly resolution and detection accuracy, which have been verified and supported in much of real‐world data. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.


The artificial neural network (ANN)-based compact modeling methodology is evaluated in the context of advanced field-effect transistor (FET) modeling for Design-Technology-Cooptimization (DTCO) and pathfinding activities. An ANN model architecture for FETs is introduced, and the results clearly show that by carefully choosing the conversion functions (i.e., from ANN outputs to device terminal currents or charges) and the loss functions for ANN training, ANN models can reproduce the current–voltage and charge–voltage characteristics of advanced FETs with excellent accuracy. A few key techniques are introduced in this work to enhance the capabilities of ANN models (e.g., model retargeting, variability modeling) and to improve ANN training efficiency and SPICE simulation turn-around-time (TAT). A systematical study on the impact of the ANN size on ANN model accuracy and SPICE simulation TAT is conducted, and an automated flow for generating optimum ANN models is proposed. The findings in this work suggest that the ANN-based methodology can be a promising compact modeling solution for advanced DTCO and pathfinding activities.


N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) copolymeric gels have been synthesized using UV-initiated photopolymerization to understand their characteristic behavior for development as a bioengineering material, specifically for tissue expansion. The properties of the gels have been investigated by systematic variation of the monomer feed composition and initiator and crosslinker concentrations as well as UV irradiation intensity, which was controlled by various photomasks. The swelling kinetics and network characteristics for the various hydrogels were investigated through the observation of gel swelling behavior in saline solutions and compression modulus determination of the fully swollen hydrogels. The equilibrium swelling ratio (qe) of the gels increased as expected with increasing VP content and decreasing crosslinker concentration. However, it was found that as the amount of initiator or UV intensity increased, unexpectedly qe also increased, which indicates a network structure with decreasing effective crosslink density (νe) (or increasing average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc)). Based on this anomalous swelling behavior and thermal analysis of the gels, a molecular structure is proposed consisting of increasing number of dangling chain ends within the polymer network. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1450–1462, 2008


We consider a transmission problem in which the interior domain has infinitely ramified structures. Transmission between the interior and exterior domains occurs only at the fractal component of th...


The coherence function between two crossed accelerations is used in the reference material to identify chatter in turning. The accelerations are in two directions, axial X and vertical Z, measured by two accelerometers mounted on the tool shank. In the frame of an experiment, focused on the monitoring of a lathe, the accelerations of the cutter-holder was registered, for different cutting wear classes (c1 ÷ c6), where c6 means "Chatter". Twelve monitoring indices were calculated, among: x5 → Fz variation range; x6 → number of inter-sections of oscillogram Fz with its average value Fz. The histograms of the column matrices corresponding to the monitoring indices x5 and x6, shown for each class, underline the accurate use of these indices values for chatter detection. The coherence function between the accelerations in the directions Y and Z was calculated, by using the function COHERE from MATLAB. The class recordings c6 (Chatter) falls, with one exception, under the criterion from reference material, but it can be seen that 75 % recordings from the class c2 take the maximum value of the coherence function equal to or greater than 0.91. For these recordings the first 6 monitoring indices were calculated. According to a new criterion (which operate with the monitoring indices x5 and x6), these recordings are not within the class c6, but class c2. As a conclusion, we believe that the new criterion is much more efficient than those at reference material.


Corresponding author: S.C. Bidve, Department of Botany, K.T.H.M. College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Metabolite profiling is the multi-parallel relative quantification of a mixture of compounds or compound classes using chromatography and universal detection technologies (GC-MS, LCMS) for biological samples. Metabolic profiling could provide the link between traditional herbal medicines and molecular pharmacology. Aegiceras corniculatum is one of the important species of black river mangrove plant. Present studies explaining the strategies of metabolite profiling of polar as well as non-polar compounds from leaves and bark extracts of plant Aeiceras corniculatum by using GCMS. The range of solvent from non-polar to polar viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water separately used for extraction. The GC-MS profile revealed the presence of phenolics, carbohydrates, steroids, alkaloids, hydrocarbons, fatty acids and esters, amines etc. In parallel with GC-MS statistical analytical tools such as principal component analysis used to yield significant and precise results. In present study the biologically active compounds-Plectoxanxthin, Ndeacetyl Colchicine, Cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, Thiirane, Gamolenic acid, 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid, Lupol, Rhodopine were reported from different extracts of plant.


Capturing characteristics of large data streams has received considerable attention. The constraints in space and time often restrict the data stream processing to only one pass. Furthermore, processing data streams over sliding windows makes the problem more difficult and challenging. In this paper, we address the problem of estimating epsi-approximate frequency in data streams over sliding windows. We are the first who propose an efficient algorithm which can achieve O(1/epsi) space requirement and only need O(1) running time to process each item in the data stream and to answer a query.