Summary A close examination of an inscribed limestone stela, BM 102600=CIH 611, revealed a number of interesting physical and textual features worthy of discussion. The stela, inscribed on all four sides, is from Ma'rib and may be dated to the second century ВС on the basis of the palaeography. Although the upper part of the inscription is missing, the use of the root qny ("to acquire") indicates that the stela records the property rights of a tribe on an estate of land. Particular clauses refer to the regulation of the water supply and the exploitation of field products in relation to the bordering estate. The verb, yd 7?, used to indicate the legal and correct employment of the water supply, occurs in a series of juridical documents of ancient South Arabia dealing with the administration of bordering private land properties. This body of texts, to which BM 102600=CIH 611 clearly belongs, reflects a specific juridical tradition within the ancient South Arabian legal system, which had been in existence since the archaic historical phase. The substantial involvement of major communal political bodies in the promulgation of these documents is a crucial factor that should be considered. The stela is 43.50 cm high and 24.50 cm wide. Given the nature of the break, and that around four to five lines may be missing from the beginning of the inscription, we cannot rule out that the stela was originally up to double its height. Traces of an ochrebased paint are preserved on the surface, which suggests that the entire piece was originally painted red. This stela's noticeable size, red surface, and fine carving in white limestone emphasize the importance of the inscription; it would have been an impressive monument erected in a significant position on the border of two neighbouring estates. Perhaps more importantly, there may have been a number of these monuments dotted around the landscape of Ma'rib, reinforcing the water rights of local landowners and emphasizing the power of the central authority. The essential features of the legal tradition underlying BM 102600=CIH 611 reflect the existence of a system of common law in ancient South Arabia. These data point to a society based on a centralized authority and a state closely concerned with the administration of its territory, in line with the rest of the ancient Near East.


After a brief survey of recent research on the Scriptures in the Book of Revelation in general, this study turns to Revelation 21 :1-22:9 before addressing some disputed issues in Revelation's use of the Scriptures. Is John interpreting Scripture or does he use Scripture merely as a quarry for his own statements? While the modern understanding of interpretation finds it difficult to find common elements with ancient approaches to interpretation, post-modernity offers a better chance to appreciate John's way of dealing with the Scriptures. John's approach must be understood by situating it among the various Jewish approaches to the Scriptures. It can best be characterised as that of 'rewritten scripture' and is close to midrash and targum.


Innovation of higher institution administration is the sub-system of education innovation in higher education. Management thoughts innovation is the forerunner of management innovation. Based on people-oriented idea, we should establish an all round development education thought with the combination of humanity education and science education and set up the "Big Project" idea and sustainable development idea.


Hadfield steel is widely used in the manufacture of machines and mechanisms operating in harsh conditions. When machining Hadfield steel parts, problems are due to the strain hardening. The article studies the influence of cutting modes on steel hardness, tool thrust and surface roughness when milling Hadfield steel using cutters with replaceable inserts. The experiments were conducted on a milling machining center using high-productivity cutting tools. The optical roughness measuring method was applied. Hardness was measured with a portable hardness tester before and after milling. The article describes experimental results that show the dependence of the output machining parameters on the cutting speed and feed per tooth. The influence of cutting data on tool life in a finish milling operation was identified. The results will help to improve the quality and productivity and increase the tool life in roughing and finishing Hadfield steel parts.


As the largest developing country in the world, with rapid economic growth, China has witnessed fast-paced urbanization development over the past three decades. In fact, urbanization has been shown to promote economic growth and improve the livelihood of people, but it can also increase energy consumption and further generate energy crisis. Therefore, a better understanding of the relationship between urbanization, economic growth and energy consumption is important for China's future sustainable development. This paper empirically investigates the long-term equilibrium relationships, temporal dynamic relationships and causal relationships between urbanization, economic growth and energy consumption in China. Econometric models are utilized taking the period 1980–2012 into consideration. Cointegration tests indicate that the variables are found to be of I(1) and cointegrated. Further, vector error-correction model (VECM) indicates that when the short-term fluctuations deviate from the long-term equilibrium, the current changes of energy consumption could eliminate 9.74% non-equilibrium error of the last period, putting back the situation to the equilibrium state through a reverse adjustment. Impulse response analysis intuitively portrays the destabilized changes of the variables in response to some external shocks. However, the impact of energy consumption shock on urbanization and the impact of urbanization on economic growth seem to be rather marginal. Moreover, Granger causality results reveal that there is a bi-directional Granger causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, and unidirectional causality running from urbanization to energy consumption and economic growth to urbanization. The findings have important implications for Chinese policymakers that on the path towards a sustainable society, the effects of urbanization and economic growth on energy consumption must be taken into consideration.


The paper first introduces characteristic functions of movement control card KPCI-884,and then presents a novel method to compile NC program,as well as the key function and implementation method of real-time control and displays the working state of NC milling machine with KPCI-884.In conclusion it gives a material example and the relevant outcome.


As air travel continues to grow so does the problem of providing reliable and efficient transport between airports and the regions they serve. A number of cities have built airport rail links of one kind or another. While some have been successful, others have not--yet the number of links planned or under construction continues to rise. Good access to both in-town and airport stations is of prime importance, but high speeds are not as important as frequency. It is often better to plug the airport into the metro, so offering the widest possible spread of destinations, rather than providing a faster and perhaps more costly non-stop link to a city terminal which less than a third of air passengers will want to use.


The paper presents a numerical solution for laminar fluid flow and heat transfer of a liquid metal in the entrance region of a rectangular channel with solid fins which are arranged on the top and bottom isothermal walls in a periodically staggered way. This arrangement simulates a compact heat exchanger. The governing equations are solved by a power-law scheme. The velocity and pressure terms of the momentum equation are solved by the SIMPLER method. The results demonstrated that the fins interrupt the boundary later and cause a detachment from the wall forming a recirculation zone in front of the fin, thus leading to a reattachment point with a relatively high Nusselt number. It is observed that increasing the fin height affects the heat exchanger design in two opposing ways, namely, a higher Nusselt number and increasing the pressure drop. It is also understood that the location of the periodically fully developed region is sensitive to both the Reynolds number and the Peclet number.


We present the quantum scattering dynamics of the depletion reaction ND  + D′ N  + D2 and of the exchange reaction ND  + D′ ND′  + D using the real wave packet and flux methods and modified NH2 potential energy surface (PES). A quantum scattering dynamics calculation is used to study the initial-state-resolved reaction probabilities, integral cross section, rate constants and thermal rate constant for both channels using the centrifugal sudden (CS) approximation for non-zero total angular momentum (J) values. Integral cross sections for both reactions depend strongly on the initial rotational states. In particular, the thermal reaction rate constant for the depletion channel is in good agreement with experimental and semiclassical results.


Abstract Triprojectacites Mtchedlishvili, 1961 emend. Stanley 1970 is an important pollen group of the Northern Hemisphere palynofloras during the Late Cretaceous. It is featured by three, or occasionally four or five, projections at the equatorial zone of the body with colpate apertures and endexinous thickenings. This pollen group is very useful in the stratigraphic division and correlation for its high diversity, short stratigraphic interval, and rapid evolution. However, the diversity and complex morphology make the pollen difficult to describe and classify, which brought discrepancies in the understanding and application of genus and species. In the present article, we make a re-evaluation of the previously proposed genera by using an improved, clearly defined morphological terminology based on standardised measurements. Finally, eight genera are screened out to set a new classification system from the 39 genera that have been proposed in relation with Triprojectacites. A diagnostic key is compiled for the convenience of differentiating them.


GZ electro-magnetic vibrating feeder finds more and more applications in alumnum carbon production.Currently there are nearly one hundred feeders being used in our poant.However,due to the lack of awareness of their performances.the equipment often is out of order.


This communication deals with theoretical and experimental researches being carried out by the authors in order to model an actual wooden support, and its deformational behaviour, after a back frame has been applied by means of springs, in a Florentine restoration laboratory. Such a device is aimed to serve as a framing technique useful for conservation of one-sided painted boards of wooden artworks. The main outcome of such a research, still ongoing, is a calibrated mathematical and numerical model, which allows one to choose the most appropriate mechanical parameters for springs, according to expected environmental conditions, in order to achieve a balance between deformation control and stress control.


A Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) is a type of mobile Peer-To-Peer wireless network that allows providing communication among nearby vehicles and between vehicles and nearby fixed roadside equipment. The lack of centralized infrastructure, high node mobility and increasing number of vehicles in VANETs result in several problems discussed in this paper, such as interrupting connections, difficult routing, security of communications and scalability. Groups are proposed as a solution to decrease the number and size of packets exchanged among vehicles because by using groups, VANETs can be split in small sub-VANETs that allow to avoid sending the same information through different paths. In this way, the proposal improves the efficiency and safety of communications through a hybrid model that combines symmetric and asymmetric cryptography. To reach this goal, nodes must know how to behave depending on their state, so this paper provides a full description of each group management process and of how to deal with the information within a group. Keywords-VANET; Groups; P2P; wireless networks;


Since the Covid pandemic, it has become popular to purchase used clothing. However, there are still obstacles to purchasing used apparel, such as limited selection, quality, and lack of product information. To address this issue, Fashion Campus, a platform for purchasing and selling used clothing with an attractive UI and excellent UX, was developed. UI/UX design is essential for ensuring a positive user experience, and Figma, a web-based vector design application, is being utilized for collaborative efforts. The Design Thinking method is used to increase the efficiency of collaboration and reduce development time. This iterative process permits researchers to gain a deeper understanding of users, to challenge presumptions, and to redefine existing problems in order to identify strategies and solutions. By focusing on the user experience, Design Thinking can lead to the creation of UI/UX Fashion Design by identifying new methods to enhance that experience.


Leaf blades of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), growing in heavily polluted industrial area have been studied for anatomical changes developed under the influence of the industrial contamination (with SO2, NxOx, Pb, As). The aim of the examination was to reveal the dynamics in the development of leaf blades and to trace the impact of the contaminated air on the leaf structure of Norway maple. The conducted study registered acceleration of the vegetative growth of the leaf blades that is manifested through approximately two weeks earlier appearance of leaves on the tree, faster linear growth and strengthened the xeromorphic traits in the leaf structure of the tree plants from the contaminated region. The observed changes are regarded as adaptation of the plant to the polluted environment, i.e. as tolerance. Additional key words: Norway maple, leave blades, industrially contaminated air, sulphur dioxide Address: Snejana B. Dineva, Technical College – Yambol, Thracian University "Stara Zagora", "Gr. Ignatiev" No 38 str., Yambol 8600, Bulgaria, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Low-cost aerators relying on the venturi principle to entrain air into flowing water have the notable advantage of contributing both to water mixing and oxygen transfer, making them attractive for wastewater treatment in low-resource settings. This study aimed to characterize the performance of such aerators by describing the impact of different design characteristics, including water flow rate, the number of nozzles used, and the nozzle depth. The study also explored the effect on aeration performance of temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration, and addition of the archetypal surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Tests were conducted in a 200 L reactor with 2, 3 or 4 nozzles, at depths of 20, 40 or 60 cm, while circulating water through the aeration device at a rate of 400, 600 or 800 L/h. The configuration that yielded the highest mass transfer coefficient (KLa20 of 20.8 h-1) had both the highest flow rate (800 L/h) and the smallest number of nozzles (2). Nozzle depth had no detectable effect on performance. The configuration with the highest standard aeration efficiency (SAE) had a low flow rate (400 L/h) and 4 nozzles. The effect of TDS concentration was not detected in the concentration range typical of domestic wastewater (300–1 250 mg/L). The effect of temperature on KLa followed a first-order exponential curve, as reported in the literature (θ = 1.02). Addition of SDS was found to increase the KLa20 of the tested aerator design by up to 60% of its value in tap water, in contrast to results from literature. The performance data obtained herein was compared to other types of aerators. Though venturi nozzles were found to be less efficient than other available technologies, it is proposed that using plunging rather than immersed venturi nozzles could increase performance to an attractive level for low-resource applications.


The "movie-struck girl" and the anxieties that this figure generated have been well documented in relation to early Hollywood. This article explores concurrent trends in Britain during the 1910s and 1920s. It examines the local publications and practices that emerged to cater to aspiring film actors. It also shows how discussions of would-be cinema stars took part in national debates about women's place in the labor market and the struggle to legitimize the domestic film industry.


Hypo Sludge is a waste produced in the paper manufacturing industry. Paper mills generate more than 4 million tons of sludge each year for disposal. Hypo Sludge is known to contain useful fibers and chemicals, as my project to get good results by adding of ferrous oxide to the hypo sludge to the fly ash improve the strength, durability, and life span of concrete structures exposed to weather. Paper making generally produces a large amount of solid waste. Paper fibers can be recycled only a limited number of times before they become too short or weak to make high quality paper. It means that the broken, low-quality paper fibers are separated out to become waste sludge. All the inks, dyes, coatings, pigments, staples and "stickiest" (tape, plastic films, etc.) are also washed off the recycled fibers to join the waste solids. The shiny finish on glossy magazine-type paper is produced using a fine kaolin clay coating, which also becomes solid waste during recycling. This paper mill sludge consumes a large percentage of local landfill space for each and every year. Worse yet, some of the wastes are land spread on cropland as a disposal technique, raising concerns about trace contaminants building up in soil or running off into area lakes and streams.


Wall thinning of outlet feeder piping by flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) is a serious form of degradation affecting some CANDU® stations. The general and localized loss of wall thickness is typically highest at or near welds and changes in pipe geometry due to increased velocity or turbulence. While the process is not a high safety concern because catastrophic failure is unlikely, feeder wall thinning may result in significant economic losses as a result of forced shutdowns for repair and replacement. Accurate modelling and prediction of feeder replacements and the probability of feeder failure is not only important for continued fitness-for-service, but essential for feeder life cycle management (LCM). This paper discusses some of the key issues related to feeder FAC, and presents a probabilistic method for modelling the wall thinning process. The wall thickness loss due to FAC is modelled using a random rate model, while the probability of feeder failure is based on an empirical approach. The developed methodology allows the estimation of the remaining life of both inspected and uninspected feeder populations, while methodically accounting for the uncertainties in the problem.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


By using the thermo-optical effect of fluorinated polyimide to modulate the index in partial region of multimode waveguide,a tunable polyimide-based multimode interference(MMI) waveguide power splitter is designed.The characteristics of power splitter are simulated by the finite-difference beam propagation method(BPM),and the results show that large tuning range can be realized.


Joseph Blenkinsopp, John A. O' Brein Professor Emeritus of Biblical Studies at the University of Notre Dame, has been writing extensively on Isaiah in the last number of years. Between 2000 en 2003 a three volume commentary on the Book of Isaiah by Blenkinsopp has been published in the acclaimed Anchor Bible series. In view if this, the current publication under discussion can be viewed as a sequel to the aforementioned three volume commentary on Isaiah.


C reating the excellence of the products is a must where competitiveness of service in logistic provider in giving satisfaction to valued customers.   The main objective of   the research  is  to  determine  the  relationships  amongst  variables : personnel contact quality, timeliness,  order  discrepancy  handling,  ordering  procedures  as  technical  functions  in logistic quality performance related to the customer satisfaction. The technique used in the analysis is done by structural equation model for obtaining the highest weights amongst variable used in the research, while measuring variables is by using a five-point likert-type Scale. The results of the research can be obtained by examining the effects of those variables stating that personnel contact quality   has   no substantial contributions   on customer satisfaction, timeliness has substantial contributions on   customer satisfaction, order discrepancy  handling  has  substantial  contributions  on  timeliness,  order  discrepancy handling has substantial contributions on customer satisfaction, ordering procedures has substantial contributions on   customer satisfaction, personnel contact quality has no contributions on timeliness, and ordering procedures has substantial contributions on order discrepancy handling. K eywords : logistic provider, logistic quality performance, customer satisfaction


I HAVE during my lifetime had a great deal to do with the selection of children at ii or i2 years of age for higher forms of education, and a good deal to do with the further selection which goes on at about I7 for entry to universities and colleges. I have however been very much worried by the fact that this process has an undesired and undesirable effect. It is intended, in all good faith, to be for the good both of the individual and the community, for it endeavours to educate each child in the way most likely to suit his ability and talents, and therefore most likely to make him happy, and this is also the way most likely to enable those talents to be of use to the community.


During the degradation of organic insulation, deterioration products are formed by oxidation, resulting in a change of the space-charge behavior. The initiation and growth of electrochemical treeing (ECT) implies a more complex decomposition by the simultaneous presence of water, electrical field, and a disturbed polymer. The chain of disintegration forms a greater amount of polymer radicals, hydroxyls, and many molecules with different lifetimes, causing a characteristic difference in charge relaxation behavior. This phenomenon was evaluated, separating the relaxation current out of the transient discharge current of aged and unaged XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) power cables ready for service with a modified charge measurement technique. The change of the dielectric relaxation phenomenon which accompanies ECT generation is investigated by a computer evaluation of the relaxation current using the idea of approximating the measured current by a superposition of exponential functions. The result is a diagnostic tool with a high power of distinction on ECT-free and ECT-contaminated XLPE power cables.<<ETX>>


─ An algorithm that combines a common source amplifier with the physics-based metal-oxidesemiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) model is proposed. By solving the coupled drift-diffusion model equations with spectral element time-domain (SETD) method, the distribution of electron quasi-Fermi potential, hole quasi-Fermi potential and the potential inside the MOSFET is obtained. The corresponding current densities and electric intensities distributed in the device can be used to couple the heat conduction equation. Furthermore, the Kirchhoff laws should be satisfied when the MOSFET device is inserted in the circuit. The Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the nonlinear circuit equations due to the existence of semiconductor devices. The transient electro-thermal characteristics of a common source amplifier circuit have been analyzed, and the numerical results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Index Terms ─ Amplifier, electro-thermal characteristics, MOSFET, SETD, transient simulation.


One hundred and four patients were treated by restorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir for ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis. Three different designs of reservoir were used (triple loop 68, double loop 13, quadruple loop 23). There were no postoperative deaths but six (5.8 per cent) had the reservoir removed. Rates for pelvic sepsis were 25, 15 and 13 per cent, and for intestinal obstruction requiring laparotomy 14.7,0 and 8.6 per cent. Function was assessed in 88 patients (58, 12 and 18) after mean intervals from closure of the ileostomy of 23.7, 12.7 and 4.5 months. Frequency of defaecation per 24 h was 3.7 ± 1.6, 5.5 ± 1.6 and 4.1 ± 1.3, being significantly greater for double loop reservoirs; night evacuation was more prevalent in the same group (26, 58 and 22 per cent). Significantly fewer patients with triple than with double loop reservoirs required antidiarrhoeal medication (19 and 58 per cent). Normal continence occurred in 67, 75 and 89 per cent of patients in the three groups. All patients with double or quadruple loop reservoirs defaecated spontaneously while only 41 per cent with triple loop reservoirs did so. Mean intra‐operative reservoir volumes were 177 ± 64, 172 ± 58 and 325 ± 37 ml and volumes after closure of the ileostomy were 416 ± 176, 197 ± 69 and 322 ± 33 ml respectively. Double loop reservoirs were significantly smaller than the other two designs after ileostomy closure. There was an inverse relationship between reservoir volumes and frequency. A quadruple loop reservoir directly connected to the anal sphincter preserved spontaneous evacuation and resulted in function similar to that obtained with the triple loop reservoir.


A twisted cocyle with values in a Lie group $G$ is a cocyle
that incorporates an automorphism of $G$.
Suppose that the underlying transformation is hyperbolic.
We prove that if two Holder continuous twisted cocycles with
a sufficiently high Holder exponent assign equal 'weights'
to the periodic orbits of $\phi$, then they are Holder
cohomologous. This generalises a well-known theorem
due to Livsic in the untwisted case. Having determined
conditions for there to be a solution to the twisted
cocycle equation, we consider how many other solution
there may be. When $G$ is a toius, we determine conditions
for there to be only finitely many solutions to the
twisted cocycle equation.


Mobile communication is one of the most ubiquitously used technologies in today's world, evolving towards its fifth generation (5G). Amidst increasing number of devices and traffic volume, one of the key focuses of 5G is to provide uniform service quality despite high mobility. In real world scenarios, user mobility is not random but rather direction oriented, based on its origin and destination. Further, several users exhibit repeated mobility patterns on daily basis (e.g., office goers, commuters in public transport etc.). Such mobility is termed as Diurnal mobility. Information of such diurnal mobility can assist in improving prediction accuracy of future user location (e.g., cells, routes). Knowledge of future user location will enable the designing of efficient resource management algorithms, aiming to make great service quality follow the user. In the presented work, information of diurnal mobility is used to enhance the accuracy of mobility prediction (next cell prediction as well as route prediction) in a realistic urban scenario. Further, using this context information about future routes and possible coverage holes in them, efficient resource allocation is done to sustain streaming/full buffer services, even in coverage holes. The simulation results show substantial improvements in user throughput as a result of context aware resource allocation, enabled by diurnal user mobility prediction.


Mineral_bound humic substances can modify the surfaces of minerals. The intensity of humic acid sorption on kaolinite, gibbsite and quartz is related to the nature and number of adsorption site of the minerals, the electricity and the specific surface. Calculated by the specific surface, the capability of minerals for humic acid sorption follows the sequence gibbsitekaolinitequartz; calculated by per unit mass of minerals, the sequence is kaolinite gibbsite quartz. It is thus considered that the mechanism of humic acid sorption on the minerals is affected significantly by pH value of the solution. Under the condition that pH values of the solution range from 4 to 7, the model for humic acid sorption on minerals can be described as follows: the hydrogen bonding is the main sorption form of quartz; the ligand exchange surface complexing is the main sorption form of gibbsite; and kaolinite is characterized by the existence of multiple sorption forms such as the hydrogen bonding, the ligand exchange surface complexing, the hydrophobic interaction and the cation bridging.


. This article discusses one of the ritual actions among Muslims, namely Shalat or Prayer. The meaning of Shalat based on Islamic law is some words and deeds that begin with takbir and end with greetings, Muslims worship Allah SWT or God of the Universe according to predetermined conditions. The meaning of movement and speech in Shalat needs to be researched to socialize the benefits of prayer so that the faith of Muslims is getting stronger and stronger. The method used in this research is semiotics, a scientific study that is oriented towards signs, signifier, and signified. The discussion on the object of study is carried out through the representation of the sign or representation in terms of the object (denotatum), namely the analysis of the performance of the prayer ritual by using the concepts of icons, indexes, and symbols in it. This study found the fact that spiritual rituals, Shalat is a kind of ritual where various types of worship activities are gathered both outwardlyandinwardly.Thecombinationofphysicalmovementswith tuam'ninah (slowly), poetic utterances that are sung softly and whispered in the heart with full tawajjuh (heartfelt supplication facing) to God has an impact on physical health, mental health, and spiritual health.


Complexes of high-spin manganese(III)(µeff= 4.79–5.30 at 298 K) with a closely related group of sexidentate Schiff-base ligands have been prepared and their solution properties thoroughly investigated. The brown to green crystalline complexes display ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transitions in the range 330–400 nm in addition to a crystal-field transition in the range 560–600 nm. The solution stereochemistry has been determined by paramagnetically shifted 1H NMR spectroscopy. Unlike the C3 symmetry in the solid-state structure, in solution the MnIIIN3O3 co-ordination sphere is severely distorted (≈C1 symmetry). Cyclic voltammetric studies in dimethylformamide solution reveal an irreversible MnIII–MnII couple [Epc in the range –0.62 to –0.05 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE)] and a quasi-reversible MnIV–MnIII couple (Ef in the range +0.42 to +0.86 V vs. SCE).


Plots were established in the study area on a 100 m grid prior to thinning. Diameter at breast height (DBH) of every stem and each plot's dominant height were measured. Plots were revisited post-thinning to identify the number and size of retained and removed stems (Figure 1). The harvesters studied were converted excavators with Waratah HTH616 harvesting heads (Figure 2). Harvesters thinned in one direction only. Forwarder performance was not studied in the trial as it was believed to be much less affected by thinning type. The harvester operators involved in the trial were experienced in conducting third-row and fifth-row thinning.


Adaptive optics (AO) is becoming increasingly important in improving system resolution in flood illuminated fundus cameras, confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopes (cSLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). For the latter two cases, AO also provides an increase in the throughput light levels. The flood and cSLO modalities have allowed for the routine, in-vivo visualization of individual cone photoreceptor cells and real time blood flow measurements of single leukocyte cells. Most recently, evidence of the rod mosaic has also been observed.
A key component in all of these systems is the deformable mirror (DM) that provides the correction of the high order aberrations. The majority of these systems to-date have utilized large, expensive DMs originally designed for astronomy.
This paper details ongoing work at Iris AO, Inc in which advanced fabrication techniques based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are being leveraged. This approach yields extremely compact DMs that offer higher performance and lower cost, coupled with the ability for batch fabrication.
The Iris AO design uses an array of individually addressable hexagonal segments than can each be moved in three orthogonal directions. Such a design allows for superior ocular wavefront fitting performance and very high stroke (>10 microns). Additionally, our DMs can be fabricated with diameters that are an order of magnitude smaller than conventional non-MEMS techniques.


When the International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established as a part of United Nations (UN) System, it aroused hopes for the futures. The developed world in general and developing world in particular expected that the IMF would come for rescue during crisis times. However hopes turned into disillusionment, when IMF offered its conditionalities along with monetary help and assistance. Soon after, critical studies regarding IMF Conditionalities and their impact upon the receiving states proliferated all around. Unfortunately, the global debate about IMF Conditionalities neglected the effect of such conditionalities upon the women and it is only recently that the issue has been taken up for research and study. Clearly, need for serious and scholarly works is there. Keeping in view, this paper focuses on the 62 IMF Conditionalities and Feminization of Poverty impact of IMF Conditionalities on women. It, however, also deals with a related issue: Do the countries have to accept such conditionalities which might affect the


Vacuum drying was applied to dry bleached shellac instead of normal temperature drying which has an outstanding disadvantage of low production efficiency dry. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-level, two-variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to evaluate the interactive effects of vacuum drying temperature and pressure on color index of bleached shellac and required drying time and two mathematical models were established for them as a function of vacuum drying temperature and pressure. The observed responses were in close agreement with the predicted values. This demonstrated the reliability of the two models in describing the vacuum drying of bleached shellac. The 8.48 h drying at 30 ℃ and 30 kPa resulted in a color index of bleached shellac of 1.0, and the bleached shellac product reached the first grade of the Chinese national standard; after drying at 50 ℃ and 30 kPa for 7.20 h, a product with a color index of 1.4 was obtained, which reached the second grade.


The system (11, 13) help in the evaluation and management of a hazard within a cherry picker (1) comprising a bottom part (3, 5) provided with connecting members to the ground, a platform ( 9), and a lifting structure (7) between the lower part (3, 5) and the platform (9) comprises a device (11) image pickup of the platform (9). The system includes a device (13) images of the display of the platform (9) taken by the device (11) for capturing images, provided near a control panel (15) fitted to the lower part (3, 5) of the lifting platform (1).


Consider the subband coder of figure 1, consisting of k = 0, 1, ..., M − 1 channels. Each channel has an analysis filter H k (z), a synthesis filter F k (z), down/up-sampling ratio m k , and a b k bit quantizer. The input is x[n], after passing through the analysis filters it becomes x k [n], and the subband signals are x k [n]. The subband coder is maximally decimated, M −1 k=0 m k = 1. (1) Assumption 1: Assume the input x[n] to be wide sense stationary (WSS) [1, page 806]. Assumption 2: Assume the input x[n] to be zero mean. It follows that all subsequent signals (including quantization noise) become zero mean. (This assumption does not cause any difficulty in applying subband coding to nonzero mean signals such as image, since that system is equivalent to a zero mean system obtained by subtracting the mean from the input.)


The Dutch textile and clothing sector is a small economic sector, in which companies are rationalising production and moving it abroad. New production processes have also been introduced. The sector is densely organised with regard to consultation and collective bargaining. The employer organisation Modint and the three unions FNV, CNV and MHP/De Unie conclude one single collective labour agreement, which is then extended to the whole sector. The social partners in the sector are affiliated to the three national union federations. The social partners at national, and at sectoral, level and the government cooperate to fight illegal work in illegal plants. The social partner organisations are selected here given their membership of the European social partner organisations and, in the case of MHP/De Unie, given their role in national collective bargaining.


Based on multisited fieldwork in Kigali, Rwanda, Belgium, and the Netherlands following the political crisis in Burundi in 2015, we explore decisions and plans for the future among Burundians in exile. In this way, we contribute to research about future making and social reproduction in families in a transnational social field affected by crisis. Adding to the literature, we show the specific effects of crisis on transnational families' practices and aspirations, such as parental efforts to prevent traumatic world views and the constant need for families to readjust their plans to ongoing crisis dynamics. We argue that as the violence has disrupted the migrant parents' hopes for a better future for themselves, they redirect their efforts towards their children's futures. We thus argue that not only future making practices but also aspirations should be seen as social and relational, particularly in times of crisis. In particular, the Burundians living in Rwanda, Belgium and the Netherlands seek to provide their offspring with the skills to become educated, social and moral beings, even it entails sacrificing their own lives and aspirations. Moreover, adding to debates on migrants' efforts to reproduce their own cultural values and practices in host societies, we find that the Burundian parents attempt to change what they perceive as a 'culture of hatred and vengeance' with parenting practices. As such, we argue that many migrant parents explicitly pursue social transformation through their children.


A new species of Platydoris Bergh, 1877 is described from the northwest coast of Western Australia. The new species Platydoris dierythros shares several characteristics with other species of Indo-Pacific Platydoris and clearly belongs to this genus. Those characters include a firm, flat body shape, the dorsum covered by small caryophyllidia, a wide mantle margin, a two-part prostate, a penis armed with hooks, a lobate accessory gland, a smooth labial cuticle and hamate radular teeth. Other characters that distinguish this as a new species include the absence of vaginal hooks, fimbriate outer lateral teeth and the accessory gland positioned on the side of the deferent duct. The new species also shares some external color similarities with other tropical Indo-Pacific Platydoris.


Advertising Advertising research Art, literature, theatre Audience research Communication theory Editorial methods Effect research Film and video Freedom of expression Freedom of information History Journalism research Labour conditions Legal proceedings Legislation Leisure and popular culture Libraries, bibliographies, documentation Magazines Management Mass behaviour Mass media as means of education Motivation and


The actual task is to research QoS (Quality of Service) instruments in order to improve existing and develop new methods. This paper presents the modified method of double QoS, which differs from standard one by application of multi-level traffic analysis by user groups, types of traffic and priorities. The efficiency of the proposed method is proved experimentally on routers with the Mikrotik operating system by means of local computer network simulation, based on virtual machines. The experiments were conducted with generated multitraffic with a uniform distribution for Packet Size and Internet Departure Time parameters. Compared results of router work with standard and modified methods. Using the proposed method allows reducing the number of dropped packets by simply configuring the router system tools and thus improving the quality of user service.


. The article studies the voltammetric behavior of 4-methoxyphenyl carboxymethyl diethyldithiocarbamate (MPCMDEDTC) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSOn the presence of background electrolytes with different acid-base properties in the anodic polarization region of a platinum microdisk electrode. MPCMDEDTC is oxidizied in 0.125 M LiClO 4 solution forming one clearly pronounced anode wave with E1 /2 = 0.85 V, while the wave height varies in proportion to the concentration of the depolarizer. A procedure has been developed of amperometric titration of mercury (II) with a standard MPCMDEDTC solution in DMSO using two indicator electrodes.


The classifications of euphemism are various.The existing classifications only focus on language iftself and have not paid attention to the purposes of the speaker.A new criterion of classification that bases on social function and pragmatic psychology is proposed.According to it,euphemism is classified into beneficial-to-addressee euphemism,beneficial-to-all euphemism and beneficial-to-addresser euphemism.A pragmatic analysis of the beneficial-to-addresser euphemism is given.As a result,the nature of euphemism can be better understood and the contention on whether euphemism is "cultured"or "hypocritical"can be settled.


The utility model provides a package box of a liquid crystal display panel, which comprises an accommodating body and a cover body, wherein an accommodating region is concavely arranged on the top surface of the accommodating body, more than one piece of isolation layer is integrally formed in the accommodating region, the isolation layer is vertical to the top surface and is connected with the two corresponding inner side walls of the accommodating region for isolating the accommodating region into at least two box layer spaces capable of vertically placing the liquid crystal display panel, and the cover body is covered on the top surface of the accommodating body and is used for sealing the accommodating region of the accommodating body. Thereby, the package body of the liquid display panel of the utility model can reach the goals of liquid crystal display panel deformation prevention and easy placement and taking.


A molecule of oxygen absorbing solar ultraviolet-C radiation is photo-dissociated into two atoms of oxygen that fly apart at high velocity, converting kinetic energy of oscillation of the molecular bond directly and completely into kinetic energy of linear motion of the oxygen atoms. This increases air temperature. Two oxygen atoms can then collide forming a new oxygen molecule that can then be dissociated again as long as sufficient ultraviolet-C radiation exists. This continual dissociation of oxygen molecules is the primary reason for the stratopause being 30-40 degrees warmer than the tropopause and for all ultraviolet-C radiation being absorbed before reaching the lower stratosphere. Furthermore, an oxygen molecule and an oxygen atom can collide to form a molecule of ozone, which is photo-dissociated by solar ultraviolet-B radiation. Normally, 97-99 percent of ultraviolet-B radiation is absorbed in the ozone layer, warming the lower stratosphere. By 1970, however, humans manufacturing chlorofluorocarbon gases caused up to 70% depletion of ozone, cooling the ozone layer and allowing more ultraviolet-B to reach Earth where it photo-dissociates ground-level ozone pollution, raising air temperatures, especially in the most polluted areas. Ultraviolet-B also penetrates oceans tens of meters, efficiently raising ocean heat content. Earth's surface warmed 0.6°C from 1970 to 1998 with warming twice as great in the northern hemisphere containing 90% of global population. In 2014, Barðarbunga volcano in central Iceland extruded 85 km2 of basaltic lavas in six months, depleting the ozone layer and warming Earth another 0.3°C by 2016. Throughout Earth history, basaltic lava flows covering areas of up to millions of square kilometers are contemporaneous with sudden global warming—the larger the lava flow, the greater the warming. Large explosive volcanic eruptions, on the other hand, typically form aerosols in the lower stratosphere that spread throughout the world, reflecting and scattering sunlight, cooling Earth approximately 0.5°C for two to four years. Computer modelling shows the effects of this global cooling can still be observed in ocean temperatures a century later. Several large explosive volcanic eruptions per century, continuing for millennia, cool oceans incrementally down into ice-age conditions. Detailed measurements of air temperatures in ice cores at Summit Greenland over the past 122,000 years show that the footprints of climate change are sudden warming within years, followed by slow, incremental cooling over millennia, in highly erratic sequences averaging only a few thousand years in length. Ozone depletion and aerosols are particularly effective because they occur worldwide.


There is a remarkable amount of interest in locating old graves. Either for archaeological/restoration purposes or in aiding property development. Usually there is minimal information available about the location of grave plots so geophysical methods by their non-destructive nature are an important tool in locating graves. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is the method of choice as it is rapid and generally provides good information both in the vertical and lateral extent. GPR surveys in the East Perth (WA) area and at Greenough (near Geraldton, WA) conducted by ourselves were able to detect many ``lost' grave sites.


Luminescent studies of Li 2 B 4 O 7 single crystals, grown from a stoichiometric melt and from a melt with B 2 O 3 excess, arc performed, for the Li 2 B 4 0 7 single crystals, grown from the melt with B 2 O 3 excess, the thermostimulated luminescence (TSL) intensity is shown to be almost by two orders of magnitude higher, and the temperature positions of the maxima are in a good agreement with the similar results for poiycrystals with B 2 O 3 , excess. An assumption on the physical and chemical nature of the defects, responsible for the TSL, is made.


[Objective]To better understand the functions of High Mobility Group B (HMGB) proteins in the transcriptional regulation of plant stress responses.[Method]We cloned the At2G33450 gene encoding At2G34450 protein in Arabidopsis thaliana.Binary vectors carrying the above gene were transformed into Arabidopsis to detect the influences of environmental stimuli to transgenic Arabidopsis.[Result] Under salt or drought stress the transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressed At2G33450 displayed retarded germination and subsequent growth compared with wild-type plants.[Conclusion]Our results provide a novel basis for understanding the biological functions of HMGB protein family members that differently affect germination and seedling growth of Arabidopsis plants under various stress conditions.


The ring-opening polymerization of #epsilon#-caprolactone(CL) with lanthanum tris(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate)[La(OAr)_(3)] as the initiator was reported in this work. Orthogonal experimental design was used to find the optimal conditions of the polymerization. The optimal conditions of the two orthogonal experimental designs were found to be: t=20 ℃, t=50 min, c(CL)=0.6 mol/L, n(CL)∶n(La)=1 000 and t=30 ℃, t=30 min, c(CL)=0.7 mol/L, n(CL)∶n(La)=1 000, respectively. The crystallinity of PCL was above 50% measured by means of DSC, the melt temperature increased with the increase of the molecular weight, while the melt enthalpy(#DETAL#H_(m)) and crystallinity decreased with the increase of the molecular weight.


The article discussed and compared a few common discriminate criteria used for sample categorizing in Fisher discriminate analysis.The study showed that the result of using Mahalanobis distance criteria is better than using critical value criteria in Fisher discriminate analysis.Even if using the improved critical value criteria,the result does not improved.A new Mahalanobis distance critical is shown.


The mean score of nurses' occupational stress level was 3.22, and the highest was 'night shift' among the 7 subcategories, and fatigue level was 62.0, and the highest was physical fatigue in configuration field. In logistic regression analyses, 'heavy workload' and 'inadequate physical environment ' led to most occupational stress.


The polymerization of aniline with oxidant (K S O ) catalyzed by Maghnite-H in chloroform (CDCl ) 22 8 3 + as solvant at 0°C was investigated. The effects of the amounts of Mag-H , agent oxidant, water and temperature + on the polymerization of aniline were studied. The polymerization yield increased as the proportions of catalyst and oxidant were increased in temperature range T = 0°C at T = 5°C. The reactions were monitored by gel permeation chromatography, H-NMR spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. 1


David Milne is a skilled historian of U.S. foreign relations who combines wide command of the academic literature with an enviably limpid style. His last book America's Rasputin: Walt Rostow and the Vietnam War (2008) was an exemplary study of its kind: well-researched and richly contextual, it used Rostow as a prism for understanding the use and abuse of the social sciences in the era of the Vietnam War. Among the recent outpouring of books on the Cold War social sciences Milne's study was distinguished by its vividness and the way his protagonist appeared as a fully embodied character. Rostow was a wisely chosen figure for examining the influence of academic ideas—in Rostow's case, a radically simplified understanding of 'modernization'—as they were translated into policy and atrocity in the 1960s. InWorldmaking, Milne's goal is grander. He aims to provide 'a fresh perspective on America's foreign relations' by avoiding 'the significance of compartmentalized epochs like the "Cold War" or the "Reagan administration."' The means for providing this new perspective are surprisingly conventional: nine chapters, each devoted to a figure whom Milne assures us is an original and influential thinker about U.S. foreign policy. The gallery runs the gamut from relatively neglected scholar-intellectuals such as Charles Beard to heads of state such as Woodrow Wilson and Barack Obama. The selection, Milne argues, is based on two principles. First, Milne wishes to focus on figures whose ideas have transcended conventional periodizations ('Wilson's ideational legacy—Wilsonianism—is more significant than his presidency'). Second, Milne's selection is meant to show us how two different types of intellectual approach translate into influence and policy. The approaches contrasted are between those who view foreign policy as an 'art,' and those who view it as a 'science.' The artists—or craftsmen—tend to be pragmatic. They are aware of the historical constraints with which they must work. The scientists are, in Milne's telling, closer to utopians. They are bent on making the world outside the U.S. conform to their abstractions, which are often little more than dressed-up, reckless desires. Throughout the course of Worldmaking, Milne gently sides with the artists. The book is also, in a rather understated way, an early historical attempt to vindicate the Obama administration. As a portraitist of American thinkers about foreign policy, Milne has few rivals. Designed to be read by academics and laymen,Worldmaking offers something to both, not least a series of crisply observed miniature biographies. Milne raises important questions about how diplomatic historians should go about correcting and tweaking the settled assumptions of the


Background: A sore throat is one of the common causes behind visits to the physician and antibiotic overtreatment in the world, especially in Iran. There are six ways of approaching pharyngitis patients. It is necessary to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis and find the best approach in all situations on group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis management to propose a pharyngitis guideline. Method: The decision tree of managing pharyngitis and its complications was drawn. The probability of every status and the branches of the tree were derived from the literature, and the cost of related diseases and complications were calculated based on the dossiers of the patients in two main pediatric central hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Further, cost-effectiveness, sensitivity, and threshold analyses were conducted to find out the best management strategy. Moreover, for a situation analysis of pharyngitis management in Iran, a questionnaire was designed and given to general practitioners and pediatricians; 130 subjects responded to it. The results were then analyzed. Results: The rapid test antigen (RTA) and culture strategy were proved to have the highest effect on the quality-adjusted life year. In addition, a less expensive strategy was solely observed to be the RTA. The worst effect gained (most quality-adjusted lost days) was, however, from the "treat none" strategy. Conclusion: According to our cost-effectiveness analysis, the best management of pharyngitis occurs in RTA alone, followed slightly by culture strategies; the "RTA then culture if needed" and "RTA and culture" approaches become possible options after them. The "treat all" and "treat none" approaches, however, were not proper strategies in any case.


Objective To analyze the EEG characteristics of children with abdomind epilepsy. Methods Examining 33 cases of children with abdominal epilepsy by Nihon Kohden 7314F type electroencephalograph. Results In 33 cases of children with abdominal epilepsy,the mainly abnormal waves were:(1) 7 cases of a single spine or spine-slow complex wave; (2) 10 cases of paroxysmal activity in the high volatility of θ; (3) 3 cases of paroxysmal activity in the high volatility of δ; (4) 3 cases of occipital,temporal side of the nature of the limitations of slow activity. There were 23 cases of EEG abnormalities,the abnormal rate was 69.6%. All patients were treated with antiepileptic drugs. Within 6 months to 2 years of observation and treatment,20 cases of abdominal pain attack were controlled completely,9 cases of seizure frequency decreased significantly,with improved cure rate of 87.8%. Conclusion EEG has important significance in diagnosis,differential diagnosis and prognosis of children with abdominal epilepsy.


In this study, six-membered N-acyliminium ions were generated by the "indirect cation pool" method and reacted with several nucleophiles. These reactions afforded disubstituted piperidine derivatives with high diastereoselectivities and good to excellent yields. The conformations of the obtained N-acyliminium ions were studied by low temperature NMR analyses and DFT calculations and were found to be consistent with the Steven's hypothesis.


Full-color display can be realized by using white OLEDs as the backlight through color filters.Herein,this paper reports a double luminescent layer white OLEDs with a structure of ITO/CuPc/NPB/ADN∶TBPE(15 nm)/Alq3∶DCJTB(15 nm)/Alq3(35 nm)/LiF/Al.It was found that the best performance can be obtained by optimizing the doping concentrations of blue and red dopants,and the thickness of the emitting layers.The present devices show advantages over three luminescent layers white OLEDs in terms of experimental reliability,colour purity.


In this review concerning the history of the Department of Biochemistry of Istanbul Medical Faculty of University of Istanbul, some information about Werner Lipschitz, Felix Haurowitz, Zdenko Stary, German directors of the Institute of Biological and Medical Chemistry (old name) who all were world-wide well-established authority in their own scientific area and contributed to the re-constitution and development of the Institute, Biochemical education and scientific researches performed in duration of their stay in Turkey and the academic staff who trained in this Department from beginning of the University Reform in 1933 up to now, have been presented.


The invention provides a patient support apparatus with a lifting device (1), wherein the lifting device (1) an upper part (3), a lower part (2) and the upper part (3) with the lower part (2) connecting lifting linkage having at least one, a having middle joint (10), scissors-like linkage element (9), wherein the pivot point (20) of the middle joint (10) is arranged to be moved, that the upper part (3) is tiltable in its transverse direction. A method for tilting of such patient positioning device is also specified. An advantage of the invention is that a tilting movement of the table top may be produced without additional modules between a lifting arrangement and a table top.


The wafer level non conductive film (WL-NCF) has been developed, which has dynamic temperature dependence of viscosity. The b-stage WL-NCF was laminated onto the wafer without void, which has 870 Au bumps of 15 mum height and 25 mum pitch. The wafer with the WL-NCF on the surface was cut into chips by standard dicing process. The chip which has the NCF on the surface was bonded onto the ITO wired glass substrate by a flip chip bonder and the electrical connection was confirmed.


An integrated circuit may include an SOI substrate having a buried insulating layer, and a semiconductor film above the buried insulating layer. The semiconductor film may have first patterns in a first zone defining gate regions of first MOS transistors and also first dummy gate regions. The first zone may include two domains having a space therebetween, and the space may be filled by at least one insulating material and be situated between two dummy gate regions above a region of the supporting substrate without any insulating trench.


The crystal structure of N-(2-benzoyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)-2-phenylacetamide indicates that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group with eight molecules in the unit cell. The heteroatoms from the amide group form a chain of intermolecular N-H ··· O hydrogen bonds propagating along the b axis. The carbonyl group from the benzoyl substituent participates in short contacts with two H-atoms from the ethyl or phenyl groups.


A type-II superconductor survives in an external magnetic field by admitting an Abrikosov lattice of quantized vortices. This is an imprint of the Aharonov-Bohm effect created by the Abelian U(1) gauge field. The simplest non-Abelian analogue of such a gauge field, which belongs to the SU(2) symmetry group, can be found in topological insulators. Here we discover a superconducting ground state with a lattice of SU(2) vortices in a simple two-dimensional model that presents an SU(2) "magnetic" field (invariant under time-reversal) to attractively interacting fermions. The model directly captures the correlated topological insulator quantum well, and approximates one channel for instabilities on the Kondo topological insulator surface. Due to its simplicity, the model might become amenable to cold atom simulations in the foreseeable future. The vitality of low-energy vortex states born out of SU(2) "magnetic" fields is promising for the creation of incompressible vortex liquids with non-Abelian fractional excitations.


Bone under repetitive stress can lead to 'stress' fractures. Stress fractures in elderly people are an important issue due to the growing number of elderly in society and their activeness in that age. Fatigue tests on 23 female bone samples from three individuals were analyzed. Hypertabastic survival models are a parametric method for survival analysis and life testing. A hypertabastic survival probability function of the normalized stress level and age was developed using a previously published bone fatigue stress data (Cotton, et al., J Biomechanics 2003). The AIC measure was used to compare the fitness of hypertabastic, Weibull, and log-logistic models. Based on this measure for model selection, hypertabastic models were selected. A hypertabastic hazard function of normalized stress level and age was also derived. Furthermore, hypertabastic proportional hazard models were used to analyze the tensile fatigue and cycle-to-fatigue of cortical bone.


1 PG Resident, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Govt medical College Kota, Rajasthan, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Govt medical College Kota, Rajasthan, India 3 Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Govt Medical College Kota, Rajasthan, India 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Govt Medical College Kota, Rajasthan, India Corresponding Author Dr Mamta Sharma Professor, Department of Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, J K Lon Hospital, Govt Medical College Kota Rajasthan India Address – Type III/10, Medical College Campus, Govt Medical College Kota Rajasthan Pin Code 324005 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com, Mobile num. 9414570937 Abstract Background: Anemia is one of the most commonly encountered medical disorders in pregnancy & Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia in pregnancy. Aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of Iron Sucrose and Iron Sorbitol Citric Acid & to assess the safety and tolerability of these drugs in pregnant women with moderate anemia. Methods: In this study, 100 antenatal cases of gestational age 14-32 weeks with hemoglobin 7-9 gm/dl were randomly divided into two groups of 50 each, which received a fixed dose of IV Iron Sucrose (Group A) & IM Iron Sorbitol Citric Acid therapy (Group B). The efficacy of the therapy was assessed by laboratory parameters such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC and serum ferritin level after 14 and 28 days. To assess the safety, adverse drug reactions with both the therapies were recorded. Results: Pretreatment hemoglobin was 7.6±0.35 gm/dl & 7.6±0.31 gm/dl in Group A & B respectively. Hemoglobin concentration increased significantly (P<0.001), increase in Hb after 4 weeks of starting therapy was 1.2 gm/dl & 0.5 gm/dl in Group A & Group B respectively. Rise in other parameters (MCV, Ferritin etc) although were minimal but more in IV Group & statistically significant (p<0.05). Adverse events were more common with Iron Sorbitol Citric Acid therapy. Conclusion: Intravenous therapy appears to be safer, faster, effective & more convenient than Intramuscular therapy in treatment of Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.


A 14‐year‐old boy with psittacosis who developed skin lesions consistent with erythema marginatum is reported. This association has not been described previously.


Geothermal development in Indonesia still dominated in volcanic geothermal system which is used as indirect use utilization (electricity), whereas about 70% of 357 geothermal location in Indonesian associate with non-volcanic geothermal system. Lack of subsurface information such as well data and reservoir temperature as well as low economic value that cause geothermal utilization in non-volcanic systems are less develop. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide the information of geothermal fluid characteristic such as type, origin, and fluid temperature in Kalimantan, especially in East Kutai Basin and also the recommendation of its utilization.

There are five hot spring manifestations with a temperature of 42 to 55°C, neutral pH, bicarbonate type, and located in the immature water zone. This fluid characteristics correlate with the lithology of the area which is dominated by sedimentary rocks. The results of the O18 and D isotopes indicate that the source of the geothermal fluid comes from meteoric water. Meteoric water flows to subsurface and heated by hot rock from geopressured process, which then forms reservoir fluid. This old hydrothermal system has reservoir temperature is about 70 to 170oC with the formation of its geothermal system is affected by the sedimentary environment.

The geothermal system in the Kutai Basin has a reservoir with medium-low temperatures, therefore its utilization is more suitable for direct utilization. Recommendation of geothermal direct use such as aquaculture, agro industry, tourism, and balneoteraphy can be applied on all geothermal system in Kutai Basin. Santan Tengah, Samboja and Tamapole-Dondang are possible for balneoteraphy to heal bone-ache due to high bicarbonate concentration (>500 ppm). There also an opportunity to develop indirect use for electricity by using binary cycle technology in Tamapole-Dondang (170° C) and Samboja (150° C).


The invention relates to a generalization flight parameter recording system, which comprises a flight parameter gatherer 1, a flight parameter recorder 2, a cache recorder 3, a cockpit voice sensor 4, a download socket 5, an identification cable 6, a standard signal source 7, a new signal source 8, an internal conversation signal 9 and ground support equipment 10. According to the invention, maintenance efficiency and attendance guarantee rate are increased, the flight parameter ground equipment is uniform, and management is convenient. The operation of software is simple, interface is friendly and easy to grasp, and user usage is convenient. The generalization flight parameter recording system is adapted to requirement of future latent clients, and can avoid the cost of novel product development, and airplane refit cost can be reduced.


This study aims to know the reduction of fetus weight and length of the mice parent which is exposed by the carbofuran during embryonal period. Treatment started between the 6th to 15th days of gestation which was started when it seems the vagina plug. There are three treatment groups that composed of 21 pregnant mices which were obtained from the mating of 21 nulliparous female mices of 10 weeks old, with 21 male mices of 12 weeks old, which were previously performed the estrous cycle synchronization using PMSG and HCG hormone in nulliparous female mice. It has been treated of carbofuran gavagely with control doses, 0,0417, and 0,0208 mg/kg body weight of mices. Pregnant mices were anaesthetized and carried the weight and length measurements of fetus mices at day 17th. The analysis was done through the Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) which was followed by multiple comparison tests (Duncan's test). The results showed that the dose group which was treated with carbofuran 0,0417 mg/kg (P1) and 0,0208 mg/kg (P2) provides a real significant difference to the control treatment (P0) (p <0.05), however, between the group which was treated with doses of carbofuran 0,0417 mg/kg (P1) with 0,0208 mg/kg (P2) provides no real significant difference. In conclution, it was caused by increase of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased levels of kholinesterase (ChE).


Adders are fundamental arithmetic blocks that are used in different computational systems.
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata nanotechnology functions by repulsion of electrons. It is a non-conventional
circuit design paradigm. Reliability is a critical phenomenon in QCA, since circuits are too small. In this work, a
reliable adder with better speed is proposed. The proposed adder generates Carry with 25% lesser clock phases,
8% lesser area and fewer cells compared to the existing reliable adder. A cost-efficient Ripple Carry Adder
(RCA) is realized using the proposed adder. The proposed RCA is 12.5% more cost efficient and fault tolerant
compared to other designs. Verification is done in QCADesigner


A manufacturing method of a transparent gas-blocking film using plasma surface treatment and the transparent gas-blocking film manufactured thereby are provided to prevent an inter-layer peeling phenomenon by a simple and economical process under a high-degree vacuum state. A manufacturing method of a transparent gas-blocking film using plasma surface treatment comprises the following steps of: applying an organic/inorganic hybrid solution on the surface of the transparent plastic film; forming the organic/inorganic hybrid layer; processing the surface of the organic/inorganic hybrid layer with plasma of reactive gas; and forming an inorganic layer having slope composition interface structure. The organic/inorganic hybrid solution is manufactured by sol/gel hydrolysis reaction.


The research presented was drawn from my concern about the format of qualification of Community Health Agents ( ACS ) , which is simplified and streamlined , restricted to the period I served as ACS , the training offered at the very fragmented drive health or the environment of the local community where he worked. This aims to analyze how the Technical Course Community Health Agent ( CTACS ) offered by the Polytechnic School of Health Joaquim Venancio ( EPSJV / FIOCRUZ ) may contribute to the formation and work of the ACS . And still trying to understand if the proposed training has proximity to the everyday practice of the ACS and in what sense articulates content developed and popular community know . The survey was developed from a rescue literature using the databases of Public Health , SciELO and LILACS , and scientific articles that addressed the process of training of Community Health Agents Concurrently , we conducted an analysis of documents ( Ministry sources health , Polytechnic School of health Joaquim Venancio / Fiocruz , in addition to laws , decrees and orders of the health , Education training) , were analyzed to assess the documents CTACS EPSJV aiming to contribute to the analysis and reflection about the goals of course and their critical contribution to the formation of the ACS . Considering the analysis of the documents of the course was possible to notice that the proposed curriculum CTACS EPSJV seeks to contribute to the training of these workers , by conducting a complete technical training experience , made from the principles of polytechnic and taking work as an educational principle . Nevertheless, it still has many challenges after this critical training , since most ACS report a lack of recognition as an occupational category by the team to which they belong , what makes it impossible to put into practice the knowledge acquired during the course.


The aim of this research is to analyze territorial capital as a new paradigm to make best use of endogenous assets. The study is dealing with the preconditions, meaning and possible theoretical taxonomies of territorial capital. In this study I emphasize that the cumulative effects of regional potentials are more important than economies of scale and location factors. I present different approaches and interpretations of territorial capital, then make an attempt to create an own model. I try to find answers for questions, such as why territorial capital shows a new perspective of urban and regional development; how cognitive elements of territorial capital provide increasing return; how territorial capital influences competitiveness and what kind of relation it has with cohesion.


Development has become the global 'civil religion', since the past 40 yearsand a battle cry for all nations rich or poor, strong or weak. It is a long and complex evolutionary process-more a process of social change rather than merely generation and accumulation of material resources. Scholars have proposed various theories and models while development agencies set various goals for the development of nations and some of the theories have failed to yield results and new theories that emerged have tried to offer solutions to speed up development. The positive role of development has been recognized in third world countries because information dissemination plays a key role in bringing a social change among the receivers. Researchers have accorded priority to diffusion of information to the receiver through interpersonal and mass communication channels. The paper aims to provide an insight into continuous role of media in the process of development and the challenges faced by the contemporary media therein.


Recently, the development project is conducting disaster effect estimation to breed disaster, and cope these disaster beforehand provoking soil erosion and flood. Therefore, it is important to analyze and reduce of these disaster. In this study, it is intended to extract LS and C factors of soil erosion through the digital image. The photogrammetric technique, which employs the Remote Control Helicopter equipped with a non-metric digital camera, was used for the efficient survey and analysis of cutting slopes. As a result, we obtain more objective value of soil erosion factor using digital image.


The evolution of an inquiry. In George D. Spindler, ed., The Making of Psychological Anthropology. Berkeley: University of California Press. CRAPANZANO, V. and GARRISON, V., eds. 1977. Case Studies in Spirit Possession. New York: Wiley. OESTERREICH, T. 1930. Possession, Demoniacal and Other. London: Kegan Paul. YAP, P. M. 1960. The possession syndrome: A comparison of Hong Kong and French findings. Journal of Mental Science 106:114-37.


Research on the education received by children and adolescents from Migrant Rural Working Families has focused on the school population, despite the fact that eight out of ten do not attend school. For this reason, very little is known about the condition of educational lagging of migrants in entities where there are no schools for this population, such as the State of Mexico, where the present investigation was conducted. The study sought to identify the main factors that made possible or impeded the access and permanence of migrants to the Mexican educational system. Through semi-structured interviews, life stories were recovered to recognize the migratory, work and school itineraries of Migrant Agricultural Workers, Children, and Adolescents. Among the findings, common patterns were identified on five groups that share different school itineraries: 1) those who did not access the educational system, 2) those who completed some primary education but did not complete it, 3) those who completed primary school, 4) those who entered secondary education, but did not finish and 5) a very small group that managed to complete basic education. These itineraries were related to migration and employment, to understand the way in which these aspects affect each other.


We propose a new method to investigate stress homogeneity along plate boundaries based on the cumulative misfit of individual fault plane solutions, calculated using assumed stress tensors. Using this method, some segments of faults can be defined, without the time-consuming inversions for stress directions from earthquake fault plane solutions. We assume that the misfits are relatively constant within segments of uniform stress orientation but that they change abruptly at boundaries of segments. This assumption is supported by the pattern of misfits observed for about 400 earthquakes located along the Aleutian subduction zone from 170°E to 145°W, which occurred between 1964 and 1993. The efficacy of the approach is confirmed by stress inversion analysis of moving windows. The cumulative misfit as a function of strike along the Aleutian arc shows there are five first-order boundaries where the stress directions change significantly. The first one is near 177.5°E, which corresponds to the northward projection of the Rat fracture zone. The second one falls on the Adak fracture zone. The third is near the locus where the Amlia fracture zone intersects the trench. The fourth lies on the easternmost end of the 1957 aftershock zone. The last is located where the two major asperities of the 1964 rupture are separated. The segmentation boundaries found in our analysis may be controlled by the fracture zones in the subducted plate. This observation may be interpreted as due to decoupling within the underthrusting plate along the zones of weakness (the fracture zones) across which stress may not be transmitted fully. The boundaries defined by our method may also be related to the asperity and aftershock distributions of great earthquakes. The focal mechanism data in the segments defined as stress-homogeneous by our method are then used to invert for the principal stress orientations by employing the Focal Mechanism Stress Inversion (FMSI) computer programs of Gephart. We find that the stress directions within these segments are different from each other, where they can be defined well, and the average misfits in these volumes are very small (2.8° and 5.5°). The method is not robust enough to detect all the stress segmentation boundaries based on only one reference stress tensor. Analyses with different reference stress models help to define most or all the stress segmentation boundaries.


A Ru(0)-catalyzed direct C-H arylation and alkenylation of furfural imines with arylor alkenyl-boronates, in the presence of benzylideneacetone as a sacrificial hydride acceptor, is disclosed. This reaction provides access, after hydrolysis, to C3-arylated or vinylated furfural derivatives, and thus valorizes these relevant building-blocks obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. This approach, involving C-H activation by a Ru(0)/Ru(II), cycle offers several advantages, notably simple, mild and neutral reaction conditions.


With the development of Internet, electronic commerce develops rapidly and grows strong. Today, it is very important for consumers to buy products by online shopping. Particularly, more and more consumers do shopping by mobile. However, the many researches indicate consumers often access the websites for shopping, and they give up their purchase viewpoint in the end. What factors influence consumer's willingness to buy? To solve the problem, a novel and efficient algorithm is presented in this paper. The algorithm is excellent in modeling dynamic architecture by neural networks. In addition, a data mining algorithm which extracts relational rules from data records is proposed too. Genetic algorithm is used in this mining algorithm. Most of traditionary neural network architectures are arbitrary. Before train of neural network, firstly, the algorithm fixes the number for hidden layer and node. However, in this new algorithm, the numbers are dynamically produced. Moreover, the paper presented a novel genetic algorithm whose computation is simple. The optimal values of chromosome (input attributes), xm, is found by use of the genetic algorithm. The achieved results confirm the presented algorithms are efficient and novel.


The Health Education Authority (Biddle et al., 1998) has published primary and secondary guidelines for physical activity in young people. The primary guideline recommends an hour of physical activity each day. The secondary guideline recommends that young people engage in exercise that promotes muscular strength, flexibility and bone health twice weekly. Young people can meet the secondary guideline by participating in resistance exercise. The British Association of Exercise and Sport Sciences (BASES) identified the need for a series of evidence-based guidelines for resistance exercise for the range of professionals and volunteers working with British children and youth. There have been previous consensus documents on the topic of resistance exercise and young people (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1990, 2000; Blimkie, 1995). The BASES guidelines aim to encapsulate educational, psycho-sociological and developmental, as well as physiological and medical, perspectives. In 1999, BASES convened a group of experts to consider the scientific literature and expert opinion before producing 'Guidelines for Resistance Exercise in Young People'. The expert group consisted of orthopaedic clinicians, physical educators, sociologists, exercise physiologists, psychologists and biomechanists. In addition, individuals and groups from local authorities, disability and special needs, the commercial sector and public health were consulted and subsequently reviewed the guidelines. These guidelines provide a summary of this work. The aims of the group were as follows: 'To provide sound practical advice based on research evidence and expert consensus on safe and effective resistance exercise for young people'.


In 1980 Venezuela took concrete steps to regularize the undocumented migrant population. While the number responding to the amnesty was small relative to expectations, the majority of illegals appe...


Even though adhesion is the most important factor that determines the velocity limit and braking performance of train, there is no standard and no test result for adhesion test in Korea. So we tried to perform the adhesion test for the small-scale wheel and rail rig using High Speed Wheel-Rail Contact Simulator in KRRI. The absence of standard made us perform the test in various ways and check the appropriateness of the test methods. So performed was the test of the small-scale specimen under the dry/wet conditions, or under the condition of varying rotation speed, and the comparison of results with other references.


The aim of this study was to determine if there are any differences between the types of pregnancy loss experienced by women who have been prescribed a statin just before or early in pregnancy compared with those who have not.


The utility model provides a non-independent driving power source type light-emitting diode (LED) bulb lamp and relates to an LED lighting device. The non-independent driving power source type LED bulb lamp comprises a wire fixing nail (11), a lamp socket metal casing center (10), a lamp socket metal casing (9), a connecting part (7), a radiator (4) and a lamp shade (1) which are all arranged from bottom to top. A ceramic substrate (3) and a connecting sleeve (6) fixed by screws (14 and 15) are arranged in the radiator (4). An electronic device (16), a center wire passing hole (17), an edge wire passing hole (18), a wire passing hole (19), a welding position (20), a rectifying bridge (23), a PPTC (namely a resettable fuse) (24) and a lamp bead (2) are arranged on the ceramic substrate (3). A connecting part (7) and a connecting part gap (8) are arranged on the connecting sleeve (6), radiating fins (5) are arranged on the outer surface of the radiator (4), the upper end of the radiator (4) is a large section (21), and the lower end of the radiator (4) is a small section (22). The non-independent power source type LED bulb lamp improves production efficiency and has low cost. Every part of a device is produced in an assembling mode so that the corresponding member can be replaced when a certain member is damaged. In addition, the non-independent driving power source type LED bulb lamp is simple in structure, convenient to install, attractive in appearance and high in cost performance.


We describe a new version of Model Reference Adaptive Search algorithm which uses a sampling importance resampling phase. This method has in background a sequence of reference distributions introduced mainly for theoretical purposes - at each step is considered the closest distribution to the corresponding reference distribution. Our main contribution is to resample using this references, i.e., these distributions are involved in the calculus of the weights for the resampling stage. As an alternative, resampling with natural weights are also compared with the standard algorithm. These two techniques are tested on pricing bermudan options under three different models for stock price dynamics: the geometric Brownian, the normal jump diffusion, and a relatively new framework - an asymmetric double-exponentially jump diffusion model. Our algorithm performs almost twice as fast as the standard algorithm having same standard errors - this means that our method is a reliable and faster method. The accuracy of the results and the speed of the algorithm is enhanced by implementing a Gibbs sampler combined with a Metropolis Chain, hence avoiding the time costly accept-reject method for generating samples from a truncated multivariate normal distribution.


This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 187460, "The Study on Expandable-Tubulars Collapse Performance and the Development of Risk-Based Design-Collapse Strength," by X. Long, S.M. Roggeband, H. Pasaribu, and M. Jabs, Shell, and F.J. Klever, SPE, BetaTech Consulting, prepared for the 2017 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 9–11 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
 Solid expandable technology is helping the industry reach more challenging wells. The objective of this study is to investigate comprehensively the effects of the expansion process on the pipe mechanical properties and collapse performance and to develop a reliable risk-based collapse-strength design for the expandables.
 Introduction
 Expansion technology allows for tubulars to expand in situ, thus maintaining downhole size. It has been used successfully for zonal isolation in depleted or trouble zones as a drilling liner. It was also found to be very useful for extended reach in brownfields without losing the tubular diameter for maximum production. Another application is to repair existing casing worn by drilling. Several expansion technologies have been developed since the first concept test was performed in 1993. Currently, an expansion system called top anchor and pull (TAAP) is being developed, and multiple liners have been installed in the Gulf of Mexico.
 The TAAP expansion system currently uses 50-ksi-grade expandable seamless tubulars. This material exhibits a large degree of work-hardening and, therefore, is suited for use in expandable tubulars. The collapse strength of tubulars, one of the major concerns during well design, is generally determined by the diameter-to-thickness (D/t) ratio as well as pipe material yield strength and geometric factors such as ovality, eccentricity, and residual stresses. Earlier studies have shown that the expansion process can affect the factors influencing tubular collapse performance significantly.
 One of the objectives of this study is to develop a better understanding of collapse-failure mechanisms of expanded tubulars.
 The other objective is to develop collapse-strength design formulas and methodologies for expanded tubulars with the same reliability level used currently, taking into account the additional aspects and uncertainties related to expandable tubulars.
 Expandable Tubular Collapse Mechanisms
 On the basis of a review of the literature, factors such as expanded pipe yield strength, stress/strain curve, geometry factors, and residual stresses, as well as their effects on pipe-collapse performance, have been investigated in the present study by both experimental measurements and numerical finite-element analysis (FEA).
 Residual Stresses. The split-ring and hole-drilling methods for pipe residual-stress determination produce approximate or average measurements that do not accurately represent residual-stress distribution through the pipe wall thickness. In this study, through-wall residual stresses in an expanded pipe were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD).


We consider a boundary value problem for first order nonconvex differential inclusion and we obtain some existence results by using the set-valued contraction principle.


The recent backlash against free trade is partially motivated by the decline in manufacturing employment due to rising import competition from China. Previous studies about the "China syndrome†neglect the role of trade policy. This is surprising, given that politicians in high-income countries have extensively used antidumping (AD) measures to protect their economies from rising Chinese imports. In this paper, I estimate the causal effect of trade protection on imports and employment, by constructing a new instrument for AD measures based on industries' importance in swing states and experience in filing AD petitions. I show that AD duties have reduced import competition, decreasing the annual growth rate of US imports from China by 0.40 percentage points on average. They have also helped contain the China syndrome, by increasing the annual growth rate of employment in protected industries by 0.07 percentage points. These results show that protectionist instruments allowed under GATT/WTO rules can be used to attenuate the effects of import competition on employment.


The aim of this paper is to analyze the computational requirements of video watermarking algorithms running on PC-based systems and to study their implication for the design of general-purpose processors and systems. Selected watermarking algorithms are analyzed from a computational point of view. Application examples are executed on current general-purpose processor architecture to understand the computational requirements and to detect potential bottlenecks. In addition to this workload analysis, the potential exploitation of data level parallelism through the use of SIMD instructions available on current architectures is evaluated. Thread level parallelism schemes is also studied in current watermarking in order to understand the potential benefit of simultaneous multithreading processors and symmetric multiprocessor systems for such applications. Even if the study of the different watermarking algorithms is crucial to understand the requirements of a system, it is not sufficient. Indeed, watermarking schemes are very often only one kernel in a complete application and the interaction between the watermarking kernel and the rest of the application can highly influence the computational and memory bandwidth requirements of the system. Therefore the example of watermarking detection in a video decoder is used to understand the additional system implications due to the merging of video decoding and watermarking algorithms.


Discloses a system and method for preventing the tampering of a programmable integrated circuit device. Typically, such a programmable FPGA device has two phases of operation: user mode configuration stage and stage. Programmable device to prevent tampering and / or reverse engineering, once the tamper estimation, during any of the stages can employ various techniques to abort the tamper-resistant device and / or wipe sensitive information stored on the device. One type of tampering involves many errors try bombarded device arranged to decrypt the encrypted data. By using viscous bad bits and error counter, the device can be configured to grasp the number of failed attempts has occurred, and when the estimated tampering, although the configuration of the device is still in the stage of operation, the operation can be started, the tamper resistant.


The evolving nature of complex traffic issues of IP (Internet Protocol)-based Telecollaboration (TC) business system technology requires an intuitive understanding for the participants not just to make sense of design issues involved but also to provide an insight of guaranteed run time performance. The aim of this study is to introduce new theoretical underpinnings for modeling of VoIP (Voice over IP) applications, which may have impact on conventional wisdom of TC in context of often contradictive aspects of user Quality of Experience (QoE). In this paper, we also focus on the performance evaluation and traffic control factors as they present an objective engineering challenge for development of analytic traffic models. Close attention is paid to performance issues such as packet loss probability, packet delay and jitter apart. This research paper concludes on highlighting the importance of mathematically formal dimensioning and evaluation of IP networks for an improved user perception of QoE and keeping a balance between traditional approaches and new theories of unconventional thinking in this emerging field.


Nursing graduates should be offered cash incentives to train as doctors, a new report from the Centre for Health Economics recommends.


The conceptual ideas of the mechanism of thinking based on the information approach are presented. The methods of development of intuition and a parallel style of thinking in the process of subject training of students on the basis of the method of system dynamics are offered. The problem field on the development of computer tools for the development of heuristic intuition is found out.


In this article, we present a study focused on developing students' understanding the ecology through participation in a technology-supported urban planning simulation—specifically, 11 high school students in Madison, Wisconsin acted as urban planners to redesign a local shopping street using a Geographic Information System (GIS) model. This experimental design was situated within the theory of pedagogical praxis, which suggests that modeling learning environments on authentic professional practices enables youth to develop a deeper understanding of important domains of inquiry (Shaffer, 2004). Results presented here suggest that through participation in the project students: a) developed an understanding of ecology; and b) developed this understanding through the urban planning practices and the features of the GIS model used during the project. Thus, we propose that this augmented by reality learning environment modeled on the professional practices of urban planners extends the theory of pedagogical praxis into the domain of ecology and offers a useful method for developing ecological understanding through participation in simulations that incorporate the authentic tools and practices of urban planning.


The role of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels in mineral metabolism before and after kidney transplantation in pediatric patients is poorly understood.


The  porous permeable materials were obtained out of the electro-cast  porcelain-bonding  corundum with the degree of dispersion 2‒3  and  0,5  mm.  The  ratios of the 2‒3  and 0,5 mm fractions in the aggregate were 0/95,  35/60, 40/55, 45/50, 50/45, and 95/0.  The samples were compacted at the pressure 25, 50, and 100 MPa and burned at 1350  and 1450 °C.  The  sintered  samples had  ultimate bending strength from 1,9  to 15,3  MPa,  the open  porosity from 17 to 26 %, the gas  permeability factor for the uniform compositions 1,19 to 3,27 mcm 2 , those for the two-fraction ones  from 0,21 to 3,01  mcm 2 .  The produced porous permeable ceramics is very promising for the application in the way of filters and support films of ceramic membranes. Ill. 3. Ref. 10.


Traditional rough set-based methods cannot deal with incomplete information system with noisy data effectively.According to set pair analysis,(α,λ) connection degree tolerance relation is defined.This paper introduces the variable precision (α,λ) connection degree rough set model which combines the (α,λ) connection degree tolerance relation with the majority inclusion relation proposed by Ziarko.A heuristic attribute reduction algorithm based on the positive region similarity is given.Time complexity of the algorithm is analyzed.The experimental results show that the proposed method is more effective for incomplete information system with noisy data.


Aspergillus fumigatus is the commonest mold implicated in pathogenesis of allergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), condition almost exclusively seen in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis . Several immunological mechanisms have been implicated including immediate hypersensitivity (type I), antigen antibody complexes (type III) and inflammatory cell responses (type IV) according to the Gell and Coombs classification. One component of the involved complex pathogenetic mechanism is that antigens from inhaled conidia are processed and presented to T lymphocytes with activation of Th2 CD4+ T cells. The release of Th2 pathway cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) leads to IgE synthesis, mast cell degranulation and an eosinophilic response.


Aim The aim of this study is to identify the incidence of the presence of an Inverted Radial Reflex (IRR) in asymptomatic subjects with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and determine its significance. Methods Our study group consists of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis patients who presented consecutively in our institution from June to September 2010. They were either seen in outpatient clinics or as elective admissions prior to operative correction of their spinal deformity. The presence of an idiopathic scoliosis deformity and the absence of any abnormal neurological symptoms were our inclusion criteria. They were examined by two clinicians for the presence of IRR using a tendon hammer. As part of their management all such patients routinely undergo an MRI scan in our Trust to investigate for the presence of intraspinal pathology. When the IRR was present we looked at their MRI scans to identify any relevant abnormalities. Results: We identified 100 subjects. There were 72 females and 28 males with an average age of 15 years. The IRR was present in 12 cases and in 6 of them the sign was present bilaterally. There were no further associated signs or symptoms. All cases had recently undergone MRI of their whole spine and their investigations did not demonstrate any abnormalities in the lower cervical spine. Conclusion We have found an incidence of 12% for the presence of IRR in our study group. In all cases there were no abnormal cord signal changes in MRI scans and we can therefore conclude that in asymptomatic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis patients the presence of IRR is of no clinical significance.