Morus alba L. is a valuable multipurpose species and is widely distributed in central,northern and southwestern China. This species is one of the most economically important cultivated tree species in China and also provides basic raw materials supporting vigorous development of China's sericulture and textile industries. Most previous studies related to M. alba have primarily focused on cultivation techniques,pest control,quality improvement and development of resources. Previous studies have not yet provided data related to the photosynthetic capacity of this species or leaf growth patterns,and in particular,no studies have addressed the change of biomass in plants with a different number of branches. In this study, 3-year- old mulberry seedlings were transplanted from the garden of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences to investigate the effects of branch number on plant growth. Five branch number models were used; that is,one,two,three, four,or five branches were left on the stem of saplings for experimental purposes,and the saplings were allowed to grow for 6 months. We investigated differences in various gas exchange factors, including net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance,intercellular CO 2 concentration and transpiration rate for plants using the five branch models during the growing season. From the aspect of plant morphological growth,we measured the growth rates based on leaf number,branch length and basal diameter for the five branch models,once every ten days. After the growing season,we measured the differences of leaf biomass,above ground stem biomass and total biomass among plants used for the five branch model experiments. We also analyzed biomass allocation in M. alba with the different branch models. The results show that the single-branch saplings had the highest net photosynthetic rate( P n)( 8. 6 μmol·m–2·s-1). As the number of branches on a plant increased,the P n was observed to decrease significantly and remained relative stable( 4. 3 μmol·m-2·s-1) when the number of branches was three or more. In contrast,stomatal conductance( g s),intercellular CO 2 concentration,( C i) and transpiration rate( E) showed no significant changes in all M. alba saplings. Also,total leaf number( TLN),total leaf area( TLA),and total stem lengths( TSL) of saplings increased significantly as the number of branches increased to a maximum of 114. 3 leaves,10481. 1 cm2,and 457. 1 cm,respectively. However,the number of leaves per branch( LN/ B),basal diameter per branch( BD / B),mean surface area per leaf( LA / L) and specific leaf area( SLA) obviously decreased in multiple-branch saplings and to 22. 9 leaves,7. 57 mm,87. 3 cm2and 48. 91 cm2/ g,respectively. Moreover, branch number had no effect on the total dry biomass accumulation and allocation,but mean leaf dry mass per branch( LM / B),mean stem dry mass per branch( SM / B),and mean dry mass per branch( DM / B) gradually decreased with the increase in branch number,with values of 8. 61 g,9. 51 g and 18. 12 g,respectively. The results suggest that an increase in branch number may result in more intense competition for light resources between leaves,resulting in a lower net photosynthetic rate,smaller leaf area,and shorter stem length per branch as leaves compete for light and resources used to produce biomass. To eliminate the negative effects of such competition as much as possible,saplings can grow additional leaves as well as enlarge their total leaf area to make better use of limited light resources.


IN an article written for the :New Englander some years ago (Oct. 1872) the present writer discussed the meaning of 1 Pet. iii. 19,20, on strictly grammatical (as well as exegetical) principles. A reoent writer in the same periodical (Bev. W. W. Patton, D.D., Sept. 1882) has endeavored to invalidate those conclusions. As further examination has only confirmed the present writer's convictions, it is proposed still further to vindicate the position then taken, replying, so far as may be indispensable, to the criticisms and counter arguments as, perhaps, the most practical mode of meeting objections. The present disoussion, being prepared for the Bibliotheca Sacra at the request of the editor, labors under some disadvantages in appearing in a different periodical, and thereby disconnected from the former presentation and the rejoinder. A very brief recapitulation, with the aid of notes and references, may in part overcome the diffioulty. The first and main position taken was ( and is) this: the common translation of the phrase a'11'EtiJ~(1'a.al '11'OTE by the rendering which were lome time dilobediP.nt, can be shown to be not in accordance with established Greek usage tbis translation itself being equivalent to a wrong interpretation. The second position maintained was (and is) that the proper grammatical and natnral translation of this clause (together with the preceding words) is,. "he went and preached to the spirits in prison on their being once upon a time disobedient." (T. S. Green, Gram. New. Test. p. 55; Prof. J. H. Thayer, Smith's Dict. of the Bible, iv. p. 27t!6); or, "when once th~y disobeyed," (R. S. Green, Handbook New. Test. Gram. p. 215); or" when formerly they showed


The distributions of many Northern Hemisphere organisms have been influenced by fluctuations in sea level and climatic conditions during Pleistocene interglacial periods. These cycles are associated with range contraction and refugia for northern-distributed organisms as a response to glaciers. However, lower sea levels in the tropics and sub-tropics created available habitat for expansion of the ranges of freshwater organisms. The goal of this study was to use ecological niche modeling to test the hypothesis of north to south range expansion of Vieja maculicauda associated with Pleistocene glacial cycles. Understanding the biogeography of this widespread species may help us better understand the geology and interconnectivity of Central American freshwaters. Occurrence data for V . maculicauda was based on georeferencing of all museum records of specimens recovered from FishNet2. General patterns of phylogeographic structure were assessed with mtDNA. Present day niche models were generated and subsequently projected onto paleoclimatic maps of the region during the Last Interglacial, Last Glacial Maximum, and mid-Holocene. Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequence data showed no phylogeographic structure throughout the range of this widespread species. Present day niche models were congruent with the observed distribution of V . maculicauda in Central America. Results showed a lack of suitable freshwater . indicates the latter did not the of . Future work at with and modeling


In this paper, we construct a blow up example for one phase nonequilibrium problems and show that the nonexistence of global solutions for this kind of problems is possible.


LBA18000 Background: FM is a chloronitrosourea and it has shown a greater than 20% response-rate in a large phase II trial. In a previous study, we tested the combination of FM, DTIC and Interferon α (IFNα) and an overall response rate of 40%, and a MST of 40 weeks, were obtained. We designed and implemented a phase III multicentric trial with the following aims: 1) To determine whether significant differences in survival outcome exist in patients with advanced melanoma treated with DTIC + FM or DTIC alone; 2)To determine whether significant differences in median time to progression (TTP) exist in pts treated with IFN plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone. Secondary objectives included the evaluation of the time to occurrence of brain metastases.

METHODS
From July 2002 to December 2005, 184 pts with metastatic melanoma, not amenable to surgery were enrolled in this study. All eligible pts were randomised to receive one of the following treatments: A) FM 100 mg/sqm i.v. d 1 and DTIC 900 mg/sqm i.v d 2 ± IFN α2b recycled every 3 wks or B) DTIC alone ± IFN α2b recycled every 3 wks. IFN α2b was administered at the dose of 5MUI i.m. 3 times a week. An accrual of 270 pts was required.

RESULTS
A total of 661 courses were administered, with a median number of 4 courses/patient (range 1-12). After chemotherapy, in the all 133 evaluable pts 19 CRs and 24 PRs were observed for an overall response rate of 32%. Median survival time was 9.4 months and Median TTP was 2.7 months. The schedule was well tolerated, with the most frequent adverse events reported being nausea and vomiting (33%), alopecia (8%), fatigue (12%), all well controlled by supportive therapy. Haemotologic toxicities were mild to moderate. Side effects attributable to IFN α2b were also mild and manageable.

CONCLUSIONS
The study is in progress to complete the accrual, and it is too early to evaluate the activity of these regimens. The schedules were well tolerated with nausea and vomiting as the most frequent adverse events. Updated efficacy and toxicity data will be presented at the meeting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Frequently the distortions in an inductive circuit are analyzed and characterized by the ration between the amplitude of the superior harmonics of the induced signal and the amplitude of the first harmonic. More often the second and the third harmonics are considered. The paper tries to demonstrate to importance which must be done to the superior harmonic in order to characterize the response and magnetic properties of the soft ferrite core.


Cinchonine (C19H22N2O) is a natural compound of Cinchona bark. Although cinchonine's antiplatelet effect has been reported in the previous study, antiobesity effect of cinchonine has never been studied. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether cinchonine reduces high-fat-diet- (HFD-) induced adipogenesis and inflammation in the epididymal fat tissues of mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in these reductions. HFD-fed mice treated with 0.05% dietary cinchonine for 10 weeks had reduced body weight gain (−38%), visceral fat-pad weights (−26%), and plasma levels of triglyceride, free fatty acids, total cholesterol, and glucose compared with mice fed with the HFD. Moreover, cinchonine significantly reversed HFD-induced downregulations of WNT10b and galanin-mediated signaling molecules and key adipogenic genes in the epididymal adipose tissues of mice. Cinchonine also attenuated the HFD-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting toll-like-receptor-2- (TLR2-) and TLR4-mediated signaling cascades in the adipose tissue of mice. Our findings suggest that dietary cinchonine with its effects on adipogenesis and inflammation may have a potential benefit in preventing obesity.


There is tremendous hype around the Internet of Things, and particularly in the industrial realm (the industrial Internet of Things, IIoT), where many expect to find the biggest opportunity in the near term. The IIoT is also an important application in the fifth generation of wireless communications. In this paper, the channel propagations are investigated based on the realistic measurement data in an automobile factory. The path loss model is extracted using Least Square (LS) method, and the K factor is also parameterized. Meanwhile, the time delay (root mean squared delay) and the amount of multipath component (MPC)s are investigated and compared with typical propagation results. These results are beneficial and informative when designing wireless networks for IIoT.


Over the last decade, a renewed interest in the empirical analysis of contentious politics has led to significant improvements in the quality and quantity of data. The related wave of research has thus turned to analysis of the dynamics of contentious politics from a comparative perspective. Unfortunately, these studies use country level datasets for their analysis, creating a mismatch between the original actor-based theoretical framework and the empirical conceptualization of contentious collective action. We discuss the conceptual challenges this theoretical-empirical gap generates and highlight how contentious dynamics can be studied with a bottom-up sub-national approach. To do so, we present a new fine-grained dataset of contentious collective action in post-conflict Nepal (2007 to 2010). We descriptively show how this type of data can help us improve our understanding of repertoires of contentious politics. This paper highlights the relevance of gathering information on active organizations to study the inherent dynamics of contentious politics.


Significance: Diaryl phosphate was shown to form an adduct with the iodomethylzinc carbenoid [(PhO)2P(O)OCH2ZnI], which may serve as a powerful cyclopropanating reagent for alkenes. It is sufficiently stable for storage and practical to use. The design of a BINOL-based chiral auxiliary led to the compound that can be used in catalytic amounts, offering good yields and enantioselectivities in the cyclopropanation of some allyl ethers. Comment: The use of a diaryl phosphate moiety for the preparation of a zinc carbenoid allows the introduction of a chiral auxiliary, based on a BINOL derivative. Iodomethylzinc diphenyl phosphate itself is a solid, stable for some weeks at 4 oC and a powerful cyclopropanating agent, which is effective in almost equimolar amounts. Alkenes without proximal directing groups can be easily involved in the reaction. The zinc carbenoid, based on the chiral phosphoric acid 1 reacts with protected allylic ethers, leading to good yields and enantioselectivity. Homoallylic ethers are equally suitable, whereas bis(homo)allylic derivates led to poor conversion. In some cases, the catalyst can be used in catalytic amounts with still good selectivity. This approach to enantioselective cyclopropanation looks very promising, provided that new and more readily available auxiliaries will be found. R1


In today's modern systems on chip (SOCs), a crucial power management circuit is the low-dropout (LDO) regulator. Of course, the need for supply voltage regulation, goes back many years in the past since the circuits have been designed. Today, LDO based voltage regulators are frequently used in a number of mixed-signal systems to produce local supply voltages that feed different building blocks. LDOs try to isolate the noise of the circuit and noise from the global supply and try to reduce their effect on device performance. For the state of desired achievement, each LDO's architecture is circuited to the specific cell it feeds. An LDO designed to feed a flash analog-to-digital converter, for instance, differs greatly from one designed to input a VCO. In this paper, we direct an LDO for a VCO of 5-GHz LC and point the particulars of 1.2 V as input voltage, produces 1V as output voltage, 5 mA of maximum output current, power supply rejection greater than 40 dB up to 10 MHz and noise voltage present at output that is less than 25nV/√Hz at 1 MHz.


Element contents of tree rings and soils near tree roots collected from Deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don) and Masson pine (Picks massoniana lamb.) were determined to study the relationship between the angular distribution of element contents in tree rings and the environmental information. The chemical composition and properties of soils are very much complicated, which leads to the non-uniform distribution of the element contents in tree rings. The statistical multi-variable regression method was used to got the information of the tree-centered distribution of element contents in the environment (soil) (C'), C'(z, θj ), from the distribution of element contents in tree rings (C), C(Z, θi), which depends on the plane azimuth angle (θi), i. e., C=C(Z,θi), where Z is the atomic number of the element, with a satisfactory result,though this study is only a primary one.


While many wearable tactile displays for the fingers, such as fingertip-type and glove-type displays, have been developed, their weight and size typically hinder the free movement of fingers, especially when considering the multi-finger scenario. We propose a method of presenting the haptics sensation of the fingertip on the forearm, not on the fingertip, to address this issue. A five-bar linkage mechanism was adopted to present a two-degree-of-freedom force. We conducted two experiments. In the first experiment, we presented a pressure sensation and a horizontal friction sensation perceived by the index finger to multiple sites of the forearm to search for a proper location of presentation, finding that the volar part of the wrist is optimal. On the basis of this result, we developed a device for the index finger and thumb, and conducted a second experiment to present the grasping force in a virtual reality environment. The realism of the experience in virtual reality was better when using the designed device than for no haptics cue or for vibration conditions.


The relationship between women and stability, if any, is a topic of much debate and research. Several large and influential organizations have all researched women's effect on stability. Furthermore, several of these world organizations, the United Nations, in particular, have declared gender equality to be a driving force in promoting stability and conflict prevention. Due to the United States active involvement in conflict prevention in such regions as West Africa, research concerning the relationship between women and stability is of particular interest to the United States Africa Command. As such, this research applied Topological Data Analysis, combined with other machine learning algorithms, to Demographic and Health Survey Program data combined with Armed Conflict Location and Event Data so as to observe the relationship between women's status and armed conflicts in the West African region. While this team did not observe any direct correlation between women's well-being and stability defined as a lack of armed conflict events the chosen methodologies and data usage have potential implications for future research concerning stability and conflict.


1. Introductory remarks. The advances in the various branches of theoretical physics have often resulted in the creation of new mathematical disciplines: disciplines which, in their way, are as characteristic of the subjects as the physical phenomena they are devoted to. That several of the earlier Gibbs lectures should illustrate this point is not surprising since the example provided by the scientific writings of Gibbs is indeed the most striking in this connection. With your permission, I would like to illustrate the same thing this evening, on a more modest level, by considering the recent advances in theoretical astrophysics. More specifically, I should like to show how astrophysical studies relating to the transfer of radiation in stellar atmospheres have led to some characteristic developments in the theory of integrodifferential and functional equations.


The design of signal device in power plants and substations with PLC is introduced.It deals with the working principle and trapezium chart of the wrong sound signal and advanced sound signal system by the use of PLC instead of pulsatile relay to realize automatic recovery and repetitive work.


Endoperoxide-containing antimalarials, such as artemisinin and the synthetic trioxolane OZ439, are prodrugs activated by heme to generate primary and secondary carbon-centered radicals. We employed activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to show that the secondary-carbon-centered radical of 1,2,4-trioxolanes is primarily responsible for protein labeling in malaria parasites.


This research aims is to search a subtitute of the asbestos for the separator rontgen room using bamboo fiber filled with zeolite; which harden using epoxy it is all caused because the hazard of the asbestos to the human body. Bamboo stem degenerated using NaOH (20%) to get the bamboo fiber. Bamboo fiber added with CS2 (10 mL) to form xanthate cellulose. Xanthate Cellulose mixed with filler zeolite and harden of epoxy, layer by layer until getting the right width. The variant of the mass composition is 3: 0:1; 3: 0.25:0.75; 3 :0.5:0.5; 3: 0.75:0.25; 3: 1:0, and the variant of the temperature 28 °C; 40 °C; 60 °C; 80 °C; and 100 °C. The sample tested using microscopic method, impact test with Charpy method, corrosivity method, Electricity conduct method, thermal conduct method, and radiation resistance or attenuation method. The result shown the optimum composition of the composite it is at the variant 3 :0.5:0.5, with the optimum temperature is 40°C with the density of the sample is 1.5789 g/cm3. Impact resistance of the sample is 44 Joule. The Radiation resistance is 0.46, with the thermal conductivity of the sample is 0.016 Kkal/m.s.c. it shown that the sample is isolator. From the result is shown that the sample is can be a substitute for asbestos as material of the separator in the Rontgen room.


The concept of graph transformation units is a formal and as well intuitive means to model processes on graphs. Thereby the control condition of a transformation unit plays an important role. It provides so to say the intelligence of the unit by describing its desired behaviour. The thesis regards control conditions focusing on two aspects: expressivity and practicability. Considering expressivity it implements two kinds of control conditions, aslong-as-possible and parallel expressions. As their names imply these control conditions are able to express the as-long-as-possible iteration respectively parallel composition of already described behaviour. Focusing on practical executability the thesis introduces the concept of stepwise control conditions. Whereas conventional control conditions in principle describe desired behaviour their computation may take a long time, since first all possible derivations have to be computed and then are checked against the control condition. Stepwise control conditions allow to directly guide the derivation process and so may save computation time.


In order to examine the effect of different levels of linoleic acid supplementation, study was carried out to evaluate the performance of broiler chicken in response to linoleic acid supplement at the Poultry Experiment Station, Department of Poultry Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. 150 Broiler chicken birds were equally divided in to five groups; A, B, C, D and E where the linoleic acid was supplemented in feed at the rates of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 % in feed, respectively. The feed intake of broiler chicken fed with 0.2% linolenic acid supplemented ration was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of 0, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% addition of linolenic acid in ration. Significant (P<0.05) impact of different levels (0.8, 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2%) of linolenic acid supplementation was noted on weight gain, FCR, final weight, carcass yield and weight of giblets; liver, heart and gizzard of broiler chicken, except dressing percent which is not affected by the supplementation of linoleic acid with basal diet.


Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper and lower motor neurons; it's the commonest of the motor unit (MU) diseases in Europe and North America, characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical presentations [1, 2]. Striking asymmetry and selective involvement of individual groups of muscles, especially of hand and forearm, are typical early features of the disease. On average, delay from onset of symptoms to diagnosis is about 14 months and expected survival commonly ranges from months to a few years [3].


According to measuring experiments,neutron movement in polyethylene,BF3 detection principle,and 10B(n,α)7Li reaction in BF3,the paper gave restricted condition that the counting loss of BF3 detector could be neglected in measuring the pulse neutron yield. As a result,this way adapts to some pulse neutron yields measuring.


Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBH) show risks to the environment and also to aquatic organisms, such as �sh. The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of GBH exposure on Danio rerio embryos at drinking water concentrations. Zebra�sh embryos were exposed to 250, 500, and 1000 µg/L of Roundup Original DI® for 96 hours. Glyphosate concentration in water, parameters physicochemical water, mortality, hatching rate, heart rate, malformations, behavior, and biomarkers were evaluated. Our results showed that at 6 hours post-fertilization (hpf), the animals exposed to GBH 500 increased mortality as compared to the control. The hatching rate increased in all groups exposed at 48 hpf as compared to the control group. The embryos exposed did not present changes in the spontaneous movement and touch response. Exposed groups demonstrated a higher number of malformations in �sh embryos as compared to the control. Most malformations were: pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, body malformations, and curvature of the spine. In heart rate, we can see that bradycardia occurred in groups exposed, as predicted due to cardiac abnormalities. We recorded a signi�cant decrease in GST (GBH 250 and GBH 500) and AChE (GBH 250) activity. No differences were found between the groups in the concentration of protein, ACAP, TBARS, ROS, NPSH, and catalase. The damage in all evaluated stages of development was aggravated by the mortality and malformations. The large-scale use of GBHs, coupled with the permissiveness of its presence could be the cause damage to the aquatic environment affecting the embryonic development of non-target organisms.


The A5 region in ventrolateral pons (vl‐pons/A5) is thought to be an auxiliary substrate for the putative pneumotaxic center in the dorsolateral pons that modulates inspiratory‐expiratory phase switching (inspiratory off‐switch), post‐inspiratory activity (post‐I) and expiratory duration (TE). In urethane‐anesthetized, vagotomized and ventilated adult SD rats, we observed that blockade of GABAA receptors at vl‐pons/A5 by unilateral microinjection of bicuculline (BIC) caused prolongation of vagal post‐I motor activity and TE, an effect that was similar to that evoked by electrical or chemical stimulations in this region. Bilateral microinjections of BIC caused further protracted prolongation of TE or even sustained apnea with complete cessation of phrenic activity and prolongation of post‐I activity. Remarkably, the apnea so induced was reversed and rhythmic phrenic discharges gradually resumed upon subsequent blockade of excitatory glutamatergic receptors by bilateral microinjections of CNQX and AP‐5 at the same vl‐pons/A5 sites, or by the application of hypoxic or hypercapnic stimuli. These findings indicated that the vl‐pons/A5 plays an important role in promoting post‐I activity and inspiratory off‐switch subject to a delicate balance between GABAA receptor‐mediated inhibitory and glutamatergic receptor‐mediated excitatory modulations. (Supported by HL093225)


The new hybrid sampling approach called CLUS- CLUSter-based hybrid sampling approach is proposed in this paper to improve the performance of classifier for two-class imbalanced datasets. The objective of this research is to develop algorithm that can effectively classify two-class imbalanced datasets, which have complicated distributions and large overlap between classes. These problems can make the learners failed in classification. Therefore, the contribution of CLUS is to alleviate the large overlap between classes and to balance the class distribution. Firstly, all instances are partitioned into k clusters using k-mean algorithms. Next, CLUS created the new subset, which consists of the instances from different classes, which have different characteristics. Secondly, for each subset, oversampling method is applied. Finally, SVMs is used to classify each training set based on majority vote. CLUS is tested using eight imbalanced benchmark datasets and assessed over two metrics; F-measure and AUC. The experimental results show that CLUS outperforms other methods especially when the number of imbalanced ratio is high.


The article demonstrates on a case study how it is possible to identify MSD risk. It is based on a dissertation Risk identification model of occupational diseases formation in relation to the work activity that determines what risk can endanger workers who are exposed to the specific risk factors. It is evaluated based on statistical calculations. These risk factors are main cause of upperextremities musculoskeletal disorders. Keywords—Case study, upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders, ergonomics.


Reports on persistent vagal disturbances of the heart mechanism in apparently normal persons with the exception of sinus arrythmia and bradycardia are exceedingly rare. A survey of the literature revealed only 3 cases of such disturbance. 1 In a recent study of the electrocardiographic variations of the healthy heart, electrocardiograms and stethograms were made on more than 2,400 apparently normal high school students. The following case of physiologic heart block of vagal origin was the only instance of such a disturbance which was observed. It occurred in a Negro boy who except for this abnormality was clinically normal and entirely free of any sense of physical ill-being or of symptoms which could be related either directly or indirectly to a condition of heart block. Observations made in this case are reported, compared with those of Levy la and Marzahn lb and discussed in the light of electrocardiographic changes in the


Control of inner-enterprise self-assessment refers to the board of directors or any other decision-making institution acted as the evaluation subject,evaluating the design rationality and efficiency of its performance of the inner control system.The aim of the evaluation is to prevent and convert the risks of enterprises and realize its managerial goal.Based on the analysis of the control problems of inner-enterprise self-assessment,the essay raised some suggestions for the problems during the implementation process,hoping it can help our enterprises in implementing control self-assessment.


Aim: To determine specificity and sensitivity of OCT-A in detecting choroidal neovascular lesions (CNV) in eyes with suspected nAMD. Setting: Al Mashreq Eye Center, in the period between Jul-2021 to Nov-2021. Methods: A prospective, comparative study included 44 eyes to assess accuracy of OCT-A in the detection of nAMD compared to conventional OCT. Eyes were divided into a study group with nAMD, and a control group with dry AMD. OCT of the central macula was conducted, followed by OCT-A. Results: This study was performed on 25 patients with a mean age of 69.88 ± 8.31 years. The mean BCVA was 0.45 (± 0.31), and that of SE was 0.16 (± 1.52). IOP had a mean of 15.39 (± 3.08). According to SD-OCT criteria; 24 eyes (54.5%) were diagnosed as dry AMD, and 20 eyes (45.5%) with nAMD. Cases of nAMD were subdivided into type-1 (70%), and type-2 (30%). For eyes with type 1, 8 cases (57.1%) had an associated fibrovascular PED. Using OCT-A, 28 eyes were classified as dry AMD, and 16 eyes with nAMD that were differentiated into: Type-1 (6-cases), Type-1 with PED (5-cases) and Type-2 (5-cases). There was no statistically significant difference between OCT and OCT-A regarding percentage of positive cases (p=0.386), and their finding of type-1, type-1 with PED, and type-2 (p=1.000). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant relation in classification agreement between SD-OCT and OCT-A findings (p <0.001). OCT-A demonstrated a sensitivity of 70.0%, specificity of 91.7%, and accuracy of 81.8% in prediction of OCT results.


Sufficient conditions for the boundedness and square integrability of solutions and their derivatives of certain fourth order nonlin-ear differential equation are given by means of the Lyapunov's second method. Our results obtained in this work, generalize existing results on fourth order nonlinear differential equations in the literature. For illustration, an example is also given.


The Program of All‐inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) is a community‐based care model that delivers collaborative care via an interdisciplinary team to meet the medical and social needs of older adults eligible for nursing home placement. Fifty‐nine percent of PACE participants are reported to have at least one psychiatric disorder. PACE organizations (POs) function through an interdisciplinary model of care, but a behavioral health (BH) provider is not a mandated role on the interdisciplinary team. Published literature regarding how POs integrate and provide BH services is limited; however, the National PACE Association (NPA) and select POs have made significant contributions to behavioral health integration (BHI) efforts in PACE.


The arylsulphatase C of rat kidney and spleen is localized predominantly in the microsomal fraction. The distribution pattern is paralleled by that of oestrogen sulphatase, as in rat liver. The general usefulness of arylsulphatase C as a microsomal marker enzyme is indicated.


The present study on evaluation of the NREGA Scheme is intended to assess the impact of this scheme on the status of child care services at worksites of the NREGA, status of facilities available to women workforce, changes occurring in the lives of women after accessing this scheme, status of migration and availability of facilities at the work sites. The study is also aimed at assessing the opinion of job-card holders and also the role of Panchayats in the implementation of NREGA. The overall purpose of this study is to capture the impact of the scheme, views and feed-back of the beneficiaries on various facets of implementation of the scheme at grass root level right from the stage of issue of job cards.


The authors describe a 40 Gbit/s fully monolithic clock recovery integrated circuit (IC) fabricated using 0.1 /spl mu/m InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMTs. The IC utilises injection locking, and consists of a half bit delay, an exclusive OR gate and a T-type flip-flop. The IC extracts a half-rate clock signal from a 39.81312 Gbit/s 2/sup 31/-1 pseudo-random bit sequence signal without any other external components.


At present time, delivery room management of babies born through Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) often includes suctioning of the mouth and nose before the delivery of the shoulders. This addresses the concern that babies will inhale meconium present in the upper airway with their first breath putting them at risk of MAS. The rationale of routine perineal suctioning of all babies born through MSAF has recently been questioned. Likewise, tracheal suctioning of meconium in babies born through MSAF is an established intervention in many delivery rooms. However, disagreements exist concerning the value of perineal and routine endotracheal suction of the airway in the delivery room management of vigorous meconium-stained infants. Methods


[Objective] To understand the concentration levels of lead and cadmium in Various types of food in Wuzhou City,and provide evidence for food safety evaluation and development of targeted preventive measures. [Methods]According to the requirement for food safety risk monitoring,4 markets and 2 supermarkets were selected by using the method of random sampling.The sampling was conducted during June and July.The sample was tested in the laboratory immediately after collection or stored at 4~10 ℃ within 48 h.The lead was tested according to the criterion of GB/T5009.12-2003(Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry);and the cadmium test was based on the criterion of GB/T5009.15-2003(Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry).The result was evaluated according to the national criterion of GB2762-2005 "Limits of Contaminants in Food." [Results]Lead was detected in 94 samples from 174 samples and the detection rate was 54.02%.There was 8 samples unqualified.Unqualified rate was 4.60%.The unqualified food are 2 samples of freshwater fish,1 sample of pig kidney,2 preserved eggs,2 samples root vegetables,1 sample of leafy vegetable respectively.Unqualified rate was 13%,6%,13%,18%,7% respectively.Cadmium was detected in 104 samples from 174 samples.The detected rate was 59.77%.There was 1 sample unqualified which was milk with unqualified rate of 0.61%. [Conclusion]There are some lead and cadmium contamination in the food in Wuzhou City,which should be attract more attentions.


Since Lord Rutherford gave the first lecture in memory of Sir James Mackenzie Davidson in 1920 the list of lecturers who have followed him has included men of science and of medicine who may be counted among the intellectual giants of this century. A simple clinical gynaecologist like myself can hardly contribute significantly to such illustrious memory. There are two ways of looking at the extending horizons of sonar. One is to take account of the ever-increasing range of applications and the other depends upon the exploitation of fresh technical developments. It is important to recognize not only the scope of the technique but also its limitations. In a quantitative sense, the greatest clinical impact so far has been in the field of obstetrics and with pelvic masses provided in gynaecology. This is where we ourselves started about twenty years ago (Donald et al., 1958) but the subject now has diverse applications including all types of abdominal echography (Barnet and Morley, 1974), ultrasound cardiolog...


Multiphase production metering - Benefits from an Industrial Data Validation and Reconciliation approach Simon Manson, Mohamed Haouche, Pascal Cheneviere and Philippe Julien TOTAL Research Center-Qatar at QSTP - DOHA, Qatar Contact: email@example.com Context and objectives TOTAL E&P QATAR (TEPQ) is the Operator of AL-Khaleej offshore Oil field under Production Sharing Agreement (PSA) with Qatar Petroleum. AL-Khaleej field is characterised by a high water Cut (ratio of water over the liquid), which classifies the field as mature. Operating this field safely and cost effectively requires a large involvement of cutting-edge technologies with a strict compliance with internal procedures and Standards. Metering's main objective is to deliver accurate and close to real-time production data from online measurements, allowing the optimization of the operations and the mitigation of potential HSE-related risks. Solution The solution tested by TEPQ is based on a Data Validation and Reconciliation (DVR) approac...


Food safety, environmental friendliness and sustainability are the current mega trends of the international food and beverage industry. International incidents Recent international incidents involving food contamination in developed countries have provoked governments and consumers to demand increasingly higher standards of food safety. The outbreak of E. coli in Japan prompted a searching appraisal of not only food itself but the food distribution system as well. The outbreak of "mad cow disease" in the UK in 1996 provoked an even bigger international reaction. Beef consumption dropped in the major markets of the world, including Asian markets not supplied from Europe. A recent survey conducted by Project 98 in five of New Zealand's major food markets revealed food safety as being the prime concern of purchasers for retail organisations, government agencies and lobby-groups,those people who had a significant decision making capacity into what products found their way to retail shelves. People in affluent countries, in particular, are becoming increasingly concerned that the food they eat and drink will not detrimentally affect their health. Environment Environmental "friendliness", while seemingly well below food safety in consumer preference, is nevertheless becoming a mainline issue and indications are that it will become more important. This is especially true in countries where environmental degradation has impacted strongly on the social conscience. Germany and Japan appear to be particularly sensitive. The commercial response to environmental issues has been varied. Some companies continue to make claims which either cannot be substantiated or are simply misleading. The term "greenwash" has entered into the lexicon. Other companies are making genuine efforts to ensure their products do not impact adversely on the environment. Governmental responses have been equally varied. Those with active consumer lobbies have moved quickly to clamp down on misleading claims through legislation. Others, with strong producer lobbies are equally active in exploring the possibilities of using this issue for a fresh wave of trade protectionism. Food safety International markets are demanding higher standards of food safety and some are currently paying a premium for "clean and green" differentiation. Considerable anecdotal comment has been made on market opportunities offering substantially increased returns for "environmentally sensitive" products. There is some evidence of higher returns for certified organic products in Germany and Japan. The counter balancing point is that there is evidence of organic products losing their initial premiums in the United States and the United Kingdom. Most informed commentators believe that the importance of "clean and green" is more a case of developing customer recognition of New Zealand as a producer of "safe" food, than seeking a price premium. In this respect organically certified product is very useful in helping establish a superior image. Debate continues on whether consumer demand will ultimately force food producers to supply produce to organic standards. United Kingdom evidence suggests that if consumers can be satisfied their interests on food safety are being looked after by retailers, demand for organic product will decrease. Economic strength of Clean and Green positioning © 1997 New Zealand Plant Protection Society (Inc.) www.nzpps.org Refer to http://www.nzpps.org/terms_of_use.html 29 World Trade Climate New Zealand is being positioned internationally as being "clean and green" and it is of utmost importance to our continued national economic well being that this continues. Whether we wish it or not, survey results and considerable anecdotal evidence points to New Zealand being widely recognised internationally as being "clean and green". This is continually reinforced by overseas visitors who see us in this light, relative to their home surroundings. This is being reinforced offshore by advertising campaigns developed by New Zealand trade and tourism interests. This positioning is becoming increasingly important as our competitors improve their food safety programmes to the level enjoyed almost exclusively by New Zealand for the last thirty years. To command premium prices we will need to move up a further notch in customer preference and at this time a "clean and green" positioning appears to offer the best opportunity for us. Validating claims There has to be substance behind the claims. New Zealand will need to ensure that credible and auditable "clean and green" programmes are in place to underpin the claims being made. Progress is being made in this regard. Project 98 is an aspirational initiative which provides a focus for a national activity. The New Zealand Way Ltd provides an umbrella set of values of which environmental responsibility is a lynchpin. There is a myriad of local rurally based initiatives springing up which if co-ordinated could provide the necessary underpinning to provide substance for "clean and green" claims. Raw material and service suppliers to the food and beverage industry must see themselves as being part of these programmes and be involved in them. Increasingly the entire production and distribution chain is being studied by our customers to ensure food produced is safe to eat. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) methodology will become a necessity for any food business wishing to remain in business. Plant material forms the base of much of our food industry. Plant protection technology will need to take into account these changes in consumer preference. New Zealand's continued economic wellbeing depends on it.


Fuzzy systems approximate highly nonlinear systems by means of fuzzy "if-then" rules. In the literature, various algorithms are proposed for mining. These algorithms commonly utilize fuzzy clustering in structure identi…cation. Basically, there are three di¤erent approaches in which one can utilize fuzzy clustering; the …rst one is based on input space clustering, the second one considers clustering realized in the output space, while the third one is concerned with clustering realized in the combined input-output space. In this study, we analyze these three approaches. We discuss each of the algorithms in great detail and o¤er a thorough comparative analysis. Finally, we compare the performances of these algorithms in a medical diagnosis classi…cation problem, namely Aachen Aphasia Test. The experiment and the results provide a valuable insight about the merits and the shortcomings of these three clustering approaches.


Objective—To study the application methods of the Bronze Qiequ vein of Western Zhou Dynasty in product design.Methods—On the basis of the analysis of the evolutionary process of the Bronze vein ornamentation of Western Zhou Dynasty,the aesthetic characteristics of Qiequ vein were discussed through analyzing the bronze products and the design symbols were collected from the Qiequ vein.Results—According to the elements of product design,the design symbols are applied in new products.Conclusion—The bronze ornamentation applied to the product design can be designed and researched from such three aspects as the innovation of product forms,the expression of product functions and the interpretation of the environment where the product are used.


Each year in the United States alone, over 500,000 children suffer from some version of "neglect." Neglected children brought to the attention of the Child Protective Services has a much higher probability of emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social and physical delays and dysfunction than "comparison" children. It is becoming increasingly clear that the nature, timing and extent of neglect in childhood are critical in determining the nature and extent of these deficits (Perry et al., 199 5; Courchesne et al., 1994).


Ti-8.4vol%M-47.4vol%TiC (M: Cr, Mo, W) alloys were prepared through P/M technology and their microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. It was revealed that Ti-Cr-TiC alloy (Cr alloy) had 3 phases, which were TiC, a -Ti and $-Ti, Ti-Mo-TiC alloy (Mo alloy) had 2 phases, which were TiC and 8 -Ti and Ti-W-TiC alloy (W alloy) had 3 phases, which were TiC, 8 -Ti(Ti rich) and W(,6-Ti type, W rich). It was noted that TiC grain size of W alloy was much smaller than that of both Cr alloy and Mo alloy. It was found that hardness and transverse-rupture strength of W alloy were much higer than those of both Cr alloy and Mo alloy.


Recent observations by the Fly's Eye, Akeno, and Yakutsk Cosmic ray experiment have provided evidence for emission of neutral particles by Cygnus X‐3 in the EHE regime (E≳1017 eV). Diffuse gamma rays may also compromise a substantial fraction of the cosmic ray flux above this energy regime if the cosmic ray accleration source for these particles is extragalactic and relatively nearby. At the present time, searches for gamma‐ray components of the EHE cosmic ray flux is severely compromised by statistical limitations. A substantial improvement in detection area is needed to provide significant measurements. We describe the need for the High Resolution Fly's Eye; a proposed large collection area cosmic ray detector capabilities for measurment of diffuse and point sources of γ rays. The deployment status of four prototype detection units is also described.


Applying an axial compression of various magnitudes on a beam which is made of concrete and cube of rock which contact with each other, an experiment was made to shear off the beam along the contact plans.As the result of this experiment, the following relation was found.τ=τ0+nστ: shearing strength σ: axial compressionSo-called sliding factor is based on τ in the case of τ0=0, and Henny's shear friction safety factor is based on τ of rock or concrete.The writer's opinion is that the sliding safety factor must be based on the shearing strength along the contact planes of concrete and rock, and calculated at every points of dam base separately.


For each nutrient (e.g., vitamins, minerals, water, electrolytes, carbohydrate, or protein) deemed essential, the DRI committee reviews the scientific literature to help inform standards of adequacy and toxicity for groups of people of different genders and at different life stages. These traditional DRIs are required to guide efforts to ensure that populations meet essential nutritional needs to maintain health and prevent deficiency diseases.


This paper reviews the economic justification for voluntary environmental programs to derive defensible measures of their positive social outcomes. We consider ideal experimental and statistical designs to detect and attribute benefits. We also explore a set of more practical approaches to benefit attribution that take into account the data gaps and statistical challenges that often make more rigorous approaches infeasible.


In this article, low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology was used to realize the quarter of wavelength helical antenna instead of the quarter of wavelength monopole for achieving minimization of ceramic chip antenna (13 mm × 5.25 mm × 1.2 mm). The equivalent circuit of the helix‐monopoles combination of chip antenna has been established successfully. Using circuit simulation on the equivalent circuit model we proposed, two extra parasitic monopole antennas were added into helix antenna to enhance the second mode bandwidth because of the presence of these two close modes. The measured performance of the dual band LTCC chip antenna with helix‐three monopoles has been successfully predicted by using circuit simulation instead of EM simulation. The first and the second modes bandwidth of the dual band chip antenna can be achieved to 95 MHz (880–975 MHz) (meeting GSM band) and 300MHz (covering DCS and PCS band), respectively. The measured peak gains of this ceramic chip antenna are approximately −1.8 dB in low band and 0.6 dB in high band based on the 120 × 40 mm2 ground size. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.


When viscous dissipation is constant, Field Coordination Equation of steady laminar convection heat transfer can be derived by variation method for the optimization goal of heat transport potential capacity reaching an extreme. By solving this equation the optimal velocity field has been obtained, which leads to the best heat transfer efficiency in convection. In this paper a two-dimension square model of convection heat transfer is adopted and Field Coordination Equation is verified by comparing the heat transfer efficiency of optimal velocity filed and other flow fields. Further analyses are made on the optimization process and optimization principle of Field Coordination Equation.


In recent decades, special attention has been devoted to the protection and improvement of the environment, and efforts are being made to adopt and implement appropriate laws, regulations, measures, etc. Due to the fact that the right to a healthy environment is one of the basic human rights, the subject of research in the paper is an analysis of the concept, principles and instruments of environmental protection, with the aim of pointing out the basic principles and postulates, as well as bringing the level of competitiveness into relation countries with regulations in this area. The research showed that the principles in the field of environmental protection and their systematization represent the basis and that further improvement is necessary. It is necessary to become aware of the responsibility of individuals and society as a whole and work to overcome the interests of individuals.


I Ever since the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Farmers Loan and Trust Company v. Minnesota, 1 conjecture and discussion have been rife concerning state jurisdiction to tax income.2 Prior to 1930 multiple state taxation had been recognized in both legal theory and administrative practice. If a state were in a position to render the taxpayer or his property some benefit, regardless of its remoteness, the courts deemed it reasonable that the taxpayer contribute to its support. This dependence of tax jurisdiction upon potential benefit or protection rendered immaterial the consideration that some other state might confer greater benefit or more complete protection and might thus be more justified in its demand for financial contribution. Liability to taxation in one state, the Supreme Court had repeatedly enunciated, did not necessarily exclude liability in another; and exemption from double taxation was not guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. 3 Especially toward state income taxation, then still in the experimental stage of fiscal legislation, the Court had, in none too clear analyses of its nature, 4 proven highly tolerant. In Shaffer v. Carter 5 it had sustained a state income tax upon the net income of a non-resident derived from oil wells within the taxing state. In Travis v. Yale & Towne Manufacturing Company 6 it had held that a state may tax the salaries earned there by nonresidents. In United States Glue Company v. Oak Creek 7 it had declared valid a state income tax upon the net proceeds derived in part from interstate commerce. In Maguire v. Trefry 8 it had held that a resident beneficiary


Circulating immune complex (CIC) was measured in 122 patients with various renal diseases using the method of Cisbinding assay (Ciq-B.A.) and Protein-A precipitation test (Protein-A P.T.). The presence of CIC was found in the cases with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis and hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis. And a fluctuation of CIC levels during the course of the disease seemed t o be parallel to severity of the disease. Thus, it might be concluded that CIC levels are useful as a marker to interpretate the stage of disease in some renal disease.


Strengthening the maintenance and utilization of the cables on the comprehensive mechanized coal mining face and the field management and making it be in the good operation condotion can guarantee the safety in production and increase the production efficiency. This paper analyzes the main causes of cable faults occuring on the comprehensive mechanized coal mining face, and puts forward some concrete protective measures.


Infrared spectra are reported of silica preheated at 423 K and subsequently immersed in solutions of cyclohexanone in 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. Cyclohexanone was adsorbed onto isolated silanol group sites predominantly via the formation of hydrogen bonds between individual hydroxyl groups and single cyclohexanone molecules. A few pairs of isolated silanol groups were sufficiently close together to simultaneously form pairs of hydrogen bonds with single adsorbate molecules. Three types of surface hydroxyl groups which interacted laterally with adjacent surface hydroxyl groups also provided sites for the adsorption of cyclohexanone. Each cyclohexanone molecule was adsorbed onto a pair of adjacent interacting hydroxyl groups by the simultaneous formation of two hydrogen bonds. At low surface coverages the adsorption of cyclohexanone onto pairs of surface hydroxyl groups predominated over the adsorption onto single isolated silanol groups. The latter became more significant as the surface coverage was increased.


This PhD research focuses on multi-user interaction in the home environment. In a research-through-design approach, I design and evaluate multi-user interfaces for domestic lighting systems. In this process, I aim to define questions, tools and evaluations methods to support other designers in addressing the multi-user environments in interaction design.


An apparatus for controlling a document area analysis, with the following features: an interim analysis device that is configured to perform an inter-document analysis (433) to a number of intermediate portions (233) on a digital document (229) at a first PPI value (PPI = pixels per inch; 1 inch = 2, 54 cm) to identify; and a full analysis device that is configured to perform a complete analysis (506) with respect to at least one of the intermediate portions (233) at a second PPI, wherein in the complete analysis of a specific region or specific areas, which is contained in the intermediate region or or can be determined.


During the past two decades, terahertz (THz) science and technology have rapidly expanded in all fundamental and applied aspects of physical, chemical, and biological sciences. In physical sciences, these developments have been twofolds: i) the use of THz technology in understanding the complexities of materials and ii) the exploration of new THz functionalities of emerging materials for further advancement of THz technology. Here, the THz emission spectroscopy and the ultrafast functionality of three pillars of electronic and magnetic condensed matter systems that emerged in the following order: high‐temperature superconductors, colossal magnetoresistive manganites, and magnetoelectric multiferroics are reviewed. Emission functionality refers to the emitted THz radiation that carries the information of the underlying functional property of the material such that the overall effect evolves as the THz decoding of the information in a noninvasive manner and on an ultrafast timescale.


Triclosan was used as antibacterial agent in various vinyl thermoplastics and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/thermoplastic composites and the antibacterial performances were studied through Halo and Plate-Count-Agar (PCA) test methods. The thermoplastics used were polyethylene (LDPE, MDPE, HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Escherichia coli (E.coli, ATCC 25922) and Stapphylococcus aureus (S.aureus, ATCC 25923) were used as the testing bacteria. The color index results suggested that introducing triclosan did not change the color of all thermoplastics used. The antibacterial results showed that the inhibition zone increased with increasing triclosan for nonpolar thermoplastics like LDPE, MDPE, HDPE, PP, and PS films whereas the opposite effect was observed for polar PVC film. The antibacterial efficacies of the triclosan decreased in the order of LDPE > MDPE > HDPE > PP > PS > PVC and this was confirmed by the triclosan releasing and FT-IR results. The differences in the antibacterial performances of the studied thermoplastics with triclosan were associated with their rigidities, abilities to crystallize, and free volume or molecular density. The sensitivities of E.coli and S.aureus bacteria to the triclosan were found to be dependent on the testing methods used for the antibacterial performance evaluations. The addition of CaCO3 worsened the antibacterial performances in the triclosan filled HDPE and PS blends, but had a benefit for improved bacterial reduction in the triclosan-filled PVC blend. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011


Currently,there are many problems in our consumption;unsustainable consumption is one of them.This paper from a social perspective to analyze the issue,sought to find out the problem of socialization mechanisms,the path for further research is to provide evidence of their resolve.


A new intracellular Ca 2+ releasing messenger, NAADP + , was investigated with regard to astrocytes, since many physiological and pathological extracellular stimuli evoke a rise in the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration of astrocytes; and inter-astrocytic communication, as well as their intercellular communication with neurons, critically depends on [Ca 2+ ] i changes. In most studies carried out with intact cells, so far, NAADP + was injected into single cells [129] or released intracellularly, by flash photolysis of the caged compound [301]. In one case, application of extracellular NAADP + was tested on starfish oocytes, but a Ca 2+ rise was not detected [302]. Aware of the fact that there was no physiological evidence for an extracellular action of NAADP + , since it has been discovered as an intracellular second messenger, it was applied extracellularly, at relatively high concentration, assuming its uptake into the cells. NAADP + is effective at extremely low concentration, and therefore, only a small amount would need to reach the cytosol. This approach was prompted by the prior discovery that cADPR, the alternate product of the NAADP +-synthesizing enzyme CD38, or its precursor NAD + , could be applied extracellularly, and were effective in evoking Ca 2+ responses in cultured astrocytes [157] and Müller cells [158]. Using cell cultures, it was demonstrated that extracellular application of NAADP + is able to induce diverse patterns of Ca 2+ responses in all major cell types of the mammalian CNS: neurons, cultures were used (Fig. 9, A, B and C), and it can therefore be assumed that NAADP + acts directly on all these cell types. Cells in culture, however, may have properties distinct from those in situ. The work was expanded to brain slices with the focus on cortical astrocytes to study the mechanism of action of NAADP + (Fig. 7). Since the astrocytic responses in culture are similar to those in situ, it is assumed that NAADP + directly stimulated the astrocytes in situ as well and that their Ca 2+ response is not due to an indirect effect mediated by another cell type. Moreover, effects mediated by neuronal activity could at least be partially excluded, since comparable


The temporal variation of damage and loss estimates are presented in decadal increments since 1950 for an earthquake on the Newport-Inglewood Fault (NIF) equivalent to the Mw 6.4 1933 Long Beach earthquake. Deterministic damage and loss calculations were performed utilizing Hazus-MH software and updated structural inventories. We estimate that building stock loss density (total losses within each census tract divided by tract area) due to the recurrence of this event in 1950 would have been about $84 million, increasing to $300 million in 2006 (2002 replacement costs). With the phenomenal growth in new construction in Long Beach over the past 50 years, the results indicate that the proportion of wood and unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings predicted to suffer at least moderate damage has stabilized. Given the many seismic sources in this region which also pose significant threats, we demonstrate that modeling tools such as Hazus-MH can provide meaningful estimates of future losses from earthquakes.


The 16th Asian Games will be held in Guangzhou,so it's highly significant to set up the map information service platform for Guangzhou Asian Games adopting some key technologies such as WebGIS,Ajax,generalization of family-scale cartographic database,3D panoramic visualization and so on,based on fundamental GIS data as well as thematic data of Guangzhou city.This article focuses on the design and implementation of the platform,including software and hardware configuration,system architecture design,database design,functional design and key technologies of system implementation.


Since Friedrich Schnapp in 1884 in his dissertation the thesis to prove tried that the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs are an originally Jewish Scripture, which was later used and interpolated by Christians, have the test XII a permanent place in collections of Jewish Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament and in essays on Judaism in the centuries to get to the beginning of our era. It has also tried to use the ethics of testing XII for a better understanding of the early Christian ethics, insonderheit the exhortation of Jesus. This chapter shows that the use of parallels from the test XII to explain the early Christian ethics brings many complications. The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs are a Christian for many years of traditional and copied text. The original text of the chapter is in German.Keywords: Twelve Patriarchs; Old Testament; Christian ethics; Judaism


Climate change, currently the biggest threat that the world is facing today has impacts on different sectors such as agriculture, energy, forestry and health. United Nations Framework Conservation on Climate Change was formed to mitigate these threats. Parties to the conservation met at Kyoto, Japan and approved Clean Development Mechanism to combat Green house gas emissions. India has a vast opportunity to explore in terms of CDM and carbon-credits. Through its giant ongoing Infrastructure projects and projects on non- conventional energy sources, a new phase of development is still to be observed, moderate start of which has already begun. One of the projects, which is being applied for CDM is methane collection and utilization from sewage water treatment facilities. The objective of this paper is to identify the size of opportunities for gaining carbon credit through sewage treatment plants.


We introduce object-centric temporal navigation for exploring time-varying information visualizations. In our approach, navigation through time is controlled by interacting directly with any data item, enabling simultaneous exploration of the time dimension while focusing on the changing item of interest. Subtle visualizations of a data item's temporal trend are provided to guide navigation. To demonstrate how object-centric navigation can be designed for different types of dynamic visualizations, we created two techniques: DimpVis, for exploring changing visual variables in different types of varying information visualizations, and Glidgets, an interactive glyph-based technique for exploring topological changes in dynamic graphs. Both techniques enable intuitive investigation of spatial queries. For example, using DimpVis to answer "Was this bar ever at 500?" in a timevarying bar chart, one simply has to drag the bar to that height. Comparative task-based evaluations revealed that DimpVis for the scatter plot was quantitatively competitive with the time slider and small multiples. Additionally, both Glidgets and DimpVis were overall subjectively preferred over the time slider by participants.


The Pirate Metrics model (AARRR) is so named because it consists of 5 stages that make up the user lifecycle:

Acquisition: You acquire the user: from various


A new equation for calculating the transpiration and evaporation by means of Eagleson stochastic dynamic water balance model is presented in this paper. In the model, the influence of limited water supply to the plant is considered and the raining season within a year is divided into 16 periods, according to the characteristics of the rainfall in loess region. The mass conservation equation and a prediction correction algorithm by means of step by step are applied to calculate the partitioning of the water balance factor and the average soil moisture in the 16 periods within a year. All these improvement elevates the calculation accuracy of the model and makes it more useful, especially for water balance modeling of eco hydrological system in the loess plateau.


SUMMARY Dietary spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) is effective in improving growth performance of pigs raised in unsanitary conditions. However, little is known about the efficacy of SDPP in improving growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. In the present study, graded levels of bovine SDPP (0 to 2% of the diet) were fed to male broiler chickens (Ross 308) from 1 to 42 d of age. The study was divided into 2 experiments, each with 480 chickens, with identical experimental designs. Broilers in the second experiment were raised on the soiled litter from the first experiment, thereby creating 2 environments with different levels of sanitation. Broilers fed the control diet in experiment 2 had higher mortality, lower rate of body weight gain, and were less uniform than broilers fed the control diet in experiment 1, suggesting that reusing the soiled litter in experiment 2 resulted in a relatively more unsanitary environment. Dietary bovine SDPP did not affect growth performance or carcass characteristics in the first experiment, but improved growth rate, feed conversion, breast-meat yield (as a percentage of carcass weight), and flock uniformity of the broilers in the second, more unsanitary, experiment. In conclusion, dietary SDPP, fed throughout the growth period, improved growth performance and breast-meat yield of broilers raised in an unsanitary environment.


Commonalties among networks data communications considerations protocol fundamentals types of networks lower payer protocols ATM enterprise system connection Ethernet Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) Frame Relay ISDN parallel channel Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) Token Ring X.25 upper layer protocols hardware architecture Advanced Peer to Peer Communications Open System Interconnections (OSI) TCP/IP Netware Digital Network Architecture Apple Talk network devices repeaters bridges routers Brouters servers gateways.


Like other forms of self-knowledge, strengths have now been related to adaptive outcomes in a range of settings and populations. Experienced as authentic and energising, strengths can refer to both abilities/talents and aspects of character, and are akin to personality traits. In families, recent research indicates unique wellbeing benefits for a newly defined parenting style focussed on recognising and encouraging strengths in one's child: strength-based parenting (SBP). Correlates of SBP for teens include higher life satisfaction and subjective wellbeing, mediated through teens own strengths use and use of strength-based coping, and moderated by a growth-mindset in relation to strengths. SBP has also shown incremental validity and psychometric discrimination from other known adaptive styles including responsiveness and autonomy-granting. However, the effect of SBP on aspects of objective function beyond wellbeing, including academic achievement, remains untested. This study tested the effect of SBP on secondary school academic achievement in a sample of Australian secondary students, testing two proximal and potential non-cognitive achievement orientation mediators: engagement and perseverance. SBP explained 11% of achievement variance, showing a small indirect effect through perseverance. Engagement was not significant. Results are contextualised within the mission of furthering understanding non-cognitive factors in academic achievement.


We present ground-based spectral measurements of downward direct and diffuse solar intensities between 624 and 686 nm. Using the rising Sun as a light source, it is shown that the water dimer does not absorb significantly in this wavelength region. Over Boulder, Colorado, on July 10, 1998, the upper limit to the dimer vertical optical depth at these wavelengths is approximately 0.001, with an implied upper limit for instantaneous clear-sky absorption of solar radiation of about 0.8 W/m 2 for an overhead Sun. The direct Sun measurements also show that in the observed wavelength region no other unknown structured absorber can account for more than 0.6 W/m 2 absorption of the instantaneous downward direct solar flux for an overhead Sun. Observations of light scattered through a thick cloud reveal that when the atmosphere is saturated with respect to water vapor, no observable dimer absorption occurs and there is no significant spectral shape change in water monomer absorption at our spectral resolution.


What is a properly Christian response to the fractured and polemical post–9/11 political landscape? Mathewes here offers an unapologetically theological framework for answering this question. In good Augustinian fashion, he turns to the theological virtues as providing the Christian framework for understanding and acting. In a development of the Augustinian tradition, M. prioritizes hope rather than charity. Why hope? Because, M. argues, we are in the middle of a war that offers no clear, attainable victory and no foreseeable end. Our war on terror is in many ways a war of symbols, and it is the virtue of hope that is able to penetrate symbols and signs to reach the underlying reality of what is at stake. Hope "offers a vision of the Beloved Community beyond what the world by itself would warrant, and in so doing infuses us with energies undreamt of by mundane imaginations" (237). Thus, for M., it is hope that makes Christian political engagement possible in the first place. Accordingly, M. "uses" Augustine to develop a political theology that is both urgent and ambivalent. Part 1, "Seeing as Christians," is grounded in Augustine's rich psychology that subverts typical dualistic categories such as us versus them, church versus state, and even good versus evil. Through this psychology lens, the theological virtues become civic virtues. Hope becomes the virtue that challenges the despair that drives the Muslim world and the optimism that drives the West, including the West's optimism that such a war can be won. Faith becomes the virtue of citizenship, countering both the jingoistic idolatry of the American empire and the demonization of the Islamic world. Love becomes the virtue that makes possible true joy in the face of "millennial capitalism" and the psychological turmoil that accompanies the encroachment of the market on all areas of life. The book's second half, "Looking Like Christians," examines how inhabiting these virtues provides the basis for Christian citizenship (love), political identity (faith), and, most important, political activity (hope). These final chapters are more programmatic, both in reflecting generally on how political engagement serves as a means of witnessing the Christian faith to others and in examining controversial elements in Augustine's political theology such as the use of force as an act of love. Throughout this part, however, M. avoids descending too deeply into the particular. He clearly wants to enkindle energy for Christian political engagement; that said, he is more concerned with showing how the goals of politics transcend political realization than with telling Christians under what conditions they should support political force or coercive laws. Theological Studies 72 (2011)


The bioavailability of

levodopa-carbidopa tablets was investigated in ten healthyvoluteers

after oral administration. Three kinds of levodopa-carbidopa tablets

including sinemet(USA)and A Chinesetablet and B Chinese tablet were

used to compare the bioavailability in bodywith cross

,parallel,contrast.The plasma of levodopa-carbidopa levels for 14

hours were deter-mined by HPLC-ED.Pharmacokinetic parameters were

fitted with PKBP-N1 program on comput-er. The results show that the

comparative bioavailability of A Chinese tablet was 99.40% of

lev-odopa and 99. 92% of carbidopa,and that of B Chinese tablet was

104.30% of levodopa and102.79% of carbidopa.Excepting T_(max) of

levodopa in A Chinese and C_(max)、T_(1/2) of levodopa in BChinese

were significantly different(P0.01)between foreign and Chinese

tablet,there was nosignificant difference (P 0.05)between foreign

and Chinese tablet on other pharmacokintic pa-rameters.


To develop intuitive and effective methods for educating Acoustics to students of different ages and from varied backgrounds, Arai [J. Phonetic Soc. Jpn. 5, 31–38, (2001)] replicated Chiba and Kajiyama's physical models of the human vocal tract as educational tools and verified that the physical models and sound sources, such as an artificial larynx, yield a simple but powerful demonstration of vowel production in the classroom. We have also started exhibiting our models at the Science Museum ''Ru‐Ku‐Ru'' in Shizuoka City, Japan. We further extended our model to a lung model as well as several head‐shaped models with visible vocal tract to demonstrate the total vowel‐production mechanism from phonation to articulation. The lung model imitates the human respiratory system with a diaphragm. In the head‐shaped model, the midsaggital cross section is visible from the outside. To adjust the degree of nasopharyngeal coupling, the velum may be rotated. Another head‐shaped model with the manipulable tongue positi...


Integrative Feminisms presents a unique discussion of feminist radicalism in North America in the context of feminism's global development since the 1960s. Across divergent agendas, Angela Miles illuminates the transformative power common to apparently diverse radical, eco-, Black, socialist, lesbian and "third world" feminists. Drawing on interviews with activists, historical and documentary research, and her own participation, the book delivers a unique and powerful analysis of concentric feminisms in a transnational context.


Reactions of the bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)cyclotriphosphazenes gem-N3P3Ph4(C3HN2Me2)2 (L1) and N3P3(MeNCH2CH2O)2(C3HN2Me2)2 (L2) with [M(CO)6] (M = Mo or W) afford complexes of the type [M(CO)3L] (L = L1 or L2), which have been characterised by IR and NMR spectroscopic data. The structures of [Mo(CO)3L1], [W(CO)3L2] and the ligand L2 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The phosphazenes act as novel tridentate NNN-donor ligands with two pyrazolyl nitrogen atoms and one phosphazene ring nitrogen atom bonded to the metal atom


Subject
 Military's role in Thai politics.

 Significance
 The military-led National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) last week issued an order, based on Section 44 of the 2014 interim constitution, allowing the Election Commission (EC) to make changes to districts for the upcoming general election. The poll is currently targeted for February-May 2019. The recently formed Phalang Pracharat Party (PPP) will likely be a vehicle for Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha to retain the premiership in a post-election civilian government.

 Impacts
 If a ban on political activity is lifted in mid-December, the election is very likely to take place in February-May 2019 as now pledged.
 The royal coronation will likely occur in late 2019 if the election is in February but could be in early 2019 if the poll is in May.
 The junta could use a new cybersecurity law, likely to be passed before the election, to target opponents and critics.


Insulinomas are often difficult to localize. We present a 47-year-old woman who had recurrent neuroglycopenic symptoms and positive Whipple triad for 28 months. The 14 hours of fasting test confirmed the diagnosis of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia which is highly suspicious for the presence of an insulinoma. Previously performed MRI, endoscopic ultrasound, In-pentetreotide SPECT/CT, and Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT did not show any evidence of an insulinoma. Subsequently, Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT was repeated with the previous infusion of a colloidal volume replacement fluid (Gelofusine), known to reduce Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 accumulation in the kidneys. Consequently, the insulinoma was unmasked from the left kidney, allowing curative surgery.


Due to the access to numerous single-phase loads, the unbalanced status of three-phase loads in low-voltage distribution networks is always happening and prevalent, resulting in additional losses in the lines and transformers and increasing the indirect carbon emission intensity of the power grid. Based on the analysis of the relationship between current imbalance and power grid loss, based on ISO14064-2:2006, measures the carbon emission reductions caused by unbalanced three-phase load management, and forms the carbon emission reduction accounting method at the project level for the technology to guide the project participants to evaluate carbon emission reduction benefits. To guide project participants in assessing the benefits of carbon reduction. Finally, combined with the actual engineering data to provide the examples, which have reference value for the check computation method raised by practical application.


The uranium stripping results from a loaded synergic solvent (3%D2EHPA/ 3%TBP) by sodium carbonate solution and the uranium peroxide precipitation from the pregnant strip solution (PSS) are presented. The experiments were carried out in batch as well as in continuous scale (laboratory pulsed column). In a laboratory pulsed column, operating parameters have been optimizedas 0.036m/s pulsation intensity and 30m/hr flux (total flowrate), through hold-up and uranium stripping efficiency measurements. Thereafter PSS containing 48gU/l was obtained,the sulfate content reduction from the PSS was carried out by the addition of lime up to pH 3.0then; uranium precipitation was carried out by H 2 O 2 addition. A calcining product assaying 80.33%U was obtained.  2016 Trade Science Inc. INDIA


Thepurpose of thisworkis to complywiththeapplication of dueprocesswhenviolatingthe human rights of theforeignerinvolved in causes of deportationorexpulsionfromtheterritory of theRepublic, Colombian cases. Forthispurpose, thefollowingspecificobjectiveswereestablished: a) Describe the human rightsthatcorrespondto theforeigner in Venezuela; b) Explainthe causes of deportation and expulsion in national and internationalstandards; c) Distinguishthedifferencesbetween causes of deportation and expulsionfromtheterritory of one country to another; And, d) Statethereasonsfordeportation and / orexpulsionfromtheterritory of theRepublic in theinternal legal system of Venezuela. Thequestionsthattheresearchthatwasraisedwerethefollowing: What human rightsbelong to theforeigner in Venezuela?, How are the causes of deportationorexpulsionestablished in national and internationalstandards ?, What are thedifferencesbetweendeportation and expulsion Of citizens of theterritory of a country ?, Howdoesthe causes of deportation and / orexpulsion of theterritory of theRepublicmaterialize in theinternal legal system of Venezuela? Theresearchusedis a documentary / bibliographicresearchdesignsupportedbyauthor'sworks, legal documents, electronicdocuments, articles in indexedjournals, legal encyclopedias, amongothers. Likewise, thepresentstudyis non-experimental. As far as thescope of thestudyisconcerned, itwasorientedfromthetechnicalpoint of view in thelevel of research of a descriptivenature. To collectsecondaryinformationfromtextbooks, encyclopedias, hemerographies, yearbooks and informationfromelectronicsources, documentaryresearchtechniques, such as signing and underlining of texts, will be applied. Theinstrumentsfortheanalysis of thesourceswerethe records and thetablesfortheinternal and externalanalysis of thecontent of saidsources. Finally, thefollowingconclusionsweregenerated: a) Thecompetentauthorities in matters of foreigners and migration of Venezuela, are exhorted to complywith and enforcethelegallystipulatednorms; And b) Lawstudentsinterested in human rights are advised to continuethis line of investigationbydelvingintootherareas of nationalevolution, in order to describe them and submitthem to theconsideration of Venezuelans so thatthey do notfollowOccurring.


Spring 1985forms, which do not (Wilbur 1978, Gee & Kegl 1982,McIntire 1980, McDonald 1982, Supalla 1982). A tentativelist of classifiers and their categories is given below(from Kegl & Wilbur 1976):1. General person (animate): G-hand, usual orientationis fingertip up2. Person ambulatory (by legs): V-hand, usualorientation is fingertips down for 'stand' 'walk''kneel', but may have other orientations3. Person (by vehicle): 3-hand, orientation isfingertips sideways (as opposed to the numeral '3',which has its citation orientation fingertips up),may be used for cars, motorcycles, boats, trains,etc.4. Plane:


The purpose of this volume is to present a study of the notion of governance in the specific time and space context of the United Kingdom from 1997 to the present, so as to highlight the ways in which it has evolved in relation to British public policies. The contributions gathered here put forward a rethink the transformations of public and state action, especially in the sectors that have been most reformed, such as health, education, or energy, in the face of the combined imperatives of devolution, pressure from international trade dynamics, and the growing influence of the European Union and intergovernmental agencies.


In this paper, a reconfigurable 1-bit antenna in Ku-band is presented for phased array antennas applications. The novel reconfigurable 1-bit antenna is composed of two magnetic dipole and a switchable feeding part. By changing the switching states, a stable phase difference of 180° is achieved owing to the structural symmetry instead of the reconfigurable 180° phase shifter. To verify our design, the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured in Ku-band. It can operate within the bandwidth from 14.5 GHz to 15.2 GHz. The half-power beamwidths (HPBWs) of the antenna are 70° in E-plane and 79° in H-plane.


Border town Cheb, which in the past have transformed completely its identity
from German to Czech meets today national and civicminded disputes considering the
social life. Irrespective the changes, which has been occurring in CzechGerman relations
from 1898, some inhabitants of Cheb still stands a defensive or even hostile stance against
the Germans. The main question of this study is: What the social signifi cance of this
particular type of confl ict is and what lies in its core.


─ In this paper, a novel compact branch-line coupler (BLC) using non-uniform folded transmission line (NUFTL) and shunt step impedance stubs (SSISs) with harmonics suppressions is presented and its design procedure is discussed. In the proposed structure, in order to reject the unwanted harmonic pass bands, a pair of SSISs is implemented along the ports of the coupler. To minimize the physical size of the coupler, NUFTL are used instead of uniform transmission lines in each arm of the branch-line. With the proposed approach, the size of the quarter-wavelength transmission line in the branch-line can be reduced greatly. The presented BLC has a compact size while showing good return loss and insertion loss characteristic in the frequency band of interest. Good agreement exists between the simulated and measured results. Index Terms ─ Branch-line coupler (BLC), harmonics suppressions, non-uniform folded transmission line (NUFTL), shunt step impedance stub (SSIS).


Dispersing fine ceramic particles in polymer matrices has proved to be one of the most effective ways of enhancing key structural and electrochemical parameters of polymer electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries. It is now widely recognized that the phase composition, morphology and surface chemistry of the filler all exert a clear impact on the way it interacts with the polymer host, thus contributing to the final outcome in terms of ionic mobility, thermal, mechanical, chemical and electrochemical stability in lithium cells. In the present contribution we manufactured microporous polymer membranes based on copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF/HFP) using a two-step approach originally proposed by Bellcore. A mesoporous silica filler MCM-41 was synthesized and functionalized with chlorosilane. After the effect of functionalization was verified by means of FTIR spectroscopy, the fillers were incorporated in the polymer matrices and the resulting dry composite membranes showed a well-developed porous structure and a high ability to absorb liquid media with the formation of stable gels. The good physical properties of the membranes were attributed to the enhanced compatibility of the filler with the fluoropolymer matrix. The composite gel electrolytes were prepared by soaking the dry membranes with a conventional lithium cation conducting liquid electrolyte and their electrochemical characteristics were determined in terms of the temperature dependence of ionic conductivity and electrochemical window. During the experimental studies we observed high conductivities at room temperatures exceeding about 2*10‒3 S/cm and decidedly better anodic stability for composite gel electrolytes with an addition of mesoporous silica with and without surface modification.


The present study examines the extent of Occupational Stress, Mental Health and Adjustment of Police and Forest employees. It was hypothesized thatpolice and forest employeesdiffer significantly on Occupational Stress, Mental health and Adjustment. And the male and female employees of Police and forest department differ significantly on Occupational Stress, Mental Health and Adjustment.In order to verify the above hypotheses, a sample size of 100 was selected from Police and Forest employees of three taluksfrom Dharwad district of Karnataka.To measure the variables, the following tools were used: Occupational Stress Index by A. K. Srivastava and A. P. Singh, Employees Mental Health Inventory by Dr. Jagadeesh and Global Adjustment form-A – by Sanjay Vohra.The major findings of the study reveal that there is no significant difference between the police and forest employees on occupational stress. But forest employees have significantly higher mental health and adjustment than the police employees. It is also found that male and female employees do not differ on the variables.


We propose a double-cap differential codebook (DCB) design for multiuser (MU) multiple-input-single-output systems. The MU transmission uses signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio precoding. The double-cap DCB is designed for temporally/ spatially correlated channels and is based on a combined spherical and polar cap structure. We consider an inner spherical cap and an outer polar cap structure with different radii. The design allows us to systematically alter the radii of the caps over the feedback time depending on the previously selected codeword. The proposed double-cap DCB does not require knowledge of temporal or spatial channel correlation at the base-station, thus removing the overhead of additional feedback from the user. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed double-cap DCB over a single polar cap DCB in terms of sum capacity gain and quantization errors.


An analytic method to evaluate nuclear contributions to electrical properties of polyatomic molecules is presented. Such contributions control changes induced by an electric field on equilibrium geometry (nuclear relaxation contribution) and vibrational motion (vibrational contribution) of a molecular system. Expressions to compute the nuclear contributions have been derived from a power series expansion of the potential energy. These contributions to the electrical properties are given in terms of energy derivatives with respect to normal coordinates, electric field intensity or both. Only one calculation of such derivatives at the field-free equilibrium geometry is required. To show the useful efficiency of the analytical evaluation of electrical properties (the so-called AEEP method), results for calculations on water and pyridine at the SCF/TZ2P and the MP2/TZ2P levels of theory are reported. The results obtained are compared with previous theoretical calculations and with experimental values.


The lack of evidence in support of the widely held theory of a financial and real estate bubble, which was responsible for causing the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008 inthe literature, raised serious questions regarding the recent financial crisis that required additional research. A financial bubble, defined as protracted divergence over a period between an asset market price, and the fundamental determinants implied value with an unusually high volume of trading or sales (Starr,2012). Walters (2018) presented evidence which suggested there was no statistically significant evidence of change in the growth of net FDI inflow for developed countries for periods preceding and subsequent to the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008. The development of Eddison Walters Risk Expectation Theory of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008, in Walters (2018) presented an alternative theory for the cause of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008. This new theory raised severe questions regarding Alan Greenspan's statement, which pointed to an abundance of available capital creating a financial bubble as a condition that led to a real estate bubble in the United State housing market, triggering the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 and 2008 (Greenspan et. al ,2010; Khayoyan, 2012). Considering new questions raised by Walters (2018), an investigation into what triggered the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 through 2008 is required. It is critical to gain an understanding of precisely what triggered the financial crisis to avoid the same mistakes in the future.


1526 Background: Women with BRCA1/2 or P53 mutations are recommended BC surveillance with mammogram (MMG) and MRI beginning at age 25. The incremental yield of MMG in this age group is not clear.

METHODS
The MSK Breast Disease Management Team database was queried to identify women diagnosed with BC =< 30 years. Medical records were abstracted to determine clinical characteristics and mode of presentation.

RESULTS
Between 1/99 and 7/08, 345 women with BC diagnosed =< 30 years (median 28, 11-30) were evaluated at our institution before definitive treatment. 269 (78%) were white, 23 (6.6%) black, and 13 (3.8%) Hispanic. Most presented with a palpable mass (324/345, 94%) or nipple discharge (9/345, 2.6%). 6 patients (1.8%) were asymptomatic. Median tumor size was 21.5 mm (1-150). Of those with complete information, 147/301 (48.8%) had axillary nodal metastases, 132/345 (44.1%) were HR+ (ER and/or PR+) and HER2-, 76 (25.4%) were TNBC, 33/345 (11%) were HR-/HER2+, and 58/345 (19.4%) were HR+/HER2+. Diagnostic MMG was suspicious for malignancy in 238/286 (83.2%) women. Diagnostic US was abnormal in 307/335 patients (91.6%). Both MMG and MRI were performed before lesion excision in 89 women. MRI demonstrated the lesion of concern in all cases (100%). Additional ipsilateral or contralateral lesions were noted by MRI in 31 women (34.8%). There were 0/89 (0%, 95% CI 0-4%) that were MMG+/MRI-. There were 20/89 cases (22.5%, 95% CI 15-32%) that were MRI+/MMG-.

CONCLUSIONS
Women diagnosed with breast cancer at or before the age of 30 tend to present with significant local disease. HER2 overexpression appears to be more common than in unselected breast cancer cases. The sensitivity of diagnostic MMG in women with BC =< 30 years is suboptimal, even in a population presenting with palpable masses and relatively large disease. All cancers in this setting were visualized by MRI, and there were no cases where MMG identified MRI-occult BC. Although these women were not undergoing routine screening, these findings suggest that the incremental value of MMG may be limited in women =< 30 who are undergoing MRI-based BC surveillance.


An effective state-dependent Call Admission Control (CAC) and Routing algorithm is presented in this paper. The algorithm is based on Markov Decision Theory whose objective is to maximize the total revenue from the calls from different categories. CAC is applied for a single link and we try to prove that the traffic model and a particular aspect of call arrival process, the time since last call arrival influences the performance of the algorithm. More particularly for this purpose, the traffic model of Internet is considered which is basically selfsimilar in nature. The contribution of this paper is two fold. First, we outline the Transient link MDP model which can be used to describe the time dependence of the relative values. Second, we present the Stationary link MDP model which can be used for CAC and routing. Shiva Prasad Vydyula Reg. No: E2653D Högskolan Dalarna Tel : 023 77 80 00 Röda Vägen 3 Fax : 023 77 80 50 781 88 Borlänge url : www.du.se 3 PREFACE Most of the Internet traffic today, to a large extent is flooded with protocols of type http, ftp and smtp, and a considerable amount of pop, telnet, and nntp. And as the amount of traffic increases, there is a greater chance of higher priority information or data important for specific purposes getting lost due to the admission of a less important, lower priority data occupying the space in the network. The need for traffic policing is required utmost under these circumstances. This is where Call Admission Control and Routing comes into picture. Although for this matter any simple ordinary algorithm which can control the traffic can answer the demands, but observing from the service provider's perspective, an algorithm which can not only optimize the traffic in an effective way but which can also earn maximum revenues out of it is highly desirable. Following these footprints and bearing in mind such points this work addresses the issue of an effective Call admission control and routing algorithm. The purpose of this thesis is to not only deal with the call admission as a function but also to give a good insight of various kinds of network and traffic behavioural patterns that exist today. The documentation of this work is sculptured in such a way that it is aimed to provide the novices a general handbook on network and traffic patterns, the intermediate a basement or building block upon which they can build their budding concepts, and connoisseurs or researchers to use the results and ideas of the work to explore unventured areas of the domain. The first chapter deals with the introduction of the thesis, the background and the purpose of taking up the work. The second chapter addresses the problem under consideration, assumptions that are made and what to calculate to achieve the objective. Third and fourth chapters speak about the types of networks existing today and current traffic models in Internet and their relation to the thesis. The fifth chapter addresses the main issue and describes the methodology of Call admission control and routing. It talks about the more important Quality and Grade of Service attributes that are vital to the subject. This is the core of this documentation. Chapter six illustrates the structure of the network, the proposed model and the computational procedure in terms of mathematical definitions. This section would be of special interest to those who prefer to go deep inside, obtain greater insight and analyze the concept in the mathematical way. Chapter seven presents the numerical results for particular instance of simulation, and its detailed analysis. Finally the last two sections discuss about the prospects of the application and future work, and conclusion. My heart rendering thanks to my thesis guide Ernst Nordström, who has been my inspiration, who has deep insight in Networking & Communications and also who has helped me with ideas in tough situations. I also sincerely thank Hasan Fleyeh, Course co-ordinator, Mark Dougherty, Course designer, and Susanne Corrigox, International students co-ordinator who have helped in their own way toward the completion of the work. S P Vydyula Shiva Prasad Vydyula Reg. No: E2653D Högskolan Dalarna Tel : 023 77 80 00 Röda Vägen 3 Fax : 023 77 80 50 781 88 Borlänge url : www.du.se 4