We present a trade-off between the expected time for two identical agents to rendezvous on a synchronous, anonymous, oriented ring and the memory requirements of the agents. In particular, we show there exists a 2t state agent which can achieve rendezvous on an n-node ring in expected time O(n2/2t + 2t) and that any t/2 state agent requires expected time Ω(n2/2t). As a corollary we observe that Θ(log log n) bits of memory are necessary and sufficient to achieve rendezvous in linear time.


Gasification as a technology to treat municipal solid waste (MSW) is getting closer to commercial reality. Given the Current markets for energy and solid waste disposal, however, leading developers of the technology may find it tough to gain acceptance. This paper presents a summary of technologies and describes emissions of pollutants.


Novel superstructures of multilayered ZnO nanosheets with hierarchically porous structures are successfully synthesized from a hydrothermal preparation and thermal decomposition of a layered precursor of zinc hydroxide carbonate (denoted as ZnHC). Nanosheet-based ZnHC microspheres are self-assembled by the hydrothermal process by using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and urea as the starting materials. The corresponding microspheric organizations of multilayered ZnO nanosheets with hierarchically porous structures are obtained by the thermal decomposition ZnHC precursor at 573 K. SEM images show that the average diameter of ZnO assembled microspheres is about 15 μm, and the length of a ZnO nanosheet building block which is made up of thin mutilayered sheets is around ∼7 μm. Studies also show well-crystallized pores with hierarchically distributed pore sizes are embedded in the multilayered ZnO nanosheets building blocks. A plausible dissociation-deposition mechanism using in situ formed Zn(OH)2 nuclei as the "sa...


New legislation regarding intellectual property (IP) is quite rare, the most recent was the statutory recognition of traditional knowledge. However, in terms of the creation of case law, the Supreme Court of Appeal, in particular under the stewardship of Judge Louis Harms, has delivered a number of important judgements that have resulted in considerable discussion in the profession. It is interesting though to consider, apart from changes to substantive IP law, those which have taken place in the recent past in the wider IP landscape.


Abstract Background Evaluating antimicrobial complications in advanced cancer patients on palliative chemotherapy may guide clinical care and stewardship efforts. Methods We identified advanced cancer patients aged ≥65 years started on palliative chemotherapy from January 2016 to September 2017 at Yale New Haven Hospital. Complications with and without antimicrobials were assessed during first hospitalizations until death or March 2018. We compared differences with χ2 tests. Results Of 2,680 patients started on palliative chemotherapy, 1181 had ≥1 hospitalization. Median age was 74 years (range 65–98), and 856 (72%) had solid tumors. Median time to hospitalization from starting palliative chemotherapy was 77 days (range 1–580) and length of stay was 4 days (range 1–50). During first hospitalization, 158 (13%) died or were discharged to hospice. Overall, 493 (42%) died. Palliative chemotherapy often included FOLFIRINOX (n = 257), FOLFOX (n = 239), or pembrolizumab (n = 210). During first hospitalizations, patients given antimicrobials more likely incurred nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, or C. difficile infection within 7 days of use than patients not given antimicrobials (Table 1). Conclusion Antimicrobial complications are common in advanced cancer patients on palliative chemotherapy. Increased stewardship and alignment of infection treatment with goals of care are needed. Table 1: Complications in Palliative Chemotherapy Patients. Complicationa Definition Antimicrobials (N = 805) No Antimicrobials (N = 376) P value Cardiotoxicity >60ms QTC riseQTC > 500ms 83 (10%) 35 (9%) 0.68 Nephrotoxicity, mg/dL SCR ≥0.5 if Cr <3.0SCR ≥1.0 if Cr ≥3.0 49 (6%) 6 (2%) <0.001 Hematologic, /mm3b  Aplastic anemia Two of:ANC <1,500Plt <50,000Hg <10 9 (2%) 4 (1%) 0.78  Leukopenia ANC <1,500 10 (2%) 4 (1%) 0.59  Thrombocytopenia Plt <100,000 9 (2%) 6 (2%) 0.79 Hepatotoxicity, U/L ALT ≥102ALP ≥390 88 (12%) 26 (7%) 0.03 Electrolyte, mEq/L  Hypokalemia K < 3.0 45 (6%) 17 (5%) 0.49  Hyperkalemia K > 5.5 3 (0%) 21 (6%) <0.001  Hypomagnesemia Mg < 1.2 10 (1%) 5 (1%) 1.00 Clostridium difficile Antigen + 27 (3%) 1 (0%) <0.001 Toxin + 16 (2%) 1 (0%) 0.02 aWithin 7 days of specified antimicrobials vs. entire hospitalization in those not given antimicrobials. bSolid tumor patients only: antimicrobials N = 538; no antimicrobials N = 318. Disclosures M. Juthani-Mehta, Iterum Therapeutics: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee


We study the problem of greedy, single path data propagation in wireless sensor networks, aiming mainly to minimize the energy dissipation. In particular, we first mathematically analyze and experimentally evaluate the energy efficiency and latency of three characteristic protocols, each one selecting the next hop node with respect to a different criterion (minimum projection, minimum angle and minimum distance to the destination). Our analytic and simulation findings suggest that any single criterion does not simultaneously satisfy both energy efficiency and low latency. Towards parameterized energy-latency trade-offs we provide as well hybrid combinations of the two criteria (direction and proximity to the sink). Our hybrid protocols achieve significant perfomance gains and allow fine-tuning of desired performance. Also, they have nice energy balance properties, and can prolong the network lifetime.


Objective: The purpose of this study was 1) to evaluate visual functions and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in plasma and erythrocytes in smokers in comparison with non-smokers, 2) to evaluate the correlations between visual functions and the oxidant/antioxidant system. We hypothesized that the changes in antioxidant system and consequently lipid peroxidation depend on smoking may affect sophisticated visual tests including contrast sensitivity (CS) and pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP)

Subjects: This non-randomised control study included 24 chronic, heavy smokers who were smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day at least for last 10 years. Sixteen age and sex-matched, healthy, non-smokers were taken as controls. All volunteer subjects were accumulated from the outpatient clinic. To rule out the effect of alcoholism and malnutrition, we chose young, healthy heavy smokers who maintained adequate diet and who had no alcohol consumption history.

Following visual acuity and color vision tests, all subjects were applied to CS and PVEP tests. Values of CS, N75-P100 amplitude and P100 wave latency were compared between the study and control subjects. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in plasma and erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometer. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level, as an end product of lipid peroxidation, was assessed by spectrofluorometric method.

Results: CS was determined to be significantly reduced in smokers compared to non-smokers, although central vision and PVEP responses were not affected. Erythrocyte SOD activity and plasma MDA levels were significantly increased in smokers compared to controls. There were positive correlations between plasma SOD and erythrocyte SOD; CS and erythrocyte SOD; and CS and plasma SOD.

Conclusions: The results suggest the possible association between early CS loss and increase in antioxidant enzyme activities thus reflecting an increased oxidative damage due to cumulative effect of chronic smoking. Elevated concentrations of lipid peroxidation products in the plasma of smokers may directly show the increased oxidative damage in these subjects.


The neutron imaging system at the National Ignition Facility is an important diagnostic tool for measuring the two-dimensional size and shape of the source of neutrons produced in the burning deuterium-tritium plasma during the stagnation phase of inertial confinement fusion implosions. Very few two-dimensional projections of neutron images are available to reconstruct the three-dimensional neutron source. In this paper, we present a technique that has been developed for the 3D reconstruction of neutron and x-ray sources from a minimal number of 2D projections. We present the detailed algorithms used for this characterization and the results of reconstructed sources from experimental data collected at Omega.


This project works to identify state-of-the-art methods for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of microbiologically influenced productivity (MIP) in natural gas storage facilities. It is meant to provide theoretical and practical information about MIP, how it works, how to diagnose it, and how to treat it.


In this article, we develop the theory of a special type of optoelectronic phase-locked loop (PLL). The output signal of this type of PLL is in the electrical domain and its reference oscillator, typically a mode-locked laser, operates in the optical domain. The PLL uses a balanced optical microwave phase detector (BOMPD). In order to model the optoelectronic PLL, the nonlinear characteristic function and the gain of the BOMPD are derived analytically. Using the results of the phase detector analysis, the theory of an optoelectronic PLL using such a phase detector is developed. Based on the theoretical analysis, a broadband optoelectronic frequency synthesizer with a programmable frequency range from 2 to 20 GHz is designed and implemented. Phase noise measurements show that the optoelectronic PLL frequency synthesizer achieves an integrated rms-jitter (1 kHz–100 MHz) of less than 4 fs in the frequency range from 5 to 20 GHz with a typical value of 4 fs and a minimum of 3 fs. This is the first reported wideband PLL frequency synthesizer achieving sub-10-fs integrated rms-jitter (1 kHz–100 MHz) in the frequency range from 3 to 20 GHz. A comparison with best-in-class laboratory-grade frequency synthesizers in this frequency range shows that this synthesizer achieves lower phase noise than any electronic frequency synthesizer for offset frequencies larger than 2 kHz.


A prerequisite for developing the planning and demand management policies for energy is the appropriate projections of future demand. Capacity targets may be set particularly more efficiently in the light of a knowledge of the probability of shortages. However, such probabilities are usually not available. Such probability distributions are generated in this study. More specifically, a simple four-equation model has been developed to make projections of average and peak demand for the city of Karachi in the year 2000. Three of the four equations have been estimated using Full Generalised Least Squares with Prais-Winsten transformation in order to correct serially correlated errors. The estimated model, after making appropriate tests for hetroscedasticity, has been put to recursive bootstrapping to generate probability distributions of average and peak demand in order to assess the extent of uncertainty in point projections. Bootstrapping has been used because of the limitations of the conventional method with regard to imposing a pre-specified stochastic structure on the error term and assuming the knowledge of the values of the exogenous variables for the forecast period with certainty. Probability distributions are based on 1000 random samples. The results indicate that under quite plausible assumptions, the extent of uncertainty remains significant which should be taken into account for future policy planning.


The generation of high quality test signals with well-controlled level and time properties have played a vital role in all testing areas. Usually the requirements for accuracy of levels and spectral purity cannot be met simultaneously. The result is that spectrally pure sine wave sources have low magnitude and frequency stability due to the high Q value frequency selective circuits. On the other hand the highly stable signal sources have poor spectral purity. In this paper an attempt is made to find out the nonsine wave test signal to meet most A/D converter test requirements.


Eight cases of early onset bipolar affective disorder in adolescents with mental impairment are described. The age of onset ranged from 11 to 18 years and common characteristics were rapid cycling, mixed affective states, and lithium resistance. The likelihood that cerebral dysfunction might cause a secondary (phenocopy) form of bipolar disorder. as well as complicate a primary bipolar diathesis, is discussed.


This paper discusses the causes and the present situations of college poverty stricken students, and proposes some countermeasures to help them out: an overall investigation be made, the right persons be identified; the financial resources be broadened, and more part-time jobs be provided.


Background: GDNF heterozygous mice are born with either 2 small kidneys (Het-2K) and a 30% nephron deficit, or a solitary kidney (Het-1K) and a 65% nephron deficit compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. Yet, Het-2K and Het-1K mice are normotensive and devoid of renal disease. We tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) deficiency is necessary for the progression of hypertension and chronic kidney disease in nephron deficient animals. Methods: At 30wks of age, basal renal function and mean arterial pressure (MAP; radio-telemetry) were measured. L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) was then given (drinking water 0.5 mg/ml) and MAP followed for 7 days before renal function measurements repeated. Results: Basal MAP of WT, Het-2K and Het-1K mice were similar (104.0±0.9, 103.0±2.4, 101.1±2.1mmHg, respectively) as was the initial 24hr rise in MAP on L-NAME (17.7±0.6, 16.1±1.0, 18.4±1.4mmHg, respectively). MAP of WT mice remained stable over the 7days, but declined over time in Het-2K and Het-1K mice. Thus, at day7 of L-NAME treatment the rise in MAP was greatest in WT (14.7±1.3mmHg), then Het-2K (10.9±1.5mmHg) and least in Het-1K mice (7.6±2.0mmHg; P<0.01). Basal urinary excretion of Het-2K and Het-1K (P<0.05) mice and sodium excretion of Het-1K (P<0.05) mice were greater than WT mice. L-NAME treatment abolished these renal differences but did not promote proteinuria. Conclusions: NO contributes to the greater diuresis and natriuresis in Het mice. MAP of GDNF Het mice appear less sensitive over time to chronic NOS inhibition. This suggests that other vasodilatory pathways are upregulated in GDNF Het mice when NO bioavailability is limited and may contribute to the preservation of cardiovascular and renal health seen in these nephron deficient mice.


The user terminal device is disclosed. The user terminal apparatus, to the external device to generate a control command for controlling a plurality of speakers according to the detection unit and the type of the user touch input to the communication unit, detects the user's touch to perform the external device and the communication for controlling a plurality of speakers, and a processor for controlling the communication unit to transmit. Accordingly, the user performs various operations on the user terminal device, it is possible to control a plurality of speakers.


Makes the dynamic performance analysis of the varying frequency speed regulation system in the mode of the speed sensor-less vector control.Discusses the influence on the recovery time and dynamic speed drop of the speed regulation system by the proportional gain,integral gain and band width.By the analysis of the metrical data,generalizes the corresponding control rule and provides methods for the dynamic performance optimization of the varying frequency speed regulation.


1. An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine operating at lean mixture which comprises: (A) the catalytic soot filter (CSF); ! (B) a control device; ! (C) means controlled by regulating means to increase the content of combustible hydrocarbon (HC) and / or carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaust gas (flowing into the CSF, thereby to combust the HC and / or CO in the filter CSF to enhance CSF temperature and combustion of accumulated therein solid particles;! and (d) the unit catalyst sensor disposed between the engine manifold and the CSF, for the combustion of CO and / or hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust system and input into a positioning database apparatus that correlate with Ent piey combustion of hydrocarbons and / or CO in the exhaust gas! whereby the regulating device during use controls the feed of combustible hydrocarbon device and / or CO depending on the data input thereto, whereby the regulated degree of contacting CSF filter with flammable hydrocarbons and / or CO.! 2. Exhaust system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor device comprises a catalyst of the catalyst thermocouple junction. ! 3. Exhaust system according to claim 2, wherein the catalyst comprises a sensor device thermocouple junction catalyst and non-catalysing standard thermocouple junction. ! 4. Exhaust system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the catalyst in the filter CSF comprises at least one platinum group metal, preferably Pt, or Pt and Pd two metal. ! 5. An exhaust system according to claim 2, wherein the catalyst in the filter and the catalyst CSF thermocouple comprise at least one metal of the platinum


The invention discloses a glasses and nasal mask type air purifier and relates to the technical field of air purifiers. The glasses and nasal mask type air purifier solves the problems that an existing head-mounted air purifier appears abrupt, is discordant, unsightly and unsuitable for business occasions and other occasions and affects use feeling of a user. The glasses and nasal mask type air purifier includes a pair of glasses composed of nose pads, a glasses frame and two glasses legs. The glasses and nasal mask type air purifier is characterized in that an air guide channel is formed in the glasses legs and the glasses frame, an air outlet is formed in one end of the air guide channel, and the other end of the air guide channel is connected with an air purifying device. The glasses and nasal mask type air purifier is small, exquisite and compact, and therefore the user can conveniently carry the air purifier when going out; the appearance of the air purifier is not abrupt when the user wears the air purifier, so that daily life of the user is not affected; meanwhile, consideration is given to both the effect of air which is breathed and the effect of air which is purified.


extent regional governance is in the Action Plan and how the main governance elements on multi-stakeholder and multi-level coordination are reflected in the REGIN analysis. Then, the cross-cutting sectoral areas included in the Action Plan, namely education and training, employment and skills, housing, and health, will be examined in light of the corresponding REGIN analytical dimensions and key findings. To conclude, the paper will briefly point out the main data available on migrant integration at the regional level and will put forward some recommendations to enhance regional policies and governance on integration and inclusion. multi-stakeholder and multi-level policy processes involving heterogeneous actors, especially migrant groups. Following the end of a short-term project (SPRINT) to support migrant pupils' language integration, the region of Lower Saxony decided to incorporate the project's modules into a new vocational school's curriculum, making the provision of services systematic. The service includes a full-time Language and Integration Class, where pupils can build on their language, cultural and professional capacities. The programme promotes language competence in young adults with a migration background, yet, in contrast to its predecessor, it also offers part-time classes without age restrictions, broadening the target group by including more diverse groups of newcomers. In the region of Murcia, the General Directorate of Family and Social Policies promotes comprehensive care programmes for vulnerable migrants in small-scale accommodation facilities. For the management of this public service, the Region of Murcia contracted 118 places in different shelters, through collaboration with several social NGOs. This practice provides accommodation and subsistence services to migrants, as well as other services to promote their socioeconomic integration, including the creation of a personalised integration plan. The service is a welfare mechanism designed to temporarily shelter socially vulnerable migrants (with a standard duration of six months, conditionally extendable by another six months), while promoting the development of their social skills.


This research is aimed at analyzing the idiomatic expressions encountered in "The Internship" movie subtitled by Jack and The Wilee. This movie was translated as ideal translation based on Larson's theory and to explain how the idiomatic expressions translation of "The Internship" movie are acceptable or not based on Larson's theory. The object of this study is "The Internship" Movie Subtitle by Jack and the Wilee. In this research, the researcher collected the data by using documentation (library research). Then, there were several steps in procedure of data analysis which was known as Preparing and organizing the data, Coding, and the last steps is Re-presenting the data. According to Larson's table that the researcher used to analyze the translation appropriateness with Larson's Criteria of Ideal Translation, the researcher gets the result that show the translation of idiomatic expressions are acceptable or not with Larson's Criteria. There are three criteria of ideal translation based on Larson's Theory named Accurate (A), Clear (C), and Natural (N). From the total 55 Idiomatic Expression the researcher shows 80% are Ideal-acceptable translation (I-Acc), 11% are Acceptable translation (Acc), 2% are Unacceptable translation (Un-Acc), and 7% are Failed translation (F). Overall, the translation of idiomatic expression by Jackandthewilee is Acceptable


Knowledge of spatio-temporal groundwater recharge (GR) is crucial for optimizing regional water management practices. Daily potential GR at 58 sites over the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) during 1981–2099 was simulated using the HYDRUS-1D and robust model inputs. The objective was to explore the impacts of soil, vegetation, and climate on potential GR at a regional scale. The median potential GR over the CLP during 1981–2010 was 1.8 cm, accounting for 4.1% of the annual precipitation (P). As dominated by P, the annual potential GR decreased from 18.8 cm (28% of P) at the southeast to 0.0 cm at the northwest. Temporally, consistent low-intensity of GR interspersed with extreme rainfall-induced high GR, being episodic or seasonal depending on sites and years. The lag (average of 5months) between deep drainage at 3m depth and rainfall was controlled by climate (i.e., P). From 1981 to 2010, annual potential GR significantly decreased as a result of increased ETp and leaf area index (LAI) over time. A warmer and wetter CLP at the end of this century as predicted by the HadCM3 model may decrease the potential GR because of the increased ETp. This study highlights the dominance of water input factor (P) on the spatial GR and water output factors (ETp and LAI) on the temporal GR. Measures such as water-saving practices and land use optimization should be taken to mitigate climate change effect on groundwater recharge.


The invention relates to a water outlet (1) for a low-pressure sanitary outlet fitting. It is characteristic of the water outlet (1) according to the invention that it has a perforated structure (2) which is air-permeable counter to the water outlet direction and, in the unpressurized state, holds water in the outlet direction and has a plurality of throughflow holes (3), and has at least one bypass (4) which bypasses the perforated structure (2), has an opening cross section which is larger than one of the throughflow holes (3) and has a bypass valve (5) which is movable from a closed position into an open position counter to a resetting force as a consequence of an increase in pressure on the inflow side. If the hot water tank connected upstream of the water outlet fitting increasingly contracts as the heated water therein cools, air can nevertheless be sucked in via the perforated structure (2) and the pressure can be equalized. If, by contrast, there is the risk of excessive pressures building up with the heating of the water in the hot water tank because, for example, the perforated structure (2) is soiled by dirt particles carried along in the water, the bypass (4) and its at least one bypass valve (5) become effective, said bypass valve moving from its closed position into its open position counter to a resetting force as a consequence of said increase in pressure (cf. Figure 1).


Abstract : Open pit burning is a common practice to dispose of solid waste at deployed locations. Pits are ideally located down wind of inhabited areas; however, changes in wind direction may cause personnel exposure to the smoke. This guide provides a general sampling strategy to address these exposures based on possible contaminants of concern. Included are specific ambient air sampling protocols, analysis methodologies, laboratory contacts and sample shipment requirements.


The kinematic Laplacian equation (KLE) method solves the Navier–Stokes equations by means of its vorticity-velocity formulation. This method has been used to calculate the time dependent flow around moving bodies and other fluid dynamic problems with great success.
The KLE computes the time evolution of the vorticity as an ordinary differential equation (ODE) in each node of the discretized space. The input data for the vorticity transport equation at each time step is provided by a modified version of the Poisson linear partial differential equation for the velocity, called KLE Equation.
This paper presents an object oriented implementation based on a general purpose and high performance framework for solving partial differential equations by the finite and spectral element methods. The framework can interact with different high-performance linear algebra libraries, either for dense or sparse matrices.
Different matrix assembly and boundary condition imposition methods were tested as well as two different solvers in order to find the code version with the best performance. The method was validated against a problem with known analytical solution. Scalability tests were performed to study the behavior of the method as the complexity of the problem increases. Results showing the benefits obtained with this implementation are presented.


Abstract Recently, Otto Laske has recommended Charles Seeger's ideas for a music logic as being particularly significant for the purpose of establishing a theoretical base for research in Artificial Intelligence and Music. In this paper, we consider Seeger's essay, "On the Moods of a Music Logic", and attempt to sketch the ideas it contains in a computational context. In order to do so, we propose a minimal set of criteria for music logics and a general method for their construction, inspired by the work of Per Martin‐Lof.


India assumes a significant position in Leather landscape of Asia. India has well proven itself as a potential sourcing destination for Leather and Leather products. Indian Leather industry occupies a place of prominence in the Indian economy in view of its massive potential for employment, growth and exports. Though India is the second largest producer of Footwear and Leather garments in the world, India accounts for a share of close to 3.2% in the global Leather import and hence there is a huge scope to enhance exports and increase the market share. The author believes that an explanation of the challenges faced by Indian Leather Industry in exports of Leather and Leather products would enrich our understanding of complexity in business.


P-aminodiphenylamine O-nitro-p-phenylenediamine Resorcinol P-toluenediamine sulfate Diacetylamino-azotoluol (pellidol) P-amino-azobenzene Disperse orange Disperse yellow ever, a primary sensitization to the azo-dye tartrazine occurring in food and clothes may be the cause of this eruption. Dye additives in food such as tartrazine have been examined especially in cases of urticaria (Michaelsson & Juhlin 1973). In these investigations provocation tests have been performed. However, a positive delayed-type reaction to tartrazine seems to be rare. No positive patch tests to tartrazine were seen in 50 other patients suffering from contact eczema possibly caused by dyes.


In continuation of previous work the isotopic fine structures of polarized lines in the Raman spectra of trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,2‐dichloroethane, methyl chloroform, 1,1,2‐trichloroethane, and 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane have been studied. Observed and computed contours are compared. In the majority of cases the results are according to theoretical expectations based on the number of chlorine atoms in the molecule, and the relative abundance of the two isotopes. The fine structure pattern obtained for the ``trans'' form of 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane is anomalous. It is possible that this anomaly is caused by weak mechanical coupling between the motions of the two —CCl2 groups in this molecule, or by the presence of a weak combination band that distorts the contour. Experimental methods of checking these explanations are discussed.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymalstem stem cells(HUCMSCs) through peripheral veins in treatment of transplantation.MethodsTen patients who had alcoholic cirrhosis received translation of HUCMSCs.The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total bilirubin(TB),prothrombin time(PT) and albumin(ALB) were examined before and after transplantation(1,2,4,8,12 weeks).Simultaneously the improvement of clinic syndrome was also observed after transplantation.ResultsSignificant improvement(P0.05) was found two weeks later.There were significant differences eight weeks and twelve weeks later(P0.01).Twelve weeks after transplantation ascite was reduced obviously in eight patients(eighty percent) and vanished in two patients.Debility and appetite were improved in eight patients(eighty percent) and seven patients(seventy five percent).No patient developed severe complications and adverse reaction associated with transplantation.ConclusionCulture in vitro and extension transplantation of HUCMSCs via peripheral veins is a safe and effective therpy.It can significantly improve the indexes of liver function and clinical symptoms in the patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.It indicated at the same time that it has special effects in the transplantation of HUCMSCs in the patients with alcoholic cirrhosis compare with patients with hepatic cirrhosis after virus hepatitis.


Sprayable oil-in-water emulsions, in particular O / W microemulsions containing inorganic pigments emulsifiers, the lipophilicity is either dependent on the pH or the temperature, and one or more insect repellents.


Salivary gland damnification is one of the most common complication in head and neck cancer radiotherapy.Because of their unique anatomical positions,salivary glands usually receive high irradiation dose.Studies on radiation damage and dysfunction of salivary glands include injury mechanisms,relationship between dosimetrics and volumn changes and secretion,as well as prevention and treatment of damage.

Key words:
Head and neck neoplasm; Salivary glands; Radiation therapy


NASA astronaut Nick Hague, who was forced to abort his recent mission to the International Space Station, is scheduled to launch again Feb. 28, 2019, from the Baikonour Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.


Simulations of Antarctic ozone photochemistry performed using a photochemical model integrated along air parcel trajectories are described. This type of model has a major advantage at high latitudes of being able to simulate correctly the complex interaction between photolysis and temperature fields, which, because of the polar night cannot be represented accurately in a zonally averaged framework. Isentropic air parcel trajectories were computed using Meteorological Office global model analyses and forecast fields from positions along the ER-2 flight paths during the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment in Austral Spring 1987. A photochemical model is integrated along these trajectories using the aircraft observations to initialize constituent concentrations. The model includes additional reactions of the ClO dimer and also bromine reactions, which are thought to play a significant role in Antarctica. The model also includes heterogeneous reactions which are invoked when the air parcel passes through a polar stratospheric cloud (PSC). The existence of a PSC is determined throughout the course of the model integration from the parcel temperature and the saturated vapour pressure of water over an assumed H2O/HNO3 mixture. The air parcel temperature is used to determine the saturated vapor pressure of HNO3 over the same mixture. Mixing ratios which exceed saturation result in condensation of the excess in the model and hence lead to a reduction of the amount of gas phase NO2 available for chemical reaction.


The plant growth stimulator "Ausma" was tested on s trawberries for two growing seasons: in 2003 and 2004. In 2003 it was applied on strawberry plants at the beginning of rooting one time in 0.2 % concentration. Three different strawberry cultiva rs were used `Gerida`, `Jonsok` and `Annelise`. I n this year the growth stimulator did not significant ly influence strawberry plantlet rooting and development, while there was significant difference between the cultivars. In 2004 growth stimulator "Ausma" was applied three times every 10 days in 0. 2 % concentrations. Two strawberry cultivars were used `Kokinskaya Pozdnaya` and `Jonsok`. Gro wth stimulators succeeded strawberry plantlet rooting and development for both cultivars. The gro wth stimulator "Ausma" was applied also on strawberry mother plants propagated in vitro (Mo generation) in 2004, to evaluate the influence on plant growth and runnering. Two strawberry cultivar s were used `Kokinskaya Pozdnaya` and `Zefyr`. Significantly different reactions to the g rowth stimulator were observed. "Ausma" did not influence plant development and runnering of cultiv ar `Zefyr`, while it significantly succeeded leaf growth, runnering and runner development for cultiv ar the `Kokinskaya Pozdnaya`.


The present application relates to payment systems. It proposed providing a payment system which facilitates the payment of very small monetary amounts, making said payment more secure for the user. For this purpose, a payment system for at least one online shop is provided wherein the payment system comprises: - an identification device for recording at least one identification number of a shopper system; - an interface device for receiving and confirming direct debit orders from at least one online shop, wherein the debit orders comprise information relating to a debit amount to be paid to the online shop; - a memory device for storing the direct debit orders in conjunction with the associated identification numbers; - a processing device which is configured to monitor the total of the debit amounts in relation to the identification number and to request a user of the shopper system to register after a predetermined time interval and/or on exceeding a predetermined value of the total payable, in order to settle at least one part of the total payable.


The invention discloses a preparation process of an acid-base compound Magni coating and relates to a metal surface antiseptic treatment process. The preparation process comprises the procedure of pretreatment conducted before coating, preparation of the coating and treatment conducted after coating, wherein the procedure of preparation of the coating comprises the steps of firstly, conducting potassium chloride galvanization on the surface of a workpiece, and then conducting zincate galvanization, wherein the steps of 21, potassium chloride galvanization, 22, washing III, 23, zincate galvanization, 24, washing IV, 25, film removal and 26, washing V are included; the procedure of treatment conducted after coating comprises the steps of 31, ultralow chromium passivation, 32, washing VI and 33, drying. According to the preparation process of the acid-base compound Magni coating, the potassium chloride galvanization process and the zincate galvanization process are combined together, product quality can be well stabilized, production efficiency is greatly improved, production line operation cost is lowered, the coating on the surface of a product prepared through the preparation process is uniform, surface quality is good, the preparation process has the advantages that the coating speed is high, drying can be conducted easily, product defects are few, the service life of the product is prolonged, the ultralow chromium passivation process is adopted, sewage treatment cost is lowered, and the preparation process is easy to use and popularize.


The history of censorship imposed on the press and book publishing in East Germany in 1945-1949 is considered. Information on the censorship legislation, the institutions implementing the censor control, German licensing rules and regulations for publishing houses and the press are provided. It also focuses on the efforts undertaken to purge the German book collections from the impact of the National Socialism.


Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) problems are one of the major challenges IT departments are facing today. At the same time, Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has become the preferred methodology to build complex enterprise applications. Current researches on EAI are mainly focus on different systems integration. We observe that there are some applications in the state-owned monopolies need to be integrated. These applications have similar function but belong to different corporate levels. Similar function is developed repeatedly in different applications or companies. We name these systems Vertical Application System (VAS). In this paper we analyze the Vertical Application System and give its SOA-Based architecture. We also show our practical solutions for service reuse, service migration and service evaluation.


A new interaction that confines the top quark at the electroweak scale is proposed to account for a top quark mass potentially close in value to the electroweak scale.


The magnetic nanoparticles (MNP's) have chemical characteristics of acids or bases of Lewis or Brönsted and they allow their use in various processes, for example, in the biofuels synthesis. Thus, this study aimed to synthesize the MNP's of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 and Ni0.2Cu0.3Zn0.5Fe2O4 to be used as catalysts in the transesterification reaction by methyl and ethyl route. In samples preparing we used the combustion reaction method and characterization by XRD, FTIR and BET. The catalytic reaction was conducted in a high pressure reactor on the conditions: 180°C for 1 hour, oil:alcohol molar ratio 1:12 and 2% of catalyst. The results indicate the formation of spinel inverted phase for the studied samples. In catalytic activity we observed an increase of 85% in conversion when we added Cu+2 to Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 system with conversion of 13.9% by methyl route and 10.8% by ethyl route.


We have reviewed the recent advances in untreated vestibular schwannoma, hearing preservation after treatment, and stereotactic radiosurgery for postoperative tumor remnants. In small (cid:514) and medium (cid:514) sized untreated vestibular schwannomas, the reported incidence of tumor growth varies widely from 17 % to 69 % , probably because of the different definitions for growth. Tumor size at the initial diagnosis, dyse-quilibrium, short (cid:514) term hearing loss, presence of cystic component, and the length of time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis have been reported as risk factors for tumor growth. Tumor growth is observed within 1 (cid:514) 2 years after diagnosis, and frequent follow (cid:514) up magnetic resonance imaging is required in the early stages. Large tumor volume, hearing loss at diagnosis, and high tumor growth rate have been reported as the risk factors for hearing loss during follow (cid:514) up. The risk of future hearing deterioration should be considered at the time of diagnosis. Hearing preservation is achieved in 39 (cid:514) 87 % of the patients with vestibular schwannoma following stereotactic radiosurgery. Good hearing status before treatment is a favorable prognostic factor. Early intervention is required for successful hearing preservation. A large residual tumor volume is a risk factor for postoperative residual tumor growth ; therefore, a planned stereotactic radiosurgery would a reasonable choice.


This paper expands the scope of inquiry into modeling turret industries in two ways: (1) a combination of the screening method and the simultaneous method is described that overcomes the disadvantages of each; (2) differential weights are assigned to the various location factors in determining industrial rankings because the variables that influence location decisions vary across industries. The methodology - in particular the differential weights used to measure the "distances" between a region's resources and industry requirements — should be applicable generally to building target-industry models.


This study aims to study the Earnings management in light of the shift to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) through a field study, which has occurred in Saudi jointstock companies. Through research, I achieved several results, such as: That there is change expected to happen in Earnings management in light of the shift to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) via: Manipulating both the expenditure and revenue in the income statement, The manipulation of the accounts of Balance Sheet Statement, The manipulation of cash flows statement, as well as through the manipulation of reports of the changes in equity statement. The accountants in Saudi Corporations are concerned to shift to IFRS, expecting that the Earnings management is going on; thus, the IFRS had implemented.


We perform a joint analysis of X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect data using an analytic model that describes the gas properties of galaxy clusters. The joint analysis allows the measurement of the cluster gas mass fraction profile and Hubble constant independent of cosmological parameters. Weak cosmological priors are used to calculate the overdensity radius within which the gas mass fractions are reported. Such an analysis can provide direct constraints on the evolution of the cluster gas mass fraction with redshift. We validate the model and the joint analysis on high signal-to-noise data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich Array for two clusters, A2631 and A2204.


The aim of this paper is to give a brief overview of the organisation and functions of entities involved in the provision of social services in the welfare market. Public and private not for profit bodies are involved in planning and collaborating on the provision of the welfare system. In the particular field of social services of general interest, the constant evolution of European law is perceived as a source of uncertainty, given that the focus is on the concept of "economic activity". The European Court of Justice has stated that for a given service to qualify as an economic activity under internal market rules the essential characteristic is that it must be provided for remuneration. The economic nature of a service depends not on the legal status of the service provider (such as a non-profit making body) nor on the nature of the service, but rather on the way a given activity is actually provided, organised and financed. Under EU law, this means that social services can be considered as economic activities to which internal market rules apply, with no regard for the legal status of the provider, which can be a local authority or a 'for-profit' or 'not-for-profit' organisation whereas only a truly charitable organisation would avoid being bound by European law.


A line × tester set was obtained by crossing 3 females (100% pistillate lines) with; 20 diverse males in castor. Sixty F1 along with their parents were evaluated for 10 quantitative characters under north Gujarat conditions. Additive genetic variance predominantly governed the expression of days to flowering, days to maturity, total and effective branches, and 100-seed weight, whereas nonadditive genetic variance chiefly controlled the inheritance of seed yield, plant height, nodes up to primary spike, length of primary spike, and number of capsules on primary spike. Variety VP 1 was a superior female parent for seed yield, total and effective branches, and 100-seed weight. Varieties VH 28/2, J1 16, and J1 21 were good general combiners for seed yield and several yield components, whereas EC 103745 and 1379 were good combiners for earliness and dwarfness. Crosses CNES I × VH 28/2, CNES 1 × 201, JP 58 × GAUCH 1, JP 58 × 2-73-11, JP 58 × J1 16, and VP 1 × EC 103745 exhibited desirable sca effects and can be exploited by further breeding for developing superior genotypes in castor.


One of the cornerstones of macroecological research is theongoing effort to understand large-scale patterns of speciesrichness. These patterns are emergent properties of thedistributional ranges of individual species, as they areformed by the overlap of species ranges in a given area.As such, the sizes of ranges, and the processes controllingtheir geographical location, are key determinants of richnesspatterns. However, a satisfactory link between range sizedistributions, the spatial location of individual ranges, andspecies richness has been slow to emerge.To forge this link, a central part is the role of speciesassociations in determining the composition of species ina defined area. Overlap between species ranges may arisebecause species have similar ecologies (Webb 2000), forhistorical reasons of dispersal (Svenning et al. 2008), ormay simply be random, because ranges are constrained bythe shape of the geographical domain (Colwell and Lees2000, Jetz and Rahbek 2001). However, although speciesinteractions have consistently been shown to affect speciesco-occurrence at local scales (Gotelli and McCabe 2002),the importance of species associations for distributionaloverlap at biogeographical scales remains a central questionfor macroecology (Gotelli et al. 1997, in press).Species' ranges are usually continuous at large scales, andas a consequence, the species richness values of closelylocated sites are not independent. This means that thespatial pattern of species richness cannot be explained byanalyzing sites as a set of independent points in a regression(Legendre 1993). Spatial regression methods solve thestatistical issue of autocorrelation (Rangel et al. 2006),but a simplistic use of these statistics risks missing the mainpoint. Spatial patterning is not a statistical issue it is aninherent quality of biogeographical data (Rahbek andGraves 2000, Diniz-Filho et al. 2003). In the light ofthis, recent attention has focused on developing conceptualand analytical tools for macroecological analysis that dealexplicitly with species' ranges.One important advance is the concept of the ''dispersionfield'', developed by Graves and Rahbek (2005). Thedispersion field is the set of geographical ranges of allspecies that occur in a given site. Just as the continentalspecies richness pattern is created by the overlap of allspecies in a continent, the dispersion field can be visualizedas the pattern created by overlapping the ranges of allspecies occurring in a given cell (Fig. 1). These dispersionfields have striking geometric shapes, and have a number ofpromising applications.First, it has been argued that the geometric shape ofdispersal fields are an approximation to the regional speciessource pool (Graves and Rahbek 2005). The source poolplays a key role in theories of community assembly, butthe concept has been consistently difficult to pin down(Gotelli and Graves 1996). Even more importantly,dispersion fields visualize the species associations thatcreate richness patterns. Hence, they provide an opportu-nity for more stringent tests of ecological hypotheses forspecies richness than standard regression methods. Agrowing research paradigm in macroecology is to replacecurve-fitting methods with mechanistic models of rangeplacement (Rahbek et al. 2007, Rangel et al. 2007, Gotelliet al. 2009). Such models also generate predictions on thestructure of dispersion fields. Comparing both richnesspatterns and dispersion fields to modeled patterns thusconstitutes an opportunity for validation of these modelsat two hierarchical levels, a standard for pattern-orientedmodeling (Grimm et al. 2005).A promising approach for investigating the linkbetween range sizes and richness patterns has recentlybeen developed by Arita et al. (2008). This approach isbased on dispersion fields, and starts with the presenceabsence matrix of sites versus species. In this matrix, thecolumns are sites, rows are species, and the matrixelements represent the presence (1) or absence (0) ofa given species in a particular site (Gotelli 2000). Thestrength of the presence absence matrix is that it com-bines information on species richness (which are thecolumn sums), range sizes (which are the row sums),and the co-occurrence of species (which can be mea-sured by the degree of co-variance in the matrix). How-ever, the presence absence matrix is not easy to visualizegraphically.


Background: Since earlier identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-colonized patients could be helpful for reducing the overall frequency of S.aureus infections, the investigation of persons colonized with MRSA is considered to be a key component of MRSA infection prevention programs, particularly among ICU patients. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of nasal and extra-nasal carriers of MRSA and risk factors associated with MRSA colonization among adult patients admitted to the ICU. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 164 adult patients who were admitted to the ICU of a teaching hospital were screened for nasal and extra-nasal carriage of MRSA. In addition, the ICU-hospitalized patients were evaluated for MRSA acquisition during their ICU stay. Results: Out of the 164 patients admitted to the ICU, 12 (7.3%) patients were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) carriers, and 12 (7.3%) patients carried MRSA. Four (16.6%) patients were colonized at single or multiple extra-nasal sites based on neg- ative nares screening. Of the 15 remaining patients hospitalized at the ICU, one (6.7%) patient acquired MRSA. The patients colonized with MRSA had more advanced ages (P = 0.008), longer hospital stays before being transferred to the ICU (P > 0.001), more under- lying diseases with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (P = 0.028), and had undergone surgery (P = 0.003). Patients transferred from the surgical wards to the ICU were found to have significantly higher carriage rates of MRSA (P = 0.041). Conclusions: The prevalence of MRSA colonization upon ICU admission at our hospital was relatively high, and routine MRSA screening is suggested, especially for patients who have certain risk factors. In addition, extra-nasal MRSA screenings upon ICU admission will help in the early detection of MRSA.


The paper describes an investigation undertaken to derive data on which to base estimates of the telegraph performance to be expected over tropospheric-scatter radio links. H. B. Law has shown how the telegraph error rate depends on the signal/noise ratio at the input to the telegraph equipment for the case of a steady signal, and also for the case of one subject to Rayleigh fading. As the signal received over a tropospheric-scatter link has a short-term amplitude distribution following the Rayleigh law, it might be expected that Law's results could be applied directly. The problem is complicated, however, by the fact that most operational scatter links employ frequency modulation of the radio carrier, with the result that the receiver exhibits threshold effects. When the fading signal falls below the receiver threshold, which it may frequently do, the output signal/noise ratio is no longer linearly dependent on the input carrier/noise ratio. It is shown, however, that, if the output/input characteristic of the radio receiver is known, the telegraph error rate can still be calculated in terms of the mean carrier/noise ratio. An empirical law for the output/input characteristic of an f.m. radio receiver is proposed, and, using this law, the telegraph performance of circuits carried by tropospheric-scatter links is then calculated for the cases of non-diversity and dual and quadruple selector-type diversity receiving systems. It was considered desirable to make experimental checks, and an analogue method was employed in which the effects of the radio path were recorded and used to operate a fading machine, so as to reproduce, in the laboratory, the conditions which had existed over an actual radio path. A comparison is made of predicted values of telegraph error rate with experimental results obtained using the fading machine.


Presentation of Case A sixty-seven-year-old man entered this hospital for the first time because of difficulty in breathing. Twenty-one and again sixteen years before admission the patient had attacks of nephrolithiasis that were characterized by dysuria and "gravel" in the urine; on each occasion a ureterolithotomy was performed, one on each side. After the second operation there were no chills, fever or dysuria, but intermittent, aching mid-line low-back pain and slowing and hesitancy of the urinary stream developed several years before entry. Eleven years before admission a portion of the small intestine was resected because of regional enteritis, and a . . .


In a previous paper (Rayleigh 1936), comparative studies were made of the passage of helium through various kinds of glass at the ordinary temperature. Silica glass, pyrex glass, and boron trioxide glass all allow helium to pass through. Ordinary soda glass or flint glass do not pass measurable quantities of helium unless the temperature is raised. Tests were made at the ordinary temperature on various single crystals, including quartz, mica, beryl, and some others. No passage of helium could be detected.


False smut of rice has recently emerged as an important disease of rice in Arkansas. In 2011, 2012, and 2013, sori of a white smut were observed in two rice fields in eastern Arkansas. Since white false smut is relatively new and still very uncommon in Arkansas, we examined the virulence of one of the isolates of white smut that we had collected to four current or previously important mediumand long-grain rice cultivars in greenhouse tests. These cultivars had appeared to differ in susceptibility to green smut in repeated field tests. Repeated experiments were designed and conducted in a greenhouse to measure three disease components including infection efficiency, sporulation, and latent period. Our results indicate that although the white isolate of false smut is virulent to the four rice cultivars in greenhouse tests, there are differences in the reaction of the cultivars to this isolate. Infection efficiency, measured as the ratio of infected to inoculated panicles, varied by cultivar and panicle developmental stage while sporulation, measured as the number of sori produced per panicle, varied among the cultivars. In repeated tests, Roy J appeared to be highly susceptible to the white isolate with an average infection efficiency rating of 0.49 and an average of 3.7 sori per infected panicle. On the other hand, Jupiter appeared to be the most resistant of the four cultivars tested, with an average infection efficiency of 0.06 and an average of 2.0 sori per panicle. The long-grain cultivar Katy had an infection efficiency rating of 0.24 and an average of 4.2 sori per panicle. The data confirm our previous report that the white isolate used in the tests is virulent to rice grown in Arkansas; but, the data also show that the procedures used to evaluate the virulence of the white isolate may provide a mechanism to identify differences among cultivars for resistance to this and other isolates of this pathogen. AAES Research Series 626


Choice of the desired closed-loop polynomial plays an important role in pole assignment adaptive controller design, but it is difficult to specify a 'good' closed-loop polynomial before the process is known. This paper suggests the desired closed-loop polynomial to be chosen as a function of the identified model so that the gain of the adaptive controller becomes 'controllable' by the designer. Simulation examples are used to show that the proposed strategy has advantages over the conventionally fixed closed-loop polynomial in both design procedure and performance achievement.


Biofilm-associated proteins (BAPs) are important for early biofilm formation (adhesion) by bacteria and are also found in mature biofilms. BapA from Salmonella is a ~386-kDa surface protein, comprising 27 tandem repeats predicted to be bacterial Ig-like (BIg) domains. Such tandem repeats are conserved for BAPs across different bacterial species, but the function of these domains is not completely understood. In this work, we report the first study of the mechanical stability of the BapA protein. Using magnetic tweezers, we show that the folding of BapA BIg domains requires calcium binding and the folded domains have differential mechanical stabilities. Importantly, we identify that N100 nM concentration of calcium is needed for folding of the BIg domains, and the stability of the folded BIg domains is regulated by calcium over a wide concentration range from sub-micromolar (μM) to millimolar (mM). Only at mM calcium concentrations, as found in the extracellular environment, do the BIg domains have the saturated mechanical stability. BapA has been suggested to be involved in Salmonella invasion, and it is likely a crucial mechanical component of biofilms. Therefore, our results provide new insights into the potential roles of BapA as a structural maintenance component of Salmonella biofilm and also Salmonella invasion. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


We introduce a spectral collocation method for the discretization of the shallow water equations on a one dimensional semi-infinite domain, employing suitably rescaled Laguerre basis functions to obtain an accurate
description of the solutions on finite regions of arbitrary size. The time discretization is based on a semi-implicit, semi-Lagrangian approach that allows to handle the highly inhomogeneous node distribution without loss of efficiency. The method is first validated on standard test cases and then applied to the implementation of absorbing open boundary conditions by coupling the semi-infinite domain to a finite size domain on which the same equations are discretized by standard finite volume methods. Numerical
experiments show that the proposed approach does not produce significant spurious reflections at the interface between the finite and infinite domain, thus providing a reliable tool for absorbing boundary conditions.


Note: Proc. 18th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Sorrento, Italy, 4-10 October 2000, IAEA-CN-77 (OV5/1), p. 37 (2000) Reference CRPP-CONF-2000-087 Record created on 2008-05-13, modified on 2017-05-12


MEWALDT, L. R. 1964a. Effects of bird removal on a winter population of sparrows. Bird-Banding 35:184-195. ---. 1964b. California sparrows return from displacement to Maryland. Science 146:941-942. NILES, D. M., S. A. ROHWER, J. A. JACKSON, AND J. D. ROBINS. 1969. An observation of midwinter nocturnal movement and tower mortality of tree sparrows. Bird-Banding 40:322-323. ROHWER, S. 1975. The social significance of avian winter plumage variability. Evolution 29:593610. ---. 1977. Status signaling in Harris sparrows; some experiments in deception. Behaviour 61:107-129. ROHWER, S., S. D. FRETWELL, AND R. C. TUCKFIELD. 1976. Distress screams as a measure of kinship in birds. Amer. MidI. Natur. 96:418--430. ROHWER, S., AND F. C. ROHWER. 1978. Status signaling in Harris sparrows: Experimental deceptions achieved. Animal Behav. (in press).

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Abbreviations: Ab/Abs: Antibody/Antibodies; CD19: Cluster of Differentiation antigen associated with B-lymphocyte Antigen; CD4: Cluster of Differentiation glycoprotein on the surface of e.g., helper T cells; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid; EGF/r3: Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor; Fc: "Fragment crystallizable" of the Ab molecule; FcRn: The neonatal Fc receptor; IgG1: Immunoglobulin G1; mAb: Monoclonal Antibody; PBPK: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic; PD: Pharmacodynamic; PK: Pharmacokinetic; RNA: Ribonucleic Acid


More than 14,000 doves were banded in the summers of 1968-1973 in western Oklahoma. Research objectives included determining hatching dates, post-fledging mortality, distribution of harvest, migration routes, and wintering locations. Hatching occurred from early April to late August in most years and the peak typically occurred in June. Forty to 45% of the recovered bands were being reported. Thirty-three percent of all reported recoveries occurred in Oklahoma, 42% in Texas, and 19% in Mexico. Central Mexico appeared to be the principal wintering area. The average annual mortality was 47.5%. Hunter-related mortality (harvest and associated crippling loss) averaged 5.4% of the population and 11.4% of total mortality.


The solid-state structures of alkali-metal salt complexes of crown ether tetra- and hexa-carboxylic acids (18C6A4 and 18C6A6) have been determined. The sodium salt of 18C6A6 crystallizes as the tri...


Intestinal tissues obtained from coronavirus-infected embryos and turkeys were examined by fluorescent antibody tissue section technique (FAT). Evidence of viral antigen was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the intestinal epithelial cells covering the villi. Embryo intestines that were examined from 24 to 96 hours after inoculation were positive for immunofluorescence (IF), whereas bursa of Fabricius was negative. Poults hatched from infected embryos were examined at 2 days of age and were positive for IF. Coronaviral antigen was detected by FAT in the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells of the jejunum, ileum, duodenum, and cecum in all turkeys that were examined from 24 hours to 28 days.


Objective To develop fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(FQ RT PCR) for the measurement of prostate specific antigen(PSA) mRNA in peripheral blood of prostate carcinoma using the Taqman detection system Methods A pair of primers were designed to amplify a fragment of 145 bp between exon2 and exon3, A TaqMan probe modified with 6 Fam at 5' end and Tamra at its 3' end was designed, then, the detection system was developed The PCR product was cloned and sequenced with Beckman CEQ8000; Blood samples were collected from 10 patients with prostate carcinoma and from 5 female and male health controls respectively, the circulating prostate derived cells were isolated by the density gradient separation and PSAmRNA was measured Results The quantitative assay was developed using an external standard reference curve generated from the human prostate cell line LNCap, The assay's minimum limit was 5 cells/ml, the linear range was from 5 to 10 8cells/ml, the CV value is 9 5%~14 3% and 15 2%~20 1% respectively in intra and inter assay, the PCR product was specific for PSAmRNA sequence, PSAmRNA was detected from 8~10 4 cells/ml in patients with prostate carcinoma and not detected in healthy controls Conclusions The fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the measurement of PSAmRNA was sensitive, specific and reliable procedure Circulating PSAmRNA is a promising marker for the detection and follow up of these patients


The purposes of this research were 1) to study the correlation of a causal relationship model of accessing academic positions of lecturers in Buddhist universities, and 2) to validate and propose a causal relationship model of accessing academic positions of lecturers in Buddhist universities. Mixed methods research using the quantitative research to extend the qualitative research results was used for research design. Key informants were 6 experts of position specification standards, human resource development, and Buddhist studies and they were selected by purposive sampling. For quantitative research, simple random sampling was used and there were 370 samples. Research tools were guideline for interview and questionnaires. Qualitative data were analyzed by using content analysis and analytic induction whereas quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and correlation with computer package program. Validation analysis of the causal model and the analysis of direct and indirect effects were used LISREL. Results indicated that 1) the correlation between variables was different from zero at .01 significant level, and there were 105 pairs. Rank of correlation coefficient was between 0.377 to 0.819. The correlation between observed variables showed that all variables were correlated at .01 significant level. 2) A causal relationship model of accessing academic positions of lecturers in Buddhist universities showed that model fit with empirical data ( = 35.09, df = 20, p = .05, GFI = .99, AGFI = .93, RMSEA = .038), accounting for the variations in academic personnel in Thailand 4.0, Buddhist universities equal 100 percent. Two mediators were found consisted of motivation and Buddhist attribute that showed analysis result of indirect effect was higher than direct effect. It can be interpreted that a causal relationship model of accessing academic positions of lecturers in Buddhist universities have motivation and Buddhist attribute as mediators.


In evaluation of unsteady heat and pollutant diffusion, or wind resistance design of buildings and structures in cities, large eddy simulation (LES) is one of the best appropriate numerical techniques for prediction of the wind flow and transport phenomena. Especially it is important to capture the near-ground flow field within the urban canopy layers. Wind engineering researchers carried out a few cases of LES for wind flows over actual urban districts and obtained the unsteady flows affected by the surrounding buildings and adjacent ground shapes. However, in order to reproduce the flow field in the urban canopy, not only the local effect by surrounding detailed geometry but also the long-ranged effect based on the developing atmospheric boundary layer should be considered.


Acaciella angustissima (syn. Acacia angustissima) (white ball acacia) and Aeschynomene paniculata Willd. ex Vogel (pannicle joint vetch), were rejected for release after their identification as potential weeds in pasture evaluation trials. These plants are now targeted for control and, where possible, eradication from old experimental sites across Queensland. It is suspected that domestic livestock, feral and native animals contribute to the movement of these seeds through the ingestion and defecation of viable seeds across the landscape. This aspect was explored by feeding the intact seeds of these two
species to sheep in metabolism cages. Sheep faeces were collected each day for 5 days after which time the faeces were sieved and the surviving intact seeds were then collected, counted and germination tests undertaken. The results show that seeds of both species pass through sheep with most seeds being passed after 48 h with a percentage of these seeds being viable. Of the number of seeds fed, 4.25% were recovered for A. angustissima and 1.4% for A. paniculata. Seed recovered from the faeces had 0% and 13% germination for A. angustissima and A. paniculata respectively, but with additional post-digestion hot water scarification germination increased to 75% and 33% for A. angustissima and A. paniculata respectively. This paper
discusses these results and the implications for the
possible spread of these species across the northern
Australian landscape.


Low-temperature mobilities for two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) formed in tensile-strained Si/SiGe heterostructures are reported, with values up to for a density of electrons. The strained layers were grown at in a ultra-high-vacuum chemical vapour deposition system using and operating at around 20 Pa. The surface morphology of the layers is also discussed and both the mobility and morphology are linked to the quality of the virtual substrates. The virtual substrate consists of strain-relaxed SiGe alloys grown on Si(001) substrates; we show that it is preferable to grow these substrates at higher temperatures and higher growth rates. For low growth rates and temperatures the 2DEG mobility as a function of sheet carrier density was found to be degraded.


Speciation studies of selenium and arsenic by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography , employing hydride generation and induc-tively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection Different forms of metals and metalloids have varying degrees of toxicity in biological systems. Because of this, there has been an increase in the research focused on the speciation of metals at trace levels. Plasma mass spec-trometric detection of hydride species has been established as a viable technique for the determination of these species at trace levels. One problem with the determination of arsenic by plasma mass spectrometry is the possibility of interference from the formation of ArC1+. Since many naturally occurring samples contain chloride, direct nebulization of the sample will introduce chloride to the plasma. A possible solution to this problem is the use of hydride generation to convert the arsenic to a volatile form coupled with separation from the chloride using a membrane gas liquid separator of the type used previously. The effectiveness of using hydride generation and the membrane separator in reducing the ArC1 + interference on the detection of arsenic was presented. A high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of several arsenic and selenium species demonstrate the simultaneous detection and speciation of these two elements using hydride generation to increase the sensitivity. Figures of merit were discussed, along with the pertinent experimental details. Addition of molecular gases to Ar gas flow for the reduction of polyatomic ion interferences on arsenic and selenium in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Due to its sensitivity and multi-element capability, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) has developed into a very powerful technique for the determination of trace elements. However, the choice of hydrochloric acid for sample dissolution, or a high concentration of chloride in sample, makes it almost impossible to determine arsenic or selenium because of interferences caused by 75ArCl+ on 75As+, 76ArAr + on 76Se+, 77ArCl+ on 77Se+ and 78ArAr + on 78Se. Different methods, such as co-precipitation of chlorides, chromatographic de-salting, alternative sample preparation procedures and addition of molecular gases to the central channel Ar gas flow have been used to overcome these polyatomic interferences. In this study, the effects of addition of molecular gases such as nitrogen to the central channel, the coolant and the auxiliary flows have been investigated. A standard reference material and real fusion samples containing a high concentration ofHCL have been studied. The effects of the addition of molecular gases to Ar flows …


A NURSE-LED smoking cessation scheme that targets schoolchildren is celebrating its success. Of the 160 young people to use the service, 29 per cent have given up and 56 per cent cut down the number of cigarettes they smoke significantly.


We have reached an impasse. Capitalism as we know it is coming apart at the seams. But as financial institutions stagger and crumble, there is no obvious alternative. Organized resistance is scattered and incoherent. The global justice movement is a shadow of its former self. For the simple reason that it's impossible to maintain perpetual growth on a finite planet, it's possible that in a generation or so capitalism will no longer exist. Faced with this prospect, people's knee-jerk reaction is often fear. They cling to capitalism because they can't imagine a better alternative. (Graber, 2009)


TiO2 NPs powder (titanium oxide nanoparticles powder) is synthesized via anodization in 0.7 M HClO4 is annealed in N2 at 450°C for 3 hrs to obtain the TiO2 NPs -N2 powder as catalyst support to which Au is loaded via photodeposition technique using tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and isopropanol as a sacrificial donor. The physicochemical characterizations of TiO2 NPs arrays powder were performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM image suggested that Au nanoparticles were circular and there was a tendency of agglomerations. The electro-catalytic activity of Au NPs/TiO2-NTs-N2 catalysts in ferrocyanide system , KOH ,and H2SO4 electro-oxidation was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and contrasted with a financially accessible polycrystalline gold electrode. Au-TiO2 NPs-N2 powder electrode catalyst displays a strikingly high electrocatalytic activity in KOH and H2SO4 solutions. The results indicate Au NPs/TiO2-NTs-N2 catalysts as a promising support material improve the excellent electro-catalytic activity for acidic and basic oxidation.


Networks today are pervasive and numerous. They are accessed using a variety of client devices such as traditional laptop and desktop computers, phones, tablets, music players, and video game consoles. Networks may contain many categories of services, of which an increasingly common one is the network attached peripheral device. Network attached peripheral devices, such as printers, fax machines, and video projectors, are available to client devices that have installed and configured the associated device driver software. Practically, this means that network attached peripheral devices are hidden from or unavailable to client devices until a user performs the manual discovery of the network attached peripheral device and the installation of the requisite device driver software. This paper presents a system architecture that allows for the automatic discovery and installation of network attached peripheral devices with no user intervention.


According to the character of mesh topology and character of the different types of mesh nodes,the multi-hop wireless mesh network was modeled as clustered P2P.Moreover,in order to save the message bandwidth,the Bloom filter as the message to represent the resource list abstract was used,and the message was transmitted among the constructed P2P clusters.To minimize the downloading interruption due to mobility of clients,a resource-density-sensitive resource query and dissemination algorithm in which the query was transmitted to the cluster that had the maximum number of replica resources was proposed.The simulation results show that the proposed resource query and distribution algorithm can provide appealing resource downloading performance.


The issues regarding the funding mechanisms of higher education, their application and efficiency have recently become topical in many countries worldwide. Mobilization and efficient use of resources in higher education policy are the priority patterns all over the world. Society is trying to find answers to the questions considering the state participation in higher education funding. How to determine the impact of the state participation and levels of state regarding higher education funding? Is centralized planning necessary for higher education: does the state or consumers of educational services allocate financial resources at universities? There is an opinion that a consumer group has an effective financial tool for resource allocation. Another significant question is whether a person is able to choose the educational 'product', which corresponds to the needs of economics. What should an effective student loan system be like? Should the future students' loan repayments depend on students' future incomes? This study provides information on the global higher education funding trends and opportunities, looking for the answers to the issues mentioned above.


(Note: With the exception of the correction of typographical or spelling errors that could be a source of ambiguity, letters and reports are not edited. The original formatting of letters and referee reports may not be reflected in this compilation.) Thank you for the submission of your research manuscript to our editorial offices and your patience while we were conducting the peer review. We have now received the three enclosed reports on it. Since the detailed reports are pasted below I would prefer only to repeat the main points here. For example, referee 2 stressed that it would be important to test whether full-length sAPP can interact with and regulate ferroportin in the proposed way too, and both reviewers 1 and 3, upon further discussion with the editor, agree that this analysis should be performed. Both referees 1 and 2 also


Our message is oxidation process must be minimized as possible. Many carbon-related defect structures are reported in SiC/SiO2 interface. In this paper, we investigated the effect of oxidation to the defect forming by density functional theory (DFT). In the result, we found carbon defect structure that completely different from in the present report. This defect structure has carbon-carbon single bond with no dangling bond. To see the forming process, compressive strain from inserted oxygen atoms induce the rearrangement of structure and cause C-C defect structure. We can know that this structure is formed with energy gain about 3.8eV. And this C-C defect induces trap state under the conduction bottoms.


Epidemiologic and animal studies have demonstrated that carotenoid-rich diets are associated with a number of health benefits (1). The potential health benefits of carotenoids, such as their ability to act as antioxidants, immunoenhancers and inhibitors of premalignant lesions, (2) have stimulated investigators' interest. One of the most biologically plausible roles for carotenoids is the potential effect of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin for protection of the macula from degeneration (3,4). These possible health benefits seem to relate to the unique geometry of carotenoids. Carotenoids are nonpolar compounds, which are divided into two subclasses, i.e., more polar compounds called xanthophylls, or oxycarotenoids, and the nonpolar hydrocarbon carotenes. Both classes have at least nine conjugated double bonds, which absorb specific wavelengths of visible light and thus provide carotenoids their characteristic colors. At the end of the polyene chain, at least one unsubstituted B-ionone ring must be present to have provitamin A activity (5). Xanthophylls have ring structures at the end of the conjugated double-bond chain with polar functions, such as hydroxyl or keto groups (6). Examples of xanthophylls include lutein, zeaxanthin, capsanthin, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, echionine and -cryptoxanthin. Small quantities of monoand diester forms of lutein and zeaxanthin have been identified in foods (7), and some dietary lutein supplements are sold in the diester form. Papaya, peaches, prunes and squash all contain lutein diesters, whereas squash also contains lutein monoesters and peaches also contain zeaxanthin diesters (7). When fed at physiologic levels, monoor diester forms must be deesterified before lutein or zeaxanthin absorption. Hydrocarbon carotenes include -carotene, -carotene, -carotene and lycopene. (See Fig. 1.) Due to the large vitamin A–deficient population throughout the world, most carotenoid research has focused on hydrocarbon carotenes, particularly the provitamin A carotenes. In recent years, the focus has shifted to other carotenoids, particularly the oxycarotenoids (2). Xanthophylls of current interest include lutein, zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin have been the primary focus because they are found specifically sequestered in the macula of the eye. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that lutein and zeaxanthin may also play a role in the prevention of epithelial cancers (8), cataract and other blinding disorders. Canthaxanthin has been used as a food-coloring agent and as part of tanning tablets (9). The focus of this paper will be to review the current research on the bioavailability of xanthophylls with particular attention to the differential absorption of food and supplemental sources of xanthophylls. Although there is strong evidence to show that carotenoids have limited or poor absorption from foods, many supplemental forms of carotenoids prove to have higher bioavailability. Deming and Erdman (10) recently reviewed the factors affecting the bioavailability of carotenes.


Using the self-consistent Hartree{Fock approximation for spinless electrons at zero temperature, we study tunneling of the interacting electron gas through a single ‐ barrier in a flnite one-dimensional wire connected to contacts. Our results exhibit features known from correlated many-body models. In particular, the conductance decays with the wire length as / L i2fi , where the power fi is universal. We also show that a similar result for a wire conductance can be extracted from the persistent current (I) through the ‐ barrier in a one-dimensional ring, where it is known that I / L i1ifi . PACS numbers: 73.23.{b, 73.61.Ey


The study of electrocardiograph signals (ECG) in the time or in the frequency domain taken separately doesn't allow the detection of arrhythmia and late potentials. But, the study of ECG in the time/frequency domain gives to the physician more information and provides him with a tool for diagnosis specially for cardiac late potential. For nongaussian signal, the application of second order statistic remains inefficient. In this communication, we show that the application of the second and third order Wigner-Ville transformation for ECG signals can be applied for the detection of cardiac late potentials.


Venous flow‐through flaps are well‐described options for small defects where donor site morbidity is undesirable or in areas where useful local veins are in close proximity to the defect, particularly in the extremities. However, higher rates of flap loss have limited their utility. The saphenous venous flap in particular has been widely sought as a useful flap, and while arterialization of this flap improved survival rates, congestion has remained a limiting feature. We describe report a modification in the design of saphenous venous flaps, whereby an arterialized flap is provided with a separate source of venous drainage, and demonstrate survival of substantially larger venous flaps than previously reported.


Bridge rails are designed according to AASHTO standards with a static 10-kip (44.5 kN) lateral load. The computer programs BARRIER VII and COSMOS are used to determine the deflections and bending moments for four vehicular impact conditions. The appropriateness of using the 10-kip (44.5 kN) static load method and newly developed polynomial forcing functions is presented.


The paper introduces the foundation pit engineering in Wuhan by using the double-row piles supporting and the corner brace with the row piles supporting,draws a conclusion that the deformation control of the foundation pit of the engineering achieves the expected aim,points out that the support form is safe and reliable,economic and reasonable,the support form can effectively control the deformation of the foundation pit and has little effect on the foundation pit excavation and the underground structure construction.


Determination of wind turbine loads, especially fatigue loads has become more and more extensive over the past years. Whereas fatigue load spectra were derived from mean load values of single load cases years ago, it is common practice nowadays to perform complete numerical simulations considering aero-elastic structures and threedimensional turbulent wind fields. The so derived fatigue loads are the basis for the fatigue analysis of all dynamically-cyclic loaded wind turbine structures. It is still common practice to reduce the data amount of fatigue loads before starting the fatigue analysis. The result of this are rainflow counted load spectra where essential information about load phase relations, mean values, frequency, etc. are lost. Assumptions are necessary to account for this. A local notch strain approach will be presented using the load time series. This will be compared with the nominal stress approach and application of load spectra. Physical influence and consideration of practical aspects related to cast components like cast quality grade, surface roughness, size effect, etc. will be discussed.


The heterogeneous networks belonging to different service providers form a coalition system for maximizing the profit, where they may either compete or cooperate with each other. In this paper, we introduce the Lokta–Volterra model, a differential dynamics model, to build the competitive and cooperative mechanisms of heterogeneous networks. It considers the natural growth rate of the network itself and competitive and cooperative effects among networks. Then, according to the ordinary differential principle, the stability of the proposed model and its equilibrium points are analyzed. And finally, system performances are evaluated by Vensim that is used for developing, analyzing, and packaging dynamic feedback models. Analysis and simulation results show that the natural growth rate of the network cannot increase its profit, but effective cooperative mechanism among heterogeneous networks can increase the profit of each network. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective To determine whether the introducer curving technique is useful in decreasing the degree of tilting of transfemoral Tulip filters. Materials and Methods The study sample group consisted of 108 patients with deep vein thrombosis who were enrolled and planned to undergo thrombolysis, and who accepted transfemoral Tulip filter insertion procedure. The patients were randomly divided into Group C and Group T. The introducer curving technique was Adopted in Group T. The post-implantation filter tilting angle (ACF) was measured in an anteroposterior projection. The retrieval hook adhering to the vascular wall was measured via tangential cavogram during retrieval. Results The overall average ACF was 5.8 ± 4.14 degrees. In Group C, the average ACF was 7.1 ± 4.52 degrees. In Group T, the average ACF was 4.4 ± 3.20 degrees. The groups displayed a statistically significant difference (t = 3.573, p = 0.001) in ACF. Additionally, the difference of ACF between the left and right approaches turned out to be statistically significant (7.1 ± 4.59 vs. 5.1 ± 3.82, t = 2.301, p = 0.023). The proportion of severe tilt (ACF ≥ 10°) in Group T was significantly lower than that in Group C (9.3% vs. 24.1%, χ2 = 4.267, p = 0.039). Between the groups, the difference in the rate of the retrieval hook adhering to the vascular wall was also statistically significant (2.9% vs. 24.2%, χ2 = 5.030, p = 0.025). Conclusion The introducer curving technique appears to minimize the incidence and extent of transfemoral Tulip filter tilting.


Unmanned surface vehicles (USV) have become an intense research area because of their extensive applications. Marine radar is the most important environmental perception sensor for USV. Aiming at the problems of noise jamming, uneven brightness, target lost in marine radar images, and the high-speed USV to the requirement of real-time and reliability, this paper proposes the radar image target detection algorithms which suitable for embedded marine radar target detection system. The smoothing algorithm can adaptive select filter in noise, border and background areas, improves the efficiency and smoothing effect. Based on the iterative threshold, the tolerance coefficient is selected by the histogram, ensures the robust of segmentation algorithm. The location, area and invariant moments features can be extracted from the radar image which after connected-component labeling. The actual radar image processing results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.


According to the new characteristics of high education, a development model of elementary laboratory was presented. That is specialists taking command, subjects supporting, humanism to be executed, teaching and research being combined, and running a school by both colleges and enterprises. This model is applied to the reformation and constructions of the mechanics laboratory of Shanghai University, and good results were achieved.


The Spanish magazine of pedagogy is edited since 1995 by the European Educational Initiative Institute; it publishes three times a year, a volume. The magazine publishes papers of authors from any part of the world that accomplish the standards of publication, provided that they meet the scientific requirements to classify for publication. The submissions must be sent to Jose Antonio Ibanez Martin, street Vitruvio, 8, 28006 Madrid, Spain, for more information on summaries, previous numbers and subscription you can consult the webpage http://revistadepedagogia.org Some papers published in this number are: Learning focuses in proficient university students and average university students. Primary sources for the study of the nature, image and counterpoints of the school teacher. Programs for the curricular diversity and programs for the initial professional qualification: An alternative or a failure? The punishment in response to the school indiscipline: Judicial- administrative aspects. Electronic tutorship in higher education: The experience of use at Murcia's University.  How do we teach the linguistic notation and mathematics? : A triple focus: Epistemic, interdisciplinary and socio-cultural. Sources and processes of teaching- learning in the university context.


A 52-year-old woman developed extensive, generalized papule and atrophic plaque on her trunk and upper extremity for 16 years. Histopathologic examination of the lesion consist of thin epidermis, perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes with vascular ectasia in the papillary dermis, abnormal arrangement and partly broken of collagen fiber. Elastic fibers staining showed that elastic fibers was obviously decreased and broken. Primary macular atrophy was ascertained.


The article presents the results of experiments on the study of aerodynamic characteristics of various models of sail-type wind turbines under different flow conditions. The description of procedure of testing and measurement of aerodynamic forces is presented. The authors obtained thrust and drag forces graphs at different rates and angles of attack of the air flow. They defined the dependence of head drag and thrust forces coefficients when Reynolds number changed. The results of the comparative analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics of three models of sail-type wind turbine are presented.


ABSTRACT The utilization of Zhundong (ZD) coal has been limited by its high sodium content. In the paper, the effect of particle size on the distribution of the sodium contained in the coal and the sodium removal from the coal was addressed. The results indicate that the water-soluble sodium content and insoluble sodium content increased and the acid-soluble sodium decreased with increasing particle size. The occurrence modes of the sodium contained correlate closely to the properties of ZD coal. The water-soluble sodium and water-soluble chlorine contained in ZD coal may exist in the form of sodium chloride. Due to the competitive effects between adsorbing capability of the leachate and the diffusing capability of sodium ion, the removal sodium rate increases first and then decreases with increasing particle size.


Animals produce a variety of call sequences, from simple repetitions of the same acoustic unit to the combination of different, meaningful acoustic units resulting in a new meaning. On the example of several highly vocal mongoose species, including meerkats (Suricata suricatta), and banded mongoose (Mungos mungo) I identify the composition of different acoustic combinations and relate them to their function and meaning. I discuss this in regards to the underlying cognitive mechanisms and the differences and similarities in relation to other combinatorial communication systems in birds, but particularly shown for primates, and also to human language.


Collective intelligence is shared (or group) intelligence that emerges when aggregating the collective efforts of many individuals (Woolley et al., 2010). The success of collective intelligence (CI) systems rely heavily on the effectiveness of the aggregation mechanism (Surowiecki, 2005). Individuals may contribute a simple data element (for instance, a number representing an estimated or predicted value), whereas the aggregation mechanisms is quite simple (group's statistical average, voting, or a prediction market); alternatively, some CI systems require individuals to contribute much more complex knowledge (for example when posting content to Wikipedia or when reporting a sightseeing to a citizen science environmental monitoring system (Bonney et al., 2009)), requiring more sophisticated aggregation mechanisms (Lévy and Bonomo, 1999). The focus of the current investigation are those CI systems that require the contribution of rich (often multi-dimensional) knowledge elements and therefore must employ complex aggregation mechanisms, often acting as a sociotechnical system that involves both human actors and automated tools.


Thin film for solar-thermal application was prepared by dc-magnetron reactive sputtering. The gradient composition is produced by moving the substrate through inhomogeneous reaction sputtering zone which has been used for large scale production.


With over 20 million records, the ADS citation database is regularly used by researchers and librarians to measure the scientific impact of individuals, groups, and institutions. In addition to the traditional sources of citations, the ADS has recently added references extracted from the arXiv e-prints on a nightly basis. We review the procedures used to harvest and identify the reference data used in the creation of citations, the policies and procedures that we follow to avoid double-counting and to eliminate contributions which may not be scholarly in nature. Finally, we describe how users and institutions can easily obtain quantitative citation data from the ADS, both interactively and via web-based programming tools. The ADS is available at http://ads.harvard.edu.


Let $N$ be a positive integer. In this paper we shall study the special values of multiple polylogarithms at $N$th roots of unity, called multiple polylogarithm values (MPVs) of level $N$. These objects are generalizations of multiple zeta values and alternating Euler sums, which was studied by Euler, and more recently, many mathematicians and theoretical physicists.. Our primary goal in this paper is to investigate the relations among the MPVs of the same weight and level by using the regularized double shuffle relations, regularized distribution relations, lifted versions of such relations from lower weights, and seeded relations which are produced by relations of weight one MPVs. We call relations from the above four families \emph{standard}. Let $d(w,N)$ be the $\Q$-dimension of $\Q$-span of all MPVs of weight $w$ and level $N$. Then we obtain upper bound for $d(w,N)$ by the standard relations which in general are no worse or no better than the one given by Deligne and Goncharov depending on whether $N$ is a prime-power or not, respectively, except for 2- and 3-powers, in which case standard relations seem to be often incomplete whereas Deligne shows that their bound should be sharp by a variant of Grothedieck's period conjecture. This suggests that in general there should be other linear relations among MPVs besides the standard relations, some of which are written down in this paper explicitly with good numerical verification. We also provide a few conjectures which are supported by our computational evidence.


In~\cite{CVX3}, we have established a Springer theory for the symmetric pair $(\operatorname{SL}(N),\operatorname{SO}(N))$. In this setting we obtain representations of (the Tits extension) of the braid group rather than just Weyl group representations. These representations arise from cohomology of families of certain (Hessenberg) varieties. In this paper we determine the Springer correspondence explicitly for IC sheaves supported on order 2 nilpotent orbits. In this process we encounter universal families of hyperelliptic curves. As an application we calculate the cohomolgy of Fano varieties of $k$-planes in the smooth intersection of two quadrics in an even dimensional projective space.