The spectrum of the SU(2) flavor baryons is studied in the frame of a relativistic chiral quark potential model based on the one-pion and one-gluon exchange mechanisms. It is argued that the ${N}^{*}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}^{*}$ resonances strongly coupled to the $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ channel are identified with the orbital configurations $(1{S}_{1/2}{)}^{2}(nlj)$ with a single valence quark in the excited state ($nlj$). With the obtained selection rules based on the ``chiral constraint,'' we show that it is possible to construct a schematic periodic table of baryon resonances, consistent with the experimental data and yielding no ``missing resonances.'' A new original method for the treatment of the center of mass problem is suggested which is based on the separation of the three-quark Dirac Hamiltonian into the parts, corresponding to the Jacobi coordinates. The numerical estimations for the energy positions of the nucleon and delta baryons (up to and including F-wave ${N}^{*}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}^{*}$ resonances), obtained within the field-theoretical framework by using time ordered perturbation theory, yield an overall good description of the experimental data at the level of the relativized constituent quark model of S. Capstick and W. Roberts without any fitting parameters. The only free parameter of the linear confinement potential was fitted previously by Th. Gutsche to reproduce the axial charge of the nucleon. The ground state $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}(1232)$ is well reproduced. However, nucleon ground state and most of the radially excited baryon resonances (including Roper) are overestimated. On the contrary, the first band of the orbitally excited baryon resonances with a negative parity are underestimated. At the same time, the second band of the orbitally excited ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}^{*}$ states with the negative parity are mostly overestimated, while the ${N}^{*}$ states are close to the experimental boxes. The theoretical estimations of the energy levels for the positive parity baryon resonances with $\mathrm{J}=5/2$, $7/2$ are close to the experimental data. At higher energies, where the experimental data are poor, we can extend our model schematically and predict an existence of seven ${N}^{*}$ and four ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}^{*}$ new states with larger spin values.


In this paper, a new methodology to estimate the number of competing stations in an IEEE 802.11 network, is proposed. Due to the nonlinear nature of the measurement model, an iterative nonlinear filtering algorithm, called the Scaled Unscented Filter (SUF), is employed. The SUF can provide a superior alternative to nonlinear filtering than the conventional Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), since it avoids errors associated with linearization. This approach demonstrates both high accuracy in addition to prompt reactivity to changes in the network occupancy status. In particular, the proposed algorithm shows superior performance in non saturated conditions when compared to the EKF. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides a more viable method for estimation of the number of competing stations in an IEEE 802.11 network, than estimators based on the EKF.


The synthesis technologies of zeolite with fly ash by hydro-thermal method under the microwave,can shorten crystallization time.This zeolite is used for the test of the wastewater treatment,in order to control nitrogen and phosphoric of water.The cleaning mechanism of ammonia nitrogen is mainly an ion exchange,but the study of phosphorous removal still lacks related date currently.It doesn′t influence in the application in the wastewater treatment,when the contain amount of phosphoric in the zeolite is lower.


The bachelor thesis titled Posttraumatic-growth of partners after divorce deals with the issue of post-traumatic growth and possible positive impacts of this event on an individual's life. The work describes the process of post-traumatic development. Basic concepts, history, divorce statistics, and the most common reasons for divorce are defined. It also deals with the spheres in which posttraumatic growth development occurs most commonly. Part of the thesis is a qualitative research undertaken by the method of semi-structured interviews with six respondents. This research shows both positive and negative changes that people may feel in connection with this experience.


Photograph of the front and north side of the "Frank P. and Nellie Lacey House," a one-story, red-brick, bungalow-style house with Tudor Revival ornamentation, located at 905 N. Cedar in Palestine, Texas.


ABSTRACT Of 1,994 group B streptococcal isolates collected, 26 (1.3%) of the isolates were resistant to levofloxacin, and cross-resistance to other fluoroquinolones was observed. The emergence and prevalence of high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in genetically unrelated isolates were linked to the presence of gyrA, parC, and parE triple mutations in each isolate.


The Kuroshio-Oyashio confluence region (K/O region) plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle and climate change. In this study, we examined the concentration and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water samples collected from depths of 0 to 1000 meters between 2019 and 2021. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranged from 30.54 to 113.21 μmol L-1, with higher concentrations observed in surface waters. The biological index (BIX) decreases with increasing depth, indicating decreasing in-situ production of plankton downwards. Additionally, the humification index (HIX) increased with depth, suggesting the transformation of labile to refractory DOC by bacteria. Using parallel factor analysis, we identified two humic-like (C1, C3) and one protein-like (C2) fluorescent components in 467 water samples. Water samples collected in 2020 exhibited significantly higher specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) (0.5 ± 0.2 L mg-1 m-1) and higher intensities of C1 (8.2 ± 2.69 *10-3 R.U.) and C3 (9.22 ± 4.39 *10-3 R.U.) compared to samples from 2019 and 2021. We found that water temperature had a positive correlation with C2 intensity (r = 0.33; p< 0.01), but negative correlations with C1 (r = −0.72; p< 0.01) and C3 intensity (r = −0.55; p< 0.01). Comparison of measured and theoretical values using a conservative physical mixing model revealed active biogeochemical processes of DOM during water mixing of the Kuroshio, Oyashio, and North Pacific Intermediate Water that change concentration and composition of DOM. Since the hydrology in the K/O region is sensitive for the ongoing climate warming, further investigation is needed to understand water mass mixing and associated DOM dynamics.


Tourist often want to experience their hosts' culture including cuisines. Their reactions can be negatively influenced by vastly different customs which confront them. What can be done, for example, when traditional food serving styles violate the tourist's sanitation standards? The authors discuss a Chinese case study-and tell what hoteliers in China gace done to make good serving more desirable, with minimal compromise to culinary traditions.


To increase accuracy,stability and seeds selection efficiency in color sorter system of delinted cottonseeds,the dynamic and kinematic characteristics of delinted cottonseeds were analyzed in the whereabouts process of delinted cottonseeds from groove end to sensor focus,and constraint equations related to the cross sectional shape,horizontal angle and length of groove were established.A single channel test bed was designed according to the research conclusion and correlative sorting experiments were carried out based on the test bed.The experimental results show that the average accuracy of sorting reached 98.7%,the aberrance coefficient was low and it could satisfy the production request under the machining environment.


Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as a promising interconnection paradigm for complex on-chip communications. As fabrication cost is high, model based design of NoC and early exploration to make proper design decisions are important challenges in NoCs. To tackle these challenges, we use formal methods and utilize their expressivity and flexibility to model different behaviors of a NoC and their abstraction to support early analysis of the design. We propose a formal approach for selection of the best routing algorithm in a NoC, according to its performance requirements. We present a model for two-dimensional mesh NoC using actor based modeling language Rebeca. Both functional and timing behaviors are modeled. The model is then used to compare three routing algorithms XY, Odd-Even and DyAD with respect to the maximum end-to-end packet latency in different scenarios.


An obligatory heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus wasatchii sp. nov. isolated from gassy Cheddar cheese was studied for growth, gas formation, salt tolerance and survival against pasteurization treatments at 63°C and 72°C. Initially, Lb. wasatchii was thought to only use ribose as a sugar source and we were interested in whether it could utilize galactose. Experiments to determine rate and extent of growth and gas production in carbohydrate restricted (CR) de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium under anaerobic conditions with various combinations of ribose and galactose at 12, 23, and 37°C were conducted with 23°C being the more optimum growth temperature of Lb. wasatchii. When grown on ribose (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%), maximum specific growth rates (μmax) within each temperature were similar. When galactose was the only sugar, μmax was 2 to 4 times lower than with ribose. At all temperatures, highest final cell densities (OD640) of Lb. wasatchii were achieved in CR-MRS plus 1% ribose, 0.5% ribose and 0.5% galactose, or 1% ribose combined with 1% galactose. Similar μmax values 1 The name of this bacterium was subsequently revised to Lactobacillus wasatchensis.


In the traditional analysis of the machining dimension accuracy influenced by the inaccurate error of locating pair in the jig and the common jig design,we often mainly consider the influence of the finish dimension that caused by the locating error in the direction of the finish dimension,but don't have the quota to consider the synthetic influence of finish dimension caused by locating error in other directions.The article has carried on the quantitative and comprehensive analysis and computation about the synthetic influence of the finish dimen-sion caused by the moving error and the rotary error in the various locating surface in the jig by means of mathematics method and the theoretical mechanics knowledge,and also has established the available formula.


With conventional fertilization as the control,the control effects of biological fertilizer and general organic fertilizer on watermelon Fusarium wilt were studied in the paper. The results showed that applying biological fertilizer could effectively reduce the incidence rate of watermelon Fusarium wilt and significantly improve the quality of watermelon,while application of general organic fertilizer had no obvious control effect on watermelon Fusarium wilt.


In this paper, we propose a modified chaotic associative memory neural network(MCAM). It has two important features: it can recall stored patterns from superimposed input; (2)it can deal with many-to-many associative memory. The computer simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed model.


Acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylic (ASA) terpolymer was blended with a sodium neutralized poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) ionomer to develop a weather-resistant ASA with good heat sealing and adhesion properties. Both tensile strengths and modulus were reduced by about 45% with an increase in Na-ionomer concentration of 50%. The mechanical data were fitted with different models that predict mechanical behavior. The thermal stability was increased with the incorporation of ionomer. The temperature corresponding to 50% mass loss (Tm50) was increased from 400°C (for ASA) to 427°C for 50/50 ASA/Na-ionomer blend. SEM and AFM micrographs reveal the cone-shaped microstructure on the ASA matrix surface after a critical Na-ionomer concentration of 30%. This blend system follows typical non-Newtonian behavior. The heat sealing performance study with metal was also carried out to investigate the utilization of these blend systems as a protective layer for metal. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1571–1579, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers


New types of wood based building materials to which the CLT refers require an accurate evaluation of the strength of varioustypes of connections. CLT panels connections with glued-in steel rods are of interest due to the possibility of creating quickmounted and rigid joints in the factory. Since the CLT have the structure of the perpendicular orientated boards in adjacentlayers, the strength and behaviour of the pasted rods is difficult to predict. The purpose of this study was to establish thestrength of the glued-in rods by pull-pull tests with different locations relative to the boards layers in the cross-section of theCLT panel. Diameter of all considered steel rods was smaller than thick of timber planks 30 mm in 5-lyers CLT specimenswithout gaps and stress relieves. Anchored length of rods in all specimens was 100 mm by using two component epoxy adhesive system.


The experimentally determined average charged-particle multiplicities, , of the systems, X, produced in the following reactions for 147 GeV/c incident pion momentum are presented as functions of the square of the invariant mass of X, M/sub x//sup 2/, and of *t*: ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup -//sub fast/X, ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. pX, ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..delta../sup + +/X, ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. (..pi../sup -/..pi../sup +/)/sub rho//sup 0/X, and ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..lambda../sup 0/X. Details of the analysis are discussed. These data can be fit by the expression = A + BlnM/sub X//sup 2/ + C*t* and the coefficients obtained for B are equal within their uncertainties. C is significantly different from zero only for ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup -//sub fast/X.


Water is a vital necessity for any living being and it is used for numerous purposes. Depending on the intended use it must display certain characteristics of potability. This study aimed at evaluating the quality of water supplied in the city of Catalao-GO, by analyzing turbidity, chlorination and microbiological attributes based on the parameters established by Decree n° 2914/2011-Ministery of Health, and to correlate the climate interference on turbidity and chlorine. Nine samples were collected weekly during the months from July to December 2012. The water samples were analyzed for turbidity, chlorine, total coliforms and Escherichia coli parameters. Of 216 analyzed samples, 7.87 % (17) showed chlorine below the rate recommended in the legislation. Regarding the turbidity 100 % of samples presented value <5 UT. In analyzing the total coliforms and E. coli, 100 % of the samples showed satisfactory results, being absent in 100 mL of sample. No correlation was found neither between chlorine levels and temperature, nor between turbidity and rainfall. Considering that the potability standards have complied with the monthly averages obtained by the Department of Municipal Sanitary of Catalao-GO, the public water supply system has reached the satisfactory quality rates of the treated water.


Nanocrystalline iron powders were produced by means of gas condensation. Pure nitrogen, or oxygen, or air, was introduced into the as‐made powders before they were taken from the chamber. Different atmospheres produced different layer structures around the iron particles. A high resolution transmission electron microscope was used to analyze the crystal structure and a vibrating‐sample magnetometer was used to measure the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline iron particles. The results showed that a layer of amorphous or nanocrystalline structure was formed initially on the surface of iron particles. This thin amorphous layer crystallized into Fe3O4 after annealing under electron irradiation when the introduced atmosphere was pure oxygen or air. However, it formed a passivated layer of ζ‐Fe2N when nitrogen was introduced. A hydrogen‐reducing process was employed to remove the oxide layer from the surface of nanocrystalline iron particles. The clean surface led to increased magnetization. The exchange an...


This article discusses research that aims to find out how the teaching factory influences the creativity, competence, and innovation of SLB Cicendo Bandung students. The influence of the application of teaching factory on vocational learning on creative catering, developing competencies, producing new innovative products. Vocational catering is a special skill that can help students to be more independent. This learning can create an environment for students to gain experience making products, improve skills, so they can balance their abilities and knowledge. The population of this study were Cicendo Bandung SLB students who took part in the Teaching Factory program. This study uses the method of literature study and quantitative methods with data collection instruments using a questionnaire through the Google Form. This research questionnaire is a type of closed questionnaire, where the researcher gives the opportunity to respondents to give opinions on their choices. From the results of the study there were 23 respondents, 84.4% stated that the teaching factory program could affect student creativity, competence, and innovation, while 15.6% felt that it had little effect on student creativity, competence, and innovation. From the results of this study it can be concluded that teaching factory can be a program that supports student learning, especially for Cidenco SLB students. Because with this program students can be creative, innovate and practice their abilities directly in preparing themselves to enter the world of work. Therefore, it is hoped that the government and schools will be more aggressive in procuring this program.


Abstract : Since its inception, the intelligence community (IC) has had several persistent problems that continue today -- information sharing, activity coordination, and analysis validity. As a result of 9/11, the IC was closely scrutinized. The findings of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States led to the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, creating a Director of National Intelligence (DNI) to serve as the principal advisor to the President on intelligence. The 9/11 Commission's recommendation is thought to be an all-encompassing solution to various problems plaguing the IC. While creating a unbiased director who could focus equally on all members of the IC may seem like an all-encompassing solution, this research will examine the responsibilities of the DNI and determine what solutions it really can bring to the problems of the IC. The primary research question is as follows: Is the DNI able to solve the persistent problems of the IC as required by the Intelligence Reform Act? The results of the analysis indicate that the DNI will be able to help solve the problems of the IC; however, to do that the director will require additional authority.


During a four-month period (January to April) in the year 2023, a significant increase in the prescription of benzodiazepines was observed in the family health strategy (ESF). This increase covered patients of different age groups, with emphasis on high consumption among young adults and the elderly. The area served by the FHS has a high social vulnerability, with several families with a history of suicide and drug and alcohol users, which may be related to the indiscriminate use of benzodiazepines. The objective of this study is to analyze alternatives for weaning from benzodiazepines, using illustrative instruments and conversation circles as support. This experience report describes the implementation in individual medical consultations, the use of illustrative tables and suggestions for conversation circles in the community. Medical consultations followed the conceptual model of the person-centered clinical method, using communication skills and promoting knowledge building through conversation circles. Illustrated tables presenting the weaning weeks, the mode of use and the formulation of benzodiazepines were used, as well as a folder with guidelines on sleep hygiene. The use of these illustrated tables proved to be satisfactory, with greater adherence on the part of the elderly, and provided a greater bond between the health professional and the patient, allowing to know the patient's experiences in relation to the treatment and their disease.


Observations on pulsating auroras occurring near the equatorward boundary of auroral displays during their postbreakup phase have been made with an image orthicon television system and with photometers. It is found that the pulsating phase of the display is composed of numerous relatively short sequences of pulsations that are restricted to small field-aligned volumes. The luminosity varies synchronously within a given auroral form, but adjacent forms may pulsate asynchronously.


Higher Degree Researchers (HDRs) in Australia tertiary education programs must achieve mastery of complex skills, theories, and concepts. Non-traditional HDRs, especially those enrolled part time and remotely, face barriers to achieving these outcomes. This concise paper uses the case study of a regional university in Australia to investigate the theoretical underpinnings of technology use to promote HDR communities of learning, especially for part time and remote researchers.


IMPACT When designing technology to support the co-production of a public service, focusing on the functional role alone will limit the value of the exercise. This paper describes the design requirements of a digital platform for the co-creation of childcare in two different communities—a neighbourhood and a private organization. The paper will have value for anyone interested in understanding the possible impact of digital technology on co-creation of value in co-production activities for the co-design of public services.


Pinus bungeana, Platycladus orientalis, Koelreuteria paniculata and Ginkgo biloba were taken to research. 3 open-top chambers with O3 concentration gradient were set up to study the characteristics of tree growth and leaf damage under different O3 concentrations. The results showed that with the increase of O3 concentration, the growth of different tree species were inhibited, but the diameter between different tree species was not significantly different. The plant height of different tree species the plant height of different tree species increased from 0.05m to 0.06m under NF O3 concentration, from 0.01m to 0.03m under NF40 O3 concentration, but from 0.01m to 0.02m under NF80 O3 concentration. The diameter of different tree species at 50cm increased from 0.90cm to 1.40cm under NF O3 concentration, from 0.70cm to 1.00cm under NF40 O3 concentration, and from 0.60cm to 0.80cm under NF80 O3 concentration. Under NF O3 concentration, the leaves of different tree species performed well, without any damage symptoms. With the increase of O3 concentration, leaves were withered and died. Leaves wilted under NF40 O3 concentration, but died and fallen under NF80 O3 concentration. Pinus bungeana and Platycladus orientalis were good at resisting O3 pollution, while Koelreuteria paniculata and Ginkgo biloba were worse. The damage of O3 concentration to plants is more sensitive to broad-leaved trees.


The necessary components of a successful peer tutor program at the college level include organization and funding, supervision, tutor training, evaluation, and public relations. This paper discusses these, relates them to a case study at a community college and provides a bibliography of resources for tutor programs. INTRODUCTION The purpose of a peer tutor program is to assist those students who require ongoing and formal instruction in a subject area taught at the college or university. It can have an impact upon retention if it is run effectively. There are five areas that need to be addressed when initiating a peer tutor program. It is necessary that guidelines, handbooks, and training materials that are produced in the process of developing a program be written to meet the individual needs of the college. ORGANIZATION AND FUNDING 1. Forms need to be developed to initiate the tutoring. It is suggested that the instructor of the course recommend a tutor and that the instructor also give permission for a student (client) to be tutored. Both the tutor and the client need to fill out a schedule of classes and other pertinent information to insure payment of the tutor. 2. The rules and regulations of the program need to be clearly stated in written form. Topics to be covered should include: benefits of the program, responsibilities, procedures for filling out forms, what to do during the first tutor session, other student services available at the college, and how the program is evaluated. A cover letter to tutors with dates of tutor training should be composed.


PURPOSE: To provide a general type apparatus for producing a corrugated pipe of a thermoplastic resin constituted so that auxiliary mold segment halves can be inserted in and removed from a molding route under a low structural condition. CONSTITUTION: A wedge element 18 is displaceable in parallel to a manufacturing direction 16 by a displacing drive device 72 and a grasping device 77 displaceable in the direction reverse to the direction 16 by a supply/removing drive device 75 is provided. By this constitution, auxiliary mold segment halves 4a, 5a are movable to the downstream end of a molding route 2 at once and are removed from the molding route in the manufacturing direction 16 to move to a parking position and a connection member is movable to two positions at the downstream end of the molding route by a drive device. The distance between these positions in the manufacturing direction 16 corresponds to the length of the mold segment halves 4a, 5a in the manufacturing direction 16. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


This study was performed to evaluate single and repeated-dose toxicities of a new cephalosporin antibiatic agent IDC-7181 in Sprague-Dawley rats. IDC-7181 was injected intravenously to rats at dose levels of 0, 3.2, 16, 80, 400 and 2,000 mg/kg/day for single-dose toxicity study and at dose levels of 0, 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg/day for 4-week repeated-dose toxicity study. In both stduies, there were no dose-related changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food and water consumption, opthalmoscpy, organ weights, urine analysis, biochemical examination, and hematological findings of all animals treated with IDC-7181. Gross and histopathological findings revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to IDC-7181. These results suggest that the intravenouse maximum tolerated dose value of IDC-7181 may be over 250 mg/kg and LD_(50) value may be over 2,000 mg/kg in rats.


This question— communicative networks, is the second focal point that I systematically study communicative geography of post and telecommunications. The paper analyses the composition of elements and classification on communicative networks of the post and telecommunication (P-T) in china, makes comments on each of compositive form of communicative networks of post and telecommunication, in practical use proves that multistage radiation converge form used in Chinese long-distance telecommunication networks, and multistage radiation transit form used in Chinese long-distance postal networks. Eventually, proceed in the case from the postal need, with that object in increasing the communicative anility of networks, taking benefit as binding condition, a plan model be discussed about development of communications.


This study investigated the use of National Forests by the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation in Montana. Although public lands in the interior American west often surround Tribal lands, managers know little about how the Forest Service (FS) rules and regulations impact the traditional values and culture of American Indians. Interviews were conducted in 2001 with a sample of 60 enrolled Tribal members. Results indicate that Tribal members participate in a variety of outdoor activities in national forests: hunting, fishing, berry and mushroom picking, camping, hiking, and collecting medicinal plants. Perceived racism from both managers and the visiting public, coupled with feelings of resentment at being pushed out of their aboriginal lands has created distrust among Tribal members. In order to preserve and respect Tribal culture and values, FS managers need to approach Tribal members with mutual trust and respect according to Tribal customs before requesting input and expecting open dialogue.


Objective: To observe effects of orexin on wakefulness and content of norepinephrine(NE),serotonin(5-HT) in hypothalamus to discuss the mechanisms.Method: Rats were divided into the control group,the model group,the low-dose group and the high-dose group at random.Each group included 10 rats.The anesthesia rat model was established with intraperitoneal injection by using chloral hydrate and urethane mixture(1∶ 1) according to 5 mL.kg-1.The low-dose group were intraperitoneally injected orexin 10 μL(1 mmol.L-1,0.1 mg) from paracele and the high-dose group were intraperitoneal injected orexin 10 μL(5 mmol.L-1,0.5 mg) from paracele.To observe lost of righting reflex(LORR) time and LORR lasting time.ELISA method was applied to test content of NE,5-HT in hypothalamus.Result: Compared with the control group,in the model group the content of both NE [(82.44 ± 2.16) ng.L-1] and 5-HT [(149.88 ± 14.21) ng.L-1] declined,but there was no significant difference.Compared with the model group by content of NE in the high-dose group the content of NE [(158.83 ± 4.87) ng.L-1] increased significantly(P 0.01).Compared with the model group by content of 5-HT [(149.88 ± 14.21) ng.L-1],in the low-dose group the content of 5-HT [(232.58 ± 16.05) ng.L-1] increased(P 0.05) and in the high-dose group the content of 5-HT [(278.14 ±17.85) ng.L-1] increased significantly(P 0.01).Compared with the model group by LORR lasting time [(61.08 ± 11.32) min],in the high-dose group [(32.01 ± 7.42) min] reduced significantly(P 0.01).Conclusion: orexin could excite NE,5-HT neuron,which enhance cerebral cortex effect of 'facilitatioin'on monamine neuron,finally may cause and keep wakefulness,which is probably one of the mechanisms of orexin causing wakefulness.


MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are endogenous noncoding RNAs,about 22 nucleotides in length,which mediate the post-transcriptional gene modulation by annealing to incomplete complementary sequences in the 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs.MicroRNAs play important roles in the occurrence and development of human tumor,and act as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes.They can be used as diagnostic markers of tumor and will become the new anti-cancer therapeutic targets in the future.


Extensive numerical experiments have been carried out to investigate effect of block size and fracture geometry on hydraulic characteristics of fractured rock masses based on connected pipe flow in DFN systems. Using two fracture sets, a total of 72 2-D fracture configurations were generated with different combinations of fracture size distribution and deterministic fracture density. The directional block conductivity including the theoretical block conductivity, principal conductivity tensor and average block conductivity for each generated fracture network system were calculated using the 2-D equivalent pipe network method. There exist significant effects of block size, orientation, density and size of fractures in a fractured rock mass on its hydraulic behavior. We have been further verified that it is more difficult to reach the REV size for the fluid flow network with decreasing intersection angle of two fracture sets, fracture plane density and fracture size distribution.


Threshold value of extreme precipitation of each station was confirmed through the percentile method based on the daily precipitation in Shandong Province from 1971 to 1999. Based on the threshold value,the 39 extreme precipitation events in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2009 were classified to five conceptual models,including upper trough,subtropical high periphery,shear line,cyclone and tropical cyclone types. Results show that the heavy rain area of the shear line,cyclone and tropical cyclone types is often larger,and that of the upper trough and subtropical high periphery types is generally scattered. There is low level jet in all five types,and the heavy rain area generally lies between 700 hPa and 850 hPa shear lines( or trough lines),at the wind speed convergence on the left side of low level jet. There is cold air in the upper trough type,the subtropical peripheral type and the shear line type 1,and the heavy rain area is located in front of 850 hPa cold temperature trough. For the five types,the mechanisms of extreme precipitation are different,and the configurations between heavy rain area and θseare not same.


As today's historical research have been enlightened by empirical study of those social sciences,Chinese history education to college students must find approaches to follow this great change.Teacher should try to evoke students to focus on the relationships such as history vs.reality/past vs.now/selves vs.others,that's to say,the Sense of History.Therefore,it is necessary for us to create theories and methods which lead students deep into the community fieldwork during their Study of Historical Documents course.By training skills of collecting,recording,arranging and exploring on all kinds of information of past time which they gather from different sources、bases and positions at different places,they would be able to understand how history can be made,remembered and performed were processes full of complexity,diversity and vividity,just as the society,culture and individuals itself which histories were brought out.


Laboratory and practical courses, where students become familiar with experimental techniques and learn to interpret data and relate them to appropriate theory, play a vital role in chemical education. In the large panoply of currently available techniques, it is difficult to find a rational and easy way to classify the techniques in relation to their performance and usefulness. This article provides an overview of various experimental techniques of chemistry and their physical bases, corroborated by the evaluation of their impact in current research. A generic scheme in the form of extended Probst-type diagram is proposed as a suitable unifying tool of straightforward systematization. In addition, an example of a spectroscopy-oriented curriculum for chemistry studies is described and some practical suggestions concerning implementation are briefly discussed.


Objectives This network meta-analysis aims to compare the efficacy and safety of new anti-diabetic medications for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Materials and methods PubMed and Scopus were searched from inception to 27th March 2022 to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in NAFLD patients. Outcomes included reductions in intrahepatic steatosis (IHS) and liver enzyme levels. The efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and other therapies were indirectly compared using a NMA approach. Unstandardized mean difference (USMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results 2,252 patients from 31 RCTs were included. "Add-on" GLP-1 agonists with standard of care (SoC) treatment showed significantly reduced IHS compared to SoC alone [USMD (95%CI) -3.93% (-6.54%, -1.33%)]. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) identified GLP-1 receptor agonists with the highest probability to reduce IHS (SUCRA 88.5%), followed by DPP-4 inhibitors (SUCRA 69.6%) and pioglitazone (SUCRA 62.2%). "Add-on" GLP-1 receptor agonists were also the most effective treatment for reducing liver enzyme levels; AST [USMD of -5.04 (-8.46, -1.62)], ALT [USMD of -9.84 (-16.84, -2.85)] and GGT [USMD of -15.53 (-22.09, -8.97)] compared to SoC alone. However, GLP-1 agonists were most likely to be associated with an adverse event compared to other interventions. Conclusion GLP-1 agonists may represent the most promising anti-diabetic treatment to reduce hepatic steatosis and liver enzyme activity in T2DM and NAFLD patients. Nevertheless, longer-term studies are required to determine whether this delays progression of liver cirrhosis in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021259336.1.


Objective:To research the relationship of stressful life events,coping styles and subjective well-being.Methods:245 college students were collected as sample.They were assessed with Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events check list,coping styles questionnaire,SWLS and PANAS.Results:①There were statistically significant correlation among life events、 coping styles and dimensions of subjective well-being.②Coping styles was the modulator between life events and subjective well-being.③Stressful life events influenced the subjective well-being indirectly with the moderator of coping styles.Conclusion:Life events and coping styles cooperately give effect to the subjective well-being.


Abstract
 Several studies have suggested dietary segregation between nestling and adult birds resulting from both dietary requirements of offspring and distance to the foraging sites. We examined the diet in terms of composition and dimension, as the weight, habitat and taxonomy of prey in nestling and adult male and female Bluethroats Luscinia svecica spp. cyanecula at a recently colonized area in a mosaic of wetland (with sewage water) and terrestrial habitats in south-west Poland. On the basis of faecal samples collected between 2009–2012 from several broods and 94 adults, we found that nestlings had significantly lower diet diversity, consisting of heavier prey items. Comparing the proportion of seven major food types (order of insects/invertebrate class) we showed that the diet composition of adult and nestling Bluethroats differed significantly. The diet of nestlings contained significantly more soft-bodied prey items, namely Diptera and Lepidopteran larvae, and significantly fewer Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Furthermore, since adult showed marked decrease (contrary to young Bluethroats) of diet diversity and number of prey in the progress of the breeding season, hence our entire findings can imply that nestlings are fed in a selective manner receiving more profitable (soft-bodied and terrestrial) prey, and adults adjust their diet consuming less profitable (more chitinized and smaller) prey. This ultimately suggests the partial dietary segregation between nestling and adult birds, both in the term of size (biomass) and composition of prey. The use of a broad spectrum of food items and various prey types, and particularly the low dependence of nestlings on aquatic insects, suggests that Bluethroats have very plastic dietary requirements, which is most likely a factor facilitating the recent population recovery and adaptation to ecotonal zones between moist/wetland and terrestrial habitats with abundant moist soil, in newly settled areas of Europe.


The phase transition temperature in pyrene and phenanthrene crystals has been measured by a polarization modulation method, which enables one to detect the variation in the refractive index in the transparent region of a crystal. The phase transition occurs at 120K in pyrene and between 210 and 260K in phenanthrene.


WiA'T is meant by the terms " nutrition and growth?" How are wv to define them in strictly scientific l4nguage, and. whatbis the rplatibuship of the oie to the othe.r:? Stuchl are questions which have often!pnzzle the biologist,and have ledsome (SachsText-Rook of Botany, translatedl by Beninett and Dyer, p. 693);to supposb that it is itfipossibl4.to@,deflnc the-meaning of growth in strict terms; which. wihlbe opplbe Lo all cases. I amn far frorm takig this view of the giatten, a4ud-w*nuld~look-upon the growth -of ananimal or ;veg-etablb orgaslism as a definite process, limited in exctn by .eert&an iren. coglillabie laws, and due t-sp ctroperties 1inhereiit-in the tissues. tots jier Ih~b eiidbavouted to tiace-thtpesses ofgrowth andI utrition as -far back as it seems to me oiur .present Jkiowledge -.. A..; I .. .. .wifllpermit of. Indoing so I have been chiefly actuatWby,gesire; to form some sort of a basis for the rational-d&fnlition ofthe conditis; of'hyprtroqph or atophy. Preperly-seal).dfV~hil-to be&1onsidered along wit-h arty wbrk on groth; tut, iii this method: of lroatrment sPigl, in lhe presnt instan e, cbiiiplicate nt'es Ihas-ve c6nsidered it better to limit the scope of the paper to the subbjethfs f' hiutrifiot anhdgro6Wth aIone. gAte¢,ltiy lMdrt~tion.-The requirements for the maintenance of ahiealthy state of nutrition, I hold, are twofold: l, essential, 2,


Wireless radio frequencies are getting higher, complexities are increasing and RF interferences continue to grow. In order to overcome this problem in future, light -fidelity (Li-Fi) technology came into existence . Li-Fi is a wireless communication system in which light is used as a carrier signal instead of traditional radio frequency as in Wi- Fi. Li-Fi is a technology that uses light emitting diodes to transmit data wirelessly. Visible light communication (VLC) uses rapid pulses of light to transmit information wirelessly that cannot be detected by human eye. This paper will focus on Li-Fi technology over Wi-Fi technology and challenges for the new VLC technology and Li-Fi technology in automation safety measures.


Introduction Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive bacillus, anaerobic, sporogenous ,with oro-faecal transmission.The formation of the spores can persist in a long time, encouraging the transmission. Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, age, alteration of intestinal flora are the most common risk factors that expose the subject to any subsequent colonization and infection. The hospital staff is the main vehicle of transmission and the probability of contracting an infection is proportional to the duration of hospitalization in patients infected with cohabitation. Objectives The infections surveillance of C. difficile is a instrument to monitor procedures for the control of hospital infections, and may be useful to highlight and point out shortcomings in the system. Materials and Methods The data are the results of tests for the detection of toxins on stools during the period 2004-2006, distributed quarterly to study the seasonal, divided by individual UO the hospital and later for area hospital. Results and conclusions The incidence of infection from C. difficile in the last three years has been in constant increase (from 7 to 12.5 case/1000 admissions). Much of increase is attributable to community infections 3 case/1000 admissions (2004) up to about 6 case/1000 admissions (2006). Substantially increasing content of hospital infections (5-6 case/1000 admissions).


Patients with hypertension often have conditions for which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are indicated. However, both NSAIDs and certain antihypertensive drugs (i.e., diuretics, angiotensin-converting–enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, and angiotensin-receptor blockers [ARBs]) have hemodynamic effects on the kidney. Investigators retrospectively studied a U.K. database to examine whether antihypertensive therapy in combination with …


Sidegating effects in submicron gate I-HEMTs are reported over a wide range of the drain voltage. A kink in the drain current and the disappearance of the sidegating effect at high drain voltages (3∼4 V) are attributed to the hole injection caused by the impact ionization in the channel. The observation of a new type of sidegating effect at higher drain voltages (>4 V) is also reported. The strong drain voltage dependence is explained by the enhanced electron injection into the substrate caused by the higher hole injection.


With the recent uptake on the linked open data on the Web, there are many interlinked data sets on the Web today. Interesting results that might not be obvious from this raw data itself, can be derived by computing answers to rules using the data and essentially connecting the dots to see the big picture. We describe a novel method to crawl the Web of data and make inferences that satisfy rules of a particular domain and to re-inject the derived conclusions, along with their proofs in a proof ontology, back into the read-write Web. We have developed a "Computation Agent" to do this, using rules written in a formal Semantic Web rule language, and a user interface for viewing data along with their proofs that give the justification for that particular data in an intuitive manner.


The preparation of 3-oxo-4-azasteroid from A-nor-3,5-secosteroid-3-oic acid is described in a solventless condition catalysed by Lewis acid under microwave irradiation. We utilized urea as an environmentally benign source for the generation of ammonia for the aza cyclization


In this paper, a new algorithm for calculating the generalized frequency response function (GFRF) of the exponential-type nonlinear system is proposed. An auxiliary equation is introduced to transform the original exponential nonlinear equations into the polynomial nonlinear equations. The advantages of the proposed algorithm, for example, with many fewer parameters of interest and higher computational efficiency, are demonstrated, which can greatly facilitate the nonlinear characteristic output spectrum based analysis and design of exponential-type nonlinear system that widely exists in engineering practice.


Magnesium sulfate has an established role as an anticonvulsant. Hypocalcemia with magnesium sulfate therapy is a well-known complication but rarely encountered in clinical practice. Concurrent use of nifedipine may unmask hypocalcemia in these patients. The resulting hypocalcemia can lead to acute cardiac events endangering patient's life.


Objective To observe the effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation treated by combination of nebulization inhalation of Budesonide and Shenbai Zhike mixture.Methods 150 cases of acute exacerbation of COPD were randomly divided into two groups.Control group received nebulization inhalation of Budesonide,1 mg(3 times a day) and the conventional treatment;70 patients in treatment group were treated by combination of nebulization inhalation of Budesonide,1mg(3 times a day) and Shenbai Zhike mixture,50 mL(2 times a day) and conventional therapy.Functional dyspnea grading,pulmonary function(immediate hospitalization and follow-up 2 months),and serum interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in patients were observed before and after treatment with and adverse reactions was observed at same time.Results Functional dyspnea grading,pulmonary function,IL-6 and TNF-α in acute exacerbation of COPD were obviously improved.There was significant difference between two groups on functional dyspnea grading,pulmonary function,IL-6 and TNF-α(P0.05).And adverse reactions was rare.Conclusion Shenbai Zhike mixture has a definite effect and safety on the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation.


This paper discusses some problems of intelligent control engineering (ICE).Firstly,two key techniques of ICE,computation techniques and integration techniques,are introduced.Furthermore,based on the viewpoints of cognitive science,a cognitive frame of intelligent control in which human machine combination and hybrid techniques integration can be carried out,is proposed in the form of intelligent information processing.Some methods are also given to realize composed parts of the frame.A designed example is provided subsequently.


HE dynamics of Pennsylvania politics have been examined T from numerous vantage points. A survey of the literature would incorporate historical descriptions of significant state political events,. biographical studies of leading political personalities, 2 journalistic accounts of machine power politics,3 studies of political party organization,4 and treatises concerning the General Assembly-its participants, its operation, and its relationship with other governing institutions.5 One aspect of Pennsylvania politics has held a continuing interest for political scientists-the competition for votes between the two major political parties. Scholarly analysis has usually focused on county voting patterns; these studies had their genesis in the 1940's with the publication of a pamphlet series that researched imterparty county competition from 1922-1944.' These studies and


The invention at the same time as the storage stability of the solution was excellent, to provide a titanium-containing solution containing a titanium component at a high concentration, also the quality of the aliphatic diols to be uniformly supplied sex and excellent recovery and at the same time represents a high catalytic performance, re-use and at the same time it represents a one, and a high catalytic activity to provide a catalyst for producing a polyester that does not adversely influence the, as its object to provide a catalyst for producing a polyester of high stability during molding. In addition, an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a polyester resin and hollow molded article composed of the polyester resin using a catalyst. The first aspect of the present invention comprises a titanium-containing solution characterized by containing titanium, an aliphatic diol and a polyhydric alcohol is 3 or more. A second aspect of the invention the particle diameter of the titanium solution is a titanium-containing solution is made in a specific range.


Research on the nationalism present in post- Peronism in Mendoza has allowed us to retrieve a number of intellectual itineraries that exemplify the complex...


Objective To study the advantage and weakness of plain film and CT diagnosis rifracture ,and comparing two check method.Methods:50 cases with thoracictrauma ,43 men and 7 women ,ranged in age from 22 to 48 years. Imaging data of the chest X-ray and spirsl CT examination were contrasted and analyzed. Results:86 rib fracture in 50 cases were showed. X-ray showed 64 of 86 ,and the accuracy of diagnosis was 74. 4 %. Spiral CT showed 86 of 86 ,and the accuracy of diagnosis was 100 %.Conclusion: Spiral CT has important value in diagnosis of rib fracture.


Humans and animals give several impressions to their recipients with their postures. In this study, the influence of postures on a body was examined through the perspective of the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system. The subjects were 18 healthy adults (7 males and 11 females). A slouching posture like arching back was defined as a low power pose (LP), and a posture straightening back and throwing out chest is defined as a high power pose (HP). Starting at rest, the subjects took LP posture and changed to HP posture, and their autonomic nervous functions were measured and their saliva was collected before and after taking each posture. In taking LP posture, the decrease of the parasympathetic nervous activity, the increase of the pathetic nervous activity and the increase of chromogranin A in saliva were observed. The increase of the autonomic nervous activity, and the decrease of chromogranin A which had been increased by taking LP posture were observed by taking HP posture. There was no influence on cortisol by taking either of the postures. This study suggested that bad postures such as curving back affected stress reactions through the perspective of the endocrine system and the automatic nervous system.


We consider certain specific exponential sums related to holomor- phic cusp forms, give a reformulation for the Lehmer conjecture and prove that certain exponential sums of Fourier coefficients of holomorphic cusp forms con- tain information on other similar non-overlapping exponential sums. Also, we prove an Omega result for short sums of Fourier coefficients.


This paper compares Wittgenstein's conception of 'objective certainty' with Descartes's 'metaphysical certainty'. According to both conceptions if you are certain of something in these senses, then it is inconceivable that you are mistaken. But a striking difference is that for Descartes, if you are metaphysically certain of something it follows both that the something is so and that you know it is so; whereas on Wittgenstein's conception neither thing follows. I try to show that there is a form of 'scepticism' in Wittgenstein's outlook on the concept of certainty, although it is not the familiar Philosophical Scepticism. The Appendix takes issue with a recent essay by John Cook which argues that the 'hinge propositions' of On Certainty are based on 'the metaphysics of phenomenalism'.


With the growing acceptance of ATM as the standard for broadband networking and the increasing importance of wireless devices, it has become appropriate to extend ATM application to wireless platforms. Adding a wireless network to existing wired network creates a set of problems. Security functions have to be reconsidered since wired network security did not account for the open medium, mobile roaming. A necessary foundation for securing a network is the ability to authenticate entities. There is a need to authenticate users of the system so that the resources would not be misused by nonsubscribers. After authentication by authentication protocol, two parties who involves in communications should be able and entitle to believe that they are communicating with each other and not with intruders. In mobile networks, normally secret-key cryptography is used for authentication. In this paper, both secret key and public key are attempted to be used in wireless ATM network.


Introduction: The presence of existing osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) increases the mortality risk. However, the influence of the characteristics of OVF is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of new OVF on patients' long-term prognosis using our past cohort study. Method: This is an extension study of our cohort study carried out between 2005 and 2007. In the present extension study, of 420 patients, 197 whose contact information was available at the 6-month follow-up were included in the telephone survey in 2018. Five patients refused to participate in the survey, and 82 could not be contacted. Eventually, 110 patients were enrolled. Of the Demographic data, radiological findings, medical history, and clinical outcome were investigated at injury onset and at the 6-month follow-up. A proportional hazard model was used to investigate the risk factors for mortality. Results: Among 110 patients, 33 died. Male sex and low body mass index (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) were significant risk factors for mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 6.40, 1.01–40.50; 5.24, 1.44–19.04, respectively]. The history of stroke and liver disease increased the risk of mortality (HR = 13.37, 1.93–92.7; 6.62, 1.15–38.14, respectively). As regards radiological findings, local kyphosis progression per 1° or ≥7° were significant risk factors of mortality (HR = 1.20, 1.06–1.36; 5.38, 1.81–16.03, respectively). Conclusions: A telephone survey at 12 years after the occurrence of OVF analyzed risk factors for mortality and showed that a progression of local kyphosis in fractures between injury onset and 6 months after injury was a risk factor of poor prognosis.


Infectious diseases have a huge impact on animal health, production and welfare. Animal breeding schemes exploit heritable variation in host susceptibility, however, increasing evidence suggests that there may be additional genetic variation in host infectivity, i.e. the ability of hosts to transmit infections. We combined quantitative genetics and epidemiology to investigate the potential for enhancing genetic disease control by utilising host infectivity. A stochastic SIR (susceptible-infected-recovered) epidemiological model was used to simulate how disease dynamics are influenced by polygenic genetic variation in susceptibility and infectivity. Response to selection was calculated over 20 generations, exploring a variety of selection schemes differing in accuracy and intensity. Changes in epidemic risk and severity due to selection were compared between selection schemes considering only susceptibility, or combining susceptibility and infectivity. We explored how response to selection may be influenced by genetic correlations between susceptibility and infectivity, and finally, we present a case study for bovine tuberculosis, an infectious disease with global impact on cattle industry. Our results demonstrate that genetic selection considering both susceptibility and infectivity significantly accelerates disease eradication when compared to selection for susceptibility alone. For example, with moderate genetic variance, selection only on susceptibility required 13 generations to reduce epidemic risk by 50%, while combined selection for both susceptibility and infectivity required only 7 generations. With a favourable genetic correlation between susceptibility and infectivity, progress in the selection scheme was marginally improved by adding infectivity in the breeding goal. However, with a negative genetic correlation, including both susceptibility and infectivity reduced the delay due to indirect correlated responses in infectivity by 6 generations. In conclusion, our results suggest that to develop efficient genetic disease control strategies in the shortand long-term, genetic effects for both susceptibility and infectivity should be considered.


The purpose of this study is to explain the current state of cremated human remains excavated from the ancient tombs of Seokchon-dong, the royal graveyard of Hanseong Baekje. By modeling the process of cremation, and confirm where the current human bone data corresponds to, thereby identifying one aspect of the funeral process. First, by examining the characteristics of the cremated human bones, it was confirmed that the cremated human remains of Seokchon-dong were cremated before skeletonization, and the possibility of deliberate fragmentation of the cremated bones was low. Next, by modeling the process of secondary cremation, it was assumed that three types of archaeological features were predicted: 'the burial', 'the crematory feature' and the 'disposal area of cremation remnants', and it was also predicted that cremated remains would be excavated in a characteristic pattern from each of form of the features. the cremated bones excavated from the vicinity of ancient Tomb No. 3 in 1986, and vicinity of ancient Tomb No. 1 in 2010s were evaluated by AAI(anatomical accuracy index) and ADI(anatomical diversity index), substituting them into the model, it was found that the former was highly likely to correspond to 'the crematory feature' and the latter to be 'the disposal area of cremation remnants'. According to this, 'the burial' related to cremation in the Seokchon-dong ancient tombs has not yet been investigated, and in 'the disposal area of cremation remnants', part of cremated bones were not conceptually treated as the body of the deceased. It shows that the concept of the body is 'transformed' through the cremation. However, this analysis is based on the premise of the classical concept of 'secondary cremation', and the possibility that a mortuary practice outside of this category should also be considered.


The present paper reports on the analysis of acoustic emission (AE) produced during abrasive waterjet (AWJ) machining process. This paper focuses on the relationship of AE and surface quality of sheet metals. The changes in acoustic emission signals recorded by the mean of power spectral density (PSD) via covariance method in relation to the surface quality of the cut are discussed. The test was made using two materials for comparison namely aluminium 6061 and stainless steel 304 with five different feed rates. The acoustic emission data were captured by Labview and later processed using MATLAB software. The results show that the AE spectrums correlated with different feed rates and surface qualities. It can be concluded that the AE is capable of monitoring the changes of feed rate and surface quality.


Let C be the differential graded category of differential graded k-modules. We prove that the Yoneda A ∞ -functor Y : A → A ∞ (A,C) is a full embedding for an arbitrary unital A ∞ -category A. For a differential graded k-quiver B we define the free A ∞ -category FB generated by B. The main result is that the restriction A ∞ -functor A ∞ (FB,A)→ A1(B,A) is an equivalence, where objects of the last A ∞ -category are morphisms of differential graded k-quivers B→ A. A∞-categories defined by Kontsevich [Kon95] are generalizations of differential graded categories for which the binary composition is associative only up to a homotopy. They also generalize A∞-algebras introduced by Stasheff [Sta63, II]. A∞-functors are the corresponding generalizations of usual functors, see e.g. [Kel01]. Homomorphisms of A∞-algebras (e.g. [Kad82]) are particular cases of A∞-functors. A∞-transformations are certain coderivations. Examples of such structures are encountered in studies of mirror symmetry (e.g. [Kon95, Fuk02]) and in homological algebra. For an A∞-category there is a notion of units up to a homotopy (homotopy identity morphisms) [Lyu03]. Given two A∞-categories A and B, one can construct a third A∞-category A∞(A,B), whose objects are A∞-functors f : A → B, and morphisms are A∞-transformations between such functors (Fukaya [Fuk02], Kontsevich and Soibelman [KS02, KS], Lefèvre-Hasegawa [LH02], as well as [Lyu03]). This allows to define a 2-category, whose objects are unital A∞-categories, 1-morphisms are unital A∞-functors and 2-morphisms are equivalence classes of natural A∞-transformations [Lyu03]. We continue to study this 2-category. The notations and conventions are explained in the first section. We also describe AN -categories, AN -functors and AN -transformations – truncated at N < ∞ versions of Institute of Mathematics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 3 Tereshchenkivska st., Kyiv-4, 01601 MSP, Ukraine; firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Algebra, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Kyiv Taras Shevchenko University, 64 Volodymyrska st., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine; firstname.lastname@example.com


The assaults on Fallujah by the United States military in April and November of 2004 involved the use of white phosphorus. White phosphorus has extremely damaging effects on the health of victims, including severe burns and irritation of the respiratory system. This article examines whether the use of white phosphorus was a violation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, Protocol III to the Convention on Conventional Weapons and international humanitarian law. It concludes that the use of white phosphorus was illegal because it is arguably a chemical weapon, riot control agent, or incendiary weapon. Furthermore, the methods and means of its use in Fallujah violated the laws of war.


This chapter contains sections titled: Objective What Is Electricity? Ohm's Law Resistances in Series and in Parallel, and Kirchhoff's Laws Electric Power in dc Circuits Introduction to Alternating Current Circuits Inductance and Capacitance Alternating Currents Resistance in ac Circuits Resonance [Refs. 1 and 4] References ]]>


Investigations of phase-polarization and amplitude modulation of radiation are reported. Effective control voltages of ~10 V were obtained for a modulation depth of ~70%. A radiation deflector utilizing an array of channel waveguides was investigated.


Abstract Bisexual-identified students face ongoing challenges such as denial of their identity, negative stereotypes, biphobia, and sexual harassment at school. Stigma and denial of bisexuality contribute to the erasure and invisibility of bisexual people, resulting in limited role models and positive representation for bisexual youth. Based on three years of ethnographic research in a U.S. public high school, this article examines how social regulation of gender and sexuality work to reinforce notions of proper femininity and uphold cis-heteronormativity.


Tuberculoma as a rule occurs as a solitary space-occypying lesion and is caused by hematogenous spread of the tuberculosis bacillus. The most common central nervous system site for tuberculoma is the cerebellum. Tuberculoma involving a peripheral nerve is very rare, with only 3 cases reported in the literature. From literature review, there was six cases of peripheral tuberculomas (from 1964 – 2013). A 25 years old woman was consulted from Orthopedic Outpatient Department, presented with 2 years history of paraesthesia and numbness of her right hand. She also presented weakness and wasting of her right hand and forearm in last 3 months. These symptoms made her difficult to writing. There was a gradually increasing swelling in the posteromedial aspect of her right arm just above the elbow joint for last six months. No history of trauma. The patient does not have past history of tuberculosis, weight loss or appetite nor fever. No history of contact with pulmonary tuberculosis. She has performed peripheral nerve decompression 3 weeks before she consulted to our department. On local examination there was a postoperative scar over the posteromedial aspect of her right arm just above the elbow joint in the ulnar nerve distribution. There was paresthesias along the ulnar nerve distribution. There were no skin changes, lymphadenopathy, or restriction of movement at the elbow joint. Neurological examination revealed loss of pain, temperature, touch, and vibration sensations along the distribution of the right ulnar nerve. There was wasting of the hypothenar muscles present. The chest radiograph did not reveal any abnormality. Histopathological examination of the specimen (after peripheral nerve decompression ) revealed extensive areas of caseous necrosis, epithelioid granulomas, and Langhans giant cells. She is getting better after received adequate antituberculosis treatment and physiotherapy. Pulmonary Circulation


OBJECTIVE Hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets (HVDRR) is characterized by severe rickets and is often accompanied by alopecia. Mutations in the gene encoding the vitamin D receptor have been found in this condition. In a patient with the characteristic phenotype we have investigated the functional defect and sequenced the gene to seek a mutation.


An entirely new type of imaging tunable filter has been developed by Photon etc. and the California Institute of Technology. The Volume Bragg Grating based device is able to select a single wavelength for each pixel in a full camera field. The demonstration tabletop prototype was able to select images with a 2 nm bandwidth from 400 to 750 nm. Data cubes were produced through a wavelength scan from which a spectrum per pixel can be extracted. The prototype showed no image distortion, a very stable instrument profile, and high efficiency. The compact and robust tunable filter can operate from 350 nm to 2.5 mm with bandwidths from 3 Å to 200 nm, showing a great potential for both ground based and space astronomy.


More the financial markets become 'peopled,' more behavioural patterns are observed in individual investors. The individual investor's attitudes and opinion towards investing must have a significant impact on the stock market. The aim of this study is to analyse the individual Investor's sentiment and to study the influence of Stock Specific Factors on investors' sentiment. The investors were administered a Structured Schedule to measure the investors' sentiment. The impact of Psychological Factors, Past Price Performance, Price Earnings and Familiarity with Products, Price Earnings and Familiarity with Products, Recommendation of the financial community, Expected events surrounding the stock and Book Value, Who else is buying, Quality of Management, Financial Characteristics and Price cut off rules were tested in this study by using the Bootstrapping Method. It is found that the overall Stock Specific Factors did not have much influence on the investors' sentiment in India during the study period.


Clinopyroxenes of pyroxenite xenoliths from the Hannuoba basalt were in situ analyzed by LA-ICP-MS. Clinopyroxenes of spinel phlogopite clinopyroxenites have considerably low Cr、Co and Ni contents and Mg# and high CaO、Zr、Hf、Ta and LREE contents, which suggests that the spinel phlogopite clinopyroxenites could be cumulates modified by subsequent metasomatism. Clinopyroxenes of olivine garnet pyroxenite vein hosted in spinel Iherzolite have relatively high Na2O and low CaO contents, and are characterized by higher Ti、Zr、Hf and Y contents compared with the other garnet-bearing pyroxenites. These features indicate a possible Na-rich melt-mantle peridotite interaction responsible for the formation of these garnet pyroxenite veins. La-enrichment and/or trace elemental zonation demonstrated by clinopyroxene of some garnet-bearing pyroxenites indicate multi-episode partial melting and mantle metasomatism in the north of North China craton. On the other hand, the in situ analyses for fluid inclusion-bearing area of clinopyroxene suggest that fluid inclusion is not only enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, but also enriched in some high field strength elements (e. g. , Nb、Ta、Zr and P). These observations imply that the fluid involved in mantle metasomatism could contain certain amount of anion (e. g. , F- and Cl-) , and does not fractionate LREE from HFSE.


or indifferent, no material change has been made in them, at any rate since May 13th, 1899, when we published an account of an interview with the secretary of the Army Nursing Reserve. Then, as now, one of the rules was that the candidates for appointment must not be under 25 nor over 35 years of age, though there is no objection to work being continued long after that age. Then, as now, a certificate of three years' training and service in a civil hospital was the qualification required. Then, as now, two recent testimonials of efficiency in medical and surgical nursing were required from medical officers. Then, as now, a recommendation from


This essay explores the relationship between an essentialist diasporic paradigm, which draws on an understanding of singular national allegiance and ethnic "blood" identity, and a hybrid transnational paradigm of identity that refuses singular allegiances and essentialist myths of blood kinship. The dynamics of these rhetorical forms reveals the profound difficulty of multiculturalism in a nationalistic culture. In literary narratives, as in public discourse, the assumption that one citizen can be "less Canadian" than another by reason of ethnicity must be challenged wherever this rhetoric appears. The "neither/nor" logic of popular texts like Wayson Choy's novels The Jade Peony (1995) and All That Matters (2004), as well as his memoir, Paper Shadows (1999) articulates "China" as a mythical point of origin that is in fact specifically Cantonese and of the Qing dynasty and of the mid-nineteenth century. But the elevation of historical and cultural particulars into a generalized imagined origin is less important than the texts' emphasis on "real" and essential links between a diasporic "Chineseness-that-transcends-culture" and a world of migrant rootlessness and displacement. The neither/nor logic of these texts compels a critical appraisal of the principles underlying the developing Chinese diasporic literary canon, in Canada and elsewhere, and the larger understandings of the dynamics of transnational migrant communities to which these literary representations lend legitimacy.


Globally, semi-arid savannas are being affected by degradation processes. This causes a significant decline in ecosystem functioning and thus the use thereof to communities depending on savannas for their livelihoods. As a step towards a fast and cost-effective assessment of this degradation at the local to regional scale, we developed a change detection approach that uses Landsat TM time series to detect bush encroachment and vegetation loss. This approach uses spectral change characteristics as well as spatial change features derived from spectral change derivatives. The resulting decision tree classifier is sensitive to gradual increases or decreases and total loss of vegetation cover related to natural and land use related processes, while being independent of vegetation type. Results show that rainfall related vegetation phenology can bias the detection of gradual vegetation change (bush encroachment), while detecting vegetation loss processes reliably.


This paper uses the positions and attitudes of SPOT 5's dim document,adopts the precise arithmetic to get the initial values of the exterior orientation,then establishes the condition equations to calculate a modificatory matrix which contains multi-errors caused by orbit and the angle between camera and satellite roof.The next step is using the model to locate the ground points.This method improves the precision of positioning greatly.


1 Kjell Jeppson, Chalmers University of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, FTE/MC2, Göteborg, Sweden, email@example.com 2 All authors are with Chalmers University of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Göteborg, Sweden, Abstract Results from an extensive study of why a substantial number of students at the Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering programs at Chalmers University of Technology choose to interrupt their studies during the first two years will be presented. Efforts from our side to lower the attrition rate and improve student success will also be presented. Such efforts include Introductory Calculus courses, mentor programs and supplemental instruction, peer learning groups, "second chance" repetition courses, and introductory project courses. The presentation will point out some important reasons why students choose to leave the EE and CE programs to which they have been accepted. We have also looked for early warning signs. One important observation is that of those students who fail in the first calculus examination as many as 40% will drop out during the first three terms. On the other hand, of the students who pass the first calculus examination only 4% drop out. So, warning signals are visible already at mid-term after 8 weeks. Special efforts to improve student success and avoid failure in the first math examination will be presented. Those students who fail in the first calculus examination (despite our efforts to prevent this from happening) was offered a "second chance repetition course in mathematics" and results from this effort will be reported. Index Terms  Freshman year, introductory mathematics, examination rate, attrition rate, peer learning groups.


Background: Maximal safe resection remains the most desired goal of insular glioma surgery. Intraoperative surgical adjuncts provide better tumor visualization and real-time "safety" data but remain limited due to a high cost and limited availability. Objective: To highlight the importance of anatomical landmarks in insular glioma resection and avoidance of vascular complications. We also propose to objectify the onco-functional balance in insular glioma surgery. Methods: Forty-six insular gliomas operated upon by a single surgeon between January 2015 and February 2020 were reviewed, focusing on the operative technique and clinical outcomes. A novel composite postoperative outcome index (CPOI) was designed, comprising the extent of resection and permanent postoperative deficits, and utilized to assess the surgical outcomes. Results: Gross-total, near-total, and subtotal resections were achieved in 10.9%, 52.1% (n = 24), and 36.9% (n = 17) patients, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was 20 months (95% CI = 9.56–30.43). CPOI was optimal in 38 patients (82.6%). A well-defined tumor margin (P = 0.01) and surgeon's experience (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with an optimal CPOI. Out of seven (15.2%) patients who developed permanent neurological deficits, three (6.5%) patients had severe disability. Favorable prognostic factors of survival included younger age (<40 years) (P = 0.002), tumors with only frontal lobe extension (P = 0.011), tumors with caudate head involvement (P = 0.04), and non-glioblastoma histology (P = 0.006). Conclusion: Tumor margin and increasing surgeon experience are critical to an optimal postoperative outcome. Respecting the basi-sulcal plane is key to lenticulostriate artery preservation. Caudate head involvement is a new favorable prognostic factor in insular gliomas.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of drought and flooding on the photosynthetic activity of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindh), cultivar 'America'. We analyzed the chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf gas exchange in plants, with approximately 12 months, grown in greenhouse and subjected to water deficit. Analyses were initiated two days after the onset of drought and one day after the flooding, resulting in four evaluations during the maintenance of stress. Net photosynthesis was reduced by stomatal limitation in both stresses. The condition of water restriction did not alter the maximum quantum yield. The photosynthetic performance indexes showed differences between stresses, featuring the plants of plum cv America as the most susceptible to drought than flooding.


This study aims to determine whether the revenue recognition of PT Mitra Sukses Mamminasata fit or not with PSAK 72. This study's using descriptive qualitative approach. This study indicate that the company recognized their revenue accordance to PSAK 72, with five special steps in recognition process: (1) identify the contract with customer; (2) identify obligation; (3) determine the price; (4) allocate the transaction price; (5) recognize the revenue.


Electron beam excited mixtures of argon and helium with different chlorine donors have been investigated in order to study the optical emission characteristics as well as the formation and quenching processes of ArCl* and Ar/sub 2/Cl*. Emission from the ArCl* (B--X) and ArCl* (D--X) transitions is observed. Due to the competition between formation of ArCl* and Cl/sub 2/*, Cl* is identified to be their common precursor. Three body quenching of ArCl* yields Ar/sub 2/Cl* which radiates around (245 +- 5) nm with a bandwidth (FWHM) of 35 nm. Quenching rate constants for Ar/sub 2/Cl* and a radiative lifetime of (240 +- 40) ns have been determined.


This paper examines how Africa's share in the contribution to global scientific knowledge can be boosted with existing intellectual property rights (IPRs) mechanisms. The findings which broadly indicate that tight IPRs are correlated with knowledge contribution can be summarized in two main points. First, the enshrinement of IPRs laws in a country's constitution is a good condition for knowledge economy. Secondly, while main intellectual property (IP) laws, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) treaties, and bilateral treaties are positively correlated with scientific publications, the IPRs law channels have a negative correlation. Whereas the study remains expositional, it does however offer interesting insights into the need for IPRs in the promotion of knowledge contribution within sampled countries of the continent. Other policy implications are discussed.


Results are given on the half-life T of berkelium-249 derived from observations on the activities of 30 radiometric preparations made over periods of up to 1181 days (about 3.6 T). The result is 330 + or - 4 days for 0.95 probability and agrees within 0.3% with the previous value of 329 + or - 4 days derived from observations on the same specimens for shorter periods up to about 600 days (about 1.83 T). This indicates that the previous result is reliable and that the radiometric determinations are correct, as well as that the radiochemical purity of the berkelium-249 specimens was high.


The current rural property system needs an innovation because it has restricted the assets building in the process of urbanization for rural population.We think it can be resolved from the following aspects: first,establish the reasonable structure of rural property;second,determine the reasonable land use term;third,formulate the reasonable land transferring conditions and partners,and make the rural orientated assets to town orientated assets after the transformation.


The electronic spectrum and the polarisation of the transitions have been determined in the region from 15000 to 50000 cm−1 for the 2-acetamino derivative of trans-15, 16-dimethyl-dihydropyrene, whose spectrum resembles closely that of the parent compound and its di-ethyl analogue. It is shown that the sequence of states is 1Lb, 1La, 1Bb, 1Ba, in agreement with theoretical predictions which were deduced from a configuration interaction model for the D2h-π-perimeter of these systems. The influence of inductive and hyperconjugative effects on the band positions and the band intensities has been discussed.


Implementation of the Mobile Seamless Learning Strategy at SDU Bumi Kartini has a significant influence on students' concept mastery ability, Mobile seamless learning also has advantages 1) students are able to learn unlimited classrooms and time, 2) students can learn anytime and anywhere, 3) integrated learning between formal education and non-formal education, 4) students are digital native so they are very familiar with the world of mobile phones, 5) students can learn both personally and socially, 6) students are able to learn both digitally and physically. The research conducted at Bumi Kartini Elementary School in Jepara Central Java Indonesia, This is quantitative research conducted using a quasi-experimental whit non-equivalent control group. The participants are student IV class (Makkah, Jeddah, Medina, Yunani) Subject were selected by classing cluster random sampling.


The importance of the risk management system in the implementation of state programs and national projects in the conditions of increasing instability of the environment is very high. This determines the importance of the formed management system as mature, flexible, adaptive, based on modern methods and principles. Performance management based on a risk-based approach allows you to solve a number of tasks to eliminate omissions and shortcomings that hinder the implementation of Programs. The purpose of such management is to establish a link between the effectiveness of risk management and the effectiveness of Program implementation. Achieving this goal requires consistent implementation of the measures justified in this work, and includes the choice of the movement strategy on the part of the top management of the program, ways and methods of achieving the desired goal, as well as constant monitoring of activities in the implementation of state programs and national projects.


Research has been conducted to describe the ability to know the concept of numbering at children group A through the Dakon's Game modification. The research method is to use quasi experimental research with nonequivalent pre-test post-test control group design. Population and samples are group A kindergartens in Sidoarjo. Data collection techniques using observation sheets. The results showed that there was an influence on the Dakon's game modification to the ability to know the concept of numbering at group A. Keywordsknow the number concept, modification Dakon game, group A


observatirlns recorded on species of Lampvride heretofore encountered by which support his former observations and show specific distinctions. the' a paper embracing very similar observations on (probably) Pltotinus ardens Lec, and emphasizing the bearing of the behaviour of these insects on the theory of phototactic


There has been a recent increase in the use and availability of full-color copiers. With this increase comes a greater potential for criminal use. Research by the authors has shown that many products of full-color copiers can be differentiated by the use of microscopy, infrared luminescence, infrared reflectance, and laser luminescence.


The Vitamin A, Retinol - Binding Protein, Beta Carotene and Zinc Concentrations in Children With Insulin - Dependent Diabetes Mellitus


The small cities and communities are linked thru a net of communication, in general of national and international hegemony: radio, telephonic, television and digital conglomerates arrive to the last corners of territories. With them, the voices of the hegemonic power (ideological, cultural, linguistic), becomes the official language legitimized for the set of people. That's how the culture get hegemonized, the social visions of the world, the languages in all of their expressions y denies the diversity of voices that form the cultural richness on the countries, of the indigenous, of the local communities. The community radios, in all of its versions, modalities and ideologies constitute a movement of resistance, a process of education 1 Doctor en Educación. Profesor asociado del Departamento de Educación y Director del Magister en Desarrollo Humano Local y Regional de la Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. email@example.com ORCID iD 0000-0001-5313-342X. 2 Secretario del Centro Radiofónico Ercilla, Representante Legal y Programador-Locutor de la Radio Comunitaria Ercilla 100.3 FM. radioercilla@


The wild species of rice, Oryza rufipogon , is a source of genetic variation for yield-enhancing traits and blast resistance. With the objective to genetically enhance the elite rice cultivar, 'Samba Mahsuri', a set of 192 BC 2 F 2 and BC 2 F 3 lines developed from O. rufipogon was characterized for yield-enhancing traits and blast resistance. The study revealed the presence of significant genetic variability and transgressive segregation for productive tillers, spikelets per panicle, and grain yield per plant. The study also identified several introgression lines superior to the recurrent parent for yield enhancing traits and blast resistance. Molecular characterization of 26 blast resistant lines identified multiple blast resistance genes in IL-136 [ Pib , Pi 9 (t), Pi54 , Pi 38, Pitp and Pi 20(t)], IL-3 [ Pib , Pi54 , Pi 38, Pitp and Pi 20(t)], and IL-140 [ Pib , Pi 9(t), Pi54 , Pi38 , and Pitp ]. Based on the performance of yield-enhancing traits and blast resistance, seven lines (IL-27, IL-28, IL-29, IL-72, IL-139, IL-158 and IL-171) showed merit. Estimation of the recovery of the recurrent parental genome by using 117 polymorphic SSR markers revealed that recurrent-parental genome recovery varied from 54.0 (IL-158) to 92.3% (IL-27). These promising, high-yielding introgression lines with multiple blast-resistance genes can serve as important genetic resources for yield and blast resistance improvement in rice, especially for the southern India.


This paper is an acoustic phonetic description of vowels in Hetang Cantonese, and focuses on the diphthongization of nuclear vowels. Different to the representative dialect such as Guangzhou or Hong Kong Cantonese, the Hetang dialect exhibits its unique characteristics regarding the phonetics and phonology of vowels. A noticeable phenomenon is the diphthongization of nuclear vowesl. And, a tetraphthong [uɔɐi] emerges when the nuclear vowel is diphthongized in a triphthong.


A Tunable Active Inductor (TAI) based Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) for Radio Frequency (RF) applications ranging from 670 MHz - 1.53 GHz is presented. A design of low phase noise and compact VCO is proposed. In order to lower the phase noise of VCO, its RF output power has been improved. The use of low voltage active in-ductor circuit reduces the power dissipation of VCO. The single ended CMOS active inductors with minimum number of transistors are used to consume less die area of VCO circuit. The low power dissipation of the circuit have high efficiency to generate output RF power. A supply independent variable current source tunes the VCO. The post layout design is simulated in Cadence spectreRF using TSMC 180 nm process libraries. The VCO circuit shows the phase noise variation from -124 to  - 126 dBc/Hz and an active area of 0.0049 mm2. The VCO core circuit, excluding output buffers, consumes 10 mW at 1.8 V supply voltage.


Ternary and higher-order borides remain an underexplored area in the search for hard materials. The difficulties associated with purely systematic experimental investigations have largely hindered the consideration of such complex...


Arterial specification and differentiation are influenced by a number of regulatory pathways. While it is known that the Vegfa-Notch cascade plays a central role, the transcriptional hierarchy controlling arterial specification has not been fully delineated. To elucidate the direct transcriptional regulators of Notch receptor expression in arterial endothelial cells, we used histone signatures, DNaseI hypersensitivity and ChIP-seq data to identify enhancers for the human NOTCH1 and zebrafish notch1b genes. These enhancers were able to direct arterial endothelial cell-restricted expression in transgenic models. Genetic disruption of SoxF binding sites established a clear requirement for members of this group of transcription factors (SOX7, SOX17 and SOX18) to drive the activity of these enhancers in vivo. Endogenous deletion of the notch1b enhancer led to a significant loss of arterial connections to the dorsal aorta in Notch pathway-deficient zebrafish. Loss of SoxF function revealed that these factors are necessary for NOTCH1 and notch1b enhancer activity and for correct endogenous transcription of these genes. These findings position SoxF transcription factors directly upstream of Notch receptor expression during the acquisition of arterial identity in vertebrates. Summary: Identification of novel enhancers in vertebrate Notch1 genes places SoxF transcription factors directly upstream of Notch signalling in controlling arterial specification and differentiation.


swamp for farmland in the mid 1800s. The resulting soil was extremely fertile, and a rich farming culture emerged throughout the region. An extensive train system during the latter 1800s connected it to markets in the East and South, making a number of the cities very cosmopolitan that are now isolated and in decline. Oil deposits discovered at the end of the 19th century brought a rush of settlers to the town of Bowling Green and outlying areas, but these deposits ran out within several decades, leaving behind Victorian homes and mansions, as well as a world-famous glass industry in the city of Toledo on the northeast border of the region. Established in the early 1800s on the southern shore of Lake Erie, Toledo became a port city and center for auto industries. Bowling Green now has a number of small manufacturing and food processing facilities (Heinz ketchup used to be manufactured there), but its largest industry is a state university. Bowling Green's population of around 30,000 increases by about 19,000 when students are counted, and the university population adds a diversity of cultures and races that are missing in the otherwise homogenous, Germanand Anglo-American heritage of this rural region. Nearby Toledo is much more diverse with historical Irish, Polish, Hungarian, and Hispanic neighborhoods along with African-Americans and southern Appalachian migrants. The local food tends heavily towards the basic meat-andpotatoes stereotype of middle America: white bread, deep-fried foods, relatively few fresh vegetables, heavy use of dairy products and sugar, and salads that emphasize iceburg lettuce with bacon bits, mayonnaise-based mixtures of vegetables with cheese cubes, and jello with fruits (and frequently cool whip or marshmallows). Heavily German-influenced, there were also traditions of sausages and sauerkraut, and in the past, beer brewing.5 The first task was to identify local food traditions and individuals representing those traditions. Initially, I had a grant to oversee undergraduate and graduate students doing fieldwork and library research. Much of their work was based on fieldwork that I had done over the past two decades. We then developed an extensive exhibit for a local history museum, a food ways section for the annual 'Heritage Days' festival, and public programming to accompany a three-week viewing of the Smithsonian Institution's traveling exhibit on American food, Key Ingredients. These projects were fairly standard public folklore work, however, they led to collaborations with the local chamber of commerce and economic development office to develop two more projects: a 'Culinary Expo' at the town mall of In the last decade, culinary tourism has emerged as a burgeoning and profitable industry that focuses on food destinations — specifically, exotic and expensive ones that require travel and money.1 The industry emphasizes gourmet entertainment for a select few who can afford it along with other amenities, and the product being sold on the surface is actually the experience of the tourist as a consumer — which needs to be satisfying and fulfilling — so that he or she will return or recommend the experience to others.2 Tourism in general is frequently critiqued as a colonialist project, as the exploitation of another culture for the amusement, relaxation, even edification of members of a hegemonic culture.3 In this critique, the tourism industry is part of the larger capitalist, free-market economy that is globalizing the world in its own image. Individuals who participate in tourism, regardless of their intentions or actions, are then participating in the structures of this post-modern colonialism. While I agree that tourism as an industry reflects historical class inequalities and cultural 'othering,' I argue here that culinary tourism also offers the potential to 'see' the world differently in a manner that empowers individuals to effect real change. A folkloristic understanding of culinary tourism as an exploration of the meanings of foods and the cultures surrounding them challenges peoples' notions of 'good food,' local and regional identity, and of tourism itself.4 As such, it reclaims the power to define the meanings of these phenomena. Is it possible to then insert those meanings into tourist activities, rendering those activities 'counter-hegemonic', so that they defy, subvert, or at least challenge the authority of the power structure? I explore these possibilities here by examining a culinary tourism project in a small town in the American Midwest.


This paper proposes a semi supervised text categorization using bootstrapping. The System uses the Maximum Entropy Model as the text classifier. It learns more automatic labeled samples as new seed training samples from unlabeled samples using a small size of seed training samples. In this paper, we use a weighted factor to adjust the weight of new seed samples during the following training process. The experimental results show that the proposed system performs better than the conventional system with the same labeled documents. And it yields 70 56% F1 using only 100 labeled documents for each category, 4 7% over the conventional system does. And it can provide the same performance as the conventional system using 50% or less training samples. The results also show that the weighted factor can improve the performance.


Zhang Lan was one of the leaders in the Sichuan Campainn of Defending Railways and waged tit-for-tat struggles against Zhao Er-feng,the new governor of the Sichuan Province,becoming an important person to arouse the Revolution of 1911.About the time of Zhang Lan's firat reasoning cross words with Zhao Er-feng,the circle of researchers has three ways of saying.Which way of saying is corretl becones one of the important problems to be solved in the study of Zhang Lan.In this paper the writer has put forward his own idea after exanining lots of historical literature.


Serratia marecescens RH1 isolated from soil samples produced large amount of extracellular proteases. One of the genes encoding an extracellular protease form S. marcescens RH1 was cloned in Escherichia coli by shot gun cloning method. The cloned protease, SSP, was stably expressed by its own promoter and excreted into the extracellular medium from E. coli host (ORF) of 3.135 nucleotides corresponding to 1.045 amino acids (112 kDa). The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of SSP showed high overall homology (88%) to one of the S. marcescens protease (27), but low homology to other serine protease families. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were pH 9.0 and 45.deg.C respectively. The activity of protease was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), which suggests that the enzyme is a serine protease.


In CSCW system,interactions include both HMI and Hffl but the traditional HMI (Human Machine Interactive Interface)is unable to embody fully the characters of HHI. In the paper below, Firstly, based on the analyses of shared workspace and group awareness in CSCW system, the minimum awareness set necessary to satisfy the system is induced. Secondly, the methods of "dynamical combination cursor"and "color notation"to enhance interactive awareness among group members are discussed, when we design the interface of CSCW system. Finally, concepts of " Status synchro-nization"and "Action synchronization"are proposed to solve the interface shared problem.


Starting with the analysis of the modern development of college English education and the research of the Multimedia CALL(Multimedia Computer-Assisted Language Learning),this paper discusses the negative aspect in the computerization of modern English teaching.In the light of the post-modern perspective on curriculum,this paper points out that the improvement of the technology does not necessarily bring about the enhancement of learning,and tries to offer some suggestions for the multimedia CALL.