Thepurposeofthispaperistoverify theaging characteristics ofdomestic polymerhouseddistribution surge arresters. Inthisstudyaccelerated agingtestequipment was developed tosimulate field condition ofthedistribution polymer housedsurgearresters. Polymeric housing ofdistribution surge arresters shouldbedegraded byenvironmental stress andthe interface between housing andinnermodulecanbeaffected by moisture ingress. Thismoisture absorption shouldincrease leakage current andmaketracking damageattheinterface. Proposed agingtestequipment cansimulate UV,temperature, humidity, voltage, salt fogandrainanditcanmonitor total and resistive leakage current ofarresters. Inaddition we carried outfield exposure test attheoutdoor test yardandcharacteristic analysis of fieldoperated arresters. And thenelectrical performance of arresters, insulation condition of housing material andsurface condition ofthehousing werecompared. vvW ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~V PLC


BACKGROUND: Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the authors have previously demonstrated a reduction in the N-acetyl aspartate/(creatine and phosphocreatine) (NAA/(Cr+PCr)) ratio in the motor region in bulbar-onset MND patients, attributed to neuronal loss or dysfunction leading to a reduction in NAA. We have expanded this analysis to evaluate absolute concentrations of NAA, (Cr+PCr) and choline-containing compounds (Cho) in the subcortical white matter in the motor region in 16 MND patients (8 with bulbar onset and 8 with limb onset) and 8 healthy, age-matched controls. METHODS: Single voxel 1 H-MRS was performed using a PRESS localization sequence. Metabolite concentrations were determined using the water signal as an internal standard. RESULTS: We found no differences in the concentrations of NAA ([NAA]), (Cr+PCr) ([Cr+PCr]) or Cho ([Cho]) in the motor region on comparing the total MND group and controls (P>0.3). No difference was found in [NAA] in the bulbar-onset group compared with the limb-onset group (P=0.70), but [Cr+PCr] was significantly higher in the bulbar-onset group (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that [Cr+PCr] may be affected by the pathological process in MND, and this should be considered in the interpretation of metabolite peak area ratios. The elevated (Cr+PCr) may represent gliosis in the subcortical white matter in the motor cortex region. (ALS 2000; 1:123–129)


The ambit of the National Payment System (NPS) or "payment system" is described in the South African Reserve Bank National Payment System Framework and Strategy 2010 (South African Reserve Bank 2006 (hereinafter "Vision 2010") as "the entire process of making payment, in other words, it entails the process (including but not limited to) that enables the payer to make a payment, thepayer to issue a payment instruction via a payment instrument or other infrastructure, the institution to receive the payment instruction via clearing or otherwise, the process of clearing and settlement (where applicable), the beneficiary to accept the payment instruction, the beneficiary to deliver the payment instruction to an institution for collection, the institution to receive and deliver the payment collection into clearing and settlement, and the beneficiary to receive the benefit of the payment. Within the described process, banks, third-person payment providers, system operators, PCH system operators (PCH refers to a 'payment clearing house') and agents of payers and/or beneficiaries are included". (The terms "NPS" and "payment system" are used interchangeably to denote the wider payment system and not individual payment streams.) In the first Shrek movie, the ogre described himself as complex and as having many layers, like an onion (see http://www.dreamworks.com). In order to understand the ogre, it is necessary to peel the layers of the onion. It is evident from the above description of the ambit of the NPS that it, like an ogre, is complex and has multiple layers. This note uses the concept of an onion to deconstruct the multiple layers of the NPS. These multiple layers are to the majority of people outside of NPS circles, including lawyers, a mystery. The note is, therefore, an attempt to demystify the legal and regulatory framework pertaining to the NPS by peeling the layers of the "onion".


Objective To observe the clinical eficacy of paroxetine combines low dose Olanzapine in treatment of depression.Methods 60 patients with depressive disorder were randomly divided into research(n=30,took paroxetine combines low dose Olanzapine)and control group(n=30,did single paroxetine)for 4 weeks.Curative effects were assessed with the HAMD.Results There were significant diferences between the two groups by total curative after 4 weeks(P0.05).There were no significant diferences of the adverse reaction between the two groups.Conclusion Paroxetine combines low dose Olanzapine takes effect faster in treatment depression,conquering the shortcomings that antidepressant's single use is a long time to onset.Improving the dyssomnia and anxious quickly.


SOME READERS MAY BE SURPRISED to find this article in an issue on collection evaluation. Are online databases indeed a part of the collection, or are they a type of reference service? In actuality, they are both. Databases have become an important part of libraries' reference collections 2nd may in some cases serve as a substitute for theaddition of print materials to these collections. Online databases, both bibliographic and numeric, have been reported to be part of library collections. The literature will be analyzed from this point of view. An online database is a machine-readable file of organized information with which the user interacts by means of a terminal connected to the computer housing the file. The terminal may be wired directly to the computer or it may communicate with it via a telecommunications network. The important feature of the online mode is that the user interacts with the information in the computer, sending and receiving messages in an almost instantaneous time frame. This paper deals only with those databases which can be accessed directly by a user from hidher own library and does not deal with many available in information analysis centers to which the user cannot be directly linked online. Many information analysis centers receive, analyze and prepare online files. These are, for the most part, accessed only by center personnel or others in the information center's host institution or agency. For the most part dial-up access to the information analysis center is not available for libraries. Instead, the library usually submits a


Two quantitative diagnostic mathematical models are proposed, with studying on thermo-economics of co-generation unit influenced by the differences in the standard values and operation values of terminal temperature difference and extraction steam pressure lose of heat exchanger for district heating. Then the calculated results of two mathematical models are compared, so the method to satisfy the practical engineering is obtained.


These glass spearheads were made in the 19th Century by an Australian Aboriginal craftsman. The glass they are made from would not have been manufactured by the same person; the skills, techniques and machinery were not available to this community. Instead they gathered unwanted glass used for power lines on telegraph poles and domestic objects and 'knapped' them into the desired shape.


About 65% or the individuals with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) have mutations in at least one of the CFTR alleles. We have studied the phenotypic effects of the CFTR gene intron 8 polyT tract 5T allele in 90 CBAVD subjects and in parents of CF patients. This group was compared with normal individuals, and with fathers and mothers of CF patients. Allele 5T was significantly associated with CBAVD (19.6%) when compared to the general population (5.2%) ({chi}{sup 2} = 33.3%; p<<0.0001). It was represented poorly in fathers of CF patients (1.3%). Mutations were identified in one (60%) or both CFTR alleles (8.9%) of CBAVD patients. Heterozygosity for the 5T allele was strongly associated with heterozygosity for CF mutations ({chi}{sup 2} = 10.9; p<0.0004). The strong correlation between allele 5T and CBAVD, together with the low frequency of this allele in fathers of CF patients, demonstrates that variable {Delta}exon 9 produces infertility in males if associated with a CF mutation on the other chromosome. The 30% of CBAVD cases with only one CFTR mutation and without a 5T-allele may be due to other molecular mechanisms involving CFTR, distinct from {Delta}exon 9. Since there is a relatively highmore » proportion of CBAVD without CF mutations (25%), other gene(s), distinct from CFTR, may have a role in the CBAVD phenotype.« less


Modern components and materials allow creating increasingly complex, multi-functional prostheses with userspecific intelligent behavior. Complex behavior control, though, has to employ more accurate and precise models of the amputee and his prosthesis to be able to make use of the prosthesis' complete functionality. In this work, we concentrate on the accurate phase detection within a fine-grained and state-full gait model for the continuous level gait. To this, we rely on four electromyography (EMG) sensors, placed at the thigh, and two force sensing resistors (FSR), placed below the heel and the toe. FSRs and a timed gait model are used to automatize EMG data recordings. Afterwards, gait model performance is verified using only EMG data. Here, we use support vector machines to detect muscular activity changes, indicating a new gait phase and therefore, a state switch within the gait model. We show that our approach generalizes well, even when using only 20 to 30 seconds for training. The gait model reaches accuracies of roughly 67% for an amputee and of 75% for a non-amputee individual when using a precise, seven phase level gait model.


How do the billions of connections between neurons in our brain change as we learn and remember? This is the story of the discovery and the discoverer of synaptic pruning, the process of synapse elimination central to making us who we are. Taking the reader from Professor Peter Huttenlocher's childhood in wartime and post-war Germany to his emigration to the US to reunite with his mother and the launch and progress of a career in medicine and research, we uncover the motivations and process of scientific discovery that led to an unexpected leap in our understanding of the human brain. Decades after the discovery, the importance of synaptic pruning to early learning, autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and other conditions are now in the process of being uncovered.


A relatively frequent problem encountered among patients hospitalized in general hospitals is the proper assessment of their alcohol consumption and the corresponding treatment to be provided in the event of excessive consumption. Persistent barriers make it difficult to identify all of alcoholic patients who, during the duration their hospitalization, have greater opportunity to modify their behavior. This paper's aim is to identify the characteristics and resources of hospitalized alcoholic patients in order to develop appropriate care strategies. The establishment and reinforcement of the link between the liaison psychiatrist and the patient would give the patient more therapeutic opportunities.


Information sharing is essential for autonomous driving supported by communications and smart traffic driven by big data. It enables the acquisition of knowledge in cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS), which ultimately increases the integrity and accuracy of road environmental data and thereby improves the efficiency, safety and comfort of the traffic system. Moreover, many cloud services and applications, such as self-healing HD Maps, demand massive information sharing by means of vehicle-to-X (V2X) communications. In this paper, we review two existing frameworks for information sharing in C-ITS, which are open, standardized and commonly accepted: SENSORIS primarily targets at data sharing with and among clouds, specifically for digital maps. V2X-Messaging focuses on road safety and traffic efficiency based on ad hoc communications among C-ITS-Stations (C-ITS-S), including vehicles, the roadside infrastructure and backends. Then, we analyze both frameworks considering various technical criteria and involved use cases. Finally, we propose a hybrid software architecture that combines both information sharing approaches and facilitates interworking between SENSORIS and V2X-Messaging in order to enhance C-ITS application.


The data from OCEANSAT-1 MSMR in the passive microwave region have been analyzed to estimate the ice surface emissivities (/spl epsiv/) over Antarctica. The Indian Station Maitri (70/spl deg/45' S, 11/spl deg/45' E) was chosen for the first case study. The brightness temperatures (T/sub b/) were retrieved over Maitri from the satellite data at 18 and 21 GHz for both the V and the H polarizations. The in situ measurements of the ice surface temperatures (Tp) were collected by the Indian scientists stationed at Maitri. The T/sub b/, and the Tp values were used to derive the /spl epsiv/ values. The results show that the estimated /spl epsiv/ values are in good agreement with the expected values, thereby confirming that the MSMR data can be used for mapping the surface emissivity of the ice-sheets in Antarctica to a reasonable degree of accuracy.


Ficken, MS. 1977. Avian play. Auk 94, 573-582 Fry, D.P. 1987. Differences between playfighting and serious fighting among Zapotec children. Ethology and Sociobiology 8, 285-306. Ortega, J.C. & Bekoff, M. 1987. Avian play comparative evolutionary and developmental trends. Auk 104, 338341. Parry, V. 1970. Kookaburras. Lansdowne Press, Melbourne. Parry, V. 1973. The auxiliary social system and its effect on territory and breeding in Kookaburras. Emu 73, 81-100. Pellis, S.M. 1979. A study of play behaviour. Ph.D. thesis, Monash University. Pellis, S.M. 1981a. A description of social play by the Australian Magpie, Gymnorhina tibicen, based on Eshkol-Wachman notation. Bird Behaviour 3,61-79. Pellis, S.M. 1981b. Exploration and play in the behavioural development of the Australian Magpie, Gymnorhina tibicen. Bird Behaviour 3, 37-49. Pellis, S.M. 1983. Development of head and foot co-ordination in the Australian Magpie, Gymnorhina tibicen, and the function of play. Bird Behaviour 4, 57-62. Pettifor, R.A. 1984. Play behaviour in adult European Kestrels, Falco tinnunculus. Bird Behaviour 5, 130-132. Watson, D.M. 1990. Play behaviour in a captive group of Red-necked Wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus banksianus). Ph.D. thesis, University of New South Wales.


The purpose of the study is referred to observe the efficiency of physical education class, using the variable "Time student movement" (TSM), a parameter that gives a reference to the results obtained in the state and national competitions of the physical education class in the basic education in Mexico (students aged between 5 to 14 years old), making a comparative study of TSM, including physical education programs; 1. Dynamic Motor Integration implemented in 1993-2008 and 2. Teaching competency from 2008. In the latter shows the few minutes of practice of students in the objectives. Adding another study concerning to the physical activation at the school "Rhythmic aerobic routines with music"


We performed high-resolution Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sphere of unknown size in the Mie scattering region. Apart from a slow, oscillatory structure (wiggles), which is due to an interference effect, the measured FTIR extinction spectrum exhibits a ripple structure, which is due to electromagnetic resonances. We fully characterize the underlying electromagnetic mode structure of the spectrum by assigning two mode numbers to each of the ripples in the measured spectrum. We show that analyzing the ripple structure in the spectrum in the wavenumber region from about $3000\,$cm$^{-1}$ to $8000\,$cm$^{-1}$ allows us to both determine the unknown radius of the sphere and the PMMA index of refraction, which shows a strong frequency dependence in this near-infrared spectral region. While in this paper we focus on examining a PMMA sphere as an example, our method of determining the refractive index and its dispersion from synchrotron infrared extinction spectra is generally applicable for the determination of the index of refraction of any transparent substance that can be shaped into micron-sized spheres.


The discussion on the role and importance of time in the process of internationalization of firms belongs to the mainstream of research in the field of internationalization. In the literature, the phenomenon of early and rapid internationalization was noticed in the early 1980s; however, the intensive development of the research into this phenomenon began a decade later and continues today. For several years in Poland, the share of early internationalized firms has been growing. These firms start their international activities almost from their inception. The main objective of the article is to present the pace of the internationalization process of firms from the perspective of two major theoretical approaches and its empirical verification. The article includes the literature review as well as the results of a survey conducted among 263 high-tech production firms from Poland. In the summary of the article, future directions of research are pointed out.


Objectives Medical decision-making at the end of life is common and should be as patient-centred as possible. Our study investigates older adults' preferences towards three medical treatments that are frequently included in advance directive forms and their association with social, regional and health characteristics. Setting A cross-sectional study using population-based data of wave 8 (2019/2020) of the Swiss component of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Participants 1430 adults aged 58 years and older living in Switzerland. Primary and secondary outcome measures Three questions on the preferences regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); life-prolonging treatment in case of high risk of permanent mental incapacity; reduced awareness (sedation) to relieve unbearable pain and symptoms. Their associations with individuals' social, regional and health characteristics. Results Most older adults expressed a wish to receive CPR (58.6%) and to forgo life-prolonging treatment in case of permanent mental incapacity (92.2%). Most older adults also indicated that they would accept reduced awareness if necessary to receive effective treatment for pain and distressing symptoms (59.2%). Older adults' treatment preferences for CPR and life-prolonging treatment differed according to sex, age, partnership status, linguistic region and health status, while willingness to accept reduced awareness for effective symptom treatment was more similarly distributed across population groups. Conclusions Simultaneous preferences for CPR and refusal of life-prolonging treatment might appear to be conflicting treatment goals. Considering individuals' values and motivations can help clarify ambivalent treatment decisions. Structured advance care planning processes with trained professionals allows for exploring individuals' motivations and values and helps to identify congruent care and treatment goals.


Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to present the results of research on the development and justification of the economic and environmental feasibility of implementing innovative projects for organizing of production organic products (on an example of the project of cultivation of organic potatoes using minimal technology (mini-till)). Methodology / approach. The basis for preparing the project for the production of organic potatoes is the author's methodology, which includes a form and recommendations for the development of a business plan for an innovative agricultural project. The study used the following methods: abstract-logical (theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions); analysis and synthesis (justification and analysis of project indicators); monographic (depth analysis of the issue under study); calculation-constructive (determination of the main parameters of the project and economic efficiency). Results. The theoretical and practical aspects of project management in organic agricultural production are substantiated (on the example of the project of organization of organic potato production). An innovative project for organizing organic potato production using minimal technology (mini-till) was developed, and the investment attractiveness of this project was estimated. The author's methodology for developing a business plan for an innovative agricultural project has been tested. Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the paper is that the regulations on the application of project management in organic agricultural production on the market platform of environmental entrepreneurship have been further developed, which is reflected in the developed environmentally oriented project. This is one of the first papers to examine the project management in organic agricultural production in Ukraine. Practical value / implications. The project of organizing organic potato production has been developed and economically substantiated. It can be used by stakeholders for practical implementation and/or as a basis for preparing such a project taking into account the individual characteristics of a specific agricultural enterprise. The calculated economic parameters of the project are the basis for managing marketing activities, resource support, personnel, cost and efficiency of the project, organization of project financing and project risk management.


In this paper we proposed a defect detection on the pattern pabric. This defect usually occured since the pattern is shifted, broken, or different to the intended design. To solve this problem, we use comparing signals approch.To do that, we first modeled the images in a 2D nonparametric regression. Moreover, to cope with the correlation between the neighbour of each pixels, we model the errors correlated in their neighbourhoods. The image is divided into two parts vertically, and then a hypothesis test is constructed so that the left image is the same to the right one, against they are significantly different. Similarly, then the image is divided horizontally, and perform the same test for the upper and lower images. To reject or faild to reject the hypothesis we need to measure the distance between two nonparametric regressions. Since the distribution of test statistic under the hypothesis null is not known. In this method we use the standardized modification of the Mallows distance and construct spatial bootstrap for representing the distribution of the test statistic. To preserve the bound of a pixel to its neighbourhood we construct a spatial bootstrap. The reject hypothesis imply that the defects are found in that particular area.


The potentials of entrepreneurship for unlocking youth-led livelihood development was explored in 5 districts of Sierra Leone, West Africa. Interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussion, and field observation were used to collect data. Reports and different literatures were also reviewed. The analyses of the survey indicated that entrepreneurship has a great potential in creating employment opportunities for young women and men. Poor microfinance services, inadequate policies and strategies along with low level of enforcement and poor infrastructure account as the major problem contributors to the low levels of entrepreneurship employment opportunities for the youth in Sierra Leone. The study also revealed as entrepreneurship development has a great alternative potentials which could help to reduce the present youth unemployment rate in the country. Offering credit facilities, business management skills, mentorship and coaching services to young enterprise operators and creation of the enabling environment (reinforcing of policies and strategies) for entrepreneurship are identified as the major contributors for entrepreneurship related employment opportunities.


The core objective of this research paper is to classify soil a particular region and also perform the scientific study for the prediction of suitable crops, which will yield more profit to the agronomist.  The production of agriculture is mainly depends on soil type, cultivation seasons (climate), irrigation method (such as surface, sprinkler, drip/trickle, subsurface etc) and fertilizers (to increase the crop productivity).  Soil is classified based on its physical properties (color, texture, structure, porosity, density etc) and chemical properties (phosphorous, nitrogen, carbon, calcium, magnesium, sodium, pH, potassium, sulfur etc). In this research paper soil types are classified by applying Bayesian models to decision tree algorithm and performed various analysis to verify that soil types are correctly classified and as wells to predict suitable crop cultivation during Kharif (monsoon),  Rabi (winter) and Zaid (summer) seasons along with suitable irrigation methods and  proper use of fertilizers to increase the crop productivity. The proposed algorithm offers unique features by adopting other tree inducers which produce optimum results even though the conditions are leads to chaotic behavior.  The final results obtained are presented which illustrates optimum results and generates best decision tree for classification of  soil type from the soil dataset. The Bayesian approach guarantees that the classifications of soil types are more accurate than the existing Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Decision Tree (DT) algorithms.


a leukocyte count of 2,840 cells/cu mm, 78% polymorphonuctear leukocyte. The spinal fluid contained a protein of 315 mg/ dl, a glucose of 9 mg/ dl, with a Mood glucose level of 187 mg/dl. Lactic dehydrogenase was 88 ~.1,11. Gram stain revealed gram-positive cocci in clusters. Counter-immuno~l~ctrc~phc~resis (CIE) was positive for Streptococcus pneumonia. Hyland Antigen ~ounter-imrnunt~~lectrophoresis apparatus was employed using standard barbital buffer (pH 8.43), disposable buffer wells and standard agar electrophoresis for the CIE (Hyland, Deerfield, IL, and Omniserum from the Staten Island Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark). Blood, urine, and spinal fluid cultures were obtained and therapy with intravenous ampicillin 300 mg/kg/day and chloramphenicol 100 mgfkg/day was instituted. Forty-eight hours after admission, Staphylococcus aureus, sensitive to methicillin, was identified in the spinal fluid culture. Intravenous nafcillin therapy, 200 mg/kg/day, was started, and both arrxpicillin and chlnrarr~pheniccrl were discontinued. A repeat lumbar puncture, 48 hours after admission, revealed 990 l~ukocyt~s/~cu mm, 32% pc~ly_ morphonuclear luekocytes, and 68% lymphocytes, a protein of 65 and a of 79 mg/dl (with a blood glucose concentration of 96 mg/di). The spinal fluid culture again grew S. oMf~M. Blood and urine cultures showed no growth. The patient imcimicaily and Quid obtained on day 15 of admission was sterile. Immunoiogic studies done at that time showed an IgG of 874 mg/di, IgA of 134 mg/dl, and IgM of 192 mg/dl (normal for age). The chemotactic index, random initial migration, and the nitroblue t~tra~c~~iu~n tests were within normal limits. Nafcillin therapy was continued for


We propose a linearized formulation for min–max control problems with separated dynamics. First, we investigate the existence of the value function and saddle points for semicontinuous costs. Second, we obtain dual formulations and dynamic programming principles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The aim of this research was to find out the possibility of using biogas in diesel engine and how much diesel fuel can be saved. Electricity generation unit (Engine- Generation) fueled in both conventional and dual mode. In dual mode, biogas was mixed with air and supplied with required quantity into the engine cylinder with the help of control valve and mixing device. The unit was tested to determine the engine performance characteristics, fuel consumption (fc), specific fuel consumption (sfc), thermal efficiency (), volumetric efficiency (), and CO emissions. The results showed that both thermal and volumetric efficiencies in dual mode were lower than conventional mode by 28% and 11%, respectively. Fuel saving has been achieved 40% when the unit was run at (4.5) kW load.


Single crystals of n-type Bi/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ grown by the Bridgman technique are found to make excellent Hall effect magnetometers. Plots of Hall resistivity sub yx against magnetic field B to 10 tesla are linear to within 1 percent. Furthermore, the slope of the sub yx against B curve varies by about 1 percent in the region 1.1 to 35 K and by less than 20 percent in the region 1.1 to 300 K. Analysis of galvanomagnetic measurements indicate the samples have semimetallic densities of approximately 10 to the 25th power/cu cm, with two band conduction and near carrier compensation. Reflectivity measurements suggest a band gap of approximately 0.08 eV for the samples. The temperature dependence of mobility is also measured. A series of 50 direct immersions into liquid helium and liquid nitrogen demonstrate the reliability of Bi/sub 2/SE/sub 3/ magnetometers for cryogenic use.


Patient positioning in colonoscopy has been proposed as a simple and inexpensive technique to increase luminal distention and improve navigation through the large bowel. We sought to determine if right lateral (RL) starting position compared to the standard left lateral (LL) starting position could improve outcomes in colonoscopy. Patients presenting for their scheduled colonoscopy were consented for the trial and randomized to RL or LL starting position. Variables including age, sex, BMI, time to cecal intubation, adenoma detection rate (ADR), NAPCOMs pain score, amount of sedation administered, and quality of bowel preparation were collected during their colonoscopy. The primary outcome was time to cecal intubation. All colonoscopists who had successfully completed upskilling courses were included in the trial.
A total of 185 patients were included in the analysis - 94 patients were randomized to RL and 91 patients were randomized to LL. No difference was found in time to cecal intubation comparing the starting position of RL (542.6s) to LL (497.85s) (p=0.354). There was also no difference in cecal intubation rate (RL - 94.9%, LL – 94.8%, p=0.960), ADR (RL – 56.3%, LL – 64.8%, p=0.240), or patient comfort (p=0.078) comparing the starting position.
In conclusion, no difference was found for outcomes in colonoscopy comparing the RL and LL starting position.


The release of the neuropeptide of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in the mechanisms of migraine pathology and pain perception as it causes vasodilatation, neurogenic inflammation, mast cell degranulation, sensory signal activation and peripheral sensitivity. Although the findings on the effectiveness of CGRP-targeted therapies in migraine provide new information about the pathophysiology of migraine, questions remain on how the CGRP mechanisms fit into the overall migraine theory. The cryo-EM structure of Gs-protein complexed human CGRP receptor (CGRPR) with bound endogenous CGRP neuropeptide paved the way of understanding the insights into the CGRP receptor function. With several molecular modeling approaches, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and post-MD analyzes, we aimed to investigate the importance of RAMP1 in the stability of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR). Moreover, we compared the binding modes of the CGRP neuropeptide and CGRPR antagonists (i.e., telcagepant and rimegepant) within the presence or absence of RAMP1. We also investigated the global and local effects of bound molecules on CGRPR as well as their effects on the CLR-RAMP1 interaction interfaces. Results showed that although these molecules stay stable at the ectodomain binding site, they can also bind to the orthosteric ligand binding pocket and form the crucial interactions occurred in the CGRP agonism, which may be interpreted as non-specificity of the ligands, however, most of these interactions at orthosteric site are not sustainable or weak. Particularly, RAMP1 may also be important for the stability of TM domain of CLR hereby stabilizing the orthosteric binding pocket.


Observations have shown that, under certain prerequisites, humans are in a position to cause structures to vibrate. Although it is only very seldom that the stability of the structure is endangered from this, such human-induced vibrations are considered as a safety-reducing factor. Investigations have shown that humans can only induce vibration in buildings in a very limited frequency range due to their physiological composition. The frequencies induced by humans walking lie between 2.8 and 3.6 herz. The frequencies possible from jumping lie between 1.0 and 2.8 herz. Both these regions are therefore to be avoided when the structure is designed. (TRRL)


Young adults with IT‐CHB (high viral load and normal liver enzymes) may have underlying hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, or both. Young adults with CHB are also at risk for development of HCC as early as age 30 years, suggesting that the process of development of HCC begins in the IT‐CHB phase. Patients with IT‐CHB seem to have a similar T cell cytokine profile, HBV DNA integration, and clonal expansion of altered hepatocytes as compared with IA‐CHB, suggesting that the IT‐CHB phase may not be a benign phase and may lead to the evolution of cirrhosis and HCC. Newer antiviral agents effectively suppress HBV DNA in patients with IT‐CHB with minimal drug resistance, and thus may decrease the development of cirrhosis and HCC.

In conclusion, patients with IT‐CHB should be considered for treatment with antiviral therapy. This is likely to improve the overall treatment rates for CHB worldwide and decrease the risk for development of cirrhosis and HCC. Treat IT‐HBV; fight against HBV‐HCC.


This is the story of James Macqueen, the driving force behind the forming of the Royal Mail Steam Packet shipping company. The rise and fall of this organization and its passenger ships is related in detail in a compelling narrative supported by a fascinating collection of illustrations and a complete fleet list of every ship owned from 1841 to the 1980s.


Taking a well-known set of guidelines for effectively rehabilitating criminal offenders, we present a unique twist on how to create an effective classroom environment. Based on our 30 years of collective experience, as well as the extant pedagogical research, we outline eight principles of effective classroom teaching. Being a successful college professor requires a range of skills and talents ranging from fostering an open classroom environment based on reinforcement to addressing the various characteristics and abilities students bring to the classroom to assessing appropriate learning outcomes. In essence, an effective classroom teacher must be a "jack of all trades." Whether a first-time instructor in front of a classroom or a seasoned professor, these eight principles provide a simple framework to enhance the impact you have in the classroom and in the overall academic careers of your students.


The study proposed an etiological model for sexually offending behavior against younger victims. In a sample of adolescent sexual offenders (N = 329), it tested whether attachment disruptions, specific maltreatment experiences, or combinations of early abuse experiences played a role in the development of certain unique, core personality traits (i.e., sexual inadequacy, psychopathy, child sexual arousal) that mediate the prediction of sexually coercive behavior. Juvenile sexual offenders were administered the Multidimensional Assessment of Sex and Aggression. In a structural equation model, four significant paths and one minimal path emerged that predicted the preference for younger victims. The model supports the contributory role of emotional abuse (i.e., neglect and antipathy) to the development of the latent variable psychopathy analysis inadequacies and suggests unique features in a subgroup of adolescent child molesters. Thus, this model provides data for the preliminary design of a dimensional model of adolescent sexual coercion against younger children.


Objective – The objective of this paper is to present the results of a systematic literature review concerning empirical research about innovation in the Family Business (FB). Design/methodology/approach – A comprehensive literature review based on an in-depth analysis of 59 empirical studies was carried out. Findings – The revision presents an integrative framework, identifying main determinants and dimensions of innovation; and summarizes main research avenues and existing gaps, in order to guide future research. Practical implications – The paper summarizes main research progress concerning innovation in the Family Business worldwide. Consequently, it allows for better decisions by the managers of these firms. Originality/value – The study of innovation in the Family Business has emerged as a prolific research field over recent years, but current knowledge of how these firms innovate is as yet fragmented and incomplete. Consequently, there has been demand for further research concerning this field.


Analysis of the content, timeliness, and influence of mineral resource assessments developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Bureau of Mines (BoM) for wilderness withdrawal and other management decisions by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) indicates that significant improvements can be made. The USFS has completed most of its land management plans with very limited geologic input and does not plan to modify them until the mid 1990's. BLM is instituting review procedures for land-use decisions made prior to availability of USGS/BoM mineral assessments. Terminology characterizing mineral potentials (low, medium, high) needs further clarification for assured consideration by BLM land managers who do not usually have geologic backgrounds. Presently, there is no frame of reference for land managers to use in comparing the relative importance of mineral potential and other types of resource values when making a land-use decision. The BoM should characterize the significance of potentially strategic mineral commodities in the assessment reports as background for readers. USGS Bulletin 1638, a mineral assessment of the San Isabel National Forest, Colorado, is an important step in making mineral potential information more assimilatable.


In order to provide streaming media service with higher quality, a new data scheduling mechanism based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. This mechanism applies the idea of particle swarm optimization to peer selection of BitTorrent (BT) streaming system. First, improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm is developed to overcome the shortcoming of falling easily into local optimum. Second, particle encoding and decoding are defined in the context of streaming media data scheduling, and fitness function based on the service ability of a peer is proposed. Third, IPSO-based neighbor peer selection (IPSO-NPS) algorithm is designed, in which the optimal solution of IPSO determines the set of peers providing data block resources. Simulation results show that IPSO algorithm enhances the convergence speed and accuracy, and the new data scheduling mechanism of IPSONPS reduces the startup delay of system, enhances the media playing continuity and reduces the network load.


Abstract Among older adults, exposure to ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) has been associated with more rapid decline in cognitive performance and greater emotional distress. However, the inter-relationship between PM2.5 exposure, emotional distress, and global cognitive decline is unexamined. We examined whether long-term PM2.5 exposure affects global cognitive ability and emotional distress in 5,982 older women (baseline age 70.6 ± 3.8 years) from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. PM2.5 exposure for the three-years prior to baseline was estimated at each participant's residence via a national kriging model. Using structural equation models (SEM), a z-score standardized latent factor consisting of items from the 6-item CESD and the SF-36 Emotional Well-Being scale was constructed to estimate emotional distress at baseline and one-year follow-up. Individual-specific trajectories of global cognitive performance (Modified-Mini Mental State Examination; 3MS) were also estimated. All effects reported were adjusted for multiple demographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables. Higher PM2.5 exposure was associated with lower baseline 3MS performance (β= -.159 per IQR=3.38 μg/m3; 95% CI = -.276 to -.042), which was associated with increased emotional distress over the subsequent year (β= -.011; 95% CI= -.017 to -.004). A statistically significant indirect association of PM2.5 on changes in emotional distress via worse baseline 3MS performance (β=.002; 95% CI = .001 to .004) was present. In contrast, no statistically significant association between PM2.5 on baseline emotional distress occurring prior to declines in 3MS performance was present. PM2.5 neurotoxicity may contribute to global cognitive decline, which precedes increased emotional distress.


In this paper we shall offer very general Opial-type inequalities involving higher order derivatives of two functions. From these inequalities we then deduce extended and improved versions of several recent results.


The Cambridge Companion to Schumann. Edited by Beate Perrey. (Cambridge Companions to Music.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. [xx, 302 p. ISBN-10: 0521783410; ISBN-13: 978-0521783415. $90.] Bibliographic references, index, illustrations, music examples. What did it mean in the mid-nineteenth century for a composer to be "intensely aware of his own and his contemporaries' historical moment," and how (if at all) was that different from what it means when one makes the same statement today? How did that awareness differentiate Schumann from his contemporaries who were less historically aware, and how did it simply identify him as a child of his own time? Most crucially, how should our own cognizance of Schumann's historical awareness enrich our understanding of his music, his writings, and his life, as well as our interpretations of them? The quoted phrase is from Nicolas Marston's contribution to the present volume ("Schumann's Heroes: Schubert, Beethoven, Bach," p. 48), but in many ways it articulates a central concern of the topically and thematically diverse essays that populate The Cambridge Companion to Schumann. This latest contribution to the series of Cambridge University Press composer companions is a collection of thoughtful, elegantly written, and well-organized essays that cover most major aspects of the titular composer's work, assembling insights of leading scholars into an organizational framework specifically suited to the needs and issues presented by the subject of the individual volume. The thematically organized blend of contextual and musical approaches lends the volume as a whole the character of a colloquium in which each voice articulates advanced scholarly knowledge without losing sight of the needs of musically literate but not-necessarily-expert readers. Finally, the volume does not shy away from one cost- and labor-intensive feature that compromises the utility of many books on music: the presentation of essential evidence. Music examples are plentiful, and the scholarly essays are preceded by a detailed chronology that correlates events and works from Schumann's life with significant contemporary events in music, literature, and philosophy. Also included are seven well-chosen illustrations, among them a lithograph of a version of Johann Bernard Logier's "chiroplast," the contraption that famously either caused or exacerbated the hand injury that ended Schumann's original career aspirations as a virtuoso pianist. In all these regards, this volume conforms to traditions well established in this series. In at least two others it is exceptional. First, Beate Perrey's introductory discussion of "Schumann's Lives, and Afterlives" is a life-and-works survey cum artistic and aesthetic inquiry that no doubt ranks among the most eloquent yet concise reviews yet available where the complexities of Schumann as historical and artistic phenomenon are concerned. Second, the colloquium-like character of the essays as a group is enhanced by the presence of several overarching themes that suggest both remarkable editorial vision and a close scholarly affinity among the various authors-most prominently, the idea of the visual image as an integral, driving force in Schumann's music, writing, artistic consciousness, and life in general. This set of overarching spiritual affinities renders all the more valuable the diversity of perspectives and methods employed by the volume's American, English, and German contributors. A poignant touch is provided by the volume's inclusion of two essays by the late John Daverio: one on Schumann's early piano works, the other on the challenges posed by the music written after Schumann had undertaken what he called "a completely new manner of composing" in the mid-1840s (diary entry of 1 June 1846, quoted from John Daverio, Robert Schumann: Herald of a "New Poetic Age" [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997], 13). That poignancy, in keeping with the aesthetics of Daverio and Schumann himself, offers a human foil for the intellectual and musical rigor of the contextually oriented main chapters. …


On November 6, 2000, the President of the United States of America issued Executive Order 13175 requiring consultation and coordination with Indian Tribal governments in the "development of Federal policies that have tribal implications, to strengthen the United States government-to-government relationships with Indian tribes, and to reduce the imposition of unfunded mandates upon Indian tribes." Within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) consultation has taken many forms. One way of fostering a strong working relationship between tribes and EPA has been through EPA-Tribal Councils.


The stiffness of soil at very small strain Go is a useful parameter for characterizing the non-linear stress–strain behaviour of soil for monotonic loading and it is required for analyses of the dynamic and small strain cyclic loading of soils. Tests were carried out on fine-grained soils in a hydraulic triaxial cell fitted with bender elements and with local axial gauges. From the results of these tests simple expressions were obtained which describe the variation of G>o with current state in terms of the current stress and overconsolidation ratio. The parameters in these expressions were found to depend on plasticity index. The simple expressions for Go were found to apply generally at larger strains, with the values for the parameters also depending on the current strain. Values of Go measured in laboratory tests on reconstituted London clay agree well with values measured in tests on undisturbed samples and in field tests which make allowance for the different states in the various tests. La rigidite ...


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a target holding jig and a measurement device, which highly accurately bring a target into contact with an object to be measured. A target holding jig holds a spherical target provided with a reflection mechanism for reflecting measurement light emitted from a light source and brings the target and an end surface of an object to be measured into contact with each other. The target holding jig is provided with: a support section which supports the target while holding the target in contact with the object to be measured; a guide section which is disposed on the side of the support section which faces the object to be measured, the guide section restricting, in the direction of the short sides of the end surface of the object to be measured, the position at which the target comes into contact with the object to be measured, the guide section restricting the movement of the target in the direction of the short sides of the end surface of the object to be measured; and a connection section which is affixed to the support section and which is connected in a removable manner to the object to be measured.


Many mechatronic system design problems are formulated into a multi-objective optimization model. In such a model, multiple objectives with their weights and all variables that describe a designed system from different perspectives (such as kinematic motion, shaking force, controller) are put together and equally updated to seek an optimum. In this paper, such a model is called multiple objective concurrent design (MOCD). We argue that the MOCD model has some significant drawbacks with respect to the "decoupled" design problem. According to Suh's axiomatic design theory (ADT), design problems can be classified into three types: coupled design, decoupled design, and uncoupled design. In this paper, we further propose a decoupled design model for the decoupled design problem. A comparison of the two design models, MOCD and decoupled design, for several examples is given to support our finding and proposition.


Pretreating the seeds of species subject to integumentary inhibition by scarification with sulphuric acid at 97%, increases the germination capacity and rate of Acacia albida, Acacia nilotica var, adansonii, Adansonia digitata, Bauhinia rufescens, Parkia biglobosa and Tamarindus indica seeds. The seeds of these species pretreated with acid, washed, dried and then stored in sealed containers n a cold room for 52 weeks retain their germination capacity and rate. That provide the nurserymen with seeds whose integumentary check is removed; the advantages that ensure are recalled at the beginning of the article


This paper describes recent progress at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in the development and demonstration of an integrated high-propellant-throughput small spacecraft electric propulsion (HT-SSEP) system based on a Hall-effect thruster. A center-mounted cathode and an optimized magnetic circuit topology were implemented in the design of the Hall-effect thruster to achieve high propellant throughput, high performance, and efficient packaging. To minimize technical risk, the HT-SSEP development approach sought to limit design features and materials to those with heritage and a clear path to flight. A propellant throughput capability of greater than 100-kg at a minimum thruster efficiency of 45% was targeted. The proof-of-concept NASA-H64M laboratory model (LM) thruster was designed, fabricated, and tested at GRC in fiscal year 2018. This paper summarizes the motivation for the project, the overall development approach, the chosen sub-system architectures, design considerations, and NASA-H64M LM test results. Detailed information is provided for the performance, stability, and thermal characterization tests of the NASAH64M-LM thruster. These along with wear characterization tests of the H64M-LM thruster have demonstrated a stable and thermally-viable thruster design with performance levels that exceeded the design objectives. The H64M-LM thruster test campaign demonstrated a thruster that can achieve total thrust efficiency above 48% at a specific impulse > 1,600-sec for a discharge power of 600-W.


During the last few years major emphasis on reservoir development falls in the category of high resolution reservoir characterization. This type of reservoir characterization will be preferably accomplished by integration of well logs, surface/crosswell seismic and core data.


Background: Management of end – stage hip in young adults (< 50 years) remains a challenge. Hip preserving surgeries in the setting of advanced often do not provide adequate pain relief. The implications of total hip arthroplasty in young patients is a matter of concern regarding the outcome and durability of the prosthesis. Improved techniques and biomaterials have stimulated the demand for total hip arthroplasty in young and active individuals Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of cases done between 2011 to 2015. A total of 225 patients, average age 35 (20 – 50) operated at Department of Orthopaedics, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre. Patients were followed up for a period of 3 years. Harris Hip score was used to evaluate the outcome and the Wilcoxin ranked T test was used to calculate p value. Results: An average follow up of 41 months (range 13 – 86) was done. The mean post-operative Harris hip score was significantly improved with p value <0.001. Postoperative complications included superficial infection, dislocation. Conclusion: Total hip arthroplasty is an excellent option for management of end stage hip disease in young adults. Modern uncemented implants and alternate bearing surfaces have significantly improved longevity and reduced revision rates.


The microwave properties of YBCO/Ba 0.05 Sr 0.95 TiO 3 (BST5) and Ag/Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 (BST50) films were characterized at 80 K and 290 K. At zero bias, the BST5 had a permittivity of 400 and a loss tangent of 0.02; the BST50 had a permittivity of 900 and a loss tangent of 0.1. The respective tunabilities at 3.6 V μ m− 1 were 15% and 44%. Analysis of the performance of phase shifters and tunable filters based on these films showed that both conductor and dielectric losses need to be considered in the selection of materials for devices. A high tunability alone does not guarantee good performance.


Paterson & Cooke completed the basic engineering of the paste backfill reticulation system for Eldorado
Gold's Efemcukuru project in Turkey. This paper presents a case study of the project. Test work was
completed to characterise the paste flow behaviour and compressive strength behaviour. Hydraulic analysis
and design, based on homogeneous slurry behaviour, allowed for the specification of the piston pumping
requirements and identified potential problematic slack flow conditions. Operational, as well as seismic
loading scenarios were taken into account during the stress analysis and mechanical design.


In autumn 2000, the Korea Ministry of Construction and Transportation (MOCT) announced that Daejeon metropolitan city, Jeonju and Jeju were chosen to showcase deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS). The program called the Advanced Transportation Systems Model Deployment Initiatives makes a significant step in Intelligent Transportation Infrastructure (In) in Korea. The Initiative is poised to increase the performance and efficiency of the area's roadway and transportation systems to meet growth demand. Three citie's 50 million Model Deployment Initiative project is poised to increase the performance and efficiency of the area's roadway and transportation systems to meet growth demand. The effort particularly focused on the traveler information systems that should raise the level of ITS awareness in Korea. In this paper, project management, funding, private investment, procedures and detailed review of ITS Model Deployment Initiatives are discussed.


In [3], [4], and [5] Joyce Friedman formulated and investigated certain rules which constitute a semi-decision procedure for wffs of first order predicate calculus in closed prenex normal form with prefixes of the form ∀x1 … ∀xκ∃y1 … ∃ym∀z1 … ∀zn. Given such a wff QM, where Q is the prefix and M is the matrix in conjunctive normal form, Friedman's rules can be used, in effect, to construct a matrix M* which is obtained from M by deleting certain conjuncts of M.


© 2005 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology JEADV (2005) 19, 763–784 In the third week of embryogenesis along the Blaschko lines, cells align to form the neuroectoderm. The number and distribution of cells containing the abnormal chromosome determine the severity of the disease, which commonly has a four-stage course. The presented case represents, according to the diagnostic criteria,1,2,4,5 a typical case of Bloch–Sulzberger syndrome, presenting grayish-brown, symmetric hyperpigmented streaks on Blaschko lines and whorled hyperpigmentations on the trunk, associating, because of possible multisystem lesions, ocular abnormalities (congenital muscular paresis of the orbicular eyelid of left eye) and hypohydrosis. The particularities of this case are the absence of the vesicular stage (possibly occurred in utero), the early onset of hyperpigmentations along the Blaschko lines, the overlapping of this stage with the verrucous one, the persistence of verrucous lesions and their disposition on the scalp, right inguinal plica and left axillary region, the presence of hypopigmented atrophic plaques, associating squamocrustous or verrucous lesions on the anterior thorax and in right axilla and serum eosinophilia (characteristic to the inflammatory stage). In this particular case recurrence seems likely to occur because of serum eosinophilia3, but the intricated clinical manifestations, with the predominance of hyperpigmented verrucous aspect without any severe symptoms, did not confirm it.


Conditions of colour reaction of the new reagent 2 tetrazolylazo 5 diethylamino phenol with Cu 2+ were studied.Results show that the new colour reagent reacts with Cu 2+ to form a stable red complex(1∶2) in the presence of HAc NaAc buffer at pH5.0.The maximal absorption wavelength and apparent molar absorptivity are 530nm and 3.52×10 4L·mol -1 ·cm -1 respectively.Beer's law is obeyed in the range of 0—1.0mg/L Cu(Ⅱ).The method was applied to the direct determination of copper in aluminium and magnesium alloys with satisfactory results.


This paper tests and analyses three point bending specimen in order to realize electrical property and fatigue life of carbon fiber reinforced concrete (CFRC) under cyclic flexural loading. The test results show that the process of fatigue deformation, for CFRC with different strength grades, is similar to that of plain concrete. Fatigue damage occurs as load cycling progresses, which indicates that the greater the stress ratio, the faster the strain develops and the greater the electrical resistance fluctuate increases. The occurrence of electrical resistance is attributed to the damage of the conductive network. This mechanism formed in this study provides a means for CFRC to monitor its extent of fatigue damage and predict its fatigue life.


The resolution and dispersion arising from the diffraction geometry used in the method developed by Gao et al. for mapping x‐ray rocking curves are discussed in detail. The effects of the resolution of the one‐dimensional detector on the measurement of rocking curves and on the measurement of rocking curve contour maps have also been investigated. The dispersive effect (i.e., Δλ/λ) in the diffraction geometry is reduced by an order of magnitude and is negligible compared with the intrinsic angular width of the crystal for a wide range of sample crystal Bragg angles (say the range varies from 10° to 60°, using Cu Kα1 radiation), provided that the resolution of the detector is better than 0.2 mm. This means that the dispersive effect of nearly all crystal samples will be negligible if rocking curves are measured using the present method and Cu Kα1 radiation. The results also apparently show that the full width at half maximum of the rocking curves increases and the resolution of contour maps decreases when ...


The authors introduce a significant modification to the coherent integration algorithm of synthetic sampled aperture radar (SSAMAR) processing to achieve Hamming-like or cosine to the fourth-like tapering. Only pseudo Hamming or cosine to the fourth tapering is possible because the coefficients of the coherently integrated SSAMAR returns are integers. In other words, the coefficients of the returns will approximate the desired window, by following its general shape. Examples through computer simulation are used to illustrate the new algorithm. The advantages are side-lobe attenuation of 40 to 48 dB, while maintaining the main beam characteristics, and a significant improvement of the SNR.<<ETX>>


of Winning Articles of Inaugural Event 1st Prize: Ms. Ridhi Kabra NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad Title: "Defining the contours of a Commercial Arbitral Tribunal: Can ICSID decisions confer an inherent power on the tribunal to regulate appointment of counsels?" "International arbitration dwells in an ethical no-man's land. There exists no supranational norm of sufficient clarity that allows arbitrators to regulate the behavior of a counsel, whose participation is detrimental to the fair adjudication of the dispute. In such circumstances, if a party appoints a counsel much after the tribunal has been formed, such that the independence and impartiality of the tribunal is put to test, important questions about the scope of inherent powers of the tribunal are raised. Two ICSID decisions have sought to address this problem, by advocating the existence of an inherent power, exercisable under certain circumstances, to terminate the appointment of such a counsel. This paper attempts to expand the use of such a power in the field of international commercial arbitration, in the absence of any codification of law on the issue. The fundamental assumption of this paper is that the power is to be exercised only in situations when the tribunal has been formed and a party has exercised mala fides in appointing a counsel post such formation. It proposes the adoption of a middle path between the two ICSID decisions in order to ensure legitimacy of the arbitral process." 2nd Prize: Mr. Ritwik Bhattacharya Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar Title: "Implied Exclusion of Part I of the Arbitration & Conciliation Act: Propounding the Test of Certainty." "The prevailing position of law in India, on a question that should, in theory, have a straightforward answer is becoming increasingly difficult to resolve: under what circumstances would the jurisdiction of Indian courts be excluded under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1966, and what stipulations must contracting parties insert in their agreement to oust the jurisdiction of Indian courts? The focal point of this confusion is centred on the question as to what suffices to trigger this "implied exclusion" of Part I of the Act as laid down by the court in Bhatia International v. Bulk Trading S.A. Nearly a decade after the Bhatia International pronouncement the answer to this is still clouded. The Supreme Court's latest judgment in Yograj Infrastructure v. Ssang Yong Engineering has added to the difficulty. Though the issue of "implied exclusion" has arisen before the Supreme Court and various High Courts on several occasions, however, no Court has attempted to lay down definite requirements, which if fulfilled would constitute implied exclusion. The issue of "implied


Physical, theoretical, and economic considerations in mixture experimentation often impose constraints on the levels of components in the mixture. These constraints define the region of interest and hence play an important role in the design and analysis of the mixture experiment. Because of this important role, sufficient care must be taken in developing the set of constraints. This article discusses several guidelines for developing mixture constraints and presents techniques for checking the consistency of the constraints developed. The guidelines and techniques are illustrated using several examples.


The forming limit of aZ31 alloy, a representative Mg-al-Zn-based wrought alloy, and the effect of severe plastic deformation (SPd) by examining the microstructure change caused by dynamic recrystallization led by high temperature and high dislocation density at 300℃ using a biaxial alternate forging (BAF) were investigated in this study. As a result of BAF test for AZ31 Mg al - loy, significant cracks on the ends of workpieces occurred after 7 passes. The microstructure of as-extruded specimen showed the non-uniform distribution of the relatively coarse grains and the fine grains considered to be sub-grains. However, as the number of passes increases, the area of coarse grains gradually disappeared and the fine grains became more dominant in the microstructures. The result of tensile test for workpieces with each forging pass showed an increase in strength depending on pass number was shown with a slight increase of elongation. The Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) results exhibited that, the microstructure showed the presence of coarse grains and twins after only 1 pass, while the grains appeared to be significantly refined and uniformly distributed after 3 pass, at which the strength and elongation began to increase, simultaneously.


The questions of greening Vronezh are considered. The phytoncide properties of ornamental bushes are investigated, recommendations for environmental sanitation are provided.


Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., is an evergreen xerophyte with ample be neficial attribute. The plant has m a jo r b i o l o g i ca l ac t i ve com pon en t t h a t co n t r i bu t es i n i t s n u t r a c e u t i c a l applications. The seeds of this plant contain 30-60 % oil, which is edible and used as cooking oil. Fru its are also edible and contain essential minerals. Beside this, the leaf of this plant is a one of the favori te fodder among goats, so it can play an important role of fo dder tree in the desert in severe drought. All part s of the plant gifted various pharmacological activity. For instance, the fruits and roots of this plant contai n diosgenin, which can be used in pharmaceutical indu stry in production of oral contraceptive and steroi ds. Furthermore, this plant used as treatment of diarrh oea, hermorrhoid, stomach aches, jaundice, yellow f ever, syphilis and epilepsy. The fruit is used to treat liver disease nd as a Purgative. The plant is containing phenolic compounds including; saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids which contributes in its pharmacological activities including anti-nflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antitumor, larvicidal, Ant i nonciceptive, Anthelmentic and antidiabetic activit y. Key point Balanites aegyptiaca, Balantoside diosgenin, neutraceutical, spononin


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction, Fundamentals of Protein Threading, PROSPECT: A Threading-Based Protein Structure Prediction System, Application of Experimental Data as Threading Constraints, Discussion, Acknowledgments, References


In the Polish literature on the interest rate risk two ways of defining the interest rate gap (also called net mismatch position) parallel exist, leading to discrepant recommendations to the practice of the interest rate risk management. This paper aims at analysing those two approaches and verifying the implications of each of them. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the definition that bases the gap calculation on interest rate sensitive positions is better (than that using fixed interest rate positions), whereas some authors' suggestions that the positive (negative) gap is accompanied by a drop in interest incomes in the case of rise in interest rates are unfounded.


Purpose – This paper proposes a conceptual framework for creative information seeking drawing upon Weisberg's argument that creativity exists in everyone, and mapping the creative process described in the holistic model of creativity to the information seeking activities identified in the behavioural model of information seeking.Design/methodology/approach – Using scenarios of information seeking behaviour, mappings between the creative process and information seeking activities were refined and six stages for creative information seeking were proposed. Scenarios were also used to provide theoretical justifications for stages in creative information seeking.Findings – Evidence gathered from the scenarios seemed to indicate that the type of information seeking task may have an impact on the extent to which an information seeker exhibits all stages in the framework. This is on‐going research. Part II of this paper aims to conduct empirical studies and gather evidence to verify the framework and examine this...


Cellulose laurate was prepared using microcrystalline cellulose as the raw material and lauroyl chloride and pyridine as catalyst under homogeneous reaction conditions.Effects of dosage of lauroyl chloride,reaction temperature,and reaction time on yield and the degree of substitution(DS) of cellulose were investigated.The optimal preparation conditions of cellulose laurate were as follows: dosage of lauroyl chloride 1.6 mol(based on molar of—OH),reaction temperature 100 ℃,reaction time 10 h,the DS and yield of cellulose laurate was reached 2.48 and 310.8 % respectively.The results of FTIR and 1H-NMR indicated that the esterification had indeed occurred.Dynamic contact angle measurements of cellulose ester revealed that contact angle increased with increasing the DS and better hydrophobic property could be achieved on the condition of DS1.6.


This research aims to testing and proved the earnings management to the firm value by implementing Good Corporate Governance (GCG). The components of GCG include managerial ownership, institutional ownership, the size of the board of commissioners, the board of independent commissioners, and the audit committee. This research's object is a manufacturing corporation listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange(SEC). These results indicate that an independent board of commissioners and an audit committee can moderate earnings management's effect on firm value with managerial ownership. Descriptive analysis results are the average value of managerial ownership is 23%, an independent board of commissioners is 42%, and an audit committee is 3%.


Polystyrene-Organo Montmorillonite (PS-MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by suspension free radical polymerization of styrene in the dispersed organophilic montmorillonite. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) indicated that exfoliated nanocomposites were achieved. The ef- fect of organic modifiers (surfactants) on the properties of the synthesized nano- composites was studied. It is found that polystyrene-MMT nanocomposite with 5.0 wt% of organo-MMT gave the greatest improvement in thermal stability, and poly- styrene-MMT nanocomposites with 7.5 wt% of organo-MMT showed the greatest improvement in mechanical properties, compared with that of pure polystyrene (PS) in our experimental conditions. The alkyl chain length of surfactant used in fabri- cating organo-MMT affects the synthesized PS nanocomposites: the longer the alkyl chain length that the surfactant possesses, the higher the glass transition tempera- ture of the PS nanocomposite. However, the organoclay in the nanocomposites seems to play a dual role: (a) as nanofiller leading to the increase of storage modu- lus and (b) as plasticizer leading to the decrease of storage modulus. This results in a lower storage modulus of PS-TMOMMT and PS-TMTMMT nanocomposites than that of PS-TMDMMT and PS-TMCMMT nanocomposites. Further study is needed to confirm the above hypothesis.


In order to assess accurately the standard k-e model in a three-dimensional recirculating flow, a series of numerical calculations of a jet in a crossflow have been made employing progressively fine finite-difference meshes consisting of up to 2.4 million grid nodes. The discretized equations have been solved with a blockimplicit multigrid algorithm that is observed to converge efficiently. The calculated velocity and turbulence fields are compared with experimental data. It is observed that the general features of the flow are well predicted, but there are appreciable discrepancies between measured and calculated values. Even with current fine resolution, the calculation cannot be said to be completely grid independent; however, the major disagreements are believed to result from the turbulence model.


Objective To investigate the correlation of HBV DNA and ALT in GroupⅠ(HBsAg+,HBeAg+,HBcAb+) and Group Ⅱ(HBsAg+,HBeAb+,HBcAb+) patients suffering from hepatitis B virus.Methods All the 1191 subjects(192 samples from GroupⅠ,999 samples from Group Ⅱ) underwent the determination of HBV DNA and ALT by FQ PCR and enzyme respectively,then its clinical significance was analized.Results Significant difference for both HBV DNA and ALT was existed between GroupⅠ and Group Ⅱ(P0.01).Abnormity ratio of HBV DNA(91.67%) and ALT(60.42%) in Group Ⅰwas higher than that in Group Ⅱ(21.62%,28.13%),but no relationship was found between HBV DNA and ALT.Conclusion The numerical value of HBV DNA and the liver damnification degree in group Ⅰis clearly severe than that in group Ⅱ,so analyzing HBV DNA and ALT together would be advisable to evaluat the infection of Hepatitis B virus.


Reverberation chambers are a promising EMC test environment which has several advantages. The set-up and design of reverberation chambers are discussed in the first part of the paper. The second part deals with their application for EMC. Several performance and comparison tests are presented and discussed which show a good reliability and reproducibility of the reverberation chamber as a test environment for radiated emissions.


The occurrence and treatment of hypertension disease is closely related to people's diethabbit. Patients must recognize that control of diet is the basic treatment of thedisease measures. Patients should pay attention to reducing calorie intake and increasing physicalactivity, reducing dietary fat and maintain the standard weight, limit salt, limit alcohol to quit, topromote the law's way of life, and maintain a happy spirit.


The process of hygiene and sanitation in food is very necessary to be done at a restoran,
because a good restoran will not only pay attention to how to sell the food so that the
customer buys it but must also pay attention to how the food process is made to the
customer's table, to get to the customer's table, the food actually goes through a fairly
long process, from the selection of raw food ingredients such as fruit, vegetables and
meat to how to store them well then processed and served to the customers and it must be
in accordance with hygiene process standards and food sanitation, for this reason this
study aims to determine the process of food hygiene and sanitation in the kitchen Drift
Grill and Fujairah Resort intercontinental bar The research methodology used in this
study is a qualitative descriptive method by observing directly to the field and doing
Interview. Data analysis method used is a qualitative method by presenting in the form of
pictures and explanations in accordance with the facts of the facts in the field. The results
in this study indicate that Drift Grill and Bar has carried out hygiene and sanitation
processes in their food well and in accordance with existing procedures.


As logic locking becomes more sophisticated and new technologies emerge (e.g., laser probing for failure analysis), the statement "logic locking is dead" will become more common. While recent studies have investigated the possibility of defining a security metric(s) for logic locking, none are sufficient against all threat models and potential future threats. In this paper, we first examine the quantitative and qualitative metrics as a MUST for logic locking. Then, by establishing a bridge between metrics and the potential methods, we introduce a compound-style logic locking that can meet the criteria needed for logic locking based on the defined metrics.


Studying the effects of atmospheric perturbations on plant growth has usually involved compromises between realism and convenience. Isolating the effects of specific parameters, such as air pollution, elevated CO{sub 2} concentration, or water stress, requires a manipulated rather than a completely natural environment. Attempts to develop large free-air controlled exposure systems date back several years, primarily for experimental exposures to elevated levels of air pollutants such as SO{sub 2} or ozone. These early systems suffered from two types of problems: imprecise control of the exposure gas concentrations; substantial spatial variability within the exposed plots. The Free-Air CO{sub 2} Enrichment (FACE) open-air fumigation system, developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), has addressed both of these problem areas. This system differs from other free-air exposure systems in that the injection gas is pre-diluted in ambient air to an average 3--4% by volume, and the injection gas mass flow is adjusted each second by the micoprocessor-driven controller. This document discusses the design and performance of this facility. 3 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.


In this paper, a technique using fuzzy c-means clustering combined with fuzzy gain scheduling to derive fuzzy structure, namely membership functions and fuzzy IF-THEN rules was proposed. This technique was applied to perform fuzzy supervision for adjusting the parameters of a PI controller. Simulation results for experimental heat-exchanger process demonstrated that better control performance were obtained compared with a PI controller tuning with fixed parameters.


Recently, attention is paid to conceptual aspects of STEM or particular usage of specific tools during STEM. This paper is devoted to systemize all digital tools used during STEM classes. It is proposed to systemize all equipment into instrumental, computer simulation, and modern ones (VR, AR, and AI and 3d-modelling). It is proved the dominant role of computer simulation and modern instruments during providing STEM classes due to their simplicity and absence of necessity of expensive equipment usage. Using any of the described tools do not guaranty providing STEM, but they can be used as an element of the STEM didactic approach.


The task of concept prerequisite chain learning is to automatically determine the existence of prerequisite relationships among concept pairs. In this paper, we frame learning prerequisite relationships among concepts as an unsupervised task with no access to labeled concept pairs during training. We propose a model called the Relational-Variational Graph AutoEncoder (R-VGAE) to predict concept relations within a graph consisting of concept and resource nodes. Results show that our unsupervised approach outperforms graph-based semi-supervised methods and other baseline methods by up to 9.77% and 10.47% in terms of prerequisite relation prediction accuracy and F1 score. Our method is notably the first graph-based model that attempts to make use of deep learning representations for the task of unsupervised prerequisite learning. We also expand an existing corpus which totals 1,717 English Natural Language Processing (NLP)-related lecture slide files and manual concept pair annotations over 322 topics.


Conventional theories of concurrency reduce parallel processes to sequential ones. Here, we propose a true concurrency trace model which takes variables of parallel processes as a whole and runs parallel processes as simultaneous updates on variables. By equipping each resource an ownership variable, the model has a uniform treatment to both variable access conflicts and resource conflicts. A denotational semantics based on the model is studied. After that, we show how to use this model to build a correct resource scheduler, and specify pre-compilers such that the resulting systems do not incur conflicts and have less chance of deadlocks.


The generalisability of case study findings is heavily criticised in the scientific community. This study attempts to answer to what extent generalisation is possible, through a literature review. ...


The MCAI courseware of 'The Foundation of Chemical Engineering', which was developed by Chemical Engineering Department of Tsirighua University, was introduced in this context. Its systematic framework, design principles and main functions were detail represented to emphasize the novel characters of this courseware. The application of this courseware was proved to result in a better in-structional effect than before.


What types of products are preferred when the purchase is immediate versus off in the distant future? Three experiments address this question by examining the influence of temporal perspective on evaluations of regulatory-framed products. The results reveal that when a purchase is about to be made, consumers prefer prevention- (vs. promotion-) framed products-an effect that is driven by the pain anticipated from potentially failing one's looming purchasing goal. When a purchase is temporally distant, however, promotion- (vs. prevention-) framed products become more appealing-an effect that is driven by the anticipated pleasure from achieving one's distant purchasing goal. Implications for the psychology of self-regulation, anticipated affect, and willpower are discussed. (c) 2008 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc..


By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this toward a national policy for children and families, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.


THE FOUND POEM IS NOW A FAMILIAR curiosity to anyone acquainted with contemporary poetry. More than ten years ago Kayak Press issued two small anthologies of found poetry: Pioneers of Modern Poetry (1967) and Losers Weepers (1969). A small but growing number of college-level introduction-to-poetry textbooks make passing reference to found poems, and some give several examples. The reference is seldom more than passing-first, because there is so little to say about the found or accidental poem; and second, because most found poems are more dilute than even the flabbiest of made poems. Most found poems begin their lives as passages of expository prose. Their intended purpose is to feed easily digestible information to the reader. Nothing could be less poetic. But suddenly poetry is discovered imbedded within the prose. The discoverer is someone alert to the possibilities of irony, absurdity, and other incongruities. And what was originally part of a newspaper story or a medical report or a set of instructions that any self-respecting ten-year-old can follow for quick and painless assembly of a nontoxic polyethylene doohickey becomes poetry, of a sort. A sort more curious than convincing. Like wax fruit, it too often fails to compel belief. Occasionally, there are exceptions. Some found poems, wholly innocent of their existence as anything other than honest, hard-working prose, seem to assume a life of their own. In them we hear something unexpected rise up and speak in its own tongue. The language, remaining faithful to the plain prose purpose for which it was originally intended, begins in some mysterious way to reach beyond that purpose. It becomes somehow more. Depending on the nature of that more, the found poem of exceptional voice can usually be found taking refuge in one of the following three categories: the found poem of lyrical intensity, the subversive found poem, and the found fragment or embryonic found poem.


Characteristics of NPMS (Networked Manufacturing based Project Management System) were analyzed. Usually more than one corporation participate in a single Networked Manufacturing based Project, the concept of "project domain" was defined, also a domain based model and architecture were proposed for NPMS. Some key technologies of NPMS were discussed in detail. Ended with an example for NPMS.


High risks in pregnancy can caused by uncontrolled increasing body weight in pregnancy. It can affect on maternal or fetal. Risk on maternal such as pre eclampsia, gestational diabetes and increase of labor with section secarea. Risks on fetal are risiko macrosomia, obesity in baby, preterm baby or delivery less than 37 weeks of pregnancy. A retrospective study was conducted among 132 pregnant women with pre eclampsia in dr. Zainal Abidin Banda Aceh hospital on August 2021. Data collected using checklist.In the analysis of the data, Chi Square analysis was used. The result found that 97 respondents ( 73,5 % ) are pregnant women with mild pre eclampsia. The body weight of 71 respondents (53,8 %)  increased  abnormally on pregnancy. 31 respondents from 71 respondents who had increase their body weight were severe pre eclampsia pregnants women. There were significant correlation between increasing body weight and pre eclampsia in  dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh hospital. Suggestion of the the research is midwife can give counseling about normal limit of body weight gain in the pregnancy dan pre eclampsia in pregnancy


KS96WGRC37 (Reg. no. GP-556, PI 604222) is a powdery mildew-resistant hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm developed cooperatively by the USDA-ARS, the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Wheat Genetics Resource Center. It was released as a germplasm in August 1996. KS96WGRC37 is an F3-derived line with the pedigree 'Arlin' *3/TA 895. Arlin is a hard white winter wheat cultivar, and TA 895 is a powdery mildew-resistant accession of Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. subsp. armeniacum (Jakubz.) van Slageren (syn. subsp. araraticum) from northern Iraq. Seedlings of KS96WGRC37 exhibited a low to intermediate infection type (<4 on a scale of 0 to 9) when inoculated with Isolate 8 ofErysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal [syn. Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.G. Speer f. sp. tritici], the causal agent of powdery mildew. Isolate 8 elicits a high infection type on the gene Pm6, which was transferred previously from T. timopheevii subsp. timopheevii. Detached leaves of Arlin and KS96WGRC37 were inoculated with 37 diverse isolates of E. graminis f. sp. tritici. Arlin had a low infection type (0) with one isolate, an intermediate infection type (4) with one isolate, and a high infection type (7-9) with the remaining 35 isolates. KS96WGRC37 had a low infection type (0-3) with nine, an intermediate infection type (4-6) with 25, and a high infection type (7-9) with three isolates (1). KS96WGRC37 was tested as experimental line U2659-2-9-M2. It is similar to Arlin in height, days to heading, kernel color, and overall phenotype. Small quantities (2 g) of seed of KS96WGRC37 are available upon written request. Appropriate recognition of source should be given when this germplasm contributes to research or development of a new breeding line or cultivar. Seed stocks are maintained by the Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Dep. of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University. Manhattan, KS 66506. Genetic material of this release will be deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System where it will be available for research purposes.


The Qibaoshan deposit is a large Cu-Au deposit located in southwest of Shandong Province,China. Three types of fluid inclusions are recognized in recrystallized quartz phenocrysts of the deep located altered porphyry: Type 1,halite-bearing inclusions;Type 2,pure vapor inclusions; and Type 3,vapor-rich inclusions. They commonly show coexistence in samples. Two types of fluid inclusions in quartz veins with different ore minerals representing different hydrothermal stages,and in quartz crystal column collected from the shallow open pit are identified in this study: Type 4,liquid-rich inclusions with vapour volume fraction of 5% ~ 8%; Type 5,aqueous inclusions with vapour volume fraction of 10% ~ 20%,which can be subdivided into 5a and 5b according to their differential occurrences. Microthermometric analyses indicate that Type 1 inclusions homogenized via halite dissolution at temperatures of 375 to450℃ with calculated salinities of 43. 8% to 52. 2% Na Cleqv; Type 3 inclusions displayed a critical homogenization mode based on the comparison between homogenization pressures and critical pressures at the same homogenization temperatures( 347 to 420℃) with calculated salinities of 0. 8% to 7. 1% Na Cleqv; Type 4,5a and 5b inclusions homogenized to liquid phase at temperatures of 221 to327℃,199 to 379℃ and 109 to 193℃,respectively,with calculated salinities of 2. 4% to 7. 8% Na Cleqv,10. 2% to 16. 8%Na Cleqv,and 0. 3% to 4. 0% Na Cleqv,respectively. Type 2 inclusions were not analyzed in this study due to high vapor volume fraction( 80%),which makes observation of homogenization behaviors difficult. The coexistence of Type 1,2 and 3 inclusions is not caused by fluid immiscibility,because the homogenization pressures( Ph) of Type 1 inclusions( Ph = 623. 46 to 1111. 81bar) are much higher than those of Type 3 inclusions( Ph = 139. 18 to 362. 47bar). According to previous experimental researches,fluids represented by Type 2 and 3 inclusions are believed to be directly exsolved from the melts in early crystallization stage at low to intermediate pressure,which hosted abundant gold bisulfides,while the brine represented by Type 1 inclusions exsolved later at high pressure caused by crystallization and system resealing following brecciation,which enriched the Fe-chlorine complex. A mixing process is proposed in this study to interpret the coexisting phases. According to the H-O-S isotopic studies,hydrothermal fluids represented by Type 4 and 5a inclusions in epithermal system are of magmatic origin,which would be mixed by meteoric water in late stage generating a low salinity fluids represented by Type 5b inclusions. Based on the fact that,both Type 3 and 4 inclusions fluids are magmatic origin,sharing a same salinity range( 5% ~ 7% Na Cleqv),and display a gradually increasing density from 0. 4101 to0. 8816 g / cm3 with temperature decreases from ca. 450℃ to ca. 250℃,we suppose that Type 4 inclusions-representing fluid is produced by contraction of Type 3 inclusions-representing fluids at elevated pressures,reflecting the hydrothermal transition from porphyry to epithermal system. The vapour contracting liquid fluids have physical ability to mix with any other aqueous ones including the brine represented by Type 1 inclusions in cryptoexplosion structure,which can consequently consume the HS-in brine causing the gold precipitation,and form the epithermal mineralization in this district. Besides,the meteoric water influx may also play a role in gold precipitation in Qibaoshan epithermal deposit.


The 3-Allyl-3-deoxyglucosyl radical 8a cyclizes with high diastereoselectivity to give bicyclic dideoxysugars 7a and 7b, whereas the 6-allyl-6-deoxyglucosyl radical does not give cyclized products. This proves the boat conformation of 2a for glucosyl radicals.


For many decades the methodology of "Rational Reconstruction", which was also labeled as the appropriation-ism or presentism, dominates the Early modern philosophy scholarship. In the core of the methodology was the claims that one can read the Early Modern thinkers as 'colleagues' to the Modern Philosophy and the "Whig" interpretation of relation between the Early modern science and philosophy. Recently, the Early modern philoso-phy scholarship witnesses the methodological transformation that Ch. Mercer proposed to term as the "Contextu-alist Revolution". In my paper I briefly contours the "Rational Reconstruction" methodology. Then I discuss the main claims of the Contextualist methodology and describe the innovative revisions results that it introduced brought in the Early modern scholarship.


Nitrogen can enter the water cycle through atmospheric depositions on ground and water surfaces, leakages from point and diffuse sources (i.e., sewage treatment plants or sewage systems, fertilizer and manure applications), and erosion processes affecting nitrogen rich soils (EEA, 2005). However, integrating all nitrogen forms, processes and scales is still a major challenge for the understanding and the management of the nitrogen cycle.


Objective To compare two nutrition support schemes for postoperative patients with laryngeal carcinoma.Methods Forty patients from 2002 to 2005 with laryngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into PN(control) group and EN group.The PN group was given amino acid compound(18F) 500~700 ml and 20% fat emulsion 500 ml per day, and EN group was given enteral nutrition 500 ml in the first day and then increase 500 ml each day to remain at 2 000~2 500 ml for 14 days.Results The EN group had a significant increase in TP,Alb and PA while the control group had significant decrease in these indices.There were significant differences between the two groups(P(0.05)).The EN group also had a more slight decrease in body weight and a shorter hospitalization days than those of the control(P0.05).Conclusion EN should be the first choice in nutrition support for postoperative patients with laryngeal carcinoma.


Introduction Duties of Attorney Scope of Power Protection of Attorney Donor Position of Third Parties Attorney Registration of Enduring Powers Contracts Filed Powers Form of power Land Duration of power Grants of Representation Exercising a power Companies Duties of Donor Using Ordinary Powers of Attorney Using Enduring Powers of Attorney Appendix 1 Relevant Acts Appendix 2 Relevant Statutory Instruments Appendix 3 Form of Document Appendix 4 Clauses for Powers of Attorney


Colonoscopy is essential for accurate pre-operative colorectal tumour localisation. Due to variable colonic length and lack of internal landmarks, tumour site identification can be difficult, posing risks of inappropriate operations being offered. To avoid this, we must correctly identify the tumour site on endoscopy in >95% of patients as per BSG guidelines. In 2019, accuracy levels compared to radiology and histology fell significantly short of this standard. We therefore made improvements to our endoscopy database and displayed relevant guidelines in endoscopy rooms. Here, we evaluate improvement in accuracy of endoscopic tumour localisation after implementation of these initiatives.

 Retrospective study of results of all colonoscopies (214) showing suspicious lesions at our trust in 2020, compared to results of counterpart radiology and histology tests, and audited against the BSG standard of >95% accurate identification of tumour position by colonic segment.

 Accuracy of endoscopic tumour localisation was 92.2% and 92.3% compared to histology and radiology respectively. Although this does not meet the national standard of >95%, it is a significant improvement from the year prior - 80.2% and 78.8% compared to histology and radiology respectively. The greatest degree of error appears in the rectum, often being confused with recto-sigmoid and sigmoid.

 Guideline reminders and database improvements were crucial to increased accuracy. However, clearer definition of colonic territories is required to avoid confusion when attributing localisation. We recommend following the American guidelines in which the term 'recto-sigmoid' is abolished in favour of a boundary 15cm from the anal verge that represents the division between rectum and sigmoid.


Antenna configurations and their feed subassemblies have been evaluated with regard to their use in high-performance and low-cost tactical and strategic systems to support DSCS III EHF (extremely high frequency) upgraded ground communications terminals. Specific objectives were to (1) select optimum configurations for the tactical and strategic antennas, (2) establish the antenna and feed requirements for each of the strategic and tactical terminal implementations, and (3) produce a design for an equivalent 8-ft-diameter antenna, including a frequency selective surface (FSS) subreflector and feeds for the 5 kW circularly polarized transmitter and monopulse tracking receiver subsystems. The symmetrical Cassegrain antenna was found to yield the best performance at the least cost. The antenna may be used with both common-aperture or dual-separate-aperture transmit/receive feeds in conjunction with FSS reflectors. A dual-aperture, monopulse-tracking, high-transmit-power EHF feed system has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Performance is excellent at the transmit band and marginally acceptable at the receive band.<<ETX>>


The scheduling of tasks is an essential requirement in most real-time and embedded systems, but invariably leads to unwanted CPU overheads. This paper presents real-time scheduling techniques for reducing the response time of aperiodic tasks scheduled with real-time periodic tasks on uniprocessor systems. Two problems are addressed in this paper: (i) the scheduling of aperiodic when they arrive in order to obtain a feasible system , and (ii) the scheduling of periodic and aperiodic tasks to minimize their response time. In order to improve the responsiveness to both types of problems, efficient hybrid approach is proposed based on the combination of the Polling Server (PS) and the Background Server (BS). The effectiveness and the performance of the designed approach is evaluated through simulation studies.


Research on psychological differentiation and psychopathology has indicated that both extremes of differentiation are found in clinical populations. Previous research found that subjects with over-ideational or delusional symptomatology are likely to be field-independent. It was predicted that college students with high scores on measures of Perceptual Aberration and Magical Ideation, particularly those also high on Impulsive Nonconformity, would receive higher scores than control subjects on the Group Embedded Figures Test, a measure of differentiation. It was also predicted that subjects receiving high scores on Physical Anhedonia would show lower differentiation than controls. The results did not support these predictions, calling into question the relevance of the field dependence/independence construct to schizotypal symptoms. Findings are also discussed in terms of the possible heterogeneity of the Perceptual Aberration and Magical Ideation groups, restriction of range in samples of nonclinical subjects with schizotypal experiences, and problems in the measurement of cognitive style.