The present invention relates to a method and a device for allocating an address of a terminal for transreceiving in a wireless communication system. According to the present invention, provided are the method and the device for: transmitting a first request message requesting context information of a terminal to a home subscriber server (HSS); receiving a first reply message including the context information from the HSS; transmitting a second request message requesting a session configuration for transreceiving data of the terminal to a gateway; and receiving from the gateway a second reply message including a session identifier indicating a session configured in response to the second request message.


Purpose
Based on an overview of the anti-money laundering initiatives in the sport sector and recent efforts of money launderers focused toward finding alternative channels for money laundering operations, the purpose of this paper is to present the modus operandi of money laundering in the football sector especially.

Design/methodology/approach
Specifics of money laundering through the football sector have been analyzed using deductive and inductive methods. This paper provides a review of the existing anti-money laundering initiatives in the sport sector to highlight the specific features of sport that increase money-laundering risks in the football sector. Certain risks have been analyzed and linked to risk areas and money laundering methods as a way of demonstrating established modus operandi.

Findings
Analyzed vulnerabilities that arise from the structure, financial characteristics and culture of the football sector represent an increased risk of money laundering in a condition where potential money launderers achieve status of investors, football agents or owners of football clubs and players. Taking some of these roles allows money launderers to enter into transactions related to the acquisition of ownership over football clubs or player transfers. Such types of transactions are particularly exposed to abuse for the purposes of the money laundering process due to their unique features.

Originality/value
Through a wide range of clarified risks and money laundering methods applicable to the football sector, this paper offers a comprehensive review of the existing money laundering threats in the football sector and proposals of prevention.


Liberoid Meranti coffee seeds can grow well if they are cared for properly. The plant nursery phase determines the successful growth of Liberoid Meranti coffee plants. One of the important maintenance actions carried out when cultivating coffee plants is choosing planting media and fertilization. The organic fertilizer that can be used as a planting media mixture in Liberoid meranti coffee nurseries is cow manure. Rabbit urine is a liquid organic material that contains nutrients, so it can be applied to soil or plants to add nutrients. Liquid organic materials contain macro- and micronutrients. Using the right composition of cow manure and rabbit urine concentrations really determines the growth of Liberoid Meranti coffee plant seeds. This experiment was carried out from February 2023 to June 2023 at the Ciparanje experimental garden, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regency. This experiment was carried out using a randomized group design (RAK) with nine treatments: soil + 2g urea; soil + 25% rabbit urine; soil + rabbit urine 50%; soil + cow manure (1:1) + rabbit urine 25%; soil + cow manure (1:1) + rabbit urine 50%; soil + cow manure (2:1) + rabbit urine 25%; soil + cow manure (2:1) + rabbit urine 50%; soil + cow manure (3:1) + rabbit urine 50%, and each treatment was repeated three times to obtain 27 experimental units. The experimental results showed that there was an influence of the composition of cow manure as a mixture of planting media and the concentration of rabbit urine on the growth of Liberoid Meranti coffee seedlings, except for the increase in the number of leaves. The composition of a mixture of planting media with cow manure (3:1) and a rabbit urine concentration of 25% provides the best growth for Liberoid Meranti coffee seedlings.


GPS is the most widely used technology for finding accurate position. However accuracy, availability, and continuity of service for certain high precision applications cannot be met by Global Positioning System (GPS) alone. The GPS like signal transmitted by Pseudolite (PLs) can be employed to augment and provide continuity, accuracy and availability in such environment. The major problems associated with such navigation system are the "Near-Far" and "Multipath problem". Among various methods of mitigating the near-far problem, pulsing of transmitting PL signal for fractions of a full duty cycle and for mitigating multipath effect, adaptive filter such as Least Mean Square (LMS) has been observed to be more effective. In this paper, the degradation of SNR as the user moves away from PL is presented. The effective dynamic range for a typical receiver incase of CW and varying duty cycle signals from a pulsed PL is estimated and graphically presented. Also, the signal degradation with Rayleigh fading channel and multipath error minimization using LMS adaptive filter is presented.


In the current education system, we expect the comprehension level of all the students in a classroom to be same. However, this is not the case. There are many factors that may affect the comprehension of lectures in the classroom including class size, visibility of the whiteboard, student's level of concentration, student's level of comprehension to name a few. Our main aim is to find a better way to offer the best education experience for students using the latest innovative solutions in technology. During our survey of Virtual Reality (VR) applications, we identified several readily available applications most of which were related to either medical education, tourism or other domains of sciences. None of the applications were available for general education where a complete classroom is transported into virtual reality. In this paper, we developed a VR framework that enhances the learning experience of students who face difficulties in the classroom. Moreover, we developed a complete prototype system to validate the framework. The proposed framework makes learning immersive, interactive and narrative offering enhanced motivation to students. The prototype system setup involves setting up a camera in the classroom to capture the whiteboard. Visuals from the whiteboard augmented with the course material (lecture slides) are compiled together to create a virtual space for the students. Students can interact with the virtual classroom by a provided set of tools in the virtual space. The VR application is developed using Unity 3D Engine and interaction is implemented using a handheld Bluetooth device.


It is true that most single mothers are left with the baby; but there can be a fate worse than this: to be left without your baby and to be excluded from the intimacy of family life and the parenting of one s children. It might be said that some single fathers choose to exclude themselves from their children and from family life but, no more than single mothers or indeed any of us, they do not choose the circumstances in which those choices are made: the conditioning within their own family and community, the poverty of childhood, the experience of educational underachievement, the hopelessness of early school leaving and subsequent unemployment. Of course not all single fathers fit this stereotype but many do, and enough of them do to make us concerned about what is happening in disadvantaged communities where young men are not being supported to take up one of the most important archetypal roles which a man can take up — to be a father.


The invention relates to an aeration and deaeration device for the fuel tank of an internal combustion engine, whereby the tank is aerated or deaerated via an adsorption filter that can be regenerated by backwashing with atmospheric air in the air intake zone and that detects the composition of the backwashing air which is then taken into consideration for the control of the combustion process. The aim of the invention is to provide a device that allows backwashing of the adsorption filter without influencing the composition of the exhaust gases. To this end, the backwash line (5) is provided with a sensor (9) that detects the substance and/or status data of the backwash air. The zone of the backwash line (5) comprising the sensor (9) can be connected to the interior of the adsorption filter (4) as a forced flow-through circulation line. A 3/2 way valve (8) is disposed in the backwash line (5) downstream of the sensor (9) and is used to connect or disconnect the closed circulation line. One output of said valve leads to the intake zone of the internal combustion engine (6) and the other output leads back to the adsorption filter (4) via a bypass line (7) that runs parallel to the backwash line (5).


We present a mathematical index of colllision risk and propose it as a candidate conflict probe for use in free flight. The index can be used to aid and measure ATC and pilot performance during simulated or real flight. The instantaneous value of the index is a relative (ordinal) measure of global situational risk. When the value of the index is graphed over time, conflicts can be easily identified and their severity estimated. Peak values indicate approximate times and degree of risk associated with the minimum separation of aircraft.


In the historical change of the era,Shen Congwen's literature thought was in the history of the formation with regional gap and inevitable complexity.He underestimated the role of the general literary and art workers for social progress in emphasizing the special character of literature.The liberalism standpoint and the moderate aesthetic standpoint bounded his vision and insight thinking made those literary comments sometimes slightly ethereal misty.


The goal of Louisiana's 1990–1991 comparative risk project, also called the Louisiana Environmental Action Plan (LEAP), was to incorporate risk assessment into state environmental planning and policymaking. Scientists, government officials, and citizens were brought together to estimate the relative risk to human health, natural resources, and quality of life posed by 33 selected environmental issues. The issues were then ranked according to their relative estimated risks. It was hoped that this ranking of "comparative risks†would enable state policymakers to target the most important environmental problems and allocate scarce public resources more rationally and efficiently. As a result of the project, the governor issued an Executive Order forming a permanent Public Advisory Committee to continue this type of comparative risk assessment in Louisiana.


The premise of this paper is to design a communication protocol for the agents operating in different multiagent systems. The protocol thus proposed offers full autonomy to agents for deciding if they are interested in communicating and collaborating with peer agents. The work proposes six iterative rules for establishing the communication and five new performatives in KQML to support the working of protocol in multiagent systems using KQML as communication language.


Offshore cranes placed on the surface of Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessels affect the structural response of their main decks, which can alter the safe operation of the FPSO vessels. Generally, classification societies rules are used to predict the structural strength of the main deck of FPSO vessels. However, these classification societies rules are limited to estimate the variation of the structural performance of the main deck caused by the operation of offshore cranes under different hydrodynamic conditions. Here, we present a methodology to determine the alteration of the structural behavior of a main deck of FPSO vessel due to different operation conditions of a board offshore crane. This methodology considers the hydrodynamic response for two ultimate limit states: operating and storm conditions from 1000 m water depth in Gulf of Mexico with a return period of 10 and 100 years, respectively. The methodology includes finite element method (FEM) models of the main deck supporting an offshore crane to predict its structural response. The maximum von Mises stress of the main deck does not overcome its maximum permissible stress, which allows a safe operation of the FPSO crane. The proposed methodology can be used to estimate the structural behavior of main decks of FPSO vessels that are modified for supporting offshore cranes, regarding the hydrodynamic response for each FPSO under the operation and extreme conditions in its location. Thus, naval designers could select the better structural modifications of the main decks that decrease their costs of construction and maintenance.


A multiband antenna tuned circuit comprising an antenna, a first switch, a second switch, more than two tuned circuits, and a control module for controlling switchover of the first switch and the second switch. The antenna is connected to input ends of all the tuned circuits respectively through the first switch. The output ends of all the tuned circuits are connected to the second switch. The control module is connected to the first switch and the second switch respectively. The efficiency of a multiband antenna can thereby be enhanced and the user experience can be improved.


A thin film solar cell including a first substrate, a first electrode on the first substrate, an upper surface of the first electrode having a plurality of irregularities, an absorption layer on the first electrode, the absorption layer including amorphous silicon layers and microcrystal silicon layers contacting the first electrode at an angle relative to the first substrate, a second electrode on the absorption layer, and a second substrate on the second electrode.


Analog circuits have been dominating the switching power supplies control due to simplicity and low implementation cost. However, digital control presents important advantages to meet the increasingly stringent future processors power requirements. This study focuses in the fact that, sensing only a buck converter output voltage, a digital control can be built to implicitly implement a Current Mode Control (CMC), without sensing the inductor current while maintaining a fast response to load variations. A solution that consist on a Digital Linear-Quadratic Regulator with a Kalman Estimator (DLQRwKE) is compared with two new digital control laws: Digital Voltage-Mode Current Control (DVMCC), based on the last cycle output voltage change, and Digital Voltage-Mode Averaged Current Control (DVMACC) that also takes into account the previous duty-cycle. This last original control solution is proven to present state-of-art load and line transients and robust stability, even in the presence of changes in the operation conditions. The propose DVMACC is shown to be a promising alternative to current analog and digital control methods.


The influence of added calcium chloride (1–10 mmol/L) on the heat-induced coagulation of skim bovine milk was examined. Unconcentrated milk displayed a pH-heat coagulation time (HCT) profile with a maximum at pH 6.6 and minimum at pH 7.0. Adding calcium chloride to unconcentrated milk progressively reduced the HCT at the maximum, increased the pH at which the maximum occurred and reduced the HCT at pH > 7.0. For concentrated milk, the shape of the pH-HCT profile, that is, a maximum at pH 6.6, was not altered by added calcium chloride, but HCT was reduced progressively with increasing concentration of calcium chloride. Preheating (90°C for 10 min) shifted the maximum in the pH-HCT profile of unconcentrated milk to a more acidic pH, and addition of 5 mmol/L calcium chloride to preheated milk induced changes in heat stability similar to those noted for unheated milk. Addition of calcium chloride to milk prior to preheating strongly reduced the stability of milk against heat-induced coagulation. These data suggest that calcium has a strong destabilizing effect on the stability of milk systems against heat-induced coagulation.


Listeners are more sensitive to timbral differences when comparing stimuli side-by-side than temporally-separated. The contributions of auditory memory and spectral compensation to this effect are unclear. A listening test examined the role of auditory memory in timbral discrimination, across retention intervals (RIs) of up to 40 s. For timbrally complex music stimuli discrimination accuracy was good across all RIs, but there was increased sensitivity to onset spectrum, which decreased with increasing RI. Noise stimuli showed no onset sensitivity but discrimination performance declined with RIs of 40 s. The difference between program types may suggest different onset sensitivity and memory encoding (categorical vs non-categorical). The onset bias suggests that memory effects should be measured prior to future investigation of spectral compensation.


Experimental studies and theoretic considerations on the problem of palate closure and the ways it may fail have led to the following conclusions:
 The process of palate closure involves the delicate integration of a number of processes, each under the influence of genetic and environmental factors. These processes include the building up of a force within the palatine shelves enabling them to overcome the resistance of the tongue and meet in the mid-line, provided the width of the head and the width of the shelves are appropriate.
 The process of palate closure can go wrong in a number of ways, each of which may result in a cleft palate: (a) the intrinsic shelf force may be impaired, e.g., by fetal and maternal genes and by cortisone; (b) the resistance of the tongue may be increased, e.g., by the mechanical stresses on the embryo following amniotic puncture; (c) the head may be too wide to allow the palatine shelves to meet in the mid-line; (d) the shelves may be too narrow to meet in the mid-line.
 Obviously it is useless to argue about whether cleft palates are genetically or environmentally determined, or to attempt to find any one cause or cure that will account for all of them. Nevertheless our efforts to clarify the situation are justified, as each etiological factor that is understood may allow some reduction in the frequency of this defect.


It is a relative difficult problem to compute the recursion. Establishing various kinds of models is necessary to solve this problem. Fibonacci is a famous recursion equation. Based on this recursion, a model for a kind of recursion is set up and its run is analyzed.


The cyclical upswing between 2005 and 2007 differs significantly in a number of ways from the last boom phase from 1997 to 2000. The most recent upswing was about one year shorter. A comparison of the two cycles also shows considerable differences in the structure of economic development: in both cycles, the upswing was triggered – as is typical of Austria – by the stimulation of exports in the wake of an improving economic performance of the country's most important trading partners. However, rising exports did not have a sufficient impact on investments on plant and equipment in the current economic cycle, which meant that capital expenditure did not pick up accordingly. At the same time, construction activities were booming, with public-sector contracts having a pro-cyclical effect.


The ICP-OES method was used for determination of the content of silicon element in stainless steel by inner calibration method.Using yttrium element as inner calibration,the interference from iron base on detected elements was eliminated,and lab resources were saved.By using mixed acid to dissolve sample,the testing condition of ICP-OES was optimized.This method was simple and efficient,the detection limit was 0.028 μg/m,and the recovery was 104.6%,which can accurate to meet the needs of the product quality control.


In this work, a lattice-matched SiGeSn/GeSn heterostructure p-channel tunneling field-effect transistor (hetero-PTFET) with a type-II staggered tunneling junction (TJ) is investigated theoretically. Lattice matching and type-II band alignment at the Γ-point is obtained at the SiGeSn/GeSn interface by tuning Sn and Si compositions. A steeper subthreshold swing (SS) and a higher on state current (ION) are demonstrated in SiGeSn/GeSn hetero-PTFET than in GeSn homo-PTFET. Si0.31Ge0.49Sn0.20/Ge0.88Sn0.12 hetero-PTFET achieves a 2.3-fold higher ION than Ge0.88Sn0.12 homo-PTFET at VDD of 0.3 V. Hetero-PTFET achieves a more abrupt hole profile and a higher carrier density near TJ than the homo-PTFET, which contributes to the significantly enhanced band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) rate and tunneling current in hetero-PTFET.


The textual descriptions of alterations carried in the two most important
 Theotokos' churches in Constantinople, the Blachernae and the Theotokos in
 Chalkoprateia, focus on the addition of lateral apses to the buildings. This
 type is very likely the source of influence and also the basis for the
 transference of the concept of lateral apses in Athonite katholika.


Abstract Highly aligned polyacetylene films are synthesized by three different methods in which nematic liquid crystals are used as an ordered matrix solvent: Method 1, polymerization of acetylene is carried out in a quiescent nematic solution in which a Ti(OBu)4-AlEt3 Ziegler-Natta catalyst is dissolved homogeneously; Method 2, macroscopic alignment is attained by gravity flow of the nematic liquid crystal-catalyst system; and Method 3, the nematic liquid crystal-catalyst solution is aligned under a magnetic field. Characterization of these films is carried out through SEM observation and measurements of polarized visible and infrared absorption spectra. Results indicate that as-prepared films have highly aligned fibrils. Upon doping by I2 and AsF5, these films exhibit high electrical condactivity of the order of 104 S/cm.


ABSTRACT A nonisothermal two-dimensional pore network model is developed to describe the superheated steam drying of a capillary porous medium. The complex void space is approximated by a network of spherical pores interconnected by cylindrical throats. In this model, the condensation of water vapor at the network surface as well as the network drying are taken into account. During the network drying period, the liquid transport is driven by capillary action, whereas vapor transport occurs because of convection. The condensation of water vapor within the pores is modeled based on newly formulated liquid invasion rules. The simulation results, presented as temperature and moisture content profiles over time, indicate qualitative agreement with available experimental observations. The inclusion of the liquid invasion rules is shown to accommodate more of the condensed water mass compared to earlier models, in which condensation is only partly treated. Due to the viscous vapor flow, the vapor overpressure within the network, which is the driving force of vapor transport, is reproduced in these simulations. The influence of vapor overpressure on the disintegration of the liquid phase is also discussed.


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It is noted that most of the Internal Auditors at GMRA who conduct their audits based on ISO Standards were not able to recognize many qualitative indicators for failure by the ways of doing of these audits, a decision was taken to develop this evaluation method through determining the applicability of use of other evaluation methods and select the most suitable one. The selected one will be developed to the extent that would enable the Auditors and their organization to predict for any future failure.. The methods those were reviewed in this study are ; Failure mode and effect analysis "FMEA", Benchmarking, Self assessment Model (EFQM) and Auditing by process approach. A critical analysis of these methods was started by formulating a set of criteria , which has enabled the organisation to select most suitable method. The research methodology was based on the review of; QMS Documentation, Results of internal audits, Minutes of Annual Management Review Meetings of 2013, Records of failures & investigation studies and recovery/remedial works taken place. The score and measurement criteria has supported the selection and conclusion that " Auditing by Process Approach " is the most suitable one for GMRA which can be used to evaluate the performance of pipeline and its monitoring / inspection / protection techniques, if it is supported by other measurement technique, i.e. the FMEA. The results supported this finding under the condition of accommodating of an additional measurement by FMEA method that depends on the Risk Assessment associated with each process to be audited, and this has helped the Auditors for prediction for future failures, but no evidence found for identifying the qualitative indicators. Therefore it is recommended to conduct further investigation to assess whether the accommodating of the other individual evaluation techniques into the Auditing by Process Approach method will improve the Auditors capability for determining the qualitative indicators, and to what extent? Keywords : inspection Techniques, Failures, Reliability, Evaluation Methods, Auditing, Effectiveness, score and Ranking, Indicators and Prediction


The implementation of a reliable vision system for a human-robot environment is a key issue for the collaborative production industry. The core challenge of human-robot collaboration is to ensure safety. Furthermore, a flexible safety system is required for frequently changing applications and work areas. This paper focuses on the development and application of a workspace monitoring system for safeguarding using radar sensors. The human-robot collaboration cell is designed to enable a flexible integration regardless of the work location. This results in higher productivity. Since no separating protective devices are provided for the cell, safety-oriented monitoring and control by suitable safety sensors is required. The methods to minimize the size of the necessary safety distance will be presented. The experimental validation shows that this safety system with radar sensors performs a reliable workspace monitoring system. The high robustness, reactivity and flexibility of the safety concept makes this system usable for collaborative tasks in a real industrial environment.


The invention discloses a kind of Pneumatic Position Servo System backstepping control method, the method is specifically implemented according to following steps: step 1, set up the model of controlled Pneumatic Position Servo System, and each above-mentioned variable parameter detects in real time respectively by respective detecting instrument and obtains; Negligible friction, obtain three rank linear models of pneumatic system, control objectives is the desired output made required by Model output tracking; Step 2, set up the Backstepping Controller model of Pneumatic Position Servo System; Step 3, estimate Pneumatic Position Servo System unknown parameters ' value, by the numerical value input computer estimating to obtain, for the parameter of real-time update Backstepping Controller model, the signal of computer control amplifier exports, the displacement amount of real-time regulating piston.The inventive method does not need to increase Pressure testing hardware or algorithm, can obtain the control accuracy of better tracking effect and Geng Gao.


Imagine you're sitting at an important job interview. You're suitably dressed and have taken the time to do your hair and apply some makeup. The panel, made up of men and women, aren't giving anything away. What do you think might be influencing their perceptions of you? Though there is the old adage that one shouldn't judge a book by its cover, makeup is one way in which they may be judging you. It's not just about whether someone simply likes or dislikes your makeup – it can be change the perceptions that men and women have of you in different ways. In our latest study, we found that women who wear makeup appear more dominant when they are judged by other women, but appear to be more prestigious when judged by men. Both dominance and prestige are ways in which a person can reach higher status in society, but these routes to status could not be more distinct. People pursuing the dominant strategy are not afraid to use force and intimidation to get their way and reach the top. Prestigious people, on the other hand, possess merits and skills that make others freely want to follow their lead. Success strategies Take, for example, UFC champion Ronda Rousey and her prefight smack talk. Like many professional fighters, Rousey uses these talks to intimidate her opponents and, in some cases, other celebrities – a surefire dominant strategy.


[Objective] To observe the combination effects of tea polyphenols and Ginkgo Biloba extract on proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.[Methods] Effects of tea polyphenols and Ginkgo Biloba extract and their combination on human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 were detected by MTT assay,and cell morphological analysis was employed to examine the morphological changes of MDA-MB-231 in all test groups.[Results] The inhibition rate of Ginkgo Biloba extract combined with tea polyphenols at low concentration(10,20 μg/ml) was the highest,and the synergistic effect of joint group on breast cancer cell worked in a certain range;in addition,human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was in poor state and had weak refraction rate in joint group;adherent cells was shrunk and became round by comparison with that in tea ployphenols group,Ginkgo Biloba and control group.[Conclusion] Ginkgo Biloba extract at low concentration had poor inhibitory effect on human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.Tea polyphenols and joint group can inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231,and the joint effects of tea polyphenols and Ginkgo Biloba extract are synergistic within a certain range.


. In this paper, acquisition of knowledge from user's programs written in Pascal to the knowledge base of the computer is introduced. It is shown that system with such a kind of knowledge can be used as the automatic programming system. First, representation of knowledge acquired by the computer from different programs is characterized. Then searching for pieces of knowledge in the knowledge base needed for synthesis of a program specified in user requirement is described. Finally, the construction of a new program from the found pieces of knowledge is shown.


The rice straw particle boards were prepared by organic silicon modified phenol-formaldehyde resin(PF) adhesives.The optimal process parameters for preparing rice straw particle boards were preferred by orthogonal experiments after a lot of pre-experiments.The results showed that the various mechanics performances could all meet index request in GB/T 4 897.3-2003 standard,and formaldehyde releasing contents were all less than 0.5 mg/(100 g) for rice straw particle boards prepared by organic silicon modified PF adhesives when temperature was 80 ℃ at second increase viscosity,mass fraction of organic silicon was 5%,and organic silicon was introduced into systems before first increase viscosity in synthesis process of PF.


Marketing strategy is a comprehensive plan, integrated, and unified in the field of marketing, which is obtained from the identification of internal and external factors. The aims of this research were to identify the internal and external factors and to find the alternative of marketing strategy of salak pondoh in Padang Pengrapat Village Tanah Grogot Subdistrict Paser District. Research was held from August to October 2017. The sampling method was census with 30 respondents. Data was analyzed by using SWOT analysis. The main strength is the capital and the main opportunity is the ability to enter the market. The best alternative strategy is Strength Opportunities (SO). The strategies are maintain the quality of salak pondoh fruit to be able to retain customers and develop the market, products innovation by utilizing the existing technology, request the government assistance to increase productivity through intensification of salak pondoh field. Identification of internal factors are capital structure, land area, fruit quality, product innovation of planning type, production capacity, planning capability, human resource quality, transportation, and promotion facilities. External factors are market entry ability, technology utilization, customer, government policy, policy of environmental, economic and political, customer, competitor, product substitution, and influence of fuel price increase.


Minorca, or the Mediterranean exception : an erosion-free island. Minorca, in the Balearic Islands, distingues itself from its neighbours by the absence of occurencies of anthropic erosion. This situation is explained by an ancient presence of a dense network of stone-walls and by the generalization of the zulZa which contributes to the protection of the top-soil. However, since the entry of Spain into the E.E.C., the slopes has been laid to fallow and the zulla abandoned in favour of fodder cereals. Question can be asked about the future of the island's landscape. This example underlines the necessity of an historical approach to identify the breaks in land-use and their consequences on the milieu, as well as the necessity of giving a hndamental place to Man in the analysis of erosional factors.


ABSTRACT The expression of adenovirus serotype 2 or 5 (Ad2/5) E1A sensitizes cells to killing by NK cells and activated macrophages, a property that correlates with the ability of E1A to bind the transcriptional coadaptor proteins p300-CBP. The E6 oncoproteins derived from the high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) interact with p300 and can complement mutant forms of E1A that cannot interact with p300 to induce cellular immortalization. Therefore, we determined if HPV type 16 (HPV16) E6 could sensitize cells to killing by macrophages and NK cells. HPV16 E6 expression sensitized human (H4 and C33A) and murine (MCA-102) cell lines to lysis by macrophages but not by NK cells. The lysis of cells that expressed E6 by macrophages was p53 independent but dependent on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages. Unlike cytolysis assays with macrophages, E6 expression did not significantly sensitize cells to lysis by the direct addition of NO or TNF-α. Like E1A, E6 has been reported to sensitize cells to lysis by TNF-α by inhibiting the TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB. We found that E1A, but not E6, blocked the TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB, an activity that correlated with E1A-p300 binding. In summary, Ad5 E1A and HPV16 E6 sensitized cells to lysis by macrophages. Unlike E1A, E6 did not block the ability of TNF-α to activate NF-κB or sensitize cells to lysis by NK cells, TNF-α, or NO. Thus, there appears to be a spectrum of common and unique biological activities that result as a consequence of the interaction of E6 or E1A with p300-CBP.


This article explores why ethno-national conflicts reach different degrees of ethnonational violence. It draws insights from the conflicts in Kosovo, Macedonia and Bulgaria, and the relationship between the Albanian and Turkish minorities and their respective majoritydominated governments during the 1990s. It challenges assertions by the literature that the early adoption of a constitution during the transition process and the inclusion of minorities in constitution-making assemblies could guarantee peaceful minority-majority interactions in the long run. Instead it argues that the relative change of constitutional minority rights status in comparison to the communist period, and not the absolute scope of rights granted by the new constitutions is the factor that matters for the formulation of the "new rules of the game." Particularly constitutions which decrease minority rights status became focal points for the minority mobilization against them. Sidelined in the constitutional formation process, all three minorities challenge their constitutions. Yet they do so from within the institutions of the state (Bulgarian case), carry out clandestine activities (Kosovo case) or combine the two (Macedonian case) depending on how their status had been changed and which strategies – cooptation or coercion – the majority-dominated governments had employed to make the minorities comply with their new status. The minority actions are related in turn with low, high or middle levels of violence. This article also argues that timing and sequencing of governmental responses to minority demands matter. A timely governmental action prevents a non-territorial minority demand from expanding to become territorial. A belated governmental response to an originally non-territorial demand that had already become territorial could escalate the conflict, especially if the policy of the government fails.


Facial skin temperature is closely related to the underlying blood vessels; thus by obtaining a thermal map of the human face we can also extract the pattern of the blood vessels just below the skin. Thermal Infrared Imaging has many applications in different scientific, engineering, research, and medical areas. This paper presents preliminary findings using thermal infrared imaging for the detection of the human face vasculature network at the skin surface and the generation of thermal facial signatures. The thermal infrared images were then analyzed using digital image processing techniques to enhance and detect the facial vasculature network of the volunteers and generate a thermal facial signature for each volunteer. We further present a comprehensive performance analysis of multiple appearance-based face recognition methodologies, on visible and thermal infrared imagery. The effect of illumination conditions on recognition performance is emphasized, as it underlines the relative advantage of radio metrically calibrated thermal imagery for face recognition.


Visualization has always played an important role in the analysis of material flow simulations. These days, commercial software is available to visualize such systems. Using these software, the user has to model and parameterize the simulation and finally view the simulation in a virtual environment. After analyzing the system, typically he might wish to carry out changes in the layout, parameters, etc of the simulation model which also includes determining new motion paths for objects like forklifts, automated guided vehicles, etc. This paper presents a motion planning algorithm which automatically determines the paths for such objects depending on the new model layout without colliding with other objects of the virtual factory. First the motivation is presented in a case study form to emphasize drawbacks of existing software. Then the algorithm is described on the highest level followed by details of the methodology. The paper concludes with future research and conclusions.


Moisture transport, associated with moisture sources and synoptic‐scale weather conditions, is a key dynamic process of precipitation events. Using the K‐means clustering method and the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model, this paper investigates moisture contributions from different source regions to extreme precipitation in the first rainy season (hereafter FRS) over South China. In average, land regions contribute more to the FRS extreme precipitation over South China than the ocean regions. The main source regions are Southeast Asia (22.7%), South China (17.2%), the South China Sea (14.3%), and the Bay of Bengal (8.3%). Extreme precipitation events are classified into three types by the K‐means clustering based on 850 hPa geopotential height, which are all characterized by an anomalous low‐pressure system over South China with varying intensity and locations. The distribution of geopotential height anomaly for Type I (30.3%) is characterized the low trough extending from Japan to South China, while Type II (42.5%) and Type III (27.2%) are characterized by "west negative–east positive" and "north positive–south negative" patterns over East Asia with anomalous cyclone over South China, respectively. The much larger contribution of land sources than ocean regions are mainly concentrated in Type I and Type III, of which the contribution from each source region is similar. Ocean sources play a more important role in Type II and are mainly from the Indian Ocean (16.2%) associated with the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon.


Aim Museum and herbarium specimen records are frequently used to assess species' conservation status and responses to climate change. Typically, occurrences with imprecise geolocality information are discarded because they cannot be matched confidently to environmental conditions, and are thus expected to increase uncertainty in downstream analyses. However, using only precisely georeferenced records risks undersampling of species' environmental and geographic distributions. We present two related methods to allow the use of imprecisely georeferenced occurrences in biogeographic analysis. Innovation Our two procedures assign imprecise records to the 1) locations or 2) climates that are closest to the geographic or environmental centroid of the precise records of a species. For virtual species, including imprecise records alongside precise records improved the accuracy of ecological niche models projected to the present and the future, especially for species with ~20 or fewer precise occurrences. Using only precise records underestimates loss in suitable habitat and overestimates the amount of suitable habitat in both the present and future. Including imprecise records also improves estimates of niche breadth and extent of occurrence. An analysis of 44 species of North American Asclepias (Apocynaceae) yielded similar results. Main conclusions Existing studies examining the effects of spatial imprecision compare outcomes based on precise records to the same records with spatial error added to them. However, in real-world cases, analysts possess a mix of precise and imprecise records and must decide whether to retain or discard the latter. Discarding imprecise records can undersample species' geographic and environmental distributions and lead to mis-estimation of responses to past and future climate change. Our method, for which we provide a software implementation in the enmSdmX package for R, is simple to employ and can help leverage the large number of specimen records that are typically deemed "unusable" because of spatial imprecision in their geolocation.


Comments on the article, "Violent video games and the Supreme Court: Lessons for the scientific community in the wake of Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association," by C. J. Ferguson (see record 2013-04752-001). The recent article by Ferguson addressing the ongoing controversy regarding violent media games and aggression identified several important points that both advocates and opponents of media violence and behavior can agree on. The commenter agrees with Ferguson that several factors exist in the primary cause of increased aggression in our society today, as aggression can be linked to several sources and affects different people with different temperaments in a variety of ways. The purpose of this comment is not to further polarize and isolate research ideology in the controversy over violent media games and aggression but rather to find common ground in how to address the systemic problem of violence in our society. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en


The curing kinetics of the epoxy resin adhesive for concrete preparing,which was produced by Department of Structure and Materials of IWHR,was studied by applying the differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The DSC curves have been treated with Kissinger method and Crane equation.The result is that the apparent activation energy E_k=55.2kJ/mol and the reaction order is 0.891,which indicate the reaction is a complex one.The addition of curing accelerant can accelerate the reaction and reduce the apparent activation energy.The speed of reaction would increase about 100% when the temperature rise per 10℃.Considering the complicate condition and big variation of temperature outdoor,the authors put forward a method for determining the pot time of the materials in construction.


We discuss the bi - stability that is possibly exhibited by a liquid free surface in a parametrically - driven two-dimensional (2D) rectangular tank with finite liquid depth. Following the method of adaptive mode ordering, assuming two dominant modes and retaining polynomial nonlinearities up to third-order, a nonlinear finite-dimensional nonlinear modal system approximation is obtained. A "continuation method" of nonlinear dynamics is then used in order to elicit efficiently the instability boundary in parameters` space and to predict how steady surface elevation changes as the frequency and/or the amplitude of excitation are varied. Results are compared against those of the linear version of the system (that is a Mathieu-type model) and furthermore, against an intermediate model also derived with formal mode ordering, that is based on a second - order ordinary differential equation having nonlinearities due to products of elevation with elevation velocity or acceleration. The investigation verifies that, in parameters space, there must be a region, inside the quiescent region, where liquid surface instability is exhibited. There, behaviour depends on initial conditions and a wave form would be realised only if the free surface was substantially disturbed initially.


Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumour in adults, with a median overall survival of fewer than 18 months after initial diagnosis. For over five decades, research has been focused on developing new anticancer therapies for GBM, including anti-neoplastic agents, molecular targeted drugs, immunotherapeutic approaches, and angiogenesis inhibiting compounds; however, the prognosis of patients has hardly improved and temozolomide remains the only chemotherapy shown to improve patient survival in randomized clinical trials. A fundamental limitation of the success of chemotherapy in brain cancer therapies is the blood-brain barrier which significantly reduces the concentration of chemotherapeutic agents delivered into a tumour.

 Therapeutic strategies that control drug release spatially and temporally represent a significant step forward in terms of reducing side effects and improving treatment efficacy and will thus have a significant clinical impact. Electrophoretic drug delivery devices, which use electric fields to enhance drug transport, represent one such strategy.

 Here, we present an implantable device that enables highly spatially selective delivery of charged drug molecules directly into brain tumours. Our device combines a microfluidic system for drug transport with embedded electrodes which enable electrophoretic transport of drug molecules into the target tissue. This allows delivery of chemotherapeutic agents without transport of bulk solvent preventing issues arising from intracranial pressure gradients. We have shown that the device can be implanted safely without any limitation. We have tested the device's capabilities to deliver a wide range of small, medium, and large chemotherapeutic agents without limitations. Currently, we are investigating the delivery of cisplatin in GBM-bearing mice.

 While electrophoretic drug delivery was first described in the early 20th century and has been used since primarily for transdermal drug delivery, we believe that our approach is one of the first times this has been demonstrated for brain cancer therapy.


Based on 36 in-depth interviews conducted with 18 Japanese couples who live in Southern California, this study examines the impact of differential economic opportunities on the division of labor among Japanese immigrant couples. Three main factors facilitate Japanese professional and businessmen's mobility to and settlement in Southern California: (1) the gender-based stratification of the workplace in Japan; (2) U.S. immigration policies that favor foreign nationals with strong corporate ties and business experience; and (3) the strong presence of Japanese corporations in Southern California. Whereas these conditions enable men to maintain their earning power, they do not benefit women in employment opportunities. The difference in economic opportunities encourages Japanese couples to preserve a breadwinner and homemaker division of labor, and women continue to do a bulk of housework and childcare even when women reenter the labor force later in their lives.


In the Beimen River basin there is Pleistocene deposit widely spreading with a significant depth.When studying the backgroud condition of the formation of the building placer,using TM images and local geologic and peophisic data for integrated interpretation,the author found rich relics of glacial pavement such as Zungenbecken,cirque,glacial tough,moraine bar,moraine fan.outwash apron,etc which are caused by glaciation.Analysis of the terrains of glacial crosion and glocial drift shows that they are a range of regular compositions interrelated in structure and resulting from multiple times of glaciation in the Pleistocene epoch.


Balkanization of public governance and decentralization lead to the basic causes for non-equalization in rural and regional education,health care,social security,infrastructure and basic public services,employment and etc..Based on holistic governance theory,to build "the service triangle" as the macro objective of the new rural public service system operating strategy is: according to the peasants demands,offering public services,implementing government-led,market policies and social service coordination,and establishing a "city,county and township(town),village"integrated services network to create a "cross-border cooperation" of public service organized culture.


The importance of a healthy mentoring relationship, and how to go about achieving one, has been explored in several disciplines, including psychology. However, little of this work has focused specifically on unique ethical issues that may arise while mentoring undergraduate students. The authors provide a definition of mentoring in the context of undergraduate education that takes into account undergraduates' status as emerging adults. We delineate both similarities and differences between mentoring undergraduate students and graduate students. Ethical issues that may arise while mentoring undergraduates, especially around themes of vocation, autonomy and influence, boundaries, power, the priority of the protégé's needs, the mentor's motives, and accessibility, are spotlighted. We argue that although there is considerable overlap between mentoring graduate students and mentoring undergraduates, there are issues and concerns unique to working with undergraduates that require explication so that they can be appropriately addressed to the benefit of both protégé and mentor.


—Service computing in the cloud allows applications to be deployed remotely. These are managed by third-party service providers that make virtualised resources available for these services. Self-adaptive features for load-balancing and auto-scaling are available here, but generally there is no direct access to the infrastructure or platform-level execution environment. Some quality parameters of a provided service can be directly observed while others remain hidden from the service consumer. Our solution is an autonomous self-adaptive controller for anomaly remediation in this semi-hidden setting. The objective of the controller is to, firstly, determine possible root causes of consumer-observed anomalies and, secondly, take appropriate action. This needs to happen in an underlying provider-controlled infrastructure. We use Hidden Markov Models to map observed performance anomalies into hidden resources, and to identify the root causes of the observed anomalies. We apply the model to a clustered computing resource environment that is based on three layers of aggregated resources. We discuss use cases to illustrate the utility of the proposed solution.


The effect of zeolite 3A, 4A, and ZSM-5 on the gas separation performance of polyurethane (PU)–zeolite mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) has been investigated in this study. Permeation of pure CO2, CH4, N2, and O2 gases through PU–zeolite MMMs with zeolite content of 6, 12, 18, and 24 wt% was studied. The prepared hybrid membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. Membrane characterization confirmed the homogeneous distribution of zeolite particles at low zeolite loadings in the prepared membranes. The obtained results confirmed a significant enhancement in the permeability of all gases and the CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, and O2/N2 selectivities by increasing the content of zeolite particles in PU–zeolite MMMs. The PU–zeolite 4A with 12 wt% zeolite loading showed the best performance in terms of gas permeability and selectivity for CO2/N2, CO2/CH4 and O2/N2 gas pairs.


This study explored the soils and vegetation of four of the five known ultramafic sites in Sri Lanka. Soil chemical and physical features were typical of ultramafic substrates. A preliminary taxonomic survey identified 45 species of angiosperms, none of which is endemic to the island or restricted to ultramafic soils. However, populations of several taxa may represent distinct races or ecotypes specific to the substrate. A thorough taxonomic survey of specimens from on and off this substrate may expose features unique to these ultramafic populations. Plant tissue concentrations of various elements were typical of species growing on ultramafic substrates. Evolvulus alsinoides (Convolvulaceae), Hybanthus enneaspermus (Violaceae), and Crotalaria biflora (Fabaceae) were shown to hyperaccumulate nickel (>1000 μg/g dry tissue). An unusual finding was the discovery of five hyperaccumulators of copper; Geniosporum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae), Clerodendrum infortunatum (Verbenaceae), Croton bonplandianus (Euphorbiaceae), Waltheria indica (Sterculiaceae), and Tephrosia villosa (Fabaceae). Copper hyperaccumulation (>1000 μg/g dry tissue) in ultramafic substrates is a little known phenomenon and requires further study. Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae) accumulated sodium to levels often seen in halophytic plants. Sodium accumulation in plants growing on ultramafic substrates is also a rare phenomenon.


This study explored discussions of cultural variables in supervision and their influence on supervisory satisfaction and working alliance. Results indicated limited discussions occurred, but when these discussions did occur, supervisees reported enhanced supervisory working alliance and increased satisfaction with supervision. These findings highlight the importance of supervisors initiating discussions of cultural variables.

Este estudio exploro discusiones sobre variables culturales y su influencia en la satisfaccion y alianza de supervision. Los resultados indicaron discusiones limitadas, pero cuando estas ocurrieron, los supervisados reportaron un aumento en la alianza de trabajo y satisfaccion con la supervision. Estos resultados hacen notable la importancia de que los supervisores inicien discusiones sobre los variables culturales.


Objective To investigate epidemiology and drug resistance associated with bacterial infection from Blood-borne after cholangioenterostomy in the purpose of prevention and treatment. Methods Altogether 463 recipients of cholangioenterostomy of patients with hemoculture- positive cases admitted from Jun. 2009 to Jun. 2012 in Henan Provincial People's Hospital were studied retrospectively and identified the bacterial and drug resistance. Results Bacterial infections occurred in 26 cases( 5. 6%) and 41strains separated from various specimens. The strains bacteria included. 25G-strains( 61. 0%) and16G + strains( 39. 0%). Most commom were strains Escherichia coli Enterococcus faces,Klebsiella pneumoniae. There were 15 patients suffered from mixed bacterial infection. Most of the G-bacteria were sensitive to carbapenems and inhibition of enzymes; G+bacteria were sensitive to aminoglycosides and oxazlidione. Conclusion The serious complications were common in patients with bacterial infection from blood- borne after cholangioenterostomy,it's important to identify the bacteria and drug resistance for the purpose of prophylaxis and treatments.


1% of peatlands) are abandoned, although the peat reserves are not exhausted yet; besides, several areas are not properly recultivated. In addition 12,000 ha of fens (oligotrophic peat layers) are drained and used as grasslands. If the abandoned and non-recultivated peat production areas are not vegetated, their CO2 emission is considerable and peat mineralises in such areas. The aim of the study was to find out specific ecological and geological factors, which affect recovering of peatlands and influence the recultivation. During the revision the amount and quality of the remained reserves, as well as the state of water regime, drainage network and revegetation was assessed in all 154 abandoned peat production areas. The study showed that the state of them is very variable. Some of them are covered with forest, prevailingly with birches at former drainage ditches, later supplemented by pine trees. In the others predominate grasses among plants, and various species of moss (Cladonia rei, Bryum caespiticum, Sphagnum ripariuma, Sphagnum squarrosum) occur as well. Besides, some abandoned areas are completely overgrown with cotton grass. Open abandoned peat areas, which are not covered by vegetation, are much rarer. We found out, that water regime among the factors plays most important role. Moreover abandoned peat production fields, where the environmental conditions have changed ‐ are appropriate for growth of several moss species, which cannot inhabit the areas already occupied by other species. The most interesting discovers were: second growing site of Polia elongata in West-Estonia and Ephemerum serratum, last found in Estonia in the middle of the 19th century, was identified in central Estonia. Also Campylopus introflexus, what was unknown in Estonia.


The ultrastructural destruction of cerebal arteriovenous malformation are the pathology base of leading to normal perfusion pressure breakthrough(NPPB).To further understand the pathogenesis of NPPB,this article reviews the progress in research on ultrastructural pathology of brain arteriovenous malformation.


Spatial information system is the most hot area in research domain. Its theory analysis and physics experimental system build-up are difficult so simulation becomes an important means for analyzing this system. A simulation system framework structure for spatial information system was developed. The distributed interactive simulation system was adopted based on HLA(High Level Architecture)building up ground-based simulation and demonstrate system. Using RTI(Runtime Infrastructure system)managed the distributed simulation environment information exchange. The system structure was introduced at the same time and the simulation framework running environment was proposed including hardware and software. At last, a using case about this system was given.


Based on the significance of market development of the national games,the paper puts forward the ideas of market development,analyzes the key sponsors and points out a series of problems of market development strategies:it is to open up the resources of sports events systematically;to build the brands of market development;to build up the specialized agencies and ranks of market development;to stick to the flexible investment strategies and high-quality services and protect the rights and rewards of sponsors by law;to pay attention to the earlier and the later stages of market development.


The twenty-seventh annual meeting of the American Ceramic Society was held at Columbus, Ohio, February 16 to 21, in connection with the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the founding of collegiate education in ceramics in America. The general session opened Monday morning, February 16th with Dean E. A. Hitchcock of the College of Engineering, Ohio State University, presiding. The program included an address of welcome, by President Thompson of the University; an historic account of "The Founding of the First Ceramic School at Ohio State," by Dr. Edward Orton, Jr., its founder; "Thirty Years' Progress in Ceramic Education," by Dr. A. V. Bleininger of the Homer Laughlin China Company; and a picture of "The Future of Ceramic Education in America," by Dr. E. Ward Tillotson of the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, and president-elect of the Ceramic Society. The afternoon session started with "Reminiscences of the Science of Ceramics in America," by Dr. Karl ...


A highly selective sensor for nitrite has been developed from surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization on silicon wafer, using PEGMA and pyrene derivatives as spacer and fluorophore, respectively.


The improvement of rural living environment,maintain rural human settlement environment healthy and rapid sustainable development of the construction of new country of socialism is one of the main content.The purpose of this paper is to present the human settlement environment theories based on the research results,analysis of China's rural human settlement environment of the actual situation,discuss rural human settlement environment construction principles and significance.


The writer will in this paper trace the history, to some extent, of the causes leading up to the application of synchronous apparatus to the water power transmission system of the Indiana and Michigan Electric Company for the purpose of maintaining adequate and serviceable standards comparable with such as would be realized with an individual steam plant situated where power and light are to be utilized.


Since the concept of big data was put forward by McKinsey, it has become a frequently cited phrase across all sectors in recent years. Logistics industry is a major beneficiary in the era of big data. Taking the logistics pattern of Cainiao network as an example, this paper analyzes the application of the big data in the logistics industry, and studies the influence of big data in the logistics industry. Alibaba Group-related logistics company Cainiao was formed two years ago to develop an efficient, China-wide parcel-delivery system


We have synthesized nylon 3 via ring opening polymerization of 2-azetidinone (β-lactam) with 1-tert-butyl-4,4,4-tris(dimethylamino)-2,2-bis[tris(dimethylamino)- phosphoranylidenamino]-2Λ5,4Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene) (t-BuP4) as the catalyst in a mixture of dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and LiCl. The polymers have been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser light scattering (LLS) and viscometry. The synthesized nylon 3 is a linear and crystalline polymer with a molecular weight as high as 105 g mol−1. The intrinsic viscosity ([η]) relates to the weight average molecular weight (Mw) as [η] = 1.02 × 10−4Mw0.91. The effects of solvent, temperature and catalyst concentration on the polymerization have been examined. The molecular weight and yield increases with the amount of LiCl in the polymerization mixture, but both of them decrease with temperature at a temperature above 50 °C. As the catalyst concentration increases, the yield and the molecular weight of nylon 3 decrease. The possible mechanism for the initiation of polymerization is discussed.


As they opened the plane door on arrival at Canberra it was like stepping inside a freezer. I had escaped from the heatwave in Britain to experience winter in Australia. I have not found anyone who believes that there was really frost! The Australian welcome did its best to combat the cold, however, and Professor Rod Jury had soon introduced our guides and got us settled in on the campus of Canberra University. The British team of five students, selected through the British Physics Olympiad, were: Alan Bain of Birkenhead School, Chris Blake of King Edward VI School, Southampton, Richard Davies of Dulwich College, Tom Down of Embley Park School, Romsey and Chris Webb of Royal Grammar School, Worcester. The two Leaders of the party were Cyril Isenberg of the University of Kent and Guy Bagnall of Harrow School. Chris Robson of St Bee's School and myself from Stoke on Trent Sixth form College were interested Observers and Guy's wife, Jenny, completed the party. For the old hands there were many friendships stretching back years to renew, and with 51 countries this year many new ones to be made. Figure 1. Photograph taken by C Robson of the British Physics Team immediately after the Awards Ceremony in Canberra in July 1995. From left to right: Chris Webb, Richard Davies, Tom Down, Alan Bain and Chris Blake. In addition to the confusion caused by the Sun being in the North and the Moon appearing to lie on its back, we had to get used to the flocks of chattering parrots browsing on the lawns and the kangaroos on campus! Everyone was presented with a boomerang and there were several sessions introducing the art of throwing them, even in the dark! The Opening Ceremony was colourful and a good mix of ceremony and fun with the Aboriginal entertainment and the Flame of Science to be lit. This was followed by my first examiners' meeting. Once the questions have been introduced no one is allowed to leave the group until ten hours later when the students are in bed! The room was most impressive with 51 tables for the leaders and observers. Each table was set out with the name of the country. The examiner presents his question and any ambiguity in the wording or doubtful parts of the solution and mark scheme are questioned and tidied up until everyone is satisfied. This year the meeting lasted longer than hoped (typically) as the third question was considered too mathematical in nature and the reserve question produced was in rather an unpolished state. At 11 pm I retired thankfully for the night. For the majority the important task of translating the questions into their own language began and lasted most of the night before the papers could be photocopied for the early morning exam. When we next saw our team they looked ashen after their five-hour theory paper. 'I was quite incoherent for the last hour of the paper', said one. The adults visited the research labs of the Australian National University, where we saw some impressive work on plasma etching, plasma stability, ion implantation and laser research. By that evening the first rough marking of the papers was complete and there was a chance for the leaders to look at the scripts in preparation for the moderation meeting. Evidently all our boys had done well and the prospect of two gold medals was in view. The next day there was a second long meeting to finalize the practical paper and translate it. The students had a day's sightseeing in Canberra followed by a noisy science quiz in mixed country teams. The practical paper was another five-hour ordeal but at least there was a walk between buildings halfway through to change experiments. All the adults were banned from the campus for the day - many whisked off on coach trips. During our stay we had visits to the National Parliament building and Art Gallery, where the Matisse exhibition was drawing to a close. We also visited the Aquarium and Nature Park, where a black swan objected, in no uncertain terms, to his mate being photographed on the nest. We learnt about Wattles (Australia's national flower), Bottle brush trees and saw Kookaburras in the Botanic Gardens. Most of the students had time to visit the Science Museum. We were taken to Tidbinbilla Deep Space Tracking Station - in the week when Galileo's Jupiter probe was released - and Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve. We travelled across the Southern Tablelands and through dramatic mountain passes to the coast. Our students were happy with the 'cylinders falling in glycerol' experiment but not so sure that they had estimated the reduction in intensity correctly in the laser/diffraction experiment. Some of them felt that there had been less emphasis on practical work as they neared the end of their A-level courses. They would have appreciated some more preparation for this. There was a range of hospitality shown to us; receptions were held by the Deputy Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory and the Vice-Chancellor of Canberra University, and we were guests of the Rotary Club members in their own homes. Some students spent a day with an Australian family. The British High Commissioner took the British party out to dinner. All of this was much appreciated! Soon it was time to discuss the marking of the practical, and our students seemed to have held their positions. The formula for the medals is Gold for 90 Until the top mark was settled at an incredible 95 that they were happy with the scores we knew the results. Alan Bain and Richard Davies had tied with identical marks on each of the two papers and would receive Gold medals. They were about 19th out of the 255 students competing. The other three students were close together and gained Bronze medals, although Chris Webb was only two points away from a Silver! There was considerable discussion at the International meeting of Leaders about the mounting cost of hosting the International Physics Olympiad. The number of countries entering had increased and could potentially exceed 100. Twenty-five countries made an informal commitment to pay towards the cost of students and leaders. Britain is host to the competition in the year 2000 and is looking for sponsors and grants to make it possible. Suddenly it was nearly all over and we were boarding the buses to the Closing Ceremony. We were delighted when Richard Davies was awarded an additional prize for the Best Mathematical Solution. Again the Ceremony was colourful, musical and moving but had its lighter moments when all the gold medallists were given bush hats that swamped some and perched atop others! The Flame of Science was extinguished and we were sitting down for our final meal together - a Banquet! 'Chef' (from North London) had triumphed again, feeding over 600 people excellently. Several countries and the team of examiners gave impromptu entertainment. Many had to board a bus for Sydney at 3 am, but we were allowed a last night's sleep. By the morning the IPhO office had removed itself, leaving a pile of cardboard boxes, and what had seemed a living organism had disappeared. Throughout, we found the Australians so friendly and helpful and the coach drivers were extremely informative. Rod's team of previous Olympiad students (green blazers) and Summer Science School students (blue blazers) had performed their organizational tasks so patiently and efficiently, I'm sure everyone's stay was enjoyable and successful. Thanks to all the companies whose sponsorship made the trip possible. Celia Bloor City of Stoke-on-Trent, Sixth Form College


We review the growing literature on the relationship between venture capital (VC) booms and start-up financing, focusing on three broad areas. First, we discuss the drivers of large inflows into the VC asset class, particularly in recent years, which are related to but also distinct from macroeconomic business cycles and stock market fluctuations. Second, we review the emerging literature on the real effects of VC financing booms. A particular focus of this work is to highlight the potential impact that booms (and busts) can have on the types of firms that VC investors choose to fund and the terms at which they are funded, independent of investment opportunities—thereby shaping the trajectory of innovation being conducted by start-ups. Third, an important insight from recent research is that booms in VC financing are not just a temporal phenomenon but can also be seen in terms of the concentration of VC investment in certain industries and geographies. We also review the role of government policy, exploring the degree to which it can explain the concentration of VC funding in the United States over the past 40 years in just two broad areas—information and communication technologies and biotechnology. We conclude by highlighting promising areas of further research.


Availability of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) is of paramount importance if it is to become a commercially successful technology. This paper presents a statistical Monte Carlo methodology to assess the availability of WECs which is driven both by the reliability of components and the time to repair a failure which is dependent on external factors such as weather windows and other restrictions on marine operations. This methodology is applied here to the Oyster WEC design which is being developed by Aquamarine Power Ltd. but can be modified to investigate other technologies which have different operation and maintenance philosophies.


The article dwells on the issues in regard to classification of crimes in the sphere of economic activity. It is aimed at a determination of the criteria of crime classification envisaged in chapter 27 of PT PC. The author analyses the legislation in reference to a crime related to economic activity in Tajikistan and expounds national positions of the coryphy of the law concerned with this realm. The scientific novelty of the given work lies in the fact that designing on the premise of RT legislation and scholars` opinions the authors come to the conclusion that the classification in question should be conducted according to the slant of their legal assessment' economy branch where it is carried out' targeted direction of criminal actions. It is worth mentioning that scientific classification of crimes in the sphere of economic activity affords to profoundly and comprehensively ascertain a legal nature of the phenomenon in question and also enables to continue the improvement of classification in this domain' it creates a theoretical basis for a further elaboration of the types of classification inside the system studied.


The role of 'testing' is changing as quality systems show how product improvement can assure quality at the earliest stage of the production process. In fact the earlier tests can be completed, the more cost effective the solution. Software support for testing in a quality managed environment is providing solutions and benefits that cannot be ignored. Getting testing in the right place and for the right purpose is fundamental to financial optimization of testing and the associated process controls. Arian Burr of tMSc explores the relationship between testing and quality control in the light of some practical experience


This study, through the use of company data, offers an in-depth analysis of the current situation and future prospects of biogas plants and how they can promote economic advantages and environmental benefits. The geographical context of the Piana del Sele (Salerno, Italy) was chosen on the basis of objective criteria, including its relevance in the agro-industrial sector and the availability of accurate and reliable company data that was collected through IT systems, including software business performance monitoring and digital data analysis. This choice was fundamental to guaranteeing the validity and representativeness of our analyses and results. From a methodological point of view, mathematical formulas and algorithms were used, which allowed the calculation of the biogas producibility indices by type of biomass as well as the quantification of the effluents produced to then estimate the quantification of the biogas and the interconnected economic savings. Furthermore, this study uses the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) approach in an innovative way by integrating renewable energy communities into it. The aim is to demonstrate the potential of biogas plants and how energy communities can transform weaknesses and threats into opportunities. The results show that the integration of biogas plants into the farm environment offers considerable potential, and although it is a challenge for small and medium-sized farms, it could bring energy self-sufficiency and economic surplus. Furthermore, the integration of renewable energy communities would be able to promote the diversification of energy supply and transform weaknesses and threats into opportunities.


The research status of pipe dual water supply in China are presented,which concludes the common water supply form,treatment technology,disinfection methods and so on in practical engineering.The application situations of pipe dual water supply engineering in typical cities in China are also mentioned.Moreover,some advices about research and development direction are given basis on analysis of existing problems of pipe dual water supply.


Ad exchange, as a new advertising trading form, has been widely applied nowadays. It is an automatic marketplace requiring autonomous ad networks to bid for ad slots on web pages in realtime. The Trading Agent Competition Ad Exchange (TAC AdX) is a new challenging competition for agents who focus on the autonomous ad trading marketplace and the competing strategies on behalf of ad networks. Specifically, agents are required to compete for adverting contracts and to fulfill them in the ad exchange. In this paper, we present our agent, namely ANL, who won the first TAC AdX, with a total profit 1.592 times that of the runner up. We further propose a more adaptive and active agent, called AdvANL, which performs even better than ANL in our simulated competition environment.


This study examined the photostimulated luminescence (PSL) detection method suggested by the Korean Food and Drug Administration to assess whether the method can be used to identify irradiated spices in restructured pork patties, which served as a model system for processed meat products. Red and black pepper powders were irradiated at 0, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 kGy, and pork patties were formulated with the spice at irradiated pepper concentrations of 0.1% and 0.5%. PSL was then used to estimate amounts of light derived from the spice itself and pork patties. The results of PSL analysis showed that red and black pepper powders were determined as positive and presumptive positive, respectively, when irradiated at more than 7.5 kGy. However, when used in pork patties, all samples were negative for irradiation. Thus, PSL may not be useful in detecting irradiated ingredients used in processed meat products.


Observation of delamination frost heave is of significance in the study of foundation frost damage. There are three main methods of observing delamination frost heave: single frost-heave ruler method, spliced frost-heave ruler method and magnetic-loop method. They are briefly introduced in this paper at first. Then, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed respectively. The key problems of the single ruler method and their solutions are pointed out. And then, according to the mechanism of frost heave and the law of water migration and ice forming in the freezing soil, comparing surface frost heave and frost-depth brings a new approximate indirect method of observing the delamination frost heave forward. Based on the observation of three proving grounds, located in Yongji and Erlong Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia and Daqing, the applicability is analyzed from three aspects under different groundwater level and soil property in seasonal frozen area. Simultaneously, the applicability in permafrost is also verified by virtue of data from Jiangcang of Qinghai. Finally, it is pointed out that antitheses can be used only in seasonal frozen area. The method is invalidated in permafrost.


The livestock sector is one of the most important sectors in modern farming, ensuring at least 33% of the protein consumed by a person with average dietary requirements. In traditional farming sheep, goats, cows and other livestock are generally bred by inserting average amounts of food supplies into predefined containers. Main goal is maximizing milk and/or meat gains. In recent years a new concept has emerged in the realm of smart farming - Precision Livestock Farming – which aims not only increasing production and efficiency in the livestock sector, but also reducing costs and ensuring adequate feeding amounts for each separate animal. This paper describes a system using two newly emerging technologies, namely IoT and machine learning. The proposed system records the biological clocks of animals according to their daily eating patterns and then based on the recorded data estimates the feeding amount and feeding times and ensures they are according supplied with food.


The agent profession is not new to Chinese. First appearing in the Western Zhou Dynasty, agents were called "Zhi Ren" then and "Ya Ren" from the Tang Dynasty onwards. In the Ming Dynasty, a certain amount of property and a license were required if one wanted to become an agent. In the late Qing Dynasty, Mai Ban (Chinese executives working in foreign firms), also a sort of agents, began to emerge in major cities of China.


As a scientific journal, Bioelectromagnetics (BEM) serves as a publication platform for scientists, academics, engineers, and professionals, as well as fellows and students engaged in research investigations, to advance our knowledge in the interaction of electromagnetic fields and radiation with biological systems and their applications in medicine, biology, and agriculture throughout the world. The journal is dedicated to publishing independently peer‐reviewed research and review articles of the highest quality by bringing together experimental, theoretical, and medical studies in areas of specialization to interested parties anywhere around the globe. Papers submitted to BEM journal require detailed, quantitative description of exposure conditions and dosimetry, so that other laboratories could replicate results using different equipment, and the data could be compared with findings from other researchers. We wish to acknowledge our gratitude and say thanks to the referees (see below) who have contributed their expertise, talent, and time in 2019 to help review manuscripts submitted by authors for publication in our journal. We appreciate you. James Lin Editor-in-Chief


The emergent phenomena in complex oxide thin films are strongly tied to the oxygen content, which is often engineered by the oxygen partial pressure during growth. However, such oxygen control by the growth pressure is challenging to synthesize for some oxide films, which requires a subtle control of the oxygen content. A parameter of controlling the oxygen content independent of the growth pressure is desired. Here, we propose a method of controlling the oxygen content of films by engineering the substrate before the growth. The oxide substrate serves as an oxygen sponge, which provides a tunable oxygen environment ranging from oxygen-rich to oxygen-poor for the film growth, depending on the pre-substrate annealing (PSA) conditions. Using manganite as a model system, we demonstrate that this simple PSA method leads to remarkable changes in the structure and physical properties of the as-grown films. This substrate oxygen sponge effect, driven by the large oxygen concentration gradient at high temperatures, can be applied to explore not only emergent interfacial phenomena but also the growth of a variety of functional oxide thin films and nanocomposites.


Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There is a wide variability in treatment paradigm for patients with severe TBI. American College of Surgeons (ACS) level 1 trauma centers have access to 24 h neurosurgical coverage. In this study, we use the National Trauma Database (NTDB) to evaluate if ACS trauma center designation correlates with the management and outcomes of severe TBI in adults.

 Adult patients (<65 yr) with a severe isolated nonpenetrating TBI were identified in the NTDB from years 2007 to 2014. ICD-9 procedure codes were used to identify primary treatment approaches: intracranial pressure monitoring and cranial surgery. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the impact of ACS designation on procedures and patient outcomes. Patient and injury characteristics were included in the analysis.

 A total of 54 769 TBI patients were identified. Among those, 22 316 (42%) were treated at an ACS level 1 trauma center and 31 835 (58%) were treated elsewhere. Level 1 designated patients had significantly more intracranial pressure (ICP) monitors placed (12.3% vs10.8%; P < .0001) and more cranial surgeries performed (17.7% vs 15.7%; P < .0001). A greater percentage of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU; 89.9% vs 83.9%; P < .0001) and had a longer hospital stay (16.1 vs 15.2; P < .0001) at ACS level 1 trauma centers. In a regression analysis, patients at level 1 centers were associated with a 14% and 17% increased odds of obtaining a cranial surgery or ICP monitor, respectively. Patients treated at a level 1 center were associated with a 6% decrease in odds of mortality (P = .01).

 ACS level 1 designation did correlate with increased rates of neurosurgical intervention and ICU admissions. This translated into patient outcomes as those treated at level 1 facilities were associated with lower rates of mortality.


We present quantitative results of light coupling from SU8 waveguides into silicon p-n photodiodes in monolithically integrated structures. Multimode, 12 μm thick, and 20 μm wide SU8 waveguides were fabricated to overlap 40×180 μm2 photodiodes, with three different waveguide-photodiode overlap lengths. The attenuation due to leaky-mode coupling in the overlap area was then calculated from photocurrent measurements. The overlap attenuation ranged from a minimum of 2.2 dB per mm overlap length to a maximum of about 3 dB/mm, comparing favorably with reported nonpolymeric waveguide-Si photodiode attenuations.


In this paper we present a new acoustic fingerprinting system, based on pitch class histograms. The aim of acoustic fingerprinting is to generate a small representation of an audio signal that can be used to identify identical, or recognize similar, audio snippets in a large audio set. A robust fingerprinting system generates similar fingerprints for perceptually similar audio signals. A piece of music with a noise added should generate an almost identical fingerprint as the original. The new system, presented here, has some interesting features which makes it a valuable tool to manage ethnic music archives: the fingerprints are rather robust against pitch shift, tempo changes, several synthetic audio effects, and reversal of the audio. When only part of the audio is used to generate a fingerprint, the system keeps working but retrieval performance degrades.


This paper examines the production of massless fermions by the curvature of asymptotically flat 1+1 dimensional space-times. Expectation values of the current and the energy-momentum tensor in the incoming vacuum as well as inclusive probabilities of detecting outgoing particles in given states are evaluated. Point-like curvatures give very different results according to the coordinate system in which they are static for some time. The radiation of fermion-antifermion pairs is either a steady process with a sort of thermal spectrum or a transient phenomenon accompanying the switching on and off of the curvature. The existence of outgoing states occupied with high probability is also investigated and properties of the fermionic effective action accessible to our approach are established


Objective: To determine the usefulness of the chest radiograph in reaching a clinical diagnosis in the pediatric inpatient population at a tertiary care centre in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: This was a retrospective chart review of pediatric inpatients (1 month -14 years) at Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi between April and June 2009. Radiographs ordered to assist diagnosis of disease, or as 'routine', were selected samples (n=326). For each radiograph, the clinical indication, the radiological diagnosis and the final clinical diagnosis were recorded and analyzed for frequencies and by cross-tabulation for concurrence. Results: The largest proportion of the clinical indications was the routine chest x-ray, at 39.3%. The most common diagnosis in radiology reports was 'no chest pathology' (39.9%). The second most common was 'pulmonary infection'. Almost 46.3% of the patients who had chest x-rays had no chest pathology in the clinical diagnosis. The greatest concurrence was found between the clinical indication 'fever and cough' with a radiological and clinical diagnosis of pulmonary infection (62.3% and 49.1% respectively). Conclusions: A significant proportion of the radiographs ordered for pediatric inpatients were normal and not associated with chest pathology on clinical diagnosis. Strong clinical suspicion of pulmonary infection, denoted by fever and cough, had the highest likelihood of giving the same radiological and clinical diagnosis.


The pest mite,Tyrophagus putrescentiae( Schrank),is a global distributed grain- storage mite that has potential to cause severe damage to both agriculture production and human health. So far the main strategy to control this pest mite is chemical fumigation,biological control studies with natural enemy are rarely resported. Here,we investigated the prey ability of predator mite Blattisocius dentriticus( Berlese) on T. putrescentiae in laboratory. Results indicated that,there are signigicant differences in the preference of B. dentriticus to the different stage of T. putrescentiae,the order of preference is larva egg nymph adult. The functional response of predator B. dentriticus on T. putrescentiae eggs belong to Holling's typeⅡ,the fitting formula is Na= 1. 0186 × Nt 1 + 1. 0186 × 0. 0102 × Nt,and the maximum predation is 97. 9 eggs pre day. Our results provide the basic theoretical support for the protection and utilization of B. dentriticus in the biological control of T. putrescentiae.


An IC card comprises a thermoplastic base sheet and a nonplastic substrate sheet with input/output terminals connected to at least one IC chip and projecting from the substrate surface opposie that facing the base sheet. A dummy sheet of nonplastic material similar to that of the substrate is located on the opposite side of the base sheet. The base and dummy sheets extend to the card edges and thermoplastic cover sheets are attached to the outer surfaces of the substrate and dummy sheets. The substrate cover having apertures through which terminals are exposed. The chip and connected wires may be embedded in a guard member of thermoset resin.


This paper addresses the challenge of supporting real-time vision processing on-board small autonomous vehicles. Local vision gives increased autonomous capability, but it requires substantial computing power that is difficult to provide given the severe constraints of small size and battery-powered operation. We describe a custom FPGA-based circuit board designed to support research in the development of algorithms for image-directed navigation and control. We show that the FPGA approach supports real-time vision algorithms by describing the implementation of an algorithm to construct a three-dimensional (3D) map of the environment surrounding a small mobile robot. We show that FPGAs are well suited for systems that must be flexible and deliver high levels of performance, especially in embedded settings where space and power are significant concerns.


According to the content of communication curriculum,simulation design of spread spectrum communication experimental system with Walsh plus PN Spread Spectrum and QPSK Modulation and Demodulation technology is performed.This simulation system can be applied to the teaching of undergraduate course far and wide and can obtain preferable experimental effect.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two ways of methotrexate(MTX) for the treatment of psoriasis.Methods 68 patients with psoriasis were randomly divided into two groups,oral group:MTX 2.5-5.0 mg,tab per 12 h,3 times per week;intravenous group:7.5-15.0 mg,one time every week.Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of clinical efficacy(P0.05).Adverse effects were lower and mild in the oral group.Conclusion The study indicates that two ways of treatment are effective for psoriasis,and the oral treatment has lower side effects.


To establish a rapid method for detection of Bisphenol A(BPA), colloidal gold-based immune chromatographic assay(GICA) was used. After using artificial antigen of BPA to immune Balb/C mice, monoclonal antibodies against BPA were prepared by normal hybridoma technology. The monoclonal antibody was purified by precipitation of Caprylic Acid-Ammonium Sulfate(CA-AS) and it was identified as IgG2b subtypes. Colloidal gold was prepared through the reduction of gold chloride by sodium citrate acid, UV-Vis spectrum and transmission electron microscope(TEM) were performed, the results indicated that the colloidal gold had a single 530 nm absorption peak and its particle size was about 30 nm. The colloidal gold-antibody was produced by monoclonal antibody of BPA labeled with colloidal gold. In this study, the GICA sensitivity was about 100 ng/mL and the detection time was about 10 min. The cross-reactions showed that there was no cross-reaction between test strip and BPA analogues, but had good reproducibility. This method was convenient, rapid and effective for detecting BPA, and the development of GICA was applicable for the rapid determination of BPA in the field.


In view of particle degradation problem of nonlinear target tracking,an iterative Quadrature particle filter( IQPF) target tracking algorithm was proposed based on the improved importance function. The algorithm is the basis of the Quadrature Kalman filter( QKF),the Gauss-Newton iteration method is used to make iterative processing,which can take the measurement into account by means of the iterative Quadrature Kalman filter,to make the importance function be closer to the true posterior. The computer simulation results indicate that compared with the particle filter( PF) algorithm and the Quadrature particle filter( QPF) algorithm,this algorithm has better performance in accuracy and effectively solves the particle degradation problem in nonlinear tracking.


An early ventilator or respiratory' assistor was invented by Janeway 1 in 1913. Crafoord-a thoracic surgeon reported on his "Spiropulsator" along with Anderson 2 launching the ventilator for intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV)in the intensive therapy unit. Under the guidance of Prof. Macintosh and his department at oxford anaesthetists became clinicians who best understood the ventilation and so began the anaesthetist's involvement in ICU. Guillaine-Barre syndrome, noted first by Landy in 1859 and subsequently by Guillain, Barre and Strohl in 1916, may best be described as an Acute Inflammatory' Polyradiculoneuropathy 3 with a prevalence of approximately. 1.5 per 100,000 of population. It may affect individuals of any age 4 . The disease is self-limiting, the main life threatening problem in AIP is acute respiratory- failure resulting from respiratory' muscle weakness and may need artificial ventilation. What follows is our experience of mechanical ventilation of two cases of AIP (Guillain- Barre syndrome) in the ICU of SK Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar (Kashmir).


Management of a population's effective breeding number (Ne) is crucial, because it is inversely related to genetic drift and to inbreeding. Reductions 1n Ne can irreversibly damage a population's genetic and biological potential. Recommended Nes for standard reference populations of tilapia are 390-500, and those for farm populations are 100-150. Effective breeding numbers for reference populations must be larger because the management goal is conservation genetics - preventing detrimental levels of inbreeding, preventing the loss of rare alleles and preserving heterozygosity. Effective breeding numbers for farm populations can be smaller because the management goal is to maximize productivity. Acquisition of a foundation stock is the most important aspect of management of a population's Ne, because the alleles that exist in that sample are those that determine the population's genetic and biological potential. The fecundity of tilapia can facilitate maintenance of desired Nes females produce only about 150-500 offspring per spawn, so even moderately-sized farms require hundreds of broodfish.


Objective To investigate the influence of montelukast on children with allergic purpura T cell subsets. Methods 120 cases patients with HSP were randomly divided into control group(60 cases) and observation group(60 cases), control group was treated with conventional treatment, observation group was treated on the basis of the conventional treatment, and also given montelukast sodium tablets.Collected blood samples before and after the treatment, used the fluorescence method and flow cytometry in strument detection T cell subsets content. 40 cases of normal children were choosen as healthy group. Results Compared with observation group given treatment before, observation group after used montelukast, HSP children with CD4+ cells and CD4+/ CD8+ were significantly higher(P0.05), CD8+ cells were significantly lower(P0.05). Conclusion Montelukast can regulate the function of T cell subsets and can treat HSP effectively.