The apatite mineral containing the phosphate at the Foskor Phalaborwa operation is recovered via a flotation process. The phosphate concentrate is recovered in the flotation froth, which comprises a fine particle slurry containing entrained air. Depending on the percentage of contained air – the froth volume factor (FVF) – in the slurry, this tends to create unfavourable pumping conditions when using conventional slurry pumps. This presence of air within the froth poses specific problems for a typical centrifugal slurry pump, one being the effect of raising the apparent vapour pressure of the mixture. This may create the expectation that cavitation could be a contributing factor to poor pumping performance. On the contrary, rather than the collapse of the vapour pockets (which is what cavitation implies), the entrained air bubbles actually expand rapidly in areas of low pressure within the pump to decrease both head and efficiency. This dictates the need for a froth pump with good suction performance (low net positive suction head required – NPSHr) to prevent poor froth pumping performance (Bootle, 2009). In high FVF conditions (typically known as medium to tenacious froth), there is the real possibility of air separation from the liquid, which can contribute to air binding within the eye of the impeller and the subsequent loss of efficient froth transfer. The typical consequence is that conventional sumps are prone to overflowing, leading to spillage and loss of valuable concentrate. Based on the proven Warman AHTM series horizontal slurry pumps, the technologically improved Warman AHFTM froth pumps can be considered as a significant advancement in the efficient handling of air-entrained froth slurries. By custom designing the unique AHFTM froth hopper specifically for the required froth transfer duty, a more stable operation can be achieved. At the Foskor U-Bank Flotation Plant Upgrade Project, the Warman AHFTM pumps complete with the compatible AHFTM froth hoppers have been installed as a means of ensuring optimum froth transfer efficiencies.


Improper physical development is influenced by both endogenous and exogenous factors. The family plays a very specific role, because it presents a potential of healthy physical development in terms of biological and social influence. The objective of the research was to find a relation between the body mass indexes (BMI ) of parents and their children. The research sample involved pupils of the sixth (n-152) grade of elementary schools, second grade students of higher secondary schools (n-147) and their parents from three regions of Slovakia. The results of correlation analysis proved significant relations between parent-child BMI in all age groups, except for 12-year old girls, more significantly between parents and their sons. The results of multiple correlation analysis proved that the BMI variability in children is significantly determined by the variability of monitored parameters of both parents with certain sex-based differences, closer in sons (p<0.01) than in daughters (p<0.05).


The proposal is for a protein composition intended for use as a cheese substitute and obtainable by (a) dewatering fermented, sour or acidified milk or corresponding milk products, (b) adding flavourings and/or colourings and also, optionally, further food additives to the dried composition thus obtained, and (c) allowing the resulting mixture to swell with water or steam.


The tangent manifold TM of a smooth i.e. C 1 ; paracompact manifold M, flbered over M by the natural projection ?, carries an integrable distribution Ker?⁄, called vertical distribution. If one takes a supplementary distribution of it, called horizontal, an almost product structure P on TM appears. One endows the vertical distribution with a Riemannian metric g. Then g can be prolonged to a Riemannian metric G on TM in such a way that the pair (P;G) becomes a Riemannian almost product structure. In this paper we propose a deformation of P suggested the almost complex case, [1]. This produces six new Riemannian almost product structures. Some properties of these structures are pointed out. The particular case when g is the vertical lift of a Riemannian metric on M is considered. MSC2000 : 53 C 15


A program is economically efficient if its monetary benefits outweigh its monetary costs. Discussions of the economic efficiency of correctional intervention and other crime and offender prevention programs can be very persuasive and have gained wide appeal in political, policy, and academic settings. However, little is known about the economic efficiency of crime prevention strategies. This article examines the contribution, both methodological and empirical, of cost-benefit analyses of correctional intervention programs designed to reduce reoffending in the community. A review of the literature revealed only seven published studies that have presented information on monetary costs and benefits. Future cost-benefit research on correctional intervention should be concerned with standardizing the measurement of costs and benefits, especially in well-designed studies comparing experimental and control groups with before and after measures of offending. A standard list of monetary costs and benefits that should be measured in all studies is needed.


Yesterday (14 December 2012) the Yorkshire Ambulance Service received an unprecedented number of calls for emergency assistance across Yorkshire and the ...


We continue the study of discrete anisotropic equations and we will provide new multiplicity results of the solutions for a discrete anisotropic equation. We investigate the existence of infinitely many solutions for a perturbed discrete anisotropic boundary value problem. The approach is based on variational methods and critical point theory.


Although Massive Open Online Courses have the potential to reach a much broader audience and offer a lower cost education than traditional in-person classes, they have struggled with low completion rates and low diversity amongst those enrolled and completing the courses. In 2015, we built a series of online courses in computing with the specific goal of attracting and retaining students from groups underrepresented in computing. In our design, we incorporated a number of features aimed at improving the inclusive nature of the courses including: a project-centered course design; an online version of Peer Instruction ConceptTests; videos where students, faculty, and professionals report their struggles when they first learned computing concepts; videos by professional software engineers explaining how computing concepts from the course are used in industry; and videos aimed at providing additional support on the project to students who might be struggling. In this work, we report on the design of the courses and examine how successful our courses were at attracting and retaining women students. We find that compared to other computing courses offered by our institution on the same platform, our courses have: a higher percentage of women enrollment, higher rates of course completion for both men and women, and a slightly smaller gap between completion rates for men and women.


This paper examines the ways in which Amitav Ghosh's The Shadow Lines portrays the lives of its main characters in terms of ethics and freedom in the aftermath of the partition of India in 1947 and the partition of Pakistan in 1971. Instead of focusing on the binary opposition between nationalism and cosmopolitanism, this research aims to redefine the notion of them, thus raising the need for a new concept of ethics against the background of the historical events in India. By comparing the main characters' ethical practices in the postcolonial context, the paper shows how cosmopolitanism based on alternative imagination and ethical life can contribute to bringing about the possibility of reconciliation and solidarity between the first world and the third world.


Vascularization has a main role in flap survival as it to keep the viability of the flap. Blood
was delivered to the tip of flap by interconnecting subdermal plexus. In the viability of
flap context, angiogenesis process is needed to maintain vascular blood supply because
some pre-existing vessel was interrupted by elevation of cutaneous flap. In this study
we examined Hyperbaric
Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) to increase oxygen levels in the rats
microvascular circulation, thereby reducing the area of necrotic flap ultimately improve
survival. HBOT can also increase the effectiveness of angiogenic factors, particularly VEGF
in angiogenesis in the flap, so that the flap survival can be improved


tive computation. Edited by M. A. Arbib and A. R. Hanson, pp. I65-82. Cambridge: MIT Press. STEINBRING, J., AND M. P. LANTEIGNE. I990. Comment on: Methodology in the analysis and interpretation fUpper Palaeolithic image: Theory versus contextual analysis, by A. Marshack. Rock Art Research 7:57-59. THEISLER, C. W. I990. Migraine headache disease: Diagnostic and management strategies. Gathersburg: Aspen. TYLER, C. W. I978. Some new entoptic phenomena. Vision Research I8:I633-39. WALKER, J. I98I. About phosphenes: Luminous patterns that appear when the eyes are closed. Scientific American


This paper presents evaluation results of a computational algorithm developed to simulate the random depolymerization process of a linear polymer having an initial distribution of molecular weights similar to polymers obtained by polycondensation of AB-type monomers, i.e., Flory-Schultz or most probable distribution. Starting from fundamental definitions of this system, as the initial values of the degree of polymerization and chain number (X no and N o , respectively) and the percentage of cleaved bonds (%E), it is confirmed that our algorithm adequately describes the random depolymerization process. Results obtained during the computational simulation indicate that the algorithm properly predicts, among other things, that the inverse of the final polymerization degree (1/X nf ) increases linearly with the applied %E while polydispersity after depolymerization (D f ) decreases linearly when the latter parameter increases.


The Effect of Work Experience, Education Level, Work Culture and Quality of Service to Patients Satisfaction in Inpatiens Unit Stella Maris Hospital Makassar. This study aimed to know(1) Work experience influence onpatients satisfaction, (2) The education level influence onpatients satisfaction, (3) Thework culture effect onpatients satisfaction, (4) Theservice quality effect on patients satisfaction,(5) Work experience, education level, work culture and influence service quality to the satisfaction of the patient sin the hospital inpatient units Stella Maris Makassar simultan eously. This research was conducted in inpatient hospital units Stella Maris Makassar on10th, 11thand 13th of January 2015.The sample ofthis study used purposive esampling about 37respondents. Quantitative research used analytical survey by distributing questionnaires to analyze the facts and data necessary to support the discussion of research. The results showed that (1) There is anegative effectandno significant work experienceto the satisfaction ofthe patients, (2) There is appositive and  no significant effect of educational level to the satisfaction ofthe patients, (3) There is apositiveand no significant influence the work culture of the patients satisfaction,(4) There is apositive and significant impact of service quality on patients satisfaction, (5) There is appositive and significant effect of variable work experience, education level, work culture and quality of service to patients satisfaction in hospital inpatient unit simultaneously Stella Maris Makassar


A man strolls down a busy market street a few days before Christmas. He seems unremarkable enough, hands in pockets, nonchalant, dressed in a black suit. He passes a small child, who suddenly cries out in horror. Or is it disgust? The child's big sister turns to see what has occurred. She screams. A group of kids on the other side of the street take note, and clutch each other in disbelief: are they laughing, are they afraid, are they disgusted, or all of these things at once? Adults begin to take notice, too, a crowd forms, blocking the man's path. He stops, turns, seems unsure what to do. He is surrounded. What will happen? And then, slowly, he begins to dance, steps to the left, steps to the right. Lifts his left leg into the air, lowers it, then his right leg, and whilst it stays positioned at the horizontal, his middle leg begins to rise as well. He begins to spin on his left leg, his other two flailing in the air. In a grand flourish, he crosses his legs in a complex knot, all three of them intertwined. The audience, roaring with laughter, applauds and pushes forwards to toss coins into the man's hat that he has left on the ground. And Christmas continues. The three-legged man is a traditional and often used routine in the clown's repertoire. The above anecdote is a slightly idealised account of my own early experiments in Barcelona and Arkhangelsk in 2005–6 with Clown Prosthetics and Amputations (Davison 2006), which included, as well as the three-legged dance, a song with telescopic arms, a rant by a bodiless head, a keyboard piece by Stravinsky for 11 fingers, and others. Clown history gives us an endless list of examples. In the category of prosthetics we have: the circus entrée where the clown finds that there are two too many feet sticking out of the end of his bed (Rémy 1962: 78–80); Chaplin, in Limelight, reprises the routine where his legs keep shrinking and growing (Chaplin 1952); and Steve Martin's The Great Flydini who pulls assorted objects out of his flies, having one arm inside his costume to control and feed the objects out, and a false arm hanging at his side (Martin 1974). Amputations would include: Laurel and Hardy's Block-Heads, where Ollie mistakenly thinks Stan has lost a leg which is simply tucked under him as he sits (Laurel and Hardy 1938); Rik Mayall and Ade Edmonson's chopping off prisoners' legs in The Dangerous Brothers (Edmonson and Mayall 1991), and Ade losing his head out of a train window, then using it as a football in The Young Ones (Edmondson and Mayall 2004); or the long tradition of circus clown guillotine sketches (Webber 1996: 54–5). As well as adding or subtracting, we can also re-arrange external members and internal organs: Hanswurst moves Mockinpott's heart from his bum to its proper location (Weiss 1968); The Goodies had reversed feet (Goodies 1970); and Harry Hill first uses a false arm to leave his real arm free to manipulate his puppet, and then, in order to use two puppets, switches the false arm to the wrong side of his body and, finally, removes his dummy's head and puts a tennis racquet in its place before turning the racquet Clown Prosthetics and Amputations


Objective
To investigate the incidence of cholelithiasis after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(LRYGB) for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity.

Methods
The clinical data of 89 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent LRYGB at the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University from March 2011 to March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-six patients without postoperative gallstone and sludge were divided into the normal group and 23 with postoperative gallstone or sludge into the gallstone group. The waistline, hipline, body weight, body mass index(BMI), excess weight loss (EWL), fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2-hour blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), serum total bile acid at postoperative month 6, 12, 24 were analyzed. The patients were followed up by inpatient, outpatient examination and telephone interview till April 2015. Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as ±s, comparison between groups and repeated measures data were analyzed using the t test and repeated measures ANOVA, respectively. Count data were analyzed by the chi-square test.

Results
All the 89 patients underwent successful LRYGB and were followed up for 31 months (range, 24-48 months). The EWL, HbAlc and serum total bile acid at postoperative month 6, 12, 24 were 113%±43%, 117%±64%, 119%±84% and 6.1%±0.8%, 6.2%±1.1%, 6.4%±1.0% and (4.6±3.8)μmol/L, (4.5±3.6)μmol/L, (4.6±3.8)μmol/L in the normal group and 157%±96%, 152%±102%, 151%±93% and 5.9%±0.8%, 5.8%±0.6%, 5.9%±0.8% and (23.9±9.0)μmol/L, (11.8±7.3)μmol/L, (10.5±9.6)μmol/L in the gallstone group, respectively, showing significant differences in changing trend between the 2 groups (F=6.896, 5.226, 5.351, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the EWL at postoperative month 6, 12, 24 between the 2 groups (t=2.814, 2.628, 2.099, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the HbAlc at postoperative month 12 and serum total bile acid at postoperative month 6, 24 between the 2 groups (t=2.018, -1.378, -1.990, P<0.05).

Conclusion
There is incidence risk of cholelithiasis after LRYGB in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The rapid decreasing of weight is associated with cholelithiasis in which patients have higher level of serum bile acid.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Obesity; Cholelithiasis; Gastric bypass; Laparoscopy


The communications and data handling system of the HST are described in detail. Consideration is given to observation scheduling, commanding, telemetry, scientific data collection, spacecraft data handling systems, and the use of the TDRSS and NASCOM data network. The science instruments control and data handling subsystem is presented in schematic form.


Aim. Study of pathological changes in the inner ear in the modeling of sensorineural hearing loss in laboratory animals.Materials and methods. A pilot study involving 27 laboratory animals − white outbred rats – was conducted. Modeling of sensorineural hearing loss was conducted by exposing them for 10 days to broadband noise of 90 dB, vibration and simultaneous immobilization of laboratory animals divided into 3 groups according to exposure conditions. The development of hearing loss was confirmed by the results of the registration of delayed caused emissions and emissions at the frequency of distortion products. After removing rats from the experiment histological medication from animals cochlear was produced and they were studied by the method of light microscopy.Results. In animals exposed to noise and vibration effects on the background of immobilization, the formation of persistent sensorineural hearing loss was achieved, which was confirmed by objective registration of violations of auditory function, and also by the results of morphological study of cochlear of the temporal bones of animals. More pronounced histological changes were noted in animals exposed to noise and vibration on the background of immobilization compared with the group of rats which were exposed only to noise impact and immobilization without applying vibration. Dystrophic and destructive changes in the structures of the spiral organ, signs of apoptotic way of cell death in the inner ear were detected. In addition, pronounced changes occurred in the spiral ganglia.Conclusion. Modeling of sensorineural hearing loss in laboratory animals on the basis of noise and vibration exposure in terms of immobilization leads to the formation of persistent sensorineural hearing loss, as evidenced by functional and morphological methods. Pathological changes in the inner ear show themselves through dystrophic and destructive changes in the spiral organ, including apoptosis of cells, and especially in the spiral ganglia. The use of this noise-vibration model of hearing loss can be a promising basis for future studies of drugs for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.


This study is based upon 1,172 echoencephalograms made on patients ranging in age from premature newborns to adults which were approximately equally divided between males and females. All cases referred for study have been included so that there has been no attempt at selection. The interpretation was made at the time of the clinical study without knowledge of the final diagnosis (Table 1). A 10-mm. crystal transducer driven by a 3.85-megacycle generator was used to obtain the echoencephalographic records. The pulses were displayed upon the face of the cathode ray screen of a Japan Radio echoencephalograph. Routinely, the transducer was placed approximately 2 to 5 cm. above and 1 cm. anterior to the external acoustic meatus, but adjacent points were surveyed if the reflections were not good. After identifying the echo from the midline, pulses about halfway between this echo and that from the opposite inner table of the skull were sought. These might represent reflections from the lateral wall of the body of the ventricle, from the lateral wall of the temporal horn or from the Sylvian complex (Fig. 1) .


Second Session: Shortly before the adjournment of the second session of the ICAO Council, a resolution was unanimously adopted accepting for the permanent organization the responsibilities imposed upon the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization under the International Agreement on North Atlantic Ocean Weather Stations concluded in London on September 25, 1946. The Council also approved the sending of a technical mission in answer to Iceland's request for financial aid, and authorized the Secretary General (Roper) to assume certain responsibilities for the premises of the International Commission for Air Navigation and for the distribution of its assets. The Council ended its second session on December 12, 1947.


Current and future markets points to a growing need to reuse the existing inputs, as well as transform the rejects from a process as a raw material to another process. This productive route in addition to minimize or eliminate environmental liabilities enables a greater profit, because it eliminates cost the of transportation, disposal and neutralization of waste, minimizing the environmental and social impact and leading raw materials costs to more competitive levels. In this context, the heavy ash of coal that is a byproduct originated of coal combustion in thermo-electric plants presents itself as a raw material for the glass industry. This happens because of their physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics that are compatible with various raw materials used in the glass industry, indicating a possibility of full or partial replacement of these inputs to the production of vitreous materials and glass-ceramic. This study has its focus centered on the development of formulation to the production of glass-ceramic materials based on heavy ash of coal generated in Thermo-electric Plants as raw material of low cost and high added value. To merge the vitreous masses, was performed a complementary study using the Vogel-FucherTammam equation, relating the components of each formulation with the objective of obtaining an algorithm that relates the composition of the sample to the temperature prediction of thermo-physics phenomena, crystallization, formation of a half ball, softening and melting. For this study, it was used an experimental planning {3.3}, resulting in ten formulations of the three components, heavy ash and two fluxes (Na2O and LiO2), in a delineation of mixtures that allowed the generation and analysis of response surfaces diagrams related to thermal phenomena linked to the formation of glass and glass-ceramic obtained in this study. It was also created a mathematical model from a logistic curve with the goal of predicting the melting temperature of the material without the need for thermal analyses. The glass-ceramic generated was also evaluated through quantification of crystalline phases by x-ray diffraction that pointed to the emergence of eucriptita and nepheline as majority phases.


This work evaluates and selects the best sequence of operations for the pretreatment of greenhouse agricultural wastes (GAW) derived from the main greenhouse crops of the west of Almeria (Spain), such as tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, eggplants, zucchinis, watermelons and melons, before recovering its potential energy in a cement plant located in this province. In this research, a set of operations are proposed to reduce the chlorine percentage and the moisture content presented in this kind of waste, for its use as an alternative fuel in this production facilities. A washing of the waste under optimal conditions may reduce the chlorine content by approximately 50.0% of the original value and increase the lower calorific value by 8.0%. Drying the waste with a hot gas stream could produce a recoverable waste with a moisture content lower than 3.0%, which enables its temporary storage while avoiding its degradation. The use of an adequate amount of conditioned GAW can provide a substitute up to 51% of the co...


Context . The origin of the fossil magnetic fields detected in 5 to 10% of intermediate-mass main sequence stars is still highly debated. Aims . We want to bring observational constraints to a large population of intermediate-mass pre-main sequence (PMS) stars in order to test the theory that convective-dynamo fields generated during the PMS phases of stellar evolution can occasionally relax into fossil fields on the main sequence. Methods . Using distance estimations, photometric measurements, and spectropolarimetric data from HARPSpol and ESPaDOnS of 38 intermediate-mass PMS stars, we determined fundamental stellar parameters ( T e ff , L and v sin i ) and measured surface magnetic field characteristics (including detection limits for non-detections, and longitudinal fields and basic topologies for positive detections). Using PMS evolutionary models, we determined the mass, radius, and internal structure of these stars. We compared di ff erent PMS models to check that our determinations were not model-dependant. We then compared the magnetic characteristics of our sample accounting for their stellar parameters and internal structures. Results . We detect magnetic fields in about half of our sample. About 90% of the magnetic stars have outer convective envelopes larger than ∼ 25% of the stellar radii, and heavier than ∼ 2% of the stellar mass. Going to higher mass, we find that the magnetic incidence in intermediate-mass stars drops very quickly, within a timescale on the order of few times 0.1Myr. Finally, we propose that intermediate-mass T Tauri stars with large convective envelopes, close to the fully convective limit, have complex fields and that their dipole component strengths may decrease as the sizes of their convective envelopes decrease, similar to lower-mass T Tauri stars.


Abstract Due to complexity of agricultural and forest products, the mathematical model coefficients are often dubious, as experimental determination of their values leads to erroneous results. To solve this problem an inverse finite element analysis software was developed to identify coefficient values of the heat and mass transport model and to predict and visualize the processes. The model reflected 3D structure of investigated systems comprising the heat conduction and moisture diffusion in heterogeneous, anisotropic, and irregularly shaped products represented by wood and cereal grain kernels. Test cases used to validate the software covered identification of the thermal conductivity, convective heat transfer coefficient, diffusion coefficient, equilibrium moisture content, and convective mass transfer coefficient in pine and beech wood, and also in corn. Implementation of the proposed optimization algorithm and improvement of the software functionality resulted in more effective and accurate identification of the coefficient values, demonstrated by increased accuracy and reliability of predicting the heat conduction and water diffusion processes.


In order to carry out simulation based design of an intelligent surveillance robot, computer aided engineering tools have been employed such as ProEngineer, ADAMS and NASTRAN. First, 3D CAD modeler, ProEngineer has been utilized to create geometric model of all the part of the intelligent surveillance robot. Interference among moving parts has been investigated to insure the mobility of the robot for the desired design specification. 3D CAD model has been converted into the model for multi body dynamic analysis tool ADAMS simulation. A firing has been carried out to select optimum stiffness of the recoil springs. Reaction forces while the firing of M60 has been also obtained. To verify the stability of the housing of the intelligent surveillance robot under the reaction force, structural analysis also has been carried out using NASTRAN. According to the result of the von-mises stress under the maximum reaction force, the housing design has been validated for improve structural safety.


Cartoonist Robert Crumb's work echoes confessional poetry. Crumb, John Berryman, and Sylvia Plath metaphorically adopt the personae of oppressed minority figures. Along with this identification with the oppressed other, Crumb and Plath exhibit a curious and disquieting relationship with power and oppression


Purpose of the study: This study aims to identify the effects of WhatsApp in teaching narrative writing to Grade 6of primary school pupils in the aspect of vocabulary and grammar.
Methodology: Eight pupils of Grade 6 from one primary school in Negeri Sembilan were involved and data were collected through document analysis, focus group interviews and field notes.
Main Findings: The findings of the post-test revealed that the vocabulary aspect has significantly improved as 75% of the participants showed an increase of one and two marks while the aspect of grammar was not found to have any effect as only one participant who represented 12% of the participants showed slight improvement from 12 to 13 marks.
Applications of this study: The findings of this study are hoped to shed some light on how the educators could manipulate the functions of mobile messaging apps in teaching English particularly the skill of writing.
Novelty/Originality of study: The pupils' motivation to learn narrative writing could be enhanced through the use of WhatsApp rather than writing conventionally using pencil and paper.


Growing evidence indicates sex and gender differences exist in substance use. Framed by a lifecourse perspective, we explored prospectively by sex the effects of distal and proximal factors on the initiation of drug use in college.


Photoluminescence spectra and decay times have been measured in liquid‐phase epitaxial GaAs:Sn as functions of temperature (T = 4.2–300 K) and carrier concentration (n = 6×1016–2×1018 cm−3). High‐temperature, deep‐level (DL) spectra are identified with conduction‐band‐to‐deep‐acceptor transitions and are analyzed in terms of a theory which incorporates both coupling to lattice vibrations and the distribution of initial electronic states. Parameters obtained from a configuration‐coordinate model are in reasonable agreement with those derived from low T and decay time measurements. Shifts in the DL spectra with carrier concentration are attributed to band filling and impurity banding.


and decisions in the cases are clearly and concisely presented. In addition, a short series of discussion questions follows each case. Because the cases were based on arbitrators' decisions, they reflect mainly questionable actions on the part of supervisors who were functioning within the framework of collective agreements. The collection illustrates a considerable number of issues which arose in the direction and supervision of work groups. Moreover, it shows how a number of arbitrators have obtained and weighed evidence in examining such cases and on what lines of reasoning they have decided the issues. A review of the cases from this point of view can be instructive. The focus of this collection is not on policy formation, nor on programming in the field of personnel administration. The cases do not emphasize the business manager's general task of organizing, training, 1-otivating, and directing the people whom he employs as collaborators in production. Nor does the collection emphasize the fundamental task of the manager to deal positively, continuously, and comprehensively with these problems in terms of specific objectives, procedures, aids, and safeguards to insure hiigh levels of productivity per manhour and a high degree of satisfaction on the part of the members of his work group. An able instructor, however, can use the collection as indicating a need for these positive measures, and this reviewer believes that a course in personnel administration should deal mainly with them. Since with few exceptions, each case includes the arbitrator's decision, it does not require the student to analyze the stated facts and arguments, and then clarify the issues, decide them, and support his decision. The cases are presented with their conclusions. This reviewer believes that this reduces the value of the volume as a means for stimulating students to analyze, judge, and devise remedies for faulty situations in this field. Generally speaking, the questions which follow the cases are challenging in character. Their serious consideration and discussion by students of business administration and industrial relations will be a beneficial educational experience. JOHN W. RIEGEL Director Bureau of Industrial Relations University of Michigan


Starting with the basic plasma kinetic equations correct to second order in the plasma parameter, general formulas for cyclotron and bremsstrahlung emission and absorption are derived. The theory provides a rigorous description of the interaction of plasma and radiation. At equilibrium, Kirchhoff's law is recovered and the theory reduces to previously derived results.


We proved the existence of a universal flexo-antiferrodistortive coupling as a necessary complement to the well-known flexoelectric coupling. The coupling is universal for all antiferrodistortive systems and can lead to the formation of incommensurate, spatially-modulated phases in multiferroics. Our analysis can provide a self-consistent mesoscopic explanation for a broad range of modulated domain structures observed experimentally in multiferroics.


Introduction In 2010, in a context of severe economic recession, the Basque Government launched the Strategy to tackle the challenge of chronicity in the Basque Country to transform the Basque health system to cope with the challenges of chronicity, ageing, health system fragmentation and sustainability in the long run. Methods A realist evaluation has been conducted, and through a combination of research methods, information has been analysed to identify context, mechanisms and outcomes. The research provides a snapshot of the experience of a system-wide, complex health system transformation, which aims to identify 'what has worked, for whom and under what circumstances'. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews held between June 2015 and December 2016, allowed us to obtain both retrospective and real-time accounts on the transformation phenomenon. Results Research pointed out that system-wide transformation requires time, effort, leadership, vision and narrative, as well as commitment, inclusiveness, collaborative decision-making processes with local implementers, 'muddling through' and constant learning. Key levers to shake and shift the health and social care systems towards closer alignment, coordination and integration to meet the needs of people include promoting collaborative relationships between health professionals to ensure care continuity, developing new staff roles, investing in integrated electronic health records, stratifying the population by risk and facilitating bottom-up innovation. Discussion Research has shown that system-wide changes in health and social care have been viable in the Basque Health System, although the interplay between context, mechanisms and outcomes is more complex than expected, leading to many unexpected factors, patterns and relationships.


Exposure to thyroxine in the ambient water significantly lowered the preferred temperatures of two fish species. Acute exposure to thyroxine at a concentration of 20 μg/L of water lowered the preferred temperature by approximately 2 °C, while chronic exposure to the same concentration for 14 days prior to testing lowered the preferred temperature by as much as 10 °C. Chronic exposure for 14 days to thiourea (0.33 g/L), a thyroxine antagonist, raised the preferred temperature by 2.6 °C. These results suggest a role of thyroid hormones in thermoregulatory behavior of ectothermic vertebrates.


Background: Generic drugs are relatively cheap and equally effective as branded drugs. Government of Andhra Pradesh is promoting the use of generic drugs in all the districts and planning to open generic outlets in each district. We conducted the study to assess the status of use of generic drugs in a rural cum tribal district of Andhra Pradesh India.
Materials and Methods: Case records of 200 patients analyzed retrospectively for use of generic and branded drugs. Equal cases were selected randomly from medicine, surgery, and gynecology and paediatrics departments.
Result: A total of 952 drugs were used. 37.86% were prescribed by generic name. In general medicine, general surgery, obstetric and genecology and paediatrics 39.39%, 25.5%, 46.65% and 39.91% over all generic drugs and 52.70%, 28.86, 37.71% and 25.5% generic antimicrobials were used respectively. Ranitidine, Metoclopramide, Pheniramine, Frusemide, Dicyclomine, Nifidepine, Cefixime and Ceftriaxone were 100% prescribed by all the departments with brand names. All the departments prescribed Ampicillin as generic drug only.
Conclusion: Quality controlled generic drugs are equally effective as branded drugs. We suggest that generic drugs are substitution for branded drugs which reduces over all treatment cost.


These webpages guide University of Iowa Distance Education students to library resources and services. A University of Iowa HawkID and password are required to use some resources. Making links work from off-camapus


Network researchers know that packets are not always evenly spaced, they sometimes arrive in bursts. This burstiness is also present in history. Important events sometimes occur almost simultaneously even if there is no direct relationship between them. Fifty years ago, several historical events took place within a period of a few months. In July, after years of efforts, NASA engineers successfully launched Apollo 13 and the Eagle landed on the Moon. The first footsteps of Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin have opened the era of space exploration and maybe another human will land on another planet during this century. One month later, hundreds of thousands of music fans gathered at the Woodstock festival. In parallel, a few computer scientists and engineers started to deploy prototype nodes of the ARPANET network. The first packets that they exchanged have initiated the revolution that brought the Internet and today's connected society. At that time, research in computer networks had already started and several members of this emerging community gathered in an interest group that later became ACM SIGCOMM.


We study in detail the quantum field theory of mixing among three generations of Dirac fermions (neutrinos). We construct the Hilbert space for the flavor fields and determine the generators of the mixing transformations. By use of these generators, we recover all the known parametrizations of the three flavor mixing matrix and we find a number of new ones. The algebra of the currents associated with the mixing transformations is shown to be a deformed $\mathrm{su}(3)$ algebra, when $\mathrm{CP}$ violating phases are present. We then derive the exact oscillation formulas, exhibiting new features with respect to the usual ones. $\mathrm{CP}$ and T violation are also discussed.


Introduction *Suarez on God's Causal Involvement in Sinful Acts - Alfred J. Freddoso*Descartes's Theodicy of Error - Michael J. Latzer*Spinoza: A Radical Protestant? - Graeme Hunter*Spinoza in the Garden of Good and Evil - Steven M. Nadler*Malebranche on Disorder and Physical Evil: Manichaeism or Philosophical Courage? - Denis Moreau*Bayle on the Moral Problem of Evil - D. Anthony Larivere and Thomas M. Lennon*Leibniz and the 'Disciples of Saint Augustine' on the Fate of Infants Who Die Unbaptized - Elmar J. Kremer*Leibniz and the Stoics: The Consolations of Theodicy - Donald Rutherford*Remarks on Leibniz's Treatment of the Problem of Evil - Robert C. Sleigh, Jr.


Diabetes (DM) is a pervasive disease associated with increased risk of cardiac arrest (CA) and worse survival. Diabetics display abrogation of post arrest therapies. Ischemic post-conditioning (IPoC) has been shown to improve outcomes in young healthy swine, but never in a DM model. We hypothesized that IPoC would be beneficial for survival of non-DM rats after asphyxial CA and that this benefit would be abrogated in DM. Male Wistar rats were utilized, 12 of 23 underwent induction of DM with injection of streptozotocin (30mg/kg) IP and feeding of western diet for 12 weeks. Rats were intubated, mechanically ventilated, and anesthetized with isoflurane. A non-invasive flow probe was placed on a carotid artery. An internal jugular vein and femoral artery and vein were cannulated. Electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and arterial blood gas were analyzed. Asphyxial CA, induced by rocuronium and cessation of ventilation, proceeded for 7 min. CPR was initiated utilizing an automated chest compressor at a rate of 200/min. Animals were randomly assigned to standard CPR (S-CPR) or IPoC. IPoC was initiated 40 seconds into CPR with a 20 sec pause followed by 20 sec of compressions, 1 cycle. This cycling was performed 4 total times after which S-CPR was continued. Defibrillation and epinephrine were given, as necessary. Data were collected every 40 sec during CPR and at 15 min, 1 and 2 hr after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Data were analyzed using ANOVA with pairwise comparisons. Significance set at p <.05. Non-DM rats displayed high rates of ROSC in both S-CPR, and IPoC groups, 100% (5 of 5) and 83% (5 of 6) respectively. DM S-CPR rats had a reduced ROSC rate at 14% (1 of 7) which improved to 80% (4 of 5) with IPoC. There were no significant differences between DM S-CPR and IPoC groups during CPR. Only DM rats required defibrillations. DM rats had a significantly longer time to ROSC, higher epinephrine requirement, lower nadir pH, and lower carotid blood flow at end experiment. There was no difference in any marker between non-DM S-CPR and IPoC groups after ROSC. DM was associated with increased injury from CA. IPoC was not harmful to non-DMs but improved ROSC rate and thus survival in DM rats. This is a novel demonstration of IPoC utility in a historically conditioning resistant group.


Past studies have noted that black students' classroom behavior is rated more favorably by black teachers than by white teachers. This pattern could be a function of white teachers' bias—rating black students more harshly than they deserve—or black students' misbehavior—acting out more when placed with white teachers versus black teachers. If explanations emphasizing black students' misbehavior (oppositional culture) are accurate, matching effects should be more substantial among adolescents than among young children. To assess this possibility, the authors estimated matching effects among kindergartners in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 and eighth graders from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988. They found that the effects of matching are comparable across both kindergartners and adolescents, a pattern that is more readily understood from the position of white teachers' bias than from that of oppositional culture.


In order to solve the traditional wound rotor induction motor speed control low efficiency,narrow, low power factor shortcomings, proposes a doubly-fed wound rotor induction motor speed control system, this system is applied SVPWM control technology, through dual PWM converter to control the rotor circuit, the article designed the voltage and current double closed-loop control strategy, but also to establish a double-fed motor run-time mathematical model of the rotational speed, the rotor current double closed-loop control strategy. Test results show that this system is effective and feasible.


Medical monitor reading (150) indicative of age with readings are displayed together. The intensity (210-240) reading value changes, the color (310-340) of the readings, the next reading index (400), the shape of the background (600-700) or the icon (FIG. 6-11) indicated that age presents readings to change the displayed reading.


in this paper, a simple and small dimension circular corrugated horn antenna at C-band frequency with high gain performance is designed. This antenna is designed for ESM (Electronic Support Measure) application with antenna dimensions is 43 x 155 mm using copper as the antenna material. The circular corrugated horn antenna is designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio Suite software. The simulation shows results with gain 15.91 dBi, bandwidth 4.3 GHz and linear vertical polarization. This antenna has beamwidth of 45.7° at H-field and 38.9° at E-field.


Studies on climate change in the Sahel mainly concerns precipitations. However, these precipitations are not very representative of the permanent local conditions because they are concentrated during a part of the year (rainy season) and only during a few tens of days. On the contrary, the days without wind are rare. The aim of this study is thus to know if the climate change can be appraised by an analysis of wind parameters. The study concerns the meteorological station of MaïnéSoroa (Eastern Niger) between 1950 and 1989. It relates to the high frequency chronicle (3 measurements each day at 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00) of the speed and direction of the wind and the horizontal visibility related to the dust transported by the wind. The variations of speed and direction show the well-known major change during the period 1967-1972 as well as the strong anomalies, arid (1984-1986) and wet (1951-1954). Since 1969, we also observe a very important reduction in the horizontal visibility. CENTRE INTERNATIONAL POUR LA FORMATION ET LES ECHANGES EN GEOSCIENCES INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR TRAINING AND EXCHANGES IN THE GEOSCIENCES N° 47/48 – Juin/Décembre 2010


Redundant Binary Signed Digit Adder and Multiplier circuits are logic circuits and designed to perform high-speed arithmetic operations. RBSD Number System is not convenient for manual computations but useful in designing high-speed arithmetic machines. It is gaining popularity in computationally intensive environments due to possessing of the carry-free addition/subtraction properties. In RBSD number system carry propagation chains are eliminated which reduces the computational time substantially, thus enhancing the speed of the machine.


Subject
 Mexican fintech growth.

 Significance
 Mexico's fintech ecosystem is expanding rapidly despite the problems of slow growth and investor uncertainty weighing on the overall economy. Mexico is now Latin America's leading fintech nation, its regulatory framework receiving international praise.

 Impacts
 Fintech firms will play an increasingly important role in the government's financial inclusion efforts.
 The fintech sector will create thousands of quality jobs and contribute to growing entrepreneurship in Mexico.
 The innovation-driven sector will give young people and women increasing possibilities of holding high-level executive positions.


Measurement of dielectric permittivity of soil has been studied by many researchers. However, few studies have been conducted on contaminated soil. The motivation of the present study is to investigate the behavior of sandy soil contaminated by lubricant oil at microwave frequency. Two different artificially prepared soil samples are measured in the laboratory. The measurement of the complex permittivity of soil samples is reported in the frequency range 500 MHz – 4 GHz using open-ended coaxial probe technique. Measurements are carried out using a dielectric assessment system associated with an automatic network analyzer and a dielectric probe connected to a computer. The experimental set up is described and the system response is obtained. It is observed that the complex permittivity of the soil is associated with the contamination. The measurement results show that the change in the dielectric loss of dry sand before and after lubricant oil contamination is quite significant. Measuring these dielectric contrasts provide a basis for using ground-penetrating radar or other high-frequency electromagnetic sensors in the detection of soil contamination.


The extent to which income determines access and utilization of health services indicates the extent to which market forces affect the distribution of health care and the health inequalities that arise as a result of it. This paper uses 1996 data from Eurobarometer 44 with information on utilization of 17 different health services in Greece to investigate the effect of income on utilization. These services included 11 offered to the general population and six to women: doctor contact, hospital stay, eye test, heart check-up, blood test, cancer test, x-ray test, cholesterol test, hearing test, urine test, test for diabetes, mammography, breast examination by hand, gynecological examination, ovary examination, pap smear test, and osteoporosis examination. Income was found to significantly affect utilization in 13 out of the 17 services. Income elasticities of utilization are found to be highest in women's health services.


The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of tropical infections, such as river blindness, hookworm, lymphatic filariasis, leishmaniasis, and trachoma, which represent some of humankind's most ancient scourges and possibly our greatest global health disparities. Largely confined to the unseen rural areas of the developing world, the NTDs were for centuries the forgotten diseases of forgotten people [1]. They are chronic, disabling, and often stigmatizing conditions, and their poverty-promoting features provide a genuine reason why parts of Africa, Asia, and the tropical regions of the Americas cannot escape their low-income status.


It is a significant challenge to support high data rate services at high mobile speeds. In this paper, an efficient diversity-exploiting user resource structure, namely evolving-type resource structure, for fast time-varying frequency-selective fading channel environments is designed. This newly proposed resource structure enjoys the advantages of both band-type and interleaved-type structures and avoids their disadvantages by exploiting both the multiuser diversity and the frequency diversity under fast time-varying channels. Simulation results corroborate the performance improvement of the new resource structure over the existing ones under various mobility scenarios.


The forcible protection of one states' own nationals on another state's territory is
one which stretches the boundaries of the broader, inherent right of self-defence
available to states under international law. Known as the 'protection of nationals
abroad' this doctrine is the one that remains at best, highly controversial. This
article examines the lawfulness of action taken by British forces when they
rescued and evacuated British nationals prior to Libya descending into civil
war. It also considers the extent to which action by British forces fits within the
highly controversial paradigm of 'protection of nationals abroad'. This article
suggests that the paradigm operates along a continuum. Certain instances of
forcible protection are clearly unlawful yet are 'tolerated' by the international
community. Meanwhile other means of forcible protection are both unlawful and
intolerable.


13C n.m.r. spectra have been measured for thirty-two polychloroalkenes including (i) monosubstituted compounds CH2CHCClnH2−nX, where X stands for H, Cl, alkyl, and trisubstituted alkenes CCl2CHAlk, none of which form geometric isomers; (ii) disubstituted compounds RCHCHR′; (iii) and (iv) trisubstituted compounds of the types RCClCHR′ and CHClCClR, respectively. Compounds (ii) to (iv) represent either individual isomers or mixtures of the Z and E forms. In the case of compounds (ii) and (iii), the ordering of chemical shifts is δE > δZ for the sp2-carbon atoms and δE < δz for the adjacent tetrahedral ones. On the contrary, the signals of the sp2-carbon atoms of compounds (iv) obey the rule δE < δz. The effect of vinyl and allyl groups as substituents on the 13C chemical shifts of chlorine-containing groups is discussed. The dependence of the sp2-carbon spin–spin coupling constants J(13C1H) on the number of chlorinated substituents in the molecule is also considered.


The clinical and radiologic features of 16 cases of surgically and pathologically proved juxtacortical chondrosarcoma were analyzed. The main radiograp-hic findings include: (1) A saucerlike or scalloped defect confined to the outer surface of cortex dut to tumor erosion; (2) Localized cortical proliferation and sclerosis; (3) Soft tissue mass and various forms of calcification within the tumor; but without a bony or calcified shell around the tumor mass and (4) sunray and/or laminated periosteal reaction. The origin of this tumor, its histopathology and classification were discussed. A preliminary investigation on the radiated periosteal reaction and its pathological basis was performed.


Conference Linked Data (COLINDA) 3 , a recent addition to the LOD (Linked Open Data) Cloud 4 , exposes information about scientific events (confer- ences and workshops) for the period from 2002 up to 2015. Beside title, descrip- tion and time COLINDA includes venue information of scientific events which is interlinked with Linked Data sets of GeoNames 5 , and DBPedia 6 . Additionally in- formation about events is enhanced with links to corresponding proceedings from DBLP (L3S) 7 and Semantic Web Dog Food 8 repositories. The main sources of COLINDA are WikiCfP 9 and Eventseer 10 . The research questions addressed by this work in particular are: how scientific events can be extracted and summa- rized from the Web, how to model them in Semantic Web to be useful for mining and adapting of research related social media content in particular micro blogs, and finally how they can be interlinked with other scientific information from the Linked Data Cloud to be used as base for explorative search for researchers .


ABSTRACTTime-domain-induced polarization has significantly broadened its field of reference during the last decade, from mineral exploration to environmental geophysics, e.g., for clay and peat identification and landfill characterization. Though, insufficient modeling tools have hitherto limited the use of time-domain-induced polarization for wider purposes. For these reasons, a new forward code and inversion algorithm have been developed using the full-time decay of the induced polarization response, together with an accurate description of the transmitter waveform and of the receiver transfer function, to reconstruct the distribution of the Cole-Cole parameters of the earth. The accurate modeling of the transmitter waveform had a strong influence on the forward response, and we showed that the difference between a solution using a step response and a solution using the accurate modeling often is above 100%. Furthermore, the presence of low-pass filters in time-domain-induced polarization instruments af...


The subject matter of the paper is the names of confectionery products which, as chrematonyms, belong to the category of proper names. The objective of the deliberations is to provide an answer to the questions in the area of onomastics: where is the borderline between proper names and common names and is it possible to determine this precisely? The properties of onyms, the specification of their (marketing-persuasive) function, as well as grammatical tests (a predicative and pronominal test) which the particular entities have undergone lead to the division of the product names into three groups: common names, common names with a differential marker, and proper names. There exist, however, borderline elements which can denote individual products in specific contexts, and a group of products with identical characteristics in other contexts.


Following the 2009 U.S. Airways Flight 1549 accident, which resulted from a collision with birds, commercial avian radar systems, primarily based on marine radar technologies, have become increasingly widespread. In this paper, we propose an avian radar system that utilizes both the wingbeat corner reflector effect and pulse-Doppler phased array radar technologies. Our experimental results show that our system can detect avian targets (the standard avian target (SAT), SATs) up to 10 km and 20 km away, significantly further than the current 2 km and 6 km reported by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Furthermore, our system has a much shorter detection response time (DRT) of less than 30 ms, compared to the current 5 s reported by the FAA. These findings suggest that the current avian radar systems model should be reviewed to improve its accuracy and effectiveness.


Lactobacillus bulgaricus NCDO 1489 produced a single, cell-bound proteinase during growth on nutrient medium at 45°C. Proteinase activity was optimal at 45–50°C and pH 5.2–5.8. and was inhibited by chelating agents. The enzyme was mainly associated with the cell envelope but could be liberated from cells under conditions favouring autolysis or by treatment of the cells with lysozyme. Its relation to the growth of the organism in milk and possible role in formation of fermented milk products are discussed.


In dairy practice it is quite common to do surgical procedures in barns. One minor but definite problem we deal with is getting all the needed drugs and equipment into the barn where the surgery is to be performed.
We now find that doctors prefer the cat carriers over the wooden cases, even though they don't hold quite as much. I have also used cardboard "banker's boxes" to carry the same equipment. These take up even less room in the truck, and carry everything I need as long as -I lay the bottles of scrub and alcohol down.


Operational sea ice maps are usually generated manually using dual-polarization (DP) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imagery, but there is strong interest in automating this process. Recently launched satellites offer compact polarimetry (CP) imagery that provides more comprehensive polarimetric information compared to DP, which compels the use of CP for automated classification of SAR sea ice imagery. Existing sea ice scene classification algorithms using CP imagery rely on handcrafted features, while neural networks offer the potential of features that are more discriminating. We have developed a new and effective sea ice classification algorithm that leverages the nature of CP data. First, a residual-based convolutional neural network (ResCNN) is implemented to classify each pixel. In parallel, an unsupervised segmentation is performed to generate regions based on CP statistical properties. Regions are assigned a single class label by majority voting using the ResCNN output. For testing, quad-polarimetric (QP) SAR sea ice scenes from the RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) are used, and QP, DP, CP, and reconstructed QP modes are compared for classification accuracy, while also comparing them to other classification approaches. Using CP achieves an overall accuracy of 96.86%, which is comparable to QP (97.16%), and higher than reconstructed QP and DP data by about 2% and 10%, respectively. The implemented algorithm using CP imagery provides an improved option for automated sea ice mapping.


This paper targets the urban conservation, economic, management, and social alliance of cultural heritage and investigates its problems considering it as an "Asset" which can support a sustainable urban development, encouraging investments and growth, that can be demonstrated through different constraints where each one of them consider to be a single approach of different disciplines that interact with several aspects implying urban development by all means, starting with Management Constrain and its challenges represented by the unitary system and the conflict ,overlapping of the organizational structure whether at the central level, or the local one – the second constrain emphasize the Economic value of heritage mentioning the conflict between Heritage vs. Economy and many aspects that related to the financial patterns for conservation projects in heritage areas, and how to get benefit of heritage sustainably.


A new method of characteristic curve(e.g.power isogram,efficiency isogram, combination isogram etc.,) drawing for hydraulic pumps and hydraulic motors was introduced.This approach deals with the characteristic curve of hydraulic pumps and hydraulic motors using MLS.Compared with least square(LS),MLS has a high accuracy and large coverage.A curve drawing example compiled in MATLAB was given.


Rees et al [1][1] seek to replicate the association with schizophrenia of copy number variants (CNVs) involving putative schizophrenia loci in a large case-control study. They conclude that 11 of the 15 previously implicated loci were strongly associated with schizophrenia. The odds ratios of these


Adenosine deaminases (ADARs) catalyze the deamination of adenosine to inosine, also known as A-to-I editing, in RNA. Although A-to-I editing occurs widely across animals, and is well studied, new biological roles are still being discovered. Here, we study the role of A-to-I editing in early zebrafish development. We demonstrate that Adar, the zebrafish orthologue of mammalian ADAR1, is essential for establishing the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral axes and patterning. Genome-wide editing discovery revealed pervasive editing in maternal and the earliest zygotic transcripts, the majority of which occurred in the 3'-UTR. Interestingly, transcripts implicated in gastrulation as well as dorso-ventral and antero-posterior patterning were found to contain multiple editing sites. Adar knockdown or overexpression affected gene expression and global editing patterns at 12 hpf, but not earlier. Our study established that RNA editing by Adar is necessary for the earliest steps of embryonic patterning along the zebrafish antero-posterior and dorso-ventral axes.


In this paper, an analysis is made of transportation systems with both individual and collective characteristics. Five characteristics determine, if a transportation system has to be considered as individual: (1) the presence of transportation services; (2) the presence of logistic services; (3) no say on the vehicle during the trip; (4) no vehicle clustering; and (5) bundling of access points. Systems that can be considered as 'individual' on a subset of these points, and as 'collective' on the other points, are called 'INCO systems'. Three examples of INCO systems, all characterized by full say on the vehicle during the trip (individual), combined with vehicle clustering, have been worked out. These examples are: (a) a fast, dynamic system; (b) a slow, dynamic system; and (c) a shuttle system using trailers. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 887581.


Kinematics theory is formulated. The traveling wave gyrotron (TWG) at interaction with a previously rectilinear relativistic electron beam (REB) with connected E/sub 11/ and H/sub 11/ waves of a goffered waveguide has been investigated. It was shown that a TWG with thin REB has a mechanism which is independent from the initial electron input phase that allows prediction of the high efficiency of the device, which is nearing 100%. It is revealed that outlying electrons of a wide REB in a TWG have a combined Cherenkov-gyrotron type of interaction with waves E/sub 11/ and H/sub 11/, since the efficiency of a TWG with wide REB is much higher than in resonance gyrotrons.


ABSTRACT In this article, a new version of a biogeography-based optimization algorithm with Levy flight distribution (LFBBO) is introduced and used for the optimum design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls under seismic loading. The cost of the wall is taken as an objective function, which is minimized under the constraints implemented by the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-05) design code and geometric limitations. The influence of peak ground acceleration (PGA) on optimal cost is also investigated. The solution of the problem is attained by the LFBBO algorithm, which is developed by adding Levy flight distribution to the mutation part of the biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm. Five design examples, of which two are used in literature studies, are optimized in the study. The results are compared to test the performance of the LFBBO and BBO algorithms, to determine the influence of the seismic load and PGA on the optimal cost of the wall.


Adopted the methods of the documentary analysis and logic deduction,this study conducted an investigation research in order to explore and analyzed the characteristics of sport appreciation.The results indicated that the main characteristics of sport appreciation can be concluded as non-benefits,being instinctive,creativity,exceeding character,joviality,and interest.It is proposed to provide theoretical references and strategies for the reforms of P.E.teaching and cultivating the ability of sport appreciation.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the change in quality of the information environment pre- and post-Enron. We test whether the reputations of all auditors declined as a result of Enron. The impact on the market risk premium is also examined. An information processing model is developed to show that a structural break in information quality can produce a variety of outcomes for the responsiveness of the market to accounting information. We find that there was a fall in information quality post-Enron across all auditors. We also find that the Enron scandal, at least temporarily, adversely affected the market risk premium, confirming that information quality is part of systematic risk. These findings have obvious implications for the US audit industry, for accounting regulators and for the international competitiveness of US capital markets.


In partial estimation, sample capacity is an important topic in sampling investigation. This paper uses general estimation method and uses total effective accuracy to estimate total sample capacity , and uses the second sampling revising method to determine sample total, which makes the solution reach scientific accuracy and practical demand.


Data repositories are getting larger and in most of the cases, only a small subset of their data items is labeled. In such scenario semi-supervised learning (SSL) techniques have become very relevant. Among these algorithms, those based on graphs have gained prominence in the area. An important step in graph-based SSL methods is the conversion of tabular data into a weighted graph. However, most of the SSL literature focuses on developing label inference algorithms without studying graph construction methods and its effect on the base algorithm performance. This paper provides a novel technique for building graph by using mutual kNN and labeled vertices. The use of prior information, i.e., to consider the small fraction of labeled vertices, has been underexplored in SSL literature and mutual kNN has been only explored in clustering. The empirical evaluation of the proposed graph showed promising results in terms of accuracy, when it is applied to the label propagation task. Additionally, the resultant networks have lower average degree than kNN networks.


This textbook deals with the structural mechanics of the mass-produced integral passenger car body. It provides a concise explanation of load paths in the vehicle body-in-white, based on engineering first principles. These are the used as the basis of ran in-depth discussion of the conceptual design of car structures, using case studies directly related to real-life design problems. It is based on a short course design for industry, which has been well received and is used to train body engineers worldwide. The chapters include: introduction; fundamental vehicle loads and their estimation; terminology and overview of vehicle structure types; introduction to the simple structural surfaces (SSS) method; standard sedan (saloon) - baseline load paths; alternative construction for body subassemblies and model variants; structural surfaces and floor grilles; application of the SSS method to an existing vehicle structure; introduction to vehicle structure preliminary design SSS method; preliminary design and analysis of body subassemblies using the SSS method; fundamentals and preliminary sizing of sections and joints; case studies - preliminary positioning and sizing of major car components.


This article introduced advanced technologies of manufacture and inspection for overseas SAWL pipe,and compared these advanced technologies with those of Chinese.After comparison,it pointed out in order to enter into the list of the powerful steel pipe countries from production and consumption country,it should perfect some technology details from manufacturing process documents,welding,non-destructive test,product inspection,and etc.,and this will improve quality and production efficiency of Chinese SAWL pipe.


Objective To explore the clinical effect of Shugan Jieyu medicine on the TCM syndrome, sexual hormone level and psychological behavior of female children with stagnation of liver qi type ICPP. Methods The clinical data of 45 female children with ICPP treated in outpatient were analyzed retrospectively. All of them were treated with Shugan Jieyu medicine. The TCM syndrome, sexual hormone level and clinical signs of them before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the TCM syndrome score(11.3±2.8) of female children with stagnation of liver qi type ICPP was significantly lower than that of prior treatment(18.2±4.7), the level of sexual hormone(FSH, LH, E2)(3.1±0.8),(1.1±0.3),(11.2±2.7) was significantly lower than that of prior treatment(4.2±1.2),(2.0±0.5),(19.2±4.5), respectively(all P0.01), breast size, diameter of breast, breast pain, vaginal secretions(1.42±0.45),(1.03±0.37),(0.66±0.23),(0.84±0.31) was significantly better than that of prior treatment(2.08±0.67),(1.86±0.54),(1.12±0.45),(1.33±0.51), respectively(all P0.01). Conclusion Shugan Jieyu medicine could reduce the TCM syndrome,sexual hormone level in female children with stagnation of liver qi type ICPP effectively, as well as eliminate the clinical signs of the patients, so Shugan Jieyu medicine is a drug with high application value in the treatment of ICCP.


This paper presents new statistical properties of complex noncentral matrix-variate quadratic forms. In contrast to previous results, the expressions do not involve infinite sums over partitions, or matrix-variate polynomials, and are easily and efficiently computable. These properties are used to derive new upper and lower bounds on the ergodic mutual information of double-sided correlated Rician MIMO channels with arbitrary-rank channel mean matrices. The bounds are shown to be tighter than previous reported bounds in the literature


25~5255252HEN Dr. Ashford kindly extended me the invitation-for IJ|which I wish to thank him-to participate in the Graduate Fortnight on the Disorders of the Nervous System, I was all but compelled to decline. I am far from my usual place of work and, lacking all of my clinical records here, it would not be easy for me to prepare an address worthy of the Academy, which is our host, and of the distinguished audience that has met here tonight. But I could not fail to take into account the honor which such an invitation implied, coupled with the fact that I have but recently been made a Fellow of the Academy, and so I felt it was my duty to accept. This, then, is the reason why instead of hearing the words of Dr. William Cone, who was originally to be the first speaker on tonight's program, you will have to listen to me. I take this opportunity to thank all Fellows of the Academy, and all individuals who have been instrumental in having my name added to the roster of my eminent colleagues of this Society, for the honor thus conferred upon me. In accord with the program of this Fortnight, I have selected for my brief lecture a subject that follows the line of the topics to be considered in the present series of lectures. This occasion also affords me an opportunity to render homage, once more, to the memory of my disciple and friend, Dr. Manuel Balado, whom death has recently torn from our midst when nothing led us to suspect that we might lose him, so full of youth and at the height of productiveness. Together with him, a few years ago, we made some studies on the lesions observed in the brain consequent to violent traumas causing immediate or early death of the victim. It is in these cases that can be studied the initial lesions caused by


The invention Wnt / beta-provides a method for culturing cells while suppressing differentiation of multipotential stem cells before by inhibition of catenin signaling.


Geocast is a communication paradigm for disseminating information in a specified target region rather than based on IP addresses. Local hazard or accident warnings and warnings of approaching emergency vehicles are examples of potential use cases in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Different geocast target region specifications have been proposed in recent years. Yet, the impact of the selected geocast target region specification on communication efficiency and network overload has not been extensively studied so far. We provide a comparative analysis of different geocast target region specifications, namely circle, rectangle, polygon, and route. In our analysis we consider introduced communication overhead, as well as false positive and false negative rates for three representative VANET applications. Our simulation results show that a circular region, despite its simplicity, performs better in most scenarios than rectangular, polygon-based, or route-based regions. However, optimal radius selection has a significant impact on efficiency.


Observation and measurement of large scale heap objects, like consumed raw material in iron plants, for deriving volume data from real scale 3D models for automated data processing is done under very special conditions by now. A complete system is presented, starting at the su cient acquisition of raw data, over the description of a computational 3D model up to delivering evaluation results that will eventually support business decisions related on more exact base parameters calculated by our system. The approach presented in this work allows an accurate and automatic extraction of volume measurements for large scale stockpile heap structures by analyzing and evaluating the data of multiple sensor devices.


This research aims to analyze the effect of Electronic Word Of Mouth toward purchase decisions on mobile marketplace Shopee in Palembang city. the research method used a quantitative method that has a causal-comparative design. The data has used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Non-probability sampling was used as a sampling method with the total sample of 100 respondents. Data was collected through questionnaire which validity and reliability were already verified. The analysis tool in this study are simultaneous test (F test), partial test (t test), and multiple linear regression analysis. Results have show that : (1)Electronic word of mouth has positive effect on purchase decision by Fcount 48,026 with significance value of 0,000 < 0,05; (2)three sub-variables of Electronic Word Of Mouth partially had positive effect on purchase decisions; (3)the dominant variable influencing was Electronic Word Of Mouth message by tcount 7,342.
Keywords : Electronic Word Of Mouth, purchase decision


The purpose of this research was to extend the typical SPM analysis of time varying human movement gait. We focused on the magnitude of statistical effect, with colour maps used to identify regions of high and low effect at the three-component vector level (3D joint kinematics and kinetics). Conceptually similar to a multivariate ANOVA, users can easily identify joints with the highest statistical effect, then probe the scalar components to determine which is most contributing to this effect. Though the analysis can be applied to any human movement biomechanics (i.e., running, walking, landing etc.), the example presented here is walking gait. Though only the kinetics from a single joint are presented, our goal is to build a user-friendly GUI capable of analysing the kinematics and kinetics of all joints and degrees of freedom in the kinematic and kinetic chain.


The loss factor of a structure is significantly improved by using constrained damping treatment. For a mass efficient design, the damping material is to be applied at suitable locations. The studies reported in literature use the modal strain energy distribution in the viscoelastic material or the strain energy distribution in the base structure as tools to arrive at these suitable locations for the damping treatment. It is shown here that the regions identified through the above criteria need not be suitable for certain bending modes of vibration. A new approach is proposed in which the strain in the viscoelastic material and the angle of flexure are shown to be more reliable in arriving at the locations for the damping treatment. Providing damping layers at identified locations using these parameters results in significant loss factors with minimal added mass.


Platnick, N. I. (Department of Entomology, The American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024) 1977. Paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups. Syst. Zool. 26: 195-200.-Previously proposed definitions of the terms monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic are examined. The definitions provided by Hennig and Ashlock are internally flawed because they do not prevent a single group from being simultaneously paraphyletic and polyphyletic. The definitions provided by Nelson are internally consistent but have undesirable consequences by either precluding the existence of monotypic genera or allowing coordinate taxa to both correspond and not correspond to monophyletic groups. The definitions provided by Farris are internally consistent and lack the drawbacks of Nelson's views; it is suggested that they are successful because they identify necessary relationships between the concepts of polyphyly and parallelism and the concepts of paraphyly and character reversal. [Phylogenetic systematics; monophyly; paraphyly; polyphyly.] One major disagreement between evolutionary and phylogenetic systematists seems to center at present around the question of whether paraphyletic groups should be permitted in classifications. Although I personally reject the use of such groups, the purpose of this paper is not to argue for one side or the other on this issue, but to point out that such arguments are unlikely to be productive unless proponents of both sides use the terms monophyly, paraphyly, and polyphyly in the same way. At least four different sets of definitions of these terms, those of Hennig (1965, 1966, 1975), Ashlock (1971, 1972), Nelson (1971, 1973), and Farris (1974), have been proposed. I will argue that the definitions advocated by Hennig and Ashlock suffer from fatal intrinsic flaws, that those provided by Nelson are internally sound but have undesirable consequences, and that only those proposed by Farris are fully acceptable. Hennig (1966) recognized these three types of groups and provided (p. 73) the following definition: "A monophyletic group is a group of species descended from a single ('stem') species, and which includes all species descended from this stem species." Subsequently (1975:247), Hennig pointed out that "A categorical distinction exists between monophyletic groups (Ashlock's holophyletic), whose members possess a stem species common only to themselves, and non-monophyletic groups (paraphyletic and polyphyletic), whose members always possess a common stem species but not one common only to themselves." It is important to note that Hennig's distinction between monophyletic and nonmonophyletic groups is based on the genealogical relationships existing within groups and not on our ability to recognize those relationships; thus, he has not defined a monophyletic group as one whose members possess a uniquely derived character state. Hennig (1965:103) provided diagrams (Fig. 1) that unambiguously distinguish his concepts of paraphyletic groups (those based on symplesiomorphy) and polyphyletic groups (those based on convergence). The diagrams (Fig. 2) provided by Hennig (1966:148) are not, however, equally unambiguous; as was indicated by Nelson (1971, 1973), if the cladogram of a polyphyletic group in Fig. 2 is redrawn with its phenetic component eliminated (as in Fig. 3), no genealogical differences exist between the paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups. Hennig (1975:248) nonetheless endorsed his ambiguous concept, arguing that the distinction of paraphyly and polyphyly "is possible only at the methodological level." With reference to a new diagram (Fig. 4), Hennig (1975) asserted that "Both types of groups, those based on convergence (what I consider polyphyletic


With ZrOCl_2·8H_2O and NH_4HCO_3 as raw materials, precursor of ZrO_2 was obtained via liquid-state transformation method, then the precursor was washed with water and dried. ZrO_2 was obtained by thermal decomposition of precursor at 450℃. Various factors affecting preparation of ZrO_2 were investigated, such as molar ratio of ZrOCl_2·8H_2O to NH_4HCO_3, reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration of reactants, consumption of the surfactant, calcining temperature and time, etc. The optimum conditions for preparing ZrO_2 were obtained. Under such conditions the recovery of 99.96% for Zr was obtained,and particle diameter of product was about 50nm.


This paper presents stability issues of second-order multidimensional linear time-varying systems. The second-order form is a result of modeling a class of dynamical systems directly using their physical parameters (e.g., inertia matrix). Three sufficient conditions for stability and two for instability were derived. Lyapunov's second method is first used to derive a sufficient stable condition which gives a range of variation for each parameter matrix. A new analysis method is used to derive a stable and an unstable condition. This method gives conditions on the integral of certain quantities. In this way, unlike conditions imposed by a typical Lyapunov analysis, instantaneous values of these quantities do not directly affect the proof of stability.


In a study of the parathyroid, the rat gland offers certain advantages in spite of its small size and some difficulty in its routine identification. It is a discrete paired structure situated on the anterolateral aspect of each thyroid lobe, and accessory parathyroid tissue is rarely found in the rat (Hoskins & Chandler, 1925). According to Rosof (1934) and De Robertis (1941) it contains but one histological cell type since the oxyphil cell, a prominent feature of the primate and ungulate glands (Castleman & Mallory, 1935) has not been reported in the rat parathyroid. Within this single cell category both Rosof and De Robertis described 'light' and 'dark' cells, construing these as representing different phases of secretary activity. De Robertis (1941), in a further experimental study on the rat parathyroid, reported an increased number of dark osmiophil cells in states of hypersecretion, while Baker (1945), disputing this contention, found no dark cell increase in parathyroid hyperactivity. Bensley (1947) believed that parathyroid 'dark' cells were dark because of a high lipid content and a low-water content of their cytoplasm in general. Cowdry (1922) wrote that no intracellular component had been reported which gave any indication of the mode of secretion of the parathyroid cell. Since then Rosof (1934) has described an intracellular osmiophil secretaryy' substance derived, according to him, from Golgi-mitochondrial membrane complexes. In addition to this, basophil bodies (Cowdry & Scott, 1936) and a large juxta-nuclear body (Pappenheimer & Wilens, 1935; Baker, 1942), have also been suggested as being concerned with secretary function.


Traveling wave fault location method has been widely applied in the power system because it's wide applicability and high accuracy. The field travelling wave fault location system uses the double ends method as major fault location principle, while the single end method is used as complimentary fault location means. For these two methods, they mainly concern the double ends of the faulty line and rarely consider the travelling wave data of the neighboring substations. With the rapid development of communication technology, we can use wide area travelling wave data for fault location. Based on the analysis of fault generated traveling waves' propagation path and fault location error, this paper proposes the fault location strategy of wide area travelling wave fault location. It uses the shortest path containing the faulty line to get the precise location result and uses the other path location results to validate. The paper constructs the wide area traveling wave fault location algorithm, which uses the weighted graph to represent the power grid, and it uses Floyd-Warshall algorithm to get the shortest path containing the faulty line between the substations. Then uses the extended double ends method to compute the distance to fault, and determine the final result by using the wide area fault location strategy. The transmission network of Hubei province case shows that the proposed algorithm is effective. The algorithm uses wide area traveling wave data to improve the credibility of the location result, and it can improve the reliability of the traveling wave location system by finding the abnormal substation data.


Lexical Fluency Units (LFUs) are strings of words that act like single items in language users' mental lexicon. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in analyzing them in learners' speech and classifying them into different types (Ushigusa 2008, Wood 2012). The literature in this particular field of study stated that the higher use of lexical fluency units might lead to the higher score on tests of oral English proficiency; therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between lexical fluency, temporal fluency (TF), and proficiency. To conduct the study, forty Iranian EFL teachers with TOEFL scores above 570 were chosen. To ensure that they have acquired competency in communication by which they can be employed as an instructor in the real context, they took an Oral English Proficiency Test (OEPT). Then, the sounds recorded from OEPT were analysed by PRRAT and Transcriber software and the transcripts of their responses were also analysed for detection of lexical fluency units (LFUs). Results indicated that teachers who incorporated more LFUs in their speech had higher TF ratio and consequently higher proficiency score. The interpretations and implementations are also discussed. Keywords: lexical fluency; temporal fluency (TF); lexical fluency units (LFUs); language proficiency; lexicon  DOI: http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2016-2201-09


In this paper, we present a new time domain electromagnetic tomographic imaging algorithm using coded multiple excitation signals to reconstruct an extended object immersed in inhomogeneous medium. Three waveform encoding techniques are developed to enable simultaneous source excitation as a way of improving computational efficiency in nonlinear full wave tomographic imaging. By numerical simulations, we show that iterative image reconstruction algorithm using coded multiple source excitation achieves faster convergence and better quality images than the conventional single source imaging.


The utility model provides an artificial cochlea cranked electrode. The artificial cochlea cranked electrode comprises a pole array coupling consisting of an electrode plate and an electrode wire, wherein the pole array coupling is bent into the shape of a cochlea and then encapsulated into a whole with colloidal silica, so that a cranked electrode pole array coupling body is formed; a guiding hose used for straightening the cranked electrode pole array coupling body is sleeved on the cranked electrode pole array coupling body, the guiding hose comprises a guiding hose body and a trumpet-shaped opening arranged at the tail end of the guiding hose body, and the guiding hose is provided with a tearable structure running through the head and tail ends of the guiding hose. The artificial cochlea cranked electrode has the advantages that the structure is simple, the application is convenient, the reliability on the implantation effect of the artificial cochlea cranked electrode is good, the safety is high, the electrode after implantation is closer to the spiral ganglion cells of the cochlea, the language distinguishing capability is improved, the power consumption is low, the electrode implanted in a human body is guaranteed to maintain the best working state for a long time, and the service life is long.


We have built a family of non-axisymmetric potential models for normal non-ba rred spiral galaxies. For this purpose, a three-dimensional self-gravitating mo...


Until recently, vasculogenesis was thought to be restricted to embryonic development, whereas angiogenesis was considered to be responsible for neovascularization in embryos and adults. Now the existence of postnatal vasculogenesis is widely accepted, with the discovery that BM-derived EPCs circulate in peripheral blood (PB),1 home to and incorporate into foci of neovascularization in adult animals, and increase in number in response to tissue ischemia. Initially, Flk-1 and CD34, shared by angioblasts and hematopoietic cells, were used to isolate putative angioblasts from the mononuclear cell fraction of PB.1 Meanwhile, EPCs subsequently were isolated from human umbilical cord blood, BM mononuclear cells, and CD34+ or CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells. These cells show various endothelial cell phenotypes during ex vivo culture. In animal models of ischemia, EPCs were shown to incorporate into sites of active neovascularization in ischemic and tumor tissue. Studies have shown the effect of direct repopulation of EPCs into lost endothelial cells in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI).2 The systemically administered ex vivo expanded EPCs following MI, incorporate into foci of myocardial vasculature and have a favorable impact on preservation of left ventricular function. Other simplified approaches using unselected or selected BM or PB mononuclear cell fractions,3 have been reported to be successful in improving cardiac function following various models of myocardial and hindlimb ischemia. More recent studies have demonstrated that the therapeutic mechanism of various BM-derived cells are attributed to their capacity to exert paracrine or humoral effects rather than cellular transdifferentiation.4,5 Regardless of the mechanistic debate, the therapeutic benefits of cell therapy have been reported by most of the experimental animal studies on tissue repair or regeneration.

The promising results from experimental studies prompted the initiation of clinical studies. Pilot clinical studies explored the therapeutic potential of both cultured and freshly isolated EPCs or mononuclear cells. Studies have shown that cells injected into the affected coronary arteries improved global left ventricular function and global microvascular function in post-MI patients.6 Larger placebo-controlled clinical trials have demonstrated split results showing both favorable or non-significant effects.6–7 There have been a few studies that addressed the therapeutic effects of uncultured PB or BM mononuclear cells on peripheral vascular obstructive disease or critical limb ischemia.8,9 Although the number of enrolled patients was small, these studies uniformly demonstrated beneficial effects. At present, studies using either non-cultured or cultured BM cells have demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and bioactivity of these candidate cells in patients with myocardial or critical limb ischemia. Most studies, however, were conducted using uncultured BM or PB mononuclear cells due to the safety concerns associated with culturing cells. One major concern is the use of animal serum. Thus studies using EPCs cultured with a safer method are necessary, because cultured EPCs are one of the originally reported cell types that opened this cell therapy field. As yet no definitive (ie, phase 3) studies have been conducted in any cell-based therapy to date.

The major limitation of using cultured EPCs for clinical use is how EPCs can be expanded on a large scale using a safe culture protocol. Most EPC expansion protocols utilize media containing fetal bovine serum (FBS). Because FBS contains growth factors, attachment factors and vital nutrients, it is one of the most widely used ingredients for cell culture. The use of xenogeneic serum, however, can pose a risk such as disease transmission, harmful immunizing effects or adverse effects due to unknown factors. Potential concerns include viral, prion and zoonose contamination. Anti-FBS antibodies and inflammatory reactions have been detected and these could have immunological adverse events and be a factor influencing therapeutic results.10 Shumiya et al in this issue of the Journal have evaluated the quality and potential of cultured EPCs using autologous human serum without FBS.11 That study demonstrated that EPCs could be expanded with human serum and that transplanted EPCs augmented blood flow and reduced limb loss and necrosis, suggesting the competence of human serum for clinical use. Other efforts have been made to reduce or exclude the use of FBS. For instance, chemically defined serum-free media could be a possible alternative for large-scale manufacturing, but it has not been fully successful thus far. Another option for the potential FBS substitutes was the use of human blood products such as allogenic human serum from blood and cord blood or platelet derivatives.12 Their use, however, is still limited to pre-clinical studies. Currently the most reliable option would be to use autologous serum. Table lists a summary of clinical studies using cultured cells with human serum or plasma.13–15 These studies have uniformly demonstrated increased functional improvement and safety, suggesting the utility of human autologous serum for therapeutic use. As demonstrated in experimental hindlimb ischemia in the Shumiya et al study,11 a clinical trial with cultured EPCs using autologous serum for patients with peripheral vascular obstructive is desired.

Table

Clinical Trials Using Stem/Progenitor Cells Cultured With Autologous Human Serum or Plasma

Issues remain regarding the use of autologous serum for expansion and/or differentiation of PB or BM cells. Several studies have demonstrated that serum from patients with heart failure or diabetes has adverse effects on the growth and differentiation characteristics of BM-derived stem or progenitor cells.16 Moreover, the study by Shumiya et al. used only PB cells from healthy volunteers.11 Similar studies using patients' PB cells and their own serum may be required to test their potency. Notwithstanding, autologous serum is an ideal choice for culturing cells for cell-based therapy.


Epitaxial liftoff has been used for achieving heterogeneous integration of many III-V and elemental semiconductor systems. However, it has been heretofore impossible to integrate devices of many other important material systems. A good example of this problem has been the integration of single-crystal transition metal oxides on semiconductor platforms, a system needed for on-chip thin film optical isolators. We report here an implementation of epitaxial liftoff in magnetic garnets. Deep ion implantation is used to create a buried sacrificial layer in single-crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and bismuth-substituted YIG (Bi-YIG) epitaxial layers grown on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG). The damage generated by the implantation induces a large etch selectivity between the sacrificial layer and the rest of the garnet. Ten-micron-thick films have been lifted off from the original GGG substrates by etching in phosphoric acid. Millimeter-size pieces of excellent quality have been transferred to the silicon and g...


The lithium ion diffusion in Li5La3Nb2O12 under the condition of different sintering temperature was investigated by the dielectric loss spectrum.A significant relaxation peak was observed.The relaxation parameters were obtained by non-linear fitting method.The relaxation parameters of the Li5La3Nb2O12 sample under the sintering temperature of 1 123 K are E=0.54 eV and τ0=0.9×10-14 s.The relaxation parameters of the Li5La3Nb2O12 sample under the sintering temperature of 1 173 K are E=0.4 eV and τ0=2.7×10-12 s.The lithium ion diffusion activation energy of the later sample is lower than that of the former sample.Combined with the analysis of the Li5La3Nb2O12 crystalline structure,the relaxation peak is associated with the lithium ion diffusion between different octahedral sites(48 g48 g).


Sorry about the writing—I was in a rush to let you know love Rosie

Third year groups (pupils of 13–14) have always presented me with the most difficult problems of management in the mixed-ability classroom. Each year as August ends, I convince myself of the need to radically rethink this area of the curriculum. Each September, as the term swings into full action, I find my intentions swept away by what appear to be the more pressing requirements of other groups. Third years appear to occupy an educational no-man's land in the middle reaches of secondary schooling. Old enough to have lost the spontaneity and enthusiasm that makes the junior forms so rewarding, they have yet to complete the metamorphosis which makes fourth years co-operative and self-motivating. Third years have frequently been the irritant in an otherwise pleasant, smooth running day.