Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the world's most important grain legume for direct
food consumption, especially in Latin America and Africa. Although little is known about its
genomic organization, the evolution and domestication history of this species that has been
intensively studied over the last few years. P. vulgaris is thought to have originated in a region encompassing Ecuador and northern Peru,
and dispersed both northwards and southwards establishing the Mesoamerican and Andean gene
pools, respectively. Independent domestication took place in these two gene pool.
The main objectives of this study were to (1) investigate genetic diversity within and among
populations of common bean, (2) examine the population structure, and (3) determine the extent and
genomic distribution of Linkage disequilibrium (LD) using AFLP markers.
We have analyzed the DNA of 199 genotypes of Phaseolus from the three known gene pool
(Andean, Mesoamerican and Ancestral) with 418 AFLPs fragments resulting from 19 primer
combinations.
Population structure was investigated using different model-based inference framework.
Overall, a clear separation was found between Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools. Moreover the
results showed a very high level of LD in domesticated compared to the wild forms in both Andean
and Mesoamerican gene pools.


The objective of this research was to examine the efficacy of the accelerated aging test for vigor evaluation of lentil seeds. Four seed lots of the Silvina cultivar were utilized. The initial quality of each seed lot was evaluated by seed moisture content germination at first count, speed of protrusion of primary root, and field seedling emergence. The accelerated aging test was conducted at 41oC for periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours, by the traditional and NaCl saturated solution. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. The saturated salt accelerated aging was efficient for vigor evaluation of lentil seeds, and the period of 48 hours at 41oC was considered as the most adequate procedure to assess seed vigor levels.


Phorate is an organophosphate insecticide (OPI) that is widely used throughout the world and in India and Andhra Pradesh as a broad-spectrum insecticide on numerous crops including paddy and groundnut. It is a soil and systemic insecticide and miticide, used for the control of sucking and chewing insects, mites and soil dwelling pests. Biochemical (BC) alterations were studied in the blood (BL), osmoregulatory organs such as gill (GL) and kidney (KY) and non-osmoregulatory organs such as liver (LR), muscle (MU) and brain (BR) of the fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio (C. carpio) on exposure to acute lethal toxicity of Phorate (ALTP) for one day and 4 days and chronic sublethal toxicity of Phorate (CSTP) for 1, 7, 15 and 30 days. Both the lethal and sublethal concentrations of phorate altered the levels of blood glucose (BG) and total carbohydrates (TC) significantly (P<0.05) in the all target organs of the experimental fish in acute and chronic toxicity studies (ACTS). The alterations in the levels of BG and TC are significantly dose dependent (P<0.05).


Although nearly half of high school physics students are female, only 21% of physics bachelor's degrees are earned by women. Using data from a national survey of college students in introductory English courses (on science-related experiences, particularly in high school), we examine the influence of students' physics and math identities on their choice to pursue a physics career. Males have higher math and physics identities than females in all three dimensions of our identity framework. These dimensions include: performance/competence (perceptions of ability to perform/understand), recognition (perception of recognition by others), and interest (desire to learn more). A regression model predicting students' intentions to pursue physics careers shows, as expected, that males are significantly more likely to choose physics than females. Surprisingly, however, when physics and math identity are included in the model, females are shown to be equally likely to choose physics careers as compared to males.


Objective: The main objective of this research work is to improve the bioavailability of curcumin using beta carotene nanoparticles in experimental animals.
Methods: Curcumin-loaded beta carotene nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared by emulsion–diffusion–evaporation method. Beta carotene and ethyl acetate were used to formulate NPs, and poly (vinyl alcohol) was used as a stabilizer. The emulsion diffusion evaporation method was used to prepare the nanoparticles and bioavailability and various pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with curcumin suspension in rats.
Results: The nanoparticles were successfully prepared using beta carotene and curcumin and the drug loading was almost 93% of the initial weight. Particle sizes were below 200 nm with negative zeta potentials. Comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters of curcumin loaded nanoparticles (Cmax, Tmax, Kel, and AUC were 105 µg/ml, 2 h, 0.23/h, and 1629 µg.hr/ml) with pure curcumin (Cmax, Tmax, Kel and AUC 16 µg/ml, 1h, 0.275/h and 58 µg.hr/ml) indicated a drastic improvement in bioavailability of curcumin.
Conclusion: The relative bioavailability was almost increased 30 times with beta carotene nanoparticles.


In recent years, an increasing emphasis has been placed on the development of cleaner methods to prepare nanomaterials in the pursuit of nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanoparticles by organisms or biomolecules is ideal from the point of a reduced environmental footprint. It is also particularly suitable for end uses in medicine and related fields, where biocompatibility is a major requirement. In this chapter, the current progress in biological and biomimetic synthesis of metal nanoparticles is summarized (using nanogold and nanosilver as examples). In particular, the differences between biological/biomimetic syntheses and conventional chemical syntheses are highlighted, and the fundamental principles involved are discussed.

Keywords:

noble metals;
nanomaterials;
biosynthesis;
biomimetic synthesis;
green chemistry;
microorganisms;
proteins;
peptides


In order to acquaint some information about the structure of inter chromosome and helpful way for reconstruction the structure of chromosome,the structure of normal human chromosome were analyzed by special labeling of the fluorescence staining and with continue section scanning and three dimensional reconstruction with confocal scanning laser microscopy. The result showed that this method could not only display the distribution of the fluorescence band of the chromosome,but also get a series of optical sections of inter chromosome and three dimensional structure of the chromosome.


Ants comprise 5% of the world's one hundred worst invasive alien species and of the seventeen land invertebrates listed, five (28%) are ants (Vander Meer & Milne, 2017). Among the most problematic invasive species, the Asian needle ant, Monomorium chinensis, Santschi and the Yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes, Smith, cause devastating environmental and urban problems all over the world and area threat to local biodiversity (Zheng et al., 2008). Current control measures of these species include perimeter spraying or direct application to nest sites for successful control. However, this can result in insecticidal run-off and environmental contamination often poisons other non-target organisms (Welzel & Choe, 2016). Kafle et al. (2010) stated that the solid bait design was not ideal due to a tendency to become excessively hydrated or dehydrated and Abstract The current control measures used against common household ants in urban and agricultural settings include perimeter insecticide applications. These often have the potential to cause problems of poisoning non-target organisms, due to the insecticidal runoff and environmental contamination. A gel-baiting technique is the most effective tool to control ants with less insecticides released into the environment. In this study two commercial gel baits; the Boric acid (2.5% boric acid) and the Fipronil (0.01% fipronil) baits, were evaluated against laboratory made baits (lab baits). The lab baits, consisted of: 1.5% boric + fructose (F1.5), 1.5% boric acid + fructose + molasses (M1.5), 3% boric acid + fructose (F3), and 3% boric + fructose + molasses (M3) were evaluated based on preference and mortality rates of the common household ant species: the Asian needle ant, Monomorium chinensis, Santschi, and the Yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes, Smith, under laboratory conditions. An inconsistent preference was observed between species and different baits; however, the fipronil bait and the lab bait M3, were preferred more by both ant species compared to the other baits tested. Lab bait M3 also had a faster killing speed than the boric acid bait and the lab bait F3.Based on the results it was concluded that lab bait M3 was a more efficient ant bait and is a potential alternative control measure to the current commercial baits. Sociobiology An international journal on social insects


Last Tuesday evening. Rhode Island Alpha chapter of Alpha Epsilon Delta, the national premedical honor society, elected officers for the , 195&57 academic year The new officers w i l l assume their duties on May 1 Those elected were President. Ronald R. Bilodeau. 57; VicePresident, Joseph T Siracuse. '58: 1 Secretary. John E Boyd. '58; Treasurer. Morton M Soifer. '57. Historian, Gregory W Coughlin, "57, Scalpel reporter, Charles W McGuire , "57,


Data, a key asset in our data-driven economy, has fueled the emergence of a new data trading industry. However, there are a number of limitations in conventional data trading platforms due to the existence of dishonest buyer/data broker. To mitigate these limitations, we posit the importance of a data processing-as-a-service model, which complements the conventional data hosting/exchange-as-a-service model. Specifically, in this paper, we introduce a secure data trading ecosystem and present a new blockchain-based data trading ecosystem (hereafter referred to as SDTE). In the ecosystem, both data broker and buyer are not able to obtain access to the seller's raw data, as they are only getting access to the analysis findings that they require. In other words, we reduce the challenge of securing the dataset to the challenge to secure the data processing. We also build a security model to analyze the data trading market and describe a new set of trading protocols for the entire data trading market. To demonstrate utility, we implement our proposed secure data trading platform (SDTP) on Ethereum & Intel's Software Guard Extensions (SGX) and perform an in-depth analysis.


In the process of processing jelly candy pineapple requires supervision related to food safety and quality assurance. food quality control is one way to get safe and healthy products according to panelists' requests. The aim is to determine the effect of gelling agent on jelly pineapple candy products, to determine the process of making jelly pineapple candy by applying the concept of quality control, and knowing the level of product preference and quality from organoleptic testing. The method used is quantitative qualitative descriptive where the results of the analysis obtained will be described. The results obtained are gelatin is the best gelling agent in making pineapple jelly candy products. Control control point in the manufacture of jelly pineapple candy is the selection of raw materials, standard weighing material, processing temperature, and drying. The results of chemical analysis of pineapple jelly candy for water content of 15.30%, ash content 0.89%, protein content 1.49%, carbohydrate 82.03%, crude fat 0.79%, fiber 1.25%, and vit C 13.10 mg / 100 g sample. Microbiological analysis, there are 1.3x10-3 colonies / g and E.coli bacteria analysis is <3 APM / g. The results of organoleptic analysis from the level of preference of panelists in pineapple candy are rather like the color, aroma, taste, while liking the texture. The hedonic quality test for pineapple candy is rather not bright yellow in color, chewy and elastic in texture, slightly pineapple-flavored, and sweet. The results of chemical and microbiological analysis are in accordance with SNI for jelly candy, while organoleptic tests require modification to get the best product according to consumer demand.


In this paper, three determined factors influencing on the evolution of karst geomorphology of upper Cenozoic in Guizhou, e.g. geological basis, neotectonic movement and neoid climate fluctuation are discussed. Landscapes of karst morphologies consist of three main bodies which are peak forests, peak clusters and hill_peak clusters in Guizhou plateau, their development and distribution are mostly dominated by stratum, lithologic character and folding form;Highly increase in the neotectonic heights causes remarkable differentiation to intensity and manner of karst action of plateau and gorge two geomorphological systems. Besides, particular landscapes of hydrographic morphology that formed are due to neoid active of fault (or fold). Fluctuation of warm and cold climate produces an environment of external forces of alternative karst action of strong to decline. Wholly, It is advantageous to maintain surface of karst plateau in Guizhou.[


Drawing from classroom research that has yielded thoughtful book discussions, this column describes practices that have helped adult students of children's literature talk over books in university classes.PRESERVICE TEACHERS have pulled chairs into a circle to listen as their teacher reads Same, Same but Different (Kostecki-Shaw, 2011), one of several books selected to demonstrate a three-week unit of inquiry focusing on "what difference do differences make?" Taking up the entirety of the chalkboard in the elementary classroom in which they meet, a colorful chart has been prepared to document insights the students generate as they talk over the challenges and rewards of being different - drawing both from the perspectives of characters and from their own lives. The columns of the chart are headed by the six focus book titles, while its rows name features that may be discussed across the selections - including how "difference" is represented in the book they are hearing. As the students listen to the story - a tale of pen pals discovering their similarities and differences across continents - their pens are poised over their quick-write journals so as to capture (what might otherwise be) fleeting thoughts and impressions. At book's end, the teacher asks: "What do you think? I'll take notes while you talk." She directs her attention to her own notepad, and purposefully breaks eye contact. Students shift their weight on the chairs, duck their heads, and flip pages in the small journals. Quick glances at the faces of their peers - and then, hesitantly at first - begin to talk.As we share literature with adults (such as with this class of novice teachers), we anticipate the same rich conversations that occur when children talk about books - discussions that include personal responses, interpretations, insights, appreciation, and critical response. When we teach teachers, we intend that the discussions in our classrooms help to prepare for the discussions in their classrooms.Research that centers on literature discussion is growing, particularly within the context of elementary classrooms (Fullerton & Colwell, 2010; Roser & Martinez, 1995). Recently, researchers have explored an array of features of engaging and productive discussions, including the importance of the learning community within which discussions occur (Maloch, 2008; Short, 1990); the kinds of responses children offer as they talk over stories (Martinez & Roser, 2001; Sipe, 2008); teachers' roles in supporting students' discussions (Maloch, 2002); and the affordances and challenges of varying formats for discussion, including small, student-led discussions (Almasi, 1995; Daniels, 2006; Eeds & Wells, 1989; Raphael & McMahon, 1994) as well as interactive read-alouds (Barrentine, 1996; McGee & Schickedanz, 2007).From the innovative research focusing on children's talk in elementary classrooms, we contend there are implications for how we design and support discussion in our adult classrooms. In this column, we borrow from ideas promoting, supporting, and structuring productive and engaging literature discussions that have served children's discussions and which, we think, hold promise for our discussions of literature with new and experienced teachers. We have organized the column around four considerations for the best book discussions in teacher education classes.Choosing Quality Literature. The two most obvious features of good discussion are "good talkers" and "books worth talking over." Yet, not even good talkers can sustain for long without a "talkable" book. Text selection, then, is core to a good literature discussion (e.g., Eeds & Wells, 1989). We have a good sense of the books that cause kids to talk from their hearts: a character rings true (even in a fantasy); the character's journey offers ethical and moral decisions that pull readers in; the unexpected occurs and turns things topsy-turvy (even momentarily); the story or topic speaks to readers; the language compels and propels; the text reflects and extends the diversity of experiences in a classroom; and/or its treatments and portrayals open to the deliberation of "public sphere" issues (Rogers & Mosley, 2010). …


Parkinson's disease is a prevalent neurological disease characterized by profound and incapacitating movement disorders. A common pathology in Parkinson's patients is degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons that innervate the striatum and a corresponding decrease in striatal dopamine content. We now report that NT‐4/5 can prevent the death of rat embryonic substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in low density, enriched, primary cultures. Furthermore, these neurons express messenger RNA encoding the trkB receptor for NT‐4/5 and transcripts for NT‐4/5 are present in their environment. In addition, we demonstrate that NT‐4/5 protects embryonic dopaminergic neurons from the toxic effects of the neurotoxin MPP+ THUAS, nt‐4/5 could be a physiological survival factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons and may be useful as a therapeutic agent for parkinson's disease. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


OBJECTIVE To determine the blood concentration of vancomycin and norvancomycin.METHODS HPLC was used.CH_ 3 CN-ion paired buffer(115∶885,pH3.1) was used as mobile phase on Shimpack C_ 18 (150×6mm,5μm)with column temperature at 40℃. The flow rate was 1mL·min~ -1 . Detection wavelength was 236nm.RESULTS The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.80~80.19μg·mL~ -1 for norvancomycin and 1.08~108.00μg·mL~ -1 for vancomycin. The average recovery within high and low blood concentration of norvancomycin and vancmycin were 97%~110% with RSD among 2%~6%.CONCLUSION This method was simple,rapid and suitable for the clinical monitor of norvancomycin and vancomycin.


With the entering into WTO,the tendency of internationalization of the domestic market and nationization of the international competition asks something new for the accounting keeping internationalization.Though they have a lot in common, the paper mainly illustrates the differences between them.


The electric conductivity of TiO2 ceramics changed in the RF magnetic sputtering.This paper made research on this phenomenon.Research result shows that bombing by Ar ion on the surface of the TiO2 ceramics produce much heat in the RF magnetic sputtering which caused the oxygen deficient in the TiO2 ceramics.The electric conductivity of TiO2 ceramics changed as the oxygen deficient.


This "open letter" examines a common claim that appears in Justice Ginsburg's dissenting opinion in Masterpiece Cakeshop--namely, that a custom cake baker who declines to bake a cake for a same-sex couple's wedding is acting "solely based on the identity" of the couple-- and argues that the claim is not only demonstrably false but is also unfortunate in aggravating cultural divisions and precluding acceptable middle ground resolutions.


The use of resilient models to describe the behavior of the materials in pavement design is the current standard. However, there are periods of the year when these resilient models may not be valid. Granular materials in pavements show some resiliency at every load level and moisture content. Nonresiliency is critical, however, when the plastic deformation becomes a large portion of the overall deformation in response to a load. Detection of possible nonresiliency in a pavement during use of a falling-weight deflectometer (FWD) would alert the FWD operator to possible nonresilient behavior. Two statistical checks are proposed to test for nonresiliency using the raw data provided by the FWD. Daily testing of a very weak pavement during spring thaw provided FWD data during and after a period of known nonresilient behavior. A chi-squared test of the variance may be able to detect nonresilient behavior.


This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfihn master. UMI films the text direct^ from the onginal or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may Hie quality of diis reproduction is dqiendoit upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed^irough, substandard marginc^ and UDpraper alignment can adverse^ affect reproduction. In the unlikely, event th&t the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized cqjyr^t material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the ordinal, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to r^ht in equal sections with small overly Eadi original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the bade of the book. Photographs induded in the original manuscr^ have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for ai^ photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contaa UMI direct^ to order. be from ai^ type of compter printer.


Viscosities of the ternary mixture (2-butanol + hexane + 1-chlorobutane) at 298.15 K and 313.15 K have been measured at atmospheric pressure. Viscosity deviations for the ternary system were fitted to Cibulka's equation. To correlate experimental data of the ternary system, extended Nissan−Grunberg and McAllister equations have been used and their parameters have been calculated. The "viscosity−thermodynamic" model (UNIMOD) has been applied first to correlate experimental data for the binary mixtures and then to predict the viscosity for the ternary system. The group-contribution thermodynamic viscosity model (GC−UNIMOD) and the group contribution method proposed by Wu have been applied to predict the viscosity for the binary and ternary systems.


Abstract: This essay introduces a cluster of essays that address the question of dwelling in a global age. Although their shared point of departure is Heidegger's 1954 essay "Building Dwelling Thinking," each explores how Heidegger's meditations manifest in modern and postmodern fiction and how questions of dwelling resonate in our present globalized moment. Who dwells—or can stake a claim to dwelling—in neoliberal Europe, in the aftermath of the Celtic Tiger, in Trump's America? Together, the collected essays explore how modern fiction stakes a claim for Being in the world, for both the lives it portrays and literature itself.


This document specifies the mapping of defect states between Ethernet
Attachment Circuits (ACs) and associated Ethernet Pseudowires (PWs)
connected in accordance to the PWE3 architecture [RFC3985] to realize
an end-to-end emulated Ethernet service. This document augments the
mapping of defect states between a PW and associated AC of the end-to-
end emulated service in [PW-OAM-MSG- MAP]. In [PW-OAM-MSG-MAP],
Ethernet OAM was not covered due to lack of Ethernet OAM maturity.
However, since then, [Y.1731] and[802.1ag] have been completed, and
this document specifies the mapping of defect states between Ethernet
ACs and corresponding Ethernet PWs. Conventions used in this
document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL",
"SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC
2119.


Since ancient times, two ancient civilizations of the world such as the Indus Valley Civilization and the Egyptian Civilization though geographically fall apart from one another; they were well connected through the sea routes for maritime trading and cultural exchange as described in the ancient texts and archival records. The maritime trading also resulted in the social and cultural exchange between the two civilizations as well. The article focuses primarily on the striking resemblances observed between the Puri Shri Jagannath temple in India with that of the temples of ancient Egypt in terms of the religious worship of the deities, ritual practices in the temples, arts and architecture, celebration of temple festivals, religious record keeping, the role of king as the first servitor, humanisation of God and daily offering rituals, the concept of the state deity and God-King relationship etc. Though it is very difficult to trace the origin and evolution of the religio-cultural system and ritual practices in the temples of both the regions Odisha in India and ancient Egypt, however this similar system and arrangements might have been originated and evolved at one place at some point in time, might have gradually spread over to the other places in course of time.


The experiment of thermal property for a solar thermal collector with a new-type heat-conducting medium used is described.The heat-collecting efficiency of a trough-type sun-tracking solar thermal collector was investigated experimentally,and the results were compared with the theoretical results of a heat pipe/evacuated tube thermal collector of the same type.It was found that the trough-type sun-tracking solar thermal collector can get higher heat-collecting efficiency if introducing the conduction oil to enhance the heat transferability in combination with the heat pipe technology.In this way the saturation steam pressure can come up to 2MPa with the temperature above 200℃.


A major shift in family law jurisprudence led courts to adjust their roles from faultfinders to that of conflict managers in adjudicating matters pertaining to divorce. This movement coincided with the no-fault movement generally, and as a result, the dissolution of marriage and its effects on minor children came to be seen in a new light. Standards governing these issues, paired with new evidence concerning the effects of divorce on children, left courts searching for ways to ameliorate the process. The result was the widespread and fast-growing implementation of parent-education programs. With these programs now operating in the majority of states— and mandated by courts in many instances—there has been much debate regarding their efficacy. Numerous long-term studies have researched the impact of parent-education programs on both parents and children. However, in terms of direct evaluation of the programs, assessment is generally left to the parents. In order to improve direct evaluation, additional court intervention is needed. Via statutory mandate or court rule, courts can set guidelines for the direct evaluation of parent-education programs. These mandates should include provisions for comparative preand post-test evaluation to be completed by parents, paired with long-term follow-up by a specialist. This type of comprehensive evaluation will provide easily accessible data on the effectiveness of the programs with marginal additional expense to the state. As such, the efficacy of all mandated parent-education programs—as opposed to just the few chosen test subjects of longterm surveys—will be readily ascertainable. 1148 Michigan State Law Review 2016


Art and fashion have always play with the ambiguous attraction adults feel towards tween eroticism. In 1998 the fashion photographer Ellen Von Unwerth shot a picture for the cover of the magazine i-D in collaboration with the model Devon Aoki. In the portrait, many little details are very interesting: Devon Aoki is photographed with glossy and red lips, her sullen face covered with freckles, her blue eyes wide, and her nails lacquered, again with red color. These details are sufficient to make us think of Devon Aoki as a doll and modern Lolita. Through some case histories, taken from art and fashion, this paper wants to underline the role of photographic voyeurism in narrating the story of this very eternal taboo: the tween eroticism.


m ? where x = ( x 1 , . . . l x _ ) , t > 0 , P = X I ^ D t , f o r the do' m i=1 x i 1 main B = ByrT, where B^ = j x : I x ^ ^ a . ^ { i = 1 . . ,m) j , T = 11 : 0 < t < <*> j , a^ ( i = 1 , . . . , m ) being the pos i t ive numbers. The s o l u t i o n u s a t i s f i e s the D i r i c h l e t and Neumann boundary-value condit ions r e s p e c t i v e l y and Cauchy data . For the construct ion of the solut ions of those problems we s h a l l use the convenient Green functions G, g given in the paper [ 1 ] , In [3] a so lu t ion of a c e r t a i n l i m i t problems f o r the heat equation and f o r the cuboid using the Four ier s e r i e s was given. In the present paper we s h a l l apply Lemmas 2 , 6 , 7 , the Green funct ions G, g and the notat ions of the paper [1] .


launched atoncebytheperiodic trigger ofaninternal Abstract: self refresh oscillator (SRO)wheninstandby operation. During theexternal access therefresh trigger will be A pseudostatic RAM (PSRAM)wasfabricated using stored inalatch andperformed whenthenextrefresh costeffective commodity DRAM0.14pi m technology, slot isavailable. Thetypical refresh period isbetween Withthefocus tomobile application thestandby current lIOps andlOOias, mostly temperature dependant. wasreduced by operating alltheinternal analog Thestandby current ofaDRAMs isdivided into three circuitries inaclocked arrangement withadutycycle parts :refresh-, leakage- andanalog one.Formidrange adaptively adjusted totheload. Thisprinciple waseven memorycapacity, e.g. 32MBit, allthree portions have provenforanon-chip bandgap cell(BGR)andavery nearly thesamemagnitude. efficient highvoltage pump.Thecurrent consumptionThelst art canbediminished byincreasing thetrench forallanalog circuitries firstname.lastname@example.com 1.8V/250 for a capacity size, reducing thememorycellleakage current, independant of . ext.crnd:. g~~~~~~~~~~~~enerator


Aim: To investigate the effect of neurotransmitter level in plasma/serum of Tourette syndrome rat by Jing'an Oral Liquid (JAOL). Methods: Thirty male mature Wistar rats were divided into five groups randomly ;group one as control, group 2 as DOI(the selective 5-HT2A/2C agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2aminopropane) without treatment, group 3 as DOI group treated with low dose JAOL, group 4 as DOI group treated with high dose JAOL, group 5 as DOI group treated with Tiapride as the positive. After 21days, Blood samples were collected to measure neurotransmitter content. Results: Jing'an Oral Liquid significantly increased the level of DA,GABA and decreased the level of 5-HT,NE,Glu in the treated group compared with theose of the Tourette Syndrome untreated group. Conclusions: The findings showed that Jing'an Oral Liquid exerts beneficial effects on the Neurotransmitter disorders in DOI– induced Tourette Syndrome. 科研文章 静安口服液对 Tourette 综合征模型大鼠神经递质的影响 朱维娜 *,隆红艳 *▲, 阮杰 ,马春华 ,周芙琼 ,张骠 1 南京市中医院中心实验室,南京中医药大学第三 附属医院,南京,210001,中国 中国药科大学,中药学院 南京,210009,中国 3 南京市中医院中医药研究所,南京中医药大学第三 附属医院,南京,210001,中国


We discuss an improved architecture for a small ion trap based frequency standard. This design will reduce the size and cost of current Hg/sup +/ standards and improve the long term frequency stability. Based on our earlier work, stability of 7/spl times/10/sup -14///spl radic//spl tau/ is anticipated.<<ETX>>


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the trend of precipitation in Kilkis region (Greece) at the site and regional level in various time scales. At the site level, the precipitation trend was analyzed using three tests: 1) Mann-Kendall, 2) Sen's T and 3) Spearman while the trend slope was estimated using the Sen's estimator. At a regional level, nonparametric spatial tests such as Regional Average Mann-Kendall (RAMK) and BECD's (Bootstrap Empirical Cumulative Distributions) were elaborated with and without the effect of cross correlation. The trend of precipitation was noticed generally downward at annual time scale and statistically significant at 5% level of significance only in only one station. The results of the analysis of trends at the regional level showed in total the influence of cross correlation in the time series since the number of trends detected is reduced when cross correlation is preserved. Precipitation data from 12 stations were used. The study results benefit water resource management, drought mitigation, socio-economic development, and sustainable agricultural planning in the region.


Using air as the working fluid, natural convection heat transfer in a uniform wall temperature convergent vertical channel has been investigated numerically. The investigation encompassed half angles of convergence between 0° (parallel-walled channel) and 10° and the solutions were performed for (S/L) Ra s range of 1 to 2 X 10 4 . In order to find a correlation format which will merge the convergent channel results for low Rayleigh number ranges (Ra' 10 2 ) reported in the literature.


Mainly analyzes and researches on the reason for the over-speeding accident of steam turbine with the theory of safety system project and the FTA method.Based on the qualitative and(quantitative) results, the author gives us the methods to prevent steam turbine from over-(speeding.) Basically,there are the improvements in the reliability in rotate speed regulating,(over)-speeding protection,system running maintenance and quality of inspection.


In this paper, a pin-to-plate reactor with a water droplet as a suspended electrode is employed to investigate the dynamic evolution of pulsed air discharge over the water droplet. The temporal and spatial evolution of the pulsed discharge is captured by an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera, and the spatial distribution of the electric field is obtained by solving the Maxwell equations. Our ICCD measurements show that the discharge is initiated in the gas gap between the anode and the droplet, and then it propagates over the droplet. Our simulation confirms that the strong electric field is formed when the water droplet is placed in the gas space. The propagation of air discharge over the water droplet anode-directed and its propagation velocity is on the order of 1.8 × 105 m s−1. With a decrease in the applied voltage, the long duration of air discharge is formed in the gas space, which could be related to the diffusion-controlled combination of charges remaining in the water droplet.


Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is robust against frequency selective fading due to the increase of the symbol duration. However, for mobile applications, channel time-variations in one OFDM symbol introduce inter-carrier interference (ICI) which degrades the performance. This becomes more severe as mobile speed, carrier frequency or OFDM symbol duration increases. Therefore, the performance of coherent OFDM systems greatly depends on the ability to accurately estimate the effective dynamic channel. In this paper, we analyze the ICI in OFDM systems when it operates over time-varying dispersion channels, and build an auto-regressive (AR) model of the channel dynamics based on the Jakes' model. A pilot symbol aided particle filter method is presented for the estimation and tracking of the channel. Finally, simulation result shows how the proposed method would improve the performance of OFDM systems


We observed unexpectedly broad spectral responses in large cross-section fiber Bragg gratings (LCFBG), which can be attributed to a longitudinal Gouy phase shift due to loss of guiding in the perturbed region of the LCFBG.


A haptic feedback virtual method and an electronic device. Virtual tactile feedback comprises a plurality of steps of the method. Control panel display e-books. Control the haptic actuator generates a virtual tactile (haptic / tactile) feedback to exhibit the sheet material of the electronic book. When the e-book is displayed, push drag input is detected on the touch panel. Push drag input comprises a plurality of touch points to the page of the electronic book. In response to the position of the touch points, control the haptic actuators to adjust the intensity of a virtual tactile feedback to exhibit electronic book page.


• Annual rainfall: 120 200 mm, unreliable, variable in space and time • Temperature: 28 C 41 C • Vegetation: spatially and temporally varied • Main livelihood: Mobile pastoralism conforming to spatial and temporal heterogeneity Study location • Coping and adaption strategies unfold simultaneously in various combinations at household level • Most strategies are reactive and proximate in scope, indicating lack of anticipation, and tendency for near-term stability • Trade-offs exist between short-term social disruption and long-term easing of socio-ecological pressure • Planning strategic interventions in Turkana requires identification of: a. what can be preserved (defensive-backward looking adaptation) and / or b. what can be transformed or gained (progressive-forward looking adaptation, which alters function and structure of the system to enhance resilience while safeguarding its core functions) Conclusions a,bOliver Wasonga, a,cFrancis Opiyo, bMoses Nyangito, aChristian Huelsebusch


Patrick Jager : Travellers in the Levant and the search for Antiquity. ; The most common motivation mentioned by travellers in the Levant was the search for classical culture, and they each tried their best to contribute their own discovery. Yet there was a great difference between the erudite antiquarians and collectors of the early 18th Century and the philosophical travellers at the end of the century. The "Souvenirs" which they brought back fell into three types : objects, which laid the foundations for museum collections ; picturesque or scientific drawings ; and above all accounts in which a new sensibility was developed and new meditations were tried out.


Objective:To study the clinical feature and effective diagnosis of Bernard-soulier syndrome (BSS).Method:A patient whose parents were close relatives was examined with blood cell counts and blood smear for the detection of thrombocytopenia and morphological abnormalities of platelets. The platelet surface glycoprotein expression by flow cytometry was assessed. Amplication of the platelet surface glycoproteins gene by PCR and DNA sequence analysis for these genes were analyzed. Result:Based on the bleeding tendency,giant platelets,low platelet counts and low levels of platelet GP Ⅰb-Ⅴ-Ⅸ complex,this patient was diagnosed as BSS. However,no gene abnormalities of GP Ⅰb and GP Ⅸ were found in this patient. No abnormalities of GP Ⅰb and GP Ⅸ gene and GP Ⅰb-Ⅴ-Ⅸ complex were found in her parents and brother.Conclusion:BSS is a rare inherited platelet disorder,which is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner. Flow cytometry analysis of the platelet surface glycoprotein expression plays an important role in the diagnosis of BSS. Although no abnormal genetype was found in this patient,translation defect may be the reason of low expression of platelet GP Ⅰb-Ⅴ-Ⅸ complex.


submission deadline: 15 Sep 2006 Final submission deadline: 20 Jan 2007 Notification of acceptance date: 20 Dec 2006 Features Exhibits Tutorials Back to search results 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) IEEE sponsors: IEEE Robotics and Automation Society


In this paper, we investigate the use of reinforcement learning to train the players in the game of guarding a territory. The game is played in the continuous domain. There are two players in the game: an invader and a guard. In our formulation, we set the guard to be 30 percent faster than the invader. We make the assumption that the players have no a priori knowledge of their optimal behavior. Therefore, the players will obtain these after learning. In other words, both players are simultaneously learning in the game. We introduce the Apollonius circle approach to determine the optimal solution of the guarding a territory game, when the guard is faster than the invader. We make use of the optimal solution of the game determined using the Apollonius circle approach to evaluate the learning performance of the players. We present simulation results and discuss the effectiveness of the approach.


In generid, it is wry difficult t o design a spatial filtering neural network which can extract all the target features without being contaminated by other false features. In the previous works, the authors have prapased a neural network architecture which can extract r o d segments without noises in general situations. The mad segments, however, were extracted = 'broken at the region where they are overlaid and occluded by characters and other map symbols. Few studies have been carried out t o complete mad segments which are interrupted by map symbols. In this papcr, a novel approach for the completion of road segments interrupted bp map symbols, including a brief explanation of the extraction process, is proposed by spatial filters. The system is applied to 1/25,000 scaled maps published by Ihc Gcogtaphical Survey lnsti t~ite of Miniatry of Conatruction d Japan. I t ia shown that the system can e x t r x t and complete road sagmeals in various c u e s successfullg.


This study aims to improve water level prediction at Bedup River with estimations made to absent precipitation data, both using Artificial Neural network (ANN). Studies to predict water level in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia have been actively carried out.


Author(s): Hatta, Y; Xiao, BW; Yoshida, S; Yuan, F | Abstract: © 2016 American Physical Society. We compute the transverse single spin asymmetry in light hadron production p↑p→hX and p↑A→hX including the gluon saturation effect in the unpolarized nucleon/nucleus. In the forward (large-xF) region, the dominant contribution comes from the so-called derivative term associated with the soft gluonic pole. This leads to the cancellation of nuclear effects in AN which can be tested at the RHIC. We also show that the soft fermionic pole disappears in the saturation environment.


Ketamine, recently introduced into this country by Parke, Davis and Co, is a non-barbiturate general anaesthetic agent which may be given intravenously or intramuscularly. It is a derivative of phencyclidine and its chemical structure is shown in figure 1. The drug acts rapidly and produces marked analgesia without cardiovascular depression or significant respiratory depression; laryngeal and pharyngeal reflexes are said to be well maintained. The anaesthetic state produced by ketamine differs from that achieved with conventional anaesthetic agents. It is suggested that the drug produces somesthetic sensory blockade by selectively interrupting association pathways of the brain and this has led to the introduction of the term 'dissociative' anaesthesia 1.


The main purpose of the research presented is to theoretically investigate the effect of reusing software on metrics that are based on the entropy function of communication information. R.N. Chanon's (1973) entropy loading and E.T. Chen's (1978) control structure entropy were applied to C and Ada programs obtained from the open literature. Four units of decomposition (statement, component, module, and program) along Chanon's definition of an object were introduced to classify software reuse units. A total of three versions for each of the three programs were considered (optimum reuse, intermediate reuse, and no reuse). The lines of code metric was utilized to quantify the amount of nonreusable code in each of the versions of the programs. Pearson product-moment correlations were computed between the information theory based metrics and the lines of code metric. The results of this study show that there are significant correlations between the information theory based metrics and software reusability.<<ETX>>


The purpose of this work is to describe a hybrid approach for constructing intrusion detection systems that incorporates feature extraction algorithms and algorithms for tuning classifiers. In this paper, we construct the classification algorithm based on the invasive weed optimization algorithm and use the genetic algorithm (GA) to reduce the dimension of the feature space. The experimental results support the efficiency of the proposed approach for solving intrusion detection problems.


The acorn-producing oak Quercus crispula Blume is shade-tolerant and its seedlings were found to be underdispersed on the forest floor, forming seedling aggregations near fertile canopy trees. However, 84.4% of the seedlings were dead within 2 years, with the highest mortality near the adult canopy trees of Q. crispula. This was mostly due to the high levels of herbivory by lepidopteran larvae. The most serious damage was caused by spring consumers, which fed on the leaves of canopy trees in June and, when the food quality of the leaves declined, fell down to the forest floor to consume the juveniles, including the seedlings. Contrary to the expectation of the herbivore–host arms race theory, most of the herbivores were polyphagous. The most dominant spring consumer Telorta edentata (Leech) was also polyphagous, and its distribution on the forest floor showed a high level of association with the distribution of dead oak seedlings.


The main cause of the occurrence of malnutrition and the obstacles faced growth in children in connection with poor breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, coupled with high rates of infectious diseases, are the principal proximate causes of malnutrition during the first two years of life.. One of the key constraints in the provision of Breastfeeding because of the behaviour mother itself. Health Profile the City of Semarang 2015 show prevalence of Exclusive Breastfeeding 64,69 % and malnutrition status of 3,54 %. The purpose of this study was to analyzing the relationship of mother variables and early complementary feeding practices to the growth infant's age of 0-6 months in the Work Area of Poncol Community Health Centre. This study was analytic observational with cross sectional designed study. Population in this study was that mother have babies age 0-6 months were amount 291 mother with the total sample 60 mother who were selected with a simple random sampling. Analysis of data used the Pearson Product Moment, Rank Spearman and Chi-Square (p=0.05). The results showed the characteristic of mother most widely 20-30 year old (66,7%), have recent education graduated high school (58,3%), housewive (58,3%), give birth once (46,7%), are in the socioeconomic not poor (81,7%), mother have less and good knowledge (50,0%), attitude of lack (51.7%) and good of practice (68.3%) in early complementary feeding practices. As many as 73.3% of infants decreased in the last 3 months. There was no relationship between age (p = 0,346), parity (p = 0,859) and socioeconomic mother in early complementary feeding practices to the growth of infant's (p = 0,061). There was no relationship between knowledge (p=0,513), attitude (p=0,495) and practice mother in early complementary feeding to the growth of infant's (p= 0,725). There was a relationship between education (p = 0.045) and maternal work in early supplementary feeding for infant growth (p = 0,025). It was concluded that only education and maternal work in early complementary feeding practices to the growth infant's age of 0-6 months.


A key negotiation method is disclosed, which includes: supporting the Identity-based Encryption (IBE) is acknowledged (S101); the IBE public parameters for IBE encryption are determined according to the IBE public parameters provided by a client end (S102); notified are the IBE public parameters for IBE encryption and the server identity acting as the server public key to the client end (S103); a pre-master secret encrypted by the IBE is received and a clear text of the pre-master secret is acquired according to the public parameters and the server private key (S104). The IBE technique can be combined with the Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) technique, which saves the cost of building the network application layer and managing the Certification Authority (CA) and the overhead for maintaining a series of digital certificates.


Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to assess the role of phytoplankton in the pelagic ecosystems and other aquatic habitats. The earliest suppositions to the effect that phytoplankton is the 'grass' of aquatic food chains and that the production of the ultimate beneficiaries (fish, birds and mammals) is linked to primary productivity are reviewed in the context of carbon dynamics and energy flow. The outcome has a bearing upon the long-standing problem of phytoplankton overabundance and related quality issues in enriched systems, its alleged role in detracting from ecosystem health and the approaches to its control. The chapter begins with an overview of the energetics and flow of primary product through pelagic ecosystems, especially seeking a reappraisal of the relationship between biomass and production. Material transfers and energy flow in pelagic systems One of the essential components of ecological systems is the network of consumers that exploit the investment of primary producers in reduced organic carbon compounds. Some of these are re-invested in consumer biomass but much of the food intake is oxidised for the controlled release of the stored energy in support of activities (foraging, flight, reproduction) that contribute to the survival and genomic preservation of the consumer species in question. In thermodynamic terms, the food web serves to dissipate as heat that part of the solar energy flux that was photosynthetically incorporated into chemical bonds (see p.355).


Fibroblasts of Carbohydrate Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome (CDGS) patients synthesize smaller lipid-linked oligosaccharides and incorporate less [3H]-mannose into glycoproteins than controls. Adding mannose, but not glucose, to the culture medium simultaneously corrects both lesions, suggesting that CDGS cells lack sufficient mannose for normal glycosylation. Since mannose for glycoprotein synthesis is assumed to come from glucose, CDGS patients could have defective enzymes in this pathway. Here we show that these enzymes are normal in five CDGS cell lines. This suggests that much of the mannose for glycoprotein synthesis in fibroblasts may come from other, as yet unidentified, pathways.


In this article,the recent pharmacological studies of fufangdanshen prescription\,Danshen and San\|qi on the platelet functions and mechanisms are summarized.Fufangdanshen prescription,the crude extract of Dan\|Shen\,lipophilic fractions\,aqueous fractions,the total notoginsenosides\,the fraction of panoxatriol saponins\,the fraction of panaxadiol saponins and the ingredients of notoginsenosides(except the fraction of panaxadiol saponins)could inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion in different levels.Many researchers also investigated the pharmacological effects on GMP\|140\,the system of TXA\-2/PGI\-2\,cAMP\,Ca 2+ ,etc.It's valuable to write this paper for the mechanisms of fufangdanshen prescription revelations.


A series of fragments of temnospondyl amphibians are described from a bone bed in the Steinmergelgruppe of Medemach, Luxembourg. Much of the material is attributable to one of the two most derived genera of the Plagiosauridae, subfamily Plagiosaurinae, either Gerrothorax or Plagiosaurus, but is not determinate at generic level. Other material is attributable to the Capitosauridae and probably belongs to the terminal genus Cyclotosaurus but is not strictly determinate. The presence of a derived plagiosaurine together with? Cyclotosaurus supports an Upper Triassic age for this fauna but does not permit any finer resolution.


Indonesia is law state such as inserted in constitutional 1945.Legitimation Indonesia as law state have the impact that all attitudehave to relevance by law. Similarly act such as saving in the bank. Thelaw Number 10 year 1998 concerning change of the law Number 7 year1992 concerning the banking stated the definition account saving asfollows: "account saving is savings who can be taken accord agreementof parties only, but it can't be taken with check, billyet, giro ect". Thedefinition of account saving upon explain implicitly that terms ofagreement of saving surrender parties (pay attention of sentence"according specialist term by parties"). The sentence upon is normblanked should facilitate the child for saving independent according ofthe best interest of the child principle. But the banking decided use thegeneral law about legal capacity one forbidden the child savingindependent. The law one forbidden the child saving independent isgoing to give impact such as is blocked protective of law to interestchild are for live, grow and develop for prepare the future their selves.Salving independent by the child are growth and developmentpsychologically. According a research by Child and Youth FinanceInternational said "the human one saving since child period is betterthan the human don't save since child period. It's mean attitude savingis going to become the child find best growth and the bestpsychological development.


Optically pumped lasing has been observed in solution-processed perovskite semiconducting materials, CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I). Self-assembled Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavities have been easily obtained by using a simple "cast-capping method", where we can obtain single-crystal-like optical cavities. The observed spectra show clear multimode lasing of the FP cavities under pulsed optical excitation. The mode intervals are well explained by the optical constants with large dispersions of the materials. The obtained refractive index around the lasing area coincides with the results in the previous reports.


The first volume is a series of papers presented at an international symposium at Blaubeuren-Tübingen in July 2004, published to coincide with the 150th anniversary of the Neander Valley discovery. Whilst explicitly concerned with the origins of modern humans in Europe and the fate of the Neanderthals, this is an excellent collection of papers which encompasses a variety of perspectives, written in a refreshingly non-polemical, discursive manner. Although not divided thematically, the papers are grouped by shared focus. Conard reviews the history of research into questions of interaction and extinction, and the emergence of behavioural modernity as an area of interest in itself. His paper underlines a primary focus of the collection as a whole: that such complex issues cannot be addressed with reference to monocausal explanations, but are


The strength of concrete is developed quickly with the help of micro-wave pre-heating,autoclave curing and suitable accelerator and it can reach a higher value in two and a half hour.The relationship between the strength developed quickly in two and a half hour and that cured on the standard condition for 28 days is set up.The strength of concrete in civil engineering can be controlled synchronously.


The authors examine four of the leading contributors to estimate uncertainty and assert that a broad-based approach to risk management spanning all of an organization's projects will be most effective in mitigating the penalties for estimate error. om DeMarco recently made a significant throwaway statement when he said "the software cost estimation problem is solved."1 He made this comment during a lecture at a European conference on software estimation. You could consider this a contentious statement, since upwards of 100 participants were there to consider the latest estimation and sizing methods. However, DeMarco's point is essentially correct. Almost all people involved in software estimation, whether they are consultants, tool vendors, researchers, or software managers, would agree that to get good estimates you need estimation methods and models based on your organization's performance, working practices, and software experience. DeMarco understood this as early as 1982.2 However, a major problem remains: although software managers know what to do, they just don't do it. In our view, the main reason for this paradox is that managers do not understand how to use estimates correctly. In particular, they usually do not handle properly the uncertainty and risks inherent in estimates. This article discusses the sources of uncertainty and risk, their implications for software organizations, and how risk and uncertainty can be managed. Specifically, we assert that uncertainty and risk cannot be managed effectively at the individual project level. These factors must be considered in an organizational context.


Abstract
 A description is provided for Crutarndina petractoides, reported from living bark of smooth-barked trees, especially Corylus avellana. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (South Africa), North America (Bahamas, Canada (British Columbia), USA (Alabama, California, Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, Tennessee)), South America (Ecuador), Asia (Singapore), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands)), Europe (France, Ireland, Lithuania, Norway, UK)). This species is routinely used in the British Isles and Norway as an indicator when making ecological assessments, particularly temperate rain forest, and specifically as an indicator of ecological continuity, particularly in the west of Ireland and the west of Scotland.


User engagement has become an essential aspect of research in technology, marketing, and social media. Measuring and analyzing user engagement has gained significant importance due to its ability to provide valuable insights to assess engagement responses from online users engaged in published content. Previous studies have devised various methods to effectively analyze data, with statistical approaches commonly used as techniques. However, statistical approaches often struggle to effectively handle categorical variables, for which interpretation becomes limited and less informative, also failing to capture the structure and dependencies inherent in categorical data. Therefore, Apriori approach that defines association rules to generate patterns based on user frequent itemset is adapted to identify UGC patterns for user engagement in public health social media. This study aims to generate association rules based on UGC data and identify UGC patterns for user engagement. The frequency of UGC data such as like, link click, share, and comment was analyzed using Apriori approach with support and confidence thresholds. The result shows that 16 association rules were generated based on UGC data. Five with 100%, three with 90%, one with 60%, three with 50%, one with 40%, and three with 30%. It can be concluded that the Apriori approach can be used in identifying the pattern of user engagement on public health social media other than buying and selling of market basket transactions.


Dealing with pathological tissues is a very challenging task in medical brain segmentation. The presence of pathology can indeed bias the ultimate results when the model chosen is not appropriate and lead to missegmentations and errors in the model parameters. Model fit and segmentation accuracy are impaired by the lack of flexibility of the model used to represent the data. In this work, based on a finite Gaussian mixture model, we dynamically introduce extra degrees of freedom so that each anatomical tissue considered is modelled as a mixture of Gaussian components. The choice of the appropriate number of components per tissue class relies on a model selection criterion. Its purpose is to balance the complexity of the model with the quality of the model fit in order to avoid overfitting while allowing flexibility. The parameters optimisation, constrained with the additional knowledge brought by probabilistic anatomical atlases, follows the expectation maximisation (EM) framework. Split-and-merge operations bring the new flexibility to the model along with a data-driven adaptation. The proposed methodology appears to improve the segmentation when pathological tissue are present as well as the model fit when compared to an atlas-based expectation maximisation algorithm with a unique component per tissue class. These improvements in the modelling might bring new insight in the characterisation of pathological tissues as well as in the modelling of partial volume effect.


The voltage regulation of generators was recognized to be an important factor in central station operation as early as the first installation of the Edison bi-polar generator. At the time these generators were first installed it was found that owing to the poor regulation of the prime movers, which were very poor regulating engines, that with fluctuating loads lighting was not very satisfactory when connected to the same dynamo which operated power loads, and in order to produce constant voltage a regulator, which was practically an automatic rheostat having the rheostat switch controlled by a solenoid, was designed.


In this paper, the temperature characteristic of ultrasonic fountain is investigated. The experimental results show that the rising rate of temperature in the fountain, when free-jetting, increases with the fountain height, and increases more rapidly at the height near the surface, and reaches the maximum at the near top of the fountain. And the rising rate increases rapidly when beam-jetting, and it is higher for fully-path jetting and cylindroconical tube beam-jetting than that for half-path jetting and cylindrical tube beam-jetting respectively, and whether what beam-jetting is adopted, the rising rate will tend to saturation after about 1 minute.


This work was supported by a Ramon y Cajal fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RYC-2011-07943) and a Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (PCIG11-GA-2012-321888) to J.d.-T., a Juan de la Cierva fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness to M.T. (JCI-2011-10381) and grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CGL2011-26341 and CGL2016-80577-P to E.R.S.R. and CGL2012-37423 to J.d.-T.).


Metabolic fitness of T cells is essential for their vitality, which is largely dependent on the behavior of the mitochondria. The nature of mitochondrial behavior in tumor-infiltrating T cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that mitofusin-2 (MFN2) expression is positively correlated with the prognosis of multiple cancers. Genetic ablation of Mfn2 in CD8+ T cells dampens mitochondrial metabolism and function and promotes tumor progression. In tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, MFN2 enhances mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact by interacting with ER-embedded Ca2+-ATPase SERCA2, facilitating the mitochondrial Ca2+ influx required for efficient mitochondrial metabolism. MFN2 stimulates the ER Ca2+ retrieval activity of SERCA2, thereby preventing excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and apoptosis. Elevating mitochondria-ER contact by increasing MFN2 in CD8+ T cells improves the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Thus, we reveal a tethering-and-buffering mechanism of organelle cross-talk that regulates the metabolic fitness of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and highlights the therapeutic potential of enhancing MFN2 expression to optimize T cell function. Description MFN2-mediated mitochondrial–ER contact tunes Ca2+ mitochondrial influx and reinforces tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Editor's summary Organelle cross-talk plays a fundamental role in cell biology, but how this cross-talk controls tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells (TILs) is not understood. Yang et al. investigate the role of MFN2 in CD8+ TILs, identifying that mitochondrial interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is required for metabolic fitness and antitumor activity. Through interaction with SERCA2 on the ER, MFN2 was required for mitochondria-ER contact and Ca2+ homeostasis. MFN2 expression was associated with better survival in patients with cancer, and promoting MFN2 expression in CD8+ T cells improved response to immune checkpoint blockade in mice. Together, these findings identify a critical role for MFN2 in regulating the metabolism, function, and survival of CD8+ T cells and suggest that boosting MFN2 expression is an attractive avenue for improving immunotherapy. —Hannah Isles


Abstract : A method of item factor analysis based on Thurstone's multiple factor model and implemented by marginal maximum likelihood estimation and the EM algorithm is described. Statistical significance of successive factors added to the model is treated by the likelihood ratio criterion. Provisions for effects of guessing on multiple choice items, and for omitted and not reached items, are included. Bayes constraints on the factor loadings are found to be necessary to suppress Heywood cases. Numerous applications to simulated and real data are presented to substantiate the accuracy and practical utility of the method. Analysis of the power tests of the Armed Services Vocational Battery shows statistically significant departures from unidimensionality in five of eight tests.


In the present specification, the interactive textiles. Interactive touch textiles - and a grid of conductive threads woven with the interactive textile to form a capacitive touch sensor configured to detect the input. Interactive textile may process the touch input to generate a touch data used to control a variety of remote devices. For example, interactive textiles can help users to control or stop the movie playing on the TV or select a Web page on your desktop computer to the stereo volume. Due to metastability Multiplexers (flexibility) of the textile, interactive textiles can be readily integrated within the flexible objects, such as clothing, handbags the field fabric case, caps and the like. By at least one implementation, for example, a plastic cup, a hard case, and other injection molding (injection molding) into the interactive textiles and so on of the smart phone, interactive textiles can be integrated into various hard objects (hard object).


In order to see the effect of crystallinity and surface conditions of various oxides and hydrous oxides on the sorption of metal ions, the sorption of tracer concentration (~10"M) of neptunium(V) on naturally-occurring iron minerals (goethite, hematite, magnetite), synthetic iron oxide powders (a-Fe203 and Fe304) and laboratory-prepared hydrous iron oxides (a-FeOOH and amorphous hydrous iron oxide) was studied as a function of pH. The sorption was found to strongly depend on the crystal structure as a-FeOOH > amorphous > a-Fe203, Fe304. Hydrous oxides heat-treated at various temperatures were also examined to see the effect of structural changes. The hydrous oxides retained their original α-FeOOH and amorphous structure below 200°C, while both gradually changed into a-Fe203 above 300°C. For the hydrous oxides heat-treated at above 300°C, the sorption was qualitatively correlated with their crystallinities. Intense crushing and grinding of the natural hematite and magnetite resulted in higher sorption of Np(V) than the synthetic powders at lower pH, presumably owing to freshly exposed surface conditions.


A system to innovate craftworks is introduced, which is an integrated one of AI, DATABASE and VR. It is a modularized system following software engineering. Since the whole process of the craftwork innovation is considered,the system possesses closed combination of CAD and CAM.


In Malaysia's construction industry, there are no specified statement that outline a construction manager's competencies. Traditionally, the position of project manager are mainly claim out by the architect or the civil engineer. But however there are several problem that found out by studies which is architect and engineers lack in management skills. Although quantity surveyor can handle on the procurement and contract documentation work, but they are still lack in management skill compare with construction manager. CIDB (Plan, 2006), described that, project performance in Malaysia design faults had contributed a mean of 50% to quality failures, and construction faults by 40%, and lastly material with only 10%. Where half of the failure are contribute by construction stage where under the management of construction manager. It have the possibilities that the required skills and knowledge are not sufficient for construction manager in Malaysian industry. It is important to find out which competencies that the industry emphasized on.


According to the analysis of characteristics of calibration target marker images,an automated off-line calibration method for C-arm camera model is proposed.The method can extract the markers information from images automatically applying clustering algorithms.Through the row and column index table,the problem of the orientation recognition of the marker mesh is simplified and the correspondence between markers coordinates in image coordinate system and those in spatial coordinate system can be established automatically.Basing on this correspondence,the geometric distortion can be corrected and the C-arm camera model calibration can be performed.This automation method is proved to be robust by experimental results and the error is less than 1 mm.The method can be applied in the surgical navigation system based on operative C-arm fluoroscopy.


Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common cause of hereditary endometrial cancer (EC). Screening EC patients for LS varies by institution and current strategies employ tumor testing and/or family history approaches. Ultimately a LS diagnosis is made by genetic testing. In this study, we evaluated upfront multi-gene panel testing (MGPT) in unselected ECs for improved identification of LS and to determine the frequency of pathogenic variants (PVs) in other cancer susceptibility genes (CSGs).

Methods: EC patients were prospectively enrolled at nine Ohio institutions, 10/1/2017 - 12/31/2020. All patients had clinical germline testing for forty-seven CSGs. Mismatch repair (MMR) immunohistochemistry (IHC), MLH1 methylation and clinicopathologic data were abstracted from patients' records. Detailed family history data were obtained for all subjects.

Findings: 29 of 961 EC patients (3·1%, 95% CI 2·1 – 4·3%) were found to have LS. PMS2 PVs were most frequent (11/29), followed by MSH6 (10/29), MSH2 (6/29), and  MLH1 (2/29). Tumor IHC was concordant for all MLH1 and  MSH2, and 9/10 MSH6 heterozygotes. For  PMS2, tumor IHC and germline status concordance was 80% and family history was not predictive of LS. An additional 68 (7·1%) women had likely pathogenic (LP) or PVs in 16 other CSGs. Twenty-one patients had LP/PVs in high penetrance CSGs. Of note, 10 patients (1·04%) had PVs in BRCA1 or BRCA2, with a significant excess of type-II ECs among  BRCA heterozygotes.

Interpretation: Prospective MGPT in a large, unselected EC cohort revealed that a majority of LS diagnoses are attributable to low-penetrance genes. MGPT substantially increased LS diagnoses by capturing patients who had equivocal IHC findings or for whom tumor screening was not performed. The finding that 97/961 (10%) women in this cohort have actionable CSG variants supports a role for upfront MGPT for all women with EC.

Funding: This research was funded by an Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center Statewide Pelotonia Cancer Impact Award.

Declaration of Interest: HH is on the scientific advisory boards for Invitae Genetics, Promega, and Genome Medical. HH has stock/stock options in Genome Medical and GI OnDemand, outside of the submitted work. DC is a COVID response consultant for Kane Logistics, he receives honoraria as Deputy Editor of Gynecologic Oncology and as an author for Up to Date, and he also holds patents: 1) "MicroRNA-based methods and compositions for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of ovarian cancer using a real-time PCR platform" Patent number 9,499,869 B2, issued November 22, 2016 Cohn DE, Alder HJ, Croce C, Resnick KE; 2) "Chimeric VEGF peptides" Patent number 8,080,253 B2, issued December 20, 2011 Kaumaya PTP, Cohn DE, all outside of the submitted work. JMs wife is employed by Pfizer Inc. JN declares consulting roles for AstraZeneca, Curio, and Clovis Oncology; speakers' bureau for Clovis oncology and Merck; and has received a research grant from Zodus Medical Inc, all outside of the submitted work. CB has received honoraria as a speaker for OncLive and for an oral boards review course by Perinatal services, outside of the submitted work. SS reports speakers' bureaus for AstraZeneca and Merck, outside of the submitted work. KR's partner is SS with previously listed disclosures. PJG received an award from Promega, outside of the submitted work. MDL, RP, CC, AC, AS, DB, SW, SA, EJ, AC, and RN declare no competing interests.

Ethical Approval: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) at each participating center with OSU serving as IRB of record.


The presence of Apabhraṃśa in tantric Buddhist texts has long been noted by scholars, overwhelmingly explained away as an example of "Twilight language" (saṃdhā-bhāṣā). However, when one looks closer at the vast number of Apabhraṃśa verses in this canon, one finds recurring patterns, themes, and even tropes. This begs for deeper study, as well as establishing a taxonomy of these verses based on their place and use. This paper focuses on a specific subset of Apabhraṃśa verses: "goddess songs" in maṇḍala visualization rituals. These verses are sung by yoginīs at specific moments in esoteric Buddhist ritual syntax; while the sādhaka is absorbed in enstatic emptiness, four yoginīs call out to him with sexually charged appeals, begging him to return to the world and honor their commitments to all sentient beings. When juxtaposed with other Apabhraṃśa verses in tantric Buddhist texts, these songs express an immediacy and intimacy that stands out in both form and content from the surrounding text. This essay argues that Apabhraṃśa is a conscious stylistic choice for signaling intimate and esoteric passages in tantric literature, and so the vast number of Apabhraṃśa verses in this corpus should be reexamined in this light.


The present study was undertaken to explore the possible causes of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced disappearance of ATPase‐positive, epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). Monodelphis domestica was used because it has the capacity for photoreactivation of UVR‐induced pyrimidine dimers in epidermal DNA. Single, 330 J/m2 (ears) or 500 J/m2 (back) UVR exposures (FS‐40 sunlamps) reduced the numbers of ATPase‐positive epidermal LC in M. domestica ears to ~15% of those in unirradiated ears and ~37% of those in unirradiated dorsal skin. Immediate 90‐minute exposures to photoreactivating light (PRL, 320–400 nm) post‐UVR reversed the effects of the UVR, resulting in ATPase‐positive LC numbers not being significantly different from controls. Exposure to PRL immediately proceeding UVR did not prevent ATPase‐positive LC disappearance. The photoreactivation of UVR‐induced ATPase‐positive LC disappearance indicates that DNA damage (pyrimidine dimers) is involved in the loss of ATPase‐positive LC.


Photocatolytic process is one of the technologies with high efficiency and economizing energy for the removal of pollutant from water. In this paper, the influence factors such as particle size, pH value, surface modification of TiO2, canrier, exterior oxidants, composition of organic pollutants and others etc. ane summarized.


Two forms of magnetic head instability are investigated: Write and read instability. Write instability generates noise directly after writing which impairs sector-servo performance. This noise peaks at write currents saturating the apex or backgap. The noise amplitude is exponentially distributed. The noise is caused by cooling off of the yoke after write as well as by thermally activated domain wall jumps in the upper yoke. Read instability produces read pulse distortion, predominantly on the signal's trailing edges. The only form of instability in dedicated-servo drives, read instability is best characterized by pulsewidth measurements. The degree of instability changes with intermediate writes. Read instability is caused by hysteretic domain wall motion in the pole tips in response to signal excitation and/or stray magnetic fields. >


We introduce and study the nodal liquid, a novel zero-temperature quantum phase obtained by quantum-disordering a d-wave superconductor. It has numerous remarkable properties which lead us to suggest it as an explanation of the pseudo-gap state in underdoped high-temperature superconductors. In the absence of impurities, these include power-law magnetic order, a T-linear spin susceptibility, nontrivial thermal conductivity, and two- and one-particle charge gaps, the latter evidenced, e.g. in transport and electron photoemission (which exhibits pronounced fourfold anisotropy inherited from the d-wave quasiparticles). We use a (2+1)-dimensional duality transformation to derive an effective field theory for this phase. The theory is comprised of gapless neutral Dirac particles living at the former d-wave nodes, weakly coupled to the fluctuating gauge field of a dual Ginzburg–Landau theory. The nodal liquid interpolates naturally between the d-wave superconductor and the insulating antiferromagnet, and our effective field theory is powerful enough to permit a detailed analysis of a panoply of interesting phenomena, including charge ordering, antiferromagnetism, and d-wave superconductivity. We also discuss the zero-temperature quantum phase transitions which separate the nodal liquid from various ordered phases.


O NE approach to the prevention of dental caries is to form a protective coating on the 0 tooth surface. Long chain aliphatic amines have been used for this purpose (Green, R. W., and Walsh, J. P.: J. D. Res. 30: 218, 1951). The use of silicones in dental practice has been reported (Phatak, N., Savara, B. S., and Dement, J.: J. D. Res. 34: 788, 1955, and Savara, B. S., Phatak, N. K., and Dement, J. A.: J. D. Res. 37: 24, 1958), and many coating materials show promise for dental applications (McGregor, R. R., Silicones in Industry, New York, 1954, McGraw Hill). For a coating to be successful it should adhere to the enamel surface for a reasonable length of time and be resistant to wear, and to the action of salivary enzymes and their products. Coatings prepared from organic derivatives of silicone, phosphorus, and titanium were chosen as most likely to meet these requirements.


Contemporary artists seeking new forms of landscape representation often look to the example of Robert Smithson. Smithson shifted his artistic practices outside of the studio (as with `earthworks' like the Spiral Jetty), seeking to replace the tradition of pastoral landscape painting with a focus on `sites of time'. Roxy Paine's artworks from the 1990s to 2005 similarly engage temporality on multiple levels, encompassing time scales linked to brief organic lifetimes and the immensity of geologic time. This article examines the ways in which Paine and Smithson offer examples for new conceptualization of the visual arts' intersections with geographical traditions like that of landscape.


This paper examines an ideal pension system that would prevent an increase in net pension liabilities and redress intergenerational inequalities. The direction of pension system reform that this paper proposes is to limit the amount of pension benefits to the sum of premiums, state contributions, and yields on investment of reserves, and also to minimize the burden on the insured of premium payments. This reform would have roughly the same effect as a switchover to a funded system. It will be, however, no easy task to carry out this kind of reform, because the reform requires a politically unacceptable step: to request those generations already receiving pensions and those who have paid pension premiums to accept reductions in the amount of pension that the government has pledged to pay. One possible means to deal with this problem is to withdraw the reserve funds, which are now over 100 trillion yen. However, withdrawal of the reserves would reduce the opportunity of future generations to use the funds and yields on investment of the funds. Any attempt to reform the pension system will cause conflicts of interests between generations. This is why the government should positively disclose the outlook for its pension finance, mainly net pension liabilities, and information about intergenerational disparities to provide the public with data for objective discussions on a more desirable form of public pension.


The invention provides a backup frame electric lifting device for a vehicle. The backup frame electric lifting device is simple in structure and convenient to use, and is characterized in that an L-shaped installation pipe formed by a vertical pipe and a horizontal rod connected with the vertical pipe is included, the horizontal rod is used for being inserted in a frame at the tail portion of the vehicle, the vertical pipe is fixed outside an outer sleeve pipe, a lifting pipe moving up and down is inserted in the outer sleeve pipe, a connection pipe is fixed at the lower end of the lifting pipe, an electric pushing rod is arranged in the lifting pipe, a telescopic head of the electric pushing rod is fixed at the lower end of the lifting pipe, a connection seat of the electric pushing rod and the outer sleeve pipe are fixed, and the lifting pipe is controlled to extend out of or retract into the outer sleeve pipe through stretching out and drawing back of the electric pushing rod. The installation pipe and the frame at the tail portion of the vehicle are connected, so that the loading and unloading heights are reduced, and transporting is facilitated.


The design and construction of an optical transport that brings synchrotron radiation from electron bunches to a fast streak camera in a remote area has become a useful tool for online observation of bunch length and stability. This paper will report on the temporal measurements we have done, comparison with simulations, and the on-going work for another imaging optical transport system that will make possible the direct measurement of the longitudinal phase space by measuring the bunch length as a function of energy


A fan comprises a casing 50 having an air inlet 14 and outlet, and an impeller housing 74 mounted on an annular seat 86 within the casing. An impeller 60 is provided within the impeller housing for generating an air flow from the inlet to the outlet, through the impeller housing. A motor 64 for driving the impeller is located within a motor housing, which is connected to the impeller housing. An annular seal 88 is located between the impeller housing and the seat. At least one resilient support 114, 116 is also provided between the impeller housing and the seat to reduce the load on the annular seal. The at least one resilient support may extend about the annular seal. The at least one resilient support may comprise a plurality of resilient supports, and may comprise a spring 114. The annular seal may be formed from a closed cell foam material.


Concern for the increasing susceptibility of processor structures to transient errors has led to several recent research efforts that propose architectural techniques to enhance reliability. Howeve...


We used 1064-nm pulses with durations of 1, 5, 9 ns to measure laser-damage thresholds of 10 porous silica antireflection coatings deposited from both methanol and ethanol solutions containing silica particles with diameters of 10-20 nm. The median thresholds measured at the three pulse durations, 10.8 J/cm/sup 2/, 26.5 J/cm/sup 2/, and 38 J/cm/sup 2/, scaled as pulse duration to the 0.56 power. 4 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.


Abstract The presence of an impurity and thermal vibration influence on the atom-atom collision cascade development is analysed by the computer simulation method (the modificated dynamic model). It is discovered that the relatively low energetic cascades are localized with the temperature increase of an irradiated crystal. On the basis of the given effect the mechanism of splitting of the high energetic cascades into subcascades is proposed. It accounts for two factors: the primary knocked atom energy and the irradiated crystal temperature. Introduction of an impurity also localizes the cascades independently from the impurity atom mass. The cascades localization leads to intensification of the process of annealing in the cascades and reduction of the post-cascade vacancy cluster sizes.


There are few studies on the effect of multiple vulnerabilities to health disparities identified in the AHRQ 2012 report on secondary stroke prevention. We examined the effects of 5 vulnerability domains (race, age, region, health insurance and income) on the prescription of secondary stroke prevention medications at discharge following hospitalization for an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in a large, national cohort of patients admitted to unselected hospitals. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of admissions for AIS between 2003-2012 within the REGARDS cohort. Discharge medications, insurance status, and age at time of stroke event were obtained from hospital records. Race, region and income Results: 664 participants met the inclusion criteria. 132 (20%) of the study participants had ≥ 3 vulnerabilities (v score of 3-5). Participants with ≥ 3 vulnerabilities were more likely to be black (80.3%), > 75 years old (63.6%), and to report income Conclusion: The presence of multiple vulnerabilities was associated with lower adherence by healthcare providers to secondary stroke prevention recommendations for discharge prescriptions.


Background: Pancreatitis is a major public health problem with high associated economic costs. Accumulated research and empirical evidence suggests that excessive alcohol consumption is a major
risk factor for both acute and chronic pancreatitis. In line with this evidence we assume that devastating
combination of higher level of alcohol consumption per capita and drinking of vodka results in a close
association between binge drinking and pancreatitis mortality at the aggregate level in Russia.


Excerpt To the editor: Leier and colleagues (1) have recently reported on the cardiovascular effects of ophthalmic timolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker commonly used to treat chronic glaucoma. We rep...


An authority on chronic fatigue syndrome has been accused of "cooking" the results of research linking the syndrome to organophosphates in a case awaiting judgment in the High Court in London.

Peter Behan, professor of neurology at Glasgow University and honorary consultant neurologist to teaching hospitals in Glasgow, admitted there was an error in a paper published last year in the Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine . Professor Behan was an expert witness for John Hill, a former farm worker bringing a test case for compensation for organophosphate poisoning.

Mr Hill is …


Fatigue-resistant elastomers have been prepared using various metal oxides as fillers in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based elastomers. The judicious choice of inorganic fillers produced elastomers that were stable under cyclic testing at elevated temperatures. These experiments were carried out using the Mechanical Energy Resolver, an instrument modified to reduce testing time from approximately 6 weeks to 60 h. Four elastomers showed stable storage moduli, were creep resistant, and showed less than 1% weight loss after 60 h. By comparison, a formulation prepared with alumina as the filler showed high rates of creep and greater than 10% weight loss. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 1633–1641, 1998


We study two n-player sequential network formation games with externalities. Link formation is tied to simultaneous transfer selection in a Nash demand like game in each period. Players in groups can counterpropose. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for efficiency in terms of cyclical monotonicity. The n-player group version always yields efficiency.


The objective of the presented study was to look at the effect of Pratylenchus coffeae and Meloidogyne spp., the two major nematode species associated with banana ( Musa spp.) in North Vietnam, on the plant growth and yield of cv. Grand Naine (AAA) and four local banana cultivars, Ngu Tien (AA), Hot (BB), Ben Tre (AAA) and Tay Tia (ABB). Inoculated plants were compared with nematode-free control plants in terms of plant growth, crop cycle duration and yield under field conditions in Hanoi, North Vietnam. Infection with P. coffeae did not affect the crop cycle duration or the plant height, the pseudostem girth or the number of standing leaves at harvest of any of the cultivars, but did significantly reduce the bunch weight of cv. Ngu Tien from 6.6 to 5.3 kg (20% reduction), the bunch weight of cv. Tay Tia from 7.3 to 5.9 kg (19% reduction) and the bunch weight of cv. Grand Naine from 6.9 to 6.0 kg (13% reduction). The bunch weight of cvs Hot and Ben Tre was not significantly affected. The number of hands of the inoculated and the control plants did not differ for any of the cultivars but infection with P. coffeae resulted in a 34% reduction in the number of fingers of cv. Grand Naine (from 67 to 44 fingers). The number of fingers of the other cultivars were not affected by inoculation with P. coffeae. Infection with Meloidogyne spp. did not affect the time from planting to harvest for any of the cultivars, but the time from planting to shooting was increased from 367 to 387 days for cv. Ngu Tien. The plant height and the pseudostem girth at harvest of cv. Grand Naine were significantly reduced by 27% and 18%, respectively. The number of standing leaves as well as the plant height and the pseudostem girth at harvest of the other cultivars were unaffected. Infection with Meloidogyne spp. significantly reduced the bunch weight of cv. Ngu Tien from 6.6 to 5.1 kg (23% reduction) and the bunch weight of cv. Grand Naine from 6.9 to 5.6 kg (19% reduction). The bunch weight of cv. Hot was unaffected. Infection with Meloidogyne spp. reduced the number of hands of cv. Ngu Tien by 14% (from 6.2 to 5.4 hands) the number of fingers of cv. Grand Naine by 25% (from 67 to 50 fingers). The number of hands and fingers of the other cultivars were not affected. The results indicate that in areas where the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, is not present, other nematodes, especially Meloidogyne spp., may become more important in terms of damage and yield loss.


We estimate the electromagnetic effect of the spectator charge on azimuthal anisotropies observed in heavy ion collisions. For peripheral Pb+Pb reactions at the top energy of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron, √ sNN = 17.3 GeV, we predict this effect to bring very large distortions to the observed directed flow, v1, of positive and negative pions emitted close to beam rapidity. The overall magnitude of this effect is comparable to values of v1 reported by the WA98 experiment. We argue that also at lower rapidities, the spectator induced electromagnetic effect may result in the splitting of values of v1 observed for positive and negative pions. Such a splitting is visible in the data reported by the STAR Collaboration from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan. Both effects are sensitive to the space-time scenario assumedfor pion emission. Therefore, they bring new information on the collision dynamics.


Abstract To investigate factors influencing nucleation of air clathrate hydrates in polar ice sheets, we have performed high-resolution mapping of the distributions of soluble impurities, air bubbles and air- hydrate crystals versus depth in the Dome Fuji Antarctic ice. Significant correlation observed between the concentrations of air inclusions and impurities in ice along with frequent occurrence of impurities inside hydrate crystals suggest that micro-inclusions promote hydrate nucleation in the ice matrix. Our observations also show that the diffusive macroscopic-scale redistribution of air constituents in ice in the bubble-hydrate transition zone is controlled by the original sedimentary layering of soluble impurities acting as nucleation helpers. The results of this study are important for the correct interpretation of high-resolution gas analyses of ice cores and for better understanding the global bubble-to-hydrate transformation process in polar ice sheets.


A series of novel 12α-alkoxycarbonyl thiosemicarbazide molecular tweezers based on 3α-(1-naphthoyl) deoxycholic acid methyl ester were synthesised under microwave irradiation. Their structures were characterised by 1H NMR, IR, MS spectra and elemental analysis. Their chiral recognition properties for the methyl esters of amino acids were investigated. The preliminary results showed that these molecular tweezers have good enantioselective recognition for D/L-amino acid methyl esters.


Abstract Objective: To examine whether the maternal renal interlobar vein impedance index (RIVI) as assessed by first trimester ultrasonography is able to predict the later development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods: Venous Doppler parameters of both maternal kidneys were studied in 214 pregnant women at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. Subjects were classified according to the outcomes related to hypertensive disorders. Detection rates and areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were determined for the maternal RIVI impedance as a first trimester predictor for preeclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH). Results: Among the 214 patients, 22 developed PE (10.3%), 10 developed GH (4.7%), and 182 were unaffected by hypertensive disorders (controls) (85%). In the overall study population, there was no difference in the RIVI between the right (0.44; 0.35–0.50) and left side (0.43; 0.35–0.53), p¼0.86. The average RIVI did not differ among women destined to develop PE (0.46; 0.38–0.57), GH (0.39; 0.33–0.46), or pregnancies uncomplicated by hypertensive disease (0.42; 0.37–0.50), p¼0.16. Area under ROC curve analysis demonstrated that RIVI was not predictive of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Conclusion: Maternal RIVI should not be considered a first-trimester marker of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.


Derivatives are an important part of the process of financial innovation that swept global markets. The growth of derivatives has so many implications on the economy in general and for the environment in which the monetary policy operates. This paper examines the impact that presence of derivatives markets has on the monetary policy transmission mechanism. The effects of derivatives markets is analyzed independently for each of the main channels of monetary policy transmission: interest rates, exchange rates and credit. The conclusion of this paper is that derivatives have a monetary nature that has to be recognized by central banks and included in its monetary targets.


Adoptive T‐cell therapy involves the isolation, expansion, and reinfusion of T lymphocytes with a defined specificity and function as a means to eradicate cancer. Our research has focused on specifying the requirements for tumor eradication with antigen‐specific T cells and T cells transduced to express a defined T‐cell receptor (TCR) in mouse models and then translating these strategies to clinical trials. Our design of T‐cell‐based therapy for cancer has reflected efforts to identify the obstacles that limit sustained effector T‐cell activity in mice and humans, design approaches to enhance T‐cell persistence, develop methods to increase TCR affinity/T‐cell functional avidity, and pursue strategies to overcome tolerance and immunosuppression. With the advent of genetic engineering, a highly functional population of T cells can now be rapidly generated and tailored for the targeted malignancy. Preclinical studies in faithful and informative mouse models, in concert with knowledge gained from analyses of successes and limitations in clinical trials, are shaping how we continue to develop, refine, and broaden the applicability of this approach for cancer therapy.


Programmers desiring to make the career move from the role of Programmer to that of Manager should be aware of the skills that comprise a manager's skill set, and define a plan of how to acquire those skills. Gaining that initial management title is a challenge, as those recruiting are usually seeking experienced managers. The more elements of the manager's skill set a candidate can acquire prior to seeking a management position the greater the chance of earning that first position. The "Manager's Skill Set" can be defined by using the following groups of skills: Project Management, Personnel Management (incl. recruiting and hiring candidates, as well as evaluating and developing employees), Communication, Negotiation, Team Motivation, Conflict Resolution, and Financial Management. Examples of these skills include: the ability to set clear performance expectations, improve underperformance, and reward high achievers (Personnel Management); the ability to negotiate deliverables, timelines, or work schedules (Negotiation); the creative use of both financial and non-financial incentives to reach goals (Team Motivation); and an understanding of financial performance expectations and how to influence them (Financial Management). Fortunately, there are ways to acquire these skills without holding a position with others reporting directly to you. For example, you can acquire skill in evaluating job candidates by participating in interviews and candidate evaluations. You can learn basic financial measures through online research or by speaking with someone in your Finance Department. Finally, working with your current manager or another mentor toward this career goal can be the best approach.