This paper presents an unsupervised Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) approach to extract percussive sounds from monaural music signals. Due to unconstrained NMF cannot discriminate between percussive, harmonic or singing-voice components in the decomposition process, we propose a novel method to extract percussive sounds based on the anisotropic smoothness of percussive chroma. Thus, percussive sounds can be discriminate because chroma from percussive sounds clearly draws lines along the chroma. Under a NMF framework, a timedomain signal related to a component is labelled as percussive is the energy distribution of its chroma is approximately flat. This proposal does not require information about the number of active sound sources neither prior knowledge about the instruments nor supervised training to classify the bases. Real-world audio mixtures composed of Harmonic/Percussive and Harmonic/Percussive/Singing-voice sounds were evaluated. Experimental results showed that the proposal was effective compared to state-of-the-art methods. An interesting advantage of the proposal is that it can remove most of the singing-voice components from the extracted percussive signals. Keywords–Non-negative matrix factorization; Sound source separation; monaural; percussive; chroma; spectral flatness; distortion;


The notion of Equality of Opportunity (EO) has pervaded much of economic and social justice policy and research over the last half century. The sense that differences in agent outcomes that are the consequence of their individual choice and effort are acceptable, whereas variation in agent outcomes that are the consequence of circumstances beyond their control are not has underpinned much gender, race, education and family law and policy over that period, making it a many dimensioned issue. Here a new approach to evaluating levels of and changes in EO which readily accommodates these many dimensions is introduced and progress in the extent of equality of opportunity in the United States is studied over the period 1960-2000. The evidence is that gains were made in all categories throughout the period, more so for boys than girls (though girls were better off in an EO sense to start with), more so for children in single parent circumstances, and more so for the poorly endowed.


This article concerns the problem of ensuring the security of the tag-based Physical-Layer Authentication (PLA) schemes under multiple cooperative attackers. This problem is important and challenging because of the following reasons. First, if more attackers launch a cooperative attack, the success probability of launching an eavesdropping attack will be improved. Second, based on a cooperative communication system, cooperative attackers can launch more advanced attacks, e.g., a cooperative attack that traps the legitimate user to re-transmit the same tag again. Thus, it is challenging and desirable to construct a secure tag-based PLA scheme under multiple cooperative attackers. For effectively defending against a cooperative attack under multiple coop-erative attackers, we propose a new tag-based PLA scheme, referred to as the PLA with the Detection of a Cooperative Attack (PLA-DCA) scheme. The basic idea of the PLA-DCA scheme is to utilize the extra noise in a replayed signal, since a replayed signal inevitably changes the distribution property of receiver noise, e.g., increment of the noise variance. Then, we implemented the proposed scheme and conducted extensive performance comparisons to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme. We evaluate the security of various schemes through equivocation, which represents the uncertainty of estimating a tag. From the simulation results, we verify that the proposed scheme provides higher security than the prior tag-based PLA schemes.


The multi-objective optimization is to optimize several objective functions over a common feasible set. Since the objectives usually do not share a common optimizer, people often consider (weakly) Pareto points. This paper studies multi-objective optimization problems that are given by polynomial functions. First, we study the convex geometry for (weakly) Pareto values and give a convex representation for them. Linear scalarization problems (LSPs) and Chebyshev scalarization problems (CSPs) are typical approaches for getting (weakly) Pareto points. For LSPs, we show how to use tight relaxations to solve them, how to detect existence or nonexistence of proper weights. For CSPs, we show how to solve them by moment relaxations. Moreover, we show how to check if a given point is a (weakly) Pareto point or not and how to detect existence or nonexistence of (weakly) Pareto points. We also study how to detect unboundedness of polynomial optimization, which is used to detect nonexistence of proper weights or (weakly) Pareto points.


Olefin hydroformylation is a widely used process, both on large scales and in fine chemistry, with catalyst reuse still being one of the main objectives. In recent years, developments in the immobilization of catalysts on solid supports that enable their recovery and reuse when applied in catalytic hydroformylations of aromatic and aliphatic olefins have resulted in a boost in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. This review presents the most relevant results reported over the last five years with regard to the development and use of supported catalysts in mesoporous materials, hydrotalcite, carbon materials, and nanoparticles for catalytic hydroformylation of olefins. A critical analysis of the results, especially in the context of reusability and leaching issues, is presented.


Since the late 1960s, hydrogen temperature is known
to have a significant effect on high frequency combustion
instabilities in liquid propellant rocket engines with the propellant combination hydrogen and oxygen. In the framework of experimental investigation of high frequency
combustion instabilities at the DLR Institute of Space Propulsion in Lampoldshausen, self-excited combustion
instabilities were found in an experimental rocket engine combustor with the propellant combination hydrogen / oxygen at a hydrogen temperature of 95K. In order to analyse the influence of hydrogen temperature on these self-excited combustion instabilities, a hydrogen temperature ramping test run was performed. The hydrogen temperature was varied between 40 and 135K.
In agreement with previous test runs, highest amplitudes
of the 1T mode were found for hydrogen temperatures
around 100K.


On the basis of recently (re)discovered documents, the paper discusses the family tree of the Jewish Lasker dynasty, originating from Lask in Poland, formerly Prussia. The common forefather of all Laskers was Rabbi Meier Hindels, who lived around 1700. In Germany, the most successful of his descendants was Dr. Eduard Lasker (1829-1884). He was a lawyer, co-founder of the National Liberal party, and in his lifetime the most conspicuous parliamentary opponent to Reich Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Germany owes him a considerable part of its present day legal structures in criminal, civil and public law. His younger brother Moritz/Morris (1840-1916) settled in Texas and became a prominent figure both in business and society. The Lasker family branch that he established in the United States is still flourishing today and has produced a number of personalities of public renown. While visiting his brother, Eduard Lasker died in New York in January 1884. Edward Lasker (1885-1981), a prominent US-based chess champion, descended from another family branch. One of his nieces, Anita Wallfisch-Lasker, wrote an autobiography that describes her ordeal as a member of the camp orchestra at Auschwitz.


CASI/SASI data covering the hongliugou hydrothermal metallic deposit, western altyn tagh mining districts, were used to map hydrothermal alteration minerals. The hyperspectral data were calibrated to apparent surface reflectance using the empirical line method and the method of radiative transfer model. The three methods of estimating apparent surface reflectance have been evaluated by using field spectral. Two spectral unmixing algorithms (MTMF and CEM) were applied to analyse imaging spectrometer data. The objective was to compare the performance of the two algorithms, in order to map surface hydrothermal alteration mineralogy in the hongliugou area. Altered rocks and faults in the district can be discriminated by use of mineral distribute images derived from CASI/SASI data.


An innovative breakthrough in computer science is cloud computing and involves several computers which are connected via the Internet or it is dispersed over a network. A large database, services, applications, software and resources are an integral part of this technology. It has the capability to operate a program or applications on numerous connected computers simultaneously and permits the users to enter applications and resources through a web browser or web service via the Internet anytime and anywhere. Current susceptibility in elementary technologies gravitates to expose doors for intrusions. Cloud computing offers enormous advantages such as cost reduction, dynamic virtualized resources, significant data storage and enhanced productivity. At the same time, numerous risks occur regarding security and intrusions, for example, worm can intercept cloud computing services, impair service, application or virtual in the cloud formation. Worm attacks are now more complex and resourceful making intruders more difficult to detect than previously. The motivation of this research is founded on ramifications presented by the worms. This paper presents different intrusion detection systems affecting cloud resources and service. Moreover, this paper illustrates how genetic algorithm can be integrated in detecting worm attacks in cloud computing more efficiently.


Polymeric nanoparticles having redox-active catechol moieties, a common structural motif found in naturally-occurring antioxidants, were developed. We synthesized an amphiphilic catechol-bearing polymer that self-assembled to form nanoparticles with a diameter of 126 nm. The nanoparticles showed enhanced ROS-scavenging activity compared to the small catecholic compound dopamine. Furthermore, the nanoparticles inhibited ROS-mediated angiogenesis as shown by the endothelial cell tube formation assay and the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.


Among cereals, durum wheat has a central role in the Italian diet and economy, where there is a historical tradition of pasta making. In the present study, we evaluated the nutrient and nutraceutical properties of 2 old and 6 modern durum wheat varieties grown under low input agricultural management. Considering the lack of available data on the adaptability of existing durum wheat varieties to the low input and organic sectors, the research aimed at providing a complete description of the investigated genotypes, considering the agronomic performance as well as the nutrient and phytochemical composition. The experimental trials were carried out at the same location (Bologna, Northern Italy) for two consecutive growing seasons (2006/2007, 2007/2008). No clear distinction between old and modern varieties was observed in terms of grain yield (mean values ranging from 2.5 to 4.0 t/ha), highlighting that the divergence in productivity, normally found between dwarf and non-dwarf genotypes, is strongly reduced when they are cropped under low input management. All durum wheat varieties presented high protein levels and, in addition, provided remarkable amounts of phytochemicals such as dietary fibre, polyphenols, flavonoids and carotenoids. Some of the investigated genotypes, such as Senatore Cappelli, Solex, Svevo and Orobel, emerged with intriguing nutritional and phytochemical profiles, with the highest levels of dietary fibre and antioxidant compounds. The study provided the basis for further investigations into the adaptability of the durum wheat genotypes to low input management, for the selection of genotypes characterised by higher yield and valuable nutrient and nutraceutical quality.


[Objective]To know the characteristics of food poisoning in Longyan city,so as to provide scientific foundation for establishing early warning system of food poisoning and finding best control methods.[Methods]The data of food poisoning in Longyan city from 2005 to 2009 were analyzed.[Results]There were 1 129 poisoning people with 1 death in 39 food poisoning cases.24 of 39 cases were bacterial food poisoning with 982 poisoning people;8 cases were chemical and toxic plant and animal food poisoning with 29 poisoning people;7 cases were unknownreason food poisoning with 118 poisoning people.The most food poisoning cases with the most poisoning people happened in the autumn,in the canteens.[Conclusion]The food poisoning cases are on a decreasing trend,the bacterial food poisoning is the main cause,and most occur in autumn,in canteens.


Supramolecular hydrogels formed through inclusion complexation between high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) showed the most sustained release kinetics in vitro with molecular weight of PEO of 35,000 within 5 days. To improve the sustained release and overcome using high molecular weight PEO, novel supramolecular hydrogels have been prepared by using biodegradable amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PEO–PCL) diblock copolymer instead of PEO. Rheologic studies indicate that the prepared hydrogel is thixotropic and reversible. The in vitro release kinetics of hydrogels has been studied by using fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dextran (dextran-FITC) as model drug. Compared with that of α-CD/PEO supramolecular hydrogels, the sustained release of α-CD/PEO–PCL supramolecular hydrogel was increased significantly even if with much lower molecular weight of PEO block. This result indicates incorporating hydrophobic PCL block could reduce the molecular weight of PEO required for long-term drug release system. The sustained release is also dependent on the α-CD content in supramolecular hydrogels. Thus, the properties of supramolecular hydrogel can be fine-tuned with different polymer and at different α-CD content, opening a wide range of applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008


An article shows the problem of existence the long-range dependencies in algorithmic computing. A brilliant idea of Turing machine, which is the basis of all theoretical considerations in the contemporary computer engineering, seems to be, from the system analysis point of view, only a complicated system that works only under an algorithmic processing mode. Meanwhile, taking into account the physical structure, the character of realized tasks and the interactive processing mode of nowadays computer systems, one may concluded that they are complex systems, whose analysis requires a definitely different approach. It will be achievable when the widest possible context, which requires: the complex systems approach, the proper thermodynamical analysis and the knowledge about the idea of paradigms changes will be taken. In the case of computer science, where the paradigm of algorithmic computing is changed towards interactive computing the problem of existence long-range dependencies is crucial because such a property degrade the performance of computer systems. The ancient rule divide and conquer (reductionist approach) canpsilat be used in the case of complex systems, because they are governed by Aristotle rule the whole is more that sum of its parts. Thus the analysis of modern computer systems requires the understanding of general laws that govern it as a whole and also a different, system approach that takes into account the long-range dependencies in time and space domain.


When I picked this book up, I feared that I might only have YABOO-Yet Another Book on Object-Orientation. But reading the book rewarded me with some interesting new thoughts on fairly familiar subjects. And it further reinforces some old thoughts on analysis, design, and the quest for universal answers. Readers already familiar with OO will find nothing especially radical in the authors' introductory concepts and definitions. Readers not familiar with OO will find useful, plain language definitions not claiming to break new ground through the use of esoteric jargon. (Let me get a mild complaint out of the way early. Although the title explicitly mentions 'analysis' and 'design', the authors do not demonstrate rigor or consistency in their use of the terms 'analyst', 'designer', and 'developer'. Sometimes it seems that 'developer' includes the other two, while at other times the authors draw clear distinctions between the three terms.) The authors note that software builders operate in a less-than-perfect world, where some sense of discipline about roles can help alleviate some potential problems: "In reality analysis and synthesis occur continually and in parallel during software development and maintenance. However, a software-engineering approach must impose some discipline on these activities, organizing analysts and developers so that the analytic results properly feed synthetic development." (p 4) Even though analysis and design typically occur with some overlap, we still must attend to their differences. I especially appreciated the authors' comments contrasting the intents of analysis and design. In reviewing the (much maligned) waterfall method and comparing it with spiral or incremental methods for developing software, they conclude that we cannot discover the one right way to do things for all times and all purposes: "Such a separation of analysis and design has the important advantage of clearly delineating what are analysis issues (understanding the functional decomposition of the problem) from what are design issues (creating control structures and modules). On the other hand, this separation requires a discontinuous transition from analysis to design that can prove to be a serious source of errors... The resulting blurring of analysis and design has the important advantage of supporting (even encouraging) a more incremental approach to development and promoting the continued consideration of problem-domain issues in design and implementation. There is, however the complementary danger of making design decisions during analysis ." (p 105-106) In addition, we see different levels of analysis and design. The authors suggest …


It has been a feature of the study of Old Saxon that there were ever only two well known, but usually out-of-print grammars, though a good edition of the Heliand and Genesis has been steadily available (in Behaghel's edition since 1882). Gallee's grammar has been with us since 1891, and Holthausen's since 1899. Other than glossaries to editions, we have had by way of dictionaries Sehrt from 1925 and Holthausen from 1953. The old style of grammar is normally short on syntax, but that gap was filled early by Behaghel's monumental Syntax des Heliand (1897). The OS pond seemed tranquil indeed. Ramat's grammar of 1969 followed the pattern of traditional historical grammars, but, by introducing phonemic analysis into the phonology, caused at least a ripple. Scarcely had the last wavelets exhausted themselves on the shoreline, when Cordes' 1973 Elementarbuch — the title suggesting to the unwary an up-dated Holthausen — made a real splash, for the normalized paradigms and familiar layout of the earlier grammars were replaced by a painstaking analytical presentation of graphemic variation. Here was a retrieval system for the basic evidence of linguistic structure, more in line with the


Since China has joined WTO, Guangxi agriculture economy now has to face with the consequent impact from international agriculture powers as well as its domestic disadvantageous position. And so how to meet the challenge and make necessary structure adjustment? This paper holds that Guangxi economy, in order to seek further development and be compatible with the comparative economic law, has to partake actively in world competition and adjust its structure, develop numerously the advantageous?special?rare and essential plantation.


Aim: The aim was to evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions, in a blinded experiment. In clinical routine the examiner can generally be influenced by the patient's history. Method: 62 patients with focal liver lesions, which could not be clearly differentiated and diagnosed by conventional ultrasound, were examined with contrast-enhanced (BR1, SonoVue®, Bracco) ultrasound and included in a blinded prospective and randomized study. The examinations performed on a Sequoia 512 (Acuson) in a coherent contrast imaging method were recorded by an S-VHS recorder and afterwards analyzed by an examiner who did not know the patient's history. The basis of the diagnosis was the dynamic appearance and enhancement of the ultrasound contrast enhancer in different phases of liver perfusion. The conformation of the diagnoses was made by corresponding reference methods, as computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy and clinical follow-up. Results: The following diagnoses were confirmed by reference methods: 18 patients with metastases, 4 hepatocellular carcinomas, 19 haemangiomas, 6 focal nodular hyperplasias, 13 patients with focal fatty infiltration and 2 patients with focal fatty sparing. 59 out of 62 patients with one or more liver lesions were correctly diagnosed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Conclusion: Second-generation ultrasound contrast enhancers improve the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant liver lesions considerably, especially in a blinded study.


bound by anions and possible alterations in the ability of the kidney to excrete the fixed base, owing to the excessively low Cl excretion in the urine, are the lines along which this investigation should be continued. Some confirmation of our data is found in the treatment of nephritic cedema advised by Lashmet.' His opinion, based on clinical observation, is that the acid reaction of the ash-content of the diet which he advocates is responsible for the ability of the kidney to excrete chlorides and reduce cedema.


No matter how carefully a distributed application has been specified, implemented, and tested, its network objects will crash unexpectedly due to power outages, human lapses, hardware faults, and software bugs. The OMG CORBA standard is becoming popular for interoperability and extensibility. However, fault-tolerance and reliability have not adequately been addressed yet. This paper describes the design and implementation of Piranha --a CORBA-based, graphical availability management and application monitoring tool. Piranha is unique in that it can be used to increase the availability of many CORBA applications, without complicating their development.


Colorless needlelike single crystals of the title compound are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of Sb(OAc)3 and H2SO4 (autoclave, 150 °C, 72 h, 87% yield).


Part 1: the challenge of ecology - environmental security and threats to survival, Gwyn Prins the challenge of politics - overcoming realist myopia, implementing rooted utopianism, Richard Falk the challenge of economics - will the poor always be with us?, Aruna Gnanadason the challenge of peace - militarism or the peace economy?, Paul Rogers the challenge of conflicting world views - transcendent or immanent, hard or soft?, Johan Galtung the challenge of science - limited knowledge or a new high priesthood?, Mary Midgley the challenge of philosophy - it's hard to think clearly when you're going under, Susan Khin Zow. Part 2: faith in creation, Anne Primavesi faith in politics, Konrad Raiser faith in justice, Julio de Santa Ana faith in peace, Roger Williamson faith in the faiths, Alan Race faith in purpose, John MacDonald Smith faith in embodiment, Sallie McFague.


The variation of Te(E/N) (where Te is the electron temperature) and the electron drift velocity W(E/N) in heavy inert gases is analyzed. Numerical results are presented which show that the forms of Te(E/N) and W(E/N) for low electric fields are determined to a large extent by the degree of ionization. The role of metastable atoms is studied using a xenon plasma with a high degree of ionization as an example; it is assumed that the energy distribution is Maxwellian. 15 references.


Comment on Liu et al, page [2531][1]

Chemokine production by thymic epithelial cells has been implicated in the recruitment of T-cell progenitors to the thymus. Here, Liu and colleagues show cooperation between the thymus and the parathyroid in chemokine-mediated thymus colonization.

In this issue


Amidst contemporary economic instability, intellectuals and policymakers from diverse ideological backgrounds have called for a restructuring of capitalism's institutional form. Yet this is a long-term project, involving not merely rebuilding the beleaguered financial sector and job creation. It will also involve attitudinal changes with regard to consumption, spending, and debt. In light of this, our society has opened an important intellectual window with regard to how we conceive of the market-driven vicissitudes of capitalism and political science educators have inherited a tremendous pedagogical responsibility in enabling their students to conceptualize such changes. Thoughtful consideration of capitalism's current form, and what may follow it, relies upon our ability get our students to critically consider contemporary economic structures. Yet recent psychological research has documented that, in many instances, what appears to be thoughtful and engaged action actually draws upon long-settled, prior knowledge so routine and scripted that true thinking actually becomes unnecessary. Such "automatic thinking" constitutes an impediment to the contemporary project of devising a more sustainable form of capitalism, and the critical reflection which such a project requires. This paper argues for the importance of exposing students to alien ideas, rooted in these recent insights on the problem of "automatic thinking." Building upon this research and my own classroom experiences, I argue here that utopian socialist thought potentially offers us a way to destabilize and de-center our settled understandings with regard to the proper economic order, an essential starting point to the post-crisis rebuilding.


Watersheds are natural sanctuaries with strong global consensus for protection and conservation due to the intrinsic services that they offer. A brief cross sectional case report in the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University (DMMMSU), Philippines watershed was conducted. This study aimed to assess the DMMMSU stakeholders' awareness and initiatives toward sustainable watershed resources management (SASWRM and SISWRM). This assessment became the basis in a proposed diagrammatic model to address resource management of DMMMSU watershed. A social-quantitative-descriptive approach was employed to study the 350 stakeholder respondents' awareness and initiatives using a structured questionnaire. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA with Scheffe's post hoc test. Results show that the respondents have a high level of awareness on the basic functional definition of watershed (SASWRM6 = 81%; SASWRM5 = 91%). They are also highly aware of the laws and Republic Acts in the Philippines that impose protection of watersheds (SASWRM3 = 98%). However, respondents appear to have low level of awareness that some anthropogenic activities such as siltation (SASWRM1 = 38%), infrastructure development and population growth (SASWRM 2 = 39%), and other environmental problems (SASWRM9 = 34%) may affect the quality of DMMMSU watershed. The respondents appear to be willing to participate in various initiatives to promote watershed resources management and sustainability. This includes joining clean-up drives (SISWRM5 = 97%), extension activities (SISWRM8 = 98%), willingness to become a watershed volunteer, (SISWRM10 = 98%), and reporting illegal environmental activities (SISWRM = 99%). Awareness and initiatives of respondents differ according to their social responsibilities. Local citizens appear to have low awareness (SASWRM1 = 42%; SASWRM2 = 36%) and initiative (SISWRM2 = 48%; SISWRM3 = 30%; SISWRM7 = 76%). In the proposed collaborative approach model, there must be close and collaborative relationship between and among the three actors: the stakeholders, the scientific community, and the local government to address the awareness and initiative issues that were exposed.


A quantitative spectral analysis of F- and G-type pre--main-sequence stars in NGC 2264 is presented. The programs stars were selected for having normal or nearly normal appearing spectra and a high probability of cluster membership. The metallicity (Fe/H) of NGC 2264 is shown to be quite homogeneous and equal to that of the Coma Cluster of stars. Comparison of the present and previous metallicity determinations from spectral quantification does not support any change in the heavy-element abundance at the Sun's galactocentric distance during the last 5 x 10/sup 9/ years. It does not appear that possible emission at the epoch of the photometry can explain the phenomenon either. The available visual and infrared color excess data and the correlation between spectroscopic and photometric luminosity indicators argue against the presence of neutral absorbers in the circumstellar dust shells. The previously suggested possiblity of anomalous values of the ratio of total to selective absorption which might vary from star to star is not supported by the data.


An adjustable chair was developed for children with cerebral palsy in Uganda. The chairs these children use today are custom made which means that they cannot be used when a child outgrows a chair. ...


Current guidelines recommend environmental control practices (ECPs) as part of asthma management. We investigated the relationship of caregiver health beliefs and asthma experiences to ECP use in homes of children with asthma. Caregivers of children with asthma (ages 2 to 6 years) completed a survey about indoor environmental exposures, ECPs, physician ECP recommendations, caregiver health beliefs and experiences (outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, emotional bother) regarding ECPs, child's respiratory symptoms, and medication use. Allergic sensitization was determined by skin prick testing. Children (n = 150) were 58% male, 91% African American, 42% from households with annual income <$25,000, and 63% had persistent asthma symptoms. Caregivers who had higher outcome expectancy were more likely to report use of ECP than those with lower outcome expectancy (smoking avoidance (70 vs. 33%), roach control (61 vs. 44%), pet avoidance (42 vs. 24%), allergen-proof mattress/pillow encasings (6 vs. 0%), carpet remo...


kinase), which is capable of robust phosphorylation of c-jun (Fig. 4) (5,6). In addition to activation of MAPK signalling pathways, NF-KB is activated by UVC exposure as well (7). In a series of elegant experiments, NF-KB activation was found to occur in the cytosol, without involvement of the nucleus, confirming the importance of extranuclear events in the UVC response. Cytoplasts, which were prepared to eliminate the nucleus, were found to be fully capable of NF-KB induction. Irradiated cytoplasts could readily activate a NF-KB-dependent human immunodeficiency virus (H1V)-luciferase construct (7). Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that cytoplasmic signalling pathways are necessary for early activation events after UVC irradiation.


Plant hormones are considered to play an important role in plant adaptation to drought and salt stress. The objective of the study was to investigate the changes in endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) in relation to differences in the salt resistance of maize genotypes. Two maize genotypes (SR 03 and Across 8023) were compared for changes in water relations, growth and tissue JA levels in response to 100 mM NaCl. Salt stress significantly reduced the shoot growth of both genotypes; however, SR 03 exhibited significantly less reduction in relative shoot fresh weight than Across 8023. Both genotypes showed an identical response to salt stress regarding plant water relations; therefore, genotypic differences in the salt resistance could not be attributed to changes in shoot turgor and these results were further confirmed by the response of both genotypes under equiosmotic stress (� 0.49 MPa) of either 100 mM NaCl or PEG-6000. GC-MS/MS analysis showed that salt stress did not alter shoot JA levels of both genotypes, however significantly increased the root JA levels of Across 8023. In contrast, root JA levels of salt-resistant SR 03 did not change by salt stress. Increase in root JA levels in response to stress treatments does not coincide with the growth inhibition of shoot in Across 8023. In contrast, both PEG and NaCl did not change the JA concentrations in both root and shoot tissues of SR 03. Growth assays with maize seedlings showed that JA supply in root medium inhibits shoot extension growth and both maize genotypes were sensitive to the inhibitory effects of JA. These results suggest that maize genotypes differ in JA accumulation during the first phase of salt stress and JA may indirectly be involved in leaf growth inhibition of the salt-sensitive genotype. In addition, our results also showed that treatment of salt-stressed plants with exogenous JA improved the Na + exclusion by decreasing the Na + uptake at the root surface.


Dear Sir, Our study, such as other previous ones, demonstrated that in about 21% of the cases there is a discordance in the HER-2/neu status between primary breast cancer and paired metastases or local recurrences. This discordance may be explained by some biological phenomena, such as primary tumor heterogeneity and neoplastic genetic instability, more frequent as a consequence of adjuvant endocrine therapy and/or chemotherapy. In their very interesting Letter to the Editor, Manjili and coworkers, reporting their preclinical results, suggested that HER-2/neu antigen loss may be due to the immune pressure in vivo and in vitro. They pointed out the attention on the role of HER-2/neu specific IFN-g-secreting T cells in the induction of HER-2/neu antigen loss or down-regulation of HER-2/neu expression. They also demonstrated, with in vitro studies, that IL-6 inflammatory cytokine would upregulate the expression of IFN-g Ra in SKBR3 human breast tumor line. On the basis of these results, Manjili and coworkers suggested that IFN-g Ra positive tumor clones had lost HER-2/neu expression in the presence of HER-2/neu-specific immune responses, IFN-g-producing T cells in particular, and became metastatic, while IFN-g Ra negative tumor clones continued to express this antigen in primary tumor lesions. This hypothesis is very exciting also from a pathological point of view. The relation between immune system and breast tumor is evident in many cases as chronic inflammatory infiltrate around and between the neoplastic cells. A classical example is represented by medullary carcinoma in which an heavy lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, with a predominance of T lymphocytes, is present around and between solid sheets of very atypical syncytial neoplastic cells (grade 3 according to Elston-Ellis). This type of tumor has a biological behavior less aggressive than a grade 3 infiltrating ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDC). Another pathological example, that can support the results of Manjili and coworker, is represented by the evidence that many high grade in situ ductal carcinomas (DCIS) have a positive HER-2/neu status, whereas in the majority of the cases the associated IDCs have a negative one. If we consider that in many cases early stromal infiltration from a high grade DCIS is morphologically associated to an heavy lymphocytic infiltrate (mainly T lymphocytes) around the ducts and the microinvasive foci, may be quite easy to hypothesize a strong correlation between T cell products, inflammatory cytokines and HER-2/neu status change. In our study we demonstrated that in the 11.4% of cases, HER-2/neu positive primary tumors had HER-2/neu negative paired distant metastases; otherwise, in 17.2% of cases the opposite phenomenon was described. Similarly, HER-2/neu negative primary tumors had HER-2/neu positive local recurrences in 13.3% of the cases. Considering our results, the hypothesis of Manjili and coworkers may explain the 11.4% of HER-2/neu positive primary tumors (4 cases) in which the paired metachronous distant metastases (3 in the pleura and 1 in the retroperitoneum) were HER-2/neu negative. We revised microscopically these 4 primary tumors and the paired metastases and we found an evident inflammatory infiltrate, mainly composed by T lymphocytes, in 2 primary tumors and in all the 4 metastatic sites. In conclusion, the discordances between primary tumors and paired distant metastases or local recurrences regarding the HER-2/neu status may have some different possible biological explanations, one of the most interesting and stimulating being surely represented by the hypothesis advanced by Manjili and coworkers. Nevertheless, to confirm the results obtained by Manjili and coworkers on in vitro studies, it is necessary to study the expression of IFN-g Ra on tissue sections in an adequate number of cases that, for statistical reasons, must be necessarily greater than the four cases described in our article.


This paper proposes and analyzes a round-robin style polling method and corresponding bandwidth allocati on scheme for hard real-time messages on the wireless LAN conforming to IEEE 802.11 standard. Directly considering the deferred beacon problem caused by the intervention of nonreal-time message, the bandwidth allocation scheme decide s the capacity vector that corresponds to the polling schedul e on CFP. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme not only enhances the schedulability of wireless network by up to 18%, but also yields more efficient schedule that provides more bandwidth for the non-real-time traffic up to 5.3%


A detailed theoretical survey on the potential energy surface for the CN+ CH3SH reaction is carried out at the BMC-CCSD//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level.The geometries,vibrational frequencies,and energies of all stationary points involved in the reaction are calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level.The results suggest that there are two different mechanisms and five pathways in the title reaction.SN2 substitution reactions are less favourable than the direct H-abstraction reactions kinetically and thermodynamically.The dominant channel is the C atom in CN attacking H atom in SH group to form HCN and CH3S with a pre-reaction complex and a post-reaction complex involved.The calculated reaction enthalpies are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data.


Cutaneous warts caused by human papillomavirus are benign proliferative lesions that occur at any ages in human lives. Updated, comprehensive and systematic evidence‐based guidelines to guide clinical practice are urgently needed.


The integration of supply networks to ensure timely and high quality information sharing between trading partners is an essential component in supply chain performance development. Electronic data interchange (EDI) and other interorganizational systems (IOS) are able to support these goals, however the diffusion of these systems throughout the supply chain is by no means guaranteed. Integration very often fails due to conflicting interests of the supply chain members and because of the lack of commonly accepted IT and process standards. We apply the Adoption Position model in a form of comparative case studies to explain the reasons of success and failure of recent IOS adoptions. We analyse several tiers of an international supply chain and derive the conclusion that the intention to adopt a specific IOS and the relative power relationship between trading partners together determine the adoption decision and the degree of collaboration within the supply network.


The objective of this study is to improve the quality of fried palm oil by rice husk ash (RHA)  adsorption. The RHA was prepared with and without acid treatment. For acid treatment,  rice husk was soaked in two different acids, one was 10 M HNO  3 for 24h, and other was 3M HCl for 3 h. Rice husk (200g) was suspended in 500 ml of acid, thereafter, it was washed  with distilled water to obtain pH 7 before incineration at 550  deg C for 12h. For untreated-RHA,  rice husk was incinerated at the same temperature without acid treatment. The RHA (20 g) was mixed with 100 g used oil and stirred at 500 rpm on electrical heater at 80 o C for 30 min  to perform adsorption process. The RHA was filtered out and filtrate oil was analyzed for  total polar compound (TPC), free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), color L* a* b* , and  viscosity. Results showed that the acids-treated RHA with HCl and HNO 3 could significantly  (p 0.05) for all determining quality parameters of the used oil.


In this paper, various elementary properties of vague groups and some properties of vague binary operations related with their associativity aspects are obtained. Furthermore, the concept of vague ...


1. Unsystematic change and the assumption of given and known possibilities and preferences Rational choice theory has been successful in drawing many testable implications from few extremely simple, even unrealistic, normative assumptions. One of these is that the decision-maker's possibilities and preferences are given and known by him prior to his choices. No doubt that the knowledge and constancy of preferences and possibilities is a reasonable assumption for many applications, but it is in no way a prerequisite of rational behavior. Indeed, economic models allow the growth of possibility sets through capital accumulation, and systematic preference changes through rational habit formation and addiction (eg. Becker and Murphy 1988). We study here a broad class of problems in which possibilities and preferences are subject to unsystematic change, but can be said to be given in a stochastic sense. In order to make our argument most clear and uncontroversial, we restrict the present analysis to seemingly riskless choices and judgments, in which final outcomes are stated in a deterministic fashion just before the individual's decision or judgment is sollicited. One of us has extended the argument against given preferences to choices among risky actions (Lévy-Garboua and Blondel 1995). The point we wish to make in this paper is that cognition plays a hidden but essential role in seemingly riskless situations whenever it is clear that the individual's choice determinants have changed in a way that was unpredictable. A careful scrutiny of the formulation of two characteristic problems may best convey the intuition of the argument. The first question was asked by Tversky and Kahneman (1981) :


According to the IPCC Second Assessment Report, climate change will lead to an alteration of the hydrological cycle and could have major impacts on regional water resources. India features a diverse range of wetlands, including high-altitude alpine lakes, littoral swamps in the form of mangroves and corals, and inland wetlands of various sorts. The Upper Ganga Ramsar Site is Uttar Pradesh's only Ramsar Site geographical distribution and may fluctuate as a result of climate change. Wetland reactions to climate change are frequently left out of global climate change models. The climate change adaptations must be incorporated into the economic development, planning, and implementation process.


There is a low permeability and low pressure in the oil filed in the northern of Shanxi,so the recovery is generally low.In the new century,oil price goes up day by day. Therefore,the study of microbial enhanced oil recovery in the oilfield in the north of Shanxi has great significance.Under learning the basic mechanism of microbial enhanced oil recovery,influencing factors,methods,and the basic situation,based on the geological conditions in the northern part of Shanxi,we analyzed the feasibility about microbial enhanced oil recovery method in there after some experiments.


The care and protection of children in all aspects of their lives takes on a different turn when subjected to a custody battle in the Family Court. Often they are described as "tug of love" children in the press. But as this analysis shows it is a "battle to be heard" by those in position to make decisions about the welfare of children. Due to the sensitive nature of the case which included allegations of abuse by one parent against another sometimes the Court asks experts in a field to provide a report in order to make decisions for the benefit and well being of the children. This analysis suggests that mindsets in the interview process become evident when discourse analysis is applied and may also indicate that judges may not be getting appropriate and comprehensive information or indeed, "the full story."


Concerns over lithium-ion battery safety and environmental impact have led to increased exploration of alternative energy storage systems. Of these, aluminum is of particular interest, being environmentally friendly, safe and easy to handle. In this work, we explore graphitic cathodes with an aqueous electrolyte (aluminum trifluoromethanesulfonate) and study their electrochemical performance. Finally, a reduced graphene cathode with tailored porosity results in an eco-friendly and inherently safe rechargeable battery with promising electrochemical performance


The present invention relates to oxygen barrier film structures and a method of using thereof. More particularly, the invention relates to oxygen barrier film structures comprising at least one substrate, a primer layer on at least one surface of the substrate, said primer comprising a mixture of at least one aqueous dispersion of polyurethane (A) and at least one water dispersible crosslinking agent (B); an oxygen and moisture resistant barrier coating onto said primer treated surface of the polymeric substrate; said coating comprising a mixture of at least one aqueous polyvinyl alcohol or its copolymers (C) and at least one crosslinking agent (D). Improved adhesion properties of the barrier coating on substrates such as polyolefin, polyester and polyamide are obtained.


Cosmic ray research field has entered a brave new world of precise direct measurements in the multi-TeV energy domain thanks to the success of the newest space-borne instruments. DAMPE is a satellite astroparticle detector aimed at probing cosmic ray electrons and gamma rays from few GeV to 10 TeV and cosmic ray nuclei between 10 GeV and few hundred TeV with un- precedented energy resolution. It was successfully launched in December 2015, providing, in particular, the first direct observation of a break in a cosmic ray electron plus positron spectrum around 0.9 TeV. DAMPE presents a unique opportunity of directly measuring the cosmic ray spectrum and composition close to the knee region. However, one of the most challenging limita- tions on the precision of such measurement arises from the simulation of hadronic interactions in the detector. In spite of the utmost thick and finely segmented calorimeter onboard DAMPE, the cosmic ray proton and nuclei energy measurements still rely significantly on the hadronic Monte Carlo simulation. In this contribution, we discuss the challenges of the hadronic Monte Carlo detector simulation for TeV--PeV particles and review the existing solutions. We also present an in-house software tool which allows connecting the high-energy hadronic event generators, used in CORSIKA and implemented in the CRMC package, to the GEANT4 tool kit. Finally, we dis- cuss preliminary simulation results with DAMPE setup based on this tool. Comparison with the alternative FLUKA simulation is presented as well.


Seismic vulnerability of an urban environment is characterized by the ability of buildings and structures to support seismic events (physical vulnerability) and by the ability of people to behave in a consistent and rational face a major event (social vulnerability). Constantine is a city with moderate seismicity but the level of risk is high because of urban concentration and topography of the site. The seismic risk reduction therefore requires assessing the physical vulnerability of its buildings. It is proposed in this paper an analysis of a group of buildings for residential use located west of the city, consisting mainly of relatively high buildings. Following a survey of a portion of the housing stock of this city, a seismic survey method was applied based on "observations" post-seismic. Vulnerability indicators are statistically related to damage through a vulnerability index "IV" to establish curves of damage (or vulnerability). These are used to estimate the level of damage that is likely resulting in damage cards. The goal is to develop an initial database of some of the housing stock in the Constantine city (knowledge of earthquake hazards, construction defects ...) to be used in the estimation of seismic risk and verification of seismic safety of existing buildings. Keywords: Earthquake hazard; Seismic vulnerability; Constantine city; damage.


A lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, L5178YR, that is over 100,000-fold resistant to methotrexate (MTX) has been developed. Previous work has demonstrated that the resistant line has dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) levels 300-fold higher than the sensitive parental cells, L5178Y. Resistant cells grown in the absence of MTX (L5178YR–) showed a similar level of DHFR activity. The increase in DHFR could be entirely accounted for by a corresponding increase in DHFR-specific mRNA and gene copies. Studies were carried out to determine whether these changes in the resistant cells were accompanied by karyotypic alterations. A detailed karyotypic analysis of the sensitive parental line (L5178YS) and the two resistant cell lines (L5178YR+ and L5178YR-) was performed. Although certain abnormal marker chromosomes were present in all three cell lines, the most striking consistent difference between the resistant and sensitive cells was the presence of a large, faintly banded region of intermediate staining intensity, termed a "homogeneously staining region" (HSR), inserted within a reduplicated part of chromosome 2. It was present in approximately 90% of resistant cells, and no more than one HSR was ever present in a cell. Hybridization in situ was performed to determine the chromosomal locations of DHFR genes. Utilizing a purified complementary DNA probe made from messenger RNA of the L5178YR+ cells, the genes were shown to be localized exclusively to the HSR.


The article proposes the systematization of factors affecting the formation of the financial strategy of industrial enterprises, according to four groupings: functional, organizational, innovative, investment. When developing the financial strategy of an automobile manufacturing enterprise, it is expedient to single out the main directions of its development and, accordingly, the sub-sections of the strategy. The main provisions of the main financial strategy of an automobile manufacturing enterprise should be directed and specified in certain target strategic norms and norms. The process of forming a financial strategy of an automobile manufacturing enterprise is the development of a system of certain managerial decisions that ensure the evaluation, preparation and implementation of a comprehensive strategic development program for the company.


2007 1973 Introduction • Study established in 1971 • Designed to examine fish forestry interactions following logging • 8 study areas were established •Each comprised of 18 to 36 cross-sections separated by about 3 meters • Cross-sections have been re-surveyed annually • Cross-sections were seen to be the most efficient means of characterizing the morphology of the study sites • Here we present the first major analysis of the temporal changes in channel geomorphology at the study areas and discuss the most appropriate monitoring techniques


All airand moisture-sensitive manipulations were carried out with standard Schlenk techniques under nitrogen or in a glove box under argon. Dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane were distilled over CaH2 under nitrogen. THF and toluene were distilled over benzophenone ketyl under nitrogen. MnO2 (Sigma-Aldrich Japan) , a l ly l bromide (TCI) , 1 ,1 ' bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (Fluka), 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (Kanto Chemicals), 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (TCI), and triphenylphosphine (Wako Chemicals) were used as received. [RhCl(C2H4)2]2, [RhCl(cod)]2, and ligand 7 were synthesized following the literature procedures. α-Arylpropargyl alcohols (precursors of aryl alkynyl ketones) were synthesized from the corresponding terminal alkynes and aromatic aldehydes following the procedure described in the literature. Arylzinc chlorides were prepared following the literature procedure. All other chemicals and solvents were purchased from Aldrich, Wako Chemicals, TCI, or Kanto Chemicals and used as received.


This study is densely packed with details on three components of the land-tenure system in the Ottoman Empire in its first two centuries, namely, the timar (rented public land), mu'lk (fee simple), and vakif (religious trusts) and on rural landownership and feudal rent. These topics fill the three long chapters of the book, followed by notes and a fairly extensive bibliography. The author attempts to compare these forms of tenure both with Western feudalism on one hand, and with Turkish and Muslim tenure systems on the other. The author implies that the Ottoman tenure system, as a source of revenue for the state and the large feudal lords, differed from both and was mainly a product of the historical conditions in which it evolved.


Here, we report on the development of a smartphone-based application (app) for the accurate and sensitive measurement of hemoglobin (Hb). Hb values obtained using the app correlated significantly (R2 = 0.976) with those obtained by an automated hematology analyzer. Bland–Altman analysis showed that the standard deviation of the difference between Hb measured by the two methods was 0.35 g dL−1 and the limits of agreement between the two methods were −0.62 to 0.75. A limit of detection of 0.66 g dL−1 was achieved using the app along with a 2 g dL−1 limit of quantification. Furthermore, measurement using the app was highly sensitive (94%) and specific (90%). The app was developed for a smartphone and it will be particularly useful in resource-limited conditions for the rapid, accurate, highly sensitive and specific assessment of anemia.


The financial system consists of specialized and non specialized financial institutions, of organized and unorganized financial markets, of financial instruments and services, which facilitate transfer of funds. Derivatives' being recognized as the best and most cost-efficient way of meeting the felt need for risk hedging in certain types of commercial and financial operations is the central premise of the paper. Defining derivatives in its first part, paper traces crest and trough of derivative trading by analyzing its growing importance in a countries economy. With a threshold that domestic derivative markets have not developed as much as the markets in developed countries or even the securities market in our own country this paper drives implication of derivatives on the volatility of the spot markets. Paper explains the current regulatory framework and concentrates on need and scope for new set of regulations for establishment and operation of National Multi Derivative Exchange. Advocating for establishment of NMDE paper depicts and suggests possible avenues for interlinking of existing regulators of derivative market as a subsidiary to the proposed NMDE. Paper further analyzes the minimum requirement for regulatory structure of NMDE and draws conclusion.


We have conceived a near-capacity code design for entanglement-assisted classical communication over the quantum depolarizing channel. The proposed system relies on efficient near-capacity classical code designs for approaching the entanglement-assisted classical capacity of a quantum depolarizing channel. It incorporates an Irregular Convolutional Code (IRCC), a Unity Rate Code (URC) and a soft-decision aided Superdense Code (SD), which is hence referred to as an IRCC-URC-SD arrangement. Furthermore, the entanglement-assisted classical capacity of an N-qubit superdense code transmitted over a depolarizing channel is invoked for benchmarking. It is demonstrated that the proposed system operates within 0.4 dB of the achievable noise limit for both 2-qubit as well as 3-qubit SD schemes. More specifically, our design exhibits a deviation of only 0.062 and 0.031 classical bits per channel use from the corresponding 2-qubit and 3-qubit capacity limits, respectively. The proposed system is also benchmarked against the classical convolutional and turbo codes.


The reason why accounting information in economic life play an important role,because the accounting information system generated by the accounting information can change or affect a variety of economic decision making,and then through the implementation of decisions,and guide rational allocation of resources,which is decision-useful financial accounting concept.Based decision-usefulness view,the historical cost measurement has been unable to adapt to the economic development and the impact of economic globalization,and the fair value based on market prices,the value of its decision-making to be significantly better than historical cost.In order to effectively achieve the accounting objectives of "decision-usefulness view",should improve the disclosure and content on the current fair value reporting,to build comprehensive income reporting model.


This paper describes a method of supervised learning based on forward selection branching. This method improves fault tolerance by means of combining information related to generalization performance and fault tolerance. The method presented focuses on the evolutive nature of the learning algorithm of Radial Basis Function Networks and employs optimization techniques to control the balance between the approximation error with and without faults. The technique developed is empirically analyzed and provides a simple and efficient means of learning fault tolerance. This is illustrated by examples taken from different classification and function approximation problems.


Designed to be a comprehensive guide to criticism on Yeats in this, the 50th anniversary of his death. Topics include Yeats' drama and the theatres for which he wrote, his occult interests, his use of language, and a new examination of Yeats from the viewpoint of contemporary criticism.


In biomedical research, various statistical methods are used to analyze data collected from studies to provide statistical inferences of the unknown parameters of interest. The analysis results up to a few decimal places are usually obtained for scientific validity. The use of different number of decimal places, however, may alter the conclusion of the analysis results. A typical example is the assessment of bioequivalence for generic approval in bioequivalence studies. In practice, there is no uniformly accepted cut-off standard for the numbers of decimal places in biomedical research. In this paper, following the concept of signal-noise in quality control and assurance, we propose a simple procedure in determining the number of decimal places for providing a valid statistical inference and assurance in biomedical research. Based on a non-central t distribution, the proposed procedure is able to control the largest rounding error when considering rounding up the data to certain decimal places. In other words, the proposed method could control the worst possible error adjusted for standard deviation by selecting an appropriate digit that meets the criteria that the non-central parameter is less than a pre- specified critical value. Statistical justification of the proposed procedure was provided and illustrated through a simulated dataset.


We report a patient with pseudoaneurysm of internal mammary artery bypass graft that was treated with local thrombin injections by percutaneous approach. The patient is a 72-year-old female with extensive history of coronary artery disease. She underwent coronary artery bypass surgery initially in 1984 and redo bypass surgery in 1998 (with placement of a sequential LIMA graft to second diagonal and left anterior descending artery). A year after the bypass surgery, she was readmitted to the hospital for evaluation of transient ischemic attacks. During diagnostic work-up, cardiomegaly was noted on a routine chest X-ray, prompting further cardiac evaluation. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization revealed a large pseudoaneurysm at the site of insertion of LIMA graft into the second diagonal artery (Fig. 1). Cardiac MR imaging quantified the size of the lesion to be about 2.5 2.3 cm (Figs. 2 and 3). Given the large size of the pseudoaneurysm, the patient was at higher risk for catastrophic rupture. A percutaneous transthoracic approach to treat the pseudoaneurysm by local thrombin injection was felt to be not feasible due to the location of the pseudoaneurysm, with substantial risk for injury to internal organs. In addition, the prior cardiac surgeries placed the patient at high risk for bleeding due to adhesions if repeat cardiac surgery was attempted. Therefore, percutaneous coronary artery intervention was felt to be the best approach to treat this condition. An attempt was made to thrombose the pseudoaneurysm using a surpass perfusion balloon. An IMA guiding catheter was placed at the ostium of the internal mammary artery to gain access to the pseudoaneurysm. The perfusion balloon was placed at the entrance site into the pseudoaneurysm and was inflated at 1.5 atm for about 30 min. Contrast angiography and MRI studies at the end of the procedure demonstrated continued patency of the pseudoaneurysm with brisk flow (Figs. 4 and 5). About 2 months later, an attempt was made to coil-embolize the pseudoaneurym percutaneously. An IMA guiding catheter was placed at the ostium of the internal mammary artery to gain access to the pseudoaneurysm. A double-marker Tracker catheter was placed into the pseudoaneurysm and about 20 GDC coils of various sizes were delivered into the aneurysm. Coil sizes varied from 5 mm 15 mm to 20 mm 30 mm. The procedure was terminated when further coils could not be introduced into the pseudoaneurysm. Angiography with the Tracker catheter in situ showed no filling of the pseudoaneurysm. However, on removing the Tracker catheter, the pseudoaneurysm continued to fill, suggesting the presence of at least two loculated sacs (Fig. 6). A repeat cardiac MRI 1 month later demonstrated the continued presence of pseudoaneurysm with an increase in size to 3.5 cm 2.3 cm (Fig. 7). In view of the continued expansion of the pseudoaneurysm, a decision was made to proceed with direct local thrombin injection. An IMA guiding catheter was placed at the ostium of the internal mammary artery to gain access to the pseudoaneurysm. A target Tracker infusion catheter was placed in the pseudoaneurysm and 2,000 international units of thrombin in 4 cc of saline was infused into the cavity. This injection was repeated again after demonstration of continued flow into the pseudoaneurysm. During the procedure, blood flow into the distal LAD was compromised but responded quickly to administration of intracoronary


Across healthy adult life our brains undergo gradual structural change in a pattern of atrophy that resembles accelerated brain changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, using four polygenic risk scores for AD (PRS-AD) in a longitudinal adult lifespan sample aged 30 to 89 years (2-7 timepoints), we show that healthy individuals who lose brain volume faster than expected for their age, have a higher genetic AD risk. We first demonstrate PRS-AD associations with change in early Braak regions, namely hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala, and find evidence these extend beyond that predicted by APOE genotype. Next, following the hypothesis that brain changes in ageing and AD are largely shared, we performed machine learning classification on brain change trajectories conditional on age in longitudinal AD patient-control data, to obtain a list of AD-accelerated features and model change in these in adult lifespan data. We found PRS-AD was associated with a multivariate marker of accelerated change in many of these features in healthy adults, and that most individuals above ∼50 years of age are on an accelerated change trajectory in AD-accelerated brain regions. Finally, high PRS-AD individuals also high on a multivariate marker of change showed more adult lifespan memory decline, compared to high PRS-AD individuals with less brain change. Our results support a dimensional account linking normal brain ageing with AD, suggesting AD risk genes speed up the shared pattern of ageing- and AD-related neurodegeneration that starts early, occurs along a continuum, and tracks memory change in healthy adults.


The energy losses of nonrelativistic electrons moving along a spiral in plasma are determined on the basis of kinetic theory. It is assumed that then mean thermal velocity of plasma electrons is considerably lower than that of light. General expressions are developed for electric and magnetic fields created by electrons in plasma. The expressions are used for calculating then intensity of radiation emitted by electrons in the fundamental (s = 1) and multiple (s = 2, 3,...) harmonics. (R.V.J.)


It is said that empirical results of the photoelectric effect have no classical justification and then are used for deduction of the famous relation E = hν as an alternative way to Planck's deduction. We show that these results are in fact justifiable by the classical theory of electromagnetism and then this way can not be a valid manner for obtaining this relation. Using the presented discussions simple justification of the Rayleigh scattering and of the action mechanism of laser are presented in support of the validity of the discussion.


This paper focuses upon a fateful moment in the life of a Spanish student of physical education called Guillem (a pseudonym) in which the reading of a particular text as part of his course requirements instigated a powerful identity crisis. Biographical data are provided to contextualize the crisis and the impact it had on the life of this student. Next, the strategies used by Guillem to resolve his identity crisis are considered and the problems of self-change are highlighted. Finally, attention is given to the implications of this case for those who seek to engage in critical forms of pedagogy.


This article discusses the problem of register in both Chinese-English and English-Chinese translation from the level of speech sounds, lexicon, sentence and paragragh. By quoting examples, the author points out that one cannot understand and express translation without register analysis. In the process of translation, translator should ensure the representation of the register features of the source text in the target text, so that the target text can realize equivalance in effect.


BACKGROUND
The antineoplastic activity of AZD3409 was evaluated in relation to paclitaxel in human breast (MDA-MB-231, BT-474) and ovarian (A2780, A2780cp) cancer cell lines. Biomarkers of apoptosis, protein prenylation, survival, angiogenesis and cellular growth were determined.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTS assay, and apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL. Biomarkers were measured by Western blots and ELISA.

RESULTS
The IC50 concentrations of AZD3409 in MDA-MB-231, BT-474, A2780 and A2780cp were 19.16, 5.69, 3.19, and 8.86 microM, respectively. The corresponding apoptogenic EC50 concentrations were 6.81, 4.15, 1.54 and 4.59 microM.

CONCLUSION
Famesylation of HDJ-2 was inhibited in all cell lines. Secretion of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-1 were inhibited in the breast lines but augmented in the ovarian lines. AZD3409 increased Akt activation in breast lines and decreased it in ovarian lines, without effect on MEK or ERK activation. AZD3409 cytotoxicity is mediated in part by inhibition of farnesylation.


Objective: to study the severity of carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in the Uzbek population, depending on the level of PCSK-9 and the genetic polymorphism E670G of the PCSK-9 gene.Material and methods. The study included 57 patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia (HeFH, group I). The comparison group consisted of 144 patients with SCAD without HeFH divided into two subgroups: A - statin free before the research (n=63) and B (n=81) who took it as outpatients; control group consisted of 17 healthy people. The level of proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) was measured with Human Proprotein Convertase 9/PCSK9 ELISA Kit (MULTI SCIENCE, China). The genetic typing of PCSK9 E670G (rs505151) polymorphism was performed by means of the PCR-RFLP method.Results. A comparison of the results of duplex scanning of carotid arteries in patients with HeFH showed that the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) on the left (1.14±0.18 mm, P<0.01) and on the right (1.15±0.16 mm, P<0.01) was higher, than in the comparison group: 1.05±0.17 mm and 1.04±0.18 mm, respectively. The studies revealed a positive correlation between the incidence of Myocardial infarction (MI) in the history in patients with HeFH and the (r=0.38, P<0.05). The CIMT also correlated with an increase in the concentration of PCSK9 (r = 0.31, P <0.05) in the blood and the carriage of the G allele of polymorphism E670G (r = 0.39, P <0.05) of the PCSK9 gene.Conclusion. Inpatientswithheterozygousfamilialhypercholesterolemia in the Uzbek population a direct correlation was established between Myocardial infarction in the history, the carotid intima-media thickness, an increase in the concentration of PCSK-9 in the blood and the carriage of the G allele of E670G polymorphism of the PCSK9 gene, that allows them to be used as prognostic markers for the risk of development of cardiovascular complications.


Nowadays, companies frequently work with their customers in contract-order with fixed and cyclic delivery dates. The exact delivery quantities are usually known only a few days before the delivery. This kind of contract is found very frequently, especially in the big distribution and the automotive sectors. The utilisation of classical methods of production management does not seem efficient enough to face this kind of demand. This paper presents a methodological framework for the implementation of cyclic production modes. We consider a factory which produces n items in a facility and which is confronted with a cyclic demand: each item is ordered relative to a cyclic delivery schedule with a mean quantity for each delivery. We propose, on a medium-term level, a set of methods (optimal and heuristic) to build cyclic production schedules. Then we compare these methods and specify how and when they can be used. Finally, a more general use of these methods and the possible extensions are discussed.


Dynamic properties of polymethylvinylsiloxane (PMVS) filled with filler-blends composed of carbon black (CB) and silica (SiO2) were investigated using an advanced rheometric expansion system. A variety of weight fraction of CB to SiO2 were 0/100, 10/90, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, 90/10, and 100/0, and a bifunctional organsilane, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasurfane, was used to facilitate the filler dispersion. The results reveal that the incorporation of CB/SiO2 filler-blends into PMVS result in a reduced Payne effect. This effect reaches a minimum when the ratio of CB/SiO2 approaches 1, and then it began to rebound with the ratio increase. Meanwhile, a characteristic Newtonian viscosity plateau appearing in low frequencies also significantly decreases, depending on the amount of CB or SiO2 added. On the basis of a simplified Fowke model, we ascribe this phenomenon to the deteriorated filler network, which is predominantly induced by the totally different surface activity between CB and SiO2. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3477–3482, 2006


The authors describe the effort expended by the Westinghouse Owners Group (WOG) in developing human-factored emergency response guidance in response to requirements imposed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) following the accident at Three Mile Island. They also address additional human-factors concerns identified in NRC audits of plant-specific emergency operating procedures, which were developed from the generic WOG guidance. Particular emphasis is placed on the development of an example guideline format and writing style that enables the efficient transfer of the appropriate information to the operator during transients and accidents. Concerns identified by the NRC in its audits of plant-specific emergency operating procedures are discussed together with utility responses and suggested resolutions to these audit findings.<<ETX>>


The disposition of allochthonous masses, emplaced in late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary time, along the Cuilco-Chixoy-Polochic strike-slip fault zone in western Guatemala, constrains the amount of Tertiary displacement. The absence of major disruption of the allochthons argues against lateral displacements of hundreds of kilometers during the Tertiary. In westernmost Guatemala, along the flank of the Cuilco-Chixoy-Polochic fault, granite, volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks, minor carbonate and phyllite comprise a sequence of south-dipping allochthons. These tilted slabs lie against almost horizontal Jurassic and Cretaceous beds to the north. Field relations indicate that the slides were emplaced across the Cuilco-Chixoy-Polochic fault from south to north probably during late Cretaceous or early Tertiary time. Other fault-bounded masses, which crop out tens of kilometers eastward, near San Sebastian Huehuetenango, probably were emplaced contemporaneously with those to the west. Locally, these allochthons lie astride the active trace of the Cuilco-Chixoy-Polochic fault along which offset streams record about 1 km of left-lateral motion. Total displacement recorded by the apparent offset of allochthonous sheets is no more than several kilometers. Farther east, along much of the Cuilco-Chixoy-Polochic fault zone, a throughgoing strike-slip trace has not been identified. We postulate that the pre-Tertiary tectonic record is obscured by an extensive series of allochthons composed of regional stratigraphic suites emplaced during late Cretaceous time. In western Guatemala stratigraphic relationships between serpentinized peridotite and carbonate beds of late Cretaceous age indicate Turonian as a maximum age for initial emplacement of allochthonous material. Regional relationships indicate that deformation culminated during latest Cretaceous - earliest Tertiary time. The emplacement of thrust sheets along the Cuilco-Chixoy-Polochic fault is a likely product of contemporaneous Cretaceous convergence along the Motagua zone to the south. Collision of the Chortis terrane against southern Yucatan resulted in crustal shortening, uplift, and consequent northward-directed emplacement of slides. Allochthons, composed of ultramafic rocks, sedimentary cover and, less commonly, granitic rocks, were probably derived from the suture zone and the uplifted region between the Cuilco-Chixoy-Polochic and Motagua faults.


Aims: Our aim was to investigate the practicalities and success rate of clozapine titration in the community in a large sample of patients referred to three crisis teams in a defined geographical area. Methods: We collected data retrospectively of all the referrals for clozapine initiation to three crisis teams across Manchester during a three year period. Results: Out of a total of 6542 referrals, 66 were for clozapine initiation. From these referrals only 54 patients started clozapine, as the others declined the treatment. After commencing clozapine, a total of 46 patients (86.2%) completed the titration successfully. The main reason for discontinuing the clozapine titration in the community was withdrawal of patients' consent. Only one patient was unable to physically tolerate the titration and was admitted to hospital. Conclusions: Clozapine can be safely started in the community. Patients' adherence to the treatment and to the physical monitoring is the key element of a successful outcome. Crisis teams are in an ideal position to support patients undergoing initiation of clozapine at home.


I am grateful to Dr Ronzitti for having taken the time to consider a phenomenological account of intuitionism, and of choice sequences in particular, and write down her critical reflections on it. But I'm afraid that 'Intuitionism Without Intuition: Against the Phenomenological Account' does not do much to advance the discussion. My principal reasons for thinking so are threefold: 1. The paper's presentation of the phenomenological account of choice sequences is incomplete in an essential way. 2. Of the two imagined (and negative) reactions to the phenomenological account, the first one is incoherent and the second highly implausible. 3. The paper's view on the relations between mathematics and philosophy leaves a mathematics that is a mere formalism and that is unrelated to the content of intuitionistic mathematics as developed by Brouwer and his followers. The label 'intuitionism without intuition' that Dr Ronzitti gives to her proposed mathematics is misleading at best. 1. The paper's presentation of the phenomenological account of choice sequences In her description and analysis of the phenomenological account, Dr Ronzitti refers to an article ('Brouwer, as Never Read by Husserl', van Atten 2003) and a book of mine (Brouwer Meets Husserl, van Atten 2007). Both the article (which is short, being the text of a talk at a conference) and the book answer the question if choice sequences are mathematical objects in two stages. First, are choice sequences objects at all? Second, are they specifically mathematical objects? I answer `yes' to the first question because a phenomenological analysis supplies me with an individuation criterion, and `yes' to the second question because, I argue, the objects thus construed are such that what is proved about them once is proved forever, they are purely formal in the sense that they do not depend on sense data, and they do not Filosofiska Notiser, Årgång 4, Nr. 1, Januari 2017, 93–97


Over the past decade, oceanographic and geophysical surveys along the slope of the Porcupine Seabight off the southwestern continental margin of Ireland have identified upwards of a thousand enigmatic mound-like structures (Figs. 1 and 2). The mounds of the Porcupine Seabight rise from the seafloor in water depths of 600-900 m and form impressive conical bodies several kilometers wide and up to 200 m high. Although a few mounds such as Thérèse Mound and Galway Mound are covered by a thriving thicket of coldwater corals, most mound tops and flanks are covered by dead coral rubble or are entirely buried by sediment (De Mol et al., 2002; Fig. 2, Beyer et al., 2003). Lophelia pertusa (Fig. 3) and Madrepora oculata are the most prominent cold-water corals growing without photosynthetic symbionts. The widespread discovery of large and numerous coral-bearing banks and the association of these corals with the mounds have generated significant interest as to the composition, origin and development of these mound structures. (internal control) (Hovland et al., 1998; Henriet et al., 2001). The oceanographic or environmental hypothesis states that the two most important conditions for stimulating mound development are (1) strong, nutrient-rich currents that provide suspended food to the filter-feeding corals, sweep the polyps clean of detritus and inhibit sediment burial, and (2) a stable substrate for settlement of coral larvae (Frederiksen et al., 1992). Strong bottom currents in the Belgica mound province, resulting from internal tidal wave effects at the boundary between Mediterranean Outflow Water and East North Atlantic Water, provide the suspended nutrients for filter-feeding cold-water corals.


The development of amine scrubbing processes for coal and natural gas-fired power plants is essential to reduce CO2 emissions. The design of tailor-made dynamic models to predict CO2 capture in amine scrubbing processes is fundamental for optimal control operations. This paper presents the use of SIMPCA, a subspace system identification technique used to develop a dynamic empirical model for an LQG controller with integral action. Such a controller is made to attain optimal operating conditions for a CO2 capture pilot plant. Reference signals are used in conjunction with the controller integral action to bring few process outputs towards their set-points. The results illustrate the importance of reliable model prediction in order to provide desirable closed loop response and appropriate CO2 emission reduction.


The presence of communicating embedded systems/IoTs in our daily lives have brought a myriad of benefits, from adding conveniences and entertainment, to improving the safety of our commutes and health care. However, the flaws and vulnerabilities in these devices expose their users to risks of property damage, monetary losses, and personal injury. For example, consumer vehicles, both connected and conventional, have succumbed to a variety of design flaws resulting in injuries and death. At the same time, as vehicles are increasingly connected (and in the near future, autonomous), researchers have demonstrated possible hacks on their sensors or internal control systems, including direct injection of messages on the CAN bus.Ensuring the safety of users or bystanders involves considering multiple factors. Conventional safety suggests that a system should not contain software and hardware flaws which can prevent it from correct function. `Safety of the Intended Function' involves avoiding the situations which the system or its components cannot handle, such as adverse extreme environmental conditions. Timing can be critical for certain real-time systems, as the system will need to respond to certain events, such as obstacle avoidance, within a set period to avoid dangerous situations. Finally, the safety of a system depends on its security. An attacker who can send custom commands or modify the software of the system may change its behavior and send it into various unsafe situations. Various safety and security countermeasures for embedded systems, especially connected vehicles, have been proposed. To place these countermeasures correctly requires methods of analyzing and verifying that the system meets all safety, security, and performance requirements, preferably at the early design phases to minimize costly re-work after production. This thesis discusses the safety and security considerations for embedded systems, in the context of Institut Vedecom's autonomous vehicle. Among the proposed approaches to ensure safety and security in embedded systems, Model-Driven Engineering is one such approach that covers the full design process, from elicitation of requirements, design of hardware and software, simulation/formal verification, and final code generation. This thesis proposes a modeling-based methodology for safe and secure design, based on the SysML-Sec Methodology, which involve new modeling and verification methods. Security modeling is generally performed in the last phases of design. However, security impacts the early architecture/mapping and HW/SW partitioning decisions should be made based on the ability of the architecture to satisfy security requirements. This thesis proposes how to model the security mechanisms and the impact of an attacker as relevant to the HW/SW Partitioning phase. As security protocols negatively impact performance, it becomes important to measure both the usage of hardware components and response times of the system. Overcharged components can result in unpredictable performance and undesired delays. This thesis also discusses latency measurements of safety-critical events, focusing on one critical to autonomous vehicles: braking as after obstacle detection. Together, these additions support the safe and secure design of embedded systems.


In sodium cooled fast breeder reactors, the high operating temperature necessitates hard facing of grid plate to avoid galling and to reduce the wear loss of the base material . Nickel-base cobalt-free alloy called Colmonoy-5 has been chosen as the hard facing material for the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) grid plate. The grid plate (GP) which is a critical component made of 316 LN SS that holds the core subassemblies are hard faced, to prevent galling and also to minimize wear caused by subassembly insertion/removal and erosion due to high sodium velocity at 670 K. Thermal cycling of hard faced circular grid plate made by Plasma Transferred Arc Welding (PTAW) generates residual stresses due to differential shrinkage of the molten deposit and difference in coefficients of thermal expansion between the deposit and substrate material. In this project the effect of thermal cycling of a nickel-base hardfacing alloy deposited on an austenitic stainless steel grid plate was studied. Finite element analysis of hard faced circular grid plate is performed for obtaining residual stress which includes elasto-plastic analysis. Coupled thermo-mechanical analysis is done for thermal cycling of hardfaced circular gridplate to quantitatively estimate the residual stress.


Based on several experiments with more than 500 individual hindcasts from 2016 and 2017, a best-performing parametrization for the method was identified. At forecast horizons of 10 days, the prediction accuracy is 3.02 mas and 5.39 mas for PM and ∆UT1, respectively, corresponding to improvements of 34% and 44% with respect to Bulletin A. At forecast horizons of 60 days, prediction accuracies are 12.52 mas and 107.96 mas for PM and ∆UT1, corresponding to improvements of 34% and 8% over Bulletin A.


To study the effect of permeability contrast and residual oil distribution on foam mobility and displacement in a heterogeneous reservoir,parallel cores were used to mimic the process in a lab. The lab tests show that,the foam can effectively adjust the mobility of permeability formations when the permeability contrast is below 12. At reasonable permeability contrast and residual oil distribution,foam can displace oil uniformly in the formations. For a heterogeneous reservoir with high permeability and different residual oil distribution,the effect of foam flooding is mainly determined by residual oil saturation. In a high permeability formation,the less the residual oil,the higher the plugging pressure is. This makes the residual oil displaced by foam and follow-up displacing fluid.


Chronic urticaria is one of the most common skin disorders. It is allergic and/or nonallergic character and is characterized by recurrent, itchy, and evanescent wheals over a period of six weeks 1, 2) . The persistent wheal has been suggested to be associated with a late-phase response of various inflammatory mediators 3, 4) . As shown in earlier reports 5-7) , the chronic urticaria lesion has a mixed cellular perivascular accumulation of T-lymphocytes with preponderance of CD4 + cells over CD8 + cells 8-10) , monocytes, mast


The roentgenographic features of localized trauma to the pancreas in children are presented from a review of 5 cases. Plain abdominal findings are those of localized ileus in the upper quadrants as shown by an air-distended loop of small or large bowel in combination with inflammation of peripancreatic tissues, and indicated by increased density with increased spacing between adjacent air-containing viscera.The radiopaque contrast findings are coarsened mucosal markings, duodenal atony with transient mid-duodenal obstruction, widening of the duodenal loop, stretching of the proximal jejunum, the "reversed 3" sign and mass displacement of viscera by hematoma formation. Roentgenology can be further helpful in assessing progress and demonstrating complications.The innocent source and apparent trivial force of trauma, usually sustained at play, is noted. Delayed onset of symptoms, abdominal pain out of proportion to the early physical findings, vomiting and restlessness are the significant clinical features.S...


Stress upregulates AGPs typified by gum exudates, a well-known wound stress response. Salt-stress also dramatically upregulates AGP release; recently we showed that four species, adapted to growth as suspension cultures in high salt, gave much higher AGP yields (mg AGP/g cells fresh weight) and AGP release rates than control cells. This discovery has wide ramifications. For example, quantifying the AGP flux through the cell surface pools [membrane-bound, soluble periplasmic, wall and growth medium (M → S → W → G[sink])] implied that AGPs migrate through the wall, mainly by 'plug flow' extrusion in rapidly growing unadapted tobacco BY-2 cells, but largely by diffusion in salt-adapted cells. We propose that AGPs may act as plasticizers by decreasing pectin cross-linking; this increases pectin porosity and enhances wall rheology. Thus we interpret the rapid inhibition of pollen tip growth by the Yariv reagent as a loss of monomeric AGP plasticizers when they form cross-linked Yariv-AGP complexes in muro.


Description of a method to identify non-native learners' phrase-level pronunciation problems. Devised to inform efforts at automatic detection through HMM modelizing, the method is based on a threefold concern with: 1) preparation of relevant phonetic identifiers, through 2) robust acoustic evidence, applied to 3) training data that is also suggested by traditional didactic practices Examples discussed in light of evidence seen in preparing units for modelization. INTRODUCTION In a previous publication [I] a set of informally identified pronunciation problems —commonly encountered by English—speaking learners of French— were discussed from the point of view of po— tential automatic detection and correction. Formal identification and reliable de— tection of such problems —as they occur within speech data supplied by learning subjects— require that they be defined and classified according to a method that interacts with the traditional practices used in non-native language acquisition; as opposed to a mere off-shoot application of phonetic science with a distinct, not easily related didactic module (e.g., SPELL Project [2]). As it turns out, whereas some mispronunciation items are easily identifiable from the dual point of view of their respective theoretical inception levels (e.g., articulatory, phonotactic, morpho—syntactic, etc.) and of their typical acoustic manifestations, some other items are much more difficult to pinpoint and, even more so, to characterize either theoretically or datawise. A threefold invesligative method, catering to the above consrderations, is therefore attempted. From a corpus of 56 French phrases (offering wide phonemic and intonative vanety) read (under uniform technical recording conditions) by 42 American English-speaking learners of French, a number of apparent pronunciation problems are selected for a multi—level confirmation of their likely manifestation within the acoustic signal. For each pro blem taken up, data—analytic strategies are sought, aiming at 1)HMM modelization of phonetic units and 2)at relevant pho notypical mapping into an adapted organic version of the evaluation gnds, traditionally used in testing for 'oral proficiency -—e.g., accuracy, delivery rate, stress, phonemic quality, etc. . Phrase-level examples are discussed in light of initial observations, made in pre— paring for modelization of units that are formal phonetic identifier candidates. METHODOLOGY Ultimately, identification of the specifics that constitute a language learners problem-realization, requires a reliable decisional process. And such a process has better chances of succeedtng,_of course, if it is highly predictive of vanability within the test—data submitted to it. To achieve this with our method, training-data is prepared With two main considerations in mind: l)select1ngtht5 training data (from a set. of leamerSS realizations) for its efftcient' problems oriented value and 2)ascertatmnglp_ysical evidence of apparent pronunctatlofl


Investigations on the biology of Mansonia dyari, Mansonia titillans , and Coquillettidia perturbans were conducted in the phosphate mining region of central Florida, USA. Both Mansonia spp. were most abundant in the late summer and fall, and they did not undergo diapause in the larval stage. Coquillettidia perturbans exhibited a true larval diapause and had population peaks in the spring, summer, and early fall. Each mosquito species was associated with certain abundant aquatic plant life in the phosphate mines. The Mansonia spp. were generally found in stands of free-floating vegetation, while Cq. perturbans was collected from stationary plants. In addition, all 3 mosquito species were usually found on a particular plant species and were rarely common on other vegetation in the area.


Objective To study the method of identification of terpene lactones from Ginkgo biloba leaf and Ginkgo biloba extract and Ginkgo Leaf tablets by TLC.Methods With Ginkgo biloba extract,Bilobalide, Ginkgolide A,Ginkgolide B,Ginkgolide C as objects,study the interference of the temperature to TLC.Results The temperature showed no interference.Conclusion This method of identification of TLC can carry on under the indoor temperature.


One of the primary reservoirs for meteorites is probably the planet-crossing Aten, Apollo, and Amor asteroids. Comparing the spectral characteristics of these two populations with each other and with the spectra of the main belt asteroids would provide insight into the dynamical processes that deliver meteorites to Earth. One method for obtaining an overview of general relationships in a large spectral data set is the statistical technique of principal components analysis. This technique quantifies general spectral similarities and reprojects the data in a plot of major axes of variation where distance is a measure of relative similarity. A major caveat should be kept in mind, however, spectra are sensitive to particle size and viewing geometry effects, and near Earth asteroids (NEA's) are probably significantly different from main belt asteroids in both these factors. The analysis was restricted to the spectral range of ECAS filters and included 116 meteorite spectra from the Gaffey (1976) survey and 417 asteroids from the Zellner et. al. (1985) survey of which 13 are planet-crossers. Although thirteen asteroids are not much of a sample on which to base conclusions, a few inferences can be drawn from this exercise. First, the NEA spectral characteristics are, on average, more consistent with the spectra of meteorites than are the main belt asteroids. Second, the S-type NEA's tend to be spectrally more similar to the ordinary chondrite meteorites than the main belt S-types. This suggests that the planet-crossing S-types do not represent the spectral range of the main belt S-type population and that the planet-crossing S-types are on average more like the ordinary chondrites than the main belt S-types. Third, the only direct asteroidal ordinary chondrite analog, the Q-type asteroid, 1862 Apollo, plots well within the field of the ordinary chondrite meteorites and represents the most common meteorite fall type. Finally, it is interesting that the planet-crossing asteroids occupy similar PCA space with the general trend of the meteorites while most of the main belt objects are offset from the meteorites in statistical space.


SUMMARY
This paper describes one form of psychodynamic formulation. Three areas of object-relations (the current life situation, the early infantile relations and the transference relationship) are focused upon to derive a common pattern. From these core object-relationships a point of maximum pain can be hypothesised and the attendant defensive relationships. The paper also discusses the central importance of testing hypotheses with interpretation even in the assessment interview, and the prime interest of the psychodynamic formulation in assessing other factors in the suitability of a patient for psychotherapy.


The effect of nifedipine, an oral calcium-channel blocker, on adriamycin-induced wound healing was studied. Nifedipine was administered to animals prior to treating with adriamycin. The healing strengths of cecal, fascial, and skin anatomoses were measured. Animals treated with adriamycin alone had significant decreases in healing strength compared to controls: for cecum at postoperative days (POD) 7 and 14; for skin at PODs 14, 21, and 28; for fascia at POD 28. Overall, nifedipine reduced the impact of adriamycin injury on the strength of healing incisional anastomoses. Nifedipine also appeared to protect collagen synthesis at anastomotic sites from adriamycin-induced impairment.


The GLJP strategy is complemented by market fundamentalism, implying major emphasis on market forces and reduction in the role of the state. The systematic revolution also implies significant structural changes But the phenomenon is not without paradoxes and calls for cautious steps. Various lessons are to be learnt from the Mexican misery. The author discusses in detail about the right approach for India so that the country evades any misery. The concept of 'Tobin Tax' is worth examining.


The coupled electron-photon Monte Carlo transport code ITS (Integrated Tiger Series) has recently been extended to include a single-scattering algorithm using data from the evaluated cross section data libraries from LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories) to enable transport below 1 keV. In order to begin improving the computational efficiency of this algorithm, a moment preserving modification to the electron elastic scattering cross sections known as the GBFP (Generalised Boltzmann Fokker-Planck) method has been implemented and is described here. The method is then applied to a variety of test problems, where it is seen to be in good agreement with experimental and analogue Monte Carlo results, while significantly decreasing the processing required for elastic scattering. However, the runtimes are still limited by inelastic processes, and the method must be extended to include these to observe a significant improvement in runtime.