Objective: To investigate self-assessed impairments and impact of fibromyalgia [FMS] in 86 patients and to compare the results with those from the 74 rheumatoid patients [RA] who attended a three-week inpatient course. Methods: Self-estimated symptoms as elicited using a multivariant questionnaire together with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Rimons' Brief Depression Scale, and Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales were compared between the two cohorts. Results: Fibromyalgia patients identified significantly more pain, sleep disorders, daytime dozing, and difficulties in social activities, and were subjectively more depressive and anxious than RA patients. However, assessments of global health and ability to work in the two groups did not differ significantly, while RA patients' fitness and "functional ability" were assessed as slightly poorer. Conclusion: Fibromyalgia patients experienced more psychosocial problems and felt impairments equally or even more than RA patients. The role of these symptoms in the disability of FMS patients would also be reliably assessed in outcome measures.


OBJECTIVE To develop a method to determine the content of schizandrol, schisantherin, deoxyschizandrin, γ-schisandrin and tanshinone Ⅱ(subscript A) in Anshen Buxin pills. METHODS The samples were extracted with methanol by ultrasonic wave and then filteration. The determination was performed by HPLC on Shim-pack VP-ODS C18 column using acetonitrile-water-acetic acid glacial (60:40:0.1) as a mobile phase, the flaw rate was 1.0 m1•min^(-1), the detection wavelength was 220 nm. RESULTS The linear range of schizandrol, schisantherin, deoxyschizandrin, γ-schisandrin and tanshinone Ⅱ(subscript A) were 0.0006-0.1230 μg (r=0.9999), 0.0013-0.2550 μg (r=0.9998), 0.0017-0.3391 μg (r=0.9997), 0.0026-0.5260 μg (r=0.9999) and 0.0020-0.4000 μg (r=0.9999), respectively. The average recoveries of five components were 97.3% 98.8%, 101.1%, 98.1% and 100.2%. CONCLUSION The method is accurate, quick, sensitive.


performance. For this reason, music is often discouraged during athletic testing. While there is a myriad of hypotheses and research on exercise with music, little research exists on the effect of music on optimal VO2max testing conditions. PURPOSE: This study seeks to determine the effects of self-selected music during a VO2max test on measures of metabolic indices and perceived exertion. METHODS: Twenty-two women (19.95±0.79y and 65.41±9.96kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Individuals were asked to perform a modified Bruce protocol incremental treadmill test to exhaustion on two occasions separated by at least 24 hours, once with no music, and once listening to self-selected music. Time at volitional fatigue (TTE) was also recorded. During the test, expired gases were recorded to analyze maximal VO2 and VO2 at VT. RPE during each stage using the Borg scale and then averaged for each individual throughout the test. Following each test, participants were asked to rate their overall feeling of exertion on a visual analog scale (VAS). Paired samples t-tests were conducted to determine any differences between each condition. RESULTS: Paired samples t-tests showed no significant difference for TTE (x music = 684.18±86.07s; x no music = 668.1±81.25s; p=0.12), VO2max (x music = 44.45±5.82ml/kg/min; x no music = 43.9±7.27ml/kg/min; p=0.36), or VT (x music = 27.29±6.52ml/kg/min; x no music = 26.93±7.03ml/kg/min;p=0.32). However, paired samples t-tests revealed significant difference for RPE (x music =13.1±1.58; x no music = 14.13±1.48; p<0.05) and VAS (x music = 10.85±2.29cm; x no music = 9.37±2.72cm; p<0.05) CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study supports previous research demonstrating a connection between music and a decrease in perceived exertion during exercise. However, the addition of self-selected music during a testing session did not have a significant effect on all physiological variables measured.


This paper investigates the statistical properties of human motion-based harvested power, and provides models for the distribution, auto-correlation and cross-correlation of harvested power at different body locations, namely left wrist, right wrist, left ankle and waist. The models are developed based on empirical acceleration measurements while the subjects perform unscripted daily tasks. The measured accelerations are converted to harvestable power by assuming a velocity-damped resonant harvesting generator. The provided models enable realistic analysis and simulation of wearable communication systems with motion-based energy harvesting.


Good Surgical Practice states that surgeons must ensure that accurate, comprehensive, legible and contemporaneous records are maintained for all their interactions with patients. It is therefore critical that the clerking document, as the initial record of an admission, meets this standard. During the Covid-19 pandemic, an emergency rota meant that cross-covering of ENT at junior level was increasingly required in our hospital. Understandably, these trainees were less familiar with admitting ENT patients and of departmental standards. Our aim was to evaluate the quality of clerking documentation in our department during this period and investigate whether a standardised admission proforma could improve this.

 Clerking documents for all patients admitted in April 2020 were checked for completion of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment and inclusion of ten key pieces of information as outlined by the Surgical Tool for Auditing Records score. As was standard at this time, all clerking documentation had been completed on blank hospital continuation paper. A departmental admission proforma was introduced before admissions in June 2020 were then assessed identically.

 Improvement was noted in all measured parameters with no adverse effects. There was particular improvement in documentation of referral source (28% to 97%), consultant in charge (35% to 90%), name/grade/bleep (25% to 94%) and VTE risk assessment (14% to 78%). Trainee response was positive.

 A simple admission proforma can markedly improve the standard of clerking documentation and therefore increase patient safety during a turbulent time. We would encourage other departments to consider developing their own.


Let n 2 be an even integer. We investigate that if an odd mapping f : X ! Y satises the following equation n ∑ j=1 xj r 1 A + ∑ ik2f 0;1g ∑n k=1 ik= n 2 rf ( n ∑ i=1 ( 1) ik xi r ) then f : X ! Y is additive, where r 2 R: We also prove the stability in normed group by using shadowing property and the Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional equation in Banach spaces and in Banach modules over unital C � -algebras. As an application, we show that every almost linear bijection h : A ! B of unital C � -algebras A and B is a C � -algebra isomorphism when h( 2 s rs uy) = h( 2 s rs u)h(y) for all unitaries u 2 A; all y 2 A; and s = 0;1;2;::::


ABSTRACT The fabrication of micro-fin is very critical due to its higher debility nature. In this paper, a simple methodology is proposed for fabricating an array of micro-fins using 2-Axis wire electric discharge machining process, which gives a faster production rate with good accuracy. Arrays of 625 (25 × 25) micro-fins have been fabricated on stainless steel and copper square rods. The average height of the fabricated fins is 850 µm. The effects of process parameters such as pulse-on-time, pulse-off-time, current, and table feed on performance measures like material removal rate, overcut, and cutting rate have been studied. Taguchi L16 orthogonal array has been employed to conduct the experimentation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been applied to observe the significant process parameters and their contribution to the responses. Moreover, the overall evaluation criteria (OEC) have also been formulated to obtain the best parametric combination. The characterization of fabricated micro-pin-fins has been carried out using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray techniques.


The purpose of this study was to assess the single and 5 week oral dose toxicity of
calcitriol and alendronate combination (1 : 10,000) treatment for osteoporosis or Paget's disease in
male and female rats. In single dose oral toxicity study, the values of LD50 of calcitriol and alendronate
mixture were 750.075 mg/kg in male rats and 775.0775 mg/kg in female rats, respectively.
Body weight and food consumption were continuously increased after adminstration of calcitriol and
alendronate mixtures, and there was no significant changes in body weight and food consumption in
all groups. In five-week oral toxicity study of calcitriol and alendronate mixture at a dose of 0.2 μg +
2 mg, 1 μg + 10 mg, 5 μg + 50 mg and 25 μg + 250 mg, respectively, there was no mortality,
abnormal behavior and appearance in all groups throughout the administration period (5 weeks) and
recovery period (2 weeks). Dose-dependent changes in parameters of urinalysis and hematological
analysis were not observed in male and female rats treated with calcitriol and alendronate mixtures.
All the values of the parameters appeared to be in the normal range. These data indicate that both
calcitriol and alendronate are drugs having low toxicity in rats. NOAEL of calcitriol and alendronate
mixtures were 50.005 mg/kg in 5-week oral toxicity.


Due to the extremely low permeability and the excellent creep behavior, rock salt is the optimal surrounding rock of underground energy storage. The long-term safe operation of the rock salt energy storage is closely related to the creep behavior and long-term strength of rock salt, but few researches focus on the long-term strength of rock salt. In order to more accurately predict the long-term strength of rock salt, the isochronous stress–strain curve method and the volume expansion method for determining the long-term strength were analyzed and discussed based on axial compression tests and axial creep tests. The results show that the isochronous stress–strain curve method is intuitive but will greatly increase the test cost and test time to obtain a satisfactory result. The volume expansion method is simple, but the long-term strength obtained according to the inflection point of volumetric strain is much greater than the actual long-term strength of rock salt. Therefore, a new method applicable to rock salt was proposed based on the evolution of damage in rock salt in this paper, which takes the corresponding stress value at the damage initiation point as the long-term strength. The long-term strength determined by this method is consistent with that by the isochronous stress–strain curve method. The method is more economical and convenient and aims to provide a reference for the long-term stability study of underground salt caverns.


A simple, precise and accurate isocratic reversed-phase stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of glibenclamide (GLB) and metformin hydrochloride (MET) in pure active pharmaceutical ingredients and commercial capsules. The method has shown adequate separation for GLB and MET from their main degradation products. Separation was achieved on An Inertsil® ODS-3 4.6 x 250 mm, 5 μm analytical column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol: phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) containing 0.01 M sodium dodecyl sulphate (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min and UV detection at 225 nm. The drugs were subjected to acidic, alkaline and oxidative hydrolysis to apply stress conditions. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 50–150% of target concentration. The limits of detection were 0.01 and 0.002 μg/mL for GLB and MET, respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.03 and 0.01 μg/mL for GLB and MET, respectively. Degradation products produced as a result of stress studies did not interfere with the detection of GLB and MET and the assay can thus be considered stability-indicating.


enlarges and forms the zygote or zygospore. The zygospore becomes surrounded by a thick wall showing differentiation i to several layers. In its completed state it is inclosed in a network of hyphae whose walls fuse and become greatly thickened, forming, in cross-section, a sort of a corona around the zygospore. The nuclei were not observed to fuse in the zygospore of this species, but in Endogone Ludwigii a single large nucleus, supposed to be a fusion nucleus, was observed in some of the zygospores. This process of zygospore formation was observed only in the two species mentioned. In the other species the fruit body is filled with asexually formed chlamydospores or with sporangia in place of zygospores. In his discussion the author points out the close resemblance between the sexual reproduction of Endogone and the mucors on the one hand, and on the other hand certain homologies between Endogone and the Ascomycetes. Thus in the peculiar outgrowth of the fusion cell and the paired nuclei, he sees a homologue of the ascogenous hyphae of the Ascomycetes, in some of which (as CLAUSSEN has shown for Pyronema confluens) the male and female nuclei do not fuse, but remain in pairs until the formation of the ascus.-H. HASSELBRING.


The reaction of iodine, electrogenerated from iodide, is used for the detection of As(III) via electrocatalytic reaction in the diffusion layer of a boron-doped diamond electrode. The merits of this electrode material for this purpose (over platinum, gold or glassy carbon) are demonstrated and the kinetics of the reaction between I2 and As(III) in acid reported.


We propose a method to restore colonoscopy videos that have low quality RGB images. The main problem concerns a time delay occurring in between the recordings of the R, G and B colour channels. As the camera is moving along in the colon, sometimes quickly, the resulting images show non properly matched R, G and B causing blurry effects that impede the medical doctors or computer-aided analysis methods. We proposed to restore this artefact by first equalizing the colour channels and then performing a robust camera motion estimation and compensation. Experimental results show significant improvements from the original videos.


Clinical characteristics Y chromosome infertility is characterized by azoospermia (absence of sperm), severe oligozoospermia ( Diagnosis/testing The diagnosis of Y chromosome infertility is established in a male with characteristic clinical and laboratory features and by identification of a hemizygous deletion of Yq involving the AZF regions or identification of a heterozygous pathogenic variant involving USP9Y (located within AZFa). Management Treatment of manifestations: Pregnancies may be achieved by in vitro fertilization using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), an in vitro fertilization procedure in which spermatozoa retrieved from ejaculate (in males with oligozoospermia) or extracted from testicular biopsies (in males with azoospermia) are injected into an egg harvested from the reproductive partner. Other: Testicular sperm retrieval for in vitro fertilization is ineffective for males with AZFb and AZFa deletions, but has been successful for most males with AZFc deletions; in males with retrievable spermatozoa, the presence or absence of deletion of the long arm of the Y chromosome has no apparent effect on the fertilization or pregnancy rates; the risk for birth defects is the same as for any infertile couple that achieves a pregnancy using assisted reproductive technology. Genetic counseling Y chromosome infertility is inherited in a Y-linked manner. Because males with Y chromosome deletions are infertile, the deletions are usually de novo and therefore not present in the father of the proband. Despite their severely impaired spermatogenesis, some males with deletion of the AZF regions have occasionally spontaneously fathered sons, who are infertile. This will occur in about 4% of couples with severe oligospermia if the female partner is young and very fertile. In pregnancies achieved using ICSI, male offspring have the same deletion as their father, with a high risk of male infertility. Note that certain Y deletions, including the most common Y deletions (gr/gr), do not necessarily cause infertility, but are only a risk factor for infertility. Female fetuses from a father with a Y chromosome deletion have no increased risk of congenital abnormalities or infertility. In pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART) and known to be at risk of resulting in a male with Y chromosome deletion, specific prenatal testing or preimplantation testing could be performed to determine the sex of the fetus and/or the presence of the Y chromosome deletion.


Abstract : This study evaluates the current Department of Defense Variable Housing Allowance (VHA) Program for military families with dependents. It is exclusively for the Colorado Springs Military Housing Area (MHA), although the methodology could easily be applied to other MHA in the continental United States. For the Colorado Springs MHA, we conclude that VHA entitlements are too low for pay grades 0-1 and E-6 and below. For 0-2, 0-3, and E-7 through E-9, the current VHA entitlement are too high. We were unable to make a determination for 0-4 and above. We also explored the implications of including homeowner imputed rents in Department of Defense VHA calculations. We conclude that if imputed rents were included, VHA would be substantially lower for all pay grades. We recommend that all military members be advised on how their VHA entitlements are calculated, and how the quality of housing they choose affects their respective entitlements. We also recommend that VHA entitlements be updated quarterly between annual VHA surveys by indexing entitlements to housing cost inflation rates. (Author)


Introduction Da Vinci robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) has been evaluated by health technology assessment (HTA) organizations across the world. This study aimed to analyze the existing HTA reports over years, countries, and procedures. Methods Publicly available health technology appraisal reports on RAS published from January 2000 to November 2020 were identified via a targeted literature search. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination database, the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment database, and Google scholar. Reports related to the da Vinci RAS were included. Full texts of reports were used for the analysis. For the HTAs that recommended RAS, the directional conclusion was considered as positive. For HTA reports that discouraged the use of RAS, the directional conclusion was considered as negative. The rest were considered as neutral. The reports were analyzed by year, country, and procedure. Results We identified 65 HTA reports comprising 128 procedure-level assessments of RAS by 42 HTA organizations in 21 countries over 20 years. The annual number of assessments increased over time. The countries that completed the most assessments were Sweden (14 reports, including 15 procedure-level assessments: 13% positive and 80% neutral) and Canada (11 reports, including 20 procedure-level assessments: 65% positive). The topics of the assessments covered 27 surgical indications in urology, gynecology, thoracic, general, and ear, nose, and throat. The conclusions of the HTAs varied by surgical indication. Prostatectomy (33 reports: 85% neutral or positive) was the most widely assessed surgical indication, followed by hysterectomy (16 reports: 81% neutral or positive), nephrectomy (15 reports: 73% neutral or positive), and rectal resection (10 reports: 100% neutral or positive). Conclusions The number and breadth of HTAs on RAS have grown at an increasing rate over the last 20 years. The directional conclusion of assessments varied by procedure and country. Further analysis is warranted to understand the factors contributing to HTA conclusions on RAS.


As the United States begins to put a lot of attention and resources into digitizing its healthcare sector, it is instructive to understand why the adoption of electronic health records (EHR) remains so poor when compared with many other developed countries. The 2009 stimulus bill provides significant incentives for providers to digitize their records, but unless the records are made interoperable, the full potential of EHR will never be realized. We posit that the emergence of the independent personal health record (PHR) platforms from organizations such as Microsoft and Google is a major development towards the cause of interoperable health records. Not only do these platforms have a vested interest in facilitating interoperability, but they also can help promote the adoption of EHR among healthcare providers. In a pluralistic healthcare system like that which exists in the United States, where healthcare providers lack the incentive for adopting EHR and government intervention is often not the preferable solution, we believe that PHRs should be the focus of the debate on achieving interoperability in the healthcare sector.


One key issue for high voltage CMOS structures is the proper design of the output driver devices, which are usually lateral DMOS transistors (LDMOST). We present an analysis of a LDMOST and an ALDMOST (accumulation LDMOST) with respect to ON-resistance, punch-through and avalanche breakdown.


Resources that help address the question: How does the concept and goal of "sustainability" unite academic, artistic, pragmatic, and social endeavors?


We consider a depression in intensity of ULF magnetic pulsations, which is observed on the ground surface due to appearance of the irregularities in the ionosphere. It is supposed that oblique Alfven waves in the ULF frequency range are downgoing from the magnetosphere and the horizontal irregularities of ionospheric conductivity
are created by upgoing atmospheric gravity waves from seismic source. Unlike the companion paper by Molchanov et al. (2003), we used a simple model of the ionospheric layer but took into consideration the lateral inhomogeneity of the perturbation region in the ionosphere. It is shown that ULF intensity could be essentially
decreased for frequencies f = 0.001-0.1 Hz at nighttime but the change is negligible at daytime in coincidence with observational results.


This study tested the ability of Communication‐Orientation Motivation (COM) therapy (Motley, 1995) to reduce public speaking apprehension. The investigation was deemed necessary due to the inconsistent nature of previous results on the effectiveness of COM therapy. Respondents who scored one standard deviation above the mean on a measure of public speaking apprehension (PSA) formed the target population. Participants were exposed to COM therapy, Systematic Desensitization, a placebo, or no treatment. A pretest‐posttest control group design was employed. Participants delivered pretest speeches, responded to a battery of self‐report measures, were exposed to the appropriate intervention as called for by the experimental design, delivered a posttest speech, and responded to the self‐report measures. In general, COM therapy was found to be effective in reducing PSA. The implications of this and other findings are discussed.


Long-term persistence of chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) is among the major factors contributing to neoplastic transformation and the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. There exists a lack of efficient medications for IBD, primarily due to emergence of resistance or side effects. Antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNFα) are effective therapies in the armamentarium; however, up to 40% of patients become resistant to this therapy. Thus, target-based improved therapy with higher efficacy and enhanced safety profile is urgently needed to fill these gaps.
 We have demonstrated that bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), an epigenetic regulator, is required for stabilization of NFkB binding on the promoters of inflammatory genes, activation of RNA polymerase II, and histone H3 Lys122 acetylation (H3K122ac) to permit high levels of inflammatory gene expressions in sentinel immune cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Our compelling data using human IBD patient samples suggest that BRD4 activation is coincident with the initiation of colonic inflammation. Inhibition of the BRD4 activation is an attractive target for the development of superior therapeutics for IBD, especially for anti-TNFα-resistant patients.
 We have successfully identified proprietary highly potent and specific BRD4 inhibitors (patent WO 2018/112037 A1) with direct binding modes validated by the solved co-complex crystal structures. We observed that our lead compounds exhibit low toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Therapeutic administration of our lead inhibitors ZL0516 and ZL0590 significantly reduces mucosal inflammation in several animal models of IBD and restores tissue architecture. Our data show that inhibition of BRD4 results in a decrease of key inflammatory cytokines associated with pathological responses in IBD such as TNFα, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-1β expression in human colonic epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as several animal models of IBD colitis.
 Collectively, our data suggest that BRD4 activation is critical to the initiation of human colonic inflammation during IBD. BRD4 inhibition disrupts its protein-protein interactions with acetylated histone lysine residues, thereby blocking the pathological activation of the BRD4-NFκB signaling and suppressing colonic inflammation. Thus, BRD4 represents a unique drug target, and novel BRD4 inhibitors ZL0516 and ZL0590 have been identified as promising drug candidates towards the development of small molecule epigenetic therapeutics for the treatment of IBD and its chronic sequelae.
 Funding support: Crohn's & Colitis Foundation Entrepreneurial Investing (EI) Initiative award, Litwin IBD Pioneers Program, and a research fellowship award from the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America.


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tacrolimus-containing pharmaceutical composition which is a creamy preparation for external application having a good sensation upon use and has high main ingredient stability (a high main ingredient residual ratio). The composition according to the present invention is an oil-in-water-type creamy composition characterized by comprising (A) tacrolimus, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, (B) diethyl sebacate and/or diisopropyl sebacate, (C) polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, (D) a hydrophilic polymer and (E) an anti-oxidative agent.


Scholarships are grants in the form of financial assistance given to individuals, students or students for the continuation of education. In accordance with the program guidelines issued by the Directorate General of Higher Education, it must follow the 3T principles, namely Right Target, Right Amount and Timely. Jambi Muhamamdiyah University is one of the private universities that received a quota for the scholarship, because of the large number of scholarship recipients, the university must be selective in determining who is eligible to get the scholarship. One of the methods of information technology that can support decision-making in an organization or company is the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method so that it can facilitate the process of managing, sorting, comparing and selecting scholarship recipients, so as to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the work of the actors. business. The purpose of this research is to analyze and design a prototype of the Scholarship Acceptance Decision Support System with the SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) Method at the University of Muhammadiyah Jambi so as to increase the effectiveness and efficiency in receiving scholarships and to assist in providing alternative decisions in the selection of scholarship recipients. This design was made using the visual paradigm and using object-based modeling techniques to describe the analysis and design of the system, namely in the form of use case diagrams, class diagrams, and activity diagrams. This research resulted in a prototype design of the analysis system and the design of a Scholarship Acceptance Decision Support System using the SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) method at the University of Muhammadiyah Jambi. On this basis, an integrated system is needed, it is hoped that the system can be implemented directly to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of scholarship acceptance at the University of Muhammadiyah Jambi


As the application area of time synchronization technology becomes more and more extensive, people not only focus on the accuracy and stability of synchronization, but also start to pursue the speed of synchronization convergence. The digital phase locked loop (DPLL) model is used to achieve the slave clock synchronization with the master clock. The fastest descent method is proposed to reduce the convergence time, by optimizing the filter parameters of the DPLL adaptively. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the filter parameters optimization based on the fastest descent method significantly improve the synchronization accuracy and convergence speed of the time synchronization system, finally we achieve an accuracy of 58ps within $100s$ convergence time which compared to manually empirically parameters.


The necessity of change in agricultural production toward a sustainable and organic development is one of the main messages of the IAASTD report. Organic is no longer seen as an ancient way of agriculture. However Germany needs more organic farmers to establish a home market of organic products. In this paper the focus is on the initial contact, and we ask: How do organic extensionists reach conventional farmers, and how could they enhance their readiness to convert? This paper presents preliminary results and explores the required conditions for organic extension as one part of the ecological knowledge system (EKS) in order to develop a tool for first reaching conventional farmers and apprentices as successors. Based on interviews with several actors, (a) apprentices/masters and (b) farmers (organic pioneers, converters, and conventional farmers), types are built and an approach for the extensionists is created to reach conventional farmers and apprentices/masters, differentiated according to types. Hence our findings show differences between appren- tices/masters and practitioners. Apprentices'/masters' motives for (non-)conversion are based on economic indicators. In addition, the results show an obvious lack of knowledge, which results in cliche thinking and detachment from the organic farming issue. The level of commitment to the social community influences a rational examination of organic farming. In contrast, it seems that practitioners decide on either self-oriented or pragmatic, economic oriented. Against this backdrop organic extensionists are asked to extend their repertoire of methods and adapt to the heterogeneity of the potential converters.


Abstract : The information contained herein includes a listing of the input data necessary to conduct on-line captive trajectory and grid testing, definitions of the standard coordinate axis systems used in the data presentation, and a listing of the standard and operational parameters available for both tabulated9 plotted, and magnetic tape data output. This will serve as a guide to the User as to the information needed by PWT personnel to prepare for a captive trajectory and/or grid test.


Some neuromechanical properties of the triceps surae have presented adaptations with the age of prepubertal children. This has been demonstrated for the musculotendinous stiffness (Lambertz et al. 2003) and for the characteristics of a twitch in response to a maximal electrical stimulation of the motor nerve (Grosset et al. 2005). We have also briefly reported an increase in the amplitude of the reflexes mechanically induced with the age of the children. The objective of the present presentation was to seek correlated changes in reflex amplitude and stiffness parameters


Nonlinear photonic circuits with the ability to generate and process signals all-optically have emerged in the past decade with superior performance to electronic chips. In particular, crystalline silicon has become a leading platform for integrated nonlinear optics. More recently, hydrogenated amorphous silicon emerged as a promising alternative to crystalline silicon due to its large nonlinearity. In this paper, we review recent research on nonlinear optical interactions in and applications of hydrogenated amorphous silicon nanophotonic devices. This new material platform enables the capability of multilayer CMOS-compatible photonic-integrated circuits with low-power requirements for high-speed optical signal processing.


The long-term monitoring of magnetic cycles in cool stars is a key diagnostic in understanding how dynamo generation and amplification of magnetic fields occur in stars similar in structure to the Sun. We investigate the temporal evolution of a possible magnetic cycle, determined from its large-scale field, of 61 Cyg A over its activity cycle using spectropolarimetric observations and compare it to the solar case. We use Zeeman Doppler imaging (ZDI) to reconstruct the large-scale magnetic geometry over multiple observational epochs spread over a time span of nine years. We investigate the time evolution of the different components of the large-scale field and compare it with the evolution of its chromospheric activity by measuring the flux in three different chromospheric indicators: Ca II H&K, H-alpha and Ca II infra red triplet lines. We also compare our results with the star's coronal activity using XMM-Newton observations. The large-scale magnetic geometry of 61 Cyg A exhibits polarity reversals in both poloidal and toroidal field components, in phase with the chromospheric activity cycle. We also detect weak solar-like differential rotation with a shear level similar to the Sun. During our observational time span of nine years, 61 Cyg A exhibits solar-like variations in its large-scale field geometry as it evolves from minimum activity to maximum activity and vice versa. During its activity minimum in epoch 2007.59, ZDI reconstructs a simple dipolar geometry which becomes more complex close to activity maximum in epoch 2010.55. The radial field flips polarity and reverts back to a simple geometry in epoch 2013.61. The field is strongly dipolar and the evolution of the dipole component of the field is reminiscent of the solar behaviour. The polarity reversal of the large-scale field indicates a magnetic cycle that is in phase with the chromospheric and coronal cycle.


Lewis acid catalyzed cycloaddition reactions of ethyl glyoxylate imines to dihydrofuran and indene yield substituted hexahydrofuro[3,2-c]- and tetrahydro-7H-indeno[2,1-c]quinolines respectively. Oxidation of the adducts with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone affords the corresponding aromatic compounds.


The morphodynamics of the lower River Vecht in the Netherlands and the influence of geomorphological setting and bank composition on meander migration was studied by means of reconstructing the pre-channelisation landform configuration on a scale of 1:25,000, using historical maps from 1720, 1850 and 1890 and other data. A downstream sequence of reaches was observed, each with a typical fluvial style and channel migration rate: (A) a narrow meander belt and a highly sinuous channel with intermediate migration rate, in the middle of an extensive floodbasin, (B) a wide meander belt and high rates of lateral channel migration, especially where large meanders impinged upon valley bluffs, as part of an incised setting, (C) a low sinuosity, embanked channel with low rates of downstream migration confined by dikes, occurring in an inland delta with sandy sediments. Local variation was observed within reach B. Different migration rates were caused by the spatial variability of bank resistance as reflected by the width–depth ratio of the channel and the silt–clay ratios of deposits. River banks are: (1) very erodible when composed of channel deposits, aeolian dune deposits or when coarse fluvio-periglacial deposits occur at their base, (2) erodible when dominated by overbank deposits or aeolian sand sheet deposits, (3) resistant when a plaggen layer is exposed, and (4) very resistant when dominated by floodbasin deposits. These implications of meander variability have been used to select locations suitable for a meander rehabilitation experiment.


The important of the study lie in his particle aspect that combined both total quality management and university performance in both public and private university, which can be achieved by introducing the scientific bases that all the university must followed. The problem of the paper is that most of the Iraqi universities do not apply the total quality management tools in its performance therefore the paper focus on identifying the relationship between total quality management and university performance, the study include preparing questionnaires forms and distributed on a sample of faculty deans, their assistants, and department heads and these questionnaires were analysis using statistical program (SPSS) by frequency and percentages. In order to know the direction of each hypothesis and the evidence validity or incorrectness of the hypothesis and the extent to which the phrases coincide with the hypothesis, the following measures were used (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and mode).


INTRODUCTION In the liberalised and deregulated e-marketplace some key factors for service providers' success are the following. First, the efficiency with which services will be developed. Second, the quality level, in relation with the corresponding cost, of new services. Third, service providers' reliability with respect to service provisioning. Fourth, the efficiency with which the services will be operated (controlled, maintained, administered, etc.). The aim of this paper is, in accordance with efficient service operation objectives, to propose enhancements to the sophistication of the negotiation functionality that can be offered by e-commerce systems in open competitive communications environments.


Methods The research team met with the theatre group and 2 women with metastatic breast cancer to create a drama based on a focus group study about living with metastatic breast cancer. People in the drama were interviewed at the beginning, midway through the creative process, and soon after the drama was taken on the road. A key question was: "What is it like for you to be involved in this process?" A phenomenological analysis focusing on the meanings of illness in the context of the drama was used. Drafts of the article were shared with the 4 women whose transcripts were analysed for this study.


As the visualization research community reorients its software to address up-coming challenges, it must successfully deal with diverse processor architectures, distributed systems, various data sources, massive parallelism, multiple input and output devices, and interactivity.


In this study, vegetation index, the vegetation index calculated based on hyperspectral images was used to monitor Petroglyphs of Cheonjeon-ri, Ulju from 2014 to 2020. To select suitable the vegetation index for monitoring, indoor analysis was performed, and considering the sensitivity to biocontamination, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Triangular Vegetation Index (TVI) were selected. As a result of monitoring using the selected vegetation index, NDVI increased from 2014 to 2018 and then decreased in 2020, after preservation treatment. On the other hand, TVI was difficult to confirm the tendency during the monitoring. This difference was due to the variation in spectral reflectance according to the photographing conditions by year. Therefore NDVI is less sensitive to spectral reflectance deviation than TVI, so it can be used for monitoring. In order for TVI to be used, however, in-depth study is needed.


Background: Appreciating food is an important concept in mindful eating, mentioned by advocates of an expanded model of mindful eating in 2016. With the exception of Japan, this concept is not common in many countries. Objective: We aimed to describe the role that appreciation for food has in the health of children from two perspectives: 1) association between children's appreciation for food and their backgrounds, such as home and school educational experiences related to food, and 2) association between their appreciation for food and outcomes, such as attitude toward food, eating behaviors, and health status. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Data were obtained from self-administered anonymous questionnaires sent to 2070 elementary school students in Tokyo, Japan, during October and December 2006. They contained several question items pertaining to the characteristics of participants: home and school educational experiences related to food, attitudes towards food (including level of appreciation for food), eating behaviors, and health status. T-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to compare the total score of appreciation for food with other factors. Results: Surveys were completed by 1994 children (response rate: 96.3%) and significant correlations were indicated by gender, educational experiences at home and school, attitudes toward healthy food, recommended food preferences, breakfast consumption, and body mass index. Conclusions: We concluded that appreciation for food plays an important role in children's health.


The present invention provides a method of preparation and the diffusion prevention layer, a thin film transistor array substrate, a display device, a display device belonging to the technical field preparation, the required environment which can solve the prior art prepared using PVD or CVD tantalum oxide diffusion preventing layer higher temperatures caused by volatilization gate, the problem affects the performance of the display device. Preparation diffusion preventing layer of the present invention comprises: a conductive substrate with a cathode placed in a sulfuric acid solution of tantalum, a conductive substrate as an anode, after the energization forming a tantalum oxide diffusion preventing layer on a conductive substrate. Tantalum oxide diffusion preventing layer of the present invention can be used for fabricating a gate of a thin film transistor.


Strawberries are rich in nutrition and physical activity components,which have a variety of nutrition and health function.The article elaborated strawberry's nutrient components and its health care function and introduced some usual strawberry dietotherapy recipes.


The utility model relates to a temperature detection structure and electronic equipment, which can take the maintenance and the management through easily mastering and identifying the remaining life, so the obstacles will not be produced in the production process and so on. The utility model detects the temperature of the electrolysis capacitor 24 provided within the equipment, calculates the remaining life in actual use according to the temperature-life rule, and displays the remaining life. The utility model also has the structure that the temperature sensor 22 insulating the electrolysis capacitor 24 and the winding film belt 23 is accommodated within the heat-shrinkable tube 25, so the secondary side temperature sensor 22 is firmly attached with the primary side electrolysis capacitor 24.


When a court recognizes an arbitral award, it acknowledges that the award is valid and binding, and thereby gives it a set of effects similar to those of a court's judgment, among which res judicata is the most important. The res judicata effect of an arbitral award generally forbids parties to an action from subsequently litigating claims that were raised in a prior arbitration. In common law countries, res judicata may also preclude re-adjudication of issues raised and decided in a prior arbitration. The Korean Arbitration Act acknowledges the rights of parties to an arbitral award to seek not only an enforcement judgment but also a recognition judgment on an arbitral award. Therefore, the question arises whether or not the winning party in an arbitration must acquire a recognition judgment on the arbitral award in order to enjoy the effects of a recognized award. However, according to the case law and generally accepted views, an arbitral award is automatically recognized without any additional procedure, as long as it satisfies the requirements for recognition. Therefore, in order to resolve this question, it is desirable to eliminate the statutory clause that stipulates the right to seek recognition judgment.


This paper reports preliminary results from an investigation of childrens living arrangements and contact with biological parents living elsewhere. Using data from a recent national survey the authors describe race and ethnic variation in US childrens family structure and contact with parents in other households. The analysis treats frequency of contact with absent parent(s) as a function of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the childs household as well as duration of parent-child separation whether the child was born outside marriage sex of absent parent and childs age and sex. The study differentiates children living with 1 biological parent from those in households with neither biological parent. (authors)


'And here is remarkable thing, hard to explain in human wavs. It is just during the last decades that the Church in Poland has acquired a special significance in the dimensions of the Universal Church and Christiantitv. It has also become the center of great interest in view of specific situation which has a weighty importance for the search undertaken bv contemporary humanitv, different nations and states in social and economic domains in the sphere of ci -vilization as a whole'l.


Any interactive system can be described in terms of the devices it involves, and their interconnections. Similarly, each device can be described in terms of simpler devices and their interconnectio...


Steel lightweight aggregate–concrete composite beams (SLACCBs) with bolted shear connections provide several advantages, such as reducing the overall self-weight, shortening the construction period, and improving the structural seismic performance. However, current research on the mechanical behavior of bolted connections is primarily concentrated on composite structures with normal concrete (NC), and there is no investigation focused on the shear performance of bolt connections embedded in lightweight aggregate concrete (LAC) slabs. Therefore, this paper developed a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model to study the shear properties of the bolt connections embedded in SLACCBs by utilizing ABAQUS software. Nonlinear geometric effects and material nonlinearities were considered in the finite element (FE) modelling. The accuracy and reliability of the FE modelling were initially calibrated and validated against the push-off tests described in the literature. Subsequently, the basic shear properties of the bolted connection embedded in SLACCBs were studied and compared with those of the bolted connection embedded in the NC slab by applying the verified FE modelling. Meanwhile, the effects of the concrete strength, concrete density, bolt diameter, and bolt tensile strength on the shear behavior of the bolt connections embedded in SLACCBs were also investigated using extensive parametric studies. Finally, some design formulae were proposed to predict the bolt connection shear strength.


Polytechnic education is not only the job oriented education but also life time education, not only technical educa-tion but also the higher education. Its various attributes and features decides the importance of researching on the continuousdevelopment. Based on the cooporative education and the CBE modes, established on the foundation of market and social needs,and applying the technical application, realize the healthy development of polytechnic education with the aim of comprehensivedevelopment and longtime study.


Matteo Ricci's (利?? 1552-1610) 天主?? ("The true meaning of the Lord of Heaven") is "an unrivalled example of meeting between Chinese Classics and Christianity" but also marks the beginning of the acceptance of Christianity in Korea. Yi Su-gwang known as Jibong (1563-1628), one of the leading figures of the time, introduced in Korea both Western and Catholic knowledge, through the mediation of the Confucian Chinese books of Matteo Ricci and his friends. The 天主?? was explicitly written in dialogue with Confucianism and all the main topics of the treatise are presented in connection with the Chinese Classics: the existence of God; the human soul; the debate whether the soul is some energy or it is spirit; the issue of reincarnation; the cultivation of moral virtue; the connection between actions, intention and reward; the goodness of human nature.


N Monday October 19, 1987, the Dow Jones Industrial Average of New York Stock Exchange Listings dropped 508 points, a decline of more than twenty-two percent of its value in a single day. Two weeks later, on Monday, November 2, the United States Supreme Court heard argument in Basic Inc. v. Levinson.1 Arguing that stock markets efficiently reflect all public information concerning price, former shareholders of Basic claimed that they had sold their shares at an artificially depressed price because management had denied falsely that the corporation was engaged in merger negotiations.2 Although the shareholders did not know of the corporation's statements at the time they sold their shares, and therefore could not prove reliance in the traditional sense, they argued they could rely on the integrity of the market to reflect such information. In the chaos and continued fall in the stock market following Black Monday, it is not surprising that at oral argument the defendant directors described stock market efficiency as "a hypothesis that many people have ques-


The paper presents a qualitative approach to the results of a research study on the main causes and determining factors that underlie university drop-outs in Chile. Research results suggest that dropping out occurs in two forms: permanently and temporarily with major differences underlying each case. Temporary drop-outs are caused mainly by vocational, sociocultural and motivational factors. Permanent drop-outs are due to socioeconomic reasons. Factors that account for either type of drop-out reflect the different opportunities and limitations that students face in the present day educational system. Thus, consideration of these factors is essential for drafting educational policies in order to reduce the negative effects involved.


Good soldiers will win the war for us. Bad ones ...vill be a drag on their comrades. The supply of men necessary to maintain the full complement of <HIr ranks, as the Prime Minister has announced, is estimated at approximately 32,500 for September, 16,500 for October, and so on. There can be no doubt as to whether this number of men will be supplied from the Commonwealth. The Imperial .authorities have asked for them, and the country will see that means are adopted to ensure that they are forthcoming. Of that there is no reasonable doubt. The medical profession has an i~portant duty to perform in this eonnexion. Under a voluntary system the strong, physically fit man is more likely to offer himself for service than those with disabilities. Under the compulsory system, existing defects may be magnified and imaginary or pretended ones feigned. The medical officers examining recruits will have to exercise much careful judgement, in order that the utility of the reinforcements is kept up to a high level. This duty should not be performed in a casual spirit or lightly. The medical officer may perhaps be tempted to consider the amount of work required of him and the rate of remuneration received for the work. His duty to his country impels him to throw his whole energies into the matter and to safeguard the efficiency of our army by exercising critical judgement, and by utilizing all the means at his disposal to separate the chaff from the corn, to eliminate the men who will he burdens from our forces, and to retain those who are physically and mentally fitted for the strain of warfare.


The problem to compute a V-polytope which is close to a given H-polytope is addressed. Both polytopes are not required to be combinatorially equivalent. This raises the question whether this problem, called approximate vertex enumeration, is easier to realize than exact vertex enumeration. An approximate variant of Motzkin's double description method (DDM) is developed. Under certain strong conditions we are able to control the approximation error and to prove correctness of the algorithm for arbitrary polytopes. For dimension 2 and 3 these conditions can be omitted, which allows an easy implementation of the method. We provide an algorithm for the approximate vertex enumeration problem which is correct in dimension 2 and 3 even if imprecise arithmetic is used. It remains open if the latter results can be extended to a dimension larger than 3.


Abstract: Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a member of CXC chemokine family, has been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Tumor necrosis factor-&agr; (TNF-&agr;) is involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis as well. In this study, we investigated whether and how azelnidipine, a newly developed long-acting calcium antagonist, could inhibit TNF-&agr;-induced IL-8 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). TNF-&agr; significantly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HUVEC, which was completely blocked by azelnidipine or apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Azelnidipine also completely prevented TNF-&agr;–induced increase in NADPH oxidase activity in HUVEC. Further, azelnidipine was found to significantly inhibit activator protein-1 (AP-1) promoter activity and IL-8 expression in TNF-&agr;-exposed HUVEC. An inhibitor of AP-1, curcumin, or an anti-oxidant, N-acetylcysteine, also inhibited the TNF-&agr;-induced IL-8 expression in HUVEC. These results demonstrated that azelnidipine inhibited TNF-&agr;-induced IL-8 expression in HUVEC by blocking NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS generation and subsequent AP-1 activation. Our present study suggests that azelnidipine may play a protective role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis through its anti-oxidative properties.


This paper reports the results of studying various approaches in non-sacrificial boundary lubrication in which the deposition of a beneficial surface layer is the result of a chemical reaction involving one or more components in the lubricating fluid but not the metal surface itself. This is in contrast to the conventional approach which involves the rubbing surfaces as reactants with the components in the lubricant and usually promotes wear as the result of chemical change of the surfaces. The most interesting findings show that a reaction between a molybdenum complex and a mixture of zinc dialkylphosphorodithioates produced in situ deposition of MoS2 and some other unidentified crystalline material. Effective reductions in friction and wear were obtained. Electron diffraction patterns of the worn metal surface established the presence of MoS2. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the Lubrication Conference held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, October 16–18, 1962.


Some universities are looking to provide a more diverse range of clinical learning experiences through extended clinical placement programs. This approach will potentially have a significant impact on practitioners. The aim of this study was to conduct a national survey of optometrists to ascertain their perspectives on participating in extended clinical placement programs.


PURPOSE: A sludge supply device with a sludge preheating function is provided to compact a sludge dryer by decreasing a length having the highest stickiness of the device, and to effectively dry the sludge by pre-heating the sludge. CONSTITUTION: A sludge drying system includes a hopper(401), a sludge supply device(403), and a dryer(405). A sludge supply device with a sludge pre-heating function includes a screw(431) moving the sludge supplied from the hopper to the dryer; an air circulating part(437,440,435) offering an air flow path with the air discharged from the dryer; and a discharge part(408) discharging the sludge to the dryer which is moved by the screw. The sludge dryer includes a sludge input part(407), a disk part, a sludge packing part, and a sludge discharge part.


Unmanned aerial vehicles are flying devices that can be controlled remotely or autonomously by an on-board autopilot. This thesis gives a brief insight into the history of unmanned aerial vehicles and a more thorough overview of components found in ArduPilot Mega (APM) that can also be found in complex commercial autopilots.
The first chapter gives an insight into the short history of such vehicles. The second chapter focuses on hardware components of APM autopilot - control logic, sensors, actuators and wireless telemetry. Software side of APM is covered in the third chapter, with details of autopilot capabilities, firmware, ground control software and MAVLink communication protocol designed specifically for small aerial vehicles. The fourth chapter explains installation of autopilot into model airplane, different configuration options and analyzes a simple autonomous mission.


A flow microcalorimeter designed to measure the heat capacity of fluids at temperatures to 573 K and pressures to 1 kbar is described. this instrument is a reconstructionof the device used earlier in this laboratory to measure the Na/sub 2/SO/sub 4/(aq) heat capacity. The new instrument includes several improvements. In addition, a problem associated with the calibration of flow calorimeters for power losses is addressed. A new technique which circumvents this problem is proposed and shown to yield accurate results. Estimates of experimental precision are given.


Aiming at the advantages of air cushioned vehicles running on soft terrain and referring to the crawling mechanism of crawling pipeline robot,this paper introduces a new type of bionic stepping air cushioned vehicle——push pull air cushioned platform.It also presents the structure design scheme and illustrates the walking principle of straight and steering movement according to the structural characteristics of the platform.


This paper examines the effect of building design parameters on energy consumption in Jordan. Different building configurations were tested through the study to test the effect on energy consumption for cooling and heating. The study compared the traditional buildings with the modern buildings in Jordan. Eighty vernacular buildings were studied in different climatic regions in Jordan classified according to four major building variables; form, orientation, materials, and used shading devices. An energy simulation program for building (DEROB-LTH) was used to analyze the parametric design elements on energy consumption incorporated with thermal comfort in architectural space. The study developed a model for applying different design criteria in different climatic regions in Jordan that highly prioritizes energy consumption in buildings with great consideration of building forms.


Purpose – Offers an example of mobile robot networking and sensors. Design/methodology/approach – Displays an example of a prototype mobile robot called M-Tran III. Findings – Teams of simple, modular robots can assume a wide variety of shapes to allow movement and cooperative behavior. Research limitations/implications – The ability for modular robots to network through physical and electronic means allows more adaptable teams and systems. Practical implications – The practical implications of improved mobile robot sensors, both internal and external, will allow greater adaptability and intelligence for exploration and construction. Originality/value – Reveals innovations in mobile robot communication and re-configurability.


Due to the chemical reactivity of the electrolyte, electrolyte decomposition often occurs at the electrode-electrolyte interface during cycling, which can lead to a loss in LIB performance. On the anode side, however, the formation of a stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) is essential for the safe operation of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The SEI layer, which is permeable for Li+ ions, protects the electroactive materials from direct contact with the electrolyte, thereby inhibiting further electrolyte decomposition. In the formation cycles of fresh cells, electrolyte degradation is primarily attributed to the SEI formation processes at the anode. Several literature reports have confirmed that the newly formed interphase consists of organic and inorganic decomposition products of the electrolyte.1 To increase battery performance, cycle life and safety, it is essential to form a stable SEI.2 A common strategy to stabilize the SEI is to use additives in the electrolyte composition. The additives should exhibit higher reduction potentials than other electrolyte components to enable preferential reduction and incorporation into the SEI. The most common SEI forming additives are fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC). They both decompose during the formation cycle to form a polymeric layer at the electrode surface.
 The electrolyte decomposition reactions which lead to SEI formation are usually accompanied by gaseous side products. The evolving gas species form a complex gas mixture which can be separated by gas chromatography (GC) into their individual components and subsequently identified by mass spectrometry (MS). While operando GC/MS gives information on the volatile side products of the electrolyte decomposition reactions, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can be used to identify the degradation products that form on the surface of the electrode and are incorporated into the SEI. The combination of the two techniques allows a more comprehensive picture of SEI formation processes to be drawn.
 In this work, operando GC/MS of Lithium-ion full cells with NMC 811 cathodes and graphite anodes was used to compare the gas species evolving during the formation reactions in an electrolyte with the composition of 1M LiPF6 in EC/DEC 1:1 with FEC and VC electrolyte additives in a ratio of 1w%, respectively. In a comparative study we present the decomposition pathways of the electrolytes with and without SEI forming additives by analysing the composition of the gas phase as a function of cell potential. We observe that the complex gas mixture consists of carbonate components originating from transesterification reactions and evaporation of the volatile electrolyte. In addition, inorganic components such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are produced, which mainly stem from the degradation of cyclic carbonates. Furthermore, the gas phase consists of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons which can be ascribed to the linear carbonate components as well as ether and carbonyl components. We have also observed that it is possible to distinguish between volatile compounds which form during the charge and discharge processes, respectively. The increased gas evolution at the beginning of the formation cycle confirms that a substantial part of the passivation layer is formed during charge. Finally, operando GC/MS was also used to monitor the evolution of the decomposition products during battery operation at overcharge conditions.
 Acknowledgement:
 The author gratefully acknowledges the FFG (Austrian Research Promotion Agency) for funding this research within project No. 879613
 References:

 Verma, P., Maire, P. & Novák, P. A review of the features and analyses of the solid electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries. Electrochim. Acta
 55, 6332–6341 (2010).

 Qian, Y. et al. Investigations on the electrochemical decomposition of the electrolyte additive vinylene carbonate in Li metal half cells and lithium ion full cells. J. Power Sources
 332, 60–71 (2016).


While fuel cladding failures have decreased significantly over the years, fuel cladding can still develop defects in the form of cracks, blisters, and circumferential hydride precipitates when irradiated. After drying for storage, circumferential precipitates may reorient as radial hydrides. This study examines if these hydrides could potentially influence the bending performance of the rod. Using a hollow, simply supported fuel tube to simulate the limiting behavior of a spent fuel rod deprived of the flexural rigidity contribution of the pellets, effects of the hydrides presence and orientation on the fuel rod bending structural performance are assessed. Within the confines of the finite element analyses (FEAs) of a flawed bare fuel tube, the bending strength of the hollow tube is shown not to be significantly compromised by the presence of the modeled circumferential and radial hydrides.


In this age of modern era, the use of internet must be maximized. Yeah, internet will help us very much not only for important thing but also for daily activities. Many people now, from any level can use internet. The sources of internet connection can also be enjoyed in many places. As one of the benefits is to get the on-line handbook of tuberculosis clinics diagnostics therapy and epidemiology book, as the world window, as many people suggest.


ABSTRACT Australia and New Zealand have done relatively well in international terms in combating COVID-19, aided by their geographical isolation and political leadership. Overall, they have pursued strategies of assertive suppression in relation to the virus, varying to some extent between 'softer' and 'harder' versions, as among the federal government in Australia, the various Australian states and territories, and New Zealand. Economically both countries have experienced a recession, New Zealand more so than Australia. Governments in both countries have pursued Keynesian policies, acting decisively to provide wage support and assist businesses. The assumption is that these policies will provide the necessary stimulus to prevent economic collapse and to enhance the prospects for subsequent economic recovery. Internationally the relative success of Australia and New Zealand in responding to COVID enhances their ability to influence the post-COVID world. While Australia as the larger country is better positioned in this respect, New Zealand also has considerable 'soft power'.


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Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) is a proficient on-interest routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). It relies on upon two fundamental systems: Route Discovery and Route Maintenance. Route discovery is the methodology utilized at the source of the packets to find a route to the destination. Route Maintenance is the methodology that finds link breakage also, repairs them. Route caching is the sub method serviceable to keep away from the interest for finding a route or to decrease route discovery delay before each information bundle is sent. The objective of this paper is to assess the execution of DSR in TCP and UDP environment. Distinctive execution expressions are explored including, average throughput, end to-end delay, and average packet delivery ratio, depending on TCP and UDP environment by varying number of nodes. In this study we find which environment best suit for DSR protocol.


Motivated by convex‐concave bedrock river profiles developed across a climate gradient on the wetside of the Kohala Peninsula of the Big Island of Hawai'i, we numerically model how rainfall gradients may influence longitudinal fluvial incision patterns. First, we model transient profile adjustment with two tectonic boundary conditions: subsidence and uplift. In this generalized analysis, we assume that rainfall gradients only influence incision by modifying the relation between upstream drainage area and local discharge. Using a detachment‐limited model, downstream increases in rainfall lead to profile convexities during transient adjustment in both tectonic settings, and this is the opposite of the predicted increase in profile concavity that would develop in a steady state uplifting profile. A transport‐limited erosion model develops only concave channel profiles without clear signatures of the rainfall pattern. Second, we model the development of convex‐concave transient profiles and incision patterns on Kohala using a detachment‐limited model. If rainfall gradients only influence incision through the local discharge, reasonable rainfall gradients can only develop channel convexities that are much smaller than those observed. Instead, we hypothesize that local bedrock erodibility increases with the degree of rainfall‐dependent chemical weathering. When local erodibility is assumed to scale with local rainfall rate, the model can produce convex‐concave profiles similar to those observed in Kohala. Our results suggest that changes in local bedrock erodibility due to local climate‐dependent weathering may be an important mechanism by which climate influences landscape form and rates of evolution. This hypothesis requires further testing in this study area and beyond.


The climate has not always interested the law in the same way. Rather, it will be a matter of monitoring the evolution of the place that "climate change", as "the undesired increase in the greenhouse effect" and as "the risk and threat to humanity due to The activity of man "- arouses in law. How did the law apprehend it? And, above all, what changes has it induced in the modes of climate governance?


Objective To explore the value of using ultrasonography B in diagnosing intrauterine fetal residual and the ultrasonographic features of intrauterine fetal residual.Methods Use ALOKA SSD-1400 ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus to have ultrasonic examination on 102 clinical patients who have been doubtfully diagnosed as intrauterine fetal residual.Results The positive rate of ultrasonic examination is 90.2%;the coincidence rate of comparing with pathologic diagnosis after operation is 92.2%.Conclusion The case of intrauterine fetal residual has a certain graphic manifestation.Ultrasonography can give rather correct diagnosis and provide the reliable basis for the clinical treatment.


This paper aims at developing a practical framework for investigating the application of lean production practices and green technology in the supply chain of the hotel industry in the Abu Dhabi area. The study first develops the construct of a hotel supply chain and identifies the types of waste across the supply chain. Second, the study assesses the extent of knowledge in lean thinking and principles in the industry, explores the adopted lean techniques, and identifies the gap in current existing lean practices. The same approach is applied to analyze the extent of adopting green practices across the supply chain of hotels. Based on the results of gap analysis, the study will develop a framework to assist lean and green deployment in the supply chain of this growing sector of the service economy in Abu Dhabi and across the world. The emphasis will be on reducing the lean-identified seven types of wastes in the hotel supply chain, which typically increases its operational effectiveness and improves service quality. This is also expected to contribute to the increasing effort of incorporating sustainability in the services supply chains. The study results and the developed framework will be shared with the participating Abu Dhabi hotel industry.


A Radio Over Fiber is an integration of fiber optic and wireless networks, which provides untethered access to broadband wireless communications in a wide range of applications including extension of existing radio coverage and capacity, last mile solutions, etc. Radio Over Fiber (ROF) access facilitates high-capacity multimedia services in a real-time basis. The ROF system model developed in Optisystem 10 have integrated systems for both RF wireless and optical fiber whereby, the ROF network model consists of a central station, a remote access unit and an optical fiber link model that uses the commercially available parameters. Here we investigates the variations in Q factor, BER and eye opening with respect to the wavelength, bit rate and fiber length for RZ coding using the simulation software.


Relations between two‐dimensional physical systems, continuous‐spin Hamiltonians, and discrete spin or Potts models are established by Landau symmetry and renormalization‐group arguments. Experimental realizations of XY and Heisenberg models with cubic anisotropy as well as of different Potts models are reviewed. Then a unified model encompassing these classes of models is introduced. For the special case of a six‐state discrete model a phase diagram is proposed based on duality and Migdal renormalization‐group transformations.


In this personal account, we describe our recent developments on the four types of amino Tf‐amide catalysts in asymmetric transformations. Firstly, axially chiral biaryl‐based secondary‐amino Tf‐amide catalyzed various stereoselective reactions via enamine intermediates. Secondly, pyrrolidine‐based secondary‐amino aliphatic Tf‐amide catalyzed asymmetric direct Mannich reaction. Thirdly, chiral primary‐amino aliphatic Tf‐amide catalyzed asymmetric direct aldol reaction and conjugate addition. Finally, modified chiral amino aromatic Tf‐amide catalyzed asymmetric transformations. These four different strategies are illustrated by using various organocatalyzed asymmetric transformations.


The aim of this project is to use the techniques of molecular genetics to identify, clone, sequence, and enhance the expression of proteins which remove sulfur covalently bound to coal. This includes the movement and expression of these proteins into bacterial species which may be more useful in the industrial application of a biological desulfurization process.


Stepping—encompassing walking, running and stairclimbing—is the fundamental mode of human movement. Higher stepping volume and intensity is associated with favourable health outcomes. 2 Over the last quarter of the century, stepping has declined by over 1000 steps per day (7%–13% of total count, roughly equivalent to ~10 min of brisk walking). As a simple 'objective' measure of ambulatory physical activity, formal steppingbased recommendations may provide a target that is easy to understand and monitor. As selfmonitoring of steps may be an effective physical activity intervention, such recommendations may support more people to be sufficiently active. This editorial discusses the opportunities and challenges surrounding the addition of steppingbased recommendations to future guidelines. DAILY STEPS: AN OLD-NEW TARGET? Current physical activity recommendations are based on weekly duration (time) of moderate and vigorous activity (MVPA). For some people steps may be an easier to monitor and more concrete behavioural metric than time at a particular intensity. For example, step counting devices (pedometers, accelerometers or smartphones) have historically been more accessible than MVPA timequantifying devices. Simple mechanical pedometers first appeared almost 60 years ago around the Tokyo 1964 Olympics, with the Yamasa companydesigned 'ManpoKei' ('10 000 steps metre') being the first commercial step counter. The proliferation of stepcounting devices in the last 20 years saw the 10 000 daily steps target being treated as an unofficial goal that increasingly attracted public attention (online supplemental image 1).


We report an observation of soliton rains in normal dispersion Yb fiber laser. The cavity consisted of a narrow filter and a broad birefringent plate filter. Soliton rain was obtained in the weak mode-locking regime.


The paper includes general findings of the study with respect to the impact of academic social networks on the academicians' professional practice. The authors consider academic social networks as the new means of communication that seek to overcome the limits of traditional means of communication, i.e. academic conferences, scholarly periodicals and books. The study shows that web-platforms, including academic social networks, challenge the superiority of journals in the system of science communications. Based on the results of the empirical study, the authors pay extra focus to studying communication processes via digital platforms. It shows that social networks, due to their specific nature, transform the scientific activity, i.e. change an academician's motivation and values, encouraging the pursuit of high ratings, more content, citations, followers and page traffic. The authors consider social networks as a tool of open science ideology, concluding that promotion of social networks profiles is underlined by certain power interests aimed at restructuring science communication pursuant to the values of the neoliberal economy.


Polyether amino silicone modified polysiloxane was hydrophilic silicone surfactant.It was mostly applied in the field of pesticide industry,textile industry,daily chemical etc.In this paper,the unsaturated epoxy-containing polyether was synthesized by unsaturated polyether macromolecules and 1-chloro-2,3-epoxy propane.It was then reacted with low hydrogen containing silicone oil via hydrosilylation to produce epoxy-containing polyether silicone.In the end,diethylamine was used to open the epoxy bond to get the final product.The effects of the mass ratio,the reaction temperature and the reaction time on the conversion of hydrogen-containing silicone oil were studied.And the best values were obtained.The structure of the key intermediate and the product was characterized by IR.And its surface activity was determined.


interesting avenue for future research. Reid's methodological focus on the written products of the labour conflict brings him into close contact with a lot of political rhetoric and trades union jargon. The translation of this difficult material can lead to some unfortunate English (a deal is said to 'bring water to the mill of class collaboration' for instance: 255). Gallicisms also leak into the prose, impeding its flow ('enterprise' is preferred over 'business', workers engage in 'contestation', 'numbers' of a journal are produced rather than 'issues' etc.). These may seem like small issues of translation, but they have a larger impact on Reid's aim of transmitting the vibrancy and relevancy of the Lip struggle to a new generation of activists. Indeed, in providing us with such a comprehensive history of the Lip experiment, Reid is as much demonstrating how the events of the '68 years have passed into history as they are an example for activism on the left today.


According to the World Tourism Organization the number of international travels, in 2012, around the world surpassed 1 billion, of which more than half had as purpose of travel tourism. Among the targets of the 'holiday trips "are the beach, the countryside, nature reserves, etc.. Certain forms of perception and / or representation of natural attract tourists to these areas. This text exposes the construction of a theme, the relationship between tourism and nature, from a case study: the leisure farms on the banks of the Capivara Dam, Paranapanema River, north of the state of Parana.


The influence of destination factors on overseas visitors' decision-making is discussed before they come to China.First of all,factor analysis is used for destination factors to get common factors and classified the destination factors by correlativity.The impact of destination factor on tourism decision-making from the diffrence variance contribution ration is evaluated.Then,according to different countries'tourists focus on different destination factors,the main visitor countries can be sorted into several groups by using clustering analysis,which offers the reference for tourism management.


The development of effective algorithms for the simulation of facies in petroleum systems continues to be limited to techniques relying on linear spatial dependence; Truncated Gaussian Simulation, Plurigaussian Simulation and Sequential Indicator Simulation, in addition to pattern-based techniques based on Multiple Point Statistics. Recent research in the development of new geostatistical techniques for continuous variables has found that the requirement of linear spatial dependence is very rarely satisfied. Datasets from micrometre to kilometre scale have been analysed spatially and, in all cases, significant non-linearity in the spatial dependence structure have been observed. This paper replaces the Gaussian 'engine' in Truncated Gaussian Simulation and Plurigaussian Simulation, which requires linear spatial dependence, with a copula-based algorithm that is able to model non-linear dependence structures. The advantage is a facies model that does not contain the symmetric spatial artefacts that characterise Gaussian-based models. In flow simulation terms, this means that the connectivity (and directional connectivity) of different facies within the reservoir architecture to be modelled with greater fidelity, honouring the expected continuities of each of the facies elements. Furthermore, extending recent research by Horning and Bardossy on directional and order asymmetry for continuous variables to consider their application to facies models allows the development of facies-models that are able to represent the directional asymmetry found in sedimentary depositional systems. This allows a better representation of the distal and proximal elements in depositional systems as well as the opportunity to model complex asymmetries associated with meandering channel and estuaries.


Commercial carbon fiber (CF) fabrics are popular electrode materials for bioelectrochemical systems (BES), but are usually not optimized for the specific application. This study investigates BES-relevant material characteristics on fabric level, such as weave types and weave parameters. The two contrasting weave types plain and leno weave were characterized with respect to their envisaged application types: 1) BES with mainly advective flow regimes and 2) stirred systems, which could benefit from fluid flow through a fabric electrode. Experiments with batch and continuously fed pure cultures of Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 reveal that µm-scale electrode topologies are of limited use for the thick biofilms of G. sulfurreducens, but can boost S. oneidensis' current generation especially in batch and fed-batch reactors. For advective flow regimes, deeper layers of biofilm inside microporous electrodes are often mass transport limited, even with thin biofilms of S. oneidensis. Therefore, low porosity plain weave electrodes for advective flow operation as in wastewater treating BES should be thin and flat. A trade-off between maximized current density and electrode material utilization exists, which is optimized exemplarily for an advective flow operation. For stirred BES of biotechnological applications, a flow-through of electrolyte is desired. For this, leno weave fabrics with pores at cm-scale are produced from 100% CF for the first time. In a preliminary evaluation, they outperform plain weave fabrics. Mass transfer investigations in stirred BES demonstrate that the large pores enable efficient electrode utilization at lower power input in terms of stirring speed.


Astrophysical S‐factors for (p,n) reactions on stable Pd isotopes derived from experimental cross sections were compared to statistical model predictions with the NON‐SMOKER code. Satisfactory agreement was found. Reaction rates were derived by combining experiment and theory.


The second-order hyperpolarizability (βx) of 2-[cyano(methoxycarbonyl)methylene]-4-phenyl-1,3-dithiole (1) is found theoretically to decrease sharply when the phenyl group is orientated at an angle of around 30° to the plane of the dithiole ring.


In this work we used the Multi-Energy method to estimate the overpressure and the positive phase duration as a function of the distance from the explosion center, resulting from Vapour Cloud Explosions of LPG-air mixtures in highly congested areas near the LPG storage area. Simulations were made for square shaped zones planted with 10 m high trees and areas ranging from 50,000 m 2 to 250,000 m 2 . The criterion used to evaluate the risk to a LPG storage sphere, was a maximum stretching of 0.2% of the diagonal arm braces. The explosion effects were studied for a 14.5 m of diameter LPG storage sphere, located at distances ranging from 10 m to 100 m away from the border of the congested area. The minimum safe distance from the congested area to the nearest structure seams to have a maximum value, but further conclusions would require a different approach as the loading would be Dynamic instead of Impulsive for grove areas bigger than 250,000 m 2 . It is shown that congested areas of at least 100,000 m 2 can be a risk to the LPG spheres with the least amount of filling. From the storage units security point of view, its is possible to conclude based in the results, that it is better to keep a smaller number of full filled spheres than many spheres with less filling of LPG. It was estimated for congested areas with 25 % blockage ratio that the minimum safe distance, measured from the edge of the trees to the sphere, varies from 10 m, for 100,000 m 2 areas, to 87.6 m, for 250,000 m 2 areas. The tree spacing influence represented by the blockage ratio was also analyzed, showing how much its change can affect the sphere minimum safe distance. Finally, recommendations are made regarding the minimum safe distance between the spheres and the congested area, as well as other ways to lessen the risk represented by explosions resulting from the accidental formation of flammable mixtures inside them.


The paper aims to determine why the rate of land use transfers in the selected region Hebei province has been so low compared with the average by the introduction of possible factors that may have an impact on rural households' willingness to transfer land use right and as well to find out the decisive factors so as to propose implications accordingly. Econometric results indicate that the absence of a social security system in rural areas, the lack of freedom of many farm households to negotiate the terms of transfers of their land use rights, and the low proportion of total household income that comes from non-farm sources are the main factors that can explain this phenomenon.


The earthquake performance of a school building having three stories which has been retrofitted afterwards by two approaches, are investigated herein this study. The school building that constructed in 1970, in city of Zanjan (Iran), is studied to investigate earthquake performance. The building has six and three spans at x and y directions, respectively. The story heights from first to third floors are 4.00m, 3.75m and 3.75m, respectively. The structural system of the building consists of reinforced concrete frames. The material tests are carried out by using destructive and nondestructive testing techniques on the columns. Compressive strength of concrete is evaluated by means of statistical procedures which yield the lower and the upper concrete strength is obtained to be 20.0MPa and 28.3MPa. Numerical analysis of the building is carried out by adopting a three dimensional modeling in SAP2000 software, under vertical and lateral loads according to Iranian Earthquake Resistant Design Code (IERDC 2007). The pushover analysis is carried out for each of x and y directions and capacity spectrum method, which is based on static pushover analysis, is used to obtain the performance levels of the existing structural system. Numerical results reveal that the existing structural system is insufficient and it should be strengthened. Two different strengthening techniques, jacketing of columns and adding shear walls, are considered to strengthen the building. By use of steel braces and strengthening of infill walls between frames is not considered. The strengthened systems are analyzed similarly and performance evaluation is realized, based on the demand and capacity curves. Nonlinear elastic performance method assessment is accomplished according to FEMA-356 and Iranian Code-360. Immediate occupancy under the design earthquake and the life safety under the maximum earthquake are considered in design of the extent of the strengthening intervention. Numerical results are given in figures and tables, comparatively.


Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles or pure electric vehicles have been promoted and developed as a potential technology to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants by using electricity instead of petroleum,and by improving electric system efficiency by providing vehicle-to-grid(V2G) services.Recently,both hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles have a larger development.The traditional power grid technology becomes an main obstacle to its large-scale application.This paper estimates the challenges and requirements to the power grid by large-scale plug-in electric vehicles,and proposes that plug-in electric vehicles can be developed with smart grid construction.By this way,both economic benefits and the reliability of power system can be obtained.


The intelligent food card system has become an essential part of the digital society. Recently the solutions based on SaaS in China have become popular for the advantages of less upfront investment, good service quality and convenience maintainability. In this study, we discussed the solutions for three challenges: personalized demand, system integration and information utilization. Firstly, it was suggested that different users should select the private cloud or public cloud mode. Next, the students intelligent food card system model based on SaaS was proposed. The model with layered architecture has good configurability, flexibility and integration metrics. Then, several methods were put forward to solve the integration between the card systems with other information systems.


This study conducted an interview questionnaire survey of 245 old people in some halls for the aged in the Daejeon Metropolitan City from June 1 to 31, 2008. on their attitudes toward and practice items for oral health, resulting in the following findings. 1. In terms of socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, males females were 48.2% and 51.8% respectively, and in the educational level, no-education, elementary school graduation, middle school graduation, and high school graduation and higher were 27.8%, 33.9%, 26.5%, and 11.8%, respectively, showing the statistically significant difference (p=0.009). 2. In terms of attitudes toward oral health management by oral health care education, regarding questions of use of oral and dental hygiene products (p=0.016), experience in scaling, and whether or not they wear false teeth (p=0.018), a group having received the education rather than a group not having received it showed more positive oral health management attitudes, indicating the statistically significant difference. 3. In daily living inconvenience of acute oral health diseases according to oral health care education, acute oral diseases presents in a group with the education (2.30±0.72) lower than in a group without the education (2.49±0.63), indicating the statistically significant difference(p=0.031). 4. Factors of oral health diseases showed the significant relation with types of health insurance, subjective systemic health status, acute diseases and subjective oral health status (p<0.01), and the explanatory power or the final model was 38%. Accordingly it is thought that there is the indicated need for analyzing and grasping factors related to oral health diseases among the elderly through considering their attitudes toward and practice for oral health, and developing programs of enhancing the oral health of the elderly in order for them to change their attitudes and habits, and also reinforcing oral health care education for the elderly focused on making them perform oral health behaviors in a right way.


A model is presented for calculating the minimum amount of blow-through steam for condensate drainage in paper drying cylinders. Two criteria for cylinder flooding are given. First, the condensate must be lifted from the inner cylinder wall by the decrease in pressure in the siphon inlet. Secondly, the drag force on the drops in the siphon tube must be higher than the centrifugal force acting in the opposite direction. Good agreement has been achieved between the calculated and the experimental gas velocities for the flow of air and water. The equations can be quite easily applied to different siphon designs and to conditions in steam-heated cylinders.


The purpose of this thesis is to broaden the research field and contribute with a new perspective regarding insider trading and insiders' ability to avoid negative abnormal return.
An event study framework is applied to examine market efficiency on Swedish stock market. Market model is used as an equilibrium model for identifying abnormal returns.
The theoretical framework is built on efficient market hypothesis, concept of information asymmetry and signaling hypothesis. The data about insider transactions and stock performance for time period 2000 to 2010 is studied. The findings contradict the efficient market hypothesis in its strongest form. Insiders in Swedish listed firms are able to avoid wealth decrease by selling their shares prior to decline in stock price.


Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was the first tight junction protein to be cloned, and has been implicated as an important scaffold protein. It contains multiple domains that bind a diverse set of junction proteins. However, the molecular functions of ZO-1 and related proteins such as ZO-2 and ZO-3 have remained unclear. We now show that gene silencing of ZO-1 causes a delay of ~3 hours in tight junction formation in MDCK epithelial cells, but mature junctions appear functionally normal even in the continuing absence of ZO-1. Depletion of ZO-2, cingulin, or occludin, proteins that can interact with ZO-1, had no discernable effects on tight junctions. Rescue of junction assembly using murine ZO-1 mutants demonstrated that the ZO-1 C-terminus is neither necessary nor sufficient for normal assembly. Moreover, mutation of the PDZ1 domain did not block rescue. However, point mutations in the SH3 domain almost completely prevented rescue. Surprisingly, the isolated SH3 domain of ZO-1 could also rescue junction assembly. These data reveal an unexpected function for the SH3 domain of ZO-1 in regulating tight junction assembly in epithelial cells, and show that cingulin, occludin, or ZO-2 are not limiting for junction assembly in MDCK monolayers. INTRODUCTION Epithelia form the archetypal polarized tissue of the Metazoa (Knust and Bossinger, 2002; Gibson and Perrimon, 2003; Nelson, 2003). Typically, they create a barrier between the extracellular environment and the interior of the organism. Epithelia organize into layered sheets of cells with apical-basal polarity and strong cell-cell adhesions. The tight junction is the most apical adhesion between epithelial cells and is a complex structure that functions both as a barrier to the paracellular diffusion of ions and molecules, and as a fence to separate the apical plasma membrane from the basolateral domain in polarized epithelia (D'Atri and Citi, 2002; Gonzalez-Mariscal et al., 2003; Matter and Balda, 2003). Tight junctions are fine-tuned to perform specific


The technological development nowadays has allowed the use of smart appliances and machines almost anywhere. The refrigerator is considered one of the most significant appliances that is being used in almost every place for the purpose of storing foods, drinks, and medicines at cold temperatures, and in a sealed place to avoid it from being exposed. Therefore, a system is introduced which can manage fridge load with AI and IoT alert. Using object detection, the system is able to detect types of drinks which are cans and bottles. The dataset images of cans and bottles is trained using two models, Faster R-CNN and SSD mobilenet. The system will count the number of drinks detected by the camera, which the data obtained is sent to IoT cloud which is Ubidots. The Ubidots dashboard will show the number of drinks detected and the stock availability. In the same time, if the number of drinks detected is zero, it will send a notification via the Telegram to alert the user that the drinks are out of stock. Using this system is better since it only need to use a camera as the medium to detect products instead of using many sensors which cause wiring hassle.