The article discusses main problems of development of human capital in developing countries. The main
purpose of the article is to identify problems of effective use of human capital in developing countries. The relevance
of the article is to justify the economic content of human capital, to analyze the basic indicators and indices of human
capital development in developing countries in comparison with other countries of the world, to make a comparative
analysis of the problems of effective use of human capital by countries, and the World Bank's role in the development
of human capital. The article identifies problematic issues of projects for the development of human capital. The general
methodological basis of the article is the general scientific methods of knowledge used for the theoretical analysis
of economic phenomena. The results of the study confirm the need to make additions to human capital development
programs and the need to create conditions and factors for its effective development in order to create an innovative
economy of the future. The ways of improving human capital development programs are proposed.


Bayesian inverse problems for inferring the unknown forcing and initial condition of Navier-Stokes equation play important roles in many practical areas. The computation cost of sampling the posterior probability measure can be exceedingly high. We develop the Finite Element Multilevel Markov Chain Monte Carlo (FE-MLMCMC) sampling method for approximating expectation with respect to the posterior probability measure of quantities of interest for a model problem of Navier-Stokes equation in the two dimensional periodic torus. We first consider the case where the forcing and the initial condition are bounded for all the realizations and depend linearly on a countable set of random variables which are uniformly distributed in a compact interval. We establish the essentially optimal convergence rate of the method and verify it numerically. The method follows from that developed in V. H. Hoang, Ch. Schwab and A. M. Stuart, Inverse problems, vol. 29, 2013 for inferring the coefficients of linear elliptic forward equations under the uniform prior probability measure. In the case of the Gaussian prior probability measure, numerical results, using the MLMCMC method developed for the Gaussian prior in V. H. Hoang, J. H. Quek and Ch. Schwab, Inverse problems, vol. 36, 2020, indicate the essentially optimal convergence rates. However, a rigorous theory for the MLMCMC sampling procedure is not available, due to the non-integrability with respect to the Gaussian prior of the theoretical finite element errors of the forward solvers that are available in the literature.


posed by different and divergent pieces; in various occasions each one of them shows itself with a different appearance. Therefore, describing the nature and condition of a single man is very hard and difficult, and even more so is the will to refer his actions and ideas to a single norm. This explains why so many authors can be found [37v] who have written on the nature of horses, dogs and falcons, and who have devised with such an exactitude their customs and conditions, while very few have wanted to deal with men, and even so only in passing. The one who talked about them better was Theophrastus, Aristotle ' s disciple,who reserved the enterprise for the last years of his life as he was already eighty years old, and compiled a historical treatise about it with observations on the characters of the human soul; a fragment of his work made it all the way down to us, the rest was destroyed by the inclemency of times. ⁷ ¹


Nursing management through the acute phase. The rehabilitation phase. Nursing management of posture and mobility. Nursing management of nutrition. Nursing management of elimination. Nursing management of personal hygiene. Nursing management of sleep and rest. Nursing management of communication. Nursing management of spiritual comfort. Nursing management of leisure and employment. Nursing management of sexuality.


Electronically tunable optical true-time delay lines are proposed. The devices utilize the combination of apodised gratings and the free-carrier plasma effect to tune the enhanced delay of silicon waveguides at a fixed wavelength. Three variations of the proposed scheme are studied and compared. The compact and integrable devices can achieve tuning ranges as high as ~660 ps with a loss of < 2.2 dB when operated in the reflection mode of the gratings. A delay of ~40 ps with a loss of < 10 dB and an estimated operation bit rate of ~20 Gb/s can be achieved. True time-delay scheme for feeding optically controlled phased-array antennas using chirped-fiber gratings, " IEEE Photon. tunable delays using parametric mixing and phase conjugation in Si nanowaveguides, " Opt. All-fiber variable optical delay line for applications in optical coherence tomography: feasibility study for a novel delay line, " Opt. Continuously variable optical delay line based on a chirped fiber Bragg grating, " IEEE Photon. Analysis of a microwave time delay based on a perturbed uniform fiber Bragg grating operating at constant wavelength, " J. Compact silicon-based integrated optic time delays, " IEEE Photon. Continuously tunable, wavelength-selective buffering in optical packet switching networks, " IEEE Photon. Continuously tunable 1 byte delay in coupled-resonator optical waveguides, " Opt. Wide-bandwidth continuously tunable optical delay line using silicon microring resonators, " Opt. Tunable delay lines in silicon photonics: coupled resonators and photonic crystals, a comparison, " IEEE Photon. Error-free continuously-tunable delay at 10 Gbit/s in a reconfigurable on-chip delay-line, " Opt. Nano-photonic crystal waveguides for ultra-compact tunable true time delay lines, " Proc. Wide range tuning of slow light pulse in SOI photonic crystal coupled waveguide via folded chirping, " IEEE J. Integrated resonance-enhanced variable optical delay lines, " IEEE Photon. A new exact and efficient numerical matrix theory of complicated laser structures: properties of asymmetric phase-shifted DFB lasers, " J. On the transfer matrix method for distributed-feedback waveguide devices, " J. Hybrid analog–digital variable fiber-optic delay line, " J. Slab-modulated sidewall Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides, " IEEE Photon. Uniform and sampled Bragg gratings in SOI strip waveguides with sidewall corrugations, " IEEE Photon. Fabrication of subwavelength aluminum wire grating using nanoimprint lithography and reactive ion etching, " Microelectron. Nanoimprint lithography based approach for the fabrication of large-area, uniformly oriented plasmonic arrays, " Adv. Mater. Nanoimprint lithography fabrication of waveguide-integrated optical gratings with inexpensive stamps, " …


Background : Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease where the cause is due to Salmonella Typhi bacterial infection (Alba, 2016). The third generation of Cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones has a good penetrating tissue so they can effectively kill bacteria (Yunita, Pramestutie, Divine, & Achmad, 2018).

Purpose : This study is to discover the pattern of antibiotics cephalosporins on typhoid fever patient in sidoarjo hospital consisting of dosages, rute of administration, frecuency, and duration of administration antibiotics

Method : This observational study employed retrospective method on typhoid fever patient

Result and Conclusion : Cephalosporins antibiotic therapy was used singly in 57 patients (85%) and combination in 10 patient (15%). Single Cephalosporins that most commonly used is Ceftriaxon (2×1g)i.v in 41 patients (71%). The most widely used switching pattern is Ceftriaxon (2×1g)i.v to Amoxiclav (3×1,2g)i.v in 3 patients (13%).


We introduce the resistant length and examine its prop- erties. We also consider the geometric applications of resistant length to the boundary behavior of analytic functions, conformal mappings and derive the theorem in connection with the cluster sets, purely geometric problems. The method of resistant length leads a simple proofs of theorems. So it shows us the usefulness of the method of resistant length.


Ultra-high energy cosmic ray protons accelerated in astrophysical objects produce secondary electromagnetic cascades during propagation in the cosmic microwave and infrared backgrounds. Those cascades contribute to the GeV-TeV diffuse photon flux, measured by Fermi LAT experiment. Recent studies of 3 years of Fermi LAT data have shown that diffuse gamma-ray background at E > 10GeV is about factor of 2 smaller then original one year data. This affects both models of UHECR and secondary cosmogenic neutrino fluxes. We show the allowed range of cosmogenic neutrino fluxes scanning over unknown UHECR parameters such as injected proton maximum energy and power law index, evolution of sources, systematic shift of UHECR energy scale. We consider three evolution models in which the UHECR sources are assumed to have the same evolution of either the star formation rate (SFR), or the gamma-ray burst (GRB) rate, or the active galactic nuclei (AGN) rate in the Universe and found that the last two are disfavored (and in the dip model rejected) by the new VHE gamma-ray background. We show that the largest fluxes predicted in the dip model would be detectable by IceCube in about 10 years of observation and are within the reach of a few years of observation with the ARA project. In the incomplete UHECR model in which protons are assumed to dominate only above 1019 eV, the cosmogenic neutrino fluxes could be a factor of 2 or 3 larger.


Starting from the hypothesis that the increase in water depth extends the distribution of nutrients in the soil solution, is aimed in this work to study the dynamics and distribution of nutrients P, K, Mg and Ca in the profile of an Oxisol fertilized via drip subsurface cultivated with sugarcane.


In reflection seismology the reflectivity sequence is of primary interest and must be estimated. Estimation of the reflectivity sequence is based on deconvolution of seismic trace data. Modelling the seismic trace as the non-Gaussian moving average time series, we propose a deconvolution method based on the modified estimation, which is consistent estimation of moving average models with heavy tailed error distribution. The asymptotic equivalence is established between the proposed method and the deconvolution using . Simulation studies are presented to validate the equivalency. Furthermore, based on this equivalence the consistency problem of the deconvolution has been discussed.


Single‐period modulation doped A1xGa1−x As/GaAs heterojunctions have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Heterojunctions with a Si‐doped A1xGa1−x As layer grown on an unintentionally doped GaAs layer have exhibited enhanced mobility at 78 ° and 300 °K. The A1xGa1−x As, grown with x = 0.25 or x = 0.33, was doped to a level ND?3×1017 cm−3 resulting in a sheet‐charge density of about 8×1011 cm−2. Maximum mobilities of 74 200 cm2/V s at 78 °K and 6930 cm2/V s at 300 °K were observed in different structures. This represents an improvement of more than a factor of 2 over the best previously reported results at 78 °K. These structures, if used for normally off and/or psuedonormally off FET channel layers in high‐speed integrated circuits, can provide improved performance. These extremely high mobilities can lead to a power delay product improvement of about a factor of 2 at room temperature and a factor of more than 12 at liquid‐nitrogen temperature as compared to conventional structures. This increas...


Many cell migration‐related molecules are associated with endometriosis. Tensin 1 (TNS1), which has been implicated in cell migration, may play a role in endometriosis. The study goal was to evaluate the TNS1 expression in endometrial tissue and serum from women with endometriosis treated with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa).


In this paper, the characteristics of synchronously pumped picosecond Raman laser based on the 36 mm long SrWO4 crystal at the shifts of ν1 = 921 cm–1 and ν2 = 336 cm–1 under 36-ps extracavity pumping are presented. The first Stokes at the wavelength of 1178 nm, corresponding to the Raman shift of ν1, with the slope efficiency of 45.1%, output energy of up to 40 nJ, and pulse duration of 33 ps, respectively, was achieved for the output coupler reflectivity of 89%. In the case of setup with the higher cavity Q-factor at 1178 nm, we obtained not only usual ν1- shifted Raman radiation at 1178 nm, but also the unusual line at the wavelength of 1227 nm (ν1 + ν2). This additional line was achieved with the slope efficiency of 18.1 % and the output energy of 15 nJ with the output coupler reflectivity of 96.5% at 1227 nm. Strong pulse shortening from 36 ps down to 1.4 ps at the wavelength of 1227 nm was observed at +50 μm positive detuning of the external cavity length. This value is close to the inverse value of the ν2 line.


In the article the method of mathematical models of non-equilibrium processes of aviation systems, based on the use of known or determined from the experiment of physical and chemical properties.


In clinical SPECT, FWHM provides quality information of the images obtained under different observing conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the optimum cut off level with comparison of FWHM according to cut off levels in each filter - Band limited, Sheep-Logan, Hanning, Hamming, Low pass cosine, Parazen and Butterworth filter in a SPECT camera. I recorded images along the X, Y, Z-axis with 99mTcO4 point source and measured FWHM with profile curves. In conclusion, all filters showed the longest figures of FWHM with cut off level 0.4, which has the worst image resolution. The images with cut off level 0.7 showed best image resolution. The shortest average of FWHM in MS2 was using the Butterworth filter, in MS3 it was through using the Hanning filter.


The tremendous pressure of annually increasing amount of sewage sludge producing from wastewater treatment plants and the imposition of more stringent legislation on its disposal and utilization prompt a drive for alternative uses of sewage sludge. Considering abundant energy embedded in sewage sludge, pyrolysis for producing biochar is deemed to be an especially promising method. In this review, preparation methods of sludge derived carbons (SDCs) including pretreatment, pyrolysis temperature and modification, coupled with its application as adsorbents and catalysts in wastewater treatment are discussed. Due to the excellent properties of well-developed porosity and various functional groups on the surface of SDCs, they have high adsorption capacities of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Besides, the metals indigenously existed in sludge are recognized as active components, which makes the SDCs excellent catalysts or catalyst supports in advanced oxidation processes. In order to sufficiently explore the sludge-based biochar, it is recommended that further studies should involve its application in practical wastewater and its environmentally-safe use as well.


The material for today's lecture is from [BGPW13]. Determining the 0-error internal information cost of the AND function is considerably more difficult that determining its external information cost. At the first glance it might seem surprising that one can do something different from the protocol that we discussed in the external case. First we state a protocol that is optimal for the case of symmetric μ, i.e. μ(01) = μ(10). The protocol as it is described below is not a conventional protocol. It has access to a clock that continuously increases from 0 to 1.


Bicycle suspension helps to cushion and insulate rider from the roughness of terrain. Till now fork suspension attached to the steering column is used to save the rider from impact. In this paper, a research involving the design of bicycle wheel that has a spring system between the hub and rim of wheel which provide tangential suspension to the rider from bumps and potholes on the road is reported. During this research, concept sketches for the proposed design were arrived from morphological chart and then Pugh chart was used for concept selection. Material indices were arrived for bow spoke that act as spring system and suitable material was suggested. Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis was done for the proposed design concept and recommendations to reduce the risk priority number were discussed. Detailed design was carried out by considering factors that affect the stability of the bicycle.


Conditional process models are commonly used in many areas of psychology research as well as research in other academic fi?elds (e.g., marketing, communication, and education). Conditional process models combine mediation analysis and moderation analysis. Mediation analysis, sometimes called process analysis, investigates if an independent variable influences an outcome variable through a specific?c intermediary variable, sometimes called a mediator. Moderation analysis investigates if the relationship between two variables depends on another. Conditional process models are very popular because they allow us to better understand how the processes we are interested in might vary depending on characteristics of different individuals, situations, and other moderating variables. Methodological developments in conditional process analysis have primarily focused on the analysis of data collected using between-subjects experimental designs or cross-sectional designs. However, another very common design is the two-instance repeated-measures design. A two-instance repeated-measures design is one where each subject is measured twice; once in each of two instances. In the analysis discussed in this dissertation, the factor that differentiates the two repeated measurements is the independent variable of interest. Research on how to statistically test mediation, moderation, and conditional process models in these designs has been minimal. Judd, Kenny, and McClelland (2001) introduced a piece-wise method for testing for mediation, reminiscent of the Baron and Kenny causal steps approach for between-participant designs. Montoya and Hayes (2017) took thispiece-wise approach and translated it to a path-analytic approach, allowing for a quanti?cation of the indirect e?ect, more sophisticated methods of inference, and the extension to multiple mediator models. Moderation analysis in these designs has been described by Judd, McClelland, and Smith (1996), Judd et al. (2001), and Montoya (in press). However, the generalization to conditional process analysis, or moderated mediation, remains unknown. Describing this approach is the purpose of this dissertation.


The author describes a case of a 10-year-old boy with fracture both bones forearm and a concomitant partial rupture of ulnar artery. The damage of ulnar artery was repaired at the time of fasciotomy with a good functional outcome. INTRODUCTION Injury of an artery following closed injury has been well described in the literature following fracture of the proximal long bones and dislocations of the elbow and knee. Traumatic rupture of the ulnar artery following a closed fracture of both bones forearm is rare. A patient who sustained a forearm fracture with a partially severed ulnar artery leading on to compartment syndrome is described.


The present invention relates to an information processing system and an information processing method. Sequentially detecting a load weight applied to the first input means, based on the weight of the load and sequentially generates data for displaying a first image displayed on the portable display device. A movable display device acquires image data representing a first display image, and sequentially displaying the first display image acquired image data represents. Thus, when the user operates by its own operation, and when executed, the user can see the result of the process under suitable conditions based on the operation of the process.


"The paper argues that pre-industrial Western Europe was not special in the world economy, it became special. Namely, before the Industrial Revolution, not only China, India and Japan were probably as productive as Western Europe, but also the pre-industrial economies of both regions had several growth spurts, indicating recurrent periods of dynamism and stagnation. On the other hand, Western Europe forged ahead in the eighteenth century because it was the first region to develop "triple engines of growth", consisting of human capital, technology, and organisational change. First, after the Renaissance, literacy rates dramatically increased throughout Western Europe and became highly correlated with the level of a country's economic development. Between 1500 and 1800, literacy rates increased more than 4 times in the most advanced European countries. The quality of European human capital was also enriched by the development of the scientific method and culture, as well as by the diffusion of the printing press. The rise in literacy combined with the science-induced improvement in human capital quality became crucial contributors to the rise of Western Europe. Other countries that had similar levels of development to Western Europe around 1500 (e.g. China, India, Japan) did not develop the scientific culture and method that Newtonian mechanics propagated around the European continent (Jacob 1997). Second, by the eighteenth century Western Europe had developed better technology than other regions of the globe. These technologies were highly complementary to the organisational changes brought by the development of the factory system, which helped and fomented the transition to the new organisational modes. Although in previous periods (e.g. during the Song dynasty), Asia was technologically superior to Europe, at the outset of the Industrial Revolution, Europe was substantially more advanced in terms of technology and mechanisation. Third, by the eighteenth century, factory-induced organisational changes were occurring at a much faster pace in Western Europe than in Asia. Without the factory, it is likely that the growth performances of Western Europe and Asia would not have been so markedly contrasted. In this context, proto-industrialisation and the complementarities resulting from technological innovation were fundamental for Western Europe to forge ahead in the eighteenth century. Inside Europe, Britain was the first to achieve sustained economic growth, because it was the first country in which the three engines were fully operational. The countries that followed suit also developed the triple engines of growth. In Asia, by the nineteenth century, Japan was the country in which the triple engines of growth were better prepared. Compared to the other Asian economies, by the end of the Tokugawa period, the Japanese had better human capital (with higher literacy rates than many European countries, and receptive to foreign learning), it was willing to import technology and knowledge from outside countries (mostly Western Europe), and organisational change was occurring. In spite, of its early development during the Song dynasty, by the eighteenth century the Chinese lagged the Japanese in terms of human capital, and technological creativity."


Conversion forests in Indonesia whida are pardy still virgin account for about 41.2 % of the total forest areas . The conversion is needed because of the exlensification of  land for fanning, transmigration, and the exlension of urban area . Pre.senJly, the information on wood polential from   this forest is scanty . This information is needed to know the possible Ulilization of the logs. The aim of this study is to asses logs potential , and their possible uses for industrial raw malerial and cost analysis . The study was conducted in two forest concession area in South Sumalra Province, in March 1991 . The result of this study reveals that the logs potential   in the conversion  forests are relatively high, especialy of lop wiJh diameler 50 cm and up. It contribults about 60 . 79 % and 86 . 99% (from forest concession area I and II) from all logs with diamder 2() C an and up. The dominant tree species found in location are meranti (Shorea sp . ) , balau (Shorea spp. , Hopea spp . ), ramin (Gonystylus bancanus Kurz.), kempas (Koompasia malaccensis Maing), jelutung (Dyera spp.) and pulai (Alstonia spp.) . The main uses of this wood is for the company own industry uses (57.53%) followed by free sale (28 . 17 %), and sale to other industry (14 . 30 %) . Logs extraction incurred cost about Rp . 14 450,- until Rp . 16 . 700,- per  cu.m for forlling, skidding aclivilies and transporting logs to industrial sue. The cost differences depend on wood species, the distances and risk factor . The proportion of this cost is about  19 . 66 % until 22.  72 % of log price.


during the convulsive seizures which form a prominent symptom in the disease. Normal cerebro-spinal fluid does not contain nucleo-proteid or choline, or if these substances are present, their amount is so small that they cannot be identified. Normal cerebrospinal fluid produces no effect on arterial pressure; neither ,does the alcoholic extract of normal blood or of ordinary dropsical effusions. The presence of choline in the pathological fluids will not explain the symptoms of general paralysis; for instance, it will not account for the fits just referred to. Its presence, however, is an indication that an acute disintegration of the cerebral tissues has occurred. If other poisonous substances are also present, they have still to be discovered. Our proof that the toxic material we have specially worked with is choline rests not only on chemical tests, but also on the evidence afforded by physiological experiments; the action of the cerebro-spinal substance exactly resembles that of choline. Neurine, an alkaloid closely related to choline, is not present in the fluid; its toxic action is much more powerful, and its effects differ considerably from those of choline.


The author refutes the allegation that cohort analyses are underutilized in the presentation of official population statistics in the Federal Republic of Germany. Examples from statistics of births deaths marriage and divorce migration and the labor force are offered in support of the authors claim. Attention is also given to longitudinal studies concerning the family life cycle (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE) (ANNOTATION)


The development of the so-called Web 2.0 introduces a number of applications that have led to new ways and communication channels. The advance in these technologies has originated an increased interest in the development of virtual worlds during the last decade. In this paper we present a specific use of natural language proccesing and speech tecnologies in these environments through the integration of dialog systems.


We design and fabricate a 19-channel fan-in/fan-out photonic lantern based on the femtosecond laser direct writing technique. Such a device enables space-division multiplexing transmission in a 19-core fiber over the C+L band.


The recommended tool for assessing knee injury is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, knee MRI interpretation takes time and is vulnerable to clinical errors and inconsistency. A deep learning automated technique for reading knee MRI might help physicians identify high-risk patients and make diagnosis easier. In this study, we have proposed a deep learning-based model to detect ACL and meniscus tears and other knee abnormalities. At its core, this model is based on the ResNet50 transfer learning technique. In this paper, we have focused to present a ResNet50-based model for detecting different knee problems using MRIs. The best models for every option achieved the objectives that were probably similar. The models were developed using 18, 3, and 1 slice. These models' outcomes were rather startling. The AUC findings obtained with 1 slice per MRI exam were equivalent to those obtained with 18 and 3 slices and, in some cases, were significantly better. The dataset used in this model is from Stanford University. We trained this model in three different settings of MRI slices (18, 3, and 1). The best results that our models were able to achieve were when trained using 3 slices of each MRI sample. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, or AUC curve, values that our best models were able to achieve for detecting ACL, meniscus, and other knee abnormalities are 0.87, 0.82, and 0.90, respectively. The results of our models are comparable to some state-of-the-art models. These models are very fast and efficient to train and hence will be helpful to doctors for making an effective and fast diagnosis based on knee MRIs.


Proper utilization of its literature is one of the prime responsibilities of any profession. Filing, retrieval, and use of pharmaceutical literature in an effective manner will have a significant bearing upon the professional sur vival of pharmacy practice. This article skillfully deals with the importance of this function of the hospital pharmacist and suggests many helpful practices in this regard. The article presents a useful checklist for reading periodicals developed by C. J . Latiolais in 1957. Several publications have been added to the literature since that time, but the format can be easily adapted to meet the need of readers from many areas of interest.


The bioactivity of human prolactin (hPRL) and human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) in the sera from the pregnant women (30-40weeks of gestation) and in the amniotic fluid (37-41 weeks of gestation) were determined individually by the bioassay for lactogenic hormones using rat lymphoma cell bioassay in combination with the antibody blocking method.The bioactivity of hPRL in the pregnant sera ranged from 67 to 289ng/ml and in the amniotic fluid from 141 to 1603ng/ml. The ratio of the bioassay and RIA estimates of hPRL in the pregnant sera was 0.93±0.23 (mean±SD) and that of estimates of hPRL in the amniotic fluid was 1.04±0.26. These ratios are not significantly different from unity, which demonstrates that the bioactivity of hPRL is not significantly different from the immunoactivity.The bioactivity of hCS in the pregnant sera ranged from 5.6 to 21.8μg/ml and in the amniotic fluid from 87 to 1274ng/ml. The ratio of the bioactivity and RIA estimates of hCS in the pregnant sera was 1.48±0.20 and that of estimates of hCS in the amniotic fluid was 1.32±0.21. These ratios are significantly higher than unity, which demonstrates that the bioactivity of hCS was significantly higher than the immunoactivity. This may be due to the impurity or relatively decreased bioactivity of the hCS standard.This bioassay seems useful and convenient to measure the individual concentration of hPRL and hCS in the pregnant serum and in the amniotic fluid.


This essay examines the polarizing politics of the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics. I analyse the function of soft-power diplomacy in the design of the opening ceremony in relation to the international controversy around these games over the repression of civil and human rights. The Sochi Olympics became a lightning rod inciting pro-Western democratic protests against and Russian neo-national support for President Vladimir V. Putin's cultural reform programme. I argue that the Sochi stage was the opening scene of a much larger cultural propaganda campaign reflecting the government's move to boost a conservative world view. Sochi's spectacle mediated a reform strategy designed to reinvent Russian identity and restore Russia's global status. For contrast, I look back to the opening ceremony of the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympics and its vision of Soviet society in order to highlight the changing contexts in which soft power underscores broader objectives in geocultural politics.


In this supplementary material, we provide detailed illustration of the global-focal block (Section 1), additional information on the datasets used in this work (Section 2), the different augmentations in student-teacher network (Section 3), more quantitative (Section 4), and qualitative (Section 5) results. We also present an analogy of the global-focal block with cellular pathways (Section 6).


Children's resourcefulness can be seen in their ordinary, everyday `semiotic work' as they select resources from those ready to hand to create play environments and artefacts. Is this resourcefulness also evident as they make meaning in the highly conventionalized mode of writing? Conceptualizing writing as a process of design opens up the possibility for understanding meaning-making beyond the linguistic. In a spontaneously initiated email exchange with her uncle, a six-year-old child demonstrated semiotic resourcefulness as she made meaning in a variety of ways: by selecting and combining particular lexical and syntactic choices, but also in her deployment of other semiotic resources such as spacing, punctuation and spelling. The un-school-likeness of this young child's domestic literacy implies agency and initiative as she designed writing apt to the social context, and demonstrated her literate capacities in the here and now.


OTHER PUBLICATIONS A. Jogarao et al., Metal Finishing, pp. 82-84, Jan. 1966. Abner Brenner, "Electrodeposition of Alloys', vol. II, p. 239, (1963). J. K. Dennis et al., "Nickel and Chromium Plating", pp. 140-141, (1972). Primary Examiner-G. L. Kaplan Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Kenneth G. Wheeless; Robert P. Auber; Robert Spector 57 ABSTRACT This invention relates to a process and composition for the preparation of an electrodeposit which contains; at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt or; binary or ternary alloys of the metals selected from nickel, iron, and cobalt; which comprises passing current from an anode to a cathode through an aqueous acidic electroplating solution con taining at least one member selected from nickel com pounds and cobalt compounds and which may addition ally contain iron compounds providing nickel, cobalt 11) 4,036,709 45 July 19, 1977


Animated pedagogical agents offer promise as a means of making computer-aided learning more engaging and effective. Realizing its full potential fully will involve integrating agents into curricula on a massive scale, so that they are as pervasive as textbooks currently are. This paper describes progress toward this end: the development of an agent-assisted learning environment designed for widespread use in health science curricula. The system features Adele, an animated pedagogical agent who guides and assesses students as they work through clinical cases. The system is designed for use across a range of health science disciplines, and by students at various levels, from entering medical student through practicing professional. We present the results of a formal evaluation of Adele by twenty-five medical students, and draw several conclusions about computer-based tutoring in a clinical domain. We also describe our experience building the clinical case for the evaluation, from local prototype to Web-based product, and propose a process for large-scale case authoring.


For the purpose of proper electrolytic cell configuration,the study on membrane resistance in cathode chamber was completed.The experimental result indicates that after the 4-hour sedimentation and filtration through 0.45 um filter paper,the residue elemental sulfur in ferrous redox liquor does not bring about apparent change in membrane resistance.In addition,excessive amount of sulfur into the cathode chamber can be transformed into soluble sulfate,which does not cause variation of membrane resistance.


Magnesium aluminate spinel specimens with various Al2O3 content were prepared. Sintering performance and microstructure of different kinds of MgAl2O4 spinel were studied. It is found that the sintering of materials becomes more difficult with the increase in their Al2O3 contents. Corundum begins to precipitate from the magnesium aluminate spinel with 85wt% Al2O3 at 1400. However, with further increase in the sintering temperature, the corundum dissolves into magnesium aluminate spinel (above 1600). The precipitation and solid solution of corundum hinder the sintering of materials. In alumina-rich spinel, if the content of Al2O3 in alumina-rich spinel materials is more and the content of CA6 is also more. At the same time CA6 crystal is bigger in the alumina-rich spinel.


Each undirected graph has its own adjacency matrix, which is real and symmetric. The negative of the adjacency matrix, also real and symmetric, is a well-defined mathematically elementary concept. By this negative adjacency matrix, the negative of a graph can be defined. Then an orthogonal transformation can be readily found that transforms a negative of an alternant graph to that alternant graph: (−G) G. Since the procedure does not involve the edge weights, the pairing theorem holds true for all edge-weighted alternant graphs, including the usual "standard" graphs.


1. Objectives This study aims to establish the concept and classification of the Delirious Speaking Bad Disease in the Soyain's Exterior Cold Disease induced from the Spleen Affected by Cold. 2. Methods Different editions of "Donguisusebowon", including the Gabo version and the Sinchuk version, were compared for differences and similarities in the Soyangin disease. And we discussed other studies done previously. 3. Results and conclusions Soyangin's Delirious Speaking Bad Disease can be understood as shifted symptom of all of Soyangin's Exterior cold disease induced from the spleen affected by cold.


The overall rotational diffusion of rigid macromolecules in solution under rectangular electric field pulses is simulated by Brownian dynamics. We describe computer programs for the simulation of electrooptical transients without restrictions on molecular parameters or electric field strengths. The programs are used first for the calculation of electrooptical transients of molecules with cylindrical symmetry with induced or permanent dipole moments. The simulated data are consistent with analytical results, valid, e.g., for the limit of zero field strength, but have been extended to ranges, where analytical results are not available. Among the two time constants required for fitting of rise curves for permanent dipoles, the smaller one proves to be almost independent of the electric field strength E, whereas the larger one decreases strongly with increasing E; at high E values the two time constants are very close to each other. By comparison of simulated and experimental transients it is possible to anal...


In order to reconfigure its structure from the static state in the vision odd ball task, so as to realize the intention recognition based on the characteristics of the brain functional network. The thesis proposes the intention recognition method based on resting state and P300 task state dynamic brain functional network features. First, the brain connectivity in each time window is constructed into a brain functional network using phase lock value (PLV). Then, extract the global features (global efficiency, transitivity) of the brain functional network, and use Louvain algorithm to obtain the brain functional network community. The experimental results show that in the (100-200) ms of P300 task status, the core nodes are mainly concentrated in the forehead region and the central region, while in the (300-500) ms of P300, the core nodes are concentrated in the temporal lobe. The recognition accuracy based on this method reaches 93%.


ABSTRACT Corporatization is a trend in local public service delivery. However, research into how public values can be preserved after corporatization has lacked. This study analyses what factors underlie the presence of 'public values' in municipally owned corporations (MOCs). I find that the best predictor of stewardship to society in MOCs is their strategic managerial autonomy. This finding challenges the literature on public value failure, which argues that government by proxy should lead to lesser public values. Instead, it is plausible that increasing autonomy after corporatization can shield service delivery from political rent-seeking, which can protect public values.


Objective To clone and characterize the Rab1a gene of Trichomonas vaginalis. Method The cDNA clone of Rab1a was isolated from Tv cDNA expression library and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence shows high homology with Rab proteins of different species. Sequence analysis was performed. The genomic DNA was amplified using PCR techniques and sequenced. The recombinant plasmid of pQE/TvRab1a was constructed, and the fusion protein was expressed in E.coli M15. Result The Rab1a gene was isolated and sequenced. Sequence analysis demonstrated that this cDNA clone was Rab1a isoform. Sequencing of the PCR product of genomic DNA revealed that the genomic DNA contains an intron of 25 bp.The recombinant plasmid pQE/TvRab1a was constructed, and a fusion protein was expressed in E.coli M15. Conclusion These data suggest that the cDNA clone is encoding the Rab1a of T.vaginalis. The T.vaginalis Rab1a gene has an 25 bp intron.


The effect of dietary protein sources on the utilisation of copra meal was investigated in Cobb broilers. A control finisher diet based on fish meal (FM), meat and bone meal (MBM) and full-fat soybean (FFSB) and four other diets containing expeller copra meal (ECM) with combinations of these traditional protein sources (FM+ MBM, FFSB+FM, FFSB+FM+MBM and FFSB+MBM) were fed each to 4 replicates of 5 birds each in a completely randomized design. Body weight gain was highest (P<0.05) in birds fed diets containing ECM with FM+MBM. There were no significant dietary effects on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Dressing percentage was depressed (P<0.05) in the diet based on ECM with FFSB+FM+MBM. The relative weight of breast muscle reduced (P<0.05) in group offered ECM along with FFSB+FM and FFSB+FM+MBM. Furthermore, there were no dietary effects on the weight of thighs and drumsticks. Nevertheless, birds fed ECM with FM+MBM recorded the lowest (P<0.05) weights of digesta in the crop and small intestine. There were no significant dietary effects on weight of digesta in the gizzard and caeca. The highest (P<0.05) digesta weight in the proventriculus was observed in the birds fed on FFSB+FM+MBM. Total tract apparent digestibility of DM and CP improved (P<0.05) on FM+MBM. Total tract nitrogen retention was lower (P<0.05) with FFSB+FM and FFSB+MBM as compared to control. However, fat digestibility was depressed (P<0.05) in the control diet. It could be concluded that dietary protein sources exerted significant influence on the utilisation of copra meal by broilers and the combination of ECM with animal protein sources yielded the best results in terms of performance of Cobb broilers.


One of the most common fatal malignancies in the world is Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been identified as a leading risk factor for HCC. Studies have suggested that during infection the large surface viral protein of HBV (LS protein) is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the host liver cell, where its accumulation causes ER stress leading to HCC. The LS protein is also believed to stimulate the lipogenic activity of the ATP citrate lyase (ACL) enzyme, leading to excessive synthesis of lipids required for the rapidly dividing liver tumor cell. Here, I propose a hypothesis linking viral LS protein-induced ER stress to generation of the mature transcriptionally active nuclear form of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (nSREBP). nSREBP translocates to the nucleus and binds to sterol regulatory elements (SRE) present in the ATP citrate lyase (ACL) gene promoter, thereby elevating ACL transcription levels and overproduction of the ACL enzyme protein. Inhibition of LS protein activity in the ER may provide a therapeutic strategy in treating HBV induced HCC.


Membranous nephropathy is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. It is thought to be mainly a primary or idiopathic form; however, it may also be secondary to many other diseases (e.g., infections, drugs, neoplasms, and autoimmune diseases). Here, we describe a patient with membranous nephropathy, whose nephrotic-range proteinuria was markedly reduced after the eradication of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection. A 34-year-old Japanese woman was admitted because of proteinuria and hematuria. She had no remarkable medical history (i.e., urinary abnormalities or hypertension); however, two months prior to admission she was noted to have urinary abnormalities and iron-deficiency anemia at a routine health examination. She also complained of dyspepsia; thus, gastric endoscopy was performed, which revealed no ulcers, but histologically revealed H. pylori infection in the gastric mucosa. On admission, laboratory examination revealed microcytic anemia (hemoglobin, 9.9 g/dl), hypoalbuminemia (2.7 g/dl) and nephrotic range-proteinuria (4.8 g/ day) without active urinary sediments. Renal biopsy revealed normocellular glomeruli with mild capillary wall thickening. Immunofluorescent microscopy disclosed granular deposits of IgG and C3 on the capillary wall, but no deposits of IgA, IgM, C4, or C1q. Electron microscopy revealed small and discrete electron-dense subepithelial deposits without surrounding glomerular basement membrane reactions, indicating stage I membranous nephropathy. Immunohistochemistry with anti-H. pylori antibodies revealed that the positive staining was found only in the gastric mucosa, but not in the glomeruli from her biopsy specimens (1). Taken together, the fact that the serological studies (e.g., complements, antinuclear antibodies, and hepatitis B/C) yielded negative/normal results, and that she had not taken any medications, her membranous nephropathy was regarded as an idiopathic form. She showed dyspepsia and iron-deficiency anemia with negative results of fecal occult blood tests, which might have been related to H. pylori infection (2); thus, we administrated H. pylori eradication therapy: lansoprazole, 30 mg twice daily, plus amoxicillin, 0.75 g twice daily, plus clarithromycin, 200 mg twice daily, for 7 days. Four months after this eradication therapy, her gastric symptoms and anemia were improved (hemoglobin, 12.7 g/dl, Table 1), and her urinary protein excretion had markedly decreased (0.76 g/day, Table 1) without any treatments for nephrotic syndrome (e.g., corticosteroids or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or antiplatelet drugs). Six months after this treatment, the eradication of gastric H. pylori infection was confirmed with endoscopic gastric mucosa biopsy. One year after the eradiation of the infection, her proteinuria remains decreased at less than 0.3 g/day (Table 1). It is well-known that approximately 30% of the cases of membranous nephropathy resolve spontaneously; however, the occurrence of spontaneous complete remission of this nephropathy within one year from its onset is thought to be rare (less than 5%) in the untreated patient, as Schieppati et al have reported (3); thus, the eradication of gastric H. pylori infection might have contributed to the marked reduction of proteinuria in the present case. The proteinuria associated with membranous nephropathy is thought to be caused by functional impairment resulting from the formation of in situ subepithelial immune deposits and complement activation. Therefore, considerable efforts have been devoted to the identification of antigens involved in human membranous nephropathy, and certain antigens (e.g., hepatitis B/C, tumor antigens, and DNA-containing materials) have been identified in the immune deposits in patients with so-called secondary membranous nephropathy; however, the pathogenetic role of these antigens in the development of membranous nephropathy has not been confirmed (4). Nagashima et al have reported the presence of H. pylori antigens in the glomeruli of membranous nephropathy patients (1). Moriyama et al also found a significantly higher H. pylori infection rate in membranous nephropathy patients than in their control group (5). Further, they reported that eradication of H. pylori markedly reduced urinary protein excretions in three of four membranous nephropathy patients who were receiving corticosteroid therapy (5). These reports indicate that H. pylori infection might play an important role in the development of this disease. In the present case, the immunohistochemistry findings revealed no deposition of H.


This study aims to improve the efficiency of the hybrid (lifting and motion compensation) video compression method by incorporating variable block size for block matching. That hybrid method first separates even and odd numbered video frames. Then the even frames are predicted using a temporal edge adapted idea, which was previously proposed for 2D image coding. To further improve the efficiency, a novel symmetric block matching pre-step is applied. This method was observed to perform well in test video sequences. In this work, to further improve the block matching representation efficiency, a variable size block idea is proposed. The new proposed method compares neighboring blocks in terms of motion vectors, and merges them to a larger size if the directions and sizes of motions are common. The proposed method yields PSNR values greater than that of MPEG2 and closer to that of H.264 in the fixed compression ratios.


CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 66-year-old man was evaluated in the emergency department for respiratory distress. Five years before presentation, he suffered an accident at work that resulted in multiple rib fractures. Subsequently, a traumatic rupture of the diaphragm was identified requiring surgical repair and removal of the 8th and 9th ribs on the left side. His current symptoms included fever, productive cough and a gradually worsening shortness of breath. Physical examination revealed moderate respiratory distress (respiratory rate, 34 per minute; room-air arterial oxygen saturation, 83%). An 8 3 7-cm soft bulging deformity was observed over the left posterolateral hemithorax (Figure 1). It displayed paradoxical movements with respect to the rest of the chest wall (moving inward during inspiration and outward during expiration) and became more prominent with coughing and Valsalva maneuvers. Coarse breath sounds were auscultated over the mass. A chest radiograph demonstrated extrathoracic protrusion of the left lower lobe through an ipsilateral defect in the rib cage (Figure 2, white arrow). An infiltrate was confirmed within the herniating portion of the left lower lobe. The patient was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone and azithromycin for 5 days with resolution of his respiratory symptoms. Herniation of the lung is an uncommon clinical entity. A lung hernia may be congenital (20%) or acquired (80%). Although spontaneous herniation has been reported in literature, the majority of acquired lung hernias are either posttraumatic or iatrogenic. A preexisting pulmonary hernia may rarely be complicated by a pneumonic process. Persistent or recurrent infections within the herniating lung parenchyma may indicate the need for surgical correction. REFERENCES


The purpose of the article is to analyze from a current perspective how Real Options Valuation facilitate the evaluation of projects for the adoption of photovoltaic energy in countries such as Colombia. A mixed descriptive approach is proposed, using techniques of documentary analysis and analysis of figures. To this end, an exhaustive review of recent research on energy, project evaluation and the method of real options is carried out. As part of the results, it is highlighted that the real options method allows a greater projection of the economic/financial evaluations and also proposes lines of action thus responding to new demands of the energy markets. Due to the characteristics of the activities of the theme, real options are gaining ground in the economic/financial evaluation of projects, since until recently only traditional methods were considered for this purpose.


Abstract The power system oscillations in the grid are an issue of concern to the system operator. They may transform a stable system into an unstable system when the system is operating on the edge and contingency occurs. The oscillations developed in the system may grow and spread across the power grid if no timely, corrective action is taken to mitigate them. The paper presents the ultra-mega power plant generation complex related blackout analysis. The case study presented in this paper demonstrates the utilization of synchrophasor data to have a better realization about the grid disturbance. It covers some of the important dynamic simulation studies considered representative of various scenarios during this. The paper illustrates utilization of Prony analysis using multiple signals and Fast Fourier Transform methods in conjunction with frequency data obtained in real-time from PMUs installed in the western regional grid of India to determine the frequency of oscillations, its magnitude, and related damping during this disturbance. The focus of this study involves the application of these techniques to gain insight into the oscillatory behavior of the system during this disturbance associated with ultra-mega power plant having generation capacity greater than or equal to 4000 MW from the western part of Indian grid. Based on this, distinct categorization of oscillations into "local mode" and "inter-area mode" of oscillations was done for enhanced understanding about the type of oscillations getting excited during this disturbance.


Decisions of highway maintenance were traditionally made by engineers through frequent site visits, in which experiences are essential.However, this method has such evident disadvantages as low efficiency,inconsistency in decision and so on. The aim of this research is to develop a CPMS DATABASE and expert knowledge based highway maintenance expert system ,which can be used for Ningxia Highway Administration Bureau and its subsidiary maintenance divisions.The system was developed through a comprehensive procedure of studies which included: formulation of expert group,selection of road sections,site visit and indoor acquisiton of expert system.The MES comprises a database which is part of the CPMS,a database of expert system, a decision making model,and a user-friendly output reporter.


We examine banks' risk-taking in lending to small and medium-sized enterprises under the prolonged low interest rate environment in Japan. Specifically, we identify "low-return borrowers," whose borrowing interest rates are low relative to their financial soundness. Using bank-firm level data for millions of Japanese small and medium-sized enterprises, we find that bank loans to low-return borrowers have increased more than those to other normal firms in recent years and such risk-taking by banks has been driven by the low interest rate environment as well as the increase in competition among banks. In addition, we show that highly capitalized banks with low profitability increased loans to such vulnerable borrowers more than lowly capitalized banks. These findings suggest that under the post-Basel III regulatory framework, future franchise value of banks, rather than the current capital of banks, is the key driver of banks' risk-taking.


Sulfadimethoxine (SDM) cocrystal formation was screened using coformers with cyclic amines, amide, carboxylic acid, and sulfonamide based moieties. Eight new multicomponent crystal forms were obtained by solution crystallization and liquid-assisted grinding techniques, showing a preference for the amine derivatives. Cocrystals were obtained with isonicotinamide (SDM:ISO) and 4,4′-bipyridine (SDM:BIP:ACE; SDM:BIP:H2O), and molecular salts were synthesized with piperazine (SDM:PIP), 4,4′-trimethylenedipiperidine (SDM:TRI), and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (two anhydrous polymorphic forms (SDM:DABCO) and one hydrate (SDM:DABCO:H2O)). The new forms were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction. Structural characterization shows the disruption of the typical R22(8) sulfonamide synthon, while the supramolecular arrangement is achieved through several new synthons. In cocrystals, the amide nitrogen Nsulfonamide behaves as the best donor and bonds to the Oacetamide of ISO, while with BIP the interaction is estab...


3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 CONTENTS 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 9 LIST OF FIGURES 10 LIST OF TABLES 11 LIST OF PAPERS 12 DECLARATION 13 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 14 1.0 Definition of stroke 14 1.1 Brief historical account of stroke 14 1.2 Epidemiology of stroke 15 1.2.1 Types of stroke 15 1.2.2 Risk factors of stroke 17 1.2.3 Public health burden of stroke 19 1.3 Pathophysiology of stroke 21 1.4 Stroke and health related quality of life 22 1.5 Stroke and urinary tract infections 24 1.6 Rationale of the research project 25


Contrary to previous description based on the Mandarin model of syllable-tone system, Xinyingpan, a dialect of Prinmi (a Tibeto-Burman language of China), has been discovered to possess a melody-tone system (or "pitch-accent" system) akin to that of Japanese. Targeting the crux of the unusual characteristics of this melody-tone system, where neutralization of two tonal categories in citation form is possible, this study uses perception tests to explore (dis)similarities among the tonal system of Xinyingpan Prinmi and those of other dialects. The perception tests consist of several minimal pairs of words contrasting solely by tone in a sentence frame. Results from more than twenty native speakers of fifteen Prinmi dialects from Ninglang, Lanping, and Yulong counties in Yunnan show that at least three minimal pairs of words in other dialects use the same tonal patterns for contrast in connected speech as in Xinyingpan. Evidence for the contrastive status of the pairs of words was attained directly from speakers who helped to prepare materials for the perception tests. This paper will also discuss some effects of language shift, such as linguistic attrition, observed in the empirical study.


We show that J. Lott's equivariant higher analytic torsion only depends on the equivariant Euler characteristic. We give an explicit formula. 1. Introduction. Let G be a compact connected Lie group with Lie algebra g. Let 1(G) denote the ring of Ad (G)-invariant complex polynomials on g. Then 1(G)1 :={f e 1(G) | f(0) = 0} is a maximal ideal of 1(G). By 1(G) we denote the


The SME has a significant role in the development of China's national economy, and "cluster" is an important feature of the SMEs' existence. At present the Small business groups' study focuses on geographical space, the study of network space for the existing space of the new enterprises is less. This article from the network sense, re-defines the concept of small business groups, compares to the enterprise clusters in geographical space, and discusses the significance of the small business group and their based on network


The switching performance of a bipolar mode FET (BMFET) is examined and measured over a temperature range from -184 degrees C to +197 degrees C. Data are presented which show the temperature variation of the rise and fall times, for both the current and voltage; the measured temperature dependence of the forward voltage drop is also presented. These data show that overall device switching performance is not improved for low temperature operation and is degraded at temperatures above room temperature.<<ETX>>


Sodium hypochlorite, sodium metabisulphite and glycerol were effective in reducing the browning of dried mushrooms.
Addition of glycerol also improved the texture of rehydrated dried mushrooms while CaCl2 and alum
produced a firm textured product, calcium being more effective than alum. Pretreatment with 0.3% cysteine-HCl
helped preserve 82% of the ascorbic acid content in dried mushrooms compared to fresh mushrooms. The best
drying temperature for colour and texture was 40'C; 60'C was best for ascorbic acid retention. Glycerol reduced
shrinkage during drying and improved the ability of the dried mushrooms to rehydrate almost to an extent
characteristic offresh mushrooms. Sensory evaluation showed that dried grey oyster mushrooms were well accepted;
pretreatments caused a significant improvement in texture and colour (P < 0.05). The panellists gave
insignificantly different scores for flavour and overall acceptability for all the rehydrated dried mushrooms even
when compared to the fresh mushrooms.


Using Cassiodorus's Variae (537–40), this chapter deals with Rome and its controversial image through one very important aspect of Theoderic's political activity, his building policy. While in the case of other Italian cities, especially Theoderic's capital, Ravenna, Cassiodorus's letters emphasized the efficiency of building activity in terms of obedience to the king's orders, in Rome Theoderic's building activity is used to show local resistance. This group dealt with the repression of frequently occurring abuses, such as the misappropriation by private citizens of public building structures and of their ornaments, as well as the appropriation by private individuals of the funds allocated by public authority for the restoration of buildings in the city. Furthermore, it is only in the case of Rome that we see these letters having direct counterparts in the authorizations given by the king to private individuals to build new private buildings on what had previously been public monumental sites, even including an order to Symmachus to restore Pompey's theatre. The panorama in Rome was therefore much more controversial than in other Italian cities, and it allows us to grasp not only the efficacy of Theoderic's control over building, but also the difficulties he faced and the strategies he employed to create consensus in a controversial context.


Age is the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with cases doubling every 5 years after 65 years. Increased risk is also associated with being female. This gender difference in AD incidence could be partly explained by menopause‐related hormone deficiencies during ageing. Clinical studies concluded that the age when hormone replacement therapy was started, especially after the menopause, was critical in delaying AD development. Deposition of b‐amyloid (Ab) in the hippocampus and cortex is the key pathological feature in AD. Much evidence has demonstrated that oestrogen activation of oestrogen receptors (ER) in neurones decreases Ab accumulation and antagonizes its cytotoxic effects in AD. ERb is an ER subtype highly expressed in the nervous system. In vivo studies reported that ERb activation reduces the cytotoxic effect of Ab through the Akt pathway and improves learning and memory capacity in AD models. However, this finding has not yet been investigated in the clinic. We hypothesised that the increased risk of AD in women could be partly explained by alterations in the levels of oestrogen, its receptors and downstream signalling pathways in the female brain during ageing affecting the expression of AD biomarkers.


The bulk and weight of radar on UAV are restricted so severely.Meanwhile,the efficiencies of radar's main power devices are also an important parameters.We must consider adequately these factors to design transmitter as making great efforts to improve purity spectrum and reliability.This paper introduces three focuses about the design of minitype SAR transmitter on UAV.There are parameters calculation and TWT calorifics emulation and test results given out after demonstrating on principle about every important units.And these results indicate that the transmitter,with high purity spectrum and excellent reliability,meet fully with minitype SAR on bandwidth,power and smoothness.


SYNOPSIS Oldman saltbush (OMS) is susceptible to moisture stress during the seedling phase in spite of being very drought resistant when mature. Terrasorb, a starch based polymer with a high water holding capacity, was premixed with two soil types and its effect on OMS seedlings was investigated at three moisture levels. Plant available water (PAW) was increased significantly in both soil types which could have a positive effect on both irrigation frequency and labour requirements. In sandy soil Terrasorb use increased the above ground phytomass but root mass was reduced, except where moisture stress occurred. In clay soil the opposite occurred with an increase in root mass and a reduced above-ground phytomass—except where moisture stress occurred. The effectivity of Terrasorb depends on the moisture regime and it should not be used in heavy soil except where moisture is limiting.


A pattern-reconfigurable subarray is proposed in this letter for the performance enhancement of Butler matrix (BM)-based antenna arrays. The reconfiguration is conducted at subarray-levels and therefore, requires much fewer lumped components than conventional methods. In the proposed design, the pattern of the subarray is switched to different modes for different scanning regions of the overall array, leading to an improvement of gain flatness and sidelobe levels. The reconfiguration is achieved by a novel reconfigurable coupler. By electronically controlling vias connected to a ground plane which severs as binary switches through PIN diodes, the proposed coupler is characterized by extremely low loss even with the capability of reconfiguration. For validation, a Ku-band prototype consisting of a 4 × 4 BM and four reconfigurable subarrays is designed, fabricated and measured. Measured results indicate that, the achieved gain fluctuation is only about 0.2 dB between the four scanning beams. The SLL is smaller than −12.1 dB while the gain is larger than 13.8 dB in the scanning plane, which are improved by 5.8 and 1.9 dB than its conventional counterparts, respectively.


Eight independent temperature‐sensitive mutants of the cell division protein FtsA have been studied. They fall into two classes in terms of their behaviour at 42°C and recovery at 30°C. The first class shows salt dependent temperature‐sensitivity and reversible in activation of FtsA protein at 42°C. The second shows irreversible inactivation which is not prevented by salt. Recovery of the ability to divide at 30°C is rapid in mutants of the first group, but is delayed for approximately a generation time in the second group. This suggests that irreversible inactivation of FtsA causes extensive damage to the division machinery. The amino acid substitutions show clustering to a limited domain of the protein, and one particular substitution is found in three of the mutants.


Mitochondrial DNA was used to infer the phylogeny and genetic divergences of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) and C. rufifacies (Maquart) specimens from widely separated localities in the Old and New World. Analyses based on a 2.3-kb region including the genes for cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II indicated that the 2 species were separate monophyletic lineages that have been separated for > 1 million years. Analysis of DNA, in the form of either sequence or restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) data, will permit the identification of problematic specimens.


Taking the long gas pipeline of Yima-Zhengzhou for example,the main causes of leakage of long gas pipeline were analyzed,and the protection measures were introduced.


In this work the more widely numerical schemes used in order to integrate the large strain elastoplastic problems are presented. In the paper two type of models based are described. These ones are based on two different ideas of elasticity: hyperclasticity and hypoclasticity, and from these concepts in the literature two kind of models are usually discussed: The classical ones, named hypoplastic models, and the more recent onps called hyperelastic. In the paper the theoretical basis as well as the corresponding numerical algorithms are discussed.


chose to represent the 'le public', 'l'opinion' and 'l'opinion publique' in their works. His aim throughout is to show that the philosophes' relationship with their audience is more complex and ambivalent than traditional accounts would suggest. In a first section, Veysman addresses the classical representation of popular opinion as synonymous with credulity and error. Examining the ways in which the philosophes, as playwrights, poets and art critics, depicted their different audiences, Veysman reveals the extent to which the idea of a fickle and ignorant public persisted into the eighteenth century. He subsequently traces the debate surrounding the paradoxical position of the esoteric philosopher. As d'Alembert suggests, the writer who criticizes or dismisses his readers' judgement has forgotten the essential aim of his work, for, 'on n'écrit [. . .] que pour être lu' (p.147). In a second section that focuses on the philosophes' historical and moral works, Veysman maps the emergence of a new, positive concept of public opinion over the course of the eighteenth century. This concept was shaped by developments in Enlightenment historiography and, as Veysman skilfully argues, by English empiricism. On the one hand, the study of human manners and morals by the likes of Voltaire and Montesquieu revealed the importance of public opinion in forming the 'esprit' or character of a nation. On the other, French Enlightenment writers followed Locke in proclaiming their faith in the judgement of the reasoning layman. As a result, public opinion was gradually freed from its traditional association with error, and came to represent consensual truth and the will of the majority. Veysman interestingly traces this evolution through a study of the different metaphors used to represent public opinion, from the hydra to the rushing torrent. It is perhaps slightly disconcerting to find that Veysman concludes his study on the eve of the Revolutionary era, at the moment when this new notion of public opinion was to come into its own. However, he does conduct an in-depth analysis of intellectual developments earlier in the century and cites an impressive range of authors throughout. Alongside familiar works by Diderot and Voltaire appear less well-studied texts such as Duclos's Considérations sur les mœurs de ce siècle (1751), to which Veysman fortuitously draws our attention. This study not only exposes the reader to French Enlightenment literature in all its various forms, but also stimulates reflection on the cultural origins of the Revolution. Veysman draws his techniques of analysis from the history of ideas, literary criticism, reception theory and studies of the public sphere. His work therefore widens the scope of these different fields of research and bridges divisions between disciplines in eighteenth-century studies.


We report a theoretical investigation on the energy spectrum and the effective Zeeman energy (EZE) in monolayer MoS2 circular quantum dots, subjected to an out-of-plane magnetic field. Interestingly, we observe the emergence of energy-locked modes, depending on the competition between the dot confinement and the applied magnetic field, for either the highest K-valley valence band or the lowest K′-valley conduction band. Moreover, an unusual dot-size-independent EZE behavior of the highest valence and the lowest conduction bands is found. Although the EZEs are insensitive to the variation of quantum confinement, both of them grow linearly with the magnetic field, similar to that in the monolayer MoS2 material. The EZEs along with their 'robustness' against dot confinements open opportunities of a universal magnetic control over the valley degree of freedom, for quantum dots of all sizes.


Summary

Past transport policies have tended to prioritise private motorised transport above health-enhancing, low-emission active travel – walking and cycling. Decision makers, most of whom are drivers themselves, suffer from the 'windscreen perspective' and have difficulty seeing the issues around transport policy in a clear way. As a result, policy and investment planning still lean towards the car.

However, a range of factors now all point towards active travel for local trips. Climate change, peak oil, security of energy supply, road safety, noise and local air pollution all back up the arguments in favour of active travel as an easy and accessible way to incorporate physical activity into daily life. As forms of physical activity, walking and cycling offer valuable protection against cardiovascular disease, various forms of cancer, type 2 diabetes, depression and other forms of mental ill-health, while also helping to maintain bone strength and fitness. Over the past decade, the evidence has accumulated and public health policy is now firmly in favour of active travel.

It is also now clear that there is great potential to shift large numbers of sedentary, motorised trips to active travel, with all the health and other benefits that would bring. Britons are using motorised transport for large numbers of short journeys, many of which could easily be walked or cycled.

The move of public health back into local government offers a real opportunity to influence transport policies and practice. Public health teams may be able to develop collaboration with their transport colleagues. The capital budgets of local authority transport departments can be used to improve the walking and cycling environment, while public health revenue funds could support individuals to adapt their behaviour and profit from those physical changes.


A workflow for the color reproduction of digital still images for the purpose of cultural heritage digitization is presented. An analysis was performed to determine the effect of RAW to TIFF transformation; RGB to CIE L*a*b* transformation; white balancing; use of standard color spaces: sRGB, AdobeRGB (1998), ProPhoto RGB, eciRGBv2; custom DCP, and ICC profiles assigning. For the analysis, Color Checker Classic and Digital Color Checker SG targets were used. The precision of the color reproduction was checked against FADGI and Metamorfoze standards. We demonstrate that to obtain high color fidelity reproduction, white balancing and a custom ICC profile are necessary, while DCP profiling could be omitted. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 333–336, 2017


ABSTRACT The act naam-chaau (mutual destruction) can be taken as a move, a process, or a terminal strike registered at specific junctures in the intensifying situation of Hong Kong, triggered initially by the government's attempt to amend a law to allow it to extradite alleged individuals in the territory to China despite massive opposition by people across social sectors. In the course of the leaderless popular movement against government since June 2019, through media publicity, flash protests and overseas lobbying, the work of naam-chaau has given rise to higher level damages, restrictions and concerns beyond police frontlines. The popular English phrase "If we burn, you burn with us!" is often adopted to annotate tactical actions which undermine the legitimacy of the state apparatus in question. During the "Be Water" resistance movement, physical and non-physical confrontations are mediated on multiplying levels or "front lines" of the resistance. Noting the continual evolvement of such tactics and with a focus on the widening significance of violence — not least that of the police- and system-violence — I reflect on the situated moves of naam-chaau as a terminal reciprocity. With a perspective on mutual destruction as a real possibility when the new Hong Kong normalcy comes to stay, we could look at this gaming tactic on three levels, culminating in what has been characterized as "the endgame."


This essay distinguishes between Constitutive and Basis versions of understanding-based accounts of a priori justification and argues, contra Williamson, that the phenomenon of expert competent dissent doesn't undermine either one. The argument involves revisiting Williamson's famous expert-based recipe for generating counterexamples to any constitutive understanding–assent link. Notwithstanding, it is further argued that the theory of the a priori cannot avoid appeal to a notion of intuition or rational insight primarily because there are propositions, such as normative principles, that are synthetic a priori. It answers Williamson's stated skepticism about the existence of intuitions and makes a start at explaining how intuitions might be able to contribute to a priori justification.


Soft pneumatic actuators can perform continuous deformation, allowing them to adapt to objects with irregular shapes. Most of the existing research works on pneumatic soft gripper focus on the chosen of material, mechanical structures and the stiffness tunability. The conventional method to realize the motion control of soft pneumatic actuators is by adopting open-loop control but the open-loop control cannot accurately control the movement. In this paper, a closed-loop control strategy is proposed to ensure the fast and stable response of pneumatic soft actuators. The design of a well-studied pneumatic soft actuator is presented in this study. The pneumatic actuation is controlled by the positive and negative proportional valves. The bending angle and velocity of the soft gripper are closed-loop controlled based on the feedback signals provided by the pressure sensors and ranging sensors, respectively. In addition, a soft gripper prototype assembled with three soft fingers is fabricated and demonstrated. The dynamic experiment verifies the performance of the proposed closed-loop control strategy.


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of Adefovir Dipivoxil combined with Cordyceps sinensis powder in the treatment of mild to moderate chronic hepatitis B, including improving the liver function and symptoms and strengthening anti-hepatitis B virus function. Methods We selected 102 cases of mild to moderate chronic hepatitis B,and divided them randomly into two groups, treatment group that was given Adefovir Dipivoxil combined with Cordyceps sinensis powder and control group that was given Adefovir Dipivoxil. We observed 12 months and compared the improvement of the liver function and symptoms and strengthening anti-hepatitis B virus function between the two groups. Results The treatment group was superior to the control group in the improvement of the liver function and symptoms and anti-hepatitis B virus function (P0.05). Conclusion Adefovir Dipivoxil combined with Cordyceps sinensis powder can improve the symptoms, restore the liver functions obviously, and strengthen the anti-viral function, with less side reaction.


The Pd0-catalysed cross-coupling of intact pyrroles with various reaction partners is reviewed. Coverage includes the Buchwald-Hartwig, carbonylation, Heck, Kumada, Negishi, Sonogashira, Stille, Suzuki-Miyaura, Tsuji-Trost, and (Pd0-catalysed) Ullmann reactions. Some emphasis is given to the application of such processes in the synthesis of pyrrole-containing natural products.


【To examine the effects of HHCP on atopic dermatitis and its various immunopathologic parameters was induced by DNCB in NC/Nga mice and the animals were orally administrated with HHCP. We summarized the results obtained from serum levels of IgE and the numbers of various immune cells as follow. HHCP has no cytotoxic effects at the range of concentration (1-400 ${\mu}g$ /ml) on fibroblast isolated from lung of BALB/c mice. HHCP significantly lowered the serum levels of IgE compared with control at 16 and 20 week. HHCP significantly reduced the number of CD19 $^+$ cell in spleen and DLN, as well as the number of B220 $^+$ /IgE $^+$ cell in DLN compared with control. HHCP significantly reduced the number of ${\alpha}$ ${\beta}$ TCR $^+$ in spleen and DLN, the number of CD8 $^+$ in spleen compared with control, and also significantly reduced the number of CD3 $^+$ , CCR3, CD3 $^+$ /CD69 $^+$ , CD3/ CCR3, CD4 $^+$ , CD3 $^+$ / CD4 $^+$ /CD45 $^+$ cell in DLN. HHCP increased the number of NK $^+$ cells in spleen compared with control, in contrast significantly decreased the number of CD11c $^+$ / Classll $^+$ cell and CD11b $^+$ /Gr-1 $^+$ cell in DLN. Taken together, these results suggested that HHCP has suppressive effects on atopic dermatitis through the inhibition of IgE production and modulation of immune cell population in NC/Nga mice.】


Quantitative determination of the HPO42–– content of CaHPO4·2H2O and HPO42–– containing apatites by way of analyzing the amount of pyrophosphate formed by the conversion of HPO42–– upon heating is found to be interfered strongly by the presence of lactate. The interference consists of a suppression of the pyrophosphate formation and is not restricted to calcium ion containing secondary phosphate-lactate compositions only, but also takes place for compositions derived from alkali metal analogs. Thermogravimetric analysis on mixtures of CaHPO4·2H2O and hydrated calcium lactate shows that reactions occur during the heat treatment. These reactions which are considered to be the cause of suppressing the forming of pyrophosphate, proceed completely at approximately equal mole equivalents of HPO42 and CH3CHOHCO2–– residues. A similarity of reactions is proposed to occur in carious enamel on heating.


This paper describes killing bacterial spores using highly energized pulsed electric fields under pressurized conditions. B. subtilis spores suspended in a conductive liquid were repetitively subjected to 100 kV/cm, 100 ns pulsed electric fields. The PEF treatment lowers the sterilization temperature by 10°C and the spore number was reduced by the logarithmic number of 6.7. Also the killing mechanism was discussed on the basis of element analysis using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). In the heat treatment (121°C, 14 s), the core contents including phosphorus leak into cortex which indicates the damage of the inner membrane, whereas the coat structure still remains. Both the core membrane and the coat were damaged in the PEF treatment.


tewater minimisation in chemical processes has always been the privilege of contin) , this situation is steadily changing, since batch plants have a tendency to generate ml rcontinuous counterparts which are usually encountered in bulk manufacturing.


This session presents significant advances in terms of size and power reduction of inductive and capacitive coupling (Papers 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 and 20.7). Capacitive coupling with an energy consumption of 0.08pJ/b and a throughput of more than 22Mb/s/μm is demonstrated in an array of 104 8x8μm electrodes, in Paper 20.1 from ARCES, STMicroelectronics and Fraunhofer IZM. Inductive coupling at 1Gb/s/channel with energy consumption of 0.14pJ/b is demonstrated in Paper 20.2 from Keio U and U Tokyo. Paper 20.3 from Keio U and Renesas presents how this technology can be applied effectively to achieve proximity probing of logic circuits at a distance of 1.2mm and a maximum data rate of 20Mb/s. Paper 20.7 from Sun Microsystems presents a capacitively-coupled I/O link with 144 channels that operates at 1.8Gb/s/channel.


Two series of intermetallic alloys, RT2Si and RTSi2, have been synthesized from stoichiometric compositions. The crystal structures of EuPt1 + xSi2 x (CeNiSi2-type), CeIr2Si (new structure type), YbPd2Si and YbPt2Si (both YPd2Si-type) have been elucidated from X-ray single crystal CCD data, which were confirmed by XPD experiments. The crystal structures of LaRh2Si and LaIr2Si (CeIr2Si-type), {La,Ce,Pr,Nd}AgSi2 (all TbFeSi2-type), and EuPt2Si (inverse CeNiSi2-type) were characterized by XPD data. RT2Si/RTSi2 compounds were neither detected in as-cast alloys Sc25Pt50Si25, Eu25Os25Si50 and Eu25Rh25Si50 nor after annealing at 900 1C. Instead, X-ray single crystal data prompted Eu2Os3Si5 (Sc2Fe3Si5-type) and EuRh2 + xSi2 x (x1⁄40.04, ThCr2Si2-type) as well as a new structure type for Sc2Pt3Si2 (own type). & 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Most further development of a method of a fluorescent diagnostics must be directed on the creation of database, revealed in the informative criterion of a process and their factorial analyses with a computer reflection of the results and their visualization in real time. All this will make it possible to use fluorescent technique.


amountof acid phosphatase xcreteddaily in the urine, 613 units on an average,that.the amount of prostatic fluid secretedby man is in the order of 0·5 to 2·0millilitres per day. In the dog resting secretionis about 0·1 to 2·0millilitres per hour; after the urine has been.deviated by the prostatic isolation operation, the "tree reflex" is well preserved and the animals approach the legs of laboratory tablesand void prostatic fluid at frequent intervals. Prostatic secretion is primarily a function of androgenic activity, and secondarilyof chemical and nervousstimulation; rises of acid phosphatasein the urine occur after sexual stimulation in man. It used to be claimed that occlusion of the outflow of prostatic secretion caused atrophy of the gland, but the experimentaltechniquewas defective; when the ducts of dogs injected with androgen were plugged with transplantsof muscle,prostaticatrophy did not occur. Starvationof dogs injected with androgen for three weeks led to an increasedsecretionof prostatic fluid and definite growth of the prostate. The composition of the secretionwas not disturbed by inanition. In the dog stimulation of the hypogastric nerves and the nervi erutentes induces prostatic secretion. In man stimulation of the hypogastricnerve causesejaculationof semen. In regard to the pharmacodynamiceffects of prostatic secretion, Huggins refers to the pressor action of prostatic extracts from the dog and bull, and remarks that it is probably due to epinephrtn,since this substancehas been demonstratedin the prostatein considerableamounts. A vaso-depressor substanceknown as prostaglandinoccurs in extractsof the prostateand in prostatic fluid obtained at autopsy on man. This substancelowers blood pressure and increasesintestinal motility in the atropinized rabbit and dilates the vessels of the hind limbs of the frog; larger quantities have been found in the prostateof the adult than in children. In regardto the compositionof prostaticsecretion,referencewill be madeonly to the enzymes. Four are mentioned -phosphatase,flbrinolysin, flbrfnogenaseand a group of miscellaneous substances. Phosphataseis a chemical secondarysex characteristic; no function for it has been discovered. The fibrinolysin of human semen is derived from the prostate gland. This enzyme closely resembles streptococcal fibrinolysin, previously recognized only in associationwith bacteria. Human semen contains much more fibrinolysin than it does flbrinogenase. In regard to the effect of the prostatic fluid on spermatozoa,the result is said to be an increase in motility. However, experimentshave not been carefully carried out and it is impossible to exclude as a causeof the accelerationnon-specific factors, such as dilution of thick sperm, the effects of inorganic ions and changesin gas tension. It is known that in man the prostateduring ejaculationdischargesmost of its secretion before the seminal vesicle in roughly a one-two relationship. The relation of endocrines to prostatic function is of practical interest to clinicians. In t.he normal prostate the acinar epithelium is composedof columnarcells. It is these cells which carry out secretion,and it is on them that androgenhas its influence. When androgenis withdrawn the cells decreasesharply in height. 'Testosterone propionate in doses of ten milligrammes a day gives measurable prostatic secretion in immature dogs after three to seven injections, and a steadily rising secretory curve takesplacefor at leastfive months; in hypogonadism in the male androgens initiate and increase prostatic secretion, but when administeredto normal man testosterone has little effect on the seminal output. Soon after the introduction of crystalline androgensit was found that the characteristiccytological effects of androgen on the prostatic epithelium could be abolishedunder certain conditions by the simultaneousadministration of cestrogenic hormones in the mouse, rat and monkey. In regard to prostatic secretion, restrogen is able to nullify the effect of androgen. The prostate in late fretal life and in newborn boys is usually the site of epithelial metaplasiain the utriculus and collecting ducts. This metaplasiais due to csstrogen. When restrogenis given for long periods to the intact mouse,dog or monkey,urinary retentionfollows, with nrssmiaand death; the posterior lobe of the prostate and the utriculus become enormously distended with retained secretion. Since the introduction of anttandrogenicmethodsof treatmentof cancerof the prostate, numbersof men have been treated for long periods without "eestrogentc urinary retention". Man is, Huggins states,apparentlythe only mammal in which this phenomenon does not occur. Benign prostatic hypertrophy or, as some authorities prefer to call it, hyperplasia, starts in the periurethral region with the appearanceof nodular growths. Huggins points out that the epithelium is invariably tall columnar, so that androgensmust be presentin physiologically effective amounts; at the same time much evidence suggests that androgensare not produced in as large quantity in old age as inyoung men; "despitethis the prostategrows". Huggins holds that prostatic hypertrophy is certainly a neoplasticcondition. There is no evidencethat <Estrogen has a causativeinfluence on tt.. To account for the facts Huggins postulatesa decreasedthreshold to androgenin the spheroidalnoduleswhich permits prostatic growth in the face of decreasingandrogen production. The lastmentionedcondition-hypertrophyof the prostate-isreally outside the subject of prostatic physiology, though it is difficult to considerone without the other. The trouble is that much remainsto be determinedabout so-calledhypertrophy of the prostate. Best and Taylor state that "the whole questionof the causativefactors in prostatichypertrophy is rife with speculation and beset with contradictory observationsand opinions". Further, as Silverton pointed out in a discussion in this journal about a year ago, some fairly large "prostates"may prove to be flbromyomatous. In this case true prostatic tissue is not involved. But this question is quite outside our original subject.


This article deals with the two German dictatorships of the 20th Century and their memories. The difficult pasts indicated in the title are two: the memory of German Third Reich, which affected the Germans of the two states founded after the Nazi defeat of 1945; and the memory of the German Democratic Republic, which involved its former citizens after the implosion and the collapse of the Communist regime after 1989. The author compares the two dictatorships and their respective and differentiated collective memories, and their evolution through time. Collective memories are considered for their relevance in the way historical experiences are perceived by people, and therefore for the crucial role they have in history. The author concludes that, although our common identities, responsibilities and capabilities continue to be defined in national terms, research is increasingly shedding light on the transnational dimensions of our pasts: Europe is becoming a reality.


The aim of the study was to investigate the repellence of B. microplus larvae by the tropical legumes Stylosanthes humilis and S. hamata, and to identify some of the chemical compounds presents in both legumes. The effect was evaluated by a repellence bioassay in an olfactometer using extracts from stems, leaves and whole plants treated with diverse organic solvents such as hexane, acetone, chloroform and methanol. The identification of chemical compounds was done by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry on whole plant extracts. This study demonstrated that both legumes had repellence properties. Repellence ranged from 68% to 92% in S. humilis and from 70% to 82% in S. hamata. Sixteen compounds were identified in S. humilis, with ferrocene and beta sitosterol being the most abundant (18.3% and 14% of the total, respectively). Seventeen compounds were identified in S. hamata, with linolenic acid being the highest relative abundance (17.6%). The compounds identified may be considered as potential candidates for explaining the repellence effects.


Annexin A1 is a glucocorticoid‐regulated, anti‐inflammatory protein, which plays an important role as an endogenous regulator of the inflammatory response. Many of these anti‐inflammatory properties are retained in the N‐terminal annexin A1 peptide Ac1‐25, which is released from the full‐length protein by a neutrophil elastase. To elucidate whether the anti‐inflammatory activity of the bioactive peptide is solely a result of immediate post‐translational effects, which include the shedding of L‐selectin or also involve transcriptional changes affecting leukocyte function, we recorded global gene expression changes in human monocytes stimulated with exogenously applied Ac1‐25. Applying stringent selection criteria, we show that ∼100 genes are up‐regulated, and ∼230 are down‐regulated by a factor of at least two in the Ac1‐25‐treated monocytes. It is important that the profiling reveals that Ac1‐25 induces an anti‐inflammatory phenotype by down‐regulating proinflammatory and up‐regulating anti‐inflammatory mediators. These effects, elicited by exogenously applied Ac1‐25, depend, to different extents, on ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. This identifies the annexin A1 N‐terminal peptide as a stimulus, eliciting not only short‐term, post‐translational effects in human monocytes but also transcriptional changes, defining a more anti‐inflammatory profile.


The limitation of PWM circuit simulation through Multisim is pointed out.A simulation method for UC3842 is described.The method is simple and practical.Design efficiency of PWM circuit could be improved by this method.Function simplified method of UC3842 is proposed.A detailed simulation method and simulation circuits in graphic interface are presented in this paper.A PWM model is illustrated by UC3842 model.The simulation result of UC3842 model is given.


The article unveils the teaching penalty against the background of the transformation of the higher education system of Ukraine at the end of the twentieth century - at the beginning of the twenty-first century, an attempt is made to present a holistic view of it from the point of view of the emotional and psychological state, motivation, and assessment of its consciousness. Information is also provided on external factors that have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the teaching environment. Its general quantitative and qualitative characteristics are also provided. It is concluded that the image of the Ukrainian teacher in the indicated period was determined by the state characteristic of a transitional society with the inertia of the manifestations of post-Soviet consciousness. This, in turn, determined their value series and motivation, which still often gravitated to the paradigm of the past. It turned out to be a permanent support group for the transformation of the higher education system - young teachers as natural carriers of innovation.


Aiming at the 3D visualization method of hexagonal discrete global grid,a new spatial operation structure(hexagonal quaternary balanced structure,HQBS) for hexagonal discrete grid,was designed.It used 4 codes to encodes units,defined spatial vectors for grids and realized basic operations.Based on the operations,spatial index can be easily solved.And dynamic generation algorithms,spatial visualization methods and clipping of visible area of global grid were studied.Through visualization experiments,conclusions were obtained as follows.The average generation efficiency of global dynamic grid could reach 110 units per ms to 370 units per ms,and the loading time efficiency of grid data and spatial data per layer was about 300 ms.The average refreshing level of global discrete grid loaded with spatial data was about 20 frames per second,which ensured real-time displaying requirements.


A two-phase back-bias (VBB) generator is proposed for use in gigabit DRAMs using triple-well CMOS technology. The lower limit of VCC for the proposed VBB generator is a single VT (threshold voltage), whereas that for the conventional VBB generator is 2·VT.


Pi meson interactions with free nucleons as known from recent experiments have been fit by Arndt {ital et} {ital al}. in the form of phase shifts. In the present work these phase shifts are fit by a simple parametrization, and observables computed from the resulting parametrized phase shifts are compared successfully to important examples of recent measurements. The parameters of this work are readily suited to pion-nucleus optical model codes built upon the impulse approximation. Some examples of the effect of the new pion-nucleon data upon these pion-nucleus calculations are shown, relative to older results based upon far fewer pion-nucleon data. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


The pyroelectric current in single crystals of SbSI was measured continuously with a d.c. amplifier and a recorder in the temperature range from -170°C to +40°C. The spontaneous polarization was estimated from these measurements. The pyroelectric current in a virgin crystal (free from previous poling treatment) showed several peaks near the Curie point. Optical observation of the crystal carried out simultaneously with the recording of the pyroelectric current revealed that these anomalous peaks corresponded fairly well to the movements of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase boundaries. The peaks have a tendency to be replaced by a large, main peak when poled with a high d.c. field, and the main peak is again forked into several by irradiation with white light.


SUMMARY

The prophylactic perioperative use of antifibrinolytics in open-heart surgery substantially reduces hemorrhage and allogeneic blood requirements. This has been proven for open-heart surgery, but is not as evident for other surgical procedures. In general, the higher the degree of intraoperative hemostatic activation, the more effective in terms of decreased bleeding tendency a pharmacological antifibrinolytic intervention will be. It should be emphasized that aprotinin, in contrast to tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid, does not act as a pure antifibrinolytic, but also has thrombin-reducing properties. Promising results for aprotinin as an antiinflammatory agent are under discussion. Both drugs are recommended for the reduction of bleeding tendency during and after open-heart surgery. Review of the literature suggests the routine use of antifibrinolytics during open-heart surgery.