Many Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications rely on communication between fixed ITS stations (roadside installations) and mobile ITS stations (vehicles) to provide traffic safety. In VANETs, the Control Channel (CCH) and Service Channels (SCHs) are applied to transmit the safetyrelated data. The CCH used in IEEE 802. 11p standard for exchanging high-priority safety messages and control information and it can be easily congested by high-frequency periodic beacons under high density scenarios. Also, employing the DedicatedShort Range Communication (DSRC) band of IEEE 802.11p standard can hardly satisfy the requirements of high-critical safety applications. Also, transmitting safety beacons at a constant rate regardless of considering the condition of the links leads to the lack of flexibility and medium resources to support meeting the reliability requirements of these applications. In this paper, we evaluate a beacon rate control method, which assigns a higher beacon rate to nodes based on link conditions, i.e. with more surrounding nodes and better conditions to disseminate beacons. On the other hand, as IEEE 802.11p Medium Access Control (MAC) layer does not perform well under high channel load, so in this paper, we use Self-organizing Time Division Multiple Access (STDMA) in our simulations as MAC layer protocol. The results of the simulations demonstrate the rate of beacon transmission/reception effectively improves, results in better resource utilization. Also, Packet Error Rate (PER) and Packet Inter-Reception time (PIR) decrease significantly which is crucial for safety applications.


The 20 century portrayed power pack mass media platforms and now 21 century is making us witness revolutionary changes in communication and transportation instilled by new media (ICT) at precipitated speed and thus changing the process of globalization in society. This inevitably leads to predominantly cultural homogenization and fostering of intercultural dialogue. Up till now communication scientists have ignored intercultural communication as a distinct and discrete field of study or research has raised even more pressing issues for intercultural communication scholars and practitioners. It is imperative for intercultural communication researchers to further formulate strategically critical reflections on established theories and proven methods and to contemplate on past achievements and future directions. This paper explicates the significance of the condensed relationship between new media and intercultural communication, a vibrant discipline. The multicultural world is enhanced by the experiences of sojourners, immigrants, and others who successfully make the transition from one culture to another" (Kim, 2001) .Last fifty years have witnessed a steep rise in migration and this paper focuses on the ground breaking impact of new media on intercultural communication which has a powerful capacity to promote crossculture understanding, language, religion, social identity and gender differences. People from different cultures now communicate for social, professional and recreational requirements regardless of distance. Fortunately, it transports us into a 21st Century way of thinking about culture, communication, and new media." (Kent A. Ono, Professor, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) This paper attempts to investigate the impact of using new media which have brought human interaction and society to a highly complex and interconnected level. My larger goal is to build meta-knowledge about the critical role that intercultural competences and effective technologies solutions that can play in global communication and international relations to enable individuals to control messages in interpersonal media. New media are ubiquitous, changing the landscape of intercultural communication (Shuter, 2011). This paper discusses area of education and crosscultural rhetoric on the use of persuasive digital technologies to enable intercultural competencies among students and teachers across the world. * Scholar, DA-IICT, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information, Communication & Technology University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Correspondence E-mail Id: firstname.lastname@example.com International Journal on Transformations of Media, Journalism & Mass Communication 11 Vol. 2, Issue 2 2017 © Eureka Journals 2017. All Rights Reserved. www.eurekajournals.com To lead a successful life in the 21 century, we have to have the ability to communicate in intercultural context. Intercultural communication has now become a necessity and no longer an option for a successful integration to enable individuals to control messages in interpersonal media.


The effects of travel distance on visitation and associated recreation benefits are tested for a large national park. Visitor responses to a survey depicting various natural resource scenarios at Rocky Mountain National Park were used to estimate the effects of distance traveled on nature-based tourism behavior and benefits. Distance was a significant determinant in both the visitation and contingent valuation models. Long-distance visitors were more stable in their visitation patterns in the face of natural resource changes. Marginal recreational benefits per trip increased with distance but at a decreasing rate. However, in-state visitors accrued higher annual benefits because of greater trip frequency. The relative importance of visitor types can help private and public decision-makers better respond to different visitor needs. The findings also provide a unique perspective on consumer spatial tradeoffs and the national value of recreational resources.


Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311, USASpectroscopic data are analysed by fitting a collisional-radiative model to the emission spectrum of alow-temperature plasma in the wavelength range of visible light. The inference procedure employs Bayesianprobability theory and accounts for all measurement and model uncertainties. This allows for the validation ofmodel parameters, such as atomic data obtained in recent close-coupling calculations, which are ore only partlyor not at all accessible by beam-type experiments. Initial results indicate that the spectroscopic data containsignificant information about some Einstein coe fficients for spontaneous emission of less prominent spectral lines.Keywords: Integrated Data Analysis, Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Neon, Edge Plasma, Atomic Data


The reaction mechanism for electrochemical‐vapor deposition of yttria‐stabilized zirconia was studied. Yttria‐stabilized zirconia films were deposited on porous La(Sr)MnOx using the electrochemical‐vapor‐deposition process. The distribution of yttria concentration through the film was investigated by means of secondary‐ion‐mass spectroscopy and x‐ray microanalysis and found to be nearly constant. The deposition rate was approximately proportional to the minus two‐thirds power of the film thickness, the one‐third power of the partial pressure of ZrCl4/YCl3 mixed gas, and the two‐thirds power of the product of the reaction temperature and the electronic conductivity of yttria‐stabilized zirconia film. These experimental results were explained by a model for electron transport through the YSZ film and reaction between the surface oxygen and the metal chloride on the chloride side of the film, both of which affect the deposition rate. If the film thickness is very small, the deposition rate is thought to be c...


Objective: To assay the content and stability of vitamin C(VC) in serum by a simple, specific method. Methods: Serum samples were extracted by metaphosphoric acid, and analyzed on a column C 18 of HPLC with DAD detector at 234 nm. Mobile phase was 100 mmol/L KH 2PO 4, pH3.00. The flow rate was 1 ml/min. Results: Under this condition, the retention time of VC was 5.76 min. The within run and between run reproducibilities tests were 0.42% and 2.11% respectively, and the recovery rate ranged from 82% to 88.5%. Stored at -70 ℃ and compared to that of its metaphosphoric acid extract, serum VC content was stable only for two days, and then decreased rapidly, whereas it did not decrease in metaphosphoric acid extract until the fifth day. Conclusion: A simple, sensitive and reliable method of HPLC with DAD detector is established for measuring VC in either serum or fruit, such as orange juice. VC should be determined immediately or should be extracted with metaphosphoric acid as soon as possible, then the extracts are kept at -70 ℃, and analysed within 5 d.


Based on globally and locally coupled discretizations, some three-scale finite element schemes are proposed in this paper for a class of quantum eigenvalue problems. It is shown that the solution of a quantum eigenvalue problem on a fine grid may be reduced to the solution of an eigenvalue problem on a relatively coarse grid, and the solutions of linear algebraic systems on a globally mesoscopic grid and the locally fine grid, and the resulting solution is still very satisfactory.


In this new release from Libraries Unlimited, the authors coin the phrase "engaging design." Engaging design incorporates pieces of aesthetics, design thinking, and service design. The authors' aim is to "parse [design] theories and make them understandable, easy to incorporate, and worthwhile to the reader." The book is designed to be readable and usable by anyone working in academic, public, K–12, and/or special libraries.


Objective Discusse the effect of Mosapride in treatment of children patients with dyspepsia. Methods Chose 42 children patients with dyspepsia who were treated in hospital from September 2013 to October 2014 and separate them into study group and control group according to their hospitalization sequence. Patients in study group were given Mosapride treatment,while patients in control group were given Domperidone medicine treatment,and compared the treatment efficacy of these two groups. Results The treatment efficacy in study group was higher than control group,there was a treatment differential between the two groups,and such a differential has statistic value(P0.05).In addition,the side-effect incidence of patients in study group were lower than control group,there was a treatment differential between the two groups,and such a differential has statistic value(P0.05). Conclusion Mosapride medicine is of efficiency in treatment of children patients with dyspepsia,it is conducive to improving children patients' curing rate and reducing side-effect incidence in order to facilitate the recovery of children patients.


The reactor and regenerator system of Sinopec Jinmen Company′s 1200kt/a RFCCU is a vertically positioned lapped-type two-stage incomplete regeneration system.The regenerators are equipped with a down flow-type external heat exchanger.On June 26,2010,the external heat exchanger experienced a catalyst flowing problem.The catalyst inside the heat exchanger stopped flowing and the resulting effects include:as the excessive heat in the first regenerator could not be taken out,the regenerators were overheated,leading to a dramatic drop in the processing capacity and residue blending rate of the unit.Technicians judged that lining falling off inside the external heat exchanger had clogged the passage through which the catalyst flowed,thus stopping the flowing of the catalyst.They then worked out an inline solution without the need to stop production:laying a medium-pressure steam back flushing line to blow the lining falling off in the external heat exchanger into the second regenerator,opening the passage for catalyst flowing;accurately controlling the flow rate of catalyst entering the external heat exchanger from the first regenerator and fully opening the valve controlling the entry from the external heat exchanger to the second regenerator to facilitate catalyst flow;and increasing the rate of flow of fluidized air for the fluidized bed of the external heat exchanger as well as the rate of aeration air for the catalyst-conveying riser,the aim of which is to remove air resistance and quicken the flow of catalyst.After the above measures were taken,the flow of catalyst in the external heat exchanger and heat exchange gradually picked up and operation of the RFCCU resumed to normalcy.Without stopping production for an overhaul,the above solution saved a total of 1.6 million yuan for the company.


This study introduces a pinch-based method to design an internally heat-integrated pressure swing distillation (HIPSD) with a double annular column. In the configuration, the annular stripping sect...


This work introduces a novel design of a fixture to be adapted to the commercial version of the capillary breakup extensional rheometer (CaBER), here termed as an extensional magneto-rheological fixture (ExMRFx), that allows the characterization of magnetic fluids under uniaxial extensional flow. The fixture consists of four solenoids that generate a homogeneous magnetic field with a tunable intensity on the fluid sample, while characterized in the CaBER under uniaxial extensional flow. The ExMRFx is designed in two configurations, one to impose a magnetic field parallel, while the other to impose a magnetic field perpendicular to the deformation axis. As an example of possible application, the ExMRFx has been tested with a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) consisting of a suspension of carbonyl iron particles dispersed in glycerine. The experimental results show that the filament thinning process of the MRF sample is influenced by the concentration of carbonyl iron particles used, the orientation of the magnetic field (parallel or perpendicular), the intensity of the magnetic field applied, and finally the Hencky strain imposed. Depending on the combination of these latter parameters, the MRF sample may result in a very stable filament bridging the two measuring plates, which will remain stable, as long as none of the experimental parameters change.This work introduces a novel design of a fixture to be adapted to the commercial version of the capillary breakup extensional rheometer (CaBER), here termed as an extensional magneto-rheological fixture (ExMRFx), that allows the characterization of magnetic fluids under uniaxial extensional flow. The fixture consists of four solenoids that generate a homogeneous magnetic field with a tunable intensity on the fluid sample, while characterized in the CaBER under uniaxial extensional flow. The ExMRFx is designed in two configurations, one to impose a magnetic field parallel, while the other to impose a magnetic field perpendicular to the deformation axis. As an example of possible application, the ExMRFx has been tested with a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) consisting of a suspension of carbonyl iron particles dispersed in glycerine. The experimental results show that the filament thinning process of the MRF sample is influenced by the concentration of carbonyl iron particles used, the orientation of the mag...


Rio 2016. Olympic Myths Hard Realities is an edited overview of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. The book is edited by Andrew Zimbalist and was published by the Brookings Institution in 2017. One year a...


X-ray fluorescence from thin foils inserted into the Naval Postgraduate School linac has been used to measure the integrated electron beam intensity when the accelerator is operating with dark current. The measured X-ray flux, the known inner shell ionization cross sections and radiative transition probabilities are used to obtain measurements of dark currents of the order of 10/sup -14/ Amperes. The same arrangement allows continuous, in-situ energy calibration of our SiLi detector in the electromagnetic noise environment of the linac. This technique was originally developed to perform absolute production efficiency measurements of parametric X-ray generation in the 5-50 keV range.<<ETX>>


Ethics strengthens the proper conduct and ways to promote it, according to the prevailing concepts in society or in specific social groups. Clear example is the code of ethics of advertising, which condemns the comparisons between products, brands or companies, as well as false advertising. Advertising agencies will arrange to monitor compliance with these and other rules of conduct, through a council ofself-regulation. For fans of the ethic of conviction, who contravenes the guidelines established to assumethe burden of transgression, suffering their penalties and bear the burden of guilt and remorse. On the other hand, who, doing their duty can only refer to God as the result of the action. So significantly ifferent fans of the ethics of responsibility following two steps: first reflect on the facts and present conditions then deliberate. Literature searches were carried out in books.


The diversity and volume of environmental data required to support CERCLA Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL RI/FS) prompted the development of an automated sample tracking system using bar code technology. Use of bar codes has enhanced both efficiency and accuracy related to data gathering and tracking efforts. The automated system has eliminated a number of problems associated with organizing and maintaining a large, relational environmental data base.


For a mathematical entity, black holes are the subject of considerable folklore. I would like to give them their "fair dues" and spend the evening painting a portrait of these objects which have so captured our imaginations over the past few decades. I will also explain how black holes can help us ultimately to test the theory which spawned them, Einstein's General Relativity. COLUMBIA ASTRONOMY OUTREACH PRESENTS:


The objective of this research is to study the effect of tapioca starch wastewater industries as substrate on an anaerobic fixed bed digester to the biogas production and to study the performance of 2.25 m fixed bed digester. The research was conducted from February-November 2000 in Situraja, Sumedang, West-Java the benefit of this research is to obtain environmentally sound technologiest in the tapioca starch production-utilizing cassava roots as raw material and to supply additional energy within tapioca starch industries. Method used in this research is the utilization of a fixed bed polyethylene bioreactor of 2.25 m capacity. Support materials/media used was PVC pipe with the dimension of 65.5 mm length, 75 mm diameter, 1.5 mm wall thickness, and have surface area per volume/specific surface area of 45.32 m/m with void volume of 93.5%. The inoculum utilized was filtered cow dung. The performance anaerobic process was done by Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) controlling, biogas production measurement and methane content measurement. Chemical analyses was done in terms of pH, COD and biological analyses was done in terms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). The research results showed that the value of organic substance in the influent was in average of 10,062 ppm and 5,649 ppm in terms of COD and BOD respectively. Maximum organic loading rate applied was 7.8 kg COD/m day. The efficiency degradation reached in average of 76% and 95.8% in terms of COD and BOD respectively. Methane content in the biogas was in the range of 53.5% to 71%. The average biogas productivity was 1.2 m /m of wastewater. Significantly increasing of pH value has been proven from around 4 in the influent and 7.04 to 7.13 in the effluent.


The success of a biological weed control program depends on the ability of control agents to develop on various genotypes of their host plants, thereby reducing the competitive ability of the target plant species. We studied the performance of the chrysomelid beetle Galerucella calmariensis L., introduced as a biological control agent of purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L., on plants from 3 different North American populations. Plants for the experiments were obtained from Ithaca, NY; St. Paul, MN; and Salem, OR, representing different climates and colonization histories. We studied the survival and impact of G. calmariensis at 3 herbivore densities with plants grown under identical conditions at Ithaca. Plant growth and biomass allocation patterns were significantly different among the 3 tested populations. Survival rates of the leaf beetles (egg to adult) were not significantly different among sites or among herbivore attack levels. Herbivory caused significant reductions in plant height, leaf, shoot, root, and total plant biomass with increasing attack levels. We found no significant interaction of herbivory and plant origin. Plants compensated for the loss of photosynthetic tissues by replacing foliage at the expense of below ground storage, thus, herbivory altered the biomass allocation pattern of L. salicaria . This might have important implications for other control agents attacking the roots of L. salicaria .


Background :
Use of Ma Huang is controversial. Multiple reports of adverse effects led the U.S. Federal Drug Administration (FDA) to announce about...


Abstract : Nonadecafluorodecanoic acid (NDFDA), a biological test model for similar compounds used to produce aqueous film-forming foams, is a potent hepatotoxin. since the compound has been shown to modify cellular membrane systems, the effect of NDFDA on membrane-dependent functions of genetic expression hs been investigated. Messenger RNA transport through nuclear pores in a cell-free system derived from rat liver, was significantly inhibited when the nucleic were derived from NDFDA-treated rats. The induction of the hepatic enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase by hydrocortisone and insulin was near normal. In contrast, pretreatment with NDFDA inhibited induction by glucagon, suggesting that some receptor or post-receptor step in the glucagon-mediated activation of the membrane-bound adenylate cyclase system was defective.


Kobayashi et al., "Exclusive increase of CX3CR1"CD28 CD4+ T cells in inflammatory bowel disease and their recruitment as intraepithelial lymphocytes." Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 13:837-846 (2007). Search Report for PCT Application No. PCT/JP2012/073171, Oct. 30, 2012. Umehara et al., "Fractalkine in vascular biology: from basic research to clinical disease." Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 24:34-40 (2004). Arnold et al., "Inflammatory monocytes recruited after skeletal muscle injury Switch into antiinflammatory macrophages to Support myogenesis." The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 204(5):1057 1069 (2007). Auffray et al., "Monitoring of Blood Vessels and Tissues by a Popu lation of Monocytes with Patrolling Behavior." Science, 317(666):666-670 (2007). Chen et al., "The Amino Terminus and the Third Extracellular Loop of CX3CR1 Contain Determinants Critical for Distinct Receptor Functions." Molecular Pharmacology, 69(3):857-865 (2006). Clark et al., "Inhibition of spinal microglial cathepsin S for the reversal of neuropathic pain." PNAS, 104(25):10655-10660 (2007). Colvin et al., "Intracellular Domains of CXCR3 That Mediate CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 Function." The Journal of Biologi cal Chemistry, 279(29):30219-30227 (2004). Combadiere et al., "Decreased Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation in CX3CR1/Apollipoprotein E Double Knockout Mice." Circulation, 107: 1009-1016 (2003).


Checking the fullllment of graduation requirements for a degree from an American university is a complex problem. This paper suggests a logic programming approach to develop a software system called NADA for analyzing a student's course grade transcript to verify that all the conditions for graduation are met. If the student is not eligible for graduation, the NADA system then acts as his/her advisor and suggests possible courses that the student can take in order to graduate. In this paper, our logic programming based approach for solving the degree audit and advising problem is presented together with an Internet accessible user interface developed in Java. The system is fully functional and has been specialized for use by students in the College of Arts and Sciences at New Mexico State University (NMSU). This work shows the ease with which logic programming systems can be crafted for complex problems.


This thesis aims to study the risk measure Conditional Value-at-Risk and analyse an optimization problem of maximizing expected return subject to this risk measure. The analysis include performing Fourier-Motzkin eliminations on the system of linear constraints of the problem, so that the portfolio is the only remaining decision variable.


This paper studies the real-time location of human body and objects in indoor environments of several methods, and through reverse thinking, study of a RFID-based indoor signal blocking method for positioning, according to the experimental thinking, we did a reality scenario test, obtained relevant data. According to test results we obtained the optimum label release interval, which to provide support for the system design and development, but also a strong proof of the feasibility of this method.


Twenty 48-hour balance studies were performed on six low birth weight infants with late edema and on four control infants. Each infant had two balance studies: one on a regular milk formula and another on a lower sodium and potassium milk preparation. The urinary outgo of sodium. potassium, nitrogen, and water was similar in both groups of infants, irrespective of the type of milk intake. The internal distribution of electrolyte and water was calculated from the balance data. In the control infants, the retained water and sodium was distributed between the intracellular and extracellular phases. In infants with late edema, the expansion of the extracellular water and sodium was equivalent to the sum of the net retention, plus an internal shift of water and sodium from the non-extracellular or intracellular phases into the extracellular phase.


The massless bosonic field compactified on the circle of rational R2 is reexamined in the presense of boundaries. A particular class of models corresponding to R2=1/2k is distinguished by demanding the existence of a consistent set of Neumann boundary states. The boundary states are constructed explicitly for these models and the fusion rules are derived from them. These are the ones prescribed by the Verlinde formula from the S-matrix of the theory. In addition, the extended symmetry algebra of these theories is constructed, which is responsible for the rationality of these theories. Finally, the chiral space of these models is shown to split into a direct sum of irreducible modules of the extended symmetry algebra.


A "double delay" de-embedding algorithm appropriate for electromagnetic analyses is described. This algorithm uses only two standards, a through and a double length through. By evaluating these standards, a special class of port discontinuities may be characterized and removed from the data calculated for a complete structure. Unlike related physical de-embedding algorithms, both the characteristic impedance and the velocity of propagation of the through lines are determined. The technique described here is difficult to implement in a physical de-embedding. The de-embedding theory also provides a new definition of characteristic impedance, "equivalent TEM impedance," for inhomogeneous media, such as microstrip. This new impedance exhibits a nonmonotonic dispersion which has been measured experimentally but is not seen using previous impedance definitions.


Objective To verify that natural zeolites can be used in treatment of fluoride in groundwater in the east-southern of Shanxi Province. Methods Determination of the fluoride by lime-paper sampling and fluorine ion-selective electrode analysis(reference to GB/T 7484-1987). In the paper the best activation process and the appropriate application were discussed, and then the activated zeolite should be used in experimental and real application, in which the effect of zeolite on water quality were assured. The used zeolite could be regenerated and reused. Results The best activation process before use was orderly treated by 5.0 mol/L HCl for 5 hours, then 0.3 mol/L KAl(SO4)2 10 hours,and finally 300 ℃ in furnace for 4 hours. 5 g activated zeolite in 100 ml water(solid∶liquid =1∶20). The static analysis insisted that activated zeolite had a significant adsorption for fluorine. The dynamic analysis verified that the fluoride level could reach the standard after 40 min of treatment. Regenerated with 2.0% KAl(SO4)2,the effect of removing fluoride was 45.0%. Conclusion The experiments testified that the processed natural zeolite can used in water treatment of high fluoride groundwater.


A kinetic study of the partial oxidation of propane was performed in a jet stirred reactor. The main goal of this study was to establish a detailed homogeneous mechanism of this reaction and explore the capability to produce H2 and olefins. Various operating parameters are modified: temperature, residence time, and O2/C3H8 ratio. The mechanism was validated by comparing experimental and simulated results. A different behavior was observed depending on the temperature. At 600 °C, the mechanism contains both an oxidation and a pyrolytic path. The main products are H2, C2H4, CH4, CO, and O2. At 800 °C, the mechanism mostly contains a pyrolytic path. The main products are H2 and CO.


An asymptotic approach is developed to solve the problem of determining the vector components with the absolute angular velocity of an object according to the information from three two-level gyroscopes. An approximate technique is described to account the elastic compliance of the main pillars in the asymptotic estimation algorithm which does not reguire measurements referring the deformation angles of the supports.


A circuit for use in connection with a stereo audio system to increase the ambience includes a differencing circuit for receiving a left stereo input and a right stereo input. The differencing circuit produces an output signal having a difference of the left stereo input and the right stereo input. A shelf filtering circuit is operably coupled to the differencing circuit to receive the output signal. The shelf filtering circuit has a first passband range of frequencies wherein the output signal is attenuated at a first level and a second passband range of frequencies wherein the output signal is attenuated at a second level. The shelf filtering circuit has a crossover frequency between the first passband range of frequencies and the second passband range of frequencies. A summing circuit operably coupled to the left input and the right input and operably coupled to the shelf filtering circuit receives an output signal from the shelf filtering circuit. The summing circuit adds a left minus right attenuated output signal from the shelf filtering circuit to the left input and a right minus left attenuated output signal from the shelf filtering circuit to the right input.


Since the 1990s the photoconductive material of choice for THz generation has been low-temperature grown GaAs (LTG-GaAs) thanks to its useful mobility (~200 cm2/V.s), high dark resistivity (~107 Ω.cm), and fast carrier lifetime (~0.2 ps). However, due to the band gap energy of GaAs, the usual optical drive wavelength is around 800 nm where suitable lasers, both cw and pulsed, tend to be marginal in output power and rather expensive. Consequently, research has pushed towards the development of InGaAs-on-InP-based ultra-fast photoconductive materials operating at 1550-nm where cw and pulsed lasers are superior in all respects. Recently, we discovered ultrafast extrinsic photoconductivity in ErAs:GaAs at 1550 nm, allowing the generation of both cw and pulsed THz waves. GaAs-based materials have major electrical advantages over InGaAs-based because of their superior dark resistivity and breakdown field. In this paper, we show that 1550-nm-driven ErAs:GaAs is now a promising alternative to InGaAs-based photoconductive material. We focus on the ultrafast photoconductive behavior, and compare the performance of ErAs:GaAs photoconductive switches to those from state-of-the-art ultrafast InGaAs devices.


A $k$-uniform family of subsets of $[n]$ is intersecting if it does not contain a disjoint pair of sets. The study of intersecting families is central to extremal set theory, dating back to the seminal Erd\H{o}s-Ko-Rado theorem of 1961 that bounds the size of the largest such families. A recent trend has been to investigate the structure of set families with few disjoint pairs. Friedgut and Regev proved a general removal lemma, showing that when $\gamma n \le k \le (\tfrac12 - \gamma)n$, a set family with few disjoint pairs can be made intersecting by removing few sets.
We provide a simple proof of a removal lemma for large families, showing that families of size close to $\ell \binom{n-1}{k-1}$ with relatively few disjoint pairs must be close to a union of $\ell$ stars. Our lemma holds for a wide range of uniformities; in particular, when $\ell = 1$, the result holds for all $2 \le k < \frac{n}{2}$ and provides sharp quantitative estimates.
We use this removal lemma to settle a question of Bollob\'as, Narayanan and Raigorodskii regarding the independence number of random subgraphs of the Kneser graph $K(n,k)$. The Erd\H{o}s-Ko-Rado theorem shows $\alpha(K(n,k)) = \binom{n-1}{k-1}$. For some constant $c > 0$ and $k \le cn$, we determine the sharp threshold for when this equality holds for random subgraphs of $K(n,k)$, and provide strong bounds on the critical probability for $k \le \tfrac12 (n-3)$.


Within the framework of knowledge societies, universities as institutions whose activities underpin professional training and the generation of scientific knowledge play a strategic role in the promotion of economic and social development. In this article, the importance of the management of intellectual capital is discussed, as an element that promotes the integration of university functions in the context of knowledge societies. Methodologically, a bibliographic design is adopted based on literature review in the lines of research in the knowledge society, intellectual capital and university functions. The work is structured in four sections: in the first, the foundations of knowledge societies are addressed; in the second, the postulates of the theory of intellectual capital are analyzed; in the third, the incidence of the management of intellectual capital in the articulation of the functions of extension, research and university teaching is discussed; Finally, in the fourth, the conclusions of the conclusions emphasize the importance of the management of intellectual capital, as a strategic factor that promotes a rethinking of the traditional management model used for the development of university functions.


Diagnostic potentialities of computed tomography were assessed by the results of the study of the neuropathological department patients with blood circulation disturbance in the Emergency Hospital in Ufa. The received data suggests that computed tomography is highly sensitive and diagnostically effective in defecting infarct focuses in the cerebral insult clinical course diagnosis.


1-486 m m I , F(000) = 7095, T = 293 K, R = 0.061 for 3749 observed data. The structure contains five crystallographically distinct Cu I~ species. Two are involved in a monomeric binuclear complex with the macrocyclic ligand, two are bound to a similar complex which is linked as a tetramer and the fifth is the aqua complex which acts as a countercation. 0108-2701/91/061185-04503.00 © 1991 International Union of Crystallography 1186 A B I N U C L E A R Cu xI COMPLEX Table 1. Data collection and refinement details Crystal dimensions (mm) 0.2 x 0-2 x 0.2 Scan mode (o/20 Scan width (°) 0-70 + 0.345tan0 Scan speed (° min -~) 2-1-16-6 Range 20 (°) 4--40 Unique reflections measured 7363 Ri~t (for 303 pairs) 0.042 Reflections [I >_ 2-5(7(/)] 3749 Refined parameters 392 R 0.061 wR* 0.078 S 1.03 *w = [2.451to(X) + 3-113t~(X) + l'198t,_(X)] -~, where ) ( = IFoI/Fm~ and t, are polynomial functions of the Chebyshev series (Carruthers & Watkin, 1979) proved satisfactory. Introduction. The transition metal complexes of tetraaza macrocyclic tetraacetates show a great variety of different structures depending on the size and number of the coordinated metal ions and on the size of the macrocyclic ring (Riesen, Zehnder & Kaden, 1985, 1986, 1988). In this work the structure of a binuclear Cu u complex of 1,5,9,13-tetraazacyclohexadecane-N,N',N",N'"-tetraacetate (L) is reported, which is the first example of the 16-membered representative of this type of ligand. E x p e r i m e n t a l . D a r k b l u e , o c t a h e d r o n s h a p e d c r y s t a l s w e r e o b t a i n e d f r o m r e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n f r o m w a t e r / e t h a n o l ( R i e s e n et al., 1986). T h e c r y s t a l s r a p i d l y l o s t s o l v e n t a n d c r y s t a l l i n i t y o n e x p o s u r e to t h e a i r . T h e r e f o r e t h e c r y s t a l s w e r e m o u n t e d in a 0 .2 m m g las s c a p i l l a r y t o g e t h e r w i t h m o t h e r l i q u o r . Ce l l p a r a m e t e r d e t e r m i n a t i o n w a s p e r f o r m e d u s i n g a n E n r a f N o n i u s C A D 4 d i f f r a c t o m e t e r y i e l d i n g a Cc e n t r e d cel l w i t h a = 35 .654 (5), b = 24 .691 (7), c = 2 4 . 7 1 4 ( 7 ) / ~ , fl = 133 .72 (2) °, a = y = 90 °, w h i c h w a s u s e d f o r d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n . F o u r i n t e n s i t y s t a n d a r d s w e r e m e a s u r e d e v e r y h o u r o f a c q u i s i t i o n t i m e a n d s h o w e d a s y s t e m a t i c loss o f i n t e n s i t y o f a b o u t 2 % . T h e i n i t i a l ce l l a n d t h e c o l l e c t e d d a t a w e r e t r a n s f o r m e d t o .a t e t r a g o n a l / c e n t r e d cel l . U n i t c e l l p a r a m e t e r s a n d d a t a c o l l e c t i o n d e t a i l s a r e s h o w n in T a b l e 1. D a t a r e d u c t i o n i n c l u d i n g L o r e n t z a n d p o l a r i z a t i o n c o r r e c t i o n s a n d s t r u c t u r e s o l u t i o n w e r e c a r r i e d o u t u s i n g t h e N R C V A X p r o g r a m p a c k a g e ( G a b e , L a r s o n , L e e & L e P a g e , 1984). T h e m i s s i n g n o n H a t o m s w e r e l o c a l i z e d b y e l e c t r o n d e n s i t y F o u r i e r s y n t h e s e s . A n e m p i r i c a l c o r r e c t i o n to t h e d a t a w a s a p p l i e d a f t e r t h e r e f i n e m e n t o f t h e i s o t r o p i c m o d e l w a s c o m p l e t e u s i n g t h e p r o c e d u r e D I F A B S ( W a l k e r & S t u a r t , t 9 8 3 ) w i t h i n t h e s y s t e m C R Y S T A L S ( W a t k i n , C a r r u t h e r s & B e t t e r i d g e , 1985) o n w h i c h s u b s e q u e n t c a l c u l a t i o n s w e r e m a d e . B e c a u s e t h e c r y s t a l w a s d i f f r a c t i n g w e a k l y (a r e a s o n a b l e f r a c t i o n o f r e f l e c t i o n s w a s o b s e r v e d o n l y to 0 = 20 ° ) w e t r i e d t o k e e p t h e m o d e l as s i m p l e as p o s s i b l e . O n l y t h e C u a n d C1 a t o m s w e r e r e f i n e d a n i s o t r o p i ca l ly . I s o t r o p i c t e m p e r a t u r e f a c t o r s o f c h e m i c a l l y T a b l e 2. Fractional atomic coordinates ( x 104; 105 fo r C u ) and isotropic or equivalent isotropic temperature factors (/~2 x 10 4) U~q = (1/3)Y-iZj Uuaffaj*a,.aj. x y z Uiso/U~ Cu(31) 73990 (13) 52698 (13) 13852 (12) 554 Cu(11) 70393 (11) 36813 (i 1) 27683 (10) 456 Cu(12) 82009 (11) 51909 (11) 33027 (10) 457 Cu(21) 79222 (! 1) 65631 (11) -2489 (10) 466 Cu(22) 65414 (10) 51935 (10) -5018 (9) 382 El(11) 6402 (3) 2995 (3) 2292 (2) 617 C1(21) 8641 (3) 7236 (3) 113 (2) 581 N(11) 6574 (7) 3769 (7) 3437 (7) 451 (17) C(12) 6452 (10) 3200 (9) 3650 (9) 551 (24) C(13) 6948 (10) 2864 (10) 3768 (9) 588 (35) C(14) 7250 (9) 2683 (9) 3341 (9) 551 (24) N(15) 7555 (7) 3117 (7) 3047 (7) 451 (17) C(16) 7981 (9) 3313 (9) 3408 (9) 523 (23) C(17) 8249 (9) 3852 (9) 3233 (9) 461 (30) C(18) 8558 (9) 4083 (9) 3653 (9) 523 (23) N(19) 8757 (7) 4668 (7) 3580 (7) 460 (17) C(ll0) 8975 (I0) 4875 (10) 4088 (9) 551 (24) C(111) 8596 (10) 4979 (10) 4500 (9) 588 (35) C(112) 8179 (9) 5427 (9) 4407 (8) 551 (24) N(113) 7794 (7) 5311 (7) 3963 (6) 460 (17) C(114) 7427 (10) 4892 (9) 4088 (8) 523 (23) C(115) 7062 (9) 4644 (9) 3691 (8) 461 (30) C(116) 6834 (9) 4125 (10) 3844 (9) 523 (23) C(! 17) 6086 (9) 4030 (9) 3216 (9) 561 (24) C(118) 7799 (10) 2895 (10) 2568 (9) 561 (24) C(119) 9184 (10) 4664 (9) 3161 (9) 561 (24) C(120) 7470 (10) 5830 (10) 3876 (9) 561 (24) C(121) 6230 (10) 4393 (10) 2777 (9) 583 (25) C(122) 7813 (10) 3302 (10) 2139 (10) 583 (25) C(123) 8950 (10) 4748 (10) 2633 (10) 583 (25) C(124) 7306 (11) 5866 (! 1) 3307 (10) 647 (25) O(11) 6655 (6) 4340 (6) 2532 (6) 537 (14) O(12) 7532 (6) 3740 (6) 2200 (6) 537 (14) O(13) 8460 (6) 4991 (6) 2628 (5) 537 (14) O(14) 7596 (6) 5611 (6) 2991 (6) 537 (14) O(15) 5865 (7) 4761 (7) 2669 (6) 682 (35) O(16) 8105 (7) 3229 (7) 1750 (7) 760 (37) O(17) 9160 (7) 4610 (6) 2222 (7) 683 (34) O(18) 6924 (8) 6157 (7) 3179 (7) 816 (54) O(41) 8763 (6) 5956 (6) 3402 (6) 648 (49) N(21) 7412 (7) 7139 (7) 560 (7) 451 (17) C(22) 7720 (9) 7532 (9) 912 (8) 551 (24) C(23) 8106 (9) 7266 (9) 1360 (8) 588 (35) C(24) 8474 (9) 6866 (9) 1205 (9) 551 (24) N(25) 8302 (7) 6377 (7) -892 (7) 451 (17) C(26) 8007 (9) 6003 (9) 1253 (9) 523 (23) C(27) 7733 (9) 5537 (9) -983 (8) 461 (30) C(28) 7318 (9) 5300 (9) 1362 (9) 523 (23) N(29) 6896 (7) 4915 (7) -1152 (6) 460 (17) C(210) 6535 (10) 4765 (9) 1558 (9) 551 (24) C(211) 6168 (10) 5247 (9) -1725 (9) 588 (35) C(212) 5750 (9) 5424 (10) 1333 (9) 551 (24) N(213) 6004 (7) 5703 (7) 856 (6) 460 (17) C(214) 6259 (9) 6235 (10) 1026 (9) 523 (23) C(215) 6630 (9) 6476 (9) -612 (8) 461 (30) C(216) 6976 (9) 6933 (9) -872 (9) 523 (23) C(217) 7225 (10) 7404 (9) -76 (9) 561 (24) C(218) 8801 (10) 6093 (10) -685 (9) 561 (24) C(219) 7208 (10) 4419 (9) -962 (9) 561 (24) C(220) 5598 (9) 5783 (9) -449 (9) 561 (24) C(221) 7169 (10) 7004 (10) 383 (9) 583 (25) C(222) 8717 (10) 5775 (10) -209 (10) 583 (25) C(223) 7367 (10) 4484 (10) -421 (9) 583 (25) C(224) 5794 (8) 5743 (8) 99 (8) 360 (58) O(21) 7438 (6) 6583 (6) 355 (5) 537 (14) 0(22) 8291 (6) 5920 (6) 40 (6) 537 (14) 0(23) 7095 (6) 4794 (6) 128 (5) 537 (14) 0(24) 6269 (6) 5543 (6) 144 (5) 537 (14) 0(25) 6889 (7) 7181 (7) 754 (6) 682 (35) 0(26) 9014 (7) 5418 (7) -80 (7) 760 (37) Occ. F. W. B. EINSTEIN, A. RIESEN A N D T. A. KADEN 1187


This work reports an efficient method to fabricate large-area flexible substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) application. Our technique is based on a single-step direct imprint process via porous anodic alumina stamps. Periodic hexagonal arrangements of porous anodic alumina stamps are transferred to the polyethylene terephthalate substrates by mechanically printing process. Printed nanocaps will turn into "hot spots" for electromagnetic enhancement with a deposited gold film by high vacuum evaporation. The gaps between the nanocaps are controllable with a tight correspondence to the thickness of the deposited gold, which dramatically influence the enhancement factor. After covered with a single-layer graphene sheet, the gold nanocap substrate can be further optimized with an extra enhancement of Raman signals, and it is available for the trace detection of probe molecules. This convenient, simple, and low-cost method of making flexible SERS-active substrates potentially opens a way towards biochemical analysis and disease detection.


The article reveals the data on the use test of enamel resistance (TER) in studies on dental caries the central problem in dentistry. Importance of predictive tests which allow focusing prevention efforts on deferent individuals at deferent times is being emphasized. The description of TER clinical techniques is presented; its weakness in terms of objectifying the degree of staining in the tested site is indicated. A standard color scale available in the Internet is proposed. In case of its application by all the authors who use TER, this methodological innovation will allow to obtain objective information about the level of tooth functional resistance under various conditions


The positive control assumes constant revision of the quality standards with allowance for opinions of consumers and their claims, and also requests of customers. By the nature standards contain the fixed requests with the purposes of unification and uniformity achievement. But such fixation should not go too far.


Limited entry techniques have recently been applied in massive hydraulic fracturing (MHF) of the Niobrara/Codell intervals of the Denver-Julesberg basin. Erratic surface treating pressure behavior and partial-to-complete well screenouts were frequently encountered during simultaneous treatment of these zones. This may be indicative of a lack of control of interzonal treatment fluid placement. There are field-proved solutions to this problem of interzonal fluid entry control during limited entry MHF. This first of two article examines the downhole interactions that occur.


PADTAD brings together researchers from academia and researchers and practitioners from industry to promote the development of techniques and tools that aid in testing, analysis, and debugging of multi-threaded/parallel/distributed software.


Caesalpinia sappan Linn. family Caesalpinioidae, is a small thorny tree species native to India with multifarious uses. It is an edible, versatile natural dye yielding tree species endowed with wide variety of medicinal properties. It is being used in traditional systems of medicine as an anticonvulsant, antiinflammatory, anti-proliferative, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, antiviral, immunostimulant and antioxidant1. Under natural conditions C. sappan grows mostly in hilly areas with clayey soil and calcareous rocks at low and medium altitudes. This can be grown on a large scale in tropical areas and it is attaining economic importance in recent years2. The immense and proven medicinal properties along with its use as dyeing agent, recently the wood has received attention of both domestic and international market and the demand is very high. Hence, to cope up with the escalating demands, the artificial regeneration of C. sappan has to be initiated in forest and non-forest areas. However, the regeneration of this species is constrained by seed dormancy and low viability of seeds.


Data on the Internet is increasingly presented in XML format. This enables novel applications that pose queries over "all the XML data on the Internet." Queries over XML data use path expressions to navigate through the structure of the data, and optimizing these queries requires estimating the selectivity of these path expressions. In this paper, we propose two techniques for estimating the selectivity of simple XML path expressions over complex large-scale XML data as would be handled by Internet-scale applications: path trees and Markov tables. Both techniques work by summarizing the structure of the XML data in a small amount of memory and using this summary for selectivity estimation. We experimentally demonstrate the accuracy of our proposed techniques, and explore the different situations that would favor one technique over the other. We also demonstrate that our proposed techniques are more accurate than the best previously known alternative.


Abstract BOD5, COD and total organic carbon were measured in the waste water from six locations in a poultry processing plant and from a processing plant's waste treatment facility. Total organic carbon correlated with BOD5 and COD and was a good indication of the waste treatment facility efficiency.


Abstract Recently it was shown that many results in Mathematical Programming involving convex functions actually hold for a wider class of functions, called invex. Here a simple characterization of invexity is given for both constrained and unconstrained problems. The relationship between invexity and other generalizations of convexity is illustrated. Finally, it is shown that invexity can be substituted for convexity in the saddle point problem and in the Slater constraint qualification.


A double-layer fibre-less absorber is presented in this paper as possible substitute for Micro-Perforated Element (MPE), at least in room acoustic applications. This absorber is called Micro-Grooved-Element (MGE) and it is based on the presence of internal micro-channels generated when the element is assembled.Despite the necessity of having two layers, it is possible to have a certain control of the weight because the layers are provided with wide slots. The MGE offers the advantage of requiring basic manufacturing process (typically milling), instead of the less cost effective laser cut used for MPE. Nevertheless, the design of these elements allows the generation of micro-apertures which are smaller in cross section and length than in case of traditional MPE, while still preserving adequate porosity. In this work, the acoustic behaviour of several MPE and MPE samples is studied. The absorption coefficients and the transfer impedances, in both linear and non-linear regimes, are compared. In case of MGE,...


Elaeocarpus ganitrus (L.) commonly known as Rudraksha has been stated for its potential medicinal benefits in traditional system of medicine due to its electromagnetic activity, although scientific evidences about its magnetic properties are missing. The present study aims to investigate the magnetic properties of three types (Three Mukhi, Four Mukhi and Five Mukhi) of Rudraksha beads abundant in India. The main study questions were a) whether Rudraksha beads owe any magnetic property as defined in traditional system of medicine, b) If yes, then what type of magnetic property it displays, c) does their magnetic property varies due to variation in Mukhi d) What shall be the constituents that are likely to be responsible for its magnetic behaviour? Magnetic characterization was assessed through Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy whereas Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) was used to quantify minerals. The present study outcomes demonstrated that all three types of Rudraksha beads possess weak ferromagnetic behaviour with marked differences in their magnetization potential. Research outcomes of the current study generated valuable scientific evidences about the magnetic characteristics of Rudraksha which is attributed as major pharmacological mechanism of action. Further, the present study introduces Rudraksha beads as a "natural magnetic wood" candidate with wider research applications.


This paper deals with the analysis of the results of a full scale pavement test conducted on several reinforced and unreinforced paved sections where the following were investigated: subgrade strength, gravel base thickness, geosynthetic type, number of equivalent axle loads. The testing results presented in this paper are valuable data for the safe application of both analytical and practical design approach.


Objective To observe protective effects of panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) during lung ischemia reperfusion injury(LIRI) and to investigate its mechanism.Methods Rabbit lung model of ischemia reperfusion injury was constituted in vivo.30 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation group(S group),ischemia-reperfusion group(IR group)and ischemia-reperfusion plus panax notoginseng saponins group(PNS group).Wet to dry weight ratio(W/D),injured alveoli rate(IAR) in lung tissue were examined,ultramicroscopic structure changes were observed at the end of experiment.Meanwhile the location and expression of PKC mRNA were observed.Results The value of W/D and IAR were much higher in IR group,but decreased in PNS group.Electron microscope showed obvious ultrastructure injury brought by LIRI in IR group,which was greatly attenuated in PNS group.The average optical density values of PKCα,δ and θmRNA in small pulmonary veins in PNS group were significantly higher than those in IR group and S group.Conclusion Panax notoginseng saponins produces notable protective effects on LIRI in rabbits by activating PKCα,δ and θ mRNA expression in lung tissue.


Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation leads to photo‐damage of the skin, which in turn induces expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and reduces type I procollagen. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) has been widely used as a traditional medicine. In this study, we tested the photo‐protective effects of methanol extracts of bitter melon pulp (BM) and the mechanism of these effects in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The effects of BM were investigated by measuring the levels of MMP‐1, ‐3 and ‐9, and type I procollagen following UVB irradiation. We found that BM alleviates UVB‐induced MMP‐1, ‐3 and ‐9 expression at 100 µg/mL (down to 52.0%, 73.5%, and 55.6%, respectively). However, cells treated with 100 µg/mL BM had weakly stimulated type I procollagen expression (up to 130.0%). Moreover, treatment with BM significantly reduced UVB‐induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 phosphorylation, which resulted in decreasing UVB‐induced phosphorylation of c‐Fos and c‐Jun. Therefore, our results suggest that BM is a potential agent for regulating skin photoaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This document provides the theoretical basis that hides behind the modules of MAJA processor. MAJA stands
for MACCS-ATCOR Joint Algorithm, where MACCS was the Multi-Temporal Atmospheric Correction and
Cloud Screening software, developed by CNES and CESBIO, and ATCOR is the Atmospheric Correction soft-
ware developed by DLR. MAJA is based on MACCS architecture and includes modules that come from AT-
COR.

The MAJA processor is applicable to time series of Sentinel-2, Landsat, Venµs, and Formosat satellites.

This Algorithmic Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) provides a scientific description of the methods used
within MAJA and some justifications of the choices made, as well as basic validation results.


The appearance of speckle makes it difficult for image segmentation, classification and target detection. By analyzing MMSE filter and the enhanced one, it can be seen that although these filters are better trade-off between noise reduction and fine detail preserving, a basic premise is required for all statistic filters that the sample mean and variance of a pixel is equal to its local mean and variance based on pixels within a neighborhood surrounding it. It is validated only if the filtering area is large enough to assure the sample calculation robust and doesn't contain edge features, linear features or point targets for stationary assumption. An improved filter based on adaptive windowing and structure detection is proposed in this paper. This filter outputs the mean intensity of filtering area in homogeneous region. Maximum homogeneous filtering area decided by adaptive windowing technique is required to keep sample calculation robust. Structure feature such as line, edge and point target may appear in heterogeneous region and this invalidates the basic premise of stationary for all local statistic filters. Point target is preserved owing to special distribution and maximum window subset of linear and edge feature is decided by using different ratio detectors. Filtering process is accomplished calculating local statistics in window subset determined. Experiments on simulated image and real SAR one demonstrate that the improved MMSE filter proposed for speckle noise is superior both in noise reduction and in fine detail preserving.


Application-level caches are widely adopted by web applications to minimize the response time of user requests as well as to reduce the burden on the system backend, such as the database servers. In the state of practice, developers have to take care of the data freshness of application-level caches manually. Given the growing complexities of today's web applications, it becomes increasingly challenging for developers to understand, reason about, and implement cache invalidation methods. Furthermore, according to our survey of open-source web application projects and engineers, it is indeed challenging to map database updates with cache entries at the application level. Therefore, we propose a design to handle data validity in a transparent and precise manner, without requiring any intervention from developers. Its main idea is to modify the DBMS to provide necessary information for cache management and enhance the cache with an invalidation index to identify and invalidate outdated data automatically and efficiently. Based on the design, we further provide two specific solutions. Our preliminary experiments indicate that our solutions could effectively achieve transparent cache invalidation while maintaining cost-effectiveness.


This paper presents the laboratory development of a coal-water mixture patented by Dr. James E. Funk of Alfred University. The mixture characteristics are described, and the results of preliminary pumping and combustion tests are discussed. The development necessary to bring this technology to a utility demonstration is given and a schedule projected.


With the emergence of various types of indoor positioning technologies (e.g., radio-frequency identification, Wi-Fi, and iBeacon), how to rapidly retrieve indoor cells and moving objects has become a key factor that limits those indoor applications. Euclidean distance-based indexing techniques for outdoor moving objects cannot be used in indoor spaces due to the existence of indoor obstructions (e.g., walls). In addition, currently, the indexing of indoor moving objects is mainly based on space-related query and less frequently on semantic query. To address these two issues, the present study proposes a multi-floor adjacency cell and semantic-based index (MACSI). By integrating the indoor cellular space with the semantic space, the MACSI subdivides open cells (e.g., hallways and lobbies) using space syntax and optimizes the adjacency distances between three-dimensionally connected cells (e.g., elevators and stairs) based on the caloric cost that extends single floor indoor space to three dimensional indoor space. Moreover, based on the needs of semantic query, this study also proposes a multi-granularity indoor semantic hierarchy tree and establishes semantic trajectories. Extensive simulation and real-data experiments show that—compared with the indoor trajectories delta tree (ITD-tree) and the semantic-based index (SI)—the MACSI produces more reliable query results with significantly higher semantic query and update efficiencies; has superior semantic expansion capability; and supports multi-granularity complex semantic queries.


Mechanical flaws detection and damage severity quantification in aircraft's structures are ones among the major research axes that the aeronautic manufactures takes during theses lasts years. Our work in this field focuses on the development of a new damage diagnosis methodology based on the exploitation of specific guided wave propagation and on the capability of piezoelectric network actuators/sensors to generate/sense them. The proposed method allows a relative quick diagnosis using a smart comparison between a baseline captured before the commissioning of the plane and a damaged signal captured after N flight cycles. The major asset of this method is the capability to probe large structure within a minimum time and human interaction. This paper brings examples of feasibility on aircraft structures specimens made of composite and isotropic alloys. The feasibility of the system is therefore demonstrated using a basic sensors/actuators network.


carried out at slightly above atmospheric pressure, is to separate (fractionate) the feedstock (crude oil) into different products with characteristics aimed at satisfying the demands of the market for motor fuels (gasoline, kerosene and diesel), combustible fuels (LPG, kerosene, heating gas oil and fuel oil) and feedstocks for the petrochemical industry. The products obtained can be used as they are or, in the majority of instances, must be subjected to further processing in a refinery (isomerization, catalytic reforming, desulphuration, vacuum distillation, etc.) in order to make them usable as finished products. In addition to hydrogen and carbon, hetero-atoms such as sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen may be present in the molecules making up the crude oil, along with organometallic compounds containing iron, vanadium, nickel, sodium, arsenic, etc. Moreover, even though the crude oil may be treated at the wellhead to dehydrate and stabilize it, part of the reservoir water still remains in it; similarly, when transported by ship the crude oil can be 'polluted' by the residual water remaining in the tanks. This is generally water containing salts (chlorides) which can cause problems of corrosion in the subsequent operations of heating and condensation. Finally, the crude oil may contain dissolved gases (hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen, carbon dioxide) in different percentages depending on the type of crude oil and the effectiveness of the stabilization treatment carried out, as well as on the method adopted for transportation (via pipeline or ship) from the production site to the place of use. Therefore, in addition to the distillation-based fractionating operations, special treatment processes must be carried out: for example, desalination is carried out when it is necessary to remove water, salts and sediment present in the crude oils. The dissolved gases, such as hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, are separated by heating, while other gases (hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide), which can be produced as a result of the heating and decomposition, must be neutralized in the condensation phase by the addition of special additives, in order to avoid problems of corrosion. A crude-oil atmospheric-distillation (or topping) plant makes it possible to obtain distillates (made up of the overhead product and the side fractions) and the residue, by the physical separation of a mixture of homologous components. This separation, which makes use of the differing distributions of the components between the vapour and the liquid phases, takes place in stages operating in conditions close to equilibrium. A typical scheme for such a plant can be found in Fig. 1. The separation of the various fractions of the distillate is achieved by fractional condensation of the vapours of the distillate, which is an operation requiring heat removal. In the case of a distillation column (or still) this heat removal is carried out by means of a series of refluxes: external reflux, consisting of part of the condensed overhead product, and intermediate refluxes, consisting of liquid withdrawn from the column and, after cooling, returned to it at a point above that from which it was withdrawn. Intermediate refluxes are commonly called circulating refluxes or pumparound. The feed, coming from the storage tanks, is pumped to the heater, having been preheated with heat recovered, by means of a heat exchanger, from the overhead vapours, side fractions, intermediate refluxes and the atmospheric residue. After having been heated in the heater to the temperature required for the operating conditions, the feed is transferred to the flash zone of the atmospheric column by means of a transfer line, where the separation takes place into the vaporized fractions (equivalent to the total of the distillates) and the liquid residue.


An essay discussing the need for public school students and officials to know the limits of officials' authority over off-campus, online speech.


Using a sample of 174 inner-city urban high school students, this study examined the degree to which family and peer support would moderate the negative impact of exposure to violence on academic performance, symptoms of distress, and persistence intentions. Over 94% of the students reported having been exposed to at least one form of community violence at some point in their lives. Using hierarchical linear regression, the results indicated that family support provided a protective-stabilizing moderating effect between exposure to violence and symptoms of distress. Peer support was found to have a protective-stabilizing moderating effect between exposure to violence and persistence intentions. Although exposure to violence and persistence intentions were both related to grade point average, family and peer support were not found to moderate the impact of violence exposure and grades. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Carbon dioxide has become as one of the main greenhouse effect gases due to its long life span and enormous emission. In this paper,the emission amounts of carbon dioxide produced by energy consumption in Xinjiang during the period of 2003- 2011 were calculated using the methods based on the top-down first-order estimate in the IPCC( 2006). The results indicated that the carbon dioxide emission in Xinjiang was increased rapidly year by year due to the rapid emission increase of carbon dioxide produced by burning solid fuels,and the rapidly-increased carbon dioxide emission was mainly produced by the high energy-consuming industries,such as the chemical,electric power,steel and cement industries. Therefore,it is suggested to promote the development of low-carbon economy in Xinjiang,which includes the development of market access mechanism and carbon trading mechanism,optimization of industrial structure,improvement of energy efficiency,etc. based on the current situation of energy,economy and environment in Xinjiang.


We propose a new type of planar guide which can offer advantageous polarization characteristics. Consider an arrangement of sub-wavelength inclusions embedded within a host dielectric. These elements can alter the effective dielectric constant of the slab, and when contained within a fixed width for transmission line applications, a planar dielectric-based guide can be realized that allows for field confinement and power routing. Concepts are extended to new guide transitions. In particular, a 90° corner bend and a waveguide cross-over. These novel routing techniques, which exploit line anisotropy and integration and can offer enhanced data capacity with improved signal integrity, are also applicable to new planar antennas and other printed circuits.


Output power of the frequency-doubled and frequency is decreased rapidly with loss within the cavity in excess of about 1% per pass, relates to a surface-emitting extended cavity laser (VECSEL). Vertical extended cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) includes intracavity frequency doubling. Conventional frequency control element such as an etalon are those replaced with thin-film interference filter or volume Bragg grating. .The 16


Treatment of patients with tuberculosis with XDR combined with diabetes mellitus (DM) is difficult due to the more frequent development of neurotoxic unwanted adverse reactions (UAR) against the background of diabetic neuropathy. Objective: to assess the tolerability of the V chemotherapy regimen, including bedaquiline (Sirturo®) and linezolid (Zivox®) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with XDR combined with diabetes when prescribing thioctic acid (Thioctacid®) for the prevention and relief of UAR. 126 TB patients with XDR and type 2 DM were observed: main group 1G (n = 66 people) and comparison group 2G (n = 60 people). All patients received V chemotherapy regimen. In addition, Thioctacid® was prescribed to patients in 1G for 6 months; patients of 2G received standard treatment. Before treatment and after 4 months, all patients underwent standard clinical and laboratory examination, as well as the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured. The average level of HbA1c before the start of treatment in the studied patients was 9.5%, which exceeded the normal values. During treatment, only 7.6% patients of 1G had manifestations of UAR, whereas in 2G – 46.6%. After 6 months, HbA1c level in patients of 1G decreased to 6.3%, and in patients of 2G it remained at 9,8%. After 6 months of treatment in 90.9% of patients of 1G sputum abacilation was achieved. In 2G, bacterial excretion ceased only in 61.7% patients, p The use of Thioctacid® in the treatment of patients with tuberculosis with XDR reduces the incidence of undesirable side reactions, improves the tolerability of treatment, and increases its effectiveness.


In response to infection and inflammation, neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), web like structures composed of nuclear DNA associated with histones that may have both beneficial and deleterious effects. The formation of NETs alters the course of late-stage sepsis and the associated release of histones has been shown to contribute to many of the observed pathologic complications of sepsis. Histones are octamers comprised of two copies of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, each of which is highly positively charged. NET formation is dependent on chromatin decondensation mediated by the enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4). PAD4 potentiates chromatin decondensation by decreasing the overall positive charge of histones through citrullinating many of their lysines residues, forming Cit-histones, which have a decreased affinity for negatively charged DNA. Platelets also contribute to events in late sepsis by undergoing significant activation and degranulation. We propose that one way platelets may affect outcomes in late sepsis is through the release of large amounts of the highly positively charged chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4, CXCL4). After its release, we believe that PF4 can displace histones and cit-histones from cell free DNA, altering the composition of NETs. We chose to investigate whether PF4 might liberate cit-histones from NET fibers more effectively than non-citrullinated histones. We initially sought to examine the effect of PF4 on histone attachment to DNA. In a competitive binding assay, we found that PF4 binds to DNA with greater affinity than histones. Of note, cit-histones were approximately 5 times more easily displaced from DNA than non-cit-histones consistent with a model of decreased DNA affinity of cit-histones. Furthermore, using immunofluorescence studies and confocal microscopy, we showed that when NETs are generated in the presence of platelets, endogenous PF4 adheres readily to NET DNA. We have also demonstrated that exogenous PF4 avidly binds to NETs generated from neutrophils isolated with minimal platelet contamination. Based on the results of these experiments, we decided to investigate the interaction between PF4, NETs and histones in a novel microfluidic system that is designed to mimic intravascular flow conditions. We isolated neutrophils from fresh whole blood samples obtained from healthy human donors and stimulated them with TNFα to promote adherence to fibronectin coated microfluidic channels. After the neutrophils had firmly bound to the channels, we exposed them to NET stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and calcium ionophore and visualized NET formation. Extracellular DNA was detected using the cell membrane impermeable dye, SYTOX Green. After NET formation occurred, PF4 was flowed through the channels at 25-100 μg/mL, concentrations similar to those observed in terminal sepsis. Exposure to PF4 at these concentrations lead to the dissolution of NET fibers. Interestingly, although the residual NET fibers continued to stain positive for non-cit-histones, they no longer stained positive for cit-histones. In conclusion, cit-histones are present in NETs and may contribute to the pathobiology of late sepsis. We propose that cit-histones are competitively displaced from NETs by PF4. This may be due to their decreased relative affinity for DNA binding. These studies provide new insights into how histones are released from NET fibers into the circulation during sepsis. This information sheds new light on the interaction of chemokines and NETs and may lead to the identification of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of sepsis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The main contribution of this paper is an algorithm to solve the quantized consensus problem over networks represented by Hamiltonian graphs, i.e., graphs containing a Hamiltonian cycle. The algorithm is proved to converge almost surely to a finite set containing the optimal solution. A worst case study of the average convergence time is carried out, thus proving the efficiency of the algorithm with respect to other solutions recently presented in the literature. Moreover, the algorithm has a decentralized stop criterion once the convergence set is reached.


The surface energies of spin finishes adsorbed onto synthetic fibers are a major factor in determining the processing capabilities of these fibers. They also play a key role in determining how wettable the fibers are by other materials that may be applied to yarn or fabrics in later stages of processing, such as dyes, sizes, or anti-soiling agents. We have applied several homologous series of nonionic surfactants, which can be used as spin finish emulsifiers, to nylon 66 fibers and determined the polar, dispersion, and total surface energies of these adsorbed materials. We also propose a relationship between the measured surface energies and the calculated Hansen fractional solubility parameters.


In this work we propose a real-time implementation for efficient extraction of multi-viewpoint silhouettes using a single camera. The method is based on our previously presented proof-of-concept shadow multiplexing method. We replace the cameras of a typical multi-camera setup with colored light sources and capture the multiplexed shadows. Because we only use a single camera, our setup is much cheaper than a classical setup, no camera synchronization is required, and less data has to be captured and processed. In addition, silhouette extraction is simple as we are segmenting the shadows instead of the texture of objects and background. Demultiplexing runs at 40 fps on current graphics hardware. Therefore this technique is suitable for real-time applications such as collision detection. We evaluate our method on both a real and a virtual setup, and show that our technique works for a large variety of objects and materials.


Although previously overlooked, winter is now seen as a period of significant biological activity in the annual cycle of north‐temperate lakes. Research suggests a future of reduced ice cover duration and altered snow conditions could significantly change the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. This study seeks to explore the possible repercussions of changing ice and snow dynamics on aquatic biological communities, particularly at lower trophic levels. To explore plankton community responses to changing under‐ice light conditions, we performed a whole‐lake manipulation by removing all of the snow from the surface of a north temperate bog lake in northern Wisconsin. Over three winters, samples were collected under ice in the study lake, South Sparkling Bog. The first winter, 2018–2019, served as a reference year during which snow was not removed from the lake and was followed by two subsequent winters of snow removal during 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Data collected included phytoplankton and zooplankton abundances and taxa, chlorophyll a, dissolved organic carbon, light, Secchi depth, and ice and snow thickness. In our snow removal years, increased light availability in the water column shifted the phytoplankton community from low‐biomass, mixed community of potential mixotrophs, unicellular cyanobacteria and Chlorophytes to dominance by photoautotrophs, and rotifer zooplankton densities increased. Ice condition, specifically the thickness of white ice vs. black ice, was a major driver in the magnitude of change between years. This research improves our understanding of how plankton communities might respond to climate‐change driven shifts in winter dynamics for north temperate systems.


This study develops a Performance Management Framework (PMF) for social Pico-PV enterprises, enabling them to manage and improve their value chain performance.
We accomplished this by adapting the classical Balanced Scorecard (BSC) by Kaplan & Norton after selecting it from a shortlist of PMFs. In the adaptation process, the scorecard was filled with generic indicators and continuously reviewed and evaluated during five expert interviews. We found that a) strategically important social and environmental stakeholder groups are spread over the value chain and (b) they may all be of equal importance, thus may take a position as an 'end in themselves', as well as (c) the presence of conventional enterprises competing for the same customers. Consequently, a 'Vision Driver' sub-category was added next to the Performance Drivers described in the classical BSC. Eventually, a version of the framework was validated using a questionnaire answered by eight industry experts along with 22 generic KPIs.
The findings support the complementary value of the developed PMF as a management tool and show a strong need for better performance management, specifically in SMEs. Finally, we suggest to empirically test more harmonized sets of KPIs to move from a management to a measurement tool.


Background Executive functions along with on-task behaviour in the classroom relate to academic success. Examining the shared and non-shared variances in their relationships with academic achievement may lead to a better understanding of the contribution of executive functions to achievement and may uncover a mechanism to explain why they are so important for school success. Specifically, we investigated the extent to which executive functions and classroom behaviour offer different and similar perspectives on children's self-regulatory behaviour, and make unique contributions to academic achievement. Method Data were collected from 129 2nd grade students (M age = 7.93 years, SD = 0.5; 44.2% female). Participants were observed for 25 min during a 'business-as-usual' classroom lesson, following a momentary assessment protocol; we developed and used an openly available mobile application. Subsequently, participants completed an executive function task (Hearts and Flowers) in small groups on tablet computers. Teachers rated students' academic achievement in language and mathematics. Results We found unique contributions for on-task behaviour and executive functions to academic achievement in 2nd grade. Moreover, we found that 27–31% of the total effect of inhibition on language achievement was mediated through on-task behaviour. Conclusion We have shown that executive functions and on-task behaviour share variance in their relationship to academic achievement, as well as providing a unique perspective on children's self-regulatory behaviour. Thus, researchers might want consider the inclusion of both executive function tasks and ecologically valid measures such as the current, easy to apply behavioural observation in a naturalistic setting in their future work.


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT Statement of the problem: Chipping of veneering layer and delamination occurred frequently, so several techniques used to enhance bond strength between zirconia core and veneering material. Aim of the study: Evaluation of the effect of air abrasion/sintering order and number of veneer firing cycles on shear bond strength of veneering ceramic to zirconia core. Materials and Methods: Forty zirconia blocks were milled from pre sintered zirconia disc (CeramillZolidht+ white) and randomly divided into two main groups (n=20) according to airborne abrasion time whether before or after sintering of zirconia. Three specimens from each group were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine any phase transformation on zirconia surface. All zirconia specimens were veneered with IPS e.maxceram and furtherly divided into 4 subgroups (n=10) according to number of veneer firing cycles three or five. Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested using a universal testing machine. All specimens of each group were examined for failure mode analysis using an optical microscope. XRD test was done again to evaluate the effect of firing cycles on phase transformation of zirconia. Data were collected and analyzed with one-way and two-way ANOVA test. . at post sintering stage had a favorable effect on SBS of all specimens, but it is not recommended at pre sintering stage due to the remarkable decrease in SBS in all pre sintered groups. Increase the number of firing cycles from 3 to 5 had no effect on SBS.


The portable grounding system plays an important role in the lightning protection system of mobile equipments. But the traditional earth electrodes composed of vertical rods wouldn't work well or would take a long time to set up in some conditions such as frozen soil, hard clay and so on. In this paper, a new type of portable grounding system which can be quickly spread and folded has been designed. To analyze the TGR's (Transient Grounding Resistance) time-domain characteristics, the grounding systems have been modeled and simulated with FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain). The influence rule of electrodes' number and down-lead's position to TGR has been studied with numerical analysis and validated with experiments. The results show that the new grounding system works well even on cement floor.


This paper outlines the results of an archaeometallurgical study of the remains of a well-preserved late- to post-medieval foundry excavated in 2005 and 2008 in the north-west corner of Dubrovnik's historic centre. During this period Dubrovnik constituted the independent Republic of Ragusa, and was famed for its wealth and democracy. The building of the foundry, in the mid 15th century, marks a significant period of change and represents a phase where industrial activity within the city was beginning to flourish. Following a presentation of the excavated structures and their functional interpretation, we will focus on the results of a multi-technique analytical approach to materials such as crucibles, casting spillage and slag, which aimed to determine the processes that were taking place at the foundry and integrate these with historical research on the extensive trading sphere of the Republic. Results show the use of graphitic crucibles imported from Bavaria and sand casting to produce a range of objects in leaded tin bronze – but there is evidence that ferrous metallurgy also took place. The preliminary historical and analytical data suggest that the foundry was sourcing its supplies from Bavaria, Southern Italy and the Balkan hinterland. Evidence also suggests that the castings were exported across the Mediterranean. These results show the extensive commercial relationships that the Republic established, including one previously unknown relationship with Bavaria, and the extent to which it was importing raw materials and manufactured goods. This research has provided an interesting insight into a foundry operating during the late- to post medieval period. It complements and builds upon our understanding of the processes described by contemporary authors, and adds to our growing knowledge of the production and trade of crucibles, and sand-casting methods, in this period.


Abstract The soot formed in a coannular ethene diffusion flame was extracted by a thermophoretic sampling technique for examination by transmission electron microscopy. A detailed analysis of the particle statistics of the samples is presented. Primary particle diameters range from 10 to 40 nm and their spatial variation within the flame affords quantitative information on the specific soot surface growth and oxidation rates. The moment ratio of the aggregate volume-equivalent diameters (D63D30,) is found to be close to the values predicted for the self-preserving size distribution in either the continuum or free molecular limit. The fractal dimensions (1 62 and 1.74) for Iwo samples examined are in the range reported in other combustion related experiments as well as in computational simulations of particle growth when cluster-cluster aggregation is an important growth mechanism The primary particle diameters that have been reported by various investigators in a wide variety of flame environments are rev...


The correlation between soil enzyme activities and other soil properties was studied. The results of correlation analysis showed that soil organic C was correlated very highly significantly with urease activity (r=0.9384**), alkaline phosphatase activity (r=0.7854**), and protease activity (r=0.9105**), and the interrelationship between catalase, invertase activities and organic C content varied with fertilization and cropping patterns. The amount of fungi was significantly correlated with urease and protease activities, and the yield of winter wheat was significantly correlated with urease, alkaline phosphatase and protease activities except catalase. In this paper, the relationship between soil enzyme activities and nutrient factors and the effects of soil enzyme activities on soil nutrient content were analyzed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Path Analysis (PA). According to the results of PCA, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and protease activity could be a better index to evaluate soil fertility in dry land than catalase and invertase activity.


An increasing number of currencies is provided with an Optically Variable Device (OVD) as a counterfeit deterrent. The device is adhered to the substrate by a hot melt adhesive. Adherence is generally tested with an adhesive tape, a practical test that sufficed up to now. Nevertheless, the question may be raised if a method can be developed with a better discriminating power as well as a larger potential for standardization. A feasibility test with the IGT printability tester, using a high viscosity pick up oil, shows promising results. This paper presents the testing method, shows a few preliminary results and discusses these results with respect to the foil application method.


A new architecture for real-time MPEG-2 encoding/decoding is presented in this paper. This architecture is based on an array of TI MVPs. The main feature of this architecture is its programmability. The inherent parallelism of the MPEG-2 algorithm is investigated in order to map it to the processor array. An I/O algorithm for the major encoding function, motion estimation, is developed to demonstrate the possibility of overlapping processing and I/O.


The following manuscript starts from the revision about the professional knowledge of the primary school science teacher, which is evidenced in the presentations at the academic event of ABRAPEC (Associacao Brasileira de Pesquisa em Educacao em Ciencias) held in 2009, in order to analyze and give an account of the way in which some researchers in international contexts analyze and deal with this topic that is the motivation of the research project developed at Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas. In our project, we handle that issue taking into account two levels: the declarative level and the action level from which the following questions arise: What types of contents are privileged? How does the teacher determine the content he is going to teach? Where do these contents come from? What references are used? What are the criteria for validating the school knowledge? Such criteria are presented in this project, leading us to inquire about the research studies that deal with the knowledge of primary school science teachers from other countries.


Ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in the ocean for the biogeochemical cycling through photooxidation of colored dissolved organic matter and metals. It also influences the release of trace gases into the atmosphere. Understanding interaction and climate feedback mechanisms of these processes requires global long-term monitoring of UV radiation in the ocean. Ocean color sensors provide the diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling solar irradiance (Kd) as an estimate for the mean light penetration depth in the surface ocean. However, Kd products for the UV spectral range are currently only indirectly inferred from measurements in the visible spectral region. We exploit the UV and visible wavelengths of the TROPOMI sensor onboard Sentinel-5P to directly infer diffuse attenuation coefficients in the UV and blue spectral range. Our approach is based on Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy in combination with radiative transfer modeling which has been used in earlier studies to successfully derive Kd in the blue from the vibrational Raman scattering (VRS) signal. VRS was detected in the backscattered radiances of TROPOMI-like sensors at a spectral resolution around 0.5 nm. We adapt this method for the TROPOMI sensor and more spectral regions to obtain two novel Kd products in the UV range (312.5–338.5 nm and 356.5–390 nm), additionally to the blue Kd (390–423 nm). One month of TROPOMI data show high sensitivity to retrieve VRS (fit errors <15%). The resulting Kd values in the UV and blue agree reasonably (RMSD <0.31 m−1) with in-situ data measured during a transatlantic cruise. Kd-blue compared to wavelength-converted Kd(490) products from OLCI and OC-CCI shows that the differences between the three data sets are within uncertainties given for the OC-CCI product. TROPOMI Kd-blue results have higher quality and much higher spatial coverage and resolution than previous ones from SCIAMACHY, GOME-2, and OMI. Perspectively, global TROPOMI Kd products, once thoroughly validated, can be used as input for modeling, e.g., photochemical reaction rates of climatically important compounds and inhibition of primary productivity.


Consider a branching random walk with a mechanism of elimination. We assume that the underlying Galton-Watson process is supercritical, thus the branching random walk has a positive survival probability. A mechanism of elimination, which is called a barrier, is introduced to erase the particles who lie above $ ri+\varepsilon i^{\alpha} $ and all their descendants, where $ i $ presents the generation of the particles, $ \alpha > 1/3, \varepsilon\in{{\mathbb{R}}} $ and $ r $ is the asymptotic speed of the left-most position of the branching random walk. First we show that the particle system still has a positive survival probability after we introduce the barrier with $ \varepsilon > 0. $ Moreover, we show that the decay of the probability is faster than $ e^{-\beta'\varepsilon^{\beta}} $ as $ \varepsilon\downarrow 0 $, where $ \beta', \beta $ are two positive constants depending on the branching random walk and $ \alpha $. The result in the present paper extends a conclusion in Gantert et al. (2011) in some extent. Our proof also works for some time-inhomogeneous cases.


We have read the letter of Vincent Y. T. Cheung, and we will provide explanations for his questions below. Indeed, culdocentesis has been used as a diagnostic tool in patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy in the past to exclude other types of intra-abdominal hemorrhage with special uncoagulated blood based on the conditions of hospitals at that time according to Williams Obstetrics. Nowadays, we do not use this tool so much as sonography machines are more available and more advanced. Dr Cheung misunderstood our data on urine and serum hCG. Most of the ectopic pregnancies were emergencies, and urine or serum hCG were only taken from some patients before operations. For example, case A had urine hCG taken but no serum hCG, and case B had serum hCG taken but no urine hCG. So, when we collected the data before operation, only one type of hCG, either serum or urine, was available to make a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Normally, however, after an operation we would take serum hCG to confirm diagnosis and observe the patient's condition. The patients who underwent subtotal resection and hysterectomies were mostly uncontrolled corneal or cervical pregnancies. It depends on the patient's physical condition at that time and according to the textbook of Chinese Gynecology and Obstetrics. Especially in cervical pregnancies, it is hard to control bleeding. We rarely use subtotal resection and hysterectomies nowadays except when we cannot control the bleeding with other approaches and when the patient's condition is life-threatening. We did not count interstitial pregnancy as corneal pregnancy when we collected the data. We referred to interstitial pregnancy as fallopian pregnancy. Some authors seem to use these terms interchangeably but we did not. Cornual implantation describes those in the upper and lateral uterine cavity, whereas interstitial denotes those implanted within the proximal intramural portion of the tube. In closing, thank you for the attention and we hope that our explanation answers your questions.


A battery encapsulation method includes disposing an active battery layer on each of a plurality of battery substrates, with each battery substrate having a greater area than its corresponding active battery layer. The plurality of battery substrates are attached to an interposer having a greater area than an aggregate area of the plurality of battery substrates. The active battery layers are environmentally sealed by disposing a film over the active battery layers sized such that the film extends beyond the active battery layers to contact the battery substrates and the interposer. The interposer is physically along locations where the film contacts the interposer so as to form a plurality of battery units, with each battery unit including one of the battery substrates with the associated active battery layer disposed thereon and being environmentally sealed by the film.


Crystals of the title compound, C 15 H 10 O 2 , are monoclinic, space group P2 1 /c. The molecules are disordered around a centre of symmetry. Packing considerations and the calculation of the intermolecular interaction energies show that the disordered structure has occurred by random packing of structures with space groups P2 1 and Pc, the maximal subgroups of P2 1 /c.


Immediately before alpha feedback training, 13 Ss responded to a mood checklist and the Breskin Rigidity Test (measuring preference for perceptual closure). After 2 sessions of alpha training, retests showed significant increases in (a) production of alpha EEG waves, (b) scores for those moods which prior research had shown to be associated with alpha, (c) preference for closure.


As income grows, it creates complex problems. One of the difficulties experienced by leaders is in terms of supervision and control costs incurred. arise because the leadership cannot directly support the operation as a whole, transactions are increasingmany and varied. As a result of the problems faced by PT. Listen LIVEIndonesia, Management and Assets are required to improve financial managementnamely the improvement of the organizational structure which is realized by the delegation of authorities, duties, responsibilities to the responsibility center carried out through the budget. With a budget, the responsibility center will be able to be controlled and used as a correction to the objectives of PT. Listen LIFE Indonesia. Data collection procedures can be done by observation, interviews / interviews and Documentation. Data analysis is the process of systematically searching and compiling data that obtained from Data Reduction (Data Reduction), Data Display (Data Presentation), and Withdrawal of Conclusions (Verification). Based on the research conducted, it can be said that the application of accounting accountability with the budget as a cost control tool at PT. Listen LIVE Indonesia is still less effective. However, in general PT. HearLIFE Indonesia has met the requirements and characteristics of responsibility accounting which includes structure organization, budget, classification of controlled and uncontrollable costs, code classification, performance measurement standards and the existence of rewards and punishments has been applied. However, in the preparation of the budget there are still many costs that are not can be controlled so that revenue and profit targets do not reach the budget. This too will affect the manager's performance if the realization of costs is above the budget and profit earned under budget.


This contribution illustrates the preliminary results of the research activities carried out within the PhD in Information and Communication Technology for Health (ICTH) on the topic of Delivery Manager of Cognitive Computing for Neuroncology, at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies (DIETI) of the University of Naples "Federico II". Main goal of this research activity is the development of computational models based on Visual Recognition and Cognitive Computing algorithms for the analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) derived data in patients with brain neoplasm of unknown origin, in order to obtain a semi-supervised classification model which allows the timely identification of various brain tumors types, requiring therapeutic strategies and clinical-radiological monitoring different from each other. The final purpose of this research activity is to propose a cognitive computing-based support able to supplement information that can help the neuroradiologist in decision-making for daily clinical practice.


With the increasingly widespread use of credit Cards,especially the type of malicious overdraft of credit card fraud crime of fraud of the credit card is on the rise."By the issuing bank twice amount after more than three months without also"type of malicious overdraft credit card fraud in a lawsuit is a lot of controversy. Two collection is not necessarily the collection information is received by the cardholder to condition,also not necessarily take written form. For more than three months after filing fails to repay the overdraft,constitute the crime of fraud of the credit card,but using a false credit certification defraud of credit card overdraft is not,even if does not constitute a crime of fraud of the credit card,also can't penalties in crime of fraud of the investigated. Reference is not proof of identity,the crime of fraud of the credit card crime of fraud and is the concurrence of law relations. The paper dealt with the Song Mou a credit card fraud cases,the type of malicious overdraft credit card crime of fraud of the "two collection"and the related problems are discussed.