H-matrix is a widely used matrix.Two new different preconditioned AOR iterative methods for solving H-matrices linear systems were presented.The convergence theory of the two preconditioned AOR iterative methods were obtained.A numerical example was given to illustrate the theorems.


Cloud Computing is internet based computing provide computing services those are data, application, software and computing, these computing services are delivered to local devices through internet. To store and share personal and business information and access cloud computing enables multiple users. Insider means, users those who have valid authority on the cloud. Attackers are treated as remote users in the security perspective. If the attacker are not a remote users then that should be checked by the security systems. If a authorized user's access details are stolen by an attacker can enter and access the cloud as a valid user. Distinguishing the real data of user and the attacker data, for this decoy information technology are used in the field of cloud computing. For detection of abnormal access of information and validating whether data access then it confuses the attacker with bogus information.


The invention discloses an electrochemical preparation method of black phosphorus quantum dots. An electrochemical intercalation method is adopted for dissolving black phosphorus crystals in an organic solvent so as to obtain the black phosphorus quantum dots. According to the specific implementation method, firstly, the black phosphorus crystals are fixed to a metal bar through conducting resin to serve as a working electrode, a platinum electrode serves as a counter electrode, and the working electrode and the counter electrode are placed in the organic solvent containing electrolytes; and then, the working electrode is connected to a positive electrode of a direct-current power source, the counter electrode is connected to a negative electrode of the direct-current power source, the voltage within the set range is applied, ion electrolytes are migrated to the black phosphorus crystals, and an electrochemical intercalation reaction is made, so that the black phosphorus quantum dots fall off to the organic solvent from the black phosphorus crystals, and black phosphorus quantum dot dispersion liquid is obtained. The preparation method of the black phosphorus quantum dots has the beneficial effects of being low in cost, capable of carrying out large-scale preparing, high in efficiency and short in production period.


A relatively simple model, using Baker parameters, is described and applied to flow-regime data generated by high speed photography of two-phase steam flow. The experiments were conducted at the Geothermal Test Facility (GTF) at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Although results depend somewhat on the personal judgment and interpretation of the observer, the model was found to give a reasonable prediction of the flow regime for the flow ranges available in 1- and 2-in.-diam pipes.


The present invention relates to a high-speed bipolar transistor and as it relates to a process for the preparation, more specifically, the pair in the polycrystalline silicon and the double side walls each consisting of an insulating material is formed on a polar transistor and a method of manufacturing the same. N A first insulating layer, a P By implanting an impurity of P-type in the epitaxial layer exposed through the polycrystalline silicon side wall, and then, was laminated an insulating material, and etching the polycrystalline silicon layer covering the base, and the polycrystalline silicon side wall forms an insulating side wall to expose the epitaxial layer. The second insulation made of the collector contact window by etching the layers, and then, N The emitter of the last polysilicon layer, the polysilicon side wall via a diffusion process to ensure that the impurities diffuse into the epitaxial layer to form the emitter region and the base region. In this way, in the present invention down to the base polysilicon layer may form the first insulating layer to leave only the polysilicon sidewalls to ensure that only the impurities are diffused into the epitaxial layer is short and low junction capacitance length from the base region.


P hotonic crystals are materials in which the permittivity is periodically modulated on the scale of the optical wavelength, giving rise to a deep modification of the spectral optical response. The addition of a magnetic component into these structures, the so-called magnetophotonic crystals (MPCs), has two main interesting effects. On one hand, it breaks time inversion symmetry, allowing nonreciprocal effects in light propagation. On the other hand, light is slowed at frequencies of the photonic band edges, strongly increasing the light-matter interaction and enhancing the magneto-optical response. The possibility of controlling the light propagation and modifying the magneto-optical spectral response by judicious material design makes the MPCs a very suitable platform for the development of a new generation of fast and compact isolators for optical data transmission and integrated optics. Along this line it has been demonstrated that themagneto-optical responseofone(1D) and two-dimensional (2D)MPCs is significantly enhanced at band edge frequencies. This remarkable result has prompted the investigation of 3D-MPCs inwhich the periodicity in the three directions could lead to a complete photonic bandgap in the optical region, with anadded functionality.Nevertheless, the achievement of high-quality 3D-MPCs is much more complex and, therefore, the attainment of an optimal (magneto-) optical response; comparable at least to that of 1D-MPCs; remains a challenging issue. Early reports on themagneto-optical characterizationof 3DMPCs has revealed some features around the photonic crystal stop-band that have been interpreted generally as a moderate increase of the magneto-optical activity around those frequencies. However, little attention has beenpaid to theeventualoccurrenceofoptical activity in 3D-MPC opals due to their structure and its relevance with respect to the intrinsic magneto-optical properties. Promising results were earlier reported on 3D photonic crystals impregnatedwithaFaraday-active transparent liquid. Here we present the magnetophotonic response of 3D opals infiltrated with Ni nanoparticles. By exploiting newly developed methodologies to disentangle their intrinsic magneto-optical response from other sources of optical activity, we find a strong modification of the spectral response especially prominent near the photonic band edges.


As salt-affected soils (SAS) are widespread in Hungary, several classification schemes have been proposed for them during the last centuries. These soils are inherently related to soil salinity/sodicity/alkalinity and the consequential hydrophysical properties of the soil; therefore, they present severe abiotic stress for plants and animals. Based on the approach of the assessment of the soil, such as ecological conditions, need of reclamation, afforestation, etc, there are several concepts for the classification of SAS. Historically, the following schemes were used for SAS classification in Hungary: geomorphological; plant sociologic; based on the values of salt/soda concentration for direct soil utilization; for the purpose of afforestation; for the reclamation; soil genetic ones based on general chemical principles; soil genetic classification based on profile characteristics (current "official" classification). Several classification schemes are still in use. Elements of four classification schemes can be found in the current system used to denote SAS in Hungary. Meanwhile, from the currently used major world classification schemes none have been spread so far in the country, because the "official" Hungarian genetic soil classification system meets the requirements of the users of SAS. The categories of FAO-UNESCO schemes (including the WRB) seem to be easy-to-apply to the SAS in Hungary, and most of them would fall into few clearly understandable categories. On the other hand, the Hungarian SAS would fall into many categories of the SOIL TAXONOMY. The future of the classification of SAS in Hungary is forecasted as evolving parallel to the development of that in neighbouring countries, which have large areas of similar SAS. It would evidently lead to keeping the same soil types as used at present as classification units, but with the addition of quantitative, unambiguous diagnostic properties based on laboratory and field data.


During the past decade, the Hollywood studios have broadly sought to subdue, rather than explore, the technological possibilities of the Internet. Specifically, the studios have used their ownership of creative works to control the speed and direction of innovation in an emerging digitally networked social and economic environment, which is built upon the Internet and an ecology of hardware and software technologies. In this paper, I use a relational perspective to examine two critical aspects of this case study. The first concerns the cognitive and discursive dimensions of firm strategy. The second concerns the formation and enactment of firm strategy within networks of social relations. The argument is therefore twofold. On the one hand, I argue that the Hollywood studios are seeking to create a "closed" sphere of innovation on a global scale, which enables the absolute defence of property rights. However, this has alienated a broad spectrum of new creative freedoms, causing a "bifurcation" of the networked environment. On the other hand, I argue that this strategic response must be understood in relational terms. The closed sphere has been legitimated, enacted and performed within relational networks at a regional scale in Los Angeles. The paper is based on unprecedented access to the Hollywood studios, combined with interviews across the media, entertainment and technology industries. The overall goal of the paper is to construct an "economic geography" of disruptive innovation under conditions of oligopoly.


The states of the Azov-Black sea basin make an active usage of different transboundary resources, first of all, natural, spatial and anthropogenic for personal use that mostly come into collision with the global purposes of the steady region development. Rather unsteady environment is being formed in the given region when the interference of the inner and outer negative factors of social, economic, anthropogenic political and ecological development occurs. All that leads to the formation of the complex problems demanding urgent solution. For the benefit of the production of recommendations for the effective realization of the state policy of transboundary natural management and finding out strong and weak points, opportunities and threats the SWOT analysis of the factors influencing the realization of the transboundary natural management policy in the Azov – Black sea basin has been performed. Currently the determining role in the formation and realization of transboundary natural management policy is being played by the political factors including geopolitical unsteadiness, absence of agreement in decisions taking and unpredictability of the tendency of international sanctions establishment. In this case on the one hand environmental policy is a "victim" of the political ambitions of the states of the region, on the other hand – it is able to act as consolidating factor for the countries realizing the necessity of solving the problem of the steady natural management facing the common ecologic threats.


This article aims to decentralize the dominant temporalities of the colonial era with reference to an ephemeral fragment of precolonial music from Uganda. The article outlines two overarching temporal frameworks—unilinear developmentalism and cultural relativism—as the fundamental global antinomies of colonial governance. By examining inherent pattern formation and beat entrainment in amadinda music, the article directs its findings to the general question of meter and rhythm in music and, by extension, the dialectics of colonial time itself. Instead of relativizing or provincializing this concept of time—a refinement of its historical critique—the article gestures toward recentralizing universal standards along more equitable and inclusive lines.


A 35 GHz FET oscillator stabilized with a dielectric resonator has achieved a single sideband noise-to-carrier ratio of -87 dBc/Hz at fm = 25 kHz, external Q /spl cong/ 3000, and frequency stability of 1 ppm/°C. Using this oscillator as the LO, a compact MIC Ka-band receiver was also developed.


Separation Theorems of Rode Type and their Applications Kazimierz Nikodem (Bielsko–Bia la) Zsolt Pales (Debrecen)∗ Szymon Wasowicz (Bielsko–Bia la) Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Lodź, Branch in Bielsko–Bia la, ul. Willowa 2, Pl 43-309 Bielsko–Bia la, Poland e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Institute of Mathematics, L. Kossuth University, H–4010 Debrecen, Pf. 12, Hungary e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Lodź, Branch in Bielsko–Bia la, ul. Willowa 2, Pl 43-309 Bielsko–Bia la, Poland e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Sufficient and necessary conditions under which two given functions can be separated by a Π–affine in Rode sense (Π–convex, Π–concave) function are presented. As special cases several old and new separation theorems are obtained.Sufficient and necessary conditions under which two given functions can be separated by a Π–affine in Rode sense (Π–convex, Π–concave) function are presented. As special cases several old and new separation theorems are obtained.


Industry business clusters are regarded as geographic concentration of companies which are interconnected through a buyer-supplier chain. Business Cluster analysis provides a clear picture of the regional and national economy by indicating the industry clusters that are growing in importance, emerging and declining. Inevitably analysis of industry business clusters is a starting point in constructing economic development strategies. Moreover, Economic development strategies implemented for industry clusters will have additional effect on regional/national growth in comparison to ones intended for individual industries. This study measured the performance of industry clusters of Bratislava region, Western region, Central region and Eastern region of Slovak republic. The primary objective of this study was to assess regional competitiveness in attracting and retaining industry clusters.


1 Human skin mast cells, unlike other human mast cells so far studied, released histamine in a concentration‐related manner in response to substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and somatostatin (1 μM to 30 μM). In contrast, eledoisin, physalaemin, neurokinin A, neurokinin B, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), neurotensin, bradykinin and Lys‐bradykinin induced negligible histamine release. 2 The low histamine releasing activity of physalaemin, eledoisin, neurokinin A and neurokinin B relative to substance P suggests that the human skin mast cell activation site is distinct from the tachykinin NK‐1, NK‐2 or NK‐3 receptors described in smooth muscle. 3 The relative potencies of substance P and its fragments SP2–11, SP3–11, SP4–11 and SP1–4 in releasing histamine from human skin mast cells suggests that both the basic N‐terminal amino acids and the lipophilic C‐terminal portion of substance P are essential for activity. 4 Peptide‐induced histamine release, like that induced by compound 48/80, morphine and poly‐L‐lysine, is rapid, reaching completion in 10–20 s, is largely independent of extracellular calcium but requires intact glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. 5 The substance P analogue, [D‐Pro4, D‐Trp7,9,10] SP4–11 (SPA), not only reduced substance P‐induced histamine release in a concentration‐related manner but also inhibited that induced by VIP, somatostatin, compound 48/80, poly‐L‐lysine and morphine but not anti‐IgE. 6 The similar characteristics of histamine release induced by substance P, VIP, somatostatin, compound 48/80, poly‐L‐lysine and morphine suggest that they share a common pathway of activation‐secretion coupling distinct from that of IgE‐dependent activation. Furthermore, the ability of human skin mast cells to respond to basic non‐immunological stimuli including neuropeptides may reflect a specialised function for these cells.


The present study measured physical properties of lentil and wild oat weed; mass of 1000 seeds, true density, porosity and coefficient of static friction. A gravity table separator was used to separate wild oat weeds from lentil seeds. The gravity table separator had five adjustable parameters; longitudinal slope, latitudinal slope, amplitude of oscillation, frequency of oscillation and air velocity. The effect of these parameters was investigated in order to maximize the separation of wild oat weed from lentil. Results of tests indicated that an increase in latitudinal slope of the table from 0.5° to 1° and longitudinal slope from 1.5° to 2° resulted in increased separation of wild oat weed from lentil. At longitudinal slope of 2°, latitudinal slope of 1°, amplitude of oscillation of 5 mm, frequency of oscillation of 400 cycles min-1, and air velocity of 5.7 m s-1, the separation percentage was 37%. Finally, after determination of the most suitable settings for amplitude of oscillation and air velocity; using the information on longitudinal slope, latitudinal slope and frequency of oscillation of the table was used to calculate mathematical relations of separation percentage of wild oat weed from lentil clumps using Datafit Software.


Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is The most Universal disease of over forty-five year-old man. High-Power Green light(peak value power 240w,average power 80w,wavelength 532nm)develop success and apply to prostatectomy,enable operation obtain further develop and improve. Photoselective vaporization of the prostate become tiny hit surgery of the best results at present.


. We provide a Laakso construction to prove that the property of having an equivalent norm with the property ( β ) of Rolewicz is qualitatively preserved via surjective uniform quotient mappings between separable Banach spaces. On the other hand, we show that the ( β )-modulus is not quantita- tively preserved via such a map by exhibiting two uniformly homeomorphic Banach spaces that do not have ( β )-moduli of the same power type even under renorming.


Computational techniques for the simulation of stress‐adaptive bone‐remodelling have been developed and applied for the analysis of the bio‐mechanical compatibility of hip‐joint endoprosthesis. Numerical simulations are in good agreement with clinical observations and enable parameter studies for the development of optimized prosthesis designs. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Recently, steganography has played an important part in the field of communication, especially in image steganography. The major points of image steganography are the image quality (imperceptibility) of the stego image and the security of the system towards stopping the recoverability of the secret data. Several digital image steganography methods has been introduced, all are focused based payload and image quality. Moreover, there is a trade-off amidst these two metrics and saving a better balance amidst them is yet a challenging case. Therefore, previous methods fail to realize a high security level because to direct embedding secret information inside image without cryptography consideration, making information extraction relatively simple for adversaries. So, a new steganography scheme based on two control random parameters and new encryption method based on three parameters can address the security challenge while new stego key-LSB substitution, SK-LSB can ensure the imperceptibility of the stego image. The objectives of paper to increase the security and PSNR of the stego image. The Hyper technique has been used to compress the secret information prior to embedding, this will also ensure an increase in the payload capacity. The proposed scheme takes effect after compressing and encrypting the secret information. This algorithm is provide different layers of security worked together to augment protection from attacks. The experimental results shows the efficient scheme from PSNR, SSIM and payload for evaluating the stego image compared to the existing methods.


Many parts of marine structures are constituted of thin shell components, which by way of structural design or due to functional requirements may possess a negative Gaussian curvature. The load resisting mechanism of such shells are expectedly different from shells with positive Gaussian curvatures, and this aspect is studied in this research using the circular hyperbolic shell as a typical example. The Thin shell is defined here in the monoclinically convected coordinate system and considered to be subjected to a uniform follower load. The numerical accuracy and practical significance of all the theoretical formulations have already been substantiated through various simulations. In the simultaneous equations governing the equilibrium of shells, the presence of terms related to curvatures and their consequential factors create the distinctive aspect of 'Form Effect', which would obviously be rendered more complicated by a negative Gaussian curvature. The resisting mechanisms of zero and positive Gaussian curvature shells have been examined earlier in detail through a similar study using the partial cylindrical and spherical shells. The present paper elaborates on the initial resisting mechanisms of circular hyperbolic shells by studying the share of different component terms associated with the extensional and bending stiffness factors, separately and in various details, to draw out an overall picture of the total load resisting equilibrium picture. All the possible combinations of circular hyperbolic curvatures are analyzed in a schematic division using a simultaneous measure based on the curvature invariants of shells. Compatible curvature ranges of hyperbolic shells are compared with the partial cylindrical and spherical shells to bring out some clear distinctions between the resisting mechanisms of each. These results are believed to be helpful in understanding the resisting mechanisms of hyperbolic shells in a clear perspective of both qualitative and quantitative terms, which would serve as a guideline for design and analysis.


This paper analyzes Zhang Jian's motive for initiating charities in N antong.It puts forward that Zhang Jian's motive has changed from the duties of gentlemen to voluntary behavior based on autonomy.And the meeting between Zhan g Jian and Timothy Richard,the priest,plays an important role.


This paper reports a unique stage IV complex ovarian carcinosarcoma in a 69-year patient that had malignant mixed müllerian epithelial and mesenchymal components and also other malignant differentiation such as neuroectodermal (small cell, neuroendocrine, neuroglial, neuronal, and melanocytic) and endodermal (yolk sac tumor) tissues and trophoblastic cells. As its phenotype comprised elements derived embryologically from the 3 germ layers, it posed the problem of differentiating it from a teratoma originated from germ cells, with which it shared a trilaminar type differentiation. It was different from a teratoma as it coexisted with, and possibly originated from, a somatic tumor, namely a characteristic endometrioid adenocarcinoma. All neoplastic tissue patterns present in the neoplasm were malignant per se without an apparent gradient of maturation or presence of organoid structures.


Abstract Temperature distributions in the chip, workpiece and tool during orthogonal machining were calculated numerically by the finite element method. The solution of the problem takes into account the thermal properties of the machined workpiece and the tool materials, which are the function of temperature. The effects of different flank wear under different cutting speeds on the temperature distributions of the machined workpiece were analyzed. It also provided an assumption for measuring the frictional force and the normal force on the flank face. The assumption was verified by experimental data.


If Jack is taller than Jill, there is scale in which entities are ordered by height and which has a segment running from Jack down to Jill. Call that a directed scale-segment. A comparative characterizes a directed scale segment by describing the two ends, the type of scale and optionally the length of the segment. This paper explores the possibility of isolating these descriptions in distinct expressions in the clause tied together by quantification over directed scale segments. Data from Hindi and Navajo are used to motivate this arrangement and then to probe its limits. The resulting discussion is an argument for cross linguistic diversity in the semantics of comparatives.


In advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous driving, reliable environment perception and object tracking based on radar is fundamental. High-resolution radar sensors often provide multiple measurements per object. Since in this case traditional point tracking algorithms are not applicable any more, novel approaches for extended object tracking emerged in the last few years. However, they are primarily designed for lidar applications or omit the additional Doppler information of radars. Classical radar based tracking methods using the Doppler information are mostly designed for point tracking of parallel traffic. The measurement model presented in this paper is developed to track vehicles of approximately rectangular shape in arbitrary traffic scenarios including parallel and cross traffic. In addition to the kinematic state, it allows to determine and track the geometric state of the object. Using the Doppler information is an important component in the model. Furthermore, it neither requires measurement preprocessing, data clustering, nor explicit data association. For object tracking, a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF) adapted to the measurement model is presented.


On-demand software distribution & retail e-commerce is one of the key growth strategies for software manufacturers to significantly enhance online revenues & increase market share. The online store(s) presents unlimited opportunity for expansion - across the globe - to reach-out to the end consumers directly which fuels revenue & customer growth. The cloud computing technology brings fundamental capabilities in terms of promising quality-of-service: scalability, availability, reliability, storage & performance - these qualities are essential to mitigate the risks of running online software distribution & e-commerce business. The cloud computing technology also brings flexible pricing, services and business models to significantly reduce the overall cost and more importantly – reduce liabilities of such online software distribution & e-commerce operations. In this paper, we will discuss the case for cloud computing technology to transform the business of software distribution & related ecommerce through highly scalable online stores integrated with marketing & promotions strategy.


A method of index measurement, the so-called rn-line technique has been applied to measure the refractive index of planar waveguides fabricated by ion exchange method in BK7 substrate. By placing a prism coupler on the surface of the planar waveguide, the coupling angle of modes guided in the waveguide was measured. The prism has apex angle of 44.9° and is made of ZnSe with refractive index 2.59073 . The values of the coupling angles were then processed mathematically to obtain the effective indices of the guided modes. The number of modes guided in the waveguide depends on the duration of ion exchange process, and the effective refractive indices have been determined for the respective modes. The result for zero order mode, ranging from 1.5183 to 1.6887 for TM modes and from 1.5182 to 1.6891 for TE modes. On the other hand,for the duration of ion exchange process of 48 hours, five modes were guided in the waveguide and the effective refractive indices were 1.6887; 1.6167; 1.5818; 1.5649 and 1.5465 for zeroth, the first, the second, the third and the fourth modes, respectively. The use of the rn-line technique has been proved to be simple and effective with high accuracy in the characterization purpose of waveguides.


In this paper, we present a tracking failure detection method by imitating human visual system. By adopting log-polar transformation, we could simulate properties of retina image, such as rotation and scaling invariance and foveal predominance. The rotation and scaling invariance helps to reduce false alarms caused by pose changes and intensify translational changes. Foveal predominant property helps to detect the tracking failing moment by amplifying the resolution around focus (tracking box center) and blurring the peripheries. Each ganglion cell corresponds to a pixel of log-polar image, and its adaptation is modeled as Gaussian mixture model. Its validity is shown through various experiments.


This report is a handbook for locating detectors for advanced traffic control strategies. A discussion of criteria is presented and procedures for locating detectors to provide required surveillance data are described. The procedures relate to locating detectors at critical intersections, assessing which link in the network requires detectorization, and locating detectors within the link. Both latitudinal and longitudinal placement within the link are discussed. The procedures were developed as part of the continuing research for the Urban Traffic Control System/Bus Priority System (UTCS/BPS), in Washington, D.C., but are applicable to the more general detector locating studies for traffic control systems. This handbook is a supplement to the Final Report for the detector locating project. The final report includes the study procedures and results for the UTCS/BPS network. The final report volume is FHWA No. 75-92. /FHWA/


This book addresses the long-standing question for medievalists of why French and Occitan literature of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries constructs heterosexual love in part as what modern readers would now term tragic and doomed passion, and why this particular idea of love has proved so enduring in modern culture. Simon Gaunt's book is, therefore, covering familiar territory, and he places his study in the tradition of Denis de Rougemont's as well as Jacques Lacan's proposals to read courtly love as a constitutive element in Western culture, with the caveat that he is a specialist in medieval literature, rather than a cultural historian. Gaunt's approach to his study is to examine canonical texts of courtly love, troubadour lyrics, Marie de France, the various narratives of Tristan and Lancelot, and the 'eaten heart' narratives, in the light of a combination of modern critical theories, most frequently the work of Lacan and Derrida. Gaunt opens his study with the question, 'Do courtly lovers make love into a religion?' (p. 3) and suggests that love-as-religion, this tired cliché of former scholarship, has been reassessed in the light of theory-driven approaches to medieval literature. He prefers to treat a dual issue, the first being the secular concept of love as martire (martyrdom or suffering), and secondly the notion, derived from religious ideology as well as a combination of Lacan and Derrida, of love as sacrifice. Both are identified as the possibility of constructing an ethical subject in a non-religious space. The first two chapters study the depiction of the troubadour's lady in the poems of Bernart de Ventadorn and three successors, tracing the slippage from Bernart's association of desire with death, to a construction of the lady as a temporal sovereign capable of mercy (the latter chapter includes a persuasive application to this material of Agamben's writings on biopolitics). Chapters three and four offer, respectively, a brisk reading of the narratives of the Chastelaine de Vergy and the Chastelain de Couci in terms of Bataille's idea of sacrifice as spectacle, and of the Charrette and Cligés as anti-Tristan narratives. Chapters five and six are in my view the strongest in this book. First, Gaunt explores the possibility that dying for love is a gendered concept by looking critically at the deaths and near-misses of a succession of heroines, from Iseut to the Demoiselle d'Escalot. Chapter six pursues this line with incisive readings of Narcissus narratives, and the queer death-for-love of Galehaut in the Prose Lancelot. This is strictly a literary study, and anyone seeking a description of the complex religious or cultural contexts for medieval notions of love, religion or indeed ethics should look elsewhere. The result is a well-balanced, focused and challenging book that should prove an accessible source of close textual readings for medievalists, and of thoughtprovoking interpretations of 'courtly love' literature to a broad spectrum of readers.


The water chemistry, chlorophyll a and zooplankton diversity at a Mariculture site in the Lagos lagoon was investigated for 34 consecutive weeks (November, 2010 and June, 2011). Weekly variations in the physical and water chemistry parameters were more "brackish" in the dry season and "fresher" in the wet season, and linked with the tidal sea water incursion and flood water inputs from rainfall due to seasonal changes. For instance, the Salinity was low (0.11‰) at the beginning of the study and increased considerably into the dry season (20.4‰). Chlorophyll a values ranged between 3.2 and 13.2 μg/L, with a mean of 8.6 and standard deviation of ± 2.90. Chlorophyll a concentration were negatively correlated with nutrients (Nitrate r = -0.46, Sulphate r = -0.56, Phosphate r = -0.36), Rainfall r = -0.56, salinity r = -0.24 and pH r = -0.31. On the other hand, positive correlation was recorded with Water temperature r = 0.35, Silica r = 0.18, Biological oxygen demand r = 0.36 and Chemical oxygen demand r = 0.44. The Zooplankton biomass in terms of number of individuals were higher in the dry (weeks) season when Salinity values were higher. The Zooplankton spectrum consisted of two Phyla and eight juvenile stages. Whereas the Phylum Arthropoda recorded 57%, the Phylum Cnidaria reported 19%. The juvenile stages (24%) comprise of the Nauplii larva of Barnacle, Annelids and Bivalve larvae, Fish and Copepod eggs, Gastropod Zoea and Megalopa larva. The prevalent holoplankton species were Acartia clausii, Acartia discaudata, Cyclopina longicornis, Paracalanus parvus, Oithona rigida, and an unidentified Jelly Fish.


Included within the folios of a seventeenth-century "commonplace book" manuscript held at the Folger Shakespeare Library, tucked between, on one side, a 98-item book list and excerpts copied from St. Augustine's City of God, and on the other, a gathering of apothegms and a tract on "How that the Law of the Gospell is more perfect than all other lawes," is a mini-bestiary.1 The keeper of the commonplace book, Lady Anne Southwell of Cornworthy (England), frames the bestiary entries as outtakes from The History of Four-Footed Beasts and Serpents, a translation made by Edward Topsell, of Conrad Gesner's Historia Animalium, the most widely read encyclopedia of animals during the Renaissance (Ashworth 17; Ogilvie 38). Her mini-bestiary, together with her reflections on it, runs a little more than 500 words, and includes details drawn from a dozen of Topsell's 94 entries: the Manticora, the Lamia, the Turtle, the Rhinoceros, the Beaver, the Ape, the Bison, the Buffe (an elklike mammal), the Dromedary (a kind of camel), the Cat, and the Colus (a snail). Southwell's bestiary, its source, and her commonplace book itself all warrant further attention from scholars of rhetoric's histories, especially those interested in natural history, manuscript culture, women and rhetoric, rhetorical invention in the Renaissance, and of course the ever-compelling genre of commonplace books.2 But Lady Anne's bestiary may have another illuminating capacity, inscribed as it was at the dawn of the Anthropocene Epoch.3 Viewed in this way, at the close of this rhetorical bestiary assembled four centuries later, and with the Anthropocene


Abstract : This work summarizes the efforts in identifying the fundamental noise limit in semiconductor optical sources (lasers) to determine the source of 1/F noise and it's associated behavior. In addition, the study also addresses the effects of this 1/F noise on RF phased arrays. The study showed that the 1/F noise in semiconductor lasers has an ultimate physical limit based upon similar factors to fundamental noise generated in other semiconductor and solid state devices. The study also showed that both additive and multiplicative noise can be a significant detriment to the performance of RF phased arrays especially in regard to very low sidelobe performance and ultimate beam steering accuracy. The final result is that a noise power related term must be included in a complete analysis of the noise spectrum of any semiconductor device including semiconductor lasers.


We theoretically study a weakly interacting gas of spin-1 atoms with Bose–Einstein condensate in external magnetic field within the Bogoliubov approach. To this end, in contrast to previous studies, we employ the general Hamiltonian, which includes both spin and quadrupole exchange interactions as well as the couplings of the spin and quadrupole moment with the external magnetic field (the linear and quadratic Zeeman terms). The latter is responsible for the emergence of the broken-axisymmetry state. We also reexamine ferromagnetic, quadrupolar, and paramagnetic states employing the proposed Hamiltonian. For all magnetic states, we find the relevant thermodynamic characteristics such as magnetization, quadrupole moment, thermodynamic potential. We also obtain three-branch excitation spectrum of the broken-axisymmetry state. We show that this state can be prepared at three different regimes of applied magnetic field. Finally, we present the magnetic state diagrams for each regime of realizing the broken-axisymmetry state.


The invention relates to a dynamic sole pressure test insole with a multilayer sensing core structure, which comprises an insole, a signal conditioning unit, a data acquisition unit and a signal display unit, wherein a sensing core structural film sensor unit is embedded into the insole; the sensing core structural film sensor unit is formed by vertically overlapping at least two layers of polyvinylidene fluoride films, and a hard synthetic material film is embedded between contact faces of the sensing core structural film sensor unit and the insole; and the sensing core structural film sensor unit in the insole is connected with the signal conditioning unit, the data acquisition unit and the signal display unit which are sequentially connected in series. The signal-to-noise ratio of a PVDF piezoelectric film sensor and the corresponding lag quality of the test insole on dynamic signals are improved by adopting the multilayer sensing core structure and the design of the spaced material films; and the test insole can be put into various daily worn shoes to perform test, and can provide the basis for biomechanical analysis of human gait and comfort evaluation of shoes.


METHODS: Pilot study of a novel low fidelity TVH trainer. A complete vaginal hysterectomy trainer was modified from previously published models to include vulva (for operating in confined space) and more realistic-feeling materials. Items used included: "pelvic base"flower pot and board; "vulva"pink foam cowboy hat; uterine insert (suspended within pelvic base) composed of "uterus"pool noodle, "uterosacral ligaments"elastic bands, "round ligament and fallopian tubes"-long balloons, "ovaries"round balloons, "vessels and ureters"-pipe cleaners, and "peritoneum"Press'n Seal. Residents rated confidence in performing TVH, preand postsimulation with trainer.


Abstract : The first measurements of the surface rate of movement of glaciers were made 200 years ago. Extensive data on the movement of glaciers have now been collected on a planetary scale, but in the overwhelming majority of cases it characterizes with sufficient accuracy only the surface rates for different parts of glaciers. In determining the rate of ice movement within a glacier when studying the electric field created by an electrode in a borehole it is recommended that the potential gradient be measured, since this is most sensitive to field change. Since the conductivity of an electrode lowered into the ice exceeds by many times the conductivity of the surrounding rock-ice medium, the field will be created for the most part by the electrode itself and the potential gradient can be computed using a formula proposed. (Author)


Isoniazid reacted with ethylacetoacetate in absolute ethanol to give 2-isonicotinoyl-5-methyl-2,4- dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (1), which upon condensation with various aldehydes (2a-d) afforded the related arylidene derivatives (3a-d). 1-Isonicotinoyl-3-methyl-4-(4-substitutedphenyl)-3a,4- dihydropyrazolo(3,4-c)pyrazoles (4a-d) were obtained as the result of cyclocondensation reaction between 3a-d and hydrazine hydrate. Subsequently compounds 4a-d were converted to corresponding 2-N-ethoxyphthalimido-6-isonicotinoyl-4-methyl-3-(4-substituted phenyl)-3,3a- dihydro pyrazolo(3,4-c)pyrazoles 6a-d by the treatment with phthalimidoxyethyl bromide (5). Structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated by means of IR, 1 H NMR and mass spectral data. Final compounds were screened for four biological activities namely "antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer".


This paper presents a comprehensive parametric study of an inductively coupled CPW fed slot dipole antenna on GaAs substrate for MMIC applications. The study includes return loss, impedance bandwidth, broadside gain, radiation pattern and front to back (F/B) ratio. It is observed that for given slot dimensions, the feed inset tremendously changes both resonant frequency and input match. Calculated and measured RL and gain patterns are compared at 24 GHz ISM band. The manufactured antenna resonates at 22.4 GHz with a 6.1% impedance bandwidth and an 84/spl deg/ 3 dB beamwidth in H-plane.


Efficient algorithms for checking consistency of a set of spatial constraints among spatiotemporal objects are crucial for many practical application systems needing real-time response. This paper is focused on the consistency for directional spatial constraints in a two-dimensional Euclidean space, which is critical in application domains such as geographic information systems, battlefield visualization, transportation, etc. We propose a dimension graph representation to maintain the Euclidean spatial constraints among 2D objects (points, intervals, regions). The basic idea is to project the spatial constraints on both X and Y dimensions, and then to construct a dimension graph on each dimension. The dimension graph representation transforms the problem of consistency checking into the problem of graph cycle detection. Consistency checking for conjunctive constraints can then be achieved in linear time complexity. This approach is much more efficient than competing approaches when there are few disjunctions in the spatial constraints, which are often true in above applications. We also demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can guarantee global consistency.


Abstract Background There is a growing concern on infections with multiple organisms including fungi in patients with mucormycosis. However, limited data are available on co-infection in patients with mucormycosis. Methods Patients with proven mucormycosis were retrospectively enrolled at a tertiary hospital from July 2009 to January 2019. Proven mucormycosis was defined as positive fungal culture result for mucormycosis from a sterile biopsy specimen and/or histologic evidence of tissue invasion of hyphae with positive mucormycosis immunohistochemistry test result. We reviewed other pathogens isolated from sterile or non-sterile sites before and after 7 days from the biopsy for infected tissue that suggested invasive fungal infection. Results A total of 61 patients with proven mucormycosis were analyzed. The primary site of infection was as follows; lung (n = 38, 62.3%), rhino-sinus (n = 21, 34.4%), and orbito-cerebral (n = 15, 24.6%). Based on sterile culture results, 4 patients (6.6%) had the evidence of co-infection with other fungi including Candida species (from 3 cases; C. albicans from 1, C. glabrata from 1 and C. krusei from 1), A. flavus (1), and F. solani (1), and 23 patients (37.7%) had the evidence of co-infection with bacteria including E. faecium (VRE) (8), P. aeruginosa (5),coagulase-negative staphylococci (5), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (4) and others. Based on non-sterile culture results, 10 patients (16.4%) had the evidence of co-infection with fungi other than mucormycosis including Aspergillus species (5, A. fumigatus from 1, Aspergillus not fumigatus from 1 and A. oryzae from 1), Candida species (5, C. albicans from 2, C. tropicalis from 2 and C. glabrata from 1), Penicillium species (1), S. cerevisiae (1) and P. jirovecii (1), and 24 patients (39.3%) had evidence of bacterial co-infection including S. maltophilia (5), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (5), E. faecium (VSE) (3), K. pneumonia (3), P. aeruginosa (3), and others. Conclusion Bacterial or fungal co-infections appear to frequently occur as appreciated before in patients with mucormycosis. These data provide us important information to select empirical antifungal and antibacterial agents. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


At the Museum of Anthropology in Vancouver, British Columbia, experimental photographic techniques are being used to reveal early Northwest Coast designs found on traditional, painted artifacts. These techniques are important i n making early Northwest Coast designs accessible for study, and their continuation would make possible the recovery of Northwest Coast painted designs on artifacts from museums around the world.


In hunting for safe and cost-effective materials for post lithium-ion energy storage systems, design and synthesis of high-performance solid electrolytes (SEs) are currently bottlenecks for all-solid-state batteries. Many issues need to be addressed, such as chemical stability during processing, storing and using in ambient condition. Therefore, we investigate the effect of water as well as oxyhdryl group (▪OH) on NaBi 3 O 4 Cl 2 through evaluating ionic conductivity. It is noted that presence of water and ▪OH results in an increase in ionic conductivity of NaBi 3 O 4 Cl 2 due to the diffusion of H 2 O into NaBi 3 O 4 Cl 2 and partially forming binding ▪OH through oxygen vacancy repairing. Furthermore, Ab intio calculation reveals that the electrons significantly accumulate around ▪OH and induce a more negative charge center which can promote Na + hopping. This finding provides a fundamental for understanding the essential role of H 2 O in halide-based SEs and hence provides possible roles in designing water-insensitive SEs through defects control.


In the present paper a general theory of distributed parameter systems with an ordinary feedbackcontrol has been dealt with. The controlled objects are assumed to be described with partial differentialequations, and the control devices with ordinary differential equations. Both the control efforts andstate measurement are to be realized at a few points or regions of the object. Using the perturba-tion theory for linear operators in a Hilbert space we give a theoretical basis to the "model analysis"approach generally employed in engineering. Some theorems and lemmas established in this papermay have independent interest. The main results may be applied directly to the engineeringpractice.


This book differs from its similar kind in organization,content,drill form and teaching requirements.Its content is quite interesting,flexible,practical and convenient for communication.It is based on discourse teaching instead of traditional word teaching with practice as the central link in carrying out communication activities.It is a beneficial try in Chinese teaching guided by functional and notional tehory.


Education is a conscious and planned effort in realizing an atmosphere of learning and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and the skills needed by themselves, the people of the nation and the State. Based on these problems, the formulation of the research problem is: (1) How is the quality of learning in MAN 2 Lubuklinggau (2) How is the implementation of Madrasah Based Management in improving the quality of learning in MAN 2 Lubuklinggau (3) What are the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence the Implementation of Madrasah Based Management in improving the quality of learning at MAN 2 LubuklinggauThis research is a qualitative descriptive research. With the Head of Madrasa as the research subject. In collecting data, the authors use the method of observation, interviews and documentation. Data is collected from the information specified, the results relevant to the problem under study are analyzed quantitatively through the process of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.The results of this study indicate that the quality of the learning process in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Lubuklinggau can be said to be good. This is evident from the teachers who teach in accordance with their respective educational qualifications. With the Implementation of Madrasah-Based Management in improving the quality of learning at MAN 2 Lubuklinggau, it reveals the Management of Madrasas, the performance of Madrasah Heads / teachers, and the role of Community Participation. The implementation of the Madrasah-Based Management Program will be carried out well with the collaboration between Curriculum Management and Teaching Programs, Management of Education Personnel, Student Management, Financial Management and Financing, Management of Educational Facilities and Infrastructure, Management of School and Community Relations, and Management of Special Services.


Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 80 compounds belonging to several classes of flavan derivative have been analysed, and chemical shifts and coupling constants of heterocyclic ring protons and aromatic protons are tabulated and discussed. Compounds examined include flav-2-enes, flav-3-enes, 3-substituted flavanones and flavans, 2- and 4-substituted isoflavans, 3,4-disubstituted flavans, and flavan-4-ols. The geometrical configurations of substituents in the heterocyclic ring follow unequivocally from the magnitudes of the vicinal coupling constants.


The hitherto lost Domesday manor of Donnelie (Warwicks), which had a haia (hay), is likely to have lain in the ecclesiastical parish of Wootton Wawen and been absorbed into the manor of Wootton by the end of the twelfth century. The location of Wootton's late medieval hay (presumably once Donnelie's) is identified, and is found to be unsuitable for the commonly accepted purpose of hays, the taking and holding of deer. A brief discussion of the role of medieval hays points to a previously unrecognized type which existed independently of woodland – a fenced enclosure for holding domestic livestock, which in some cases may have been a gathering point for animals being taken to be sold or exchanged.


This paper presents a robust controller based on Lyapunov Control Theory (LCT) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the grid-tied single-phase nine-level Packed E-Cell (PEC9) inverter. The proposed robust controller is designed using nonlinear model of the grid-tied PEC9 in which a proper negative definite function with a Positive Weighting Factor (PWF) obtained by LCT guarantees the designed controller to provide globally asymptotically stability for the system in unsteady conditions. An online ANN Estimator (ANNE) is also designed to update the PWF which has the most effect on controller performance. ANNE is also trained through an online optimization loop based on Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm that reduces the training time dramatically and enhances precision of the trained estimator. Some experimental and simulation tests are accomplished by dSpace-1104 hardware and MATLAB/Simulink software to confirm the high accuracy and fast transient response of the proposed LCT-ANNE in the current reference tracking and obtaining low injected current THD for both steady-state and variable conditions of the grid-tied PEC9.


On-chip neural interface devices based on CMOS image sensor technology are proposed and demonstrated. The devices were designed with target applications to optogenetics in bioscience. Multifunctional CMOS image sensors equipped with an addressable on-chip electrode array were integrated with a functional interface chip that contained embedded GaInN light emitting diodes (LEDs) and electrodes to create a neural interface. Detailed design information regarding the CMOS sensor chip and the functional interface chip including the packaging structure and fabrication processes are presented in this paper. The on-chip optical stimulation functionality was demonstrated in an in vitro experiment using neuron-like cells cultured on the proposed device. key words: CMOS image sensor, optogenetics, on-chip bioimaging, optical stimulation, GaInN LED, implantable electronics


The most of application systems exit some disadvantages because it needs authorization by oneself,a unified identity authorization and management project is introduced by the technology of JAAS in this paper. Single Sign-on is proposed to resolve the problems of traditional authentication mechanisms. So an SSO implementation is demonstrated to the technology of the JAAS and the LDAP database. The application indicated that the system may reduce the login frequency and cost of managing users.


An integrated experimental and simulation approach is proposed to study the effect of loading uncertainties on the fatigue crack growth behavior of Al 7075-T6. Various loading histories, including constant amplitude loadings, single overload block loadings, and deterministic and random variable spectrum loadings are used in the current investigation. Multiple specimen tests are performed and statistical analysis is used to extract the probability distribution of crack size and fatigue life. A previously developed small time scale model is used as a mechanism model to explain the fatigue crack growth behavior under random variable amplitude loadings. Monte Carlo simulation is used for the probabilistic fatigue life prediction. Model predictions are compared with the experimental observations for model validation. It is observed that the effect of uncertain loading is different under different loading spectra. For some cases, the uncertainties of loadings have no major impact on the probabilistic life distribution. For other cases, loading uncertainties have significant impact on the scattering of the life distribution. Model analysis indicates that this behavior is mainly due to the scattering of crack opening stresses produced under different variable amplitude loading spectra.


ABSTRACT The dominant mechanisms of soil formation on a sequence of Smiths Fork, Blacks Fork, and Pre–Blacks Fork moraines in West Fork of Beaver Creek, Uinta Mountains, Utah, (equivalent to Pinedale, Bull Lake, and Pre–Bull Lake moraines of the Wind River Range, respectively) are clay translocation (argilluviation), increasing soil redness (rubification), and the accumulation of organic matter (melanization) and silt-sized particles. The quantity of clay-sized particles and degree of soil redness increase with soil age, but clay accumulation may plateau in the oldest soils. In contrast, the quantity of accumulated organic matter and abundance of silt-sized particles do not appear to correlate to soil age. The Smiths Fork moraine, interpreted to be MIS-2 in age, has two crests that have distinctly different amounts of clast weathering and soil development. The outer Smiths Fork crest displays weathering that is more comparable to that of the Blacks Fork moraine than to the inner Smiths Fork crest. This weathering contrast is related to an age difference between the two crests, but a precise chronology of the Smiths Fork moraines cannot be determined from these data.


s | Code List Paper code: BOO02255 Science assessment and its contribution to the nurturing of creativity Boo Hong Kwen National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Abstract In 1997, a nation-wide initiative to promote creativity, lateral thinking and problem solving skills was launched in Singapore. Since then schools have been paying special attention to the development of creativity, lateral thinking and problem solving skills in our school going population. Teachers have been trained to teach such thinking skills explicitly as well as indirectly, through infusion into their science lessons. Teachers have risen to the challenge of nurturing creativity, lateral thinking and problem solving ability among their students. However, an important question needs to be raised: Does formal school science assessment contribute positively towards the drive towards the stimulating of creativity, lateral thinking and problem solving skills among pupils? Introduction and background In 1997, a nation-wide initiative to promote creativity, lateral thinking and problem solving skills was launched in Singapore. Since then schools have been paying special attention to the development of creativity, lateral thinking and problem solving skills in our school going population. Teachers have been trained to teach such thinking skills explicitly as well as indirectly, through infusion into their science lessons. Teachers have risen to the challenge of nurturing creativity, lateral thinking and problem solving ability among their students. The word creativity has a wide scope. However, it generally means the production of something new (de Bono, 1986). There is some overlap between "creativity" and "lateral thinking". Lateral thinking, which is specifically concerned with the generation of new perceptions and new ideas, overlaps with creativity since both are concerned with producing something new, such as new ways of viewing a phenomenon or alternative ways of asking questions. If a person produces something new which is not good, then s/he is not considered creative. This means that the use of the term "creativity" is usually a value judgment of a result while lateral thinking is a process. It can be said that the ability to think laterally is involved in creativity. Assessment and examinations are integral elements of the teaching and learning process at all levels of education across all environments and contexts. Whilst a wide range of assessment and examination methodologies have been developed, the most common remains the paper-and-pencil test which seeks to assess student understanding of scientific concepts and processes across topics through a series of tightly bounded questions covering the curriculum area. Whilst the curriculum in any subject domain may evolve only slowly, there is a constant need to keep generating new assessment papers in keeping with the challenges of nurturing pupils who can think critically and innovatively while at the same time overcoming such problems as the limited number of concepts/topics in the primary science syllabuses. In addition, there is the need to present each cohort with a fresh examination paper so that model answers are not simply handed down from one cohort to the next, and rotememorized and regurgitated. All of this leads to a heavy demand on teachers to regularly generate new examination papers for use in the classroom. At the same time, in the Singapore context in particular, this has created a whole new market segment for the publishing industry. The heavy demand on teachers and the tendency to assume that material that is in print is accurate sometimes leads to the incorporation of inappropriate or weak test items from commercially available assessment books. In many cases, the same weak test items are found in several schools examination papers. This paper is based upon an examination of about one hundred sets of school science examination papers from different primary schools. Each set of examination papers comprises P3-P6 papers, each comprising typically 30 multiple choice type questions and 16 open-ended supply type or free response questions. Problematic test items which surfaced in this study A scrutiny of these school examination papers reveal that while many of the assessment items were wellcrafted and tested higher order thinking, there are, on virtually every paper, some test items and/or their mark schemes which would cause pupils, and in particular, creative pupils, to have difficulties or problems. These items are categorised and discussed in the following sections. Group 1: Items which involve perceptual mismatch between question setter and creative pupils One of the root problems is that creative pupils see issues, alternatives and ambiguity in examination questions which the setter did not intend or was unaware of. In other words there is a perceptual mismatch between the question setter and the creative pupils. In fact, in many of the other examination questions, there is some perceptual mismatch even between the setter and the non-creative pupils. What may appear to be a well-bounded and precise question on the part of the question setter can often be interpreted quite differently by the pupils. For the creative pupils, there is an additional obstacle to performing well on such conventional paper-pencil test items since they are likely to have even more alternative perceptions or interpretations of a question. This is particularly severe in the case of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) where there is supposed to be one and only one correct answer out of four given options for each question and the pupils' answers are marked by computers. In some MCQs (such as the questions 1.1 and 1.2), creative pupils find situations in which all or none of the alternatives are correct while non-creative pupils who know the material in the conventional way simply select the most appropriate (often most obvious) answer and get marked correct. Group 2: Test items which are weak in scientific content or processes A pre-requisite to creative science (or technology) is sound knowledge of science content and processes such as scientific problem solving or experimenting. Another problem surfaced in the scrutiny of examination papers is that fact that some questions reflect weaknesses or misconceptions about either scientific content or problem solving procedures or processes. If pupils are subject to examination questions (as well as in homework and class tasks/assignments) which do not exemplify sound scientific concepts or problem solving procedures or processes, then they could be consciously or subconsciously be influenced and their grasp of scientific concepts and processes could be adversely affected. Group 3: Test items which test trivial or esoteric facts Test items which focus on trivial or esoteric facts instead of important science concepts or processes can impede the fostering of creativity in pupils. An examination which contains too many s uch test items are a concern because they could give the wrong signal to pupils, especially the conscientious ones, that learning science and doing well in science is about memorising a huge number of such facts. This would impede the development of creativity in them as their minds would not be free to roam and create, but instead would be distracted and cluttered with facts which should be more appropriately stored in places such as internet servers, books and CD ROMs. Group 4: Test items with rigid and/or narrowly based mark schemes In the case of supply type items it is common to find mark schemes which contain a narrow range of acceptable answers, and in some cases, even rigid, in terms of requiring a specific word or term to be given by pupils in order to earn marks or credit. It is also common to find mark schemes which explicitly state penalty for incorrect spelling or grammar. In some supply type questions, creative pupils see alternatives which are often not seen by the setter, and if the mark schemes are followed rigidly, creative pupils end up giving correct answers in terms of their own perceptions of the question but is/are the wrong answer(s) as per the question setter's mark schemes, which have too narrow a range of possible answers, and which fail to anticipate valid but innovative/unusual answers given by pupils who are more creative or critical in thinking. In such a case creative pupils can become confused or even de-motivated in science learning. Specific examples for illustration and discussion The following are specific examples put into the four groups which illustrate and discuss specific problems that could impede the drive to foster creativity in pupils. Group 1 Examples: Items which involve perceptual mismatch between question setter and creative pupils Question 1.1 Which one of the following animals should not be in the same group as the others? 1 goat 2 hen 3 rabbit 4 tiger In this question, the setter's answer key is option 2. To the setter, who has taught pupils the classification of vertebrates into groups such as mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians and so forth, the given item is a very easy question, almost a give-away, since option 2 the hen is clearly the odd one out, the only bird among the mammals. However, because the basis of grouping is not made explicit in the question, a pupil who is thinking laterally could opt for any of the other alternatives as the answer: Option 1 could be the answer key since goat is the only animal with horns or in the question. Option 3 could be the answer key since rabbit is the only animal that burrows Option 4 could be the answer key since tiger is the only carnivore or only one not domesticated, and so forth.


The author examines the essence of law according to Thomas Aquinas, a famous western philosopher in the Middle Ages. Aquinas suggests that law is an ordination of practical reason made and promulgated for the common good by one who has the care of the perfect community, and that law is a rule of human acts which has binding force and therefore should be obeyed. The author holds that Aquinas law philosophy is a rationalist natural law theory.


Topology control of polymers is critical for determining their physical properties and potential applications; in particular, topologies that incorporate numerous hydrogen bonding (H‐bonding) donors and acceptors along the polymer chains considerably influence the formation of different inter‐ and intramolecular H‐bonding motifs. In this study, the high‐level control of inter‐ and intramolecular H‐bonding is investigated in topology‐controlled poly(glycidoxy carbonyl benzoic acid)s (PGCs). Three types of topology‐controlled PGCs (i.e., linear, hyperbranched, and branched cyclic structures having a similar degree of polymerization) are prepared by introducing aromatic carboxylic acids into the corresponding polyglycidols (PGs) via quantitative post‐polymerization modification with phthalic anhydride. The obtained three types of PGCs demonstrated the high‐level interplay between the inter‐ and intramolecular H‐bonding in polymer chains by exhibiting the pH‐dependent self‐association properties in the solution state and the strong adhesion properties in the bulk state with high transparency. Interestingly, the dramatically enhanced adhesive property by 2.6‐fold is demonstrated by simple mixing of branched cyclic PGC and topology‐controlled PGs to promote the cooperative H‐bonding between polymer chains. The new class of cooperative H‐bonding is anticipated between topology‐controlled polymers to contribute to the development of advanced adhesive and the high potential in biological and biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility.


One of the closing activities at the Annual Leadership Forum (ALF) is the presentation of the Outstanding Chapter Awards and the recognition of the impressive work that chapters are doing to contribute to the Academy's mission.

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Front row (left to right): Ohio Executive


BACKGROUND
Venous thrombosis with and without pulmonary embolism is a frequent complication of malignancies and second among the causes of death in tumour patients. Its incidence is reported to be 10 to 15%. Since for methodological reasons, this rate can be assumed to be too low and to disregard asymptomatic venous thrombosis, a combined retrospective and prospective study was performed to examine the actual frequency of venous thrombosis in tumour patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The histories of 409 patients (175 women, 234 men, mean age 69 years [19 to 96 years]) with different tumours, consecutively enrolled in the order of their altogether 426 inpatient treatments, were checked in retrospect for the frequency of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Subsequently, 97 tumour inpatients (36 women, 61 men, mean age 70 years [42 to 90 years]) were systematically screened, by means of duplex sonography and/or venography, for venous thromboses in the veins of the pelvis and both legs.

RESULTS
In the retrospective analysis, where no systematic screening for thromboses was performed and only symptomatic thrombosis was recorded, venous thrombosis was found in 6.6% of all tumour patients, whereas in the prospective examination with systematic duplex sonography and / or venography of all patients, the percentage was 33%. In the prospective study, 31.3% of venous thromboses were symptomatic and 68.7% asymptomatic. In 39.3% of the cases in the retrospective analysis and 25% in the prospective analysis, venous thrombosis occurred during chemotherapy, surgery or radiation therapy. Venous thrombosis was most often seen in metastasizing tumours and in colorectal carcinoma (40%), haematological system diseases (28.6%), gastric cancer (30%), bronchial, pancreas and ovarian carcinoma (28.6%), and carcinoma of the prostate (16.7%).

CONCLUSION
Regular screening for thrombosis is indicated even in asymptomatic tumour patients because asymptomatic venous thrombosis is frequent, can lead to pulmonary embolism and has to be treated like symptomatic venous thrombosis. This is particularly true for metastasization during chemotherapy, surgical interventions, or radiation.


A new tool for achieving a sustainable business climate in mining is DLT communication and blockchain data recording. The introduction of DLT will help increase confidence among participants mining executives, employees, regulators and suppliers. The factors that interdict the implementation of DLT are classified. Each of them has been analyzed and models for data exchange among roles have been proposed for illustration. The example is for measurement of the energy consumed and the material mined for an open pit. A scheme for the introduction of correction in case of measurement unaccuracy has been developed.


Doppler shift gives rise to time-selectivity,while multipath propagation introduces frequency-(selectivity) in mobile links.In order to guarantee the effect data transmission in fast time-selective and frequency-selective(or doubly-selective) fading channel,a novel time-frequency double differential space-time coded OFDM technique was proposed.In this technique,double differential space-time coding is introduced into both time domain and frequency domain in an OFDM system.A corresponding sub-optimal decoding algorithm was also derived.The performance analysis and computer simulation prove the robustness of the new system to fast doubly-selective fading.


Multicolour polarimetry with high sensitivity of stars in the region of the Musca filamentary cloud and 12 CO (J=1→0) observations towards the same area are reported. A lower distance limit of 150 pc is derived for this cloud from a polarization percentage versus distance modulus diagram. From the carbon monoxide data, a total mass of 170 solar masses is obtained. The molecular gas density is of the order of 300 cm −3 . The direction of the observed projected interstellar magnetic field is almost perpendicular to the major axis of the cloud. We believe that the magnetic field has played a significant role in the evolution of this cloud


The evolution of niacin, pyridoxin, riboflavin and thiamin contents during sourdough fermentation conducted with selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts was observed. After 8 h, the total vitamin content increased (24% above the initial value) or decreased (reduction > 54% ) when S. cerevisiae 141 or L. brevis subsp. lindneri CB1 were used, respectively ; the LAB-yeast association showed an intermediate (reduction > 20%) behaviour.


A Thesis in the Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration Submitted to the Faculty of Pharmacy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN


This paper presents the development and verification of a new, fully-parallel, hydro-mechanically-coupled simulation software (Irazu) based on the finite-discrete element method (FDEM). Irazu is a general-purpose numerical simulation software which combines continuum mechanics principles with discrete element algorithms to simulate the mechanical response of brittle geomaterials. To overcome the computational limitations of FDEM codes, Irazu utilizes the parallel processing power of general-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs). As a result, Irazu shows impressive speedups compared with a sequential central processing unit (CPU) FDEM code. The code capabilities are illustrated herein by simulating the complex failure mechanics of bedded rock samples. A case study to assess the stability of the overhang of a mine loading pocket demonstrates Irazu's application to field-scale problems. Overall, superior physics and computational performance make Irazu a state-of-the-art, commercial simulation tool for tackling complex geomechanical applications in mining, civil, and petroleum engineering. nature of the GPGPU, efficient parallel algorithms have been developed for performing contact detection, hash table implementation, and other functions. In addition, Irazu can use state-of-the-art cloud computing developments to execute the simulations remotely in the cloud, thus minimizing the hardware and maintenance fees typically associated with traditional simulation software. Irazu has been tested rigorously against known analytical solutions, laboratory, and field observations, as well as previous FDEM results obtained using Y-Geo (Geomechanica Inc., 2016). In all cases, Irazu simulations have been able to reproduce the expected behavior, both qualitatively (e.g., fracturing processes) and quantitatively (e.g., peak strength, breakdown pressures). In the current paper, two practical cases have been chosen to demonstrate the accuracy of results: a series of laboratory tests on a bedded rock; and a larger-scale model of mine loading pocket stability. Realistic deformation and fracturing behavior are reproduced in these simulations with substantially decreased computational times compared to typical FDEM simulations (i.e., minutes instead of hours and hours instead of days). 2. IRAZU FDEM PRINCIPLES A brief overview of the major FDEM principles implemented in Irazu are presented here. For further details and mathematical formulations, the reader is referred to the Irazu theory manual (Geomechanica Inc., 2016). 2.1. Governing equation In Irazu, each intact body is discretized with a mesh comprised of 3-noded triangular elements. The generalized governing equation of motion can be expressed as: + + − − − = 0 (1) where M is the lumped mass matrix, C is the viscous damping matrix (applied to dissipate dynamic oscillations in the model), x is the vector of nodal displacements, fint is the vector of internal resisting forces, including elastic reaction forces and crack element bonding forces, fext is vector of external forces, fc is vector of contact forces, and ffl is vector of fluidpressure forces. The equation of motion is integrated at each simulation time step to update the nodal coordinates. 2.2. Material deformation The elastic deformation of intact material is modeled according to the continuum theory of linear elasticity using constant-strain triangular elements (Munjiza, 2004). Element deformation (strain) at each time step is described by the differences between its initial configuration (i.e., undeformed) and current configuration (i.e., deformed). From the strain tensor, the element stress tensor is calculated using constitutive laws for: • isotropic linear elasticity based on plane stress or plane strain assumptions; or • transversely isotropic linear elasticity. 2.3. Contact detection and interaction An FDEM simulation in Irazu can involve a large number of interacting discrete elements. To correctly capture this behavior, contacting couples (i.e., pairs of contacting discrete elements) must first be detected. Detection is accomplished using a spatial hashing contact detection algorithm optimized for the GPGPU. Subsequently, the interaction forces resulting from the detected contacts can be defined. Contact interaction forces are calculated between all pairs of elements that overlap in space. In the normal direction, repulsive forces are applied to enforce a body impenetrability condition, while in the tangential direction, frictional forces are applied. The repulsive forces between contacting elements (i.e., pairs) are calculated using a distributed contact force penalty function method (Munjiza & Andrews, 2000). According to this method, it is assumed that pairs of contacting elements penetrate into each other and thereby generate contact forces that depend on the size and shape of the resulting overlapping area. The frictional forces between contacting couples are calculated using a Coulomb-type friction law (Mahabadi et al., 2012). These frictional forces are applied to intact material and pre-existing and newly-created fractures. Given the explicit integration scheme, the frictional resistance must be mobilized over some finite amount of relative displacement between the interacting edges.


The objective of this research work is to determine the lipid profile as a contribution to the establishment of reference values in students of rural educational units of the Riobamba canton, in the academic period October 2017 - March 2018. After consulting several bibliographic sources, it was not found a study that specifically determines the reference values of this profile. The types of the research correspond to descriptive, field, cross-sectional, quasi-experimental and qualitative-quantitative process. The technique used was the application of surveys and biochemical tests. This study was carried out in 12 educational units of the sector rural, with a population of 644 students, selecting a sample of 163 students randomly, who voluntarily participated in the application of surveys, prior to signing the informed consent. To carry out the chemical tests of the lipid profile, the automated equipment was used, dimensions ®RxL Max® of the Hospital Provincial General Docente de Riobamba. Lipid profile values were determined in 163 students from the rural area where the result was obtained, in cholesterol an average of 150 mg /dL, in triglycerides a mean of 99 ± 2 mg /dL in HDL cholesterol was 43 ± 3 mg /dL, in LDL cholesterol an average of 77 ± 2 mg /dL. As a result our database can contribute to the reference values since they are within the normal ranges of this profile.


The issue of legal proceedings in Poland, the FRG should be seen primarily in the context of the Supreme Court (Polish Supreme Court PSC) decisions and the decisions of international judicial bodies, including very important judgment of the International Court of Justice of 2012 mostly because of the implications of this verdict for the development of the law of jurisdictional immunities and future litigation on civil claims against foreign states. the ICJ judgment in is without any doubt of great importance to national courts, including Supreme Court in Poland, as well to legislatures on the doctrine of sovereign immunity.


Taking Yangzhou city road greening tree species as test material,the effects of the dust indicator species,locations,and seasonal factors on the evaluation of foliar dust retention effect were studied.The results showed that leaf dust-retention measurement values to a certain extent can objectively reflect the environmental particulates in the air content,the particulates content of Wenchang Road was the maximum,followed by the campus,the park was smallest,the result was closely related to the impact of the sampling locations;evergreen shrub leaves stagnation large quantity of dust,for the performance of the ground dust interception capability was strong.Dust-retention capacity index was not consistent,because it had many influence factors,such as leaf area,crown of tree density,the amount of whole leaf number and leaf tissue structure.In tree species : the amount of each leaf Dust (mg) and the amount of per unit area Dust (g/m2) was consistent , the result was Magnolia grandifloraPlatanus acerifoliaGinkgo bilobaPterocarya stenoptera Ligustrum lucidumCinnamomum camphora , to the amount of dust-dry weight (mg/g) changed greatly , the result was Pterocarya stenoptera Ginkgo biloba Platanus acerifolia Magnolia grandiflora Ligustrum lucidum Cinnamomum camphora ; compared with the overall index , the dust-retention ability of deciduous tree species was best. Only the amount of per unit area of dust-retention of Magnoliagrandifloralinn was the highest.In Shrub species : dust leaf amount (mg), the amount of dust-dry weight (mg/g) were the largest for Viburnum awabuki , While the unit area of dust-retention (g/m2) for Buxus sinica was largest.Dust species between the amount of seasonal change and straw burning air pollution dynamics has obvious relevance , in which Magnolia grandiflora linnhas the highest value in May , others were in October.


The Reynolds stress tensor (RST) is the key characteristic of turbulence describing the paths of turbulent kinetic energy transfer and its anisotropy. Despite recent technical advances in application of multi-beam acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) to in situ acquiring of the RST components, derivation of the full Reynolds tensor from raw flow measurements remains a challenging problem. We present a method for derivation of the full set of turbulent stresses, based on combined use of two ADCPs with two beams from adjacent devices crossing at some point.  In the proposed framework, two 3-beam ADCPs with vertically aligned axes constitute the minimum configuration sufficient to derive 6 equations for all 6 RST components.
The method was applied to studying turbulence in a convectively mixed layer in ice-covered Lake Kilpisjärvi. The calculated dynamics of all six stress components revealed diurnal periodicity along with the variations with the periods of a few hours. The pulsations intensities (diagonal components of RST) remained positive except short outliers; less than 5% of cases did not meet the so-called realizability requirements (positive definiteness of the stress matrix). The off-diagonal stresses demonstrated sign-changing dynamics, mirroring the inter-component energy transfer.
The ratio of pulsation intensities along vertical and horizontal axes varied in the range from 0.02 to 0.25. The r.m.s. values of horizontal and vertical pulsations reached diurnal maximums of 4 and 1 mm/s correspondingly, the latter being close to 1/3 of the convective velocity w*, in accordance with the previous studies on free convection.
The new approach provides an immediate insight into the internal structure of the turbulent boundary mixing, especially relevant to anisotropic non-stationary flows, like buoyancy-driven convection. The preliminary results on under-ice convection elucidate strong anisotropy of the convective flow — a key to understanding the heat and mass transport in ice-covered waters.


With the development of science and technology, the increase of people's awareness of green development, energy conservation and environmental protection has become an inevitable trend of future development. Blade electric vehicle (BEV) received widely attention for its small noise and high energy efficiency recently. However, the BEV brings a series of problems when bringing convenience to people's lives. Among them, the electromagnetic radiation of BEV has received more attention. Aiming at this question, this paper analysis the electromagnetic radiation of several household electric appliance (HEA) and traffic tool based on national standard GB 8702-2014. In order to formulate protective measures, this paper compares electromagnetic radiation of BEV with the electromagnetic radiation of HEA and other traffic tools, which can lay the basis for developing related physical protection measures.


The invention discloses a limiting device for an electric shutter. The limiting device comprises an upper beam, wherein the upper beam is of a hollow structure, a motor for driving the electric shutter is arranged in the hollow structure and is in transmission connection with a transmission tube, and the transmission tube is movably and rotatably arranged in the upper beam. A limiting block is fixedly connected onto the transmission tube, a limiting rod is arranged on the limiting block, the upper beam is fixedly connected with a support, the lower end of the support is connected with an upper limiting micro-switch, and the upper end of the support is connected with a lower limiting micro-switch. The upper limiting micro-switch and the lower limiting micro-switch are electrically connected with a controller, the controller is electrically connected with the motor, an ejection rod for ejecting the lower limiting micro-switch is arranged on the support and located at the left end of lower limiting micro-switch, and a spring is sleeved on the ejection rod. The limiting device for the electric shutter is low in cost and good in stability, the limiting rod is movably arranged on the limiting block, fine adjustment can be performed when deviation arises, an ejection block at one end of the limiting block is provided with certain radian, and when the transmission tube rotates, the limiting device can be loosened and is sensitive in response.


The main properties necessary for the geomaterial design of stabilized ground are strength (compressive, shear and tensile), modulus, permeability, compressibility and dynamically measured properties such as shear modulus and damping at different strain levels. This paper, in conjunction with the previous ones in this series, aims to characterize the geomaterial behaviour of deep mixing (DM) under various loading and environmental conditions using laboratory testing methods. These testing methods include unconfined and triaxial compression tests; direct shear tests; tensile tests using uniaxial and split cylinders; consolidation and permeability tests; and resonant-column, cyclic torsional simple shear and cyclic triaxial tests. The effects of soil type, stabilizing reagent, age, water content, curing temperature, strain at failure, confining pressure, scale and drainage condition on the shear strength of cement-treated soil are discussed along with a framework for selection of the design strength. The re...


Objective To explore the effect of respiratory training on pulmonary function and clinical symptoms of patients with pneumoconiosis. Methods 32 cases of patients with stable pneumoconiosis in our hospital from May 2010 to April 2011 were set as the control group,who were carried out routine nursing care;30 cases of patients with stable pneumoconiosis in our hospital in May 2011 to April 2012 were set as the study group,who were carried out supervision with respiratory training.The pulmonary function and difficult breathing of 2 groups were assessed before and after intervention of sixth months. Results Before the intervention,the degree of dyspnea of two groups had no significant difference(P0.05);after the intervention,the degree of dyspnea of study group was lower than that of the control group,the difference was significant(P0.05).Before the intervention,the pulmonary function of two groups had no significant difference(P0.05);after the intervention,the pulmonary function of study group was higher than that of the control group,the difference was significant(P0.05). Conclusion Respiratory training on patients with pneumoconiosis can not only effectively improve the degree of dyspnea,but also improve the pulmonary function.


The present work has been carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of all plant parts of Rumex vesicarius L. at vegetative stages of growth (early and late vegetative stages). Results of antibacterial activity studies of successive extractives solvents (petroleum ether, ether, chloroform, methanol and ethanol) of different plant parts, at vegetative stages of growth (early and late vegetative stages) revealed that, there were highly significant variations (at 5% and 1% levels) within antibacterial activities of different extracts of different plant parts (50 mg/disc), at these stages of growth. It was found that, methanol extract of leaves (at late vegetative stage) was found to be the most effective against Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus (inhibition zones = 55.00, 55.00 and 55.00±0.00 mm, activity indexes = 1.76, 1.59 and 1.93, respectively), chloroform and ether extracts of whole plant parts (at early vegetative stage) were found to be the most effective extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumonia, respectively (inhibition zones = 28.75±4.73 and 20.00 ± 0.00 mm, activity indexes = 2.17 and 0.36, respectively). Ether extract of leaves (at early vegetative stage) was found to be the most effective one against Streptococcus pyogenes (inhibition zone = 33.00 ± 11.01 mm, activity index = 1.06).


OF THE DISCLOSURE A method for preparing a complex of an inorganic metal halide comprising contacting at room or elevated temperatures an organic complexing agent with a solid inorganic hydrated metal halide which undergoes hydro lysis at room or elevated temperature with formation of hydrogen halide, the complexing agent being character ized as having electron pairs available for coordination to the cation of said hydrated halide, thereby to form an anhydrous or hydrated halide complex, which can. if desired, be further treated by heating and/or subjecting to a reduced pressure to expel the complexed organic groupings and any water of hydration to provide an anhydrous metal halide. The present application is a continuation-in-part of prior application Ser. No. 339,855 filed Jan. 24, 1964,


In the field of micro technology highest accuracies have to be attained regarding position, angles and distances. To achieve this task within reasonable expenses roughly tolerated assembly followed by high-precision adjustment is often applied. As the final tolerances tend to get smaller in the same manner as the dimension of the devices common adjustment processes are reaching limits rapidly. To provide a better solution for this discrepancy the Bavarian Laser Centre investigates a new process of highly accurate, contact-free and time-efficient micro adjustment for a wide variety of materials using ultrashort laser pulses. The process mechanism is based on the effect that an ultrashort laser pulse of high intensity is able to produce plasma on the surface of the absorbing bulk material in nearly isochoric manner. The following expansion of the plasma into the confining medium excites shock waves propagating into the bulk material due to recoil effects. These shock waves, which rapidly decay to compressional waves, induce near-surface plastic deformation which results in bending the actuator's free end away from the laser beam. With suitable actuators this can be used for highly accurate adjustment. Results of previous investigations show that the bending angle can achieve accuracies in the scale of a few 10 μrad while allowing maximum deflections of a few degrees. Up to now copper, steel, silicon and pyrex-glass have been successfully deformed with this process.


A TRH test was performed in patients with Cushing's syndrome and isolated ACTH deficiency, and serum TSH was measured. A TRH-induced TSH showed low response in patients with Cushing's syndrome but showed excessive response in patients with isolated ACTH deficiency. However, in both diseases TRH-induced TSH response showed a tendency to normalize after the treatment. Urinary 17-OHCS excretion was measured in patients with Cushing's syndrome and isolated ACTH deficiency before and after the treatment. There was a definite inverse correlation between ;the logarithm for urinary 17-OHCS excretion and the peak TSH response to TRH. These results suggested that glucocorticoids regulate not only ACTH but also TSH secretion.


The article deals with the typical features and the inconsistency of the informatization of the modern society. The peculiarities of person's adaptation to the contemporary sociocultural conditions are defined. It is concluded, that in the conditions of expansion of the informational space a person not only receives the free access to the information, but also becomes an object of the information influence. In such conditions the risk of person's alienation from the society and culture is growing.


OLLOWINC THE DEMONSI'RATION that human F cancer possessed the ability to grow in animals of alien species,l, 2, 5 a series of investigations was instituted in an attempt to evaluate the significance of this faculty. One phase of the study concerned its specificity, and experiments were undertaken to detcrniine whether the property was limited to cancer or shared by other tissue states and whether or not i t represented a general and essential attribute of cancer. It was found that adult normal tissues, benign tumors, hyperplasias, so-called precancerous lesions, and inflammatory granulomas were incapable of heterologous transfer, but that embryonic tissues, like cancer, survived and grew.3 T h e second group of experiments involved the testing of a large number of human cancers with respect to heterotransplantability, and the r e d t s obtained are reported in the present paper. It was observed early in the course of these experiments that heterotransplantability was not a property common to all tumors displaying the morphological changes considered characteristic of cancer. Accordingly, a search was made for other variations in biological behavior that might distinguish tumors differing in this particular and might be related to the presence or absence of the property. ,4 relationship was found to exist between the results of hetcrologous transfer and the subsequent fate of the patient, and a consideration of this relationship is the primary object of the present report.


Five biotites of Himalayan Period from southern Xizang platean have been irradiated and determined using reactor No. 901 in Qinghua University as fast neutron source(neutron flux 1.17× 10^13n/cm^2·s, fast neutron - 25%, duration of irradiation 18 hours) and MMhb-1 hornblende from USA as standard. Most of the samples were also determined by Ar^36 isotope dilation method, and good agreement has been obtained for the results between the two approaches. This shows that Ar^40/Ar^39 dating is capable to distinguish clearly the order of intrusion among the multiphase intrnsions with respect to the young granites of Himalayan Period. Powder sample of CaF2 and K2SO4 were irradiated and ratios of (Ar^36/Ar^37)Ca. and(Ar^39/Ar^37)Ca and (Ar^40/Ar^39)x have been measured, which are of the same magnitutc of order as reported from other reac-tors in the world. For the ZBH-2506 biotite standard of China, Ar^40/Ar^39 age (130.9--131.9my)agrees with the age of 131±2.6 my as determined by dilution method. Plateau age obtained by step-wise heating (131±0.8my) is similar with the data obtained from total fusion and dilution methods.


ment through time on Melos-bear on the problem of cultural discontinuity at the end of the Cycladic EBA.40 The Gales have established that mines on Siphnos were extensively exploited for lead and silver ores during the EB 1 and 2 periods.41 Their analyses of 21 lead and silver artifacts from the islands of Amorgos, Naxos, Syros, Antiparos and Despotikon reveal that 19 of the artifacts were manufactured from ores with lead isotope ratios characteristic of Siphnian or Laurian (SE Attica) sources. Of 3 analyzed items from the EC IIB fort at Kastri on Syros, 2 were manufactured from Siphnian ore while the source of the ore used for the third is presently unknown. Of 6 objects from Amorgos analyzed, a lead object from a cist grave at Arkesine contemporary with the MC I Phylakopi I assemblage and 4 silver bangles (whose dates, as in the case of so many of the early metal objects from Amorgos, are unfortunately insecure) prove to have been produced from Laurian ores; a silver bowl from Kapros Grave D of the EC I Grotta-Pelos culture was made from ore whose source is presently not identifiable.42 No item yet analyzed which has been shown to be a product of Siphnian ores can be securely dated later than EC IIB, while the analyzed artifacts from Kastri demonstrate that Siphnian ores were still being utilized as late as EC IIB. The analyses of the objects from Amorgos strongly suggest that by the time of the Amorgos group, here argued to fall chronologically within MC I, the principal and perhaps even the only source for lead and silver ores within the Aegean had become SE Attica. The conclusion that the Siphnian mines were abandoned after EC IIB is confirmed by the admittedly scant ceramic material thus far collected at these mines.