To interpret the effects of genetic variation and phenotypic changes between individuals is still very complex in human. We are developing various strategies for Predicting and understanding the downstream effects of genetic variation using computational methods are becoming increasingly important for the identification of novel genes codons and their target and impact over protein-coding genes which is also known as coding sequences (CDS) and their prediction is an beneficial step over functional annotation of genes. CDS prediction for human genes from genomic sequence is convo- luted by the vast affluence of intergenic sequence in the genome, and delivers little information about how contrasting parts of potential CDS regions are expressed. In contrast, Caenorhabditis_elegans gene CDS prediction from cDNA sequence offers obvious advantages, yet confrontation a different set of intricacy when observed on high-throughput cDNA sequences, are an increasingly relevant tool for genetic and biomedical research. Bioinformaticians have become superior at functional assumption methods derived from functional and structural genomics. Examination of CDS that change a rarely used codon in to a frequently used one or vice versa may help in predicting their phenotypic effect on the individual carrying the change. The code is not ei- ther overlapping or punctuated, but has mRNA sequences read in successive triplet codons till to reaching a stop codon. The perfect genetic code uses triplet bases for every amino acid. The efficiency of the genetic code can be significantly increased if the requirement for a fixed codon length is discard- ed so that the more common amino acids have briefer codon lengths and rare amino acids have expanded codon lengths. It would be more challenging for the system of transcription to deal with a variable codon length. This study also provide significant insights over new approaches to reveal and under- stand chymase inhibitors through systems-based approach to analyzing conversion of Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II or for inactivating bradykinin and miRNA which provides application to evaluate diverse expansion of atherosclerosis vulnerabilities which is the basis of new medical informatics approaches in terms of their further drug development.


It is certainly easy to make a list of 'items' that could either spark innovation within a local production system or that would support the existing firms and organizations to progress and innovate in such contexts. At the macro level, the list would include, e.g., an effort to achieve a sound macro-economic environment, low levels of corruption, significant investments in education and public research. At the regional and local levels, the list would also add new items, which, depending on the specificities of the local context, would include a mix of different interventions such as e.g. the setting up of technology transfer centers to help the upgrading of small and medium enterprises, the encouragement of linkages between local firms and a number of other actors considered to be important sources of new complementary knowledge –e.g. universities, research centers, subsidiaries of multinational corporations; the support of marketing initiatives such as the organization of trade fairs or other activities aimed at increasing the openness of the cluster to international markets. Some policy makers would also find it a brilliant idea to create geographic agglomerations of firms from scratch, as in the case of technopoles, science parks and incubators or to encourage the presence of venture capital in the local area. The list could be almost endless as academic scholars have informed policy makers in several ways, providing and sometimes selling their own "recipes" to local or national politicians – often leading to the creation of fashionable policy-brands to sell to next country (e.g. Cluster Initiatives; FDI attraction; Creative Cities).


Magnitude and phase related issues of modelling of ocean wave kinematics are addressed. Causal and non-causal filters are examined. It is shown that if for a particular ocean engineering problem only the magnitude representation of wave spectra spatial relation is critical, analog filters can be quite useful models in conjunction with the technique of statistical linearization, for calculating dynamic analyses. This is illustrated by considering the dynamic response of a simple model of a guyed tower.


In the pattern formation method using the photoresist composition capable of remarkably improving the resin deposition, the photoresist composition comprises a first solvent 61-79 second solvent with high polarity than the weight percent of the first solvent 21 and containing an ether compound mixture of 39% by weight and a mixed solvent obtained, resins, photo-acid generator and quencher. After the exposed photoresist film is formed using the photoresist composition optionally using ArF light source, and developing the exposed photoresist film to form a predetermined pattern. The photoresist to increase the polarity of the composition can significantly reduce the amount of deposition of the resin, it is possible dipek the precipitated resin is generated is secured to the spray nozzle is also significantly reduced. Therefore it can not only can be formed on a semiconductor substrate of good quality on the photoresist film to produce the final highly reliable semiconductor device.


Background: The 5-tier Emergency Severity Index (ESI) score is a well-accepted, validated triage tool with good interrater reliability. Parental perception of illness severity has not been compared to ESI score. Objective: This study compares parental assessment of severity of illness to triage nurse acuity. Design: Prospective and descriptive. Setting: Large, urban pediatric emergency department (ED). Participants: Parents/guardians of patients younger than 18 years. Intervention: The triage nurse assigned an ESI score, and the parent/guardian assigned all patients a severity score on a scale of 1 to 5 (1, most sick and 5, least sick). Mean severity scores were compared between the groups. Results: There were 142 participants with a mean patient age of 6.15 years. The mean participant and nurse severity scores were 3.01 and 3.35, respectively, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.203 (P = 0.008). Most frequently, the parent/guardian and triage nurse assigned the same score (n = 44, 31%). Seventy-six percent of the parent/guardian scores were within 1 point of the triage nurse score. Conclusions: Close agreement exists between parent/guardian and nurse ESI scores, illustrating objectivity in parent/guardian assessments. This study provides a springboard for future studies regarding ED use after educating families on ED triage.


Four programs for master's level training in community psychology at George Peabody College for Teachers are described to exemplify four different roles in community psychology: (a) direct service provider, (b) systems consultant, (c) agency administrator, and (d) liaison worker.


This paper presents empirical results on the dynamics of the residential assessment process and examines the effects of this behavior upon the distribution of the tax burden between neighborhoods of the same political jurisdiction. The principal finding is that assessments are rarely changed and therefore the tax burden is shifted toward neighborhoods with relatively slow rates of increase in property values. Failure to adjust assessments for relative price changes leads to inequities which are called de facto discrimination.


This research aimed to measure the level of androgyny of Sanata Dharma University students. The subjects were 100 students of Sanata Dharma University consisted of men and women of age 18 to 22 years old participating the research. There search uses quantitative approach parallel with descriptive method. The only variable is androgyny, which composed of masculinity and femininity equally in one individual. The instrument to measure is Bem Sex Role Inventory which adopted to Indonesian language. The test was taken to measure the androgyny by descriptive analysis and gender roles division based on group median scores of masculine and feminine scale. The analysis has resulted in greater masculine mean empirical value than mean theoretical value {87,28 >73,5} which exposing higher average of the group than its average theoretical value, therefore means the subjects has the tendency of high masculinity. In addition, the analysis has resulted in larger feminine mean empirical value than its average theoretical value, consequently means the research subject has the tendency of high femininity {88,43 >70} which featuring higher average group value than its average theoretical, which means widely the research subject has the tendency of high femininity. All things considered, the gender roles division from 100 students have explained that 70% of them have androgyny gender roles, while other 30% have masculinity, femininity and or undifferentiated. Finally, the students of Sanata Dharma University aged of 18 to 22 years old mostly have gender roles of androgyny


This paper generalizes the new conjugate condition proposed by Dai,presents a related conjugate gradient method and analyzes convergence properties.Numerical experiments show that the method is sufficient.


The emergence of the rule of law originated in the three major contradictions existing throughout the human society,and also related to the west cities's autonomy.The rule of law is one core of the elements of the "World city".China has been on the road of the rule of law for 30 years and the construction of the rule of law has made important contribution.According to the experience of the world and China,the rule of law should take the way of "strong government" and "big society",create the law-oriented government, which key is to guarantee human rights and restrict the power,create the service-oriented government of the "responsibilities" prior to the "power".As a "world city",Beijing should attach great importance to the construction of rule of law.


This paper presents a novel integrated on-chip antenna for chip-to-chip wireless communication, based on the usage of the digital circuitspsila ground planes as radiating elements. Such antenna requires no additional space on the chip or additional technological steps to be produced. The simulation data shows great potential in the usage of such antennas for wireless chip-to-chip interconnection.


Autobiographical memories play a significant role in daily life and function. Research found that they can provide a general positive mood, by regulating emotions, which gets especially important, in the last stage of life. When studying emotions, emotion expressions are often focused on. The goal of this study was to expand the current knowledge by answering the question, how the characteristics of autobiographical memories of older people are related to emotion expression regarding prosodic features and word usage. To answer this question, 11 participants were asked to retrieve and to discuss different memories. For that, an adapted version of the Autobiographical Memory Test was used. It was found that specific memories were told with a higher pitch and intensity, that vivid memories were told with a higher intensity, that valence differentiated in word usage and that memories that contained a perspective change included more sensorial words than memories from only one perspective. These findings can be used for future investigations regarding dementia but also regarding emotion recognition of technologies.


In this paper online parameter monitoring system with program download facility is studied.The various industrial/automobile processes whose parameters are to be monitored and controlled by visiting the location where the actual process is going on, there is no provision for monitoring and controlling such a parameter centralized from one fix location. The products are connected at various locations around the country by specific constructors. One major problem these constructors face is if there is need of change of software at remote site, then one engineer need to send at that location to change the program. Our aim is to advance a system with online programming download facility. Such user can be kept at remote end. This programme will be connected to Internet and program will be changed and downloaded in remote application unit from server .In this system all the parameters not only monitor from PC but can also be controlled from a PC. It allows users to perform tasks or change the task of the automated equipment by changing its programming, over the Internet without being near to the actual equipment.


Red mud modified by an acid digestion and alkali reprecipitation approach was employed as support for the preparation of Ni/MRM catalysts using the homogeneous precipitation method. The textural and structural properties of the as-received red mud (RM), the modified red mud (MRM) and the as-prepared Ni/MRM catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry analysis (TG-DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and N2 sorption techniques. The analysis results revealed a mesoporous nanocatalyst system with high surface area and uniform pore-size distribution. The results of the catalytic activity measurements showed that these mesoporous nanostructured Ni/MRM catalysts were very active for ammonia decomposition. The catalyst with 15% Ni loading and calcined at 600 °C exhibited the highest catalytic activity. Due to its unique properties and the feature of resource utilization of industrial solid waste, MRM holds great promise for developing catalysts and catalyst supports for applications in various catalytic reactions including catalytic ammonia decomposition.


Nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs) were fabricated from low site density aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The CNTs were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on Ni nanoparticles made by electrochemical deposition. Each nanotube is separated from the nearest neighbor by several micrometers. NEAs of 1 cm2 consisting of up to millions of individual nanoelectrodes, each with a diameter of 100 nm, were made by this nonlithography method. These carbon NEAs could be used as templates to fabricate other metal NEAs. Electrochemical characterization including cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry were performed.


In this letter, a novel miniaturized and low insertion loss 60GHz on‐chip bandpass filter (BPF) is presented, which is fabricated by a standard 0.13 μm CMOS process. This BPF is mainly composed of a three‐line coupled structure. The selectivity of the filter is improved by introducing two transmission zeros on both sides of the desired passband because of the source‐load coupled structures. In addition, the gap between the three coupled lines can affect the coupling strength to determine the fractional bandwidth (FBW) of the filter. The miniaturization of the filter is also achieved by folding the coup led line of a quarter wavelength. The overall size of the fabricated BPF chip is 267 μm × 376 μm. The measured results show that the insertion loss and fractional bandwidth of the filter at the center frequency of 60 GHz are −2.03 dB and 47%, respectively. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.


Martial arts fall training may reduce the risk of hip fractures in persons with osteoporosis. Training is safe if they wear hip protectors that could attenuate the maximum hip impact force by at least 65%, perform the fall exercises on a thick mattress, and avoid forward fall exercises from a standing position.


The erosive burning phenomenon is occurring by various factors and the effect must be considered in order to more accurate performance design. In this study, we perform internal ballistic analysis that reflects the effect of erosive burning by applying the Lenoir & Robillard model equation and verified the reliability of the analysis results by comparing it with the previous studies. Also, we predicted pressure variation according to L/D through the verified internal ballistic program for confirm the influence of the erosive burning on propellant shape change.


A unified calculating approach is needed for public passenger transportation. All public transport companies and other stakeholders would have additional opportunities to create a transport offer if the unified methodology was made available to them and if calculations and calculation criteria were harmonized. Thus, the main goal – improving citizen mobility – would be accomplished. For this reason, in the study, we suggested the hybrid fuzzy methods for evaluating and improving the quality of public transport service. Unreliable responses of survey participants often distort group decision-making regarding the problem of public services, negatively affecting the end of the calculation procedure. Fuzzy multicriteria decision-making approach has been used. The suggested technique has the advantage of taking into account the degree of fuzzification of respondents' judgments about the choice scenario, while also using two MCDM models to eliminate bias in the responses.


Illustrated Volumes of Bhagwad Gita: The beautiful handwritten and illustrated manuscripts leave an unforgettable image of the scripture for any scholar. They are a beautiful combination of gold and handmade colours.


Structural defects such as cracks and corrosion are a common problem experienced within many different engineering fields. Where the marine industry and the oil and gas industry are known to suffer greatly for those defects. Traditionally these were repaired using welding techniques or mechanical fasteners such as bolts and rivets. The related fire hazard within the oil and gas industry requires large areas of production to be shut down before welding can take place. This causes delays and can lead to large financial implications. Mechanical fasteners also have the disadvantage in that they require holes to be drilled in the component. Undesirable stress concentrations can form around these holes when the joint is under load. Therefore a method of repair which doesn't produce harmful stress concentration and wont delay production is desirable. Adhesively bonded patch repairs satisfy both of these requirements and are gaining interest within many sectors of industry. A double lap shear joint is considered to be a good representation of an adhesively bonded patch repair. In this paper, numerical investigations into the behaviour of the Double Lap Joint (DLJ) will be conducted, with the aim of analysing its strength and failure characteristics. The main objectives of this work are to create a valid numerical representation of the joint using ABAQUS modelling software. The main conclusions drawn are: The stress distributions observed within the numerical model could be considered a reliable indication of the stresses present in the real joint. This helped to confirm the location of a stress concentration on the lower adhesive/adherend interface at the end of the strap overlap.


Vision-based vehicle detection and classification is an important problem in machine vision and attracted widespread attention due to its wide range of applications in intelligent traffic system. Most of the current vehicle type classification methods require to precisely locate car positions and use the cropped car regions as input. In this paper, we propose deep convolutional neural networks for vehicle makers and models classification, which can take whole image as input without detecting car regions. Our main contributions are two-fold. Firstly, we find pre-train the deep CNN in the task to identify whether vehicle exists in input image can boost the performance of vehicle type classification. Secondly, we show data enhancement can further improve the classification accuracy. Our methods achieve the accuracy of 79% on a large scale Cars dataset, which is comparable with the recent state of the art which requires cropped car image as input.


BACKGROUND
The 47-kDa membrane lipoprotein (Tp47) is the most representative membrane protein of Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum). Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that connect innate and acquired immunity. The regulatory role of Tp47 on DCs remains unclear.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effects of Tp47 on DC maturation and migration, and research the changes of the main chemokine C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) involved in DC migration.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A transwell assay was applied to assess the migration of DCs. Cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) in the supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of cell surface markers (CD80, CD86, CD40, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR) and CCR7 was assessed using flow cytometry. The expression of CCR7 in DCs was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

RESULTS
The Tp47 promoted DC phenotypic maturation, such as increased CD40, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR expression, as well as DC functional maturation, thus stimulating DCs to secrete inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α. At the same time, Tp47 did not enhance DC migration and did not increase the expression of CCR7.

CONCLUSIONS
The Tp47 promoted the maturation of DCs while not enhancing CCR7-mediated DC migration ability. This may be one of the mechanisms by which T. pallidum escapes host immune clearance.


The synthesis and characterization of two novel cyclic siloxanes, diacetoxydiethyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane and diacetoxytriethylpentamethylcyclopentasiloxane, and cyclolinear polymers synthesized from these monomers are presented. The cyclic siloxanes were synthesized from tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane and pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane, respectively, by acetylation followed by ethylation. The cyclic monomers were characterized with 1H NMR spectroscopy. Subsequently, the cyclic siloxanes were self-condensed into cyclolinear polysiloxanes and cocondensed (extended) with silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane into high-molecular-weight polymers containing cyclic units withlinearpolydimethylsiloxane spacers (extended cyclolinear polysiloxanes). The molecular weights of both the cyclolinear polysiloxanes and extended cyclolinear polysiloxanes were determined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4039‒4052, 2006


Objective To summarize and analyze the distribution and harmfulness of leech-cansed dis-ease among populations, parasitized locations of leeches in human body and different treatment measures against this disease in mainland of China in the last 50 years. Methods To collect the information from varieties of medical books, journals, bulletins, monograph and journals for parasitological subjects, as well as leech-caused disease data reported from different regions. Results Information of 1 003 cases were collected and the data revealed that leech-caused diseases were found in 15 provinces or autonomous regions yet, and the patients' a-ges ranged from 1.5 to 73. Most of these victims were farmers, little girls and students, and next were lumber-men. The high incident season of the disease was summer followed by autumn. Disease course lasted from 1 day to 365 days. The common locations of leeches detected were in nose, vagina, pharynx and larynx, and rarely in eyes, intestines, bladder, stomach and subcutaneous tissue. The clinical symptoms were blood less, anaemia, panic, nervousness, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nanseat and vomiting. Some cases once lost blood volume ranging from 200 to 300 ml, and even 600 ml in the most severe eases. Conclusion The parasitic disease caused by leech is mainly distributed in the remotes of Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yun-nan provinces of the southwest China, Hubei Province of mid-south China, and Fujian and Guangdong prov-inces along the east coach of China. It causes great damage to the residents, especially the adult farmers and little girls.

Key words:
Mainland of China; Leech-caused disease; Distribution; Harmfulness


The present invention may be obtained from the biofuel production process includes a method of making a communist and compositions for useful animal feed as a communist product for animal feed. More particularly, the present invention is, from the oil of hydrolysis fatty acids, low density lipids from evaporation of stillage, syrups, distilled grain residue, distillation grains residual soluble material added, before fermentation of the mash solids, and the like solids from all stillage after fermentation, including communism product for animal feed derived from at least one process feed stream.


In this paper we prove the following conditional result: Let F be a number field, and π a cusp form on GL(2)/F which is not solvable polyhedral. Assume that all the symmetric powers sym^(m)(π) are modular, i.e., define automorphic forms on GL(m + 1)/F. If sym^6(π) is cuspidal, then
so are the sym^(m)(π), for all m. Moreover, sym^(6)(π) is Eisensteinian iff sym^(5)(π) is an abelian twist of the functorial product of π with the symmetric square of
a cusp form π' on GL(2)/F.


Topological analysis of power network is the foundation of power system analysis software.At present there are a lot of methods for power system topological analysis,however in view of that most of them perform topological analysis according to the switching information provided by SCADA/EMS,so they can hardly meet the power system analysis software's requirement in real-time performance.Taking the breadth-first search in tree search method for example,on the basis of topological analysis of initial network an improved network topology search method based on the information from wide area measurement system(WAMS) is proposed to trace the network topology under non-fault and post-fault conditions of power network in real-time mode.The proposed method is programmed by Matlab software,and this program is used to analyze and process simulation results of IEEE 9-bus system obtained from BPA power system simulation software.The proposed method analyze and process different power system information provided by phasor measurement units(PMUs) under non-fault conditions and various fault modes,and the results show that the proposed method possesses satisfied versatility and real-time performance,so it can meet the requirement of power system in the field of real-time topological analysis.


The realization of the simulation model of network attacking and defence offer the platform for network attacking and defence.It's important for the reseachers of network security to improve their capacity of network attacking and defence.At first we describe a kind of simulation platform model of network attacking and defence in this paper.We put emphases upon introducing the virtual router,designing the structure of the router and realizing the basic function of the router.


Turbulence structure on the gas side of a wavy stratified flow was experimentally investigated in a near horizontal 18.7 cm (H) 10 cm (W) 5.5m (L) rectangular duct.By applying the Variable Interval Time Averaging (VITA) technique to the hot wire anemometer measurements frequency of occurrence of turbulent events were detected near the air-water interface. Experimental results showed that frequency of occurrence of turbulent events over the waves increased with the interfacial shear at the interface. Mass transfer coefficients were calculated making use of eddy cell model and calculated turbulent event frequencies. Predicted mass transfer coefficients show good agreement with experimental correlation. Conditional averages of turbulent events were obtained by applying VITA technique to the measured instantaneous velocities. Despite near wall region, both ejection and sweep can initiate turbulent event at the interface.


Objective:To study the clinical application of the bulbocavernosus reflex(BCR) ,somato-sensory evoked potientials (SEPs)in female patients. Methods: The latencise and amplitudes of BCR, SERs were determined in 15 female patients and compared with 30 nomal male subjects and 30 psychiatric impotence patients. Results: The latencise of BCR in female patients prolonged, and had significantly difference(P0. 05)as compared with that of psychiatric impotence and that of the normal subjects,but the latencies of SEP P41 in subjects of three groups were not significantly different. Conclusion: The latencies of BCR in female patients prolonged as compared with the that of 2 groups of male subjects,but the latencies of BCR in Chinese female must be further studied.


This note describes two possible beam-related failure modes of the Halo Collimators for LCLS-II. It was prompted by remarks that a failure mode analysis could be important to the decision in an ongoing discussion of whether or not to implement cooling flow switch interlocks on each jaw. Although this note only deals with beam related failure modes, several other failure modes and risks were identified at the 'LCLS-II Halo Collimator Review, Readiness for Manufacturing' held in March 2019 [1], and the combined set of modes is reasonbly complete. Normally there is very little interaction between the beam and the Halo Collimators because the beam halo is very weak, especially compared to the core beam, and the core beam has an extremely small size compared with the gap between the jaws. In this note I consider hypothetical circumstances where a beam could in principle damage Halo Collimators. In particular I discuss what would happen if:


The utility model relates to a valve, in particular to a fuel gas control valve controlled by electromagnetic valves. The utility model adopts the following technical proposal that the fuel gas control valve comprises a valve seat with a fuel gas circulation channel; the circulation channel comprises a fuel gas inflow channel, a furnace core outflow channel and an outer ring outflow channel; a master-control electromagnetic valve for controlling the inflow of fuel gas is arranged on the fuel gas inflow channel; a first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the furnace core outflow channel; and a second electromagnetic valve and a third electromagnetic valve controlling independently are respectively arranged on the outer ring outflow channel. Due to the proposal, the utility model overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides the fuel gas control valve which is simple in structure, convenient to install and manufacture and especially capable of realizing automatic control.


[Objective] The aim was to provide a basis for the fast, accurate detection of Chlamydophila psittaci [Method] A pair of specific primers was designed on the basis of the gene sequence of major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of C. psittaci, and with SYBR Green I as fluorescent dye, the real-time quantitative PCR detection method of C. psittaci was established. According to detection result, the intra-and inter-assay variation coefficient (CV) were calculated. [Result] With the extraction DNA of C. psittaci as template and PCR amplification was made with Cps-1 and Cps-2 primer and a fragment with 100 bp length was gotten. The amplified products, after being recovered and purified, were connected to pGEMT Easy vector and transferred into coli DH5α. The colony was detected by PCR to screen out the positive clones. After cultivation, their plamid DNA was extracted. When the template concn, ranged from 1.78×10^2 to 1.78×10^8 copies/μl, the correlation coefficient of standard curve was 0.998, and the intra-and interassay variation coefficients were 1.30%-4.59% and 5.72%-9.87% resp. [Conclusion] The important reference for the infection and prevalence investigation on C. psittaci was provided.


In this study,alkali sulfite pretreatment of corn stover was optimized.The optimum pretreatment conditions were obtained,as follows:the total titratable alkali of 12%,liquid ratio of 6:1,temperature of 140℃ and the holding time of 20min.With the pretreatment,subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis rates of glucan and xylan were 85.38% and 70.36%,respectively,and the total sugar yield was 74.73%.Compared with sodium hydroxide pretreatment at the same amount of total titratable alkali,the total sugar yield improvement rate was 10.43%.Additionally,the corn stover pretreated under the optimum pretreatment conditions was beaten by PFI for 1500 rotations.After beating,enzymatic hydrolysis rates of glucan and xylan were 89.74% and 74.06%,respectively,and the total sugar yield was 78.58%.Compared with 1500 rotations of PFI beating after sodium hydroxide pretreatment at the same amount of total titratable alkali,the total sugar yield improvement rate was 14.05%.


The electric field induced optical changes (EIOC) measured by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) reflect the local electro-kinetic properties of the tissue. In this study we developed a method to use the phase of the complex OCT images to map EIOC in tissue samples. Switching the polarity of the electric field induced significant reversible changes in the phase of the complex OCT images. Since the resulting phase was degraded by the noise an advanced signal processing algorithm was developed to obtain the EIOC images. The developed algorithm made it possible to get structural phase images from a standard commercial OCT system, potentially yielding important insights into the local electro-kinetic properties of the tissue. We use a simple theoretical model to simulate main features of amplitude and phase EIOC observed using frequency-domain OCT.


In this paper,by using Schauder fixed point theorem,we investigated he existence of positive solutions for a nonlinear third-order three-point boundary value problem and correspoding eigenvalues problems.


Abstract : The research grant N00014-90-J-1834 supported a 75-day geophysical field program on Reykjanes Ridge in the North Atlantic Ocean and Aegir Ridge in the Norway Basin of the Norwegian Sea. The field program took place in summer 1990 on R/V Maurice Ewing of Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory; the program was carried out jointly by researchers at the Naval Research Laboratory Code 5110, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory and University of Hawaii. University of Hawaii responsibility included providing and operating the SeaMARC II seafloor mapping system during the course of the field program, processing the SeaMARC II side-scan sonar and bathymetric data to produce seafloor charts and sonar mosaics, and participating in the geophysical interpretation of the data


The idea of GST in India, where centre and state taxes to be amalgamated into one, was mooted by Vajpayee government in 2000 and was passed by the Loksabha on 6th May 2015. Despite huge criticism such structure seems to have mixed effect upon various sectors. The VAT payable varies across states ranging from 1-15% and is applicable on the supply of goods portion of the contract. But GST is a wider term and the present paper examines its implementation impact on various sectors by comparing GST and earlier rates.


The Internet is the global network of computer systems connected by cable and telephone lines, and a common communications protocol. We discussed the Internet in detail previously in this series,^'^ and many of you use it for electronic mail and file transfer. Already, 30 million people use the Internet world-wide, and the number is growing exponentially every month. The shear volume of information available "on the Net" intimidates many potential users, but several systems exist to simplify locating and accessing that data. Gopher is a system of menus that can access data and services spread throughout the Internet. Veronico is a program that searches gopher servers throughout the world to locate keywords contained in the menu listings. These navigation tools were discussed in the previous article. The World-Wide Web [WWW] is a navigation tool that was conceived at the CERN particle physics lab in Switzerland in late 1989, and was first implemented in November 1990. The Web, as it is commonly called, has evolved into the major and most userfiriendly means of accessing information on the Internet today. For many people, it allows interaction with multiple Internet resources via a graphical user interface [GUI], without requiring knowledge about where or how those resources are stored, or about what type of computer system is providing the data. If you hesitated connecting to the Internet up to now because of the complexities of accessing data, the WWW is your opportunity to "speed onto the information superhighway." Within minutes you will be able to "surf the Net" like a seasoned expert.


Folk beliefs, which have their source in history, culture and geography, are among the most significant factors determining the identity and characteristic features of a people. In Tatar and Chuvash folk literature myths about mythological beings are often stories written in prose, describing supernatural creatures and spirits. These stories describe "encounters" between humans on the one hand and various mythological creatures, on the other. Among these Arcura/Şurale is a Forest Spirit which has a very significant role in folk narratives of not only the Tatars and the Chuvash, but widely in the folk culture of other Volga-Ural peoples. These mythological beliefs help people of the Volga-Ural region perceive themselves as a part of the universe. In this paper, the etymology of the word Arcura/Şurale is investigated; then its characteristics and its comparison with some other neighbouring Volga-Ural Finno-Ugrian and shamanic Turkic-Mongol spirits are examined.


ABSTRACT. The application of an immunocytochemical method to identify precystic stages and to analyse the encystment kinetics, by using a polyclonal antiserum against isolated cyst walls from the ciliate Colpoda inflata, is reported for the first time. Three different precystic phases were chosen on the basis of morphological changes and degree of cyst wall formation. By using this procedure a better identification of mature resting cysts with regard to precystic cells or young cysts is provided. An average consensus encystment kinetics of C. inflata, by using an accumulated class frequency analysis, is reported.


Objective To investigate the relationship of expression of PTEN gene with the metastasis of cervical cancer.Methods The expression of PTEN gene in the tumor specimens was detected in 72 patients underwent cervical cancer resection(group A) and 46 patients underwent benign cervical tumor resection(group B).The relationship of expression of PTEN gene with metastasis of cervical cancer was analyzed.Results The detection rate was lower in group A than that in group B(27.8% vs.95.6%)(P0.01),which was lower in 27 patients with metastasis of cervical cancer than that in 45 patients without(25.9% vs.62.2%)(P0.01).Conclusion The metastasis of cervical cancer may be ralated to the suppression of PTEN gene expression in cancer tissues.


This article reports an industrial application of advanced control in a delayed coking furnace unit. The advanced control is required because of the semi-batch and semi-continuous nature of the unit. The traditional proportional–integral–derivative control has been proven not sufficient and capable for this particular petro-chemical process. The advanced control is formed by integrating a predictive functional controller with a traditional proportional–integral–derivative controller in cascade architecture with a feed-forward compensator designated for disturbance rejection. The advanced control system is implemented in a Yokogawa CS3000 integrated production control system. The application results indicate that the advanced control can significantly improve the performance of the delayed coking furnace unit in terms of the outlet temperature of furnace and oxygen concentration of the chimney.


The Business Situation in Texas; Finance: Easy Money-Tight Money; The Economy of Laredo; Building Construction: March Permits Show Seasonal Gains; Retail Trade: Durables Sell Strongly in March; Easter Helps Nondurables; Management: An Approach to Technical Management Training; Agriculture: Texas Produces 97% of the Nation's Mohair


Abstract Hospital infection is acquired by the patient after hospitalization and may manifest during hospitalization or after discharge. Health Care-Related Infection (ARs) is considered a public health problem. In the countries, from Central America, and Europe, with hospitalized patients, about 7.6% present this condition, which leads to worsening of the patient's condition, increased microbial resistance, and removal of the patient from their service, with increased expenses and economic impact. (BRAZIL, 2021; WHO, 2022) In the sterilization process, there is the destruction of all microorganisms, in vegetative or sporulated form, at a temperature from 121°C to 135°C, the time may vary according to the temperature and the model of the autoclave. (PADOVEZE, QUELHAS, NAKAMURA, 2014) One of the ways to reduce the risk of IRAS involves all phases of the sterilization process, the storage and distribution of materials, should follow the manual of good practices for the reprocessing of materials, because in addition to ensuring their use, lead to the absence of adverse effects to the patient, which includes infection (SOBECC, 2017).


The book analyses the emergence of hybrid institutional forms in vocational training and higher education in three European countries in the context of Europeanization processes.


Apart from the literary value of its contents, this story affords a good example of the way in which an incident may often be traced back to a period anterior to its first appearance in complete form in the MSS themselves). The anecdote. here edited for the first time is based upon the copy in the sixteenth century MS H 3.17, now 1336, of Trinity College, Dublin). This has been collated with the text in The Yellow Book of Lecan*). Although this MS, which is likewise in Trinity College, Dublin, dates from the end of the fourteenth century, it has not so well preserved the incident in question. Consequently, only the variant readings of sufficient grammatical and textual importance are cited from it in the footnotes. On the basis of the MSS, therefore, this anecdote may be said to have been in existence in the fourteenth century. On the other hand, the satirical verses in quatrain form which occur in it suggest a much earlier date of composition. They are quoted in the commentary) to the Amra Choluimb Chille. This is an obscure and highly artificial work in praise of St. Columba, the oldest version of which is preserved in the


During the last decade, several explorers visited Mars, and produced enormous amount of geodetic data, such as gravity field or topography. They have largely become open to public on line by now (visit, e.g. the Planetary Data System Geosciences Node, http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/). Here we introduce several geodetic studies of Mars performed in Hokkaido University using such data. First we will compare static part of gravity and topography, and discuss isostatic compensation and thermal history of Mars. We then study true polar wander episodes that may have occurred several times and look for records of crustal deformation possibly caused by them. We finally present a recent topic on the time-variable part of the Martian gravity and topography caused by seasonal growth and decay of polar CO2 snow caps. We infer seasonal and inter-annual changes of the density of snow, and discuss the seasonal compaction by sintering of CO2 snow particles and influence of dust storms on the snow density.


Interoperability architectures allow the creation of transversal workflows in the public administration and the integration of services from the perspective of citizens and businesses. In this paper we present a security model to address the security issues that are raised by an interoperability architecture that supports the dynamic composition of e-government workflows by autonomous agents. The model is based in a Public Key Infrastructure and a set of data structures which are supported on well-known standards (X.509 V3 and WSDL). It addresses agent identification, authentication, accreditation and authorization and ensures that results produced by agents are privately delivered to their intended recipients even though those recipients may not be known when the results are produced.


Citizen-candidate models of representative government postulate that any citizen may become a candidate for office, that a winner is chosen from among the candidates by voting with ties broken by the flip of a coin, that all voters have preferences among a set of policies and that the office-holder adopts his preferred policy. It has been proved on certain assumptions that there exists an equilibrium in these models and that the equilibrium is efficient. The significance of the proof is tested here with reference to the paradox of voting , the exploitation problem and the transposition of the Nash equilibrium from markets to politics. The quest for a political equilibrium leads in the end to the recognition of minimal rock-bottom requirement for cooperation and negotiation in democratic government.


Agro-pastoral dams (APDs) are an increasingly popular method of adaptation interventions improving communal water supply in rural West Africa. However, APDs are often constructed in areas where culturally heterogeneous pastoralists and farmers compete for similar land and water resources. Lifting open access water abundance is likely to change if not intensify ongoing tensions between farmers and settling Fulani herders. The extent of collective action and inclusivity of 6 APDs in Northern Ghana are analysed, combining theory from common-pool resource management and equity and justice in climate change adaptation into a proposed Inclusive Collective Action (ICA) model. Practically, the article demonstrates that neither fully excluding Fulani pastoralists nor making dams openly accessible results in inclusive APD usage and management where collective action is successful, and more dynamic forms of regional inclusion and exclusion are needed. Theoretically, the article identifies some of the limitations of applying the enabling conditions for collective action of common-pool resource theory as it tends to overlook negative aspects of excluding certain user groups in culturally heterogeneous contexts from managing and using a commons.


Source study is the foundation of the research work of professional historians. It became the subject of the All-Russian Scientific Conference "Source Studies in Contemporary Medieval Studies", which was held from 28 to 29 June 2021 at the Institute of World History at the Russian Academy of Sciences. The conference, conceived as a platform for regular communication of specialists in the history of the Middle Ages, allowed the participants and numerous listeners to get acquainted with the latest research on the source study of the history of Russia, Europe, the East and America. It included reports summarizing the experience of research and outlining the prospects for further work on key problems of source study of the history of the Middle Ages.


Sigmund Freud speaks of three offenses against the human love of self. The first blow is "cosmological" and is associated with the name Copernicus. The second blow is "biological" and conjures up the name Darwin. Freud himself performs the "psychological blow," which is directed at human narcissism. This "psychological blow" follows from the fact that "mental processes are in themselves unconscious and only reach the ego and come under its control through incomplete and untrustworthy perceptions." These discoveries "amount to a statement that the ego is not master in its own house."


Because of the separation of ownership and control,the asymmetry of information in capital market,and the existence of supervision cost,there is dramatic cost difference between internal and external capital.This make cash flow play an important role at business enterprise operation and development.Based on the latest domestic and foreign investment and cash flow management theories,this paper analyses the relation between investment behavior and free cash flow of Chinese listed companies in manufacturing industry,which examines the true reason of the high sensibility between corporate investment and cash flow,explains the relation between investment behavior and cash flow under Chinese actual circumstance.The paper also puts forward some valuable suggestions for finance and investment system reform and economic policy choice,which will be helpful to the establishment of decision mechanisms and the increase of investment efficiency of Chinese companies.


We examine the effects of optical thin films on CD control in DUV lithography. A number of different substrates typical of device lithography levels were fabricated. Film stack configurations were chosen for their optical properties as well as process integration compatibility. All wafers were then exposed with an open field to measure swing amplitude, followed by a resolution test pattern to measure proximity effect and dose latitude. The resolution test pattern consisted of 250 nm coded features varying in pitch from 500 to 1750 nm. Results will be presented for optimum CD control over four types of film stacks as a function of resist thickness. In general, it is always best to operate at an extremum of the swing curve in resist thickness. However, the underlying film stack effects the CD control differently at Emin versus Emax. We present the optimum exposure conditions for a number of film stacks, resist thickness, and types of illumination (conventional and annular). These results were corroborated by optical imaging software enhanced to incorporate resist thickness and thin film effects. A synopsis of the role of substrate optical properties on CD control will be presented.


The decision by the federal government to institute uniform national coverage for the treatment of actinic keratoses elicited a resoundingly favorable response from the dermatological community.


For the past decades International Accounting Standards and other Anglo-Saxon standards, for example the American ones, had promoted fair value as a valuation basis for the elements of the financial statements. Thus, the quality of the financial informati


Two ultrasonic non‐destructive evaluation methods were applied to characterize the mechanical properties of nano‐structured diamond‐like carbon hard coatings in this work. Guided‐wave phase velocity spectra were measured using the photoacoustic guided‐wave technique and Line‐focus Acoustic Microscopy. The measured dispersion curves by the two methods were independently analyzed by a nonlinear optimization approach using an appropriate multi‐layer material model. The measured Young's moduli using the ultrasonic techniques were compared with nano‐indentation tests and good quantitative agreement was found.


Sediment derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) can comprise a substantial portion of the organic carbon budget in coastal bottom waters, yet it is often neglected in coastal carbon cycle models. In most modern sediment‐water column flux models, biologically mediated reactions that remineralize particulate organic matter (POM) into inorganic compounds are simplified. In reality, organic matter remineralization is a complex suite of reactions that include DOM intermediate compounds. To better represent the sequential breakdown of POM and remineralization of DOM, a DOM state variable was built into a widely used sediment flux model. In the model, DOM is created in the sediment by hydrolysis of POM, and all organic matter passes through the DOM pool before remineralization. The model was run for 11 years and tuned to reproduce observed sediment flux data collected in Chesapeake Bay and then used to assess the role of DOM in sediment organic matter dynamics. Sediment‐water column fluxes of DOM are highly variable both on seasonal and interannual scales, with substantial variability among stations in both magnitude and flux direction. Across all stations, semilabile and inert DOM is lost and labile DOM is taken up into the reactive first layer of the modeled sediment, with the net flux a balance of the two processes. The improved sediment flux model can be utilized to better understand the role of sediment biogeochemistry in the estuarine and coastal carbon cycle and shed light on difficult to measure processes involving DOM intermediate compounds.


Palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD) is a rare inflammatory dermatosis. We report a 45-year-old female with a 2-year history of asymptomatic persistent skin lesions. The patient had rheumatoid arthritis well controlled with abatacept, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine. Multiple nonscaly umbilicated papules with crusted center were scattered on her abdomen, chest wall, and back. Biopsy showed pandermal infiltrate of neutrophils and areas of basophilic degenerated collagen surrounded by palisades of histiocytes, neutrophils deep in the dermis, and subcutaneous fat. A diagnosis of PNGD was made. The patient was treated with betamethasone dipropionate (0.05%) ointment and oral colchicine with good improvement.


This study measured operational efficiency of bank branch offices thinking that improved managerial efficiency of the banking sector belonging to the service industry will contribute to enhanced international competitiveness. Toward this end, a 3-step efficiency analysis model was suggested based on...


Although many aspects of hepatic function have been known and studied for a number of years, little is known about the immunological function of the liver. Chronic liver disease is often accompanied by an absolute increase in serum gamma globulin concentration. All the major immunoglobulin classes may be involved, and the elevated globulin is due to increased synthesis rather than decreased metabolism (1). In this review mechanisms are examined whereby the normal liver may modify the immune response to antigens, and the damaged liver may lead to increased immunoglobulin synthesis.


This paper discusses the impact mechanisms and positive-negative effects of urbanization on groundwater quality based on a three-year study in Shijiazhuang by quantitative calculation and analysis of urbanization level and groundwater pollution. The results show that growth of urbanization is helpful to improve the groundwater quality, but may easily result in salt pollution. It puts forward a kind of theory and a radical way of sustainable development for those cities, dependent on groundwater for their main, or even all, water supply.


In the paper,the main components and the factors that affect the nutritional components were reviewed,the present situation,problems and research progresses of processing utilization of cashew apple in the world were also elucidated. And the processing utilization of cashew apple were also prospected.


Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)describe the healthy skin color as"pink glow in the yellow", which is based on that Chinese belong to the yellow race.However,modern research findings have indicated that the so-called yellow race were colored yellow not from visual observation but symbol imagery.Therefore,it is inappropriate to use race theory to describe a natural color of visual inspection in TCM theory.By contrast,the traditional expression as "cinnabar in the white silk"is much better.This brings us to the reflection of the theory recreation of TCM,we should distinguish the philosophy and natural properties of the objects,meanwhile for the question of how to use western theory in TCM,we must adhere to the principle of"seek truth from facts"under the background of eastern and western academic communication.


Properly conceived and conducted, organizational mentoring can bestow benefits on the suppliant, the mentor and the firm. If prospective proteges assess the context of a mentoring relationship before they enter into one, they can enjoy a bonding experience that facilitates psychological satisfaction and furthers professional advancement. The movie medium is an educative means of appreciating and attaining these positive outcomes. The instructive lens of drama can complement traditional curricular materials in courses on behavioral dynamics. Over the past seven years, the author has assigned a film project in his Leadership classes at the undergraduate and MBA level. Of the 120 films chosen for students projects, five compellingly capture functional and dysfunctional aspects of protege-protector linkages. After analyzing these films, the paper proposes ten precepts that will enhance the mentoring experience for workplace aspirants.


Name of the Author : CH. KARTHIK SUDHA Title of the thesis : COMPARITIVE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT TREND MODELS IN RELATION TO CROPS OF GUNTUR DISTRICT Degree : MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE Faculty : AGRICULTURE Department : STATISTICS AND MATHEMATICS Chairman : Dr. V. SRINIVASA RAO University : ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2012 The Present study entitled "Comparitive performance of different trend models in relation to crops of Guntur District" has been undertaken to estimate the growth rates of the selected important crops viz., Paddy, Chillies, Cotton, Tobacco and to fit the adequate trend equations for the future projections by 2020 AD. The reference period of study was from 1970 to 2011 and the study was carried for Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. Linear and Compound growth rates were calculated to examine the trends in area, production and productivity of selected agricultural crops. Ten growth models viz., linear, logarithmic, inverse, quadratic, cubic, compound, power, s-curve, growth and exponential were fitted to the area, production and productivity of selected crops and the best-fitted model for future projection was chosen based upon least Residual Mean Sum of Square (RMSS) and significant Adjusted R. The study revealed that the production and productivity of Paddy marked a significant increasing trend during the study period (1970-2011) whereas the area exhibited stationary trend. But projections of Paddy production and productivity showed a decreasing trend. Chilli also showed a significant increasing trend in area, production and productivity during 1970-2011. Projections of Chillies area, production and productivity also exhibited a significant increasing trend. In case of Cotton, there was an increasing trend followed by slight decreasing trend in area during the study period and there was an increasing trend in production during study period where the projections of area by 2020 AD showed a decreasing trend and productivity exhibited an increasing trend during 1970 to 2020. It was observed that area and production of Tobacco was decreasing during the study period and increasing during 2012 to 2020 where as Tobacco productivity was increasing from 1970 to 2020.


Status of quality and safety for agricultural products in Xingning City was introduced.Based on the analysis of existing problems of quality and safety for agricultural products,corresponding development countermeasures were put forward aimed to promote the level of quality and safety for agricultural products in Xingning City.


e recent price history of Bitcoin can be characterized as a speculative bubble. I find that there is substantial evidence against the hypothesis that the large price movements experienced by Bitcoin were due to changing expectations about fundamentals. I also use a novel dataset to show that news coverage of Bitcoin induced individuals who had not previously traded Bitcoin to invest for the first time. Finally, I document the existence of short-sale constraints in the market for Bitcoin, show instances of speculators anticipating attentiondriven inflows of new investors, and present a model which shows that short-sales constraints and speculative anticipation of investor inflow jointly generate a price bubble. Introduction Bitcoin is an anonymous, decentralized, digital currency designed in late 2009 by a researcher under the pseudonym of Satoshi Nakamoto. Nakamoto's algorithms allow users to own and transfer Bitcoins just as they would a physical asset—the Bitcoin protocol prevents doublespending and maintains a permanent record of ownership. Bitcoins can be used to purchase goods and services, and traded for dollars on web-based exchanges. As an asset, Bitcoin is economically interesting because of its explosive price growth: as Figure 1 shows, from the start of 2011 to the end of 2013, the price of a single Bitcoin increased by over 400,000 percent, from less than $0.30 cents to over $1,100 , before decreasing to less than $250 at the time of this writing. At its peak, the total value of all Bitcoins in circulation was almost $14 billion; the current value is less than $3 billion. e total volume of Bitcoin traded on exchanges followed a similar pattern (Figure 2), starting from an average of less than $3,000 per day in 2011, spiking to a high of over $100 million per day in late 2013 and plummeting down to less than $10 million per day by July 2014. In this paper, I show that the rapid increase and equally-rapid collapse in Bitcoin's price, valuation, and trade volume can be explained by regarding Bitcoin as a speculative asset. I argue that the Bitcoin price bubble was inflated by investors who were more focused on reselling their holdings to a "greater fool" than on the fundamental value of Bitcoin as a potential currency. All previous economic analyses of Bitcoin have tried to understand it from the perspective ofmonetary economics, and concluded that it behavesmore like a speculative asset than a bona fide currency. However, they stop short of examining this speculative behavior in depth. I reinforce previous findings by showing that Bitcoin trading activity is not correlated with the trading activity of other assets exposed to the same fundamentals, which suggests that trade in Bitcoin is driven by speculative considerations instead of changes in fundamental valuation. I then show the existence of two market characteristics, which I argue combine to generate speculative trading: attention-driven investor inflow, and short-sales constraints. Attention-driven inflow describes the simple fact that in 2011 many individuals who would eventually invest in Bitcoin did not know of its existence. Before they could decide to buy Bitcoin they had to learn about it, most likely through some form of news media. I use a novel dataset to show that, holding changes in market fundamentals constant, users were more likely to buy Bitcoin for the first time on days in which it attracted large amounts of 1 news media attention. e other important feature I document, the existence of short-sales constraints, describes restrictions which make it more difficult for traders to short an asset than to buy it—for example, in the U.S. many retail brokerage platforms don't offer shorting as an option. I show evidence of short-sales constraints in the Bitcoin market by finding that it has been extremely expensive for traders who are bearish about the future of Bitcoin to bet against it. is results in pessimists leaving the market, inflating valuations. When combined with attention-driven inflow short-sales constraints can generate a speculative price bubble, in which speculators try to buy up Bitcoin in advance of news coverage but overshoot, leading to inflated prices followed by a correction. I argue that this dynamic can explain the recent price history of Bitcoin, and is generally applicable to assets which experience large increases in public interest over time. e rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section I provides a background description of the technical features, trading ecosystem, and recent history of Bitcoin. Section II reviews related literature. Section III establishes that trading activity in Bitcoin is uncorrelated with trading activity in other assets that should be exposed to the same fundamentals. Section IV shows that investors who had previously not bought Bitcoin were more likely to do so on days in which Bitcoin received news coverage. Section V investigates the existence of shortsales constraints in the Bitcoin ecosystem, and shows that exchange risk imposes large costs on would-be short sellers. Section VI motivates and constructs a simple model in which short-sales constraints and speculation over attention-driven investor inflow result in a price bubble, and Section VII concludes. I Background e technology of Bitcoin is section provides the bare minimum of technical detail about Bitcoin required to understand the rest of the paper; Nakamoto (2009), the original paper describing the Bitcoin protocol, is the best reference for readers seeking greater depth. e simplest way to think of Bitcoin is as a commodity that happens to be virtual: individuals can hold Bitcoin, and instantaneously transfer arbitrarily-sized amounts of their holdings to each other,1 with the Bitcoin protocol guaranteeing that coins are never double-spent or duplicated. Transac1. is is not strictly true: the smallest possible increment is 1×10−8 BTC, also knownas a Satoshi. However, this increment is incredibly small: it would have been worth less than 0.002 cents, even at Bitcoin's peak price. Moreover, the protocol could theoretically be amended to allow for even smaller increments in the future. 2 tions are permanent and irreversible. Extending the commodity analogy are Bitcoin "miners," who receive newly-created Bitcoins in exchange for verifying transactions and solving processor-intensive computational problems. In order to start using Bitcoin directly, a user must download the Bitcoin client, which is free and open-source, and set up a cryptographic "wallet" which holds the total amount of Bitcoin owned by the user. In practice this is oen very inconvenient, as the user risks losing all of her Bitcoins if she experiences computer problems which corrupt the wallet. Consequently, many users opt to pay a small fee to web-based wallet services, akin to banks, who maintain wallets on their behalf. Some of these wallet services also process and exchange Bitcoins for retailers, handling the business of converting Bitcoins to dollars themselves so that business can accept Bitcoins as payment without being exposed to fluctuations in price. Individuals who wish to trade Bitcoins for dollars must do so on third-party online exchanges. ese websites maintain centralized order books and account ledgers, and match buyers and sellers of Bitcoin much as the New York Stock Exchange and Chicago Board of Trade do for equities and commodities. In order to buy Bitcoin a user must wire dollars to the exchange, complete a trade on the exchange platform, and then request that the exchange transfer the Bitcoins to his wallet; in order to sell Bitcoins the user must send them to the exchange's wallet, complete a trade, and request that the exchange wire her dollars. In the context of trade conducted on exchanges, Bitcoin is oen abbreviated BTC. Because there is no centralized Bitcoin authority there has been a proliferation of exchanges competing with each other for business. In the early years of Bitcoin the trading ecosystem was dominated by a single exchange, Mt. Gox, which represented about 90 percent of BTC/USD trade volume between mid-2011 and mid-2013. However, starting in mid-2013 other exchanges started to take Mt. Gox's market-share, due in part to allegations that Mt. Gox had lost Bitcoins and was on the verge of insolvency; in February of 2014 Mt. Gox declared bankruptcy, suggesting that the rumors were true. Because Bitcoin exchanges operate without legal regulation, users who had funds stored in Mt. Gox lost them without recourse. Since the collapse of Mt. Gox, there has been no single dominant exchange. e trading data I use for my analysis is manually aggregated on the trade-by-trade level from the public trade logs of the four largest Bitcoin exchanges: Mt. Gox, Bitfinex, BTCe, and Bitstamp. is represents an improvement over most previous analyses, which only used trade data from Mt. Gox, because it helps control for idiosyncratic events that may have affected Mt. Gox's relationship to other exchanges but not the broader Bitcoin ecosystem. 3 Trading activity ough SatoshiNakamoto's paper describing the Bitcoin protocol was published in late 2009, and his reference implementation of the Bitcoin client was released shortly aerwards, Bitcoin saw very little economic activity until 2011. As late as July 2011, when the Mt. Gox online exchange started service, the total value of Bitcoins exchanged across the network was less than $6,000 per day,2 and the market price was less than $0.10 per coin. Activity started to pick up with the launch of Silk Road, an anonymous online marketplace that let users exchange Bitcoin for illicit items such as drugs and weapons, in early 2011. Interest in Bitcoin and Silk Road exploded in mid-2011 following a handful of articles in the popular media describing Silk Road as "the underground website where you can buy almost anything," andBitcoin as the "wampum" of the Internet. (Chen 2011)is in


Originally published in 1943, this book presents the content of five speeches delivered by the British Labour politician Herbert Morrison (1888–1965). The speeches all concern themselves with his ideas for British post-war policy and cover the following areas: 'Social and economic policy'; 'The British Commonwealth'; 'The future of exports'; 'World politics'; and 'The state and industry'. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in Morrison and political history.


Summary.  We address an apparent gap in the applied terrorism literature providing an estimate for the size of under‐reporting in transnational terrorist activity. The method that is suggested is computationally straightforward and takes into account the stochastic interactions between terrorism, polity and press freedom in a manner that utilizes their sample properties. The outcome from the application of this metric is that underreporting bias is indeed present and quite sizable.


A new center-tapped microresistor with high power density capability, good stability, and a high degree of inherent reliability is described. The resistor consists of a 0.075 in2chip 0.022 in thick with two equal-value sputtered tantalum nitride photoetched resistors. Gold-plated copper leads are thermal pulse bonded to evaporated chrome/gold bonding pads. The resistive film is protected with an epoxy coating. Performance data include 10 000 h life at 70°C with 0.2 and 0.4-W dissipation with resistance changes generally under 1 percent. This is equivalent to 70 W/in2of substrate area and up to 1300 W/in2of resistive area. Also included are 10 000 h of 150°C thermal aging, temperature cycle, moisture performance and short time overload, and hot-spot temperature rise versus power dissipated. With heat sinking, short time overload of up to 3 W was successfully applied. Tolerance as manufactured is ±5 percent and stability is generally equivalent to M I L 10509 characteristic C. The product design, manufacturing process, fabrication equipment, and process controls are described. Included are a continuous sputtering machine, an autobonder, an autotester, and a "binstock" qualification procedure. Two unusual applications are described. In one, pairs of center-tapped resistors are used as stripline attenuators or as stripline terminations. They are useful at frequencies up to approximately 2 GHz, In the second application, they are used in an ultrahigh-speed computer. All signal conductors are treated as transmission lines and terminated with the microresistor. The computer size is such that just under 500 000 resistors are required. Operation of this computer leads to interesting conclusions regarding field failure rate and require- ments.


An algorithm that solves quadratic programming problems with a convex objective function and a feasible region defined by constraints Ax=b, β ≦ x ≦ α is presented. The algorithm uses the SUB method [3] to establish a starting feasible point and to construct the starting basis matrix. A feasible direction for the kiteration is chosen from a set of row-vectors of the inverse of the current basis matrix. After a finite number of iterations an optimal solution is found. A conjugacy property of feasible directions, convergence of the algorithm, the question of cycling and a comparison with other algorithms from the same class of methods of feasible directions are discussed.


The TC5 workshop held on September 15 2005 was devoted to present a discussion of the preliminary version of the TC5 report devoted to Environmental Geotechnics. This report is a scientific and technical state of the art addressed to practitioners and researchers in the field of Environmental Geotechnics. The preparation of the report was one of the main and most demanding activities of the TC5 during the period 2001-2005. The primary aim in generating this report is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art and the state-of-practice pertaining to three main areas of Environmental Geotechnics, viz., waste disposal by landfills, remediation of contaminated soils and underwater geoenvironmental issues. All three of these topics are considered from both scientific and technical points of view, and are covered for the purpose of both practitioners and researchers working in the field of Environmental Geotechnics, as well as individuals in other professional areas (e.g., chemical engineering, environmental engineering) who desire a comprehensive, yet relatively concise, overview of the field of Environmental Geotechnics. The report describes the roles and functions of the fundamental components required for safe disposal of polluting materials or remediation of polluted lands from the standpoint of design, control and management. Attention also is given to research currently in progress that is devoted to improving our knowledge of design parameters significantly influencing the performance of modern landfill containment systems. The task of the invited speakers was to describe the contents of the six chapters of the preliminary version of the TC5 report and to promote free discussion and contributions from the audience. In this regard, the workshop promoted cultural exchange among the TC5 members and geotechnical professionals interested in the field of Environmental Geotechnics. The workshop agenda was organised according to the six chapters of the report. After introductory comments by the TC5 Chairmen, the following contributions were delivered (the main authors of each chapter are listed together with the speakers, in brackets): Chapter 1. Design basics and performance criteria R. Clark (S. Jefferis) Chapter 2. Managing contaminated sites S. Jefferis (S. Jefferis) Chapter 3. Traditional and innovative barriers technologies and materials A. Bouazza, C. Benson, E. Fratalocchi, M. Manassero, C.D. Shackelford (E. Fratalocchi) Chapter 4. Underwater geoenvironmental issues M. Kamon (M. Kamon) Chapter 5. Landfill design within seismic areas M. Maugeri, P. Seco e Pinto (P. Seco e Pinto) Chapter 6. Education in environmental geotechnics M. Manassero (M. Manassero) A fruitful discussion occurred after each contribution and at the end of presentations.


The texture and the easy axis of magnetization of strontium ferrite (SrFe/sub 12/O/sub 19/) thin films can be controlled by changing the power of the rf sputtering. In-plane magnetic anisotropy is developed at a sputtering power of 330 W (7.5 W/cm/sup 2/), whereas strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (Ku/spl sim/1/spl times/10/sup 6/ erg/cc) is induced at 60 W power (1.3 W/cm/sup 2/). Further control over coercivity and morphology can be achieved by changing the ratio R, between oxygen and argon in the sputtering gas. Coercivity decreases with R. Films deposited without oxygen exhibit higher coercivity and less intergranular interaction as compared to films sputtered with oxygen.


The responsibility to promote the growth of deductive reasoning ability of school students through learning mathematics is in the hand of mathematics teachers and particularly primary school mathematics teachers. However, how we can make sure whether teachers are able to do so. To investigate this issue, we conducted a three-step of an exploratory survey study. First, we designed tasks from the Varignon's theorem. Second, we administered an individual written test involving twenty master students of primary education program, in which they are prospective of and primary school mathematics teachers. Finally, we address the results in the light of Van Hiele theory. The results showed that participated students lack of deductive reasoning ability in the context of geometry. For further research, we wonder whether the designed tasks are also applicable to assess student deductive reasoning ability if the students have acquired appropriate teaching.


Population dynamics in the vermicomposting bed was investigated. And harvesting efficiencies of earthworm attracting traps with different attractants, mesh sizes of net and covering materials was evaluated. Peak density of earthworm population was 5㎏/㎡ and therafter its desity kept 4.4~5.0㎏/㎡. It was evaluated that suitable mesh size of the net was 7㎜ and proper covering materials of the earthworm attracting trap was cotton quilt. The earthworm harvesting efficiency of trap with attractant was much higher than that of trap without attractant. With more amount of attractant in the trap and with longer setting period of trap onto the vermicomposting bed, the earthworm attracting trap harvested more earthworms. Crushed pear-peel attracted much more earthworms than paper mill sludge, but it was difficult to supply enough amount of crushed pear-peel for practical need. Sugar solution(10%) with tab water was proven to be an alternative to crushed pear-peel because its attracting effect on earthworm was as high as crushed pear-peel and it was easy to prepare and supply in large quantity.


Abstract The wearing of respirators is an important means of protecting workers from excessive exposure to air contaminants. A proper-functioning exhalation valve is crucial for an effective respirator. A fast "Respirator Integrity Test" was developed to be used as a quality assurance test before field use of a respirator. The purpose of the test is to assure that no leakage occurs through the exhalation valve nor any other potential leak source in the respirator such as the seal between the respirator body and the air purifying cartridges. If a leak does occur through the respirator, its most likely cause appears to be the exhalation valve. Therefore, the new test method has been compared to a direct "Exhalation Valve Test." Exhalation valve leakage was measured in both new valves and field-used valves. Leakage through new valves was minimal in most cases, but one brand of new valves was found to leak significantly. Five percent of 67 field-used exhalation valves tested had unsatisfactory leakages indica...


Ever since the FCC allocated 7.5 GHz (from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz) for ultra wideband (UWB) technology, interest has been renewed in both academic and industrial circles to exploit this vast spectrum for short range, high data rate wireless applications. The great potential of UWB lies in the fact that it can co-exist with the already licensed spectrum users and can still pave the way for a wide range of applications. However, this wide bandwidth complicates the circuit level implementation of key RF blocks like the power amplifier (PA), transmit/receive switch, low noise amplifier (LNA) and mixers in an UWB transceiver. The inability of Narrow-Band (NB) system likes Bluetooth to deal with some important topics in nowadays technology such as security, high data rate, signal loss, and range resolution makes UWB technology an important subject to be exploited and explored. The ultimate goal is to design a Power Amplifier which covers whole range of UWB frequency from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. The design will focus on Distributed Amplifier (DA) technique which is knowingly as an easy technique for Broadband Power Amplifier design to achieve high output power and flat high gain through the UWB frequency range. The design based on simulation using Microwave Office 2006 and the output gain is 12.8 dB ± 0.5 dB with single-stage PA circuit while the output gain with two stages PA circuit is 26 dB ± 2 dB.


Nanostructured glass ceramic materials are synthesised using a combination of a B 2 O 3 or PbO-B 2 O 3 glassy matrix and PbMo O 4 crystals. Various melting technologies are applied to obtain composites containing from 80 to 60 mol% vitreous B 2 O 3 together with PbMoO 4 crystals. Ceramic sintering is used for the fabrication of materials from the PbMoO 4 crystalline phase and a lead borate glassy matrix. The sample density is measured and electrical conductivity values are determined. The structure of the materials is investigated by transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. Nanoscale crystals, ranging in size from 10 to 50 nm, are observed in the amorphous matrix. It is established that their concentration strongly depends on the sample composition and affects the density and electrical conductivity values.


Dupuytren's contracture diagnosed in 11,8 % among all types of the hand pathology and much more it occurs in male of middle-aged. Etiology and pathogenesis of affection of palmar aponeurosis of the hand are still not clear. The aim of research was to specify clinical prognosis, criteria of medical and social examination and indications of disability after operations in Dupuytren's contracture.


: In this report we model the EEG signal as a sum of sine waves. Each sine wave has a random frequency and a random amplitude. We use band pass filters to separate the different frequency segments of the EEG. The frequency is modeled as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) stochastic process i.e. the frequency is bouncing around a mean value. In each EEG band, an adaptive filter is developed to estimate the random frequency. The instantaneous amplitude is then obtained by using adaptive noise cancelling where one channel is the EEG band pass signal and the other channel is the estimated sine wave with random frequency. Another amplitude estimate is obtained by using energy separation operator with the estimated frequency. The results are compared to the Teager energy separation operator (TEO) and showed better performance.


PURPOSE: A method for writing and managing an electronic security album and diary is provided to store an electronic security album through the Internet without a particular apparatus or space. CONSTITUTION: The method of writing and managing an electronic security album and diary includes the step of performing a log-in process by a subscriber(S31). After performing the log-in process, a host computer of a service provider performs an image seeding mode(S32,S33). The host computer stores an image or a document which is transmitted from the subscriber for forming an electronic security album in a memory of the service provider(S34,S35). When the subscriber selects an album forming mode, the host computer assigns a particular category to the subscriber and combines the image with a background image(S36,S37).


Deformable part models (DPM) already proved great performance for objects detection and many extensions have already published in literature. DPMs generally have high performance, though they dramatically fail to detect objects in challenging environments such as night time. This paper proposes a method based on the idea of latent parts to optimize the structure of objects in deformable part models. Even in challenging environment some parts of the objects are still visible and latent parts can optimize the structure of DPM's object model to catch significant features. We have evaluated proposed method to detect cars at night time in urban area using IR camera. It is a challenging problem due to low visibility, light distortion and illumination/glare in urban area. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the model to detect close and medium range cars in urban scenes at night time.


The invention relates to a combined balancing method applied to a tumbling body rocket body structure. The combined balancing method comprises the following steps of firstly, establishing a yoz coordinate system by using a circle center of any rocket body section as an origin of coordinates, and any two mutually vertical diameters of the rocket body section as a y axis and a z axis; then obtaining the traversing coordinates of a rocket body centroid in the coordinate system; when an abutting hole corresponding to the traversing coordinates conforms to mounting conditions, calculating out the mass of a single balancing block, and when the abutting hole corresponding to the traversing coordinates does not conform to the mounting conditions, calculating out the mass of the distributed balancing blocks; and finally combining balancing counterweights so as to obtain the balancing blocks of the corresponding mass and corresponding number, and completing centroid balancing through fastening of fastening pieces. According to the combined balancing method disclosed by the invention, the balancing blocks are mounted and fastened by one or more abutting holes in an annular frame of the tumbling body rocket body, so that the defects that in a conventional technology, a hole is additionally formed in the rocket body structure or a mounting hole is reserved in the rocket body structure are overcome, the product quality of rocket bodies is guaranteed, and the combined balancing method disclosed by the invention has good balancing efficiency and good adaptability.


The themodynamic aspect of a compression type heat pump is briefly described and special attention is given to investigation of condensing temperature influence on heat pump eficiency in heating mode expressed by its coefficient of performance.


Leaf age is an important trait in the process of maize (Zea mays L.) growth. It is significant to estimate the seed activity and yield of maize by counting leaves. Detection and counting of the maize leaves in the field are very difficult due to the complexity of the field scenes and the cross-covering of adjacent seedling leaves. A method was proposed in this study for detecting and counting maize leaves based on deep learning with RGB images collected by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The Mask R-CNN was used to separate the complete maize seedlings from the complex background to reduce the impact of weeds on leaf counting. We proposed a new loss function SmoothLR for Mask R-CNN to improve the segmentation performance of the model. Then, YOLOv5 was used to detect and count the individual leaves of maize seedlings after segmentation. The 1005 field seedlings images were randomly divided into the training, validation, and test set with the ratio of 7:2:1. The results showed that the segmentation performance of Mask R-CNN with Resnet50 and SmoothLR was better than that with LI Loss. The average precision of the bounding box (Bbox) and mask (Mask) was 96.9% and 95.2%, respectively. The inference time of single image detection and segmentation was 0.05 s and 0.07 s, respectively. YOLOv5 performed better in leaf detection compared with Faster R-CNN and SSD. YOLOv5x with the largest parameter had the best detection performance. The detection precision of fully unfolded leaves and newly appeared leaves was 92.0% and 68.8%, and the recall rates were 84.4% and 50.0%, respectively. The average precision (AP) was 89.6% and 54.0%, respectively. The rates of counting accuracy for newly appeared leaves and fully unfolded leaves were 75.3% and 72.9%, respectively. The experimental results showed the possibility of current research on exploring leaf counting for field-grown crops based on UAV images.


The present study examined the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and child self-regulation during the toddler years. Using a local database, the current study focused on specific dimensions of maternal self-efficacy in an effort to move beyond global descriptions of the construct. The results showed that maternal self-efficacy was negatively associated with child dysregulation ratings. In addition, the instrumental care dimension of maternal self-efficacy was the most influential predictor of child dysregulation ratings. Moreover, negative emotionality and sensory sensitivity have stronger associations with maternal self-efficacy than the other aspects of child dysregulation. However, this study found no gender or socioeconomic differences on maternal self-efficacy and child self-regulation.


Sport rules are the bases for guiding and ensuring of sport competition.Developing tendency of different sports events' rules is different.However,it also has some similarity for the same sports events.After researching the competition rules,it finds that the development of the competition rules shows same tendency in the aspects of ensuring the fairness of the competition,adjusting the serve limitation,reforming of competition system and increasing the appreciation of the competition.


The South America VLF Network, a new observing facility at Very Low Frequencies is presented. It has been recently installed at different locations in Latin America (in Brazil, Peru and Argentina). It consists of a network of seven Very Low Frequency tracking receivers with the main scientific objective of monitoring the solar activity on short (minutes to hours) and long (years) time scales. Other objectives include a better understanding of the spatial structure of the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly, the study of atmospheric phenomena and the search for genuine seismic-electromagnetic effects.


Abstract The objective of this study is to contribute knowledge about formation of political agendas on Twitter during mediated political events, using the party leaders' debates in Sweden before the general election of 2014 as a case study. Our findings show that issues brought up during the debates were largely mirrored on Twitter, with one striking discrepancy. Contrary to our expectations, issues on the left-right policy dimension were more salient on Twitter than in the debates, whereas issues such as the environment, immigration and refugees, all tied to a liberal-authoritarian value axis, were less salient on Twitter.


David Bowie said it. The idea is grotesque — intentionally shocking — yet oddly compelling. Mick Jagger and the Rolling Stones have always been positioned as the antithesis of parents, if not of mothers more specifically: "Would you let your daughter marry a Rolling Stone?" the tabloids asked, before the band even had a hit record.1 What can we learn by following Bowie's lead of thinking of Mick Jagger as mother? In this article I intend to do just that through an assemblage of material — songs, performances, film, video, and images, as well as historical and theoretical texts — that supports Bowie's observation. As an enduring cultural icon of rock 'n' roll, Mick Jagger embodies a musical and gestural crossroads of race, class, gender, and sexuality — a site of subversive ambiguities as well as rampant imitation and commodification. Mick Jagger and dissident sexuality is a topic as old as the Rolling Stones themselves (now over fifty years as a working rock band). The standard celebratory narrative locates Jagger's performance of sexuality as part and parcel of his and the Rolling Stones' performance of race, as historian Andre Millard neatly asserts: "What Mick Jagger and Keith Richards took from the bluesman image was the sense of unrestrained and powerful sexuality, the former in his performance and the latter in his guitar playing. The mythical bluesman was both blessed and cursed by his sexual appeal to women."2 Yet Jagger's gender bending and homosexual intrigues have been noted by rock journalists since 1969 (a significant year discussed below). Most dismiss Jagger's and the Stones' gender Mick Jagger as Mother


This report is the final in a series of five that were initiated by the President in his 17 March 1977 message to Congress on the reduction of marine oil pollution. The report presents the basic definitions of maneuvering and stopping abilities of existing tank vessels as a function of deadweight, compared to those of dry cargo vessels. Using the methods for evaluating maneuvering abilities that are outlined, various devices that have been proposed were examined. The initial evaluation was based on the degree of improvement in the maneuvering ability, the cost and the effect on the design of the vessel for each device. A mathematical (simulation) model was employed to further evaluate the most promising devices. A description of each operational technique has been included. The evaluation of the operational techniques was performed primarily by reporting on various full scale tests. The findings indicate that good maneuvering characteristics can be achieved for tank vessels, but without some guidance or requirement, this is not generally considered in the design cycle for new ship construction.


The agro-industrial complex of the West Kazakhstan region is an important sector of the regional economy to ensure food security and employment. It is based on agriculture. Effective development of agriculture requires investment. To ensure sustainable development of agriculture, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for lending to enterprises of various levels and improve support for the region, using the optimal development strategy and investment. It is also necessary to take into account the main trends in the development of agro-industrial sectors in the region and the main factors affecting the increase in the investment attractiveness of agriculture.


Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of CT of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs).MethodsWe analyzed the images of 20 patients with surgery confirmed pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor,all patients underwent plain CT and contrast enhanced CT examinations.Results In all of 20 cases,5cases were typical carcinoid(TC),2cases were atypical carcinoid(AC),6cases were large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(LCNEC),7cases were small cell lung carcinoma(SCLC).20 cases included 12 men and 8women.There were 13 cases in the central type and 7cases in the peripheral type.and 11 cases in the right lung and 9cases in the left lung.15 cases had necrosis,3cases had calcification.12 cases had lung,mediastinum and hilus lymph nodes metastasis or distant metastasis.19 cases were mild heterogeneous enhancement.1case was obvious enhancement.Conclusion Although each type of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors is not easy to distinguish,there are some characteristics in CT of this disease.The final diagnosis depends on pathology.


The organosolvolytical removal took place with solvent mixtures of ethanol/water and dioxane/water and without the use of acid catalysators, of the lignin contained in a solid waste from a xylose production process from kernel shells. It was studied the influence of solvent/water ratio, removal time and temperature on the delignification and on the process selectivity. The use of ethanol/water and dioxane/water mixtures with a 75/25 (v/v) composition and a removal temperature of 210 °C lead to high delignification values (> 75%) for a removal time of 40 min in case of ethanol and of 25 min in case of dioxane, with a good delignification selectivity (> 70%). Nevertheless, from all studied variables, removal time showed minimum influence on lignin elimination process.


Background Restricting protein intake and controlling hypertension delay the progression of renal disease in animals. We tested these interventions in 840 patients with various chronic renal diseases. Methods In study 1, 585 patients with glomerular filtration rates of 25 to 55 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area were randomly assigned to a usual-protein diet or a low-protein diet (1.3 or 0.58 g of protein per kilogram of body weight per day) and to a usual- or a low-blood-pressure group (mean arterial pressure, 107 or 92 mm Hg). In study 2, 255 patients with glomerular filtration rates of 13 to 24 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 were randomly assigned to the low-protein diet (0.58 g per kilogram per day) or a very-low-protein diet (0.28 g per kilogram per day) with a keto acid-amino acid supplement, and a usual- or a low-blood-pressure group (same values as those in study 1). An 18-to-45-month follow-up was planned, with monthly evaluations of the patients. Results The mean follow-up was 2.2 years. ...


The invention provides a platelet antibody detection kit and a use method thereof. The platelet antibody detection kit comprises a detection plate (1), six gel tubes (2) and an opening sealing film (3), wherein the six gel tubes (2) are arranged at the top end of the detection plate (1) in a left and right arranging way; the opening sealing film (3) is arranged above the detection plate (1), and covers the top ends of the six gel tubes (2); each of six gel tubes (2) contains an anti-human globulin reagent and sephadex; the first gel tube and the sixth gel tube are respectively a positive contrast tube and a negative contrast tube, and the second gel tube, the third gel tube and the fourth gel tube are reaction tubes. The platelet antibody detection kit has the advantages that anti-human IgG and IgG sensitized erythrocyte are used as indication systems to replace anti-human IgG-coated aldehydated erythrocyte, the detection result is clear and accurate, and the repeatability is strong; the effect that detection result can be accurately judged by the naked eye and automatic robot at the same time, and the detection result is easily standardized.