Using the xenon‐133 inhalation method, we studied the age‐related decline in regional cerebral blood flow, calculated as the initial slope index (ISI), in neurologically normal subjects without any risk factors for cerebral arteriosclerosis (154 men and 123 women), ranging in age from 19 to 88 years. The decline in the ISI was rapid in younger age groups and gradual in older age groups. The ISI was higher in women than in men older than 40 years. Using computed tomography, we studied the age‐related decline in brain volume index (BVI; 100% X brain volume/cranial cavity volume) in neurologically normal subjects without any risk factors for cerebral arteriosclerosis (92 men and 49 women), ranging in age from 37 to 86 years. The decline in the BVI was gradual in younger age groups and rapid in older age groups. The BVI was higher in women than in men older than 60 years.


In our country, complex surgical reconstruction of the distal urinary tract in severe bladder dysfunction in children is performed infrequently, given the number of children who need these operations. These operations were carried out in our country by specialists invited from abroad. Therefore, we want to share our first experience of performing a complex surgical reconstruction of the distal urinary tract in children. Purpose – to іmprove the quality of life of children with severe bladder dysfunction. Materials and methods. The results of reconstructive and plastic operations on the bladder in 7 children with severe bladder dysfunction were analyzed. Four patients had a neurogenic bladder 3 of them had a spinal bladder), and two patients had a microcyst after surgical correction of bladder exstrophy and total epispadias. Augmentation ileocystoplasty was performed in 3 children, two of them also underwent appendicocystostomy, 3 patients underwent only appendicocystostomy. An assessment of the urinary tract condition, the degree of urinary retention, postoperative complications and quality of life of operated children. Results. All operated children recovered. The bladders in three patients after augmentation have sufficient volume and fully provide reservoir function. We did not observe metabolic acidosis or other serious metabolic disorders described by other authors in the children we operated on. Urolithiasis was also not observed after surgery. In 5 patients who underwent appendicocystostomy, the latter is well catheterized, has a good cosmetic effect. In 4 out of 5 patients there is no leakage of urine through the stoma. All operated children were recovered for vesicoureteral reflux and chronic pyelonephritis. According to the results of the survey, the improvement of most parameters of quality of life of operated patients (cessation of urinary tract infection, complete urinary retention with more infrequent and controlled urination, the ability to visit children's groups and social adaptation of these children in society). Conclusions. Based on the first own experience of augmentation ileocystoplasty and appendicocystostomy according to Mitrofanoff, the good efficiency of these reconstructive-plastic operations is noted. In all operated patients the quality of life significantly improved – controlled urination was achieved, the progression of kidney damage was stopped. All postoperative complications are successfully corrected. Of great importance for achieving a good effect of treatment is the correct choice of the the urinary tract surgical reconstruction type in each case. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of all participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: augmentation ileocystoplasty, appendicocystostomy, children.


We present two new nonlinearity tolerant modulation formats at spectral efficiencies lower than 4bits/4D-symbol, obtained using a simplified bit-to-symbol mapping approach to set-partition PDM-QPSK in 8 dimensions.


Objective: To identify, systematically review and summarize the best available scientific evidence on the production of original and empirical articles on complex thinking. between the years 2016-2019.
Method: The search was carried out using the Scopus database in open access, using references of the primary and secondary studies that were found. The search was carried out on the basis of the term "complex thought" or related, discarding those that do not refer to Edgar Morin's proposal.
The result was 11 articles of work, of these those that did not fulfill the objective of the study have been excluded.


Importance
Suicide is a public health problem, with multiple causes that are poorly understood. The increased focus on combining health care data with machine-learning approaches in psychiatry may help advance the understanding of suicide risk.

Objective
To examine sex-specific risk profiles for death from suicide using machine-learning methods and data from the population of Denmark.

Design, Setting, and Participants
A case-cohort study nested within 8 national Danish health and social registries was conducted from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2015. The source population was all persons born or residing in Denmark as of January 1, 1995. Data were analyzed from November 5, 2018, through May 13, 2019.

Exposures
Exposures included 1339 variables spanning domains of suicide risk factors.

Main Outcomes and Measures
Death from suicide from the Danish cause of death registry.

Results
A total of 14 103 individuals died by suicide between 1995 and 2015 (10 152 men [72.0%]; mean [SD] age, 43.5 [18.8] years and 3951 women [28.0%]; age, 47.6 [18.8] years). The comparison subcohort was a 5% random sample (n = 265 183) of living individuals in Denmark on January 1, 1995 (130 591 men [49.2%]; age, 37.4 [21.8] years and 134 592 women [50.8%]; age, 39.9 [23.4] years). With use of classification trees and random forests, sex-specific differences were noted in risk for suicide, with physical health more important to men's suicide risk than women's suicide risk. Psychiatric disorders and possibly associated medications were important to suicide risk, with specific results that may increase clarity in the literature. For example, stress disorders among unmarried men older than 30 years were important factors for suicide risk in the presence of depression (risk, 0.54). Generally, diagnoses and medications measured 48 months before suicide were more important indicators of suicide risk than when measured 6 months earlier. Individuals in the top 5% of predicted suicide risk appeared to account for 32.0% of all suicide cases in men and 53.4% of all cases in women.

Conclusions and Relevance
Despite decades of research on suicide risk factors, understanding of suicide remains poor. In this study, the first to date to develop risk profiles for suicide based on data from a full population, apparent consistency with what is known about suicide risk was noted, as well as potentially important, understudied risk factors with evidence of unique suicide risk profiles among specific subpopulations.


STUDIES OF LONG SCINTILLATION COUNTERS Robert J. Shea, M.S. Department of Physics Northern Illinois University, 2011 David Hedin, Director Current research in elementary particle physics requires particle detectors operating at the highest possible energy such as DO at the Tevatron at Fermilab, Atlas at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and the International Large Detector at the proposed International Large Collider (ILC). Research and development is ongoing for the detector technologies to use at the ILC. One of these efforts is the study of scintillation counters using silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) photodetectors for muon experiments. In particular, multpixelated photon detectors (MPPCs) are being developed as an attractive choice for photodetection. In connection with this, a test beam study (T995) occurred at the Meson Test Beam Facility (MTBF) at Fermilab in 2010. My thesis concerns that work, specifically calibration of the silicon photomultipliers that are attached at the end of fiberoptic wires embedded in scintillation material used in the T995 test beam study. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DE KALB, ILLINOIS


I never quite understood that expression 'You can't have your cake and eat it'. I know what it's supposed to be saying. Still, it doesn't make sense, does it?


Sulfur-mediated synthesis has been demonstrated as a simple but efficient pathway to control the texture and electronic structure of poly(tris-triazine) based graphitic carbon nitride semiconductors with improved photocatalytic reactivity over the pristine counterpart. Here, we advance this strategy by employing cheap and easily available elemental sulfur as the external sulfur species instead of sulfur-containing precursors for the sulfur-mediated synthesis of polymeric carbon nitride photocatalysts. Characterization results revealed that the multiple thermal condensations of carbon nitride precursors in the hot sulfur flux provided a facile means to promote the formation of graphitic-like carbon nitride conjugated systems, altering the traditional route of thermal-induced self-polymerization of melamine. The textural, electronic, and optical properties of the resultants organic semiconductors was therefore strongly modified to endow the materials with improved physical and chemical properties, as demons...


Since 2004 chemotherapy has been a part of standard of care in prostate cancer (PC) and improved symptom control and survival has been demonstrated in metastatic castration-resistant PC. Whether docetaxel has benefits in earlier stages of PC is currently under investigation. Metronomic chemotherapy (MC) is used in the clinic mostly for elderly and fragile patients due to the relatively mild side effects, but its effects have not been confirmed in prospective randomized trials of sufficient size. The MC mechanism of action is not fully understood. For chemotherapy treatment in general, there is a lack of predictive and prognostic markers. In an animal model we showed that chemotherapy administered in a metronomic schedule to castrated animals had equal effect as conventionally administered chemotherapy given at the maximum tolerated dose. We explored the possibility of an anti-angiogenic mechanism of action. Induction of the anti-angiogenic factor TSP1 mRNA indicated a possible anti-angiogenic effect, but this was not confirmed in assessment of microvessel density. In two cohorts of patients treated with docetaxel or metronomic cyclophosphamide, we evaluated predictive and prognostic liquid biomarkers and found that hemoglobin was predictive for docetaxel treatment and that circulating cell-free DNA was prognostic for MC treatment. Platelet-derived proteins as potential liquid biomarkers in the circulation were evaluated and shown to be promising. Some proteins showed prognostic value in advanced PC, and a few showed predictive value. Chemotherapy was evaluated in early stages of PC in a randomized phase 3 study. For patients with recurrent disease after curative treatment or patients with high-risk PC not suitable for curative treatment, docetaxel combined with antiandrogen therapy showed advantage in progression-free survival compared to antiandrogen therapy alone.


ABSTRACT The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of influenza A virus is responsible for both transcription and replication of negative-sense viral RNA. It is thought that a "switching" mechanism regulates the transition between these activities. We demonstrate that, in the presence of preexisting viral RNA polymerase and nucleoprotein (NP), influenza A virus synthesizes both mRNA (transcription) and cRNA (replication) early in infection. We suggest that there may be no switch regulating the initiation of RNA synthesis and present a model suggesting that nascent cRNA is degraded by host cell nucleases unless it is stabilized by newly synthesized viral RNA polymerase and NP.


In this paper, the character of the equation for reflected beam is discussed, a concept of reflection matrix is introducted, and the essential meaning of reflection matrixes is analysed. It gets the simplest reflection matrix. This paper provides the evidence and method for the mathematics computing of the reflecting process of the beam on a single echo plane and the continuous beam reflection on multi-echoplane.


Unified statistical coefficient quantization noise (SCQN) and roundoff noise (RON) analysis for a fixed-point arithmetic are proposed. Assumptions, including the hardware model, are derived so that the output error variance due to the SCQN source is interpreted by RON under single length accumulation. The unified approach is applied to the second-order direct form (DF) and minimum roundoff noise (MRON) filters. From the uncorrelatedness of each noise source, a general formula for total quantization noise (TQN) of the DF filter is obtained. It is shown that the DF structure has better numerical performance around the imaginary axis in the z-plan, so outside of this region the MRON structure should be considered for the design of high-Q filters if the complexity is not very important.<<ETX>>


It is both a humbling and a gratifying experience to be given the opportunity to respond to Judge Noonan's presentation. He has been, and continues to be, my mentor and exemplar as a lawyer, theologian, and moralist, creatively integrating these particular callings in and through his primary vocation as a person of Catholic Christian faith. It is as a law clerk for Judge Noonan that I first experienced the awesome sense of responsibility, discipline, and special type of contextual creativity involved in carrying forward something much bigger than myself and my own intellectual projects: a comprehensive tradition interweaving thought and practice that is not merely of arcane academic interest, but whose judgments of truth and falsity, of permissibility and impermissibility, have real effects on the lives of real people. It seems to me that theologians within the Catholic Christian church, as persons of faith seeking understanding, find themselves working within and responsible to and for a tradition that is analogous to that embodied in the American legal system. There are differences, of course. No matter how flawed in her institutional manifestation, the church is and will remain a mystery, the body of Christ, and the gateway to eternal life—something that no legal or political tradition, however perfect, could ever hope to be. But like the legal system, the tradition of the church moves incarnate through time, borne by, bearing, and developing a complex and interwoven set of ideas, practices, and institutions. Like a lawyer or a judge, part of the vocation of the theologian is to help transmit that tradition, attempting to carry it forward into new times, places, and cultural contexts with "creative fidelity," to borrow the title of Father Sullivan's wonderful book.1 In the following comments on Judge Noonan's paper, I would like to act as a sort of theological law clerk might act in reading her judge's draft opinion, pressing some issues raised in the paper more deeply and pointing out some areas of possible disagreement that the opinion might generate among the other "judges" in the field.


The goal of this study is to develop an image‐based model of urethral distention and resistance in women with and without SUI.


The main objective of this paper is to present a Remaining Useful Life (RUL) calculation approach, based on physical based simulation models, for the predictive maintenance of a production plant using Prognostics and health management (PHM) techniques. The resources of the production plant are modelled in order to enable the simulation of their functionalities. A smart control system is developed, aiming to gather machine data, both from the machine controller and the external sensors, before providing them as input to the simulation tool. The outcome of the simulation is the prediction of the machine's health status, which then is used for the identification of the machine's maintenance activities. Efficient algorithms and technologies for data analysis and prediction are utilized. In this way, the condition and the status of the machines can be predicted as a result from the simulation of physically-based models, without the machines' operation being stopped, as it happens in the common predictive maintenance solutions.


Spectroscopy and microscopy of single quantum emitters is a research direction that has become by now one of the most topical issues in physics, physical chemistry, biophysics and related sciences [1-4]. This direction was marked by particularly intensive development when some new artificial chromophores became available. Those were molecular complexes, organometallic and hybrid light emitters, dielectric nanoparticles and colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs). Besides, the man-created nano-objects could have the specified photophysical characteristics. Registration of fluorescence images of single point emitters in the scheme using a scanning confocal or widefield microscope can give the source coordinates with a subdiffraction (nanometer) accuracy. [5] The reconstruction of the emitters' coordinates is performed from the analysis of the point spread function (PSF). PSF can be modified to implement the super-resolution of all three coordinates using the adaptive optics elements, e.g., the double helix scheme [6]. In this case, the point source image becomes a complicated double-lobe shape and requires a specific analysis. Restoration of coordinates for a statistically large number of single probe chromophores allows one to reconstruct the structure of the material under study with nanometer spatial resolution. This principle is a basis for rapidly growing multidisciplinary area known as the far-field optical microscopy of ultrahigh resolution (nanoscopy) with the reconstruction of fluorescence images of single point emitters. [2] Especially informative and the most sensitive to structural and dynamic parameters of the nearby surrounding are the zero-phonon spectral lines (ZPL) of single impurity organic molecules (SM). [7] ZPLs are extremely sensitive to static and dynamic local fields as well as guest-host interactions. [8-12] The principal task in the development of this direction is to find the regularities connecting microscopic information on the level of individual emitters and their nano-surrounding with the macroscopic characteristics of the bulk samples. [3] The way to solve this problem consists in the statistical analysis of data for a large number of SMs. [4] * Corresponding author: email@example.com; web-page: www.single-molecule.ru DOI: 10.1051/ , 0100 (2017) 713201009 EPJ Web of Conferences epjconf/201 SPECTROSCOPY.SU 2016 132 9 © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Our team is involved in development of the hardware and software solutions and methods for rapid detection and computer analysis of fluorescence images, spectra and spectral trajectories for the gigantic number of single emitters. The developed techniques allow us to perform qualitatively new type of measurements in the field of spectroscopy of the impurity center which is registration of individual spectra and the spatial coordinates of effectively emitting centers in the macroscopic volume of the sample doped with fluorescent probe molecules [3, 4, 13, 14]. In particular, we have been carried out experiments on the far-field visualizing of local structural features in solid films (defects, cracks) with characteristic dimensions of a few nanometers. The method is based on a series-parallel detection of fluorescence images and spectra of a giant amounts of single fluorescent molecules and statistical analysis of the data. SM emission is excited selectively by a narrowband laser frequency tuning to the resonance frequencies of SM electronic transitions. Analysis of SM spatial placement makes it possible to visualize the features of the solid structure of the sample with nanometer accuracy, exceeding the diffraction limit. The features of nanoscopy expand qualitatively the detection of spatial and spectral (photophysical) characteristics of probe emitters. In fact, in these experiments, microscopy acquires extra "spectral coordinates", which are individual spectral characteristics of nanoprobes, which makes it possible to carry put a kind of "spectral nanotomography", revealing different characteristics of the local structure and dynamics of the sample (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. The sketch to the idea of "multicolor" far-field ZPL-based fluorescence nanoscopy. This talk discusses the main techniques for detection of single point emitters (chromophore organic molecules, semiconductor quantum dots), temporal and spectral characteristics of SMs and QDs in different environments, the blinking phenomenon, quenching and enhancement of the luminescence of single emitters. There is a discussion of the nanoscopy methods based on the reconstruction of coordinates of single probe emitters, including 3D-microscopy techniques with the instrumental PSF modification. It is shown how the unique properties of the ZPL can become the basis for a new technique of "multicolor" far-field optical nanodiagnostics of solid media and nanostructures, where the reconstruction of the image is carried out by registering the of the zero-phonon fluorescence images and by restoring the coordinates of a large number of probe SMs with subdiffraction accuracy. In particular, it is proposed to use our approach to nanodiagnostics (mapping) of the local fields in solids, as well as creating a microrefractometry technique [15]. The basis of this approach is the fact that at ultralow temperatures the width of the SM ZPL is determined only by the lifetime of the excited state T1, which, due to the local field effects, is associated with the effective value of the refractive index of the medium [16, 17]. Thus, DOI: 10.1051/ , 0100 (2017) 713201009 EPJ Web of Conferences epjconf/201 SPECTROSCOPY.SU 2016 132 9


Spatial resolution of topographic information gives influence to runoff analysis. In general, geophysical phenomena are considered as random process.In this paper, the Kinematic Wave model is used as a runoff system, and simulutaneous equations for the first-to fourth-order moments of water depth and concentration time under the impact of rectangular rainfall inputs and slopedistribution are theoretically derived. The validity of the proposed equations is cross-checked by results of a simulation. It is possible to estimate the probability density functions of water depth and concentration time by using the first-to fourth-order moments.


Density functional theory (DFT) in combination with non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism are utilized to reveal the transport properties of armchair Germanene nanoribbon field effect transistors (AGeNR-FETs) subject to metallic dopants. Due to the semiconducting nature of p-type and n-type in the AGeNRs in the presence of In and Ag/Au dopants, these atoms are used at the source/drain electrodes to make FETs and Tunneling-FETs (TFETs). The transport properties of these transistors subject to Ag, Au and In atoms are analyzed with the aid of I-VDS, I-VG characteristics and transmission spectrum. It is shown that a negative differential resistance (NDR) is observed for each structure which occurs at low bias voltages. In particular, the maximum NDR with Ip/Iv = 14.78 is observed for the AGeNR-FET. From the transfer characteristics at VDS= 0.7V it is also observed that depending on the type of impurity and the transistor, the minimum current decreases or increases, Dirac point shifts, and on-state current decreases. In addition, the highest Ion/Ioff ratio in FET is related to Ag-AGeNR structure with the value of 49 while for TFET it is related to In-Ag-AGeNR structure with a value of 6.4.


COVID-19 has changed the way we live and work, as various health and safety restrictions keep more of us at home more often. The resulting changes to our behaviour are already impacting the environment around us in myriad ways and the containment of the spread of the pandemic and limitations on commercial activities, mobility, manufacturing, educational and construction sectors have significantly been affected. Since we are in technological age, it is the responsibility of the professionals in the Built Environment to find the best approach to mitigate the socio-economic challenges the pandemic introduced to our environment. This research focuses on the impact of the pandemic on the environment and the expected response of its professionals to rebuild the system from its recovering process in the Post COVID-19 period. Keyword COVID-19, Environmental Science, Architectural Design, Urban Planning, Facility Management, Waste Management, Construction value chain, Surveying


The article presents the results of laboratory and field experiments on studying the influence of ways of presowing seed treatment and methods of reducing the amount of coumarin on yield and forage quality of sweet clover in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The aim of the research is to study and to prove the effective way of presowing treatment of seeds and a method of decreasing the content of coumarin in order to increase the productivity and to improve the quality of clover forage. The experimental station of the North-Kazakhstan SRI of agriculture in 2015-2016 was conducted pursuant to the solution of tasks. In our experiments, it was shown that the proposed method of presowing treatment of sweet clover seeds improves the laboratory germination from 65.2 to 99.0% and the field germination from 33.1 to 72.8%. When applying the technique of reducing the content of coumarin, its content in the green mass of clover was 1.14%, in the hay dried at a temperature of 20°C-0.65% and at a temperature of 60°C-0.48%. The coumarin content decreased two times. The protein content of the hay dried at a temperature of 20°C was 13.2%, at a temperature of 60°C-15.1%. The content of fodder units at a temperature of 20°C was 0.39%, at a temperature of 60°C-0.47%. Based on the research results on studying ways, which increase seed germination and methods of reducing the amount of coumarin in sweet clover, the way of presowing treatment of sweet clover seeds, which increases seed germination almost by 100% and an effective technique of making sweet clover hay, which reduces the coumarin content to safe limits for animals, as well as increases the fodder value of sweet clover hay, were developed and proposed for the production. The method of increasing seed germination of sweet clover is simple in the technical performance and not costly from an economic point of view, which is performed by soaking the seeds of sweet clover in water for 24 h, with further drying and separating the swollen soft seeds on a sieve with a diameter of 2.5-3 mm and the process ends by scarification. The essence of the method of reducing the coumarin amount is that sweet clover, in connection with the content of antinutrient- coumarinin the vegetative mass, should not be fed in the green form and hay making should be fulfilled by the method of active aeration at a temperature of 60°C. Along with the decrease in the content of coumarin, the quality indicators of hay increase. Hay, dried by active aeration at a temperature of 60°C, is bright-green, well-foliated and has a pleasant smell.


The modern analysis of poverty began more than a century ago by quantifying the extent of this phenomenon in a cross-section of individuals in a particular territory. Since the pioneering works by the turn of the 19th Century by Charles Booth and Seebohm Rowntree, referred to London (1889) and York (1901) respectively, many studies have extended the analysis of poverty all over the world. This literature boomed during the last decades mostly because there was an increasing concern on poverty, and its fight was included in the political agenda. Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty in the United States (US), the Lisbon strategy and Europe 2020 agenda in the European Union (EU), or the UN Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals are outstanding examples of this. In any case, the rapidly growing literature on the analysis of poverty was possible thanks to the availability of more data, mostly cross-sectional, and the development of a more rigorous conceptual and methodological framework on poverty measurement.


Service firms in the developing country like other organizations now realizing the significance of customer oriented philosophies and turning to quality management approaches to facilitate managing their businesses. SERVQUAL as an effective approach to measure the quality of provided services and also analysis the gaps between customer expectations and perceptions of the service organization. This paper has been highlighted important service quality gaps associated with external customer services in the baking services of the Bangladesh especially in PCBs. Another aim of this paper is to point out how management of service improvement can become more logical and integrated with respect to the prioritized service quality dimensions and their affections on increasing or decreasing service quality gaps.


The purpose of this study is to determine, through analyzing the establishment of the newly-founded Korea Institute of Technology, how policy-making is made and which internal and external variables interact during this process; consequently, this study develops a conceptual framework for policy-making in Korean education. The problem of most previous models, both foreign and domestic, for policy- making is that they do not adequately address the dynamics of interacting variables : both individual and institutional dimensions ; the climate among those organizers involved ; and external variables, including social values, group interests, public opinion, educationists' influence, media, and international social and economic trends.
 This study presents a conceptual framework for policy-making in Korean education with the view that sl1ch an organization is a social system.


FORBES, C. L., W. B. HARLAND, and N. F. HUGHES. Palacontological Evidence for the Age of the Carboniferous and Permian Rocks of Central Vestspitsbergen 46S POTONIE', ROBERT. Views on Spore Nomenclature . . . . 491 KNILL, J. L., and D. C. KNILL. Some Discordant Fold Structures from the Dalradian of Craignish, Argyll, and Rosguill, Co. Doncgail . 497 CORRESPONDENCE pp. 511-5 U REVIEWS p. SI4 PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED pp. 515-516


I show that a broad class of constrained nonparametric instrumental variable estimators are projections of the corresponding unconstrained estimators on the constrained set with respect to some nor...


The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) is being upgraded to increase plasma current to 2 MA and central toroidal magnetic field to 1 Tesla [1]. The upgrades include a replacement of the centerstack and addition of a second neutral beam. The Inner legs of the TF coil which are at the core of the new larger NSTX upgrade center stack are designed to carry twice the current of the existing TF coils. The inner and outer legs of the TF coil are connected through a set of flexible straps that allow for the thermal growth of the center stack and the out of plane twisting moments in the TF coils. Electromagnetic interaction of the TF, OH and PF coils results in loads on the TF coil structure. The TF flexible straps and structural components of the machine have to withstand these loads. Coupled electromagnetic, thermal and structural analyses were performed. The results of these analyses, which will be presented in detail in this paper, have led to the validation of the design of TF flexible straps and compliance with the requirements of the NSTX structural design criteria.


Roseomonas is a recently proposed genus of pink-pigmented, non-fermentative, short gram-negative rod-bacteria which have been recognized as a cause of human infections. We report a case of bacteremia associated with Roseomonas mucosa isolated from a patient with a history of nodular goiter and multiple episodes of blood transfusion.

 Key words: Roseomonas mucosa, myelodysplastic syndrome, case report.


BACKGROUND
Adhesive resin composite, which is used to bond orthodontic bracket to tooth surface is exposed to the influence of wear by tooth brushing and wear may influence loosening of the bracket.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of tooth brushing on the adhesion strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to surface treated porcelain.

METHOD
A total of 90 glazed porcelain fused to metal facets (PFM) were randomly assigned into 3 groups according to the surface treatment to be received. Group 1 was conditioned with hydrofluoric acid (HF), group 2 conditioned with grit-blasting (GB) and group 3 conditioned with tribochemical silica coating (RC). The groups were evaluated for surface roughness (Ra) before and after surface treatment. Next, 15 samples from each group were subjected to brushing and remaining 15 samples served as the baseline (n=15). Adhesion strength (shear bond strength)was recorded using a universal testing machine. Data collected were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison post hoc analysis.

RESULTS
Tooth brushing decreased the bond strength in all groups. The highest adhesion strength (baseline and after brushing) was observed in group 3 (26.8 ± 1.77 MPa and 23.57 ± 1.02 MPa) and the lowest was found in group 1 (9.6 ± 1.5 MPa and 5.87 ± 0.77 MPa). Group 3 specimens exhibited the highest Ra (1.24 ± 0.08).

CONCLUSION
It was found that tooth brushing of the exposed adhesive resin composite at the bracket-bonding substrate interface lowers the bonding strength regardless of the surface treatment of the substrate.


Posits that fibre is an essential constituent of the daily diet. Outlines the types of dietary fibre and summarizes some common diseases associated with the lack of fibre in the human diet.


Ernst Cassirer made an original contribution to twentieth century philosophy with his genuine series of the Philosophy of Symbolic Forms. Cassirer evaluates the various moments of culture from an integral perspective in this multi-faceted study that covers the symbolic dimension of human communication and interaction with the world. Cassirer's contribution to the philosophical agenda was reinforced by the works An Essay on Man and The Myth of the State, published posthumously. These latter works, however, go beyond mere repetition and summary of Cassirer's thought. Particularly, The Myth of the State is important to confront a problem left open by Cassirer's integral philosophy of culture; the return of myth that consolidates contemporary political thought and action. Cassirer defines culture as the progressive process of human emancipation; analyzes the elements of culture in dialectical harmony, without reducing one to the other. It is doubtful that a metaphysics of culture will eliminate existing problems, but a philosophical framework that will offer an integral view of culture is still a current need. Although Cassirer presents such a framework, it triggers a series of questions waiting to be resolved within itself. In this study, first, the aspects of Cassirer's philosophy of culture that give the opportunity to comprehend the various dimensions of the human beings' world of meaning will be discussed in detail. Then, it will be tried to describe the depth and limit of the original cultural analysis revealed by this systematic approach to update itself in the face of a historical problem. Within the first half of the twentieth century, totalitarianism, as an experience that completely shook the world of meaning of the West, documented the violence and destruction of the culture's transformation into cult. Thus, the challenge concerning Cassirer's assumption of dialectical harmony of symbolic forms that move culture raises the need for a political horizon. Although The Myth of State has tried to present this necessary complementary horizon of interpretation, it is far from the comprehensive dimension offered by the critical philosophical interventions bolstered mainly by Cassirer's thought.


The quantitative characterization of hydration of cement pastes has always been one of focuses of researchers' attention. Rietveld phase analysis (RPA), a combination of quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) and the Rietveld method, supplies a tool of an enormous potential for that. Although a few of related researches were conducted by RPA, the reported attention was not paid to the neat cement paste with a low w/c ratio. Therefore, this work aimed at the quantitative study on hydration of such a cement paste chiefly by this method, meanwhile, cooperated with the hyphenated technique of thermogravimetry with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), as a spot check. Results indicated that RPA was a reliable method in quantitatively characterizing hydration of cement pastes, and gave a clear decription of evolution of all main crystal phases in cement pastes; and that the evolution of monosulphate(Afm_12) was also able to be tracked quantitatively. This will help to understand better the hydration mechanism of cement pastes, as well as to investigate quantitatively effects of mineral and chemical admixtures on hydration of composite cementitious systems.


The aim of this report is to present a new method of testing the sulfate resistance of test bodies made of cement mortar. With this test method the sulfate resistance of Portland cement can be tested and evaluated. In this work two different Portland cements were used, namely Slite Std P Cement and Degerhamn Std P Anlaeggningscement (a sulfate resisting cement). The test method is a further development of an established ASTM method, involving pH-control of the test solution, in which the test bodies are immersed during the testing time. The test method is more severe than the ASTM on account of the pH-control. Hence, it is possible to obtain results faster and a first evaluation can be made after 13 weeks, with the final results after 6 months. Continued work on the test method should permit the establishment of satisfactory limits for good sulfate resistance. (A)


Zooplankton are the linchpin of the marine ecosystem, serving as the main energy pathway from primary producers to higher trophic level organisms, such as fish. Despite their critical role, zooplankton are typically oversimplified or ignored altogether in current marine ecosystem models, and we have limited understanding of how variation in the zooplankton affects energy transfer from phytoplankton to fish. An alternative to resolving the enormous taxonomic diversity of the zooplankton is to focus on functional traits, such as body size, feeding strategy and body composition, since these are the factors that determine an organism's fitness in any given environment, and their role in the marine food web. Body size is the master trait, however zooplankton exhibit vast diversity in other important functional traits, such as predator-prey mass ratio (PPMR) and body composition. Energy transfer through the marine food web depends on these traits, so to better understand the role of zooplankton in marine ecosystems any realistic representation of the zooplankton must incorporate this diversity. In this thesis, I use recent developments in size spectrum modelling, coupled with the extensive literature on zooplankton physiology and size-based feeding characteristics, to explore the structure of the zooplankton community across the global ocean, and their role in mediating energy from phytoplankton to fish.We begin by reviewing the development of size spectrum modelling, particularly focusing on the last 10 years and the recent innovations in size spectrum modelling. In particular, we review the development of functional size spectrum modelling, which allows size spectrum models to resolve multiple groups by their functional traits, and how this has been used for various higher trophic level groups, especially fish. The focus on fish means that the unique dynamics of the plankton have been overlooked in these models. We use the functional size spectrum framework to demonstrate how changes in the size-based feeding behaviour of the zooplankton community affects the productivity of higher trophic levels, and their resilience to fishing pressure: the higher the PPMR of the zooplankton community, the more productive and resilient the fish community. However, higher zooplankton PPMR also increases the temporal variability of the zooplankton and fish communities.The most common modelling assumption with respect to the zooplankton community is that its composition does not change across environmental gradients. However, there is strong evidence that the composition of the zooplankton community is not static, but varies across the global ocean, and this will have implications for how energy moves from phytoplankton to fish. We explore the role of functional traits in structuring the zooplankton community across the global ocean. We develop a functional size spectrum model of the marine ecosystem, which resolves the body size ranges, size-based feeding characteristics and carbon content of nine of the most abundant zooplankton groups (heterotrophic flagellates and ciliates, larvaceans, omnivorous and carnivorous copepods, chaetognaths, euphausiids, salps and jellyfish). Zooplankton community composition emerges from the model across global environmental gradients, based on the functional traits of the nine groups. Across the global ocean, the emergent distributions of the zooplankton community broadly agreed with empirical observation and theory. Heterotrophic flagellates and ciliates, salps, larvaceans, carnivorous copepods and chaetognaths were a larger component of zooplankton biomass in oligotrophic waters, omnivorous copepods were prevalent everywhere, and euphausiids and jellyfish dominated the zooplankton in eutrophic waters.Traditionally, eutrophic systems are hypothesised to be more efficient at transferring energy from phytoplankton to fish, compared to oligotrophic systems. We use the zooplankton- resolved functional size spectrum model to test this hypothesis, and assess the role of zooplankton composition in mediating transfer efficiency from phytoplankton to fish. Changes in the composition of the zooplankton lead to eutrophic waters supporting three times more fish biomass per unit phytoplankton, compared to oligotrophic waters. However, we also found that salps and larvaceans – despite their low carbon content – were critical in oligotrophic waters, providing a direct energy pathway from the small pico-phytoplankton which dominates in oligotrophic regions, to planktivorous fish. Without salps and larvaceans, total fish biomass was up to 50% lower in oligotrophic waters, and 17% lower across the global ocean.The work presented here demonstrates the power of the functional traits to explain global patterns in the zooplankton community. The zooplankton-resolved size spectrum model developed here is a step forward in trait-based modelling, and our understanding of the role of zooplankton in the marine ecosystem.


The objective work to develop loratadine orally disintegrating tablet using different super disintegrant which would disintegrate tablet rapidly in oral cavity. Nine batch of loratadine orally disintegrating tablet was prepared by direct compression method using sodium starch glycolate, cross carmellose sodium, cross povidone as disintegrant in different concentration. Camphor was used as sublimating agent. The compressed tablets are dried for 5 hours to allow sublimation of camphor to increase the porosity of the fast dissolving tablets to improve the dissolution. Approximately 40% of the absorbed loratadine is absorbed via the oral mucosa. The influence of disintegrant concentration on the release of loratadine was studied. Amongst all formulations, formulation F9 prepared by 6% sodium starch glycolate (SSG) showed least disintegrating time of 15 second and faster dissolution. The tablets were evaluated for Carr's index, Angle of repose, hausner ratio, hardness, friability, weight variation, thickness, disintegrating time, drug content and in-vitro drug


Enterprise applications are analyzing ever larger amounts of data using advanced analytics techniques. Recent systems from Oracle, IBM, and SAP integrate R with a data processing system to support richer advanced analytics on large data. A key step in advanced analytics applications is feature selection, which is often an iterative process that involves statistical algorithms and data manipulations. From our conversations with data scientists and analysts at enterprise settings, we observe three key aspects about feature selection. First, feature selection is performed by many types of users, not just data scientists. Second, high performance is critical to perform feature selection processes on large data. Third, the provenance of the results and steps in feature selection processes needs to be tracked for purposes of transparency and auditability. Based on our discussions with data scientists and the literature on feature selection practice, we organize a set of operations for feature selection into the Columbus framework. We prototype Columbus as a library usable in the Oracle R Enterprise environment. In this demonstration, we use Columbus to showcase how we can support various types of users of feature selection in one system. We then show how we optimize performance and manage the provenance of feature selection processes.


PurposeThis paper studies the usability of LG financial statements as perceived by local councillors. By drawing on a comparative view of two countries with different periods of accrual accounting use in the public sector, the authors investigate how local councillors assess the usability of LG financial statements in order to question accounting reform success. Determinants that influence the usability assessment are explored.Design/methodology/approachExploratory design: data were collected from questionnaires with 24 local councillors from five Finnish local governments (LGs) and 30 local councillors from six German LGs. An adjusted variant of the system usability scale was analysed with descriptive statistics and non-parametric group comparisons.FindingsIn both countries, the usability assessment of financial statements seems to be positive, indicating a successful reform process. In Finland, where the accrual government accounting reform has had a longer time to settle in, councillors seem to assess usability only partially better than German councillors. Several determinants of the usability assessment were detected, such as size and debt level of the LG as well as local councillors' gender, political orientation and education. Generally, councillors need more assistance and training in using financial statements.Originality/valueThe study is the first to conduct a quantitative assessment of the usability of LG financial statements as perceived by councillors. The system usability scale was adjusted to a public sector reporting context. The paper adopts a transnational comparative approach.


Distribution between final states of the ion He{sup +} in {beta} decay of atomic tritium is obtained. The final state interactions between {beta}-ray and atomic shell are accounted for in the lowest order of expansion in powers of the Sommerfeld parameter. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is related to left atrial fibrosis, but its identification by late magnetic resonance imaging (LGE) with gadolinium (LGE) persists in controversy due to heterogeneous results in its correlation with the electroatomic map (EAM) and the difficulty of perform histological studies in humans.

 We try to examine the point-by-point association between high density EAM and LGE-MRI using an automatic and reproducible method.

 A LGE-MRI was performed in 16 patients prior to ablation. Three different areas were established depending on the intensity of normalized enhancement for each patient according to their blood group with the image intensity ratio (IIR) (healthy <1.20, border area (BZ) ≥1.20 <1.32 and scar ≥1.32). The high density electroanatomic maps of the left atrium (LA) were projected onto the MRI, obtaining an automatic correlation point by point.

 The study obtained significant differences (p < 0.001) between voltage (mV) and CV (mm/ms) among healthy, BZ and scar areas, as well a significant inverse correlation (p < 0.001) between voltage and IIR (R=-0.39). It obtained too a significant correlation between CV and IIR (R=-0.24), but this showed a greater correlation in those patients who have the least dilated LA (p = 0.02).

 LGE-MRI and EAM showed good correlation in delineating potential pathologic substrate in AF, but left atrium dilation could reduce the performance of the CMR in this task. Conduction velocity could be more sensitive than voltage and LGE-MRI to detect incipient substrate in AF.
 Voltage and conduction velocity values Area /IIR Velocity (mm/ms) Voltage (mV) I / <.20 1.036(0.913-1.158) 1.593(1.489-1.696) 2 / ≥1.20 and <1.32 0.722(0.590-0.850) 0.792 (0.649-0,935) 3 / ≥1.32 0.623(0.473-0,733) 0.444(0.245-0.642) Voltage and conduction velocity values in the three areas of the LGE-RMN.
 Abstract Figure. Correlation among voltage, VC and LA


In view of the defect of traditional diving suit and the external present situation of using laminated fabric in making diving suit, this article elaborates the strong point to apply laminated fabric to the production of diving suit.


In continuation of our earlier work, in which we analysed the charged particle multiplicities in leptonic and hadronic interactions at different center of mass energies in full phase space as well as in restricted phase space with the shifted Gompertz distribution, a detailed analysis of the normalized and factorial moments is reported here. A two-component model in which probability distribution function is obtained from the superposition of two shifted Gompertz distributions introduced in our earlier work has also been used for the analysis. This is the first analysis of the moments with the shifted Gompertz distribution. Analysis has also been done to predict the moments of multiplicity distribution for the electron-positron collisions at c.m. energy of 500 GeV at a future Collider.


This study sought to evaluate the effect of economic factors on financial performance of the petroleum firms in Kenya. The study used the causal research study design with a census of the subjects. Causal studies are concerned with learning how one variable produces changes in another. The target population was 50 petroleum firms in the industry up to the year 2018 operating along Nakuru-Nairobi. This was also the accessible population which represented 100% of all the 50 the firms targeted in this study. The study conducted a census of all the 50 petroleum firms. The researcher used close-ended questionnaires as the main primary data collection tool.  The secondary data was collected from the audited financial statements of the petroleum firms selected from the period 2011 up to 2018. The collected data was coded and cleaned before inputting it into the SPSS program version 21.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was employed in analyzing quantitative data and qualitative data was taken through content analysis and then organized into narratives. The study found out that oil price control had significant positive relationship with financial performance of the petroleum firms in Kenya; level of inflation had significant negative relationship with financial performance of the petroleum firms in Kenya; bank interest rate had significant negative relationship with financial performance of the petroleum firms in Kenya and global oil prices had significant negative relationship with financial performance of the petroleum firms in Kenya. The study recommended that CBK should come up with policies that regulate the banks interest rates to regulate them from arbitrarily increasing their interest rates; firms need to have strategies put in place to mitigate uncertainties in the interest rates; ERC need to come up with proper policies to curb the issue of inflated fuel prices and the government of Kenya should try to control inflation to avoid extreme inflation rates which negatively impact the petroleum firms and in turn affect the country's economy. The study recommended further study to be done on other factors that affect the petroleum firms in Kenya other than economic such as government legislations and globalization. It further recommended replication of similar study in other countries to allow comparison and generalization of the study findings. Keywords : Company Performance,  Earnings per share, Energy Regulation Commission, Oil Marketing Company, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries,  Price Regulation, Return on Equity and Sales growth.


The decision to adopt ecodesign process in companies raises some difficulties highlighted by many authors. Actually, ecodesign integration strategies, notably the SME's, are mostly intuitive and unconscious. Consequently, it appears important to investigate mechanisms that can assist to monitor environment into product's design. Particularly, this research will be focused on studying some models of trajectories characterizing most of the pioneering companies in this area. In this outlook, the research will consider some requirements to reveal such models of trajectories. A survey will be addressed to approximately 100 experts (consultants, researchers, and institutional managers) based in France, to elucidate those requirements according to the following steps: The need to record initial motivations to integrate ecodesign and barriers found to allow improvements. The need to detect action drivers for efficient long-term distribution of efforts. The need to define evaluation factors of environmental performance levels. The intermediate results will allow proposing several generic integration trajectories that will be briefly explained in the end of the paper.


Joob B. Editorial: A non - medical case as a medical case study. Case Study Case Rep. 2019; 9(1): 1 - 3.

ABSTRACT

Medical case study is a useful medical article that can be the resource and lesson learnt for the readers. A good case study is usually valuable and useful for clinical practitioner. The clinical case study is usually derived from good clinical case scenario. Nevertheless, the clinical case study is sometimes based on the non - medical case scenario. In this editorial, a non – medical case as a medical case study is specifically discussed. The clinical practitioners should not forget the important of non – medical case scenario seen in their daily practice. If a clinical practitioner get an interesting experience on non – medical case scenario, the practitioner should report and share experience on that case in the case study and case report journal.

Full text available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1T4MnLynrtxddAn9LSWRRG__kcfGvKybj/view


Epidemics of a biological and technological nature pervade modern life. For centuries, scientific research focused on biological epidemics, with simple compartmental epidemiological models emerging as the dominant explanatory paradigm. Yet there has been limited translation of this effort to explain internet-based spreading phenomena. Indeed, single-epidemic models are inadequate to explain the multimodal nature of complex phenomena. In this paper we propose a novel paradigm for modelling internet-based spreading phenomena based on the composition of multiple compartmental epidemiological models. Our approach is inspired by Fourier analysis, but rather than trigonometric wave forms, our components are compartmental epidemiological models. We show results on simulated multiple epidemic data, swine flu data and BitTorrent downloads of a popular music artist. Our technique can characterise these multimodal data sets utilising a parsimonous number of subepidemic models.


e14630 Background: In patients with unilateral liver tumors who are candidates for extended liver resection but demonstrate insufficient future liver remnant (FLR) size, induction of FLR hypertroph...


Increasingly, within the domains of film studies, art history, and cultural and communication studies, the role of national identity as a component of visual analysis has become paramount. The work of Timothy Barringer, Robert Burgoyne, David Peters Corbett, Darrell William Davis, Nicholas Mirzoeff, Sarah Street, and Janet Wolff, amongst others, has demonstrated the importance of including, for example, ideas of "Americanness" or "Englishness" in the discussion of painting, photography, and cinema. 1 The purpose of this issue of Invisible Culture, therefore, is to investigate how visual culture can be analyzed as an expression of national identity, including how questions of national identity are negotiated through different forms of visual culture. Visual culture, in this context, is understood not as a mirror that reflects national identity, but rather a complex venue for its interpretation – a site through which populations come into consciousness as members of a particular community.


The ephemeral nature of religious practices and rituals makes them challenging to trace in the archaeological record of Late Neolithic hunter-gatherer communities in central and eastern Europe. A ritual feature with Bell Beaker elements discovered in north-eastern Poland, a region occupied by hunter-gatherer groups of the Neman cultural circle, is thus exceptional. Its syncretic character indicates its role as a harbinger of wider cultural change that led to the emergence in this region of the western group of the Bronze Age Trzciniec cultural circle.


In 2016, the Internet Society (https://www.internetsociety.org/) launched a project to take stock of the key forces of change that could impact the future of the Internet and engage a broad community of its members, chapters, experts and partners; thus, they conducted two global surveys that generated more than 2,500 responses from 160 countries and economies, and in addition, they interviewed more than 130 Internet experts and hosted 10 virtual roundtables. Throughout the project, the organization reaffirmed the importance of three issue areas that will likely be significantly impacted in the future: digital divides; personal freedoms and rights; and media and society, hence, core areas for the community in its focus on putting the user at the forefront when considering the future of the Internet.


This study presents a novel apprenticeship learning method to enable a learner to utilize demonstrations observed in an incompatible feature space. It is assumed that an expert and a learner follow non-identical Markov decision processes (MDPs), and a mapping function is estimated to obtain feature expectation of the demonstrations in an agent space. A conditional density estimation technique is used to represent the feature expectation in closed-form. The proposed method is useful because it is expected to alleviate intractable processes to explicitly specify correspondence of heterogeneous MDPs for apprenticeship learning. Additionally, the method does not require any sampling method to approximate integrals over an agent feature space. A simulation is used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method in three domains in which it is not possible to directly compare the features of the expert and learner.


This study is a follow-up to that of Craig and Washington (1994) and probes further their finding of a potential positive relationship between amounts of African-American English (AAE) and linguistic complexity in the discourse of young, poor, urban African-American boys and girls. The present study used the earlier outcomes to predict a statistically significant positive relationship between AAE form use and relational semantic complexity, and nonsignificant correlations for simpler semantic relations. Findings confirmed these predictions and are interpreted as support for the continuity hypothesis proposed by Terrell and Terrell (1993).


There are plenty of researches about EI which have focused on EI and strategic decision making, management capabilities, transformational leadership, managerial traits, personality dimensions. This chapter is putting forth the relationship between EI and managing conflict by theoretical research. In the chapter the authors firstly reiterated the theoretical studies, state the necessity of having high level of EI for accomplishing the decision making process and discuss the relationship between EI, managers and managing conflict. To conclude, the authors state that managers having high EI can understand and evaluate the conflicts among employees and encourage their followers in struggling; with comparison to the ones having low EI. Burcu Hacioğlu Society for the Study of Business and Finance, Turkey Ümit Hacıoğlu Istanbul Medipol University, Turkey Hasan Dinçer Istanbul Medipol University, Turkey Pelin Şahin Yarbağ Beykent University, Turkey Türker Tuğsal Beykent University, Turkey


Air conditioning of buildings is responsible for a large percentage of the greenhouse and ozone depletion effect, as refrigerant harmful gases are released into the atmosphere from conventional cooling systems. The vapor compression refrigeration is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air-conditioning of buildings. On the other hand, solar thermal energy can be used to efficiently cool in the summer. Single, double or triple iterative absorption cooling cycles are used in different solar thermal cooling system designs. Absorption chillers operate with less noise and vibration than compressor-based chillers, but their capital costs are relatively high. In this study, a system is proposed as a combination of the aforementioned systems and the power consumption is minimized using cold thermal energy storage (CTES).


This article presents the results of the first AIAA Stability and Control Prediction Workshop obtained at the U.S. Air Force Academy using the kCFD flow solver of the

${\rm{HPCMP}}\;{\rm{CREAT}}{{\rm{E}}^{{\rm{TM}}}}$

 -AV Kestrel simulation tools. The test case considered is a large-scale Common Research Model (CRM) tested at the ONERA S1MA wind tunnel at different transonic speeds and fixed lift coefficient values at zero and non-zero side-slip angles. The computational results include a grid sensitivity analysis and validation with available experimental data. In addition, the Mach number and sting effects on the predicted stability and control values of the test case are investigated. Finally, a system identification method using a regression model is developed and used for prediction of stability and control data. The regression coefficients are estimated from an input signal with varying-frequency changes in the angle-of-attack, pitch rate, and side-slip angle. Once the model was created, it was used to predict the static and dynamic aerodynamic data of the test cases. The results show that the model predictions match very well with calculated CFD data at discrete flow conditions.


Endogenous information structure is analyzed in a search model of production and exchange under qualitative uncertainty by allowing agents to invest in an inspection technology at a fixed cost where incurring a higher cost permits quality to be recognized with higher probability. In any equilibria where agents acquire information, some bad commodities are always produced. The information acquisition promotes production and exchange of good commodities. As the information problem becomes severe, money can improve welfare by economizing on information costs. In the optimal monetary equilibrium, agents adopt trading strategies which contribute to the saving of information costs.


The outcome of patients with penetrating heart injuries depends to a great extent on aggressive primary care and fast transport to the closest appropriate trauma center. There, after confirming the diagnosis, the injured victim has to be transferred without any delay to the operating room where the penetrating injury can be dealt with. The importance of resolute emergency management is shown based on a case presentation and a review of the current literature. The employment of extracorporal circulation (heart-lung machine) is rather subordinate in the primary care of these patients.


INTRODUCTION: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is widely used in patients with radiculopathy, myelopathy, or spondylosis. This patient population has a higher rate of opioid use than the general public, but dedicated studies on pre-operative ACDF opioid use have not been conducted. METHODS: The MarketScan Database was queried from 2007-2015 to identify adult patients who underwent an ACDF procedure using CPT codes. Patients were then classified into three separate cohorts based on the number of separate opioid prescriptions in the 12 months before their ACDF, excluding the 30 days immediately before their operation: (1) opioid naÏve if 0 prescriptions, (2) mild opioid use if 1-4 prescriptions, and (3) chronic opioid use if =5 prescriptions. Patients with a history of neck fracture or arthrodesis were excluded. Continuous insurance enrollment was confirmed for each patient. Short term outcomes were compared between groups, and nearest-neighbor propensity-score matching was employed to match patient cohorts across measured covariates. RESULTS: Of 81,671 ACDF patients, 31,312 (38.34%) were opioid naÏve, 30,302 (37.10%) were mild users, and 20,057 (24.56%) were chronic users. At baseline, chronic opioid users had more comorbidities than patients with less frequent opioid use (mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI): 2.06; SD (2.06) vs. opioid naÏve mean CCI: 1.77; SD (1.79)). Chronic opioid users had higher rates of post-operative complications than mild and non-users (p < 0.0001), and higher rates of readmission and reoperation. After matching opioid naÏve vs. chronic opioid users along demographic, comorbidity, and intra-operative characteristics, post-operative complications remained elevated for chronic opioid users relative to opioid naÏve patients (9.13% vs. 5.29%; p < 0.0001). Rates of readmission and reoperation also remained higher for chronic opioid patients, as did inpatient costs. CONCLUSION: Chronic opioid users had longer hospitalizations and higher rates of post-operative complication, readmission, and reoperation, on average, than mild opioid and opioid naÏve users. After balancing patients across observed covariates, including comorbidity burden, the outcome differences persisted, suggesting a durable association between pre-operative opioid use and negative post-operative outcomes.


In order to define the chromosome from rye in N9436-0-2-29-9,wheat-rye derivative line was identified by morphological,cytological,biochemical and molecular marker method.It was showed in agronomic characters that it was stable morphologically and high resistant to powdery mildew.By analysis of cytology,it was displayed that its configuration was 2n=44=22Ⅱ.Through Giemsa C-banding and simple sequence repeat(SSR),this line was identified 6R alien disomic additional line.Finally by high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit(HMW-GS),it was analyzed that introduction of alien chromosome affected the composition of HMW-GS.


As the stable operation in coal production is threaten by many kinds of safety accidents seriously, doing research on emergency knowledge in the field of coal mine safety production can provide several for emergency decision, which is of great importance. This paper designed and developed coal mine emergency case ontology model in order to solve problem of case knowledge sharing and semantic conflicts in the coal mine emergency field. Lastly, this paper constructed coal mine emergency case description based on ontology, taking the Sunjiawan coal mine "2.14" gas explosion accident in Liaoning province as an example. Keywords-coal mine emergency case; ontology; knowledge sharing


Introduction: When it affects the uterus, a hidden organ but associated with a very intense fantasy, cancer can upset a woman's body image and call into question her feminine identity and her relationship as a couple. Objectives: The aim of this work was to research the prevalence of the problem of the image of the body in women followed for uterine cancer as well as the factors associated with it. Patients: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study of one hundred patients treated for uterine cancer. We passed the BIS scale to these patients. Result: We noted that 40% of patients had body image disturbances. The mean BIS score was 12.03 with extremes ranging from 0 to 30 with a standard deviation of 7,88. In univariate analysis, the absence of family support, the deterioration of the couple relationship and the sexual relationship significantly increased the prevalence of body image désordres. Poor tolerance of utero-vaginal surgery and brachytherapy also significantly increased the prevalence of these disorders. In multivariate analysis, low socioeconomic status was the independent protective factor for body image disorder. Conclusion: Preventive strategies aimed at maintaining a positive body image in these women should be undertaken.


The research concerning intensive programs in general has yielded conflicting results and as such, whether or not such time-shortened courses are effective in achieving their learning objectives is a matter of controversy. This study hopes to contribute to the current body of research available and perhaps aid in clearing the uncertainty surrounding such compact programs in a foreign language context by evaluating the effectiveness of one IEP at an English-medium university in Lebanon through the construct of vocabulary size. The vocabulary size of 100 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners enrolled in an Intensive English Program (IEP) was measured pre and post instruction using the New Vocabulary Levels test (NVLT). Test results were examined and compared using a dependent samples t-test to determine the effectiveness of the IEP in improving students' vocabulary size. Results revealed that across the NVLT's 6 receptive vocabulary lists (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 most frequent words in addition to the Academic Word List), students showed a statistically significant improvement on the post test (p=0.000< 0.05), endorsing the effectiveness of IEP in a foreign language context in enhancing students' receptive vocabulary size. This study concludes with practical implications for EFL IEP teachers and syllabus designers.


The paper aims to review the trend and factors of regional difference of intensity of carbon emission in China and give data for government policy. Using the cross-provincial carbon emission data between 1995 and 2012,it analyzes the difference and factors of regional intensity of carbon emission in China based on the descriptive statistics and regional convergence test. The results are as follows:there exist great differences in the intensity of carbon emission in four regions in China,the intensity of carbon emission is relatively high in the central and western regions, and the difference is relatively great among the provinces of the central region;as far as the differentiation coefficient is concerned,the regional difference of intensity of carbon emission isn't diminishing; there exist σ convergence, absolute convergence and conditional convergence in the interregional intensity of carbon emission in China;the level of economic development plays a positive role in the fall in intensity of carbon emission while the industrialization plays an inhibiting role;and the key is to restrict the development of industries with high energy consumption and emission and adjust the heavy and chemical industry-oriented industrial structure to achieve the aim of intensity of carbon emission in China.


We detected carboxymethyl cellulase activity in a crude extract of Acetobacter xylinum KU-1. The enzyme activity was detected when glycerol, d-fructose, d-mannitol, d-glucose, d-arabitol, d-sorbitol, or carboxymethyl cellulose was used as a carbon source. The optimum pH was found to be 4.0, while the optimum temperature was 50°C. The enzyme activity was inhibited characteristically by the addition of Hg2+.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is to dehydrate the compound of formula (A) 3, (Bs) formula 2 compounds were separated into individual stereoisomers, (C) a compound of formula 2 with a pharmaceutically the novel method of manufacturing converted to acid addition salts acceptable, or (D) a compound of formula 2, including the conversion to non-salt form of the acid addition salts of formula 2. And dewatering the formula (A) 3 of the compound, hydrogenated compound of formula (B) 2 to give a diastereomeric mixture of formula 1, (C) the diastereomeric mixture of the individual stereoisomers or their mixture was separated, the formula 1, including conversion to non-salt form of (D) formula 1 compound was converted into pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt, or (E) formula 1 acid addition salt a process for the preparation of the compounds. The present invention also provides novel compounds of Formula 3 and a method for producing the same. Compounds or reaction mixtures thereof of the formula (2 and 1) is a potent 5-HT


Two series of amido type liquid crystalline crown ethers were synthesized using the intermediates of 4-[4'-(n-alkoxyl) biphenyl-4-carboxyllbenzoic acid, diaminodibenzo-18-crown-6 and diaminodibenzo-14-crown-4. Their structures and properties were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, IR, MALDI-TOF-MS, DSC and polarizing optical microscopy with a heating stage. For compounds 4Ⅰ,4Ⅱ, 6Ⅰ and 6Ⅱ, both melting point T(subscript m) and isotropization temperature T(subscript i) were decreased with the increase of the carbon numbers in the end alkoxy groups. However, the smectic phase temperature range was increased gradually.


A systematic study was performed to determine the odorants contributing to the warmed-over flavor (WOF) of cooked beef patties. The most potent odorants of the freshly cooked patties and of the cooked, refrigerated and reheated patties showing WOF were screened by dilution experiments. Eleven odorants were selected for quantification by stable isotope dilution assays. Three aroma models were prepared on the basis of the results. A sensory comparison of the models indicated that WOF was the result of a combination of a loss of desirable odorants, e.g. 4-hy-droxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone and 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone, along with an increase in lipid peroxidation products, in particular n-hexanal and trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal.


Works in the genre of short stories about miracles take a significant place among the total amount of material «The Kursk Diocesan Gazette». The article is based on an analysis of specific such texts. The study short stories about Christian miracles will contribute to building a coherent system of ideas about the spiritual life of Russian province and comprehensive understanding the phenomenon of cultural life in Russia as spiritual literary tradition


A cosmetic composition of oriental medicine for atopic dermatitis is provided to relieve itch and inflammation using mixed herb extracts. A cosmetic composition of oriental medicine for atopic dermatitis comprises propylene glycol or alcohol extract of mixed herb medicine. The mixed herb medicine comprises xanthium strumarium, lonicerae Flos, picrasma quassioides, artemisia capillaris Thunb, and leave of Perilla silokiana in a weight ratio of 1-3:1-3:1-3:1-3:1-3. The xanthium strumarium is propylene glycol extracts. The lonicerae Flos, picrasma quassioides, artemisia capillaris Thunb, and leave of Perilla silokiana is alcohol extract. The composition is used in an external skin preparation for atopic dermatitis or cosmetic material for atopic dermatitis.


Anemia is one of the contributing conditions that cause maternal mortality in Indonesia. The Indonesian Ministry of Health try to reduce it through an antenatal care program conducted at public health center, with several indicators including iron supplementation and antenatal counseling. This study was conducted to find out the relationship between iron supplementation and antenatal counseling to iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy. This study was a correlative study with cross sectional approach carried out in February until June 2018. The population was 1,285 pregnant women with 102 samples recruited using purposive sampling technique. Blood hemoglobin levels were examined using Hb Meter. Data collection were carried out through guided interviews. Data analysis was done using Chi-Square Test. The implementation of iron supplementation and antenatal counseling was implemented comprehensively (51.0%; 64.7% respectively). This study showed that there was a relationship between iron supplementation and iron deficiency anemia (0.000) and there was no relationship between antenatal counseling and iron deficiency anemia (0.249). It is recommended to all antenatal providers to improve the service provided, especially the iron supplementation that accompanied by giving information through antenatal counseling, so the high maternal mortality rates due to iron deficiency anemia can be treated immediately.


At the undergraduate level, many students who enter computer science change majors within their first year. There are a multitude of intrapersonal reasons to explain why students choose to leave the field of computer science, such as lack of confidence, a misconception or disinterest in computing, minimal collaboration, and lack of a proper support system (Gordon, 2016). In addition, some universities focus on theoretical computer science to the detrimental exclusion of practical aspects. SparkDev, a 9-week development program, aims to resolve these issues that students face. In this program, students are given the tools, resources and community to build projects with emerging technologies within areas such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, cyber security and mobile development.


Two historical metaphors about the problem of action's meaning This paper describes two broader tendencies about the sociological problem of action's meaning. They can be better explained using two intuitive metaphors. The first one is "the mind like a computer", and the second one is "the world like a text". The paper shows, in a general approach, the basic postulates of each tendency and their main ontological, epistemological and methodological weaknesses. Then, it will show the implicit convergences, illustrated with three main theoretical flaws: dualism, atomism, and holism. The paper stresses the importance of interdisciplinary research, including the so-called biosocial sciences, to override these flaws.


Americans, as the 2004 presidential campaign makes vivid, still don't know just what to think about the Vietnam War, military service in it, and protest against it. John Kerry thought it improper to convert his social privilege into an exemption from fighting in Vietnam, which he could have easily done. He came home a decorated veteran, but also a bitter foe of the war. Kerry has advertised both his participation in and opposition to the war as expressions of an electable patriotism that combines duty to country with duty to conscience. Yet even he, the "war hero," has struggled to shake the "soft on defense" label by virtue of having spoken out against a war that most Americans came to regard as a mistake. President Bush, by contrast, avoided active duty in Vietnam by means of a posh assignment in the Texas Air National Guard. Yet Bush claims to be the quintessential war president, resolved to keep America safe by being tough with its enemies in ways his purportedly feckless rival would not. The election will be, in part, a referendum on war and peace, biography and image-craft as they relate to Vietnam. Into this partisan welter of images, impressions, and spin steps Michael Foley and his admirable book Confronting the War Machine: Draft Resistance During the Vietnam War. Foley is part of a new generation of American historians, ably displayed in the John McMillian's and Paul Buhle's edited volume The New Left Revisited (2003), who were too young to have experienced the 1960s but who have made making sense of them their mission. Foley's particular calling has been at once to rescue, rehabilitate, and even redeem a vital part of '60s protest: draft resistance, broadly defined as publicly refusing induction and aiding others in defying the draft. Rescue, because textbooks, synthetic works on the '60s, and even studies of the antiwar movement typically grant draft resistance little attention and even littler understanding. Yet draft resistance potentially imperiled the actual prosecution of the war and dramatized opposition to it ways few other forms of protest did. Rehabilitate, because the memory of draft resistance has come


Weak Raman bands are often covered by pronounced background signals due to fluorescence or Rayleigh scattering. Several techniques to separate Raman lines from the background are known. In this paper, diode laser based light sources will be presented suitable for shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS). The two wavelengths are realized by varying the injection current, by addressing two micro-integrated ECLs or by temperature tuning. Due to the freedom of choice in the wavelengths using diode lasers, the emission wavelength can be selected with respect to the addressed application (e.g. the required penetration depth) or the plasmonic resonances of the substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Devices were developed for the wavelengths 488 nm, 671 nm, and 785 nm. The two emission wavelengths each were selected to have a spectral distance of 10 cm-1 according to the typical width of Raman lines of solid or liquid samples. Output powers between 20 mW for the shorter wavelength devices and 200 mW for the red emitting lasers were achieved at electrical power consumptions below 1 W. With a footprint of only 25 x 25 mm2 including all collimation and filter elements, these devices are well suited for portable applications. The diode lasers were implemented into Raman measurement systems. The SERDS signal-to-background ratio was improved by several orders of magnitude.


Asian Economic Papers 13:3 © 2014 The Earth Institute, Columbia University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology doi:10.1162/ASEP_a_00293 Chun Chien Kuo: The trade between China and ASEAN countries has increased tremendously since the formation of the ASEAN–China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). China became the top trading partner of ASEAN in 2011. There is plenty of literature that explores the impact of ACFTA on ASEAN–China trade, although the andings are inconsistent compared with the key andings in UNESCAP (2011). This paper re-examines the impact of ACFTA on ASEAN's exports to China in parts and components (P&C) and anal manufactured products by analyzing the trend in trade in both of these goods from 1999 to 2011, calculating the margin of preference (MOP) for P&C and anal goods under ACFTA, and testing the impact of tariff liberalization in the ACFTA on ASEAN's exports of P&C and anal goods to China. This study adopts an augmented gravity model and uses an unbalanced panel regression of ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) over time (from 1999 to 2011) to estimate the impacts of tariff liberation, FDI, and ACFTA on ASEAN-5 exports to China. The main andings in this paper indicate that the ACFTA has a greater impact on anal goods exports compared with the P&C exports from the ASEAN-5 to China. Moreover, third-country demand for the anal goods produced in China with imported P&C plays a relatively important role in ASEAN's P&C exports to China.


Seismic stratigraphic techniques permit identification of Upper Triassic, Jurassic, and Lower Cretaceous sequences in strata from the North American Gulf Coast and West Africa. Several distinct sequences are remarkably persistent from the Florida panhandle, around the perimeter of the Gulf Coast and into northern Mexico, a distance of more than 1,500 mi (2,400 km). Their identification requires the integration of seismic data with lithologic, environmental-facies, biostratigraphic, radiometric, and well-log information. A comparison with strata of comparable age offshore West Africa indicates the same sequences can be recognized there. The sequences in North America and Africa are interpreted to be controlled by global changes of sea level because they occupy the same tim -stratigraphic positions and display coastal onlap patterns similar to those previously recognized elsewhere. Gulf Coast seismic sequences and the formations present within them are: (1) Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic (Hettangian?)--Eagle Mills Formation; (2) Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian through Toarcian)--known only from southern Mexico and not identified in the study area; (3) Middle Jurassic (Bajocian-Bathonian)--Werner anhydrite-Louann Salt interval; (4) upper Middle Jurassic (Callovian)--Norphlet Formation; (5) Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian)--Smackover-Buckner-Gilmer (Haynesville) Formations; (6) Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous (Tithonian-Berriasian)--most of the Cotton Valley Group; and (7) Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian)--a restricted sedimentary wedge seen only in a basinward position. West African seismic sequences are: (1) Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic (Hettangian?); (2) Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian through Toarcian); (3) Middle Jurassic (Bajocian); (4) Middle Jurassic (Bathonian); (5) Middle Jurassic (Callovian); (6) Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian); (7) Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous (Tithonian-Berriasian); and (8) Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian).


spectrometry the on the Murchison meteorite to the relationship between spatial distribution of compounds fragment of the Murchison meteorite (CM2) (~ a few mm) by chipping embedded in indium (In). The DESI-HRMS imaging was performed using a DESI ion source (Omni Spray 2-D, Presolia) equipped with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Q-Exactive Plus, Thermo Scientific) with mass resolution of ~140,000 at m/z 200. Methanol (LC-MS grade) was sprayed on the sample surface with a 1 or 2 μl/min flow rate. The spatial resolution was approximately 100 μm. FESEM-EDS analysis was also carried out without coating and polishing after the DESI-HRMS imaging. The surface of the Murchison meteorite fragment embedded in indium was also extracted with MeOH, and the resulting applied for HPLC-HRMS to obtain chemical structural information on the organic compounds. Results Discussion: Alkylated homologues of C n H 2n–1 N 2+ (n = 7–9) and C n H 2n NO + (n = 9–14) were detected on the sample surface by the DESI-HRMS imaging. HPLC/HRMS analysis of MeOH extracts from the sample surface after the DESI/HRMS imaging indicated that the C n H 2n–1 N 2 + homologues correspond to alkylimidazole, and that a few structural isomers of the C n H 2n NO + homologues were present in the sample.The alkylimidazoles and C n H 2n NO + homologues displayed different spatial distributions in the Murchison fragment. Moreover, the distribution pattern of compounds also different among the same homologues. These results may be due to the separation of isomers by similar chromatographic effects, or different synthetic pathways. The alkylimidazoles and C n H 2n NO + homologues are mainly distributed in the matrix region of the Murchison by mineralogical observations, which is consistent with previous reports. Altered minerals (e.g., Fe-oxide, Fe-sulfide, and carbonates) occurred in this region. However, no clear relationship was found between these minerals and the organic compounds detected by DESI/HRMS imaging. Although this result might be due to scale differences between the spatial resolution of DESI-HRMS imaging and the grain size in the matrix of the Murchison, our results would indicate that alkylimidazoles and the C n H 2n NO + homologues in the Murchison fragment were mainly synthesized by different processes from hydrothermal alteration on the parent body.


Diagnostic examinations through analog and numerical images are today the main method of diagnosing various diseases. Numerical images can be obtained with different methods depending on the technique used. Basically, any technique of obtaining medical images is nothing but the connection of a physical process of interaction of radiation with the subject / environment and with the help of the computer, these processes became visible through numerical images. Given the nature of the physical phenomena used and the lack of perfection of detection systems, the result is not perfect but is an estimate/price of "true value" which remains unattainable. Adding to this the human error during a medical examination, the patient's movements, etc., can flow very important artifacts, which must first be understood and analyzed and then using numerical methods, to correct them in the final version of the numerical image. This paper analyzes some numerical methods of numerical image correction such as interpolation and convolution, implemented in MATLAB program. In particular the interpolation technique is applied using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), feedforward.


A plasmid containing transposon Tn3 is immune to further, insertions of Tn3. This phenomenon works in cis andis referred to as transposition immunity.We have used-the ability of Tn3 to form cointegrates between two plasmids to develop a quantitative assay to detect-transposition immunity. Presence of Tn3 on both the plasmids reduces the cointegration frequency to less than 1/100 of parental. Using this assay, we have determined that4i) tnpR is not required for immunity, (ii) only the terminal 38 base pairs of Tn3 need be present to confer immunity, and (iii) other parts of Tn3 appear not to confer immunity. TnJ is a 4,957-bawe-pair. (bp) transposon that encodes at least three genes and is terminated by 38-bp inverted repeats. It belongs to a family of transposons that are related to Tn3 and share several structural features with it. Terminal repeats of these transposons are 35-40 bp long and the repeats of the members of this group share sequence homology. They transpose by a . two-step mechanism and encode related genes that are essential for transposition. In the first step of transposition a cointegrate between the donor and the recipient molecule is formed. In the second step a site-specific recombination process resolves the cointegrate (see refs. 1 and 2 for a review of Tn3). Many members of the Tn3 family display a phenomenon referred to as transposition immunity. The frequency of Tn3 transposition to a plasmid is reduced when the recipient plasmid also contains a copy of Tn3 (3). Thus a plasmid carrying Tn3 is said to be immune to further insertions of Tn3. However, a plasmid that contains one transposon of the Tn3 group need not be immune to other members. For example, plasmids containing Tn3 do not appear to be immune to Tn501 insertion, and the same appears to hold for Tn3 insertion in a plasmid carrying Tn501 (4). On the other hand, Tn501 displays cross-immunity with Tnl 721 (R. Schmitt, A. Hansman, and P. Bennett, personal communication). Wallace et al. (5) have examined several deletion derivatives of Tn3 for immunity and have concluded that a sequence between nucleotides 250 and 724 from the left end of Tn3 is required for immunity. They have also isolated a Tn3 mutant that overcomes immunity and have found that it maps in tnpR (6). We have reexamined these questions by using a simpler genetic system. and have arrived at strikingly different conclusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial Strains and Plasmids. Escherichia coli strain JE5519 (F-, recA-, aroD-, argH-, lac-, man-, gal-; and resistant to streptomycin and spectinomycin) carrying pHS1::Tn3-#5 (7) was obtained from E. Ohtsubo. KL16 (Hfr, thi-; A-, lac, streptomycin-sensitive) is from our strain collection. Plasmids pMB8 and pACYC184 have been described (8, 9). EcoRI linker cmutants (#5, #67, and #93)-of RSF1050 have been described by Heffron et-al. (10). Enzymes and Chemicals..Restrictiofr enzymes and bacteriophage T4 DNA-ligase.were purchased from New England BioLabs. E. coli DNA polymerase I and the Klenow fragment were supplied by Bethesda Research Laboratories. Bacteriophage T4 polynucleotide kinase was obtained from P-L Biochemicals. Calf intestine alkaline phosphatase was-purchased from Boehringer Mannheim. Deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides were obtained from Sigma. a-32P-labeled deoxyribonucleotides and adenosine [y-5P]triphosphate were supplied by Amersham. Transposition Immunity Assay. Transposition immunity was quantitated by the cointegration assay developed by Ohtsubo et al. (11) and McCormick et al. (7). A temperature-sensitive donor plasmid, pHS1, carrying Tn3-#5 is introduced into the same cell with a recipient plasmid. The EcoRI linker insertion #5 makes Tn3 tnpR(10) and thus cointegrates formed in the transposition are not resolved. Selection at 420C for tetracycline resistance carried by the temperature-sensitive plasmid kills all cells except those containing cointegrates between the donor and the recipient plasmids. The cointegration frequencies were determined by using the Luria-Delbrfick fluctuation test equation (12). Due to the statistical nature of this test the assay was repeated several times for each recipient plasmid and the results were used to calculate the cointegration frequency. The fluctuation within the data of most plasmids was such that only differences in cointegration frequencies of greater than 5fold between different plasmids were considered significant. Construction of Tn3-#5 Insertions in pACYC184. Cointegrates between pHS1::Tnu3-#5 and pACYC184 were selected by plating cells containing these two plasmids on ampicillin plates at 42TC. Several thousand colonies from these plates were pooled and grown up, and plasmid DNA was extracted. This DNA was used to transform KL16, an E. coli strain that carries a copy of yO in the chromosome and hence is able to resolve cointegrates. Transformants were selected for chloramphenicol resistance and ampicillin resistance at 420C. Colonies were screened for tetracycline resistance and the Tn3 insertions within several tetracycline-sensitive derivatives were mapped. DNA Synthesis. Two complementary DNA fragments were synthesized, one of 30 nucleotides and the other 15 nucleotides, by using the phosphite triester chemistry on an automated machine by Biosearch (San Rafael, CA). The 30-mer was a generous gift from Biosearch. We thank F. Tamanoi for synthesizing the 15-mer. Abbreviation: bp, base pair(s). * Present address: Department of Pathology, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46223. t Present address: Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037. 6765 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in partby page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. D ow nl oa de d by g ue st o n Ju ly 1 0, 2 02 0 Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA 80 (1983) Isolation of Independent Cointegrates. Cells containing pHS1::Tn3-#5 were transformed with pACYC184 or pLB113. A transformant from each was grown overnight at 30'C in LB medium containing chloramphenicol at 20 ,ug/ml, ampicillin at 20 ,ug/ml, and tetracycline at 5 pg/ml. The cultures were diluted 1:2 x 108 in the same medium, divided into 0.2-ml aliquots, and incubated at 30'C for 36 hr. Typically about half the cultures showed growth. Then 0.5 /1 (for pACYC184) or 10 ul (for pLB113) of each culture was plated on LB medium containing chloramphenicol at 50 tkg/ml, ampicillin at 50 ,ug/ml, and tetracycline at 10 ,ug/ml and incubated at 420C. Only one colony from each plate was picked and grown at 370C or above.


Hyperactivation of microglia is the important pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Being naturally occurring compound, phytic acid (PA) has been found to exert anti-inflammatory effect in MPTP-induced parkinson's disease model of mice, but mechanism needed to be further investigated. In our study, BV-2 microglia were cultured and induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic inflammation models to testify the phytic acid's effect on neuroinflammation. Methods: BV-2 microglia were cultured in vitro. After pretreatment with different doses of PA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added to induce the activation of BV-2 microglia. The cell survival rate was detected by MTT colorimetry, the NO release of microglia was measured by Griess assay, and the concentration of IL-6 in supernatant of cell culture was detected by ELISA assay. DAPI staining was used to detect the changes of apoptosis of activated BV-2 microglia before and after phytic acid treatment. Results: Phytic acid could inhibit the production of NO and IL-6 in BV-2 microglia activated by LPS, and block the excessive activation of BV-2 microglia stimulated by LPS. At the same time, it can promote the apoptosis of over-activated microglia. Therefore, phytic acid may play a potential role on prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with its inhibition on microglial activation.


Hakka ancestors and the She nationality ancestors lived at the junction of Jiangxi,Fujian and Guangdong mountains.Singing folk songs are an important means of Hakka residents and the residents to express their thoughts and feelings. There are some differences between Hakka hill songs and folk songs of the She nationality. The comparative study has great significance to promote the protection,inheritance and development of them.


On the grounds of the comparative study of children with deviations in psychic and speech development and children with a normal development level, there was revealed influence of a complex of perinatal risk factors and a level of somatic health on formation of disorders in psychospeech development at preschool age. The most significant risk factors were: mother's acute and chronic diseases, abortion threat, birth injury and spinal deficiency, mother's alcoholization during pregnancy. Children with psychic development delay in comparison with children with speech pahology had more serious aggravation by risk factors which influence psychic and somatic health.