Red Claw Crab (Chiromancers haematocheir) requires a different habitat in each stage of their life cycle; estuary area at larval stage before metamorphosis, then forest during maturing and matured stages. Using this crab as an ecological indicator, suitability of landscape element types in urban park as wildlife habitat was evaluated. Results showed; 1) spaces in and along an artificial stream were favored by the crab, which were located along a forest edge, while bare ground was disfavored, 2) in the forest, holes of stonewall were selectively used, 3) in the artificial stream, areas shaded by planted grasses and stones were preferred, and 4) at a time for larva spawning, a place with an old type stonewall, which has many large holes and vegetation, was selectively used. Water supply by the artificial stream and climate mitigation by the forest were essential functions for supporting the life of these crabs. Even in manmade structures for amenity, such as stream, stonewall, planted grasses and rocks, they successfully make use of such habitats. Therefore, it is evident that manmade structures can be designed multi-functionally for satisfying demands as habitat for wildlife and for the amenity of urban dwellers.


Quantum networks are used to transmit and process information by using the phenomena of quantum mechanics. Quantum states are prepared in some way that can be repeated and neighboring nodes of the network can be entangled to improve quantum information processing. Protocols are designed to optimize the probability that two distant nodes in the network are maximally entangled [5]. A protocol called entanglement swapping, was introduced to two dimensional quantum networks with much success [1]. By using measurements described by projective operators onto the Bell basis, it was shown that in large one dimensional networks the probability of entangling and converting two distant nodes into a singlet exponentially decreases with the number of stations [5]. In this paper, we introduce notation and a bit of linear algebra to set up the frame work of quantum mechanics in the setting of quantum information and quantum computation. Then we describe the protocol of entanglement swapping with a explicit example using the Bell basis. Next we consider entanglement swapping using an arbitrary basis and show decaying bounds of the singlet conversion probability (SCP). Date: December 17, 2009. 1 2 SCOTT HOTTOVY


The aim of this research is to study and enhance the applications of most profitable technology in cloud computing ever "Virtualization". Back then, a 15 years before, nobody knows about the technology named cloud computing exists. But now, every technology such as personal computer, mobile phone, tablet PC, even televisions rely on cloud computing. Cloud computing helps greatly in reducing costs, scalability and flexibility in computer services. Virtualization is the technology that helps cloud computing to emerge in a large profitable level. Using virtualization (such as server, network and storage virtualization technologies), the resource cost is reduced in great level.


The technology of Intelligence agent is an application of artificial intelligence, as well as a hot topic of the IT circle. A new system architecture related to intelligent agent technology is proposed based on the characteristics of cloud computing. The architecture is divided into four layers: user layer, agent layer, application layer and data layer. The paper analyses the key technology of intelligent agent, and describes the systematical structures of the agent layer and the procedures of intelligent agent. Thus, Communication between platforms in the system is achieved by unifying the access ports of the data layer, and introducing the communication middleware. Increasing Researches and studies on its application in digital library show that the architecture bears a number of features such as independence, openness and intelligence.


A new method is introduced to analyze arbitrary Longitudinally Inhomogeneous Waveguides (LIWs). In this method, the integral equations of the LIWs, converted from their differential equations, are solved using the method of moments (MOM). It is assumed that the electric permittivity function is known at all or only at some points along the length of LIWs. The validity of the method is verified using a comprehensive example.


The traditional approach to investigating near misses or incidents frequently results in fault finding and the creation of a blame culture. Often these by-products of an investigation mask underlying systemic issues and in reality, they do not prevent future incidents. New theories on incident investigation embraced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Energy (DOE) and National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) turn the traditional investigation upside down. The practice of Human Performance Improvement (HPI) recognizes human fallibility, while helping to identify how organizational systems influence human behavior. HPI empowers leaders to help their organizations positively influence human behavior. This paper examines a near miss event that occurred at a DOE national laboratory from an HPI perspective.The traditional approach to investigating near misses or incidents frequently results in fault finding and the creation of a blame culture. Often these by-products of an investigation mask underlying systemic issues and in reality, they do not prevent future incidents. New theories on incident investigation embraced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Energy (DOE) and National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) turn the traditional investigation upside down. The practice of Human Performance Improvement (HPI) recognizes human fallibility, while helping to identify how organizational systems influence human behavior. HPI empowers leaders to help their organizations positively influence human behavior. This paper examines a near miss event that occurred at a DOE national laboratory from an HPI perspective.


Piezoelectricity is one of the important functional properties inherent to many biomaterials. It stems from the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure of most biopolymers including proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. Understanding the relationship between the generated electric field and applied mechanical stress has become the main motivation to studying piezoelectricity in biological systems and artificial biomaterials at the nanoscale. In this work, we present a review of the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of several molecular systems and nanomaterials revealed by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) and compare the results with molecular modeling and computer simulations. Experimentally observed by PFM and calculated dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of these materials are analyzed in the context of their possible role in functionality of biological systems.


SiCp/5210 Al metal matrix composites with a high volume fraction(50%) of SiC particles were fabricated by squeeze casting method. The effect of particle size on the mechanical properties of the composites was studied. The results show that with the decreasing of particle size,the bending strength of the composites increases,while the fracture toughness of the composites decreases. The bending strength and fracture toughness of 10 μm SiCp/5210 Al metal matrix composite are 825 MPa,10.0 MPa·m1/2,and the fracture toughness of 63 μm SiCp/5210 Al metal matrix composite reaches 12.8 MPa·m1/2. The main fracture mechanism changes from particle crack to particle/matrix interface de-bonding with the decreasing of particle size.


Monitoring results of the thermophilic trace element element Li and related macrocomponents Cl and S in groundwaters from station 27 in the Kultuk polygon. The dependence of their variations on earthquakes and aftershocks of the 2020–2022 Baikal-Khubsugul reactivation is established. From Na/Li geothermometry, 234U/238U activity ratio, and 234U activity, groundwater sources in a deep reservoir with a temperature as high as 100 °C or more under crust stretching and those with a temperature as low as 8 °C under crust compression are designated. Phases of stabilization, increase and decrease in groundwater temperature are deciphered in the course of the development of a complete seismogeodynamic cycle of compression and extension of the crust.


Ajax, or AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), is a group of interrelated web development techniques used to create interactive web applications or rich Internet applications[9]. Web applications can retrieve data from the server asynchronously in the background without interfering with the display and behavior of an existing web page. [9] One of the biggest problems with Ajax applications is saving state and accommodating the succession of the history controls, (Back/forward buttons). Ajax allows documents to become stateful, but when the user intuitively goes for the history controls in the browser window, things go wrong. The user expects to see the previous state of the document and is surprised to see a webpage they were on 20 minutes ago, before they arrived at the Ajax application. Our project aims to solve this problem. We have implemented an extension to the Firefox Mozilla browser that caches different states of web pages at regular intervals and displays all the different states of the page as the user navigates through the history. Smita Periyapatna 4 05/15/2009 Total recall for Ajax applications CS298 Report


The objective of this study is to provide the research data on the actual concentrations of in Seoul subway carriages. Mean concentrations of in subway carriages were investigated at levels of , respectively. The mean concentrations in subway carriages were higher when the train ran on an underground track rather than on an above ground track. The measured concentration of particulate matter varied with the time of day and was highest in the morning, followed by noon and evening while the concentration was highest in the morning, followed by evening and noon. In relation to correlation among the pollutants: the correlation between was 0.92, and that between was 0.94. The inclusion rate of was and that of . In addition, the concentration had a positive relation with the number of people in a carriage, whereas the concentration of had negative correlation to the number of people. In relation to these two pollutants we calculated using a regression equation (34.06+0.04(ppm)-0.09 PM10(=0.30, p


Multi-layered Ce0.09Fe0.67Co3.33Sb12/FeSb2.1Te structures composed of thin equidistant layers were prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition on fused silica quartz glass substrates. The structures were prepared at different substrate temperatures (230 °C or 250 °C) applying the laser beam energy density of 3 Jcm−2. In the contribution we present some thermoelectric properties such as the in-plane electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient and the power factor for the multi-layered structures in the temperature range from 300 K to 500 K. Comparison of multi-layered structure's thermoelectric properties with single thin Ce0.09Fe0.67Co3.33Sb12 and FeSb2.1Te layers is given. A cross sectional picture of the multi-layered structure made by Scanning Electron Microscope is presented for the thicker multi-layered structure.


In this paper, we discuss the interacting hadron resonance gas model in the presence of a constant external magnetic field. The short-range repulsive interaction between hadrons are accounted through van der Waals excluded volume correction to the ideal gas pressure. We assume uniform hardcore radius $r_h=0.3$ fm for all the hadrons. We analyse the effect of uniform background magnetic field on the thermodynamic properties of interacting hadron gas. We especially discuss the effect of interactions on the behaviour of magnetization of low temperature hadronic matter. The vacuum terms have been regularized using magnetic field independent regularization scheme. We find that the magnetization of hadronic matter is positive which implies that the low temperature hadronic matter is diamagnetic. We further find that the repulsive interactions have a very negligible effect on the overall magnetization of the hadronic matter and the diamagnetic property of the hadronic phase remains unchanged. We have also investigated the effects of short range repulsive interactions as well as the magnetic field on the baryon and charge number susceptibilities of hadronic matter within ambit of excluded volume hadron resonance gas model.


Abstract The generalized connectivity, an extension of connectivity, provides a new reference for measuring the fault tolerance of networks. For any connected graph G, let S ⊆ V (G) and 2 ≤ |S| ≤ V (G); κG(S) refers to the maximum number of internally disjoint trees in G connecting S. The generalized k-connectivity of G, κk(G), is defined as the minimum value of κG(S) over all S ⊆ V (G) with |S| = k. The n-dimensional crossed cube CQn, as a hypercube-like network, is considered as an attractive alternative to hypercube network because of its many good properties. In this paper, we study the generalized 3-connectivity and the generalized 4-connectivity of CQnand obtain κ3(CQn) = κ4(CQn) = n − 1, where n ≥ 2.


A simple procedure based on the average of shifted chi-square statistics (ASCS) is proposed to improve the classical chi-square procedure for testing whether a random sample has been drawn from a specified continuous distribution. We repeatedly partition the sample space, say, ℓ times to obtain ℓ respective chi-square statistics. The proposed test statistic is defined as the average value of the resultant ℓ shifted chi-square statistics. We prove that the ASCS is asymptotically distributed as a weighted sum of a finite number of chi-square variables by the theory of U-statistics. The proposed procedure is shown to be markedly less sensitive to the choice of the anchor position and Monte Carlo experiments demonstrate that it leads to noticeable gains in power.


This article analyzes the kind of English we should teach in school under the world globalization,whether we should teach the Standard English or non-standard English. Finally,generate the discussion between teaching standard and non-standard variety of English not only in China but also other ESL and EOL countries.


This document was prepared for an effort to develop improved methods for the treatment/disposal of reactive metals. The work is being performed by Argonne National Laboratory for the US DOE Hazardous Waste Remedial Actions Program. The document represents the final report for Phase 1, Detailed Project Planning and Concept Development. It includes a detailed plan for all five phases of the project, specifically addressing the DOE-Defense Programs need, funding, selection criteria, schedule, quality assurance, etc. for each phase of the project. 11 refs., 12 figs., 4 tabs.


Objective To screen mutations in genes including ASXL1, TET2, IDH1, IDH2, SETBP1, MPL515,JAK2 exon 12 and JAK2V617in 135 polycythemia vera(PV) patients. To assess progreasson and genomics characteristics postpolycythemic myelofibrosis. Methods DNA sequencing of ASXL1(Exon12),TET2(Exons 3-11),IDH1(Exon4),IDH2(Exon4),SEPBP1(Exon4),JAK2 exon 12 and MPL515(Exon 10) genes were carried out using Sanger method. JAK2V617muta-tion was detected by allele-specific PCR in patients with PV. In the mean time, the mutation load of JAK2V617Fallele(V617F%) was evaluated by real-time PCR using Tagman MGB probe. Then, the significant of gene mutations and clinicaloutcomes of post-PV Myelofibrosis(PPMF)was analyzed. To study risk factors of PPMF, logistic regression were employed.Results ASXL1, TET2, IDH1, IDH2 were mutated in 7.69%(8/104), 5.26%(1/19), 0.08%(1/120) and 0.08%(1/121) ofall PV patient respectively. JAK2 was mutated in 82.22%(111/135) of PV patients with mutation rate of exon12 of 2.96%(4/135) and there were no mutation of MPL515 and SETBP1 in PV patients. ASXL1 mutation was found in 31.82%(7/22)PPMF patients. Spearman analysis showed that ASXL1 is correlated with JAK2V617F(V617F%)(rs=0.298,P=0.002). The hemo-globin was lower in patients with ASXL1 mutation than patient without mutation(wild type). Leukocyte count, V617F%50%rate, thrombosis and PPMF were higher in patients with ASXL1 mutation than that of ASXL1 wild type(P0.05). ASXL1 mu-tation, V617F%50% rate and splenomegaly were all risk factors of PPMF. Conclusion ASXL1 mutation is the risk-fac-torofPPMFandmaypromote V617F%by some mechanism.


The aerospace industry is becoming increasingly global as organizations attempt to manage demanding projects through international cooperation. This trend highlights the need for engineering graduates to be equipped with the skills necessary to succeed in a challenging international environment. In an attempt to broaden the traditional sense of teamwork, an International Design Synthesis Exercise was initiated with seven Delft University of Technology students and seven students from RMIT University, Melbourne. This international team worked intensively over 10 weeks to develop a feasible concept for a reusable space vehicle capable of servicing the International Space Station (ISS). This paper examines the experiences and outcomes of the IDSE by exploring both team and technical aspects. I. Introduction omestic economies are increasingly affected by global forces and local aerospace industries are forced to evolve dramatically in order to adapt. Aerospace companies develop international collaboration and strive for consolidation in response to ever-growing competition. The result; aerospace design projects require engineers and managers to engage in international co-operation, work across different time zones and accommodate different work practices. The future of the aerospace industry is dependent on graduates equipped with the skills necessary to succeed in this environment. Teamwork is a vital skill within the engineering domain and is deemed crucial by industry. Universities have recognized this, and in response provide courses to address the need. A contemporary approach is to place emphasis on classroom-based teams. Teams are often randomly formed, introducing further challenges for the students. However, as the industry becomes more global, universities need to respond by adapting their courses to provide students with relevant and representative teamwork experience. To produce graduates with the skills required to succeed in the modern aerospace industry, universities need to expand the traditional sense of teamwork. To adapt, universities should aim to provide collaborative, in particular international, teamwork opportunities for their students. One way this can be facilitated is through the establishment of joint projects with international universities. The experience provided to students closely emulates the current industry environment and allows for experimentation and learning in the environment within which graduates will ultimately work. Modern information technology results in fewer barriers to these ideals, and as such the opportunity of providing these experiences should be considered realistic and achievable.


Objective:To study the differences in chemical fingerprints of methanol extract of tangerine peel that reserved for different years,and identify the common constituents by HPLC-HRMS.Methods:Chemical fin- gerprints were studied by HPLC and HPLC-HRMS techniques.Results:For methanol extracts,the HPLC finger- prints of tangerine peels reserved for different years were well consistent,and 9 major common peaks in the finger- prints were identified.Conclusion:The contents of flavanoid compounds are stable during storage.The mass spec- tra and fragmentation mass data of flavonoids in tangerine peel show a regular pattern,which is very useful for the identification of the chemical compounds in tangerine peels.


The economies of scale of the maritime transport industry is creating a diverse set of long term problems. The infrastructure costs are rising, employment rates are declining and the local capture of the created value added is low. Therefore, the OECD called to re-establish the relations between port and city to achieve a more resilient and competitive port city complex. However, before these re-establishments can be achieved, the port city has to be theoretically redefined taking into account the four different port city interfaces: economic, social-cultural, institutional and spatial. In this paper a conceptual model and methodological framework is constructed to understand the port city assemblage. Based on these, part three examine the economic interface of the Belgian port city of Ghent, an atypical ARA port with minor transport activities and a high share of value added by industrial activities


The author tries to collect the written sources from the eleventh till the early thirteenth century which connect the Huns and especially their king, Attila with Hungary and the Hungarians. The most important source is the chronicle of Lampert of Hersfeld describing the story how the sword of Attila was given to the Bavarian duke, Otto of Northeim in 1063. Though the historical authenticity of this story is rather obscure, it seems important that a representative circle of German ecclesiastical intellectuals entered Hungary either during the great pilgrimage of 1064-65 or with the German armies, e.g. in 1063. An outstanding figure of this circle was Gunther, the fifth bishop of Bamberg (1057-1065), himself a poet and a fan of the contemporary Attila stories. It is still an unsolved problem how to reconstruct the would be content of a pre-1000 Hungarian Attila tradition, if there was any. But it is sure that the close German/Bavarian-Hungarian connections of the eleventh century gave a decisive impetus to the formation of a tradition that the seat of Attila was somewhere in Hungary either in Esztergom or in Obuda (Old Buda), also told by the Nibelungelied in the late twelfth century. By the beginning of the thirteenth century it was accepted in the royal court that Attila belonged to the ancestors of the Hungarian kings. The final conclusion of the present study is that the possibility of a discontinuity of the Hun tradition in Hungary is much higher than a continuous belief in the place of Attila in the family tree of the Hungarian kings. Though we have no surviving sources in Hungary from the twelfth century, that century was the formation of the stories that were written down by the chroniclers of the next century.


Abstract We consider a linear integrodifferential equation of second order in a Hilbert space and show that the solution tends to zero polynomially if the decay of the convolution kernel is polynomial. Both polynomials are of the same order.


Wireless sensor networks are nowadays a reality. However, a wireless node must be a truly autonomous system, i.e., it must embed its own power source, which is generally a battery pack. For this reason, it is of main concern to limit every source of wasted power. In particular, nodes exploit low-duty-cycle strategies to increase their life, spending most of their time in low-power mode, turning off all devices within the system except a wake-up oscillator. However, this way, some time must be spent waiting for the circuitry settling time, particularly if a high-accuracy measurement is required. In this paper, an efficient implementation of a filtering algorithm that is able to reduce this time is discussed. It is based on a hybrid combination of a median and a mean filter, joining the advantages of both linear and nonlinear filtering. A well-tailored implementation has experimentally been tested and discussed. Two wireless prototypes have been realized to test the proposed filter performance for temperature and humidity measurements. The experimental results permit comparing the implemented filters in terms of computational time, power consumption, and the performance of noise filtering. For both sensors, the new filtering strategy resulted to be more efficient in terms of noise removal and consumption than traditional algorithms. In particular, in the case of slow sensors such as a humidity one, delays are dictated by the sensor itself, and computational time can be neglected, while for fast sensors such as a temperature one, the proposed schema greatly improves the system update rate.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which the firm-specific advantages (FSAs) which underlie international expansion have proved resilient for European multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in a key emerging market – China.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors adopt a qualitative, case study approach, using interview data to explore the companies' FSAs on market entry, how they evolved over time and the strategies adopted to defend them. They undertook 15 in-depth interviews with decision makers in six companies addressing their experience since market entry. To control for sector-level effects, the authors focus on companies in the environmental protection sector.

Findings
The authors found examples of significant erosion of the FSAs among the case study companies, which undermined their position on the host market and their long-term competitiveness. The key sources of erosion were limitations in market access, exclusion from local networks and the emergence and upgrading of local competitors, often firms with whom the MNEs had collaborated in the past.

Research limitations/implications
The relatively small number of cases (six) limits the generalisability of the findings by the authors. However, the authors are convinced that, given that the case companies are generally large and have long experience in China, the conclusions made are well grounded. In addition, there was the high level of coherence in the reported experiences of the interviewees, providing further support for the findings.

Practical implications
The experience of these case study companies highlights that MNEs have difficulty retaining their unique FSAs when faced with rapidly evolving local competition in a key emerging market. Key strategies mobilised included focussing on a sub-sector of the market and localising both the company and their supply chains. The difficulties experiencing by these case study companies in retaining their FSAs underline the need for MNEs in emerging markets to avoid complacency and constantly innovate, but they also raise questions about their capacity to extend their international reach in the long term.

Originality/value
Very few studies have explored the FSAs of firms and how they evolve over time using a case study-based qualitative approach, especially in emerging markets.


Aim To develop a preparation process for amlodipine besylate dispersible tablets and establish its dissolution method.Meth-ods Amlodipine besylate dispersible tablets were prepared by using amlodipine besylate as principal agents with CMS-Na,MCC(PH101) as supplementary materials.Disintegrants were added by the combination of internal addition and external addition,the dissolu-tion of which was determined by UV spectrophotomery.Results The technology of preparation for dispersible tablets of amlodipine be-sylate is simple,stable,well dispersed and quick,with feasible detection methods.Conclusion The recipe of the preparation is reasona-ble,the technique is simple,the products are stable and the quality is easy to be controlled.


The complex [Ru(azpy)2(bpy)](PF6)2 (azpy=2-(phenylazo)pyridine, bpy=2,2′-bipyridine) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The coordination geometry around ruthenium(II) was distorted octahedral with coordinating from two N-donor centers of bpy and four N-donor centers of two azpy units. The Ru-N (pyridine of azpy) distance was (average, 2.048(4)A), shorter than the Ru-N (bpy) distance (average, 2.088(4)A). The average N = N distance in the title compound was 1.278(5)A, slightly longer than that of the free azpy ligand, 1.248(4)A. These results confirm that azpy is a stronger π-acceptor than bpy.


The strategy to control and minimize the possibility of potential crimes in advance physically in terms of urban planning and architectural design according to social changes is "Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED)." CPTED began to be applied in the United States in the 1970s and is widely considered in Japan in terms of residential environment planning. And recently, as interest in safe cities or crime prevention cities has increased in Korea, CPTED is being integrated in earnest. However, although the physical environment or components of urban and residential areas in Korea are seemingly similar to those of the West, differences exist in the components. Therefore, it is difficult to incorporate CPTED, which has been studied and developed abroad, into Korean cities. In order to find a more efficient way to create a safe residential environment in reality, we need to understand the characteristics of Korean cities and proceed with the study based on them. The CPTED strategy is more effective if applied when initially planning the residential complex than in improving the existing co-residential complex. But this is limited to redevelopment areas such as newly developed towns and cities. In the case of existing co-residential complexes, which may be vulnerable to crime, improvements such as installing additional CCTVs or introducing unmanned crime prevention systems in the complex can have considerable effects. In addition, visibility of the space should be high in order to enable natural surveillance, and above all, it should be bright by light and lighting fixture and should not be obscured from facilities and landscaping. And we should find ways to limit crime by using security measures and lighting to dampen the criminals' psychology before they commit a crime. This cannot be done with the environmental design alone, so physical means such as professional personnel, unmanned security systems, etc. should be combined. However, simple changes in the physical environment have limitations in reducing crime or the fear of crime. The effect of crime prevention is maximized only when the organic solidarity of the community and the community consciousness of the local residents are preceded. An approach that activates the interaction of local communities through the expansion of active participation of residents in local autonomous administration and the vitalization of youth and women's activities should be pursued simultaneously with CPTED. In this regard, it is important to cooperate with local residents, police, local governments, local councils, and civic groups. [Keywords] CPTED, Cooperative Security, CCTV, Urban Planning, Architectural Design


The history of this operation is interesting and instructive, indicating the difficulties which lay in the way of abdominal suigen in the pre-antiseptic era. The feasibility of such a procedure suggested itself as the outcome of the extended observations made between the years 1825 and 1833 by Dr. Beaumont on the man, Alexis St. Martin, who was the subject of an accidental gastric fistula. In 1837, Egebert, a Norwegian military surgeon, proposed the operation of gastrostomy in cases of stenosis of the oesophagus, in order not only to feed the patient, but also in suitable conditions to deal with the stricture from below, as in the case oi retrograde dilatation of the urethra. He was led to this suggestion owing o the ineffectiveness of rectal injections to maintain life, a patient of his, 36 years of age, succumbing as the outcome of a simple oesophageal stricture. He discussed methods of operating, but never had occasion to put his ideas into practice. The next stage was the experimental, and Blondlot of Nancy and two or three other experimenters demonstrated on dogs the possibilit) oi


The advantage of cement stabilized road bases resides in the fact that they afford a better load distribution due to their modulus of rigidity. The value of this modulus depends on the type of practical test used to measure it. It is recommended that flexural or uniaxial compression tests be used on accurate measurements of deflection or lateral deformation. Good agreement was observed. The brazilian test can also be used from which flexural strength can be deduced. A table (based on observations made on a road between 1965 and 1970) shows the necessary thicknesses for the road base for different moduli of the other layers, by means of assimulation to rigid layers assumed to be without cracks. The occurence of cracks in the road base appears to be caused by 'under-design' of the pavement or 'under proportioning' of the cement. In many cases, they do not appear in the surfacing. Two pavement design methods are recommended. The formulae given apply to main roads; for other types of road cracking must be taken into account and, accordingly, the value of physical and mechanical parameters must be lowered.


The article poses a problem of preserving historical and cultural heritage of Barnaul with regard to preserving interiors of architectural monuments. Reasons for the loss of the initial interior appearance, which are often associated with accommodation of the buildings for new functions, are pointed out. Insufficient elaboration of methodological approach to interior restoration, considering the complexity and manysidedness of the task, is noted. The necessity of reviewing the valuable interiors in the cultural fund is stated.


The theory of quantum-optical measurements is developed via a Heisenberg picture approach to quantum scattering theory. The multitime quantum correlation functions describing the measurements are expressed in terms of input or output operators, which are related via the scattering operator.


Paper Presentation Objective To explore the relationship between the chronicity of intimate partner violence (IPV) and personal‐ and partner‐mediated sexual risk behaviors that may increase women's risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. Design A retrospective review of existing medical record data. Setting Four reproductive health clinics in the northeast United States. Sample The final sample size was 2,000. The majority of the participants were between the ages of 15 and 26. Methods A bio‐behavioral conceptual model exploring the relationship between IPV, coercion, control, and reproductive health provided the framework for the study and guided the selection of study variables. Data were extracted from a random sample of 2,000 charts. Inclusion criteria were female, reproductive age (menarche through menopause), and seeking reproductive health services. Two standardized questions from the medical record were used to assess for experiences of violence and create a chronicity of violence variable. Adjusted logistic regression models examined the associations between chronicity of IPV and personal sexual risk behaviors (number sexual partners, drug/alcohol use, anal sex) and partner‐influenced sexual risk factors (nonmonogamy, STI risk, condom nonuse). Institutional Review Board approval was granted for the study. Results Approximately 29% ( n = 570) of women reported a history of partner violence. Number of sexual partners during the past year, history of STIs, drug and/or alcohol use prior to intercourse, and anal sex were all significantly associated with partner violence and chronicity of violence. All lifetime experiences (as measured by chronicity) of partner violence were significantly associated ( p ≤ .05) with partner‐mediated sexual risks (condom nonuse, partner nonmonogamy, and partner at risk for having an STI). Violence during the past year (OR = 5.37, CI 2.7‐10.8), past 5 years (OR = 9.01, CI 2.2‐37.7), and distant violence only (OR = 5.57, CI 3.4‐9.2) all increased the odds of having sex without a condom. Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice IPV is associated with STI/HIV risk among women, but less is known about mechanisms of this association and whether chronicity of violence is a factor. The study findings extend the knowledge related to partner violence as a risk factor for STIs/HIV and highlight the effects of partner violence chronicity on the health of women. Assessing for lifetime experiences of violence and current IPV will improve outcomes for women and their families. The study findings will guide future inquiry in the long‐term consequences of IPV and improve our understanding how partner violence, and specifically chronicity of partner violence, relates to types of sexual risk behaviors/factors.


The experimental study of the temporal characteristics of suspended sediment over wave ripples under the actions of regular waves,wave groups and irregular waves was performed.Different modulations were taken for wave groups in order to investigate the effect of wave height variation.The results are as follows.For regular waves the peaks of suspended sediment concentration corresponding to wave crests are higher than that corresponding to wave troughs;for wave groups the sediment suspension event has the basic oscillating frequency as same as that of wave group,instead of that of short wave,and the strength of this oscillating component increases with increasing amplitude modulation,but the corresponding mean component sediment concentration decreases;for irregular waves,the basic oscillating frequency is also corresponding to wave group frequency,but the time lag is observed for the time series of sediment concentration with respect to the free surface elevation.By the examination of the results of wave group cases,the reason is the result of wave height variation of irregular waves.


Movements of the upper and lower limb muscles during five common gardening tasks were analyzed by using electromyography (EMG). Twenty adults aged in their twenties (mean age, 24.8 ± 2.4 years) were recruited. On two separate occasions, subjects visited a garden plot to perform digging, raking, troweling, weeding, and hoeing; all tasks were performed three times with 20 s intervals for each trial. To measure muscle activation during the five gardening tasks, surface EMG was used. Bipolar surface EMG electrodes were attached to eight upper limb muscles (bilateral anterior deltoid, biceps brachialis, brachioradialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris) or eight lower limb muscles (bilateral vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius) on both sides of the body, for a total of 16 muscles. During the five tasks, photographs were taken of movement phases using a digital video camera. The right flexor carpi ulnaris and brachioradialis showed higher activation than the other upper and lower limb muscles measured during the tasks. All 16 upper and lower limb muscles were actively used only during digging. According to movement analysis of each activity, digging was classified into four movement phases, whereas raking, troweling, weeding, and hoeing each were divided into three movement phases. In each activity, there were high-impact phases in terms of muscle activation; the flexor carpi ulnaris and brachioradialis were identified as major muscles in each impact phase. This analysis may be used to generate biomechanical profiles of gardening tasks for practitioners when designing efficient gardening interventions for physical health or rehabilitation. Additional key words: horticultural activity, horticultural therapy, human issues in horticulture, movement analysis, muscle activation *Corresponding author: email@example.com ※ Received 2 April 2014; Revised 24 April 2014; Accepted 29 April 2014. This paper was supported by the SMART Research Professor Program of Konkuk University. C 2014 Korean Society for Horticultural Science Introduction Gardening has been reported to have therapeutic benefits such as improved health and quality of life, cognitive ability, and socialization (Infantino, 2004; Wang and Macmillan, 2013). Recent research on the physical aspect of gardening indicate that gardening tasks can be classified as lowto high-intensity physical activity for various age groups (Park et al., 2008a, 2011, 2012a, 2012b, 2013a). Common gardening tasks such as digging, raking, transplanting, weeding, watering, and harvesting are considered moderate-to-high intensity for both elementary school students and adults aged in their twenties (Park et al., 2012a, 2013a) and low-to-moderate intensity for older adults (Park et al., 2008a, 2011, 2012b). Park et al. (2009) reported that older gardeners who met physical activity recommendations for health through gardening, e.g., at least 30 min of moderateintensity physical activity on most days of the week, showed higher overall physical health and hand functional ability (grip strength and pinch force) than older nongardeners. Persons who perform gardening tasks also had fewer chronic diseases and physical functional limitations (Armstrong, 2000; Chen and Janke, 2012). Moreover, weight-bearing gardening motions, such as body movements that work Sin-Ae Park, A-Young Lee, Jai-Jeong Kim, Kwan-Suk Lee, Jae-Moo So, and Ki-Cheol Son 711 Table 1. Characteristics of the study subjects (N = 20) recruited to analyze movements of the upper and lower limb muscles during five common gardening tasks by using electromyography.


Foreword by Daniel M. Fox and Samuel L. Milbank Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction: Slaves to the Past 1. Bodily Fluids and Citizenship 2. What Came First 3. Fighting the Previous War: Traditional Public Health Strategies and AIDS 4. Patients into Prisoners: Responsibility, Crime, and Health 5. Discrimination and Its Discontents: Protecting the Victims 6. Every Man His Own Quarantine Officer: The Voluntary Approach 7. The Polymorphous Politics of Prevention 8. To Die Laughing: Gays and Other Interest Groups 9. Vox Populi Suprema Lex Est: Expertise, Authority, and Democracy 10. Clio Intervenes: The Effect of the Past on Public Health 11. Liberty, Authority, and the State in the AIDS Era Notes Index


Abstract Objectives Gladiolus psittacinus (GP) is an important medicinal plant in folk medicine where its corm is used for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Despite this, there is paucity of scientific information to justify its use as antidiabetic drug. Hence, this study was designed to explore antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and effects of aqueous extract of Gladiolus psittacinus (AGP) on hyperglycemia-associated oxidative stress in pancreas, kidney and liver of diabetic rats. Methods Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in rats using streptozotocin 50 mg/kg (i.p.). Normal and diabetic rats were treated orally with AGP once a day for 14 days. Antidiabetic effects were evaluated on body weight, fasting blood glucose concentration (FBGC), lipid profiles and serum chemistry. Also, protective effects of AGP were also determined on markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and histopathology of pancreas, kidney and liver of diabetic rats. Results Treatment with AGP emanated to significant decrease of FBGC (552.67–157.33 mg/dL), increase in body weight (100.01–133.76 g) and positive modulation of lipid parameters in diabetic rats. The alteration in the contents of markers of liver and kidney function were significantly modulated in the diabetic rats upon treatment. Also, oxidative damage and antioxidant depletions in pancreas, kidney and liver were significantly mitigated in treated diabetic rats. Structural aberrations in the histopathology slides of pancreas, kidney and liver were improved upon treatment. Conclusions It can be concluded that AGP could be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its related ailments, thereby justifying its usage in traditional medicine.


The effects of aluminum substitution on the structure and electric properties of langasite (La3Ga5SiO14) family crystals are reported. The maximum Al content x of La3Ga5‐xAlxSiO14 (LGAS), La3Nb0.5Ga5.5‐xAlxO14 (LNGA), and La3Ta0.5Ga5.5‐xAlxO14 (LTGA) crystals grown by the conventional Czochralski technique are x = 0.9, 0.2, and 0.5, respectively. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis reveals that Al atoms are distributed in all cation sites except for the decahedral one occupied by La, rather than favoring the smallest tetrahedral sites. The electrical properties of the Al‐substituted crystals were also compared with those of pure ones. Al substitution was found to affect the piezoelectric constant d14, but not d11. The LGAS and LTGA crystals exhibit higher electric resistivity ρ as a result of Al substitution. Among the Al‐substituted and pure crystals, the LTGA crystal featured the lowest temperature dependence of d11 and highest ρ, making it the most suitable of the group for high‐temperature piezoelectric applications.


The active participation of indigenous movements in the political arena (particularly in the struggle for a more egalitarian control and use of natural resources) and the subsequent rise of alternative institutional powers in Bolivia and Ecuador were key conditions for the emergence of public discussions in the region around the meanings of "living well" (buen vivir in Spanish, Suma Qamaña in Aymara, and Sumak Kawsay in Quechua). In spite of its polysemic nature, this traditional notion has gained relevance in the juridical realm through its incorporation to the new Ecuadorian Constitution in 2008, and the Bolivian Constitution in 2009. More recently, it was made central through the Ecuadorian "National Living Well Plan" (2009-2013). In this presentation I argue that some of the principles standing at the basis of the traditional Andean ethical notion of "living well" are shared by the scientific framework of resilience, despite differences in their epistemological approach, terminology and forms of application. In brief, some of these main affinities are: 1. Both perspectives question the dichotomy between nature and society, and state that they constitute one and the same system; 2. The focus on development, progress or linear growth is shifted to the complex dynamics of adaptation and change that sustain socio-ecological processes and well being; 3. Knowledge and practices are contextualised and understood in their connection with particular biophysical and sociocultural territories; 4. Both biological and cultural diversity are valued for its potential to regenerate and reorganise socio-ecological systems after crises; 5. The capacity of building and integrating different forms of knowledge (traditional, local, academic) is crucial to generate more complex and effective understandings of the socio-ecological reality. In association with the interfaces described above, I argue that the Andean ethical view encounters challenges and opportunities to which resilience thinking can make a positive contribution. In a similar fashion, I also believe that the scientific approach on resilience can be enriched by the "living well" paradigm. It could be noted, for example, that the notion of "living well" has permeated the South American public domain as a form of discourse more than as a set of methods or practical experiences. Given its general appeal, it is prone to being rhetorically (ab)used by political groups and co-opted by dominant interests. Its effectiveness as an alternative to social and environmental degradation would thus benefit from empirical applications and analysis that could provide concrete examples of how to translate ethical principles into socio-ecological processes. In this sense, the resilience framework could provide theoretical and methodological tools for studies that interconnect


Purpose – This paper aims to provide details of recent snake robot research, products and applications. Design/methodology/approach – Following a short introduction to snake robots, this paper considers a selection of key research activities and then describes a number of commercial products. Examples of applications are then provided and are followed by brief conclusions. Findings – In contrast to many other classes of robots, snake robots are being studied by only a relatively small number of academic groups. Despite their unique abilities, commercialisation has so far been very limited. Real and potential applications exist in fields that include the nuclear power sector, security and defence, aerospace, oil and gas, civil engineering and urban search and rescue. Originality/value – This paper reviews the preset-day status of snake robot research and provides details of commercial products and their applications.


The beginnings of a theoretical model for the dynamic behaviour of change in the building industry are presented by Steven Groak of the Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning, University College London. It is proposed that the overall technological environment is turbulent, which derives from a combination of forms of inherent uncertainty and responses which are particular to the building industry.


Introduction: Acute kidney injury is a serious condition in critically ill patients with sepsis, in Ecuador the prevalence is about of 10% and has high undocumented mortality rate. The type of renal replacement therapy used is also very discussed in countries that have several treatment options. Many developing regions don't have continuous treatments available for these patients. Objective: The aim of the study was to demonstrate advantages of treatment with on-line hemodiafiltration (own scheme) versus intermittent hemodialysis high flux low intensity in patients with sepsis and acute kidney injury. Primary outcomes evaluated were: mortality, vasoactive drugs, mechanical ventilation dependence and permanence at intensive care unit. Results: Cohort and tracing study in patients with sepsis and acute kidney injury. Two groups undergoing treatment for intermittent hemodialysis high flux low intensity (Group A: n 35) vs. on line hemodiafiltration (Group B: n 30). General mortality was 49.2%, (Group A: 60% vs. group B: 36.6% p=0.061). APACHE 2 and SOFA index in both groups were similar (p=0.26 and 0.98 respectively). Time intensive care unit stay (GA: 16.7; GB: 9.9 p=0.044), vasoactive drugs dependence (GA: 9; GB: 4.1 p=0.084), mechanical ventilation dependence (GA: 11.2; GB: 6.5 p=0.12). Conclusion: On line hemodiafiltration showed benefits statiscally significative in intensive care unit stay, in relation to vasoactive drugs, mechanical ventilation dependence showed beneficies but weren´t significatives. The mortality wasn't statistically significative. Results showed advantages in on line hemodiafiltration with our own scheme in critically ill patients with sepsis.


The purpose of this article is to discuss the opportunities and barriers relating to the creation and development of productive cooperation network, under the industrial restructuring context and analyse some particular aspects of the Brazilian context, specially in the state of São Paulo (one of the most industrialized state of Brazil). Beside this, the intention is to point out some possible ways to improve the organization performance supported by this new kind of inter-firm arrangement, through the concept of regional clusters and, finally, to propose some public politics.


A memory device has a storage array having a plurality of accessible memory banks and a configurable first set of memory segments. The plurality of accessible memory banks include a second set of memory segments. During a first mode of operation, the first set of memory segments is configured to be an additional accessible memory bank. During a second mode of operation, a pair of memory segments in the first set of memory segments are configured to be an additional set of memory segments in each of the plurality of accessible memory banks.


DBpedia is one of the very well known live projects from the Semantic Web. It is like a mirror version of the Wikipedia site in Semantic Web. Initially it publishes the information collected from the Wikipedia, but only that part which is relevant to the Semantic Web. Collecting information for Semantic Web from the Wikipedia is demonstrated as the extraction of structured data. DBpedia normally do this by using a specially designed framework called DBpedia Information Extraction Framework. This extraction framework do its works thorough the evaluation of the similar properties from the DBpedia Ontology and the Wikipedia template. This step is known as DBpedia mapping. At present most of the mapping jobs are done complete manually. In this paper a new framework is introduced considering the issues related to the template to ontology mapping. A semiautomatic mapping tool for the DBpedia project is proposed with the capability of automatic suggestion generation for the end users so that users can identify the similar Ontology and template properties. Proposed framework is useful since after selection of similar properties, the necessary code to maintain the mapping between Ontology and template is generated automatically.


This thesis explores the necessary conditions for voluntary wage restraint in advanced industrialized democracies. In particular, it addresses the question of how governments can get union movements to trade their labour market power for non-wage objectives, and how union peak organizations can secure near universal compliance with a voluntary wages policy, notwithstanding the pressures upon individual unions to free ride. Rational choice theory furnishes the initial analytical framework. Within these terms it will be argued that the problem of securing voluntary restraint has the strategic structure of a prisoner's dilemma. In other words, the situation entails an inherent conflict between individual and collective interests. Moreover, this conflict is not merely between the short-term interests of individual unions and those of the whole labour movement, but also between labour (wages) and capital (profit). Given this situation, the thesis will investigate the conditions under which rational, self-interested unions, seeking to maximize some combination of real wage, relative wage and employment objectives, and operating in the context of uncertainty, decentralized bargaining and a significant degree of monopoly power in the labour market, will voluntarily be prepared to restrain their wage demands. Following this exploration, the behavioural assumptions of rational choice theory will be modified to allow for the fact that economic agents are also motivated by various normative commitments, and that these can be sufficient in certain circumstances to overcome the free-rider problem. This new theoretical approach will then be employed in a detailed examination of the Social Contract between the British Labour Government (1974-79) and the Trades Union Congress. It will be concluded that certain moral, political and ideological commitments played a crucial role in the negotiation, implementation and eventual collapse of the Social Contract. It should be noted that this inquiry is based upon published sources and interview data.


security breaches are responsible for not only financial loss but affect the trustworthiness and integrity of the software design and development industry. The breaches are directly affecting the security attributes like Privacy, Availability, Confidentiality, Authorization, Authentication, and Integrity. The aim of security at design level is to protect software to any damage done to the security attributes. Complexity is one of the major factor affect the security. One way of security improvement is a proper control of complexity factor related to security attributes.


Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the analgesic effect of oral and i.p. administration of alcoholic Viscum album (V.A) fruit extract as a rich source of alkaloid substances.
Materials and Methods: Experimented animals were divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment rats received different doses of the V.A fruit extract, which was prepared from alcoholic smashed fruits. Then, the animals from each group were subjected to pain scoring experiments such as hot plate and formalin tests.
Results: The results of the experiments i.e., antinociceptive effect of i.p. V.A extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and oral application method V.A (6.25% food pellet) were compared with others and morphine sulfate and naloxone as positive and negative control groups, respectively. The extract at doses over than 100 mg/kg (i.p.) could potentially alleviate the pain in hot plate and both phases of the formalin test. Besides, there was a marked antinociceptive effect of the extract (over than 200 mg/kg) in oral method in hot plate and both phases of the formalin tests. Meanwhile, the effective doses of morphine sulfate as positive control were observed at doses over than 15 mg/kg (i.p.).
Conclusion: In summary, by comparing the analgesic effect of different doses of morphine sulfate with V.A fruit extract in i.p and oral conditions and regarding to the extract LD50, it is concluded that the V.A fruit extract has a potent, semi-absorbable, and nearly safe ingredient which can exert a potential analgesic effect in acute and chronic painIn summery, by comparing the analgesic effect of different doses of morphine sulfate with V.a fruit extract in i.p and oral conditions and regarding to the extract LD50, it is concluded that the V.A fruits extract have a potent, semi-absorbable, and nearly safe ingredient which can exert a potential analgesic effect in acute and chronic pain.


BackgroundNot many of us express a wish for where we wish to die;a lot of us would hope to be at home, but for many it is hospital where they are cared for in the last days of life. For some patients and families there was a need for companionship support in the last days of life in hospital.AimTo establish a volunteer service for patients nearing end of life to provide compassionate listening, comfort and companionship.MethodWe established a partnership steering group and secured a 3 year grant to set up a volunteer companion service for the Royal United Hospitals Bath, building on an existing companion model at Dorothy House Hospice. We agreed a volunteer role profile, recruited volunteers, provided specific training and supervision. We developed referral criteria and information resources for patients and their families, for hospital staff and for volunteers. We tested the model on three wards and then agreed a roll out plan to all wards.ResultsDespite the COVID-19 pandemic the service has rolled out to 19 wards. We have recruited four cohorts of volunteers and currently have 25 active volunteers. The service has received 86 referrals and supported 71 patients. The volunteers have provided 319 support visits and 618 hours of companionship. The reasons for referral have included: no family support (n=7), limited family support (n=37), respite break for family (n38) and support for family (n=3).ConclusionThe Compassionate Companion Service is making a huge difference to patients, their families and staff. Sometimes it is the little things, the small acts of kindness, the holding of a hand, the words of comfort and being present that give so much support to those nearing end of life and to their loved ones. We plan to roll out to all wards this summer and have service funding for a further three years.


Background and Objective: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of insomnia and its related factors among elderly population of Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected by a three-part questionnaire. The first part included demographic information; the second part contained data on weight, height, neck circumference, menstruation status, diabetes, hypertension (HTN), and heart disease. The third part contained questions about Insomnia Screening Questionnaire (ISQ). Cluster sampling was used and 651 samples were selected for the present study.
Results: The prevalence of insomnia was significantly higher in female, single, and illiterate subjects and also in subjects with chronic diseases, psychological disorders, circadian rhythm disorder, restless legs syndrome (RLS), parasomnia, and sleep apnea.
Conclusion: According to this study, insomnia is common among elderly population of Tehran, and there is a relationship between this disorder and chronic diseases, psychological disorders, and sleep disorders.


The higher rate of lung cancer incidence in our country, the main disease groups for the elderly, is a kind of high mortality of malignant tumor, because of the influence of most people long-term smoking and lung disease itself, often accompanied by abnormal pulmonary function before operation, pulmonary complications obviously increased after surgery, perioperative nursing care of carefully, can to reduce the complications and mortality rate after operation. According to the lung cancer were studied with perioperative nursing in patients with abnormal lung function, and to explore the nursing measures of concrete.


Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is a popular indoor localization method due to its independence of additional infrastructures and the wide availability of smart devices. Step length estimation is a key component of PDR, which has an important influence on the performance of PDR. Existing step length estimation models suffer from various limitations such as requiring knowledge of user's height, lack of consideration of varying phone carrying ways, and dependence on spatial constraints. To solve these problems, we propose a deep learning-based step length estimation model, which can adapt to different phone carrying ways and does not require individual stature information and spatial constraints. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing popular step length estimation methods.


The affective and emotional dimensions of sociality have received renewed attention during the past two decades under the heading of the 'affective turn' (Clough and Halley 2007) and through new theoretical distinctions and vibrant discussions about the scope of affect theories in the humanities (Blackman and Venn 2010; Gregg and Seigworth 2010; Gammerl, Hutta, and Scheer 2017; Navaro 2017). In this context, affect has repeatedly been conceptualized as a matter of temporality and eventfulness, epitomized by investigations into interaction dynamics, collective bodily movements, and delays in perception such as the 'missing half second' (Massumi 1995; Hansen 2004; Angerer 2014). With this special issue, we ask how this 'timing of affect' (Angerer, Bösel, and Ott 2014) is or can be located. We chose the verb 'locating' rather than location to emphasize a processual perspective that remains attuned to both the timing and spatialization of affect and their specific relation. Our aim in locating affect is not to play more temporal theories of the affective off against spatial ones but, rather, to bring the spatiotemporality of affect into close enough focus that we can connect it to empirical research on space and place, on the one hand, and spatial concepts in political and social theory, on the other. Spatial theories of affect have been frequently fleshed out from the vantage point of a minimal relationalism, which attends to how bodies are affected and affecting, sending and receiving at the same time (Barad 2007; Thrift 2007; Slaby and Röttger-Rössler 2018). The integrative looping of affective forces has been conceptualized as 'transmission' (Brennan 2004) or 'resonance' (Mühlhoff 2015), thereby describing affect by means of a spatial metaphor and extensive form insofar that a transmission or resonance takes effect on something from somewhere. Others have developed notions of shared, or collective affects and emotions, hence locating affect decidedly beyond individual subjects and single objects, and instead demonstrating how the intensification of attachments relates 'bodily space with social space' (Ahmed 2004, 119). However, the leap from a relational to a spatial theory of affect entails a picture puzzle on the level of description: the relation acquires form only in accordance with a spatial reference system in which it is considered. Thus, rather than asking for affect's relational extension in space, we need to rethink every time anew the different and sometimes implicit understandings of space that come along with descriptions of affect. In the diverse spectrum of affect theories, and especially in the poststructural tradition, many authors have made bodily, energetic, or vital movements rather than spatial coordinate systems the departure point for their inquiries. In such cases, the spatial shape or manifestation of affect comes across as a derivative of its temporal unfolding. But even then, spatial metaphors creep in. Brian Massumi, for example, uses the notion of 'phase space' (Massumi 1995, 93) to describe affect as an emergent and virtual entity. John Protevi follows Massumi but situates 'phase space' within complexity theory and its concepts of 'thresholds', 'trajectories', and 'bifurcators' (Protevi 2009, 5ff.). And Kathleen Stewart conceptualizes 'ordinary affects' as 'a relay' (Stewart 2007, 4ff., 39) circulating between people who share space, feelings, and experiences. The idea that affects cannot fully be captured by turning towards the description of space, spatialization, or spatialized time has been strongly influenced by Gilles Deleuze's theory of affect. For example, in his cinema theory he writes that we leave the description of affective


ABSTRACT Extensive research on HIV/AIDS stigma is conducted on adults, but it cannot be equated with the experiences of children. This makes it obvious to develop an inclusive research on child experience of HIV/AIDS stigma. For that reason, the present study investigates the relationship among HIV/AIDS stigma, perceived social support and mental health problems in HIV/AIDS children. A sample of 90 HIV/AIDS children aged 10–18 years from Moti Lal Nehru Hospital, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, were recruited. Participants were assessed on HIV/AIDS stigma, perceived social support and mental health problems. Descriptive statistics, correlational and regression analysis and mediation analysis were performed to accomplish the purpose of the study. Correlational analysis makes it evident that perceived social support is prominently negatively correlated with HIV/AIDS stigma (r (88) = −.670, p < 0.01) whereas mental health problems (r (88) = .753, p < 0.01) was significantly positively correlated with HIV/AIDS stigma. Taking hierarchical regression analysis into consideration, it was found that the perceived social support significantly contributed to 33.2% variance in HIV/AIDS stigma and HIV/AIDS stigma contributed to 45.9% variance in mental health problems. Results of the mediation analyses validate the mediating role of HIV/AIDS stigma in the association between perceived social support and mental health problems (β = −0.27, CI = −.33 to −.034, p = .017). These findings contribute to empirical evidence about psychological predictors and the observable consequences of HIV/AIDS-related stigma.


A subfamily LFT of the family CS of context-sensitive languages is investigated. Elements of LFT are called left transformation languages. Any context-sensitive language is represented in the form h(Li OLf) where Li, Z^eLFT, h is a length-preserv ing homomorphism, and I/f is the mirror image of Z/ 2. This fact implies that the "LBAproblem" is equivalent to the problem whether LFT can be accepted by deterministic linear bounded automata. It is remarkable that LFT is an intersection-closed AFL and the emptiness problem for LFT is effectively solvable. Also LFT is shown to have the quasi-prefix property, and we can see that LFT and the family CF of context-free languages are incomparable.


We propose a new model of D = 4 Gauss–Bonnet gravity. To avoid the usual property of the integral over the standard D = 4 Gauss–Bonnet scalar becoming a total derivative term, we employ the formalism of metric-independent non-Riemannian spacetime volume elements which makes the D = 4 Gauss–Bonnet action term nontrivial without the need to couple it to matter fields unlike the case of ordinary D = 4 Gauss–Bonnet gravity models. The non-Riemannian volume element dynamically triggers the Gauss–Bonnet scalar to be an arbitrary integration constant M on-shell, which in turn has several interesting cosmological implications. (i) It yields specific solutions for the Hubble parameter and the Friedmann scale factor as functions of time, which are completely independent of the matter dynamics, i.e. there is no back reaction by matter on the cosmological metric. (ii) For M[Formula: see text]0, it predicts a "coasting"-like evolution immediately after the Big Bang, and it yields a late universe with dynamically produced dark energy density given through M. (iii) For the special value M = 0, we obtain exactly a linear "coasting" cosmology. (iv) For M[Formula: see text]0, we have in addition to the Big Bang also a Big Crunch with "coasting"-like evolution around both. (v) It allows for an explicit analytic solution of the pertinent Friedmann and [Formula: see text] scalar field equations of motion, while dynamically fixing uniquely the functional dependence on [Formula: see text] of the scalar potential.


We examine decentralization of digital platforms through tokenization as an innovation to resolve the conflict between platforms and users. By delegating control to users, tokenization through utility tokens acts as a commitment device that prevents a platform from exploiting users. This commitment comes at the cost of not having an owner with an equity stake who, in conventional platforms, would subsidize participation to maximize the platform's network effect. This trade-off makes utility tokens a more appealing funding scheme than equity for platforms with weak fundamentals. The conflict reappears when nonusers, such as token investors and validators, participate on the platform. THE PROLIFERATION OF THE DIGITAL economy and the recent rise of the fintech industry have led to two important trends. First, a sizable number of digital platforms have funded their development and operations through the issuance of cryptocurrencies or tokens. For instance, according to Allen, Gu, and Jagtiani (2020), 4,136 cryptocurrencies existed as of May 2020. This figure does not include the many cryptocurrencies that have failed. Although rampant speculation and volatility are often observed in this asset class, its growing popularity raises important questions about the benefits and costs associated with the tokenization process. Second, there is a growing tension between digital platforms and their users as online platforms such as Amazon, Google, and Facebook become increasingly pervasive in our everyday lives. Their large networks of users facilitate not only monopoly power in pricing but also extensive access to users' private data.1 These privileges are subject to misuse, as reflected by ongoing antitrust investigations of big-tech companies and the enactment of data privacy regulations in the European Union, the United States, and Japan. Such conflicts between online platforms and their users represent *Michael Sockin is with the University of Texas at Austin. Wei Xiong is with Princeton University, CUHK Shenzhen, and NBER. We thank Franklin Allen, Will Cong, Cam Harvey, Emiliano Pagnotta, Aleh Tsyvinski, Haoxiang Zhu, and participants of various seminars and conferences for helpful comments. We are particularly grateful to Bruno Biais, an Associate Editor, and three referees, whose highly constructive suggestions helped shape this paper. We have read The Journal of Finance's disclosure policy and have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Correspondence: Michael Sockin, University of Texas at Austin; 2110 Speedway Austin, TX 78712; e-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com 1 A growing literature explores how online platforms' extensive access to user data may allow them to price-discriminate users (e.g., Taylor (2004)), and take advantage of users' personal vulnerabilities such as weak self-control (e.g., Liu, Sockin, and Xiong (2020)). DOI: 10.1111/jofi.13192 © 2022 the American Finance Association. 247 156261, 223, 1, D ow nladed from https:/inelibrary.w il.com /doi/101/jofi.13192 by < Shioleth> -m em ber@ librarynceton.edu, W ley O nline L irary on [14//2023]. ee he T rm s nd C onitions (https:linelibrary.w il.com /erm s-andnditions) on W ley O nline L irary or rles of use; O A aricles re goerned by he apicable C retive C om m ns L icnse 248 The Journal of Finance® a unique challenge to the platform's design and raise questions about whether they could be disintermediated to protect consumers. The success of Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency to be widely adopted across the world, was motivated largely by the notion that delegating the issuance of the cryptocurrency to precoded computer algorithms would free its users from potential abuses by central bankers, who control the supply of traditional fiat currencies and may increase it at the expense of current holders. Tokenization has continued to facilitate the decentralization of digital platforms, in what are often referred to as decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs).2 For instance, Filecoin, a platform that enables users to exchange secure data storage services, is governed by the Filecoin community, who propose, discuss, and achieve consensus on Filecoin improvement protocols (FIPs). At Tezos, a platform that facilitates peer-to-peer transactions and smart contracting, governance is achieved by users voting in two stages on updates proposed by developers, who are compensated with newly minted Tezos coins for those innovations that are adopted. Multipurpose platforms such as the decentralized finance (DeFi) platform MakerDAO and the decentralized organization manager platform Aragon issue governance tokens that confer control (but not cash flow) rights for voting on changes to the platform and its development.3 The DeFi platform Kyber pays rewards in the native token KNC to users who participate in governance by staking their holdings. Harvey, Ramachandran, and Santoro (2021) summarize how crypto-based technologies can decentralize various aspects of the financial industry. In this paper, we develop a model to examine tokenization as a mechanism to mitigate the tension between platforms and their users, similar to how corporate finance has developed governance tools to mitigate the tension between firm managers, who control the firm's operations, and firm owners, who own the firm's assets. Industry commentators have also highlighted the resolution of the principal-agent problem between a platform's stakeholders as a key motivation for DAOs.4 2 There is an inherent link between the promise of self-sovereignty and DAOs. For instance, of the ShapeShift trading platform's impending decentralization, ShapeShift CEO Eric Voorhee tweeted: "Unorthodox, but it is the only way to maintain fidelity to the most important principles of crypto; specifically, self-sovereignty over money. [...] you may understand that the organizational format that succeeded during the Industrial Age may not be the optimal format for the digital age. There is a new kind of 'firm.' The decentralized autonomous organization." (https://twitter.com/ ErikVoorhees/status/1415339998740508674?ref_src=twsrc %5Etfw) 3 MakerDAO will become a completely decentralized platform by the end of 2021. As Maker Foundation's CEO Rune Christensen wrote in a blog, "Complete decentralization of Maker means that future development and operation of the Protocol and the DAO will be determined by thousands or perhaps millions of engaged, enthusiastic community members, all determined to extend the benefits of digital currency to people across the globe." See https://blog.makerdao.com/ makerdao-has-come-full-circle/. 4 For example, see the recent commentary by cointelegraph.com at https://cointelegraph. com/ethereum-for-beginners/what-is-a-decentralized-autonomous-organization-and-how-does-adao-work and the discussion by JP Buntinx at https://vaultoro.com/what-is-a-decentralizedautonomous-organization-dao-and-why-does-it-matter/#h-exploring-the-principal-agentproblem. 156261, 223, 1, D ow nladed from https:/inelibrary.w il.com /doi/101/jofi.13192 by < Shioleth> -m em ber@ librarynceton.edu, W ley O nline L irary on [14//2023]. ee he T rm s nd C onitions (https:linelibrary.w il.com /erm s-andnditions) on W ley O nline L irary or rles of use; O A aricles re goerned by he apicable C retive C om m ns L icnse Decentralization through Tokenization 249 We regard canonical tokens issued by a digital platform as an asset that conveys a right to the services of the platform and possible participation in its governance, but not necessarily cash flow rights. Such tokens are typically held by users who obtain a convenience yield from participating on the platform, and include "payment" and "consumer" ("utility") tokens in the taxonomy of Global Digital Finance (GDF).5 In contrast, a security confers cash flow and potentially ownership rights, such as debt and equity, but not a right to services on the platform. Such securities are typically held by outside stakeholders, similar to how owners of Amazon or Apple stock need not buy products from Amazon or Apple. Thus, the key distinction between tokens and securities is that tokens are a claim to the platform's services, while securities are a claim to its revenue.6 Our key insight is that, although tokenization may protect users by shifting ownership and control of the platform to them from initial equity holders, this benefit comes at the expense of removing any owner who would subsidize user participation to maximize the platform's network effect. Given that network effects are essential for the success of online platforms, conventional platforms typically devote substantial resources to subsidize user participation to amass a large user base.7 The equity holders of these platforms bear the costs of subsidizing user participation to maximize future advertising revenue, which increases with the size of the user base. Our model highlights the trade-off induced by decentralization between safeguarding users and subsidizing their participation in the presence of network effects. Our model features an online platform that facilitates bilateral transactions among a pool of users. There are three dates. At time 0, the developer of the platform chooses to fund the platform by issuing either conventional equity or tokens. The choice of funding scheme also determines the control and ownership of the platform in the subsequent periods. At time 1, potential users choose whether to join the platform, subject to a personal cost of downloading the necessary software and becoming familiar with the platform's rules and user interface. After joining the platform, a user can benefit from matching with other users to make bilateral transactions at times 1 and 2. We model a user's transaction need by his endowment in a consumption good and his preference of consuming his own good together with the goods of other users. As a result of this preference, users need to trade goods with each other, which


Abstract It was suggested to 22 subjects that their warts would disappear if they imagined them tingling for a few minutes each day. Half the subjects received the suggestion after they had been exposed to a formal hypnotic induction procedure and the remaining half (controls) received the same suggestion after they were told simply that they were to be treated by a method called "focused contemplation." Three of the 11 hypnotic subjects and none of the 11 "focused contemplation" subjects lost their warts during the experimental period. It is suggested that the relatively greater effectiveness of the hypnotic treatment may have been due to its believed-in efficacy; that is, subjects who lost their warts strongly believed that warts could be cured by hypnosis whereas the "focused contemplation" subjects did not believe that their treatment was especially effective in curing warts.


The action of each of the purified pituitary hormones has been assessed in maintenance and repair of the reproductive system of the hypophysectomized 40-day male rat. When injections of interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) were begun immediately after hypophysectomy, the testicular weight and physiological status of tubules and Leydig cells were maintained and advanced. Testicular epithelium was extremely sensitive to low doses of ICSH and sperm were elaborated. Even at high doses of ICSH, testicular and accessory organ weights were not, however, completely normal for the chronological age. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), injected at doses which did not show contamination with ICSH, had only slight effects on testicular weight and development; only the highest levels of FSH injected caused barely perceptible stimulation of the accessory organs. However, low doses of FSH injected with ICSH increased testicular size and development. Doses of lactogenic and growth hormones, having no effect on th...


We can echo them and say that Canada is no different. What is surprising is that remains the case despite the fact that the World Health Organization ranks severe migraine attacks as being as disabling as dementia, quadriplegia and active psychosis3 and despite the fact that headache has been found to cause 42 percent of the loss of productive time due to pain conditions in the United States, at an estimated annual cost of US$ 25.7 billion.4


The purpose of this pilot exploratory study was to determine any immediate effects of a session of aquatic exercise (AE) compared with contrast therapy shallow water treadmill running (CSWR). Twenty-nine elite footballers were allocated randomly to AE or CSWR, 48 hr after a practice match. Outcome measures included maximum vertical jump height; visual analog scale (VAS) for pain; the squeeze test for adductor strength, sit and reach test, and ankle and hip range of movement. A significant difference between groups was found for maximum vertical jump height with the AE group being able to jump higher after the intervention (95% CI [-8.63 to -1.28]). No other significant differences between groups were detected for any outcome. Significant within group effects were found for the CSWR group in improving sit and reach (p = .04), and reducing pain when performing the squeeze test (p = .02). Both interventions may have improved aspects of performance; however, more highly powered trials, incorporating a control group, need to be conducted.


Introduction: Adiponectin hormone is involved in modulating metabolic processes such as glucose regulation and fatty acid catabolism. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the transcription region of the gene and its sequences have been identified in different populations that are associated with the prevalence of various diseases. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of G276T polymorphism in breast cancer patients and its comparing in subjects without breast cancer. Material and Methods: 128 individuals with breast cancer and 128 healthy people were selected after the approval of a specialist physician. After blood collection and DNA extraction, all specimens were amplified with specific primers, then part of them was cut with Mva1269I enzyme and the genotypes of individuals were determined. The results were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23 software by chi-square and logistic regression tests. Results: The two groups did not have a significant difference for mean age and body mass index. GT genotype was significantly different between the two groups and increased the risk of breast cancer by 1.86 folds in their carriers. None of the genotypes had any relationship with histopathological changes. Conclusion: The T mutant allele at G276T position of adiponectin had a decreasing effect on breast cancer, indicating that this result needs to be investigated in different populations with a larger sample size for confirmation.


Several hypermedia learning environments have been developed in the last years, with the objective of helping students to acquire specific concepts in a given domain, as well as problem-solving abilities. However, there are still many different and sometimes conflicting claims about learning effectiveness using such environments. We present an empirical evaluation of a learning hypermedia with a tutorial component that exploits Artificial Intelligence techniques. This hypermedia, called Logiocando, has been designed for use by a special category of user, namely children of the fourth level of primary school (9-10 years old), to help them to learn basic concepts of logic. This category of user demands special attention to usability of the hypermedia. For this reason, design and development of the hypermedia have been carried out following a learner-centred methodology, in order to build a system that satisfies clear usability objectives. The aim of the study herein reported was to evaluate the learning effectiveness of Logiocando and to estimate the difference between two approaches: computer-based using a hypermedia system, and traditional, namely a typical lesson in the classroom. The results have shown that the hypermedia can be considered a valid support in the process of learning and deepening a topic.


The measurement of an electromagnetic radiation field by a linearly accelerated observer is discussed. The nonlocality of this process is emphasized. The nonlocal theory of accelerated observers is briefly described and the consequences of this theory are illustrated using a concrete example involving the measurement of an incident pulse of radiation by an observer that experiences uniform acceleration during a limited interval of time.


Knowledge of the pathophysiology of human head injury is derived from several sources. Autopsy studies have yielded important basic information about the pattern of brain damage in fatal cases. Advances in clinical investigations such as CT scanning, intracranial, pressure monitoring and measurement of cerebral blood flow have provided new insights into the mechanism of brain damage during life. Animal models are continuing to provide important information. especially about events in the early stages after head injury. Recent studies ( I ) have emphasized the importance of diffuse brain damage after head injury. There is now less interest in the neurological and psychological syndromes produced by focal lesions. although these may be relevant with depressed skull fractures or with low velocity gunshot wounds of the head. We shall concentrate on aspects of head injury pathophysiology which are relevant to treatment and discuss the sequelae of 'impact head injury'. This is sustained when the head is accelerated after a blow or when the moving head undergoes sudden deceleration, as occurs frequently in road traffic accidents.


With the development trend of miniaturization of microelectronic packaging, the solder joints may serve at a very complex environment, contains electrical current, heat, and mechanical stress. In this article, the effects of extreme environment on interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMC) growth and fracture behavior of the SAC305/Cu samples were investigated. The thickness of IMC gradually increased and shear strength decreased during the aging process at 100 °C, -196 °C and 150 °C. Moreover, the thickness of the interfacial IMCs showed a linear function with t1/2 when stored at 100 °C and 150 °C. After 960 h of aging, the morphology of interfacial IMC at -196 °C changed to columnar, and the morphology of interfacial IMC at 150 °C and 100 °C changed to planar. The fracture behavior was dominated by ductile fracture at 100 °C. Numerous bulk-like Cu6Sn5 compounds could be observed on the fracture layer when the SAC305/Cu samples get stored for 720 h at 150 °C or -196 °C. Thus, the fracture behavior had become ductile-brittle mixed fracture at this time. The fracture location also moved from matrix to matrix/IMC layer interface. The research results provide some general design guidelines and concepts for optimization of performance of the SAC305/Cu solder joints in extreme environment.


In some paper whose aim is to detect the model of sustainable development, it is simple to note that the actual models present in the System of national Accounts (SEC, SNA), are not able to give the ecessary information about the relation between economy and environment. The main approaches in this field such as SEEA, NAMEA, SERIEE, SIP, still present problems as the difficulties to make a good classification, and to attribute the different types of pollution to the economic factor of pressure. This paper shows a statistical approach finalized to a partial solution of these problems. In particular, it is analysed an Italian region (Basilicata) with sufficient environmental statistical information about one kind of pollution. The aim is to make some statistic multivariate analyses of territorial typizations, of the variability of the observed phenomenon of different kinds of the pollution existing in the territory and finally, of the procedure to identify the economic variables of pressure. The results are encouraging in giving new possibilities to analyse pollution problem with a new approach (whereas in past, the dates were analysed only with the threshold value of the single monitored variables). This is useful both for the building up of integrate model of "economic and environmental National Accounts" and for the individualization of relations between economic and antropic activity and the respective environmental output.


Based on either a SOI wafer or a bulk-silicon wafer, we discuss silicon photonic devices and integrations for chip-level optical interconnects. We present the low-voltage silicon PICs on a SOI wafer, where Si modulators and Ge-on-Si photodetectors are monolithically-integrated for intra-chip or inter-chip interconnects over 40 Gb/s. For future chip-level integration, the 50 Gb/s small-sized depletion-type MZ modulator with the vertically-dipped PN-depletion-junction (VDJ) is also presented. We report vertical-illumination-type Ge photodetectors on bulk-silicon wafers, with high performances up to 50 Gb/s. We present the bulk-silicon platform for practical implementation of chip-level interconnects, and the performance of the photonic transceiver silicon chip.


The awareness of care provided by stroke care unit (SCU) nurses in Japan to patients with an acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and the characteristic differences in their actual nursing practice were evaluated. A cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey was administered to 1040 SCU nurses. Data collection and reporting procedures followed the STROBE Statement Checklist for cross-sectional studies. Exploratory factor analysis, using 52 observation items, identified eight factors with a factor loading > 0.4. For all factors, the actual practice was significantly lower than the awareness of the importance of nursing care for patients with acute CVA. Awareness and actual practice of recognition of patients' physical changes (RPPCs) were high. The actual practice of RPPCs and preventing the worsening of acute stroke and related symptoms varied, depending on years of experience in acute phase stroke care. RPPCs in actual practice had a significantly higher score among certified nurses or certified nurse specialists. Their awareness of the importance of collaborating with therapists was low. On-the-job training can improve nurses' competence and prevent worsening conditions in patients with CVA. An emphasis on enhancing practice experience toward patients with acute CVA and facilitating the deployment of certified nurses in SCUs can improve nursing care practice.


We investigate the dynamics of 2 promoters controlled genes in a repressing periodic (plasmid) cascade. It is shown that for plasmids having these type of genes the protein production is propagating in an oscillatory way depending on the delay time involved between transcription and translation. Biological implications are discussed.


The genetic mechanisms of carcinomas of the small intestine are not well understood. We report the results of analysis of genetic alterations in a case of small intestinal carcinoma. A tumor in the terminal ileum was resected in a 59-yr-old woman. Histologically, the tumor was classified as well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. We screened for genetic alterations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), β-catenin, K-ras, and p53 genes, as well as microsatellite instability, which are known to be involved in colorectal tumorigenesis. The tumor exhibited somatic interstitial deletion of 425-bp, which included the entire exon 3 in β-catenin gene. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed accumulation of aberrant β-catenin protein in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the malignant tissue. Furthermore, a frameshift mutation in the transforming growth factor β receptor type II gene with replication error phenotype was detected in the tumor DNA. In contrast, no genetic alterations were found in the APC, K-ras, and p53 genes. Our results suggested that both β-catenin gene mutation and replication error phenotype might contribute to carcinogenesis of the small intestinal tumor in our case. This is the first report that activation of β-catenin gene by somatic gene mutation is involved in the development of carcinoma of the small intestine.


In the winter months patients are frequently admitted to hospital in hypothermic coma. This was especially so the winter before last. Some are cases of myxoedema coma, and until now the prognosis has been poor. Of 74 cases of hypothermic myxoedema conveniently tabulated by Hyams (1963), only 19 (25 per cent) recovered. With adequate measures to supplement the specific treatment of myxoedema the figure might possibly be improved. The purpose of this paper is to re-emphasize the importance of maintaining the blood pressure of patients in myxoedema coma ; it has been stressed already by other authors (Catz and Russell 1961). Five cases are described, two observed by the author, one of which recovered. Of the other three, one recovered and is also still alive at the time of writing.


A novel classification algorithm was proposed for ground mobile targets based on magnetoresistive signals,as most of weapons have a character made from much steel or iron.According to the principle of different earth magnetic influence produced by diverse vehicles,a mobile target can be detected and classified with a simple computation method by a magnetic sensor.The detection sensor is used for collecting a disturbed signal of earth magnetic field from a mobile target.After some statistical samples are trained and a classification machine is designed,the target signal feature is tested for category pattern match.Three common targets were experimented.The experimented results are shown that the algorithm has a low computation cost and a better sorting accuracy,and can be applied to ground reconnaissance and target intrusion detection.


Strong antigenic changes were induced in two LI 210 leukemia lines (L1210 Cr and L1210 Ha) after several passages in CDF, and BDF, mice treated with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-l-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (DIG). The leukemic cells of both lines originally compatible with DBA/2 and related hybrid hosts elicited a pronounced allograft reaction in the same animals. The LI 210 Cr line was sensitive to the antitumor activity of DIG while L1210 Ha was not. Since no specific relationship could be found between the origin of drug resistance and the appearance of antigenic changes, any hypothesis based on selection of spontaneous mutants by DIG would appear to be excluded. In addition the possibility that DIG might play a direct role as a hapten on tumor cells was ruled out. DIG was found to exert a strong inhibition of the allograft reaction. However, the origin of antigenic lines could not be attributed to the immunosuppressive activity of DIG. It would appear that DIG acts in some way on tumor cells, changing their antigenic properties and preventing the immunoselection of the transformed cells by the host. It was suggested that DIG could activate a latent virus of LI 210 leukemic cells or induce somatic mutation at the level of histocompatibility antigens.


With the continuous growth of business volume and functional requirements, the application of major business systems is gradually implementing the upgrade from the Spring Boot architecture to the Spring Cloud microservice architecture. Due to the large degree of version change, it needs to undergo sufficient internal testing and external debugging. can be officially launched. Under the requirements of limited machine resources in the DMZ domain in the existing joint debugging environment and minimizing the exposure of the public network, the article proposes a dual-architecture application parallel and traffic switching scheme based on Nginx - F5, so that the test system has both The external debugging and testing function of Boot and Cloud architecture applications. This solution splits the requests of external merchants according to attribute identifiers such as merchant code, business type or provincial code, and a certain percentage, and forwards them to the microservice application system, so that the microservice The application of the service version has been fully debugged, providing a reference for system expansion and construction that requires parallel testing of large versions.


This study was undertaken to (a) define and describe the dimensions of fitness service attributes, (b) identify the differences, if any, between groups of subjects (categorized by sex and marital status) in the degree to which the defined attributes influenced their choice of a fitness club, and (c) develop a scale to measure those dimensions. The Scale of Attributes of Fitness Services (SAFS) was developed in three stages: generation of 71 items to measure the six theoretically derived dimensions, a pilot study (n = 178), and a final study (n = 436). In the final version of SAFS, 30 items were retained to measure five dimensions of fitness attributes: professional services, consumer services, peripheral services, facilities and equipment, and secondary services (such as provision of liquor and food). The results of the 2 x 2 x 5 (sex x marital status x dimensions) repeated measures AMOVA showed a significant three-way interaction effect. Despite differences among the four groups in the absolute ratings o...