Genetic bases of Characteristics of Agronomic Importance in Goiabeira-Serrana (Acca sellowiana) Taking into account the unique flavor and potential of the its fruits, the Goiabeira-Serrana (Acca sellowiana) it is being object of investigation through a Program of Genetic Breeding, established for Epagri. The success in the development of commercial cultivars it is highly dependent of the scientific knowledge of several aspects, especially of the magnitude of the genetic variance related to the characteristics to be bred, of the combining ability of the genitors and of the determination of the genetic mechanisms responsible for the main agronomic traits. In this context, this work was conceived to determine the genetic bases for characteristics of agronomic importance, based on a diallel crossing involving six genotypes. The experimental design consisted of a RCB, with four repetitions, being each plot constituted of 10 plants for the progenies F1 and of 5 plants, in the case of genitors. The data collected on plants refer to the characteristics: Plant height (AP), Diameter of the stem (DCa) and Diameter of canopy (DCo). The quantitative characteristics related to the fruits were: Fruit Weight (PF), Relationship length/diameter (CD), Resistance of the peel (RC), flesh yield (RP), Solids Contentens (SST) and Acidity (ATT). The qualitative characteristics were: Fruit format, Insert of the sepals, pulp Color, Consistence of the peel, Rugosity, Coloration and Shine of the peel, Productivity and Presence of vacuous between peel and pulp. The averages of the quantitative characteristics were submitted to the Analysis of Variance, followed by the test LSD. The other variables were submitted to the non parametric analysis, based on the χ test. The estimate of the genetic parameters was obtained with the employment of the model IV of Griffith (1956). The treatment effect was considered as fixed and decomposed in general combining ability (CGC) and specific combining ability (CEC). In three pre-selected crossings based on the origin of the genitor, the genetic characterization was accomplished with the use of microsatellites markers. Later, possible associations were analyzed between markers and phenotypic characteristics. Taking together the results of both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the genitors and progenies, it can be conclude that the genitors of interest are (i) 85 because it presented high fruit weight; however, with high peel resistance and flavor without attraction and (iii) the genitor 458, highly productive and with high flesh yield. Diallel analysis revealed that the addictive effect of the genes was predominant on the characteristic Plant Height. On the other hand, the high values of CEC


Abstract This paper presents an overview of chosen concepts of irony as a communicative unit in the repertoire of the speaker. It adopts a framework of narration with emphasis on how minds in interactions co-construct meanings. Irony, which means more than it says, is always used with a specific attitude attached. Irony is thus an act of narrating the speakers' mind, but in the speaker-hearer meaning perspective. Due to the fact that there is no narration without a text and no irony without narration, this paper links the Theory of Narrative Line and Narrative Field (Bokus, 1991, 1996, 1998) with a few selected views on the theory of irony (e.g., Clark and Gerrig, 1984; Sperber and Wilson, 1981, 1984) and research results. It also explains how the Cooperation Principle (Grice, 1975) is flouted and again recreated in the process of sharing meanings. Further, we refer to linguistic bias (Maass et al., 1989) and highlight perspective shifting in narration, which can change along the 'narrative line' and within the 'narrative field.' This paper builds a platform for combining the theories of irony with fields of narration. This perspective situates irony as a vehicle hinged in dialectics between the explicit and the implicit, the like and the dislike, the truth and the falsehood, the praise and the criticism. All of these can be read from irony.


The influence of aerosols to the atmosphere has been discussed in the context of the Earth radiation budget and global climate change. Therefore, precise monitoring of aerosol parameters is important for better understanding of their real characteristics and impacts on the environment. In this study, we report on a novel method of concurrent measurements of aerosol near the surface level by means of slant-path (SP) and plan position indicator (PPI) lidars. The SP lidar utilizes a diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm, while the PPI is based on a Nd:YLF laser at 349 nm. The PPI system including the laser transmitter and telescope section is rotated over 360° for covering all the horizontal directions with the maximum observation range up to around 3 km. At the same time, the SP lidar is employed for monitoring the near surface region that cannot be covered by vertical observation lidars. Furthermore, the backscattered signals recorded by both PPI and SP lidars are analyzed using the Fernald method to retrieve aerosol extinction coefficient by employing lidar ratios for 349 and 532 nm. These values of lidar ratio are estimated by adjusting and fitting parameters in the Mie scattering calculation (mode radius, variance, and both real and imaginary parts of refractive index) to real data from ground-based sampling instruments, namely, the scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient, and size distribution observed with an integrating nephelometer, an aethalometer, and an optical particle counter, respectively. Real-time values of the extinction coefficient inside the atmospheric boundary-layer are derived as the summation of scattering and absorption coefficients. The results are then compared with those from a vertical lidar, operated by the National Institute of Environmental Studies (NIES) on the campus of Chiba University. We discuss the observed features of aerosol characteristics that vary both temporally and spatially.


Novels like Fight Club or American Psycho are said to be instances of unreliable narration: the first person narrator presents an evidently distorted picture of the fictional world. The film adaptations of these novels are likewise said to involve unreliable narration. I resist this extension of the term 'unreliable narration' to film. My argument for this rests on the observation that unreliable narration requires a personal narrator while film typically involves an impersonal narrator (corresponding to the camera viewpoint). The kind of ambiguous story-telling that we find in literary fiction with unreliable narrators, where for certain descriptions it is unclear whether what we're told is an accurate account of what's happening in the story world or not, can instead be achieved by conventionalized filmmaking techniques for reporting the contents of mental states, like the point of view shot, but especially the more ambiguous blended perspective shot.


The present study aimed to evaluate the content on environmental issues present in textbooks used in high school biology. Five works were evaluated by considering the following criteria: update; theoretical content, quality and use of graphics and pro-learning approach. The results demonstrate a brief overview of the content of the environmental issues, but current and consistent with the specificities available in the literature on specific topics. However, it was noted the absence of key information considered, such as the consequences of the environmental problem to environmental health, how people can contribute to the control or eradication of the environmental problem and examples of human activities that contribute to the occurrence of environmental problem. Thus, this study reinforces the need for continuous assessment of content present in biological textbooks, called attention to the importance of critical teacher worked on the content in the classroom and textbook and conveyed by finally contributes to the reflection that the book is a tool that should complement the teaching work, but that should not be the only teaching resource to be used.


Peter Howie favourably reviews the book 'Too Good to Last: The Death of a Caring Culture' whilst also honouring the legacy of it's author, Dr. Robert Crawford and the unique healing institution that he developed and led at Queen Mary Hospital, Hanmer Springs, Aotearoa New Zealand.


Various FCC metals and alloys (Al, Cu, α-brass, Al-bronze, austenitic stainless steel) were deformed under high strain rate conditions. The Taylor anvil test was utilised for experiments. Diameter and hardness of loaded specimens were measured; transmission electron microscopy was used for the evaluation of dislocation structure. Results could be summarised as follows: Both diameter and hardness (plastic deformation) bear the evidence of the interaction between reflected elastic stress waves and plastic deformation front. Dislocation structure proves that no undeformed region exists in the specimens, the variations of dislocation cell size with distance from impact surface in high stacking fault energy (SFE) materials divide the specimens into three regions.


UNLABELLED

PREMISE OF THE STUDY
Floral nectars of many species contain antimicrobial chemicals, but their function in nectar is subject to debate. Previously, we have shown that Erwinia tracheiphila, the causative agent of bacterial wilt disease in cucurbits, can be transmitted via the floral nectaries. •

METHODS
We used a disk diffusion assay (DDA) to determine the antimicrobial effects of nectar from a wild gourd on lawns of Escherichia coli and Erwinia tracheiphila. We also used E. tracheiphila to inoculate flowers of wild gourd plants, with and without nectar. •

KEY RESULTS
The DDA showed that paper disks saturated with 10 μL of nectar inhibited the growth of E. coli on a larger area of the lawn than 40% glucose but a smaller area than 5% ampicillin for 12 h. On lawns of E. tracheiphila, nectar inhibited growth on a larger area than glucose for 24 h and there were no significant differences between ampicillin and nectar for12 h. A significantly larger proportion of the plants inoculated via flowers without nectar contracted wilt disease than plants with nectar. •

CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate that nectar reduces transmission of E. tracheiphila via the nectaries and reveal the potential for florally transmitted pathogens to influence the evolution of floral traits.


Of all the commonplace antitheses of literary history none seems more solidly justified than that which opposes Descartes to Pascal. Critics, depending upon their prejudices, have taken sides with either Pascal or Descartes, with either religion or reason. Pascal, whose total view seems more comprehensive, has received the lion's share of favorable comment. To many, his wider awareness, allowing for reason and more-than-reason, makes Descartes appear insufficient and incomplete. The little religion in Descartes is seen chiefly as an excrescence, or a strategic back-tracking: Descartes, seeing the dangerous implications of his rationalism, attempts the always unhappy marriage of Faith and Reason, one he regards as at best a mariage de convenance. Pascal, on the other hand, with his divorce of Faith and Reason, is on "le véritable chemin." In short, Descartes pays the lip-service to Religion which Pascal pays to Reason.


We report the electrochromic properties and surface structures of NiO films prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and by spin coating (SC). The NiO films made by CBD exhibited large electrochromic color change compared with those made by SC. Surface micrographs observed by means of scanning electron microscope showed that the structure of the NiO film made by CBD was porous, while SC film had a smooth surface. The large transmittance change of CBD film is due to the porous structure of the CBD film. In addition, we show the transmittance change of CBD film depends on the deposition time, and it has a maximum value at a certain deposition time.


People talking about YANG Xiong's thought on human's nature usually adopt his Fa Yan as their basis, insisting that his thought represents the school of human's nature is a com-bination of good and evil and standing that his thought on human's nature lacks the basis of in-ternal transcendence, close to XUN Zi's thought. On the contrary, this paper adheres that YANG Xiong's Tai Xuan contains abundant thought on human's nature, and to study his thought on human's nature, we ought to base on Tai Xuan. YANG's thought on human's na-ture departed from his thought on the universe, possessing a strong spirit of transcendence. Basing on the structure of the five elements, YANG Xiong put forward a much concrete tran-scending way. His thought is close to that human's nature is inherently good-hearted.


The paper introduces the kinds, resources and detriments of hydraulic system oil contaminants and offers the hydraulic oil contamination control ways from design, manufacture and assembling etc. It also discusses the contamination control in hydraulic components manufacture.


Based on analysis of the traditional measuring method for dynamic drift of gyroscope, the principle and structure design of a novel testing system for dynamic drift of gyroscope in the conditions of high and low temperature is introduced. The system is controlled by computer software. The core parts of the system are CCD camera, image collection and processing. The software of image processing is written using VC. By adopting a fast algorithm not only the movement track of target is captured and plotted, but also the dynamic drift of gyroscope can be calculated automatically. The experimental results show that test system is very simple and practical and its resolution of the small angle measurement is better than 18′.


M.H. LAINE, M.T. KARWOSKI, L.B. RAASKA AND T.‐M. MATTILA‐SANDHOLM. 1996. The present study demonstrates the siderophore production of two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and two of Ps. chlororaphis. The antimicrobial activities of these strains were studied against Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. Despite equal siderophore activities with various Pseudomonas spp. as measured by the chrome azurol S assay, the study shows how siderophore activity does not correlate with the antibacterial activity against food pathogens or with the antimould activity against pathogenic moulds. Furthermore, the results illustrate how siderophores are able to act both as growth inhibitors and stimulators.


Since there is not a very suitable dynamical leader selection model for formations control of the multi-robot system, we propose an affection-based dynamic leader selection strategy. A leader selection modular is used to switch the leader autonomously according to the cognized environmental statement based on two virtual affections, disappointment and abashment. The disappointment of followers will increase with the time spending in the awful scenario. When it exceeds a certain threshold, the followers will broadcast an unsatisfied signal. The abashment value of leader changes with the unsatisfied signals received from the followers and flutters with its own status at the same time. When the abashment value goes beyond the threshold, the leader re-selection process will be triggered. The abashment threshold is determined by the theoretic calculation. Plenty of simulation results show that the multi-robot system with dynamic leader-follower strategy has more probability of getting out of the woods, and also promote the survivability rate in the leader falling situation by re-selecting a leader autonomously.


A double complex for computing the sign-cohomology of the universal ordinary distribution by G. W. Anderson Down-up algebras and Witten's deformations of the universal enveloping algebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ by G. Benkart Localizations of Grothendieck groups and Galois structure by T. Chinburg, B. Erez, G. Pappas, and M. Taylor Invariant stable bundles over modular curves $\mathbf{X(p)}$ by I. V. Dolgachev Okubo algebras and twisted polynomials by A. Elduque Some new results on modular forms for $\mathbf{GL}(2,\mathbb F_q[T])$ by E.-U. Gekeler Counting jump optimal linear extensions of some posets by H. C. Jung The irreducible representations of categories by M. Kosuda Prounipotent prolongation of algebraic groups by A. R. Magid Graded simple Jordan algebras and superalgebras by C. Martinez The centralizer algebra of the Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak p(n)$ and the decomposition of $V^{\otimes k}$ as a $\mathfrak p(n)$-module by D. Moon Drinfeld-Anderson motives and multicomponent $\mathbf{KP}$ hierarchy by I. Yu. Potemine Weil classes and Rosati involutions on complex abelian varieties by Yu. G. Zarhin and B. J. J. Moonen On some open problems related to the restricted Burnside problem by E. Zelmanov.


The DNA of ancient viruses first spotted in the Neanderthal genome has been identified in modern humans. Whether the viruses cause disease, however, is not yet clear. In 2010, researchers unveiled the genomes of two extinct groups of human--the Neanderthals and the Denisovans. This revealed that some humans have inherited a few per cent of their DNA from their extinct cousins. Ever since, geneticists have been poring over the ancient DNA sequences for an insight into Stone Age life. One of their goals has been to find signs of endogenous retroviruses, viruses that invade cells and worm their way into DNA.


Technology is the most crucial link among three links of encrypts. This article has introduced various pre- dynamic-state tracing technologies at present, analyzed the realization principles of different technologies and technological details. And these work has directive significance for software encrypt workers.


Tranched cover structures in Smes financing represent an effective way to evaluate collateral real assets, and in particular those provided by the Credit guarantee consortia monetary fund.They are also able to reduce banks' capital requirements, producing positive effects on the cost of credit to the final borrower.


CHAPTER I. CONCEPTS OF LIKENESS.........................18 CHAPTER II. METHOD, PROPORTION AND GEOMETRY. . . . 44 CHAPTER III. ICONOGRAPHY ........................... 68 A P P E N D I C E S.............................................. 84 N O T E S . ...................... 91 BIBLIOGRAPHY...........................................103 V I T A ....................................................112


A contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed a pseudoaneurysm arising from the inferior wall of the LV (Fig. 2). The patient underwent urgent surgical repair of the aneurysm by Dor procedure (Fig. 3), but unfortunately he died during surgery. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm (LVP) results from a cardiacfree wall rupture contained by adherent pericardium or scar tissue without any myocardium or endocardium. The most frequent cause of LVP is transmural myocardial infarction. Other causes include cardiac surgery (especially mitral valve replacement and coronary bypass grafting), endocarditis or trauma. LVPs are associated with a high mortality rate because of the high propensity of rupture and enlargement. Left ventriculography provides a definitive diagnosis in more than 85% of patients (1). However, as in the present case, the pigtail catheter can be inadvertently positioned in the pseudoaneurysm cavity (Video 2). Unfortunately, this diagnosis was missed in his previous coronary angiographies. Double-chambered left ventricle (DCLV) is a rare congenital condition that an anomalous muscle bundle or septum divides the ventricular cavity into two chambers. The differential diagnosis includes an LV aneurysm or a diverticulum. In contrast to LVP, DCLV contains all layers of the myocardium and contracts synchronously with the LV (2). A ventricular diverticulum results from a developmental abnormality resulting in an outpouching in the ventricular wall, unlikely to presenting late in life. Although a diverticulum has similar findings to those of DCLV, it differs from DCLV in having a relatively narrow neck connecting the diverticulum to the LV (2). Pericardial cysts are usually located in the right cardiophrenic angle. They adhere to the pericardium directly or by means of a peduncle (3). In the present case, there was no pedicle.


Incest is now covered by French law. This paper describes three sessions of network family therapy with a 13-year-old boy who committed a sexual offense. Through the help of an exceptional drawing, the boy was able to depict his own psychic upheaval and his identification with his aggressor. He constructed his identity as a "chimera" comprised of two people. His dissociative identity was resolved after the trial of his abuser and thanks to therapy.


This text presents some analyses of 4- and 5-year-old children's video-taped play with gendered dolls and figures in a Swedish preschool setting. Based on sociocultural and semiotic theory, the analyses try to identify in what ways boys and girls play differ and how the play can be understood as mediated by the gendered character of the dolls and figures used. It was found that social and cultural gender stereotypes, represented in the dolls and figures used, were reflected in most of the play episodes that were analyzed. The boys play with figures representing masculine men were mainly instrumental and the boys identified themselves with the aggressive thematic built into the toys. Girls play with dolls representing feminine women was mainly relational as the girls were involved in inter-subjective relations with the dolls. This was found to be enabled and supported by the character of the feminine dolls themselves and their accessories. Some examples of children's strategies to overcome constraining designs of dolls were also found.


Some books are like parents, grandparents or old friends. They have been with us from our earliest days and one treats them almost with familiarity. They belong to one's youth and the recognition that they have been around for months and years keeps company with surprise. For philosophers such a book is A. J. Ayer's Language, Truth and Logic, first published over fifty years ago in 1936. There is a sense in which a similar point may be made about some individuals, but discretion and good manners should deter us from succumbing to the philosophical disease of pressing an analogy too far. Suffice it to say that over a period during which most English speaking philosophers were content (or perhaps constrained) to work within a context which was significantly influenced by Ayer's clear and cajoling formulation of a twentieth century of empiricism, F. C. Copleston provided one of the few distinctive alternative philosophical perspectives on major metaphysical questions. This essay will reflect upon the influence of Ayer's Language, Truth and Logic some fifty years after its publication, upon the philosophical discussion of religion and theological questions.


The desire to obtain maximum yields of polyoma virus from infected mouse tissue culture lysates prompted us to examine more closely the interaction between virus and cell fragments. The objective w...


Natural products represent a reservoir of diverse templates and are being tapped to outsource novel anticancer agents. Hemidesmus indicus R.Br.(Fam: Asclepidaceae) has been reported to be useful for the treatment of inflammation, cuts, wounds, burns, snake bite, skin and blood diseases, ulcers, immunological disorders. In the present study, the methanolic extract of the roots of Hemidesmus indicus, was investigated against human colon cancer cell line (HT29) to explore its anticancer potential. The effect of Hemidesmus indicus methanolic extract (HIME) on proliferation of HT29 cancer cell line was determined by microculture tetrazolium assay (MTT). The cells were exposed to μg/ml) of HIME or vehicle for 48 h. Cisplatin (5, 2.5 and 1.25 μg/ml) acted as positive control and vehicle (DMSO) as negative control. Following treatment, the cells were exposed to Tetrazolium dye (5mg/ml) for 4 h. The formation of the purple coloured formazan complex was dissolved by adding DMSO (100 μl) and read at 490 nm using ELISA microtiter plate reader to determine the inhibitory concentration, IC 50. About 40% increment in cell killing was seen when the dose of HIME was increased from 1.5-25 μg/ml. At concentration of 100 μg/ml, 49.81%, cytotoxicity was recorded. The IC 50 value of HIME was 1.8964 μg/ml after 48 h of incubation. In this study, it was observed that HIME induces a concentration dependent inhibition of HT29 cells, with an IC 50 value of 1.8964 μg/ml after 48 h of incubation.


In psychoanalysis, the gaze, which distinguishes itself from its visual function by its erotic dimension but also as it implies the Other and his parole, it constitutes the cornerstone of this illusionary formation that is the narcissism. During puberty, both the transformation of the genitals and the transformation of the body as a whole fundamentally modify the gaze a teenager has into himself and the others have into him. The use of toxic substances is precisely and singularly solicited at this stage where the body is object of the desire to see and to be seen. Taking this into account, this thesis aim to understand the function of cannabis within the pubertal process, considering the importance of the role of the gaze regarding to reshuffle identity, reshuffle of the phallic symbol and the ideals. This study, which relies on a clinical analysis of several patient cases of adult drug addicts — repetitive users of cannabis since adolescence —, deeply leads us to explore the unconscious stakes related to the addictive process. The eye revolving of the drug addict actually tells us about his grand dependency to the other's gaze, and the paradoxical usage of Pharmakon appears to be both a call for the other's gaze and a desperate attempt to escape the other's gaze.


In fact,the Comfucian idea of justice and benefit have a dual character.asking a gentleman to think about all moral principles at the sight of profits;coping with the mutitude to make them rich before teaching them.etiquettes.They had a lot of influence on the civil and economic laws of ancient China.At present,the Confucian idea of justice and benefit agree with the principes and systems of the civil and economis law,which can promote developing of the civil and economic laws of China.


Abstract Khamti Shan features the marking of perfectivity comprised of three clause-final particles, one perfective and two imperfectives, each emerging from the basic verbs, yau¹ 'finish', u⁵ 'live', and nam⁵ '(be) extensive'. While the perfective category is straightforward, the imperfective category shows an unusual bifurcation, the first imperfective marker accommodating continuatives and habituals and the second imperfective marker working exclusively with the nominal predicate construction, clauses of potentiality (hortatives, futures), and the progressive construction. All three particles of perfectivity develop from lexical sources, with the pathways 'finish' > completive > perfective and 'live' > continuous/progressive > imperfective being well-documented across languages. The pathway 'extensive' > imperfective, on the other hand, appears unique to Khamti Shan. I motivate the usage of these perfectivity particles (primarily) with a semantic-cognitive analysis.


Endocrine dysfunction
in thalassaemia is amongst the most common complication and is principally
attributed to excessive iron overload and suboptimal chelation. The prevalence
is quite high particularly in multiethnic populations but determining the
prevalence is often difficult due to the widespread heterogeneity of the population
and timing of exposure to chelation therapy. Disturbances in growth, pubertal
development, abnormal gonadal functions, impaired thyroid, parathyroid and
adrenal functions, diabetes and disorderly bone growth are commonly encountered.
Early detection and institution of appropriate transfusion regimen and
chelation therapy and treatment of complications are the keys to managing this population
including regular follow. In this article, we review the literature in
relation to the various endocrine complications encountered in thalassaemia.


A experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of the protein source on the performance and haematology of broiler chickens on cassava peel-based diets using fishmeal and groundnut cake as protein sources. In a 42 days feeding trial, a total of 192 Anak, four weeks old, unsexed broiler chickens with average initial body weight of 0.685±0.0027 (mean±SD) were divided into two groups of diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% dried cassava peel meal. Birds in one group had fishmeal as protein source while the other had groundnut cake. Each diet was offered to three pens of 8 birds each. Final live weight, weekly weight gain, feed and protein intake, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios, haematology and corpuscular indices were not significantly affected by protein source. Fishmeal inclusion resulted in higher (p 0.05) serum cholesterol than groundnut cake inclusion. It was concluded that groundnut cake could serve as protein source for broiler chickens without any adverse effect on performance indices.


Covid-19 disease has been linked to a high risk of hyper- coagulability that can severely condition the evolution of this respiratory syndrome in the acute phase; and also due to the possible sequelae of a chronic thrombosis, as is the case of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism; or due to complications associated with anticoagulant treatment such as bleeding.


During clinical practice, students become acquainted with the key work tasks associated with their professions. Students need more support from healthcare educators during clinical practice learning, particularly in challenging situations. This study aimed to describe healthcare educators' experiences of challenging situations during clinical practice placements. A qualitative study design was used to collect data through interviews with ten healthcare educators from two higher education institutions. The data were analyzed with inductive content analysis. The SRQR reporting guidelines were used to improve the transparency of the study. Educator reactions commonly involved emotional, goal-oriented and pedagogical support towards their students. The interviewed educators felt that mentors – when facing a challenging situation during clinical practice – are tasked with creating an atmosphere that supports student learning. Students faced challenges that were related to self-evaluation, goal-oriented activities, and their attitudes towards feedback. The building of a safe clinical learning environment involves collaboration between students, their clinical mentors and educators.


The propagation of detonation in a liquid explosive (nitromethane) that has been precompressed by a shock wave is investigated experimentally. An explosive donor charge is used to transmit a shock wave into a capsule containing a tube of test explosive (sensitized nitromethane) perpendicular to the direction of the compressing shock wave. The shock wave compresses the liquid in the test capsule, then reflects from a steel anvil and further compresses the liquid. A detonation then propagates through the tube of shock‐compressed liquid at velocities as large at 7.5 km/s. Propagation of the detonation is recorded with an electronic streak camera, and the degree of compression is measured using a manganin gauge. The observed velocity as a function of the degree of compression is compared to predictions of detonation velocity as a function of density.


As the 2010 harvest gets started, a great deal of yield variability can be expected in many fields. Farmers with crop insurance coverage need to be organized in order to submit timely claims for indemnity payments or provide records for Actual Production History (APH). Seven tips to help with crop insurance coverage during harvest include the following.


Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the utilization efficiencies of electric energy and photosynthetically active radiation of lettuce grown under red LED, blue LED and fluorescent lamps with different photoperiods. Methods: Red LED with peak wavelength of 660 nm and blue LED with peak wavelength of 450 nm were used to analyze the effect of three levels of photoperiod (12/12 h, 16/8 h, 20/4 h) of LED illumination on light utilization efficiency of lettuce grown hydroponically in a closed plant production system (CPPS). Cool -white fluorescent lamps (FL) were used as the control. Photosynthetic photon flux, air temperature and relative humidity in CPPS were maintained at 230 μmol‧m −2 ‧s −1 , 22/18°C (light/darkness), and 70%, respectively. Electric conductivity and pH were controlled at 1.5-1.8 dS‧m −1 and 5.5-6.0, respectively. The light utilization efficiency based on the chemical energy converted by photosynthesis, the accumulated electric energy consumed by artificial lighting sources, and the accumulated photosynthetically active radiation illuminated from artificial lighting sources were calculated. Results: As compared to the control, we found that the accumulated electric energy consumption decreased by 75.6% for red LED and by 70.7% for blue LED. The accumulated photosynthetically active radiation illuminated from red LED and blue LED decreased by 43.8% and 33.5%, respectively, compared with the control. The electric energy utilization efficiency (EEUE) of lettuce at growth stage 2 was 1.29-2.06% for red LED, 0.76-1.53% for blue LED, and 0.25-0.41% for FL. The photosynthetically active radiation utilization efficiency (PARUE) of lettuce was 6.25-9.95% for red LED, 3.75-7.49% for blue LED, and 2.77-4.62% for FL. EEUE and PARUE significantly increased with the increasing light period. Conclusions: From these results, illumination time of 16-20 h in a day was proposed to improve the light utilization efficiency of lettuce grown in a plant factory.


In the socialist system in China,the principle-agent relationship of state-owned stock enterprises means people-government-holding company-stock company.This relationship covers both general and special aspects.On the one hand,the general is in line with the emphasis on principle-agent theory in western economics;on the other hand,the specialty lies in digging out the key issue from the actual situation and finding out its solution.


The present invention relates to a supramolecular polymer comprising quadruple hydrogen bonding units within the polymer backbone, wherein at least a monomer comprising a 4H-unit is incorporated in the polymer backbone via at least two reactive groups up to four reactive groups, provided that the 4H-units are not covalently incorporated in the polymer backbone through one or more silicon-carbon bonds. The invention also relates to processes for preparing such supramolecular polymers and their use in personal care applications, surface coatings, imaging technologies, biomedical applications, (thermo)reversible coatings, adhesive and sealing compositions and as thickening agents, gelling agents and binders. -----------Data supplied from the esp@cenet database http://ep.espacenet.com This Patent PDF Generated by Patent Fetcher(TM), a service of Stroke of Color, Inc. Patent provided by Sughrue Mion, PLLC http://www.sughrue.com


Abstract VAT evasion caused by the growth of carousel fraud has recently led to significant VAT revenue losses in the EU. Carousel fraud works such that intra‐EU firms repeatedly carry out cross‐border supply and purchase of goods and services, leading to the fraudulent retention of revenue. This study discusses three reform models of the VAT system in Germany, whose implementation would open up further possibilities for tax evasion and lead to a considerable increase in administrative costs.


Herman Melville's first published story, "Fragments from a Writing Desk" (1839; released in two parts in the Democratic Press, and Lansingburgh Advertiser ), reimagines nineteenth-century American narratives of disabled female figures. In the first installment, Melville's amorous narrator, L.A.V., quotes extensively from British romantic books of beauty, anthologies that gathered the best works from famous authors. In the second, Melville critiques L.A.V.'s exuberant citations, cultivating an alternative aesthetic we term "silent elo-quence." This essay argues that Melville's early diptych reimagines deformed texts and disabled bodies by means of a deaf woman called "Inamorata." Inspired by emergent deaf American communities, institutions, and forms of expression, and literary works by an array of deaf and hearing writers from James Nack and John R. Burnet to Washington Irving and Sarah Josepha Hale, Melville's first fiction presents an early account of the communica-tive power of difference. Inamorata's various, artful modes of expression— handwriting, signing, gestures, and expressions—put literary beauties and disabled bodies in conversation. Presenting nineteenth-century American readers with a new aesthetic vocabulary, "Fragments" simultaneously anticipates aspects of Melville's major works and develops a concept of beauty capable of encompassing multiple senses, modes of address, experiences, and ways of knowing.


In this thesis we attempt to capture the motivation of the trainees to participate in one of the most important areas of adult education, the vocational training. More specifically, it was studied whether the participants' motives were internal or external in the following three programs: "Voucher Scheme for Labour Market Entry which applies to young persons aged 18-24 willing to gain work experience in private companies ", "Voucher Scheme for Labour Market Entry which applies to young persons aged 25-29 willing to gain work experience in private companies΄΄ and ΄΄Voucher Scheme for unemployed graduates΄΄. The above-mentioned programmes were held at Evros Prefecture during the period from 2014 to 2015. The Thesis includes detailed introduction in the field of adult education, followed by a detailed presentation of the specific programs and the corresponding actions around the globe, and the European objectives and guidelines for vocational training. For this research, we used the quantitative analysis on the results collected using questionnaire from 109 trainees. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. The results showed strong external motivation and their expectation was to improve their communication skills and their professional development.


In order to solve the contradiction between the widespread use of hazardous chemicals and the low efficiency of supervision, a novel information management scheme is proposed. As the core, a set of cabinet storage management system for hazardous chemicals is developed. The system is deployed on Android mobile terminal and adopts MVC architecture. It integrates automatic control technology, sensing technology, communication technology and computer technology. Intensive management of hazardous chemicals, operators, storage cabinets and reagent storage environment is realized. The system effectively solves the problems of unclear classification of hazardous chemicals, chaotic storage, imperfect management system and insufficient safety factor of management means. After functional tests, the system has good performance and has been put on line in relevant units.


This letter presents a new type of wearable robot, called the Hybrid SuperLimb, which integrates voluntary human movements and the autonomous reactive control of a robotic limb. Some degrees of freedom (DOF) of the SuperLimb are powered by human body movements and are controlled voluntarily and directly by the human, while other DOF are powered by robot actuators and are controlled automatically. A data-driven methodology for identifying the subspaces of voluntary and reactive control is developed for bimanual manipulation. It is applied to support hemiplegic patients' use of a knife and fork. The bimanual operation of a knife and fork demonstrated by a healthy subject is measured. Correlation data analysis reveals that a few DOF of the hand holding a knife are not significantly correlated with any other DOF, indicating independent, voluntary movements. Furthermore, a few DOF are strongly correlated with the fork movements and, thereby, predictable. The latter can be replaced by robot actuators controlled autonomously with a regression prediction. A prototype hybrid SuperLimb is designed and tested. The motion of a patient's foot is transmitted to activate the voluntary DOF, which is associated with cutting motion. Two robotic actuators are controlled using a principal component regression predicting the knife position in response to the fork movement.


The analysis of motorcycle crashes in Kansas shows that fatal motorcycle crashes consisted of 12.6% of total fatal crashes in 2008, even though all motorcycle crashes consisted of only 1.7% of total crashes. In view of these statistics, this study aimed to find out contribution of various factors on the fatal motorcycle crashes in Kansas. The logistic regression was used to identify contribution of crash characteristics, motorcycle occupants, vehicles and contributing circumstances on fatal motorcycle crashes. A contingency table analysis was also performed to examine if any relation existed between these factors and motorcycle crash severity. Results from the logistic regression revealed that aggressive motorcycle maneuver like overtaking, older aged motorcyclists, dark street light conditions, riding motorcycle during night time, complex surface characteristics, collision with other motor vehicles, animal and fixed objects, and alcohol involvement had increased the level of risk to be involved in a fatal motorcycle crash. On the other hand, defensive motorcycle maneuvers like slowing or stopping, use of helmets and eye protection had decreased the risk of involving in a fatal motorcycle crash. The contingency table analysis also showed that most of these same factors were related to motorcycle crash severity in Kansas.


The viscoelastic properties of fibre-core cable used in mine hoist are studied. First, the force-displacement relation is examined by considering the interaction between the fibre-core and the outer part of the cable, and the possible viscoelastic features are discussed. Though a single steel wire is elastic material at room temperature, the cable as a whole may show viscoelastic properties due to the interaction mentioned above. Then a viscoelastic model is proposed to capture these properties of the cable. Uni-axial tension tests are performed for two kinds of cable in different diameters, and notable stress relaxation is observed. Based on the experimental results, parameters in the viscoelastic model are determined. It is shown that the model presented here is suitable for characterizing the viscoelastic properties of the hoisting cable. In a mine, the cable and the drum are the basic equipments. Sometimes the drum endures the danger of buckling under the excessive compression from the cable. These results may serve for rational design of the drum by considering the stress relaxation.


The ∼500 meter long near-Earth asteroid (NEA) Itokawa, recently visited by the Hayabusa spacecraft [see 1], has a cratering record that is significantly under-saturated for craters below ∼100 m in diameter, with meter-scale craters almost nonexistent. The cratering record in this size range is similar to that on Eros, where the depletion of small craters was shown to be consistent with erasure by seismic shaking [2,3]. Using the model of [4], which tracks crater production and erasure, and including a parameterized version of seismic shaking erasure from [2,3] which has been scaled to account for Itokawa being significantly smaller than Eros, we are able to reasonably reproduce Itokawa's cratering record. Even though Itokawa is an NEA, the majority of its craters would have been formed by main-belt impactors. We have tested the best-fit main-belt populations of [5] and [6,7], and find that [6,7] provides the best fit to Itokawa's crater size distribution. That impacting population is also found to be consistent with the cratering records on Gaspra, Ida and Eros. There is still an overdepletion of craters smaller than ∼10 m in diameter on Itokawa, beyond that which is easily explained by equilibrium seismic shaking erasure in our model. Possible explanations that we are exploring include stochastic effects such as a well-timed large impact, or a change in the physics of seismic shaking for very small asteroids. The most significant uncertainty in this type of modeling is the scaling law used to convert impactor diameter into crater diameter. Using a hydrocode-based scaling law [8], we find that Itokawa's cratering record can be matched after ∼100 Myr of exposure, whereas using a scaling law based on explosion cratering in rock [9], we find that it takes ∼1000 Myr. Uncertainties in the scaling law, therefore, translate to substantial uncertainties in the estimate of Itokawa's age.


In this study, we begin by analysing the guiding legal principles and international standards that States must consider when developing laws, programs, and policies to protect indigenous women's human rights. Besides, we try to find out what priority issues States are trying to address. Once we establish the theoretical framework, we will review how, in practice, the Inter-American Commission and Court have examined some of the leading cases concerning the protection of the economic, social, and cultural rights of indigenous women. All this will lead us to understand the bases of indigenous women's worldview. Thus, we can propose the (de)construction of their legal status, which should suggest a necessary conquest of public spaces and conceive them as individuals, protecting their honour and recognizing their dignity.


We present the design,fabrication,and characterization of two new types of terahertz photoconductive emitters.One has an asymmetric four-contact electrode structure and the other has an arc-shaped electrode structure,which are all modified from a traditional strip line antenna.Numerical simulations and real experiments confirm the good performance of the proposed antennas.An amplitude increase of about 40%is experimentally observed for the terahertz signals generated from the new structures.The special electrode structure and its induced local bias field enhancement are responsible for this radiation efficiency improvement.Our work demonstrates the feasibility of developing highly efficient terahertz photoconductive emitters by optimizing the electrode structure.


In this paper, we report findings of a major difference between Mandarin and English in terms of means of marking major prosodic boundaries. We performed detailed duration analysis on two large corpora, one in each language, using pre-labelled break indices as a reference indicator of boundary strength. Results showed that pre-boundary syllable duration stops increasing beyond break level 2 in Mandarin, but continues to increase in English. Meanwhile, the duration of silent pause significantly increases beyond break level 2 in Mandarin, as if to compensate for the lack of continuous syllable lengthening, while the increase in English is much less significant. Despite the robust difference, therefore, crossboundary temporal distance, consisting of durations of both final syllable and silent pause, seems to be a common marker of boundary strength in both languages.


Communication represents a piece of news, a report, a connection. Cyberspace is a concept that builds on the belief that there is some kind of actual space behind the screen. Together are a way of learning in the future.


The present invention relates to a dynamic range expansion method and apparatus for a display device. The dynamic range expansion unit by dividing a display panel, the screen of the display panel where the RGBW data writing into a plurality of local area using the bi-lateral filter for calculating a local adaptation level divided by the local region of the data of the input image adaptation level calculation section, the transfer curve generator for generating the high gradation and the transfer curve where the junction between the input gradation and output gradation reference straight line as determined by the local adaptation level modulation by modulating the local adaptation level on the lower gray scale, the RGBW conversion section, and gamma correction on the RGBW data to convert the data stretching unit, data stretching the RGB data to modulate the RGB data of the input image on the basis of the transfer curve in the RGBW data to the pixels of the display panel and a write driver for a display panel.


Objectives: To determine the frequency of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus infection in pregnant women and to assess whether it is more common in multigravida as compared to primigravida. Study Design: A Descriptive Cross Sectional study was carried out in the out patient department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics department of Military Hospital ,Rawalpindi from August to October 2010. Patients and Methods: An open and close-ended questionnaire was self designed for this purpose. Data relating to Medical, Surgical, Gynaecological and Obstetric history, with particular references to hospital admissions and intravenous interventions was collected through convenience sampling. One hundred and forty pregnant women were questioned. Results: The age of patients varied from 21 to 45 years (mean age 28.66 years). Out of 140 females, 44 (31.4%) females were primigravidas while 96 (68.6%) were multigravidas. In this study only 8 (5.7%) females were found positive for HBsAg and 18 (12.8%) females were found positive for HCV antibodies by third generation ELISA. It was observed that 0% primigravida and 8.3% cases of multigravida were HBsAg positive cases (p = 0.049). Frequency of HCV was 4.5% in primigravidas and 16.7% in multigravidas (p = 0.047).Various risk factors like, history of blood transfusion 27.1% ,and IV injection 91.4 %, were identified. The hepatitis B vaccination rate was only 24.3%. Conclusion: The frequency of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection was 5.7% and 12.8% respectively in pregnant females as compared to the general population. The multigravidas were at a higher risk of HBV and HCV exposure than primigravida.


To be effective users of computer technologies and be models for students' computer use, teachers must have positive computer attitudes and feel self-efficacious in using them. The computer training that teachers receive through their teacher education program is likely to foster positive computer affect, yet the change may require time and development. This longitudinal study examined prospective teachers' changes in perceived anxiety/discomfort with and usefulness of computer technology, frequency of using word processing, e-mail, spreadsheets, database management, statistical packages, and CD-ROM databases, and perceived self-efficacy with the six selected computer technologies over three years of study. Statistical analyses of data involved three time periods and two student-teacher cohorts. Significant time effect, cohort effect, and time by cohort interaction effect are discussed. Technology is having a significant influence on the future of education. In some cases, computer technology has manifested its potential in helping teachers facilitate students' problem-solving skills, scientific inquiry, understanding of abstract mathematical concepts, communication skills, and workplace competencies (Office of Technology Assessment, 1995). Current learning theories, such as constructivism, emphasize using computer technology as a tool to access and organize information, and to construct personal knowledge. On the other hand, the Office of Technology Assessment (1995) reported that "despite technologies available in schools, a substantial number of teachers report little or no use of computers for instruction" (p. 1). Marcinkiewicz (1994) found that more than half of the teaching population displayed a pattern of under use or non-use of computer-related resources in schools. Evans-Andris (1995) examined 72 elementary teachers' computing styles. What was found was that more than half (60%) o f the teachers avoided using computers and treated computer lab visits as an aimless activity. Many teachers have doubts about computer technology and their own ability because computer technology was not part of their learning experience. In addition, the rapid evolution of computer applications in education appears to further complicate the situation. Therefore, teachers must have positive computer attitudes and feel self-efficacious in using computer technologies in order to model effective computer use for their students. THEORETICAL AND RESEARCH BACKGROUND Computer Affect Affect such as attitudes, values, and self-judgments can exert a profound effect on behaviors. Negative emotions are more likely to deter a person from trying new things, while positive affect tends to strengthen a person's belief and promote productive behavior (Campbell & Williams, 1990). The construct of computer attitudes has multiple dimensions. A substantial amount of literature suggests that computer anxiety can be a great obstacle for educators' computer adoption (Gabriel & MacDonald, 1996; Hakkinen, 1995; Handler, 1993; Hunt & Bohlin, 1993; Kernan & Howard, 1990; Koohang, 1989; Liu, Reed & Phillips, 1992; Loyd & Gressard, 1984; McInerney, McInerney & Sinclair, 1994; Reed & Overbaugh, 1992; Reed & Overbaugh, 1993; Robertson, Calder, Fung, Jones & O'Shea, 1995; Stimmel, Connor, McCaskill & Durrett, 1981). Stressful encounters with computers are likely to cause an aversive predisposition toward the object. Many studies also measured attitudes toward computer usefulness to help predict computer behavior . Campbell (1992) found that college students' attitudes toward the usefulness of computers were predictive of their enrollments in college computer courses. Marcinkiewicz (1994) reported that teachers' perceived relevance of computers for teaching was one of the factors that influenced their motivation to integrate computers into teaching. Perceived self-efficacy is defined as "personal judgments of one's capability to organize and implement actions in specific situations that may contain novel, unpredictable, and possible stressful features" (Schunk, 1984, p. …


and acute and chronic infl ammation of the wall. The large cyst was partially fi lled with necrotic debris and no neural elements could be identifi ed. He was discharged home postoperatively to the care of his parents. He died 10 days later. A prenatal ultrasound at 18 weeks' gestation demonstrated a male fetus with an occipital meningocele, a Dandy-Walker malformation, and enlarged cystic kidneys. The pregnancy was otherwise uncomplicated. The patient was born at 34 weeks' gestation by cesarean section. Based on the triad of fi ndings on ultrasound he was diagnosed with Meckel-Gruber syndrome. He was discharged home shortly after birth for comfort care due to the universally poor prognosis associated with Meckel-Gruber syndrome. In spite of his poor prognosis, he was noted to be sucking, feeding, and gaining weight. He was referred for neurosurgical evaluation due to the large size of his meningocele, which caused considerable diffi culty for the parents in caring for the neonate ( fi g. 1, 2 ). Upon presentation at 10 days of age, he was noted on examination to have a large fl uctuant bilobed occipital mass. His fontanelle was fl at and soft with slightly splayed sutures. He had normal facial features and a well-formed palate. He had normal fi ngers and toes, both in number and in appearance. He demonstrated an abnormal breathing pattern, consisting of intermittent episodes of labored respirations at an increased rate, only to return to normal again. MRI confi rmed the prenatal ultrasound fi ndings ( fi g. 3, 4 ). The occipital meningocele was removed and the post-operative course was unremarkable. Pathology demonstrated a cystic structure with vascular proliferation


Continuous operation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) with dry methane fuel was performed with a low loading of Pd-Ni catalyst on a lanthanum chromite based porous composite anode at 1073-1173 K. Synergy of Pd and Ni catalysts was observed for the direct oxidation of methane. The maximum power densities with the Pd-Ni/composite anode were 150 mW cm -2 at 1073 K and 360 mW cm -2 at 1173 K. No physical damage was observed for the SOFC during the exposure experiment of the Pd-Ni/composite anode to methane under open circuit conditions. A suitable reaction scheme is proposed for the Pd-Ni synergy catalysts for the direct oxidation of dry methane.


Bi 0.98 La 0.02 Fe 0.70 Sc 0.30 O 3 (BLFS) thin films have been prepared on LaAlO 3 substrates by a sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction patterns of the film show strong (100)-preferred orientation. Room-temperature dielectric and ferroelectric properties have been studied using interdigitated electrode structure. It is observed that the La doping enhanced the ferroelectric polarization at room temperature. Remnant polarization and coercive field of the films are 25.2 μC/cm 2 and 275.2 kV/cm, respectively. The remnant magnetization and magnetic coercive field values are 9.3 emu/cm 3 and ∼90 Oe. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that BLFS films contain less Fe 2+ compared to BiFeO,.


Methodologies of activation barrier measurements for reactions with deactivation were theoretically analyzed. Reforming of ethane with CO2 was introduced as an example for reactions with deactivation to experimentally evaluate these methodologies. Both the theoretical and experimental results showed that due to catalyst deactivation, the conventional method would inevitably lead to a much lower activation barrier, compared to the intrinsic value, even though heat and mass transport limitations were excluded. In this work, an optimal method was identified in order to provide a reliable and efficient activation barrier measurement for reactions with deactivation.


An alkali-stable β-amylase was purified from Nagaimo, a cultivar of yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and two-step column chromatographic procedures on α-CD-Sepharose CL-4B and DEAE-Sephacel. Analysis by SDS-PAGE revealed the enzyme to be a monomeric protein with a 56 kDa molecular mass. This enzyme was stable for pH 4.0-12.0 at 4°C for 24 h. During two months, its activity remained about 40% at pH 9.5, but it fell below 20% at pH 5.0. Other properties such as optimum pH (5.6), and molecular mass resembled those of previously reported β-amylases. Thermal stability of this enzyme was not very high, either. From these results, this enzyme appears to be a good model for studying β-amylase stability.


AND THEN WE WORK FOR GOD: RURAL SUNNI ISLAM IN WESTERN TURKEY Kimberly Hart Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013 (x + 292 pages, bibliography, index, photographs) $24.94 (paper)Kimberly Hart's And Then We Work for God is a richly descriptive ethnog- raphy that challenges assumptions of clear divisions between the religious and secular, sacred and profane, rural and urban, and modern and traditional. Those categories, Hart shows, are inextricably woven together in daily life. At its best, the book provides a wealth of detailed and contextualized examples that push the reader to think of rural life as deeply connected to the urban, rather than spatially and temporally removed from it. In doing so, it helps to reposition dominant categories of analysis about Turkey, encourages new scholarship on the material making and unmaking of these categories, and documents the everyday negotiations through which individuals engage with the world.The book draws upon over a decade of research experience in the Yuntdag region of western Turkey, where Hart moved between the villages of Yeniyurt and Kayalarca. Though geographically quite close, the two locales seem to occupy different worlds. The former is a village in which "traditional" ways of life continue; the latter, largely by dint of its well-known weaving cooperative, has been transformed by greater flows of people and capital. In Hart's ethnography, the former becomes a site in which to grapple with questions of the Ottoman past; the latter, a stage for questions about a neo-Islamist future. Moving between these two villages helps Hart make two linked arguments: First, the "rural" functions both as a problematic category of analysis and as an ideologically loaded term in Turkish politics and culture. Moving away from this categorization, her work demonstrates that the content of the "rural" depends as much on the network of relation- ships within which a village is embedded as it does on putatively local factors. Second, and perhaps more importantly, she helps to provincialize much recent scholarship in Turkish studies, noting not only "the dearth of books on rural and provincial Anatolia, and indeed the other big cities" but also "the Istanbul-centric assumption . . . that the city is the relevant location of all study" (41). One might broaden her argument to interrogate a broader trend in Middle East studies of studying the urban at the expense of the rural.Following her introduction, the book opens with two chapters about time. The secular time of the Turkish Republic (chapter one) stands in con- trast to an Islamist future grounded in an Ottoman past (chapter two). Hart then explores the practice of charity in detail (chapter three), arguing that it plays a central role in the way that villagers establish their moral distinction. Chapters four and five explore the relationship between space, gender, and religious practice. Hart turns to the practice of the wedding in chapter six, describing how wedding rituals in Kayalarca were "purified" of their cultural traditions; this process, she argues, shows that villagers are not remote from the (religious) politics of urban life, and are important agents of spiritual, economic, and cultural transformation (168). Chapters eight and nine are both about movement beyond the village. In the former, Hart follows the Suleymanci community, one of several Naksibendi orders (tarikat) in con- temporary Turkey, to Bamberg, Germany, and back again; in the latter, a trip to the seaside provides an occasion for a thoughtful closing discussion of the ways that the lived practices of Islam are interwoven with practices of nationalism and of self-consciously "secular" lifestyles.Hart's book makes an important intervention with regard to current scholarship's emphasis on the "urban." In developing this detailed and ambi- tious ethnography, she provides an opportunity to see the mutual imbrication of the rural and the urban, and the traditional and the modern. …


Experimental and numerical results of heat transfer by mixed con-vection in a ventilated cavity are presented. The results wereobtained for a 1.0 m 1.0 m 1.0 m cavity. The inlet and outletdimensions were of 0.08 m 0.08 m, and the air velocity at theinlet was set to 0.1 and 0.5 m/s. The left wall receives a uniformand constant heat flux whereas the right wall was maintained at aconstant temperature. Experimental and numerical results of tem-perature profiles and heat transfer coefficients are presented andcompared. The results showed that the variation of the Rayleighnumber increases about 1% the percentage differences betweenexperimental and numerical values, and the maximum percentagedifferences on heat transfer coefficients are 2.0% forRa¼2.7 10


Objective:In order to provide the data resource for rational administration to resist pathogenic bacteria G~+,we have re- searched the category potency of the commonly used antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria G~+ in our hospital.Methods:953 stains of the pathogenic bacteria G~+ have been segregated from 2978 samples,then the automatic microbion analysator VITEK 32 was used to identify strains and test the drug susceptibility of 16 antibiotics.Results:953 strains of pathogenic bacteria G~+ belong to 11 categories.Staphylo- coccus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,hemolysis Staphylococcus,Streptococcus viridans and enterococcus are five main kinds of pathogenic bacteria G~+,accounting for 30.3%,17.3%,15.1%,9.8% and 6.8%,respectively.Among the 16 kinds of antibiotics tested, penicillin (24.22%),illotycin(26.22%),cephazolin(28.06%),phytomycin(30.52%) and cidomycin(31.06% ) are five kinds of antibi- otics with the lowest average potency for pathogenic bacteria G~+.The antibiotics with an entirely best potency are chelat-new-Tailin (93.72%)vancocin(82.62%)and ambramycin(78.68%).Conclusion:the results showed that more and more antibiotics for pathogenic bacteria G~+ has a potency of gradually decreased tendency.


The calculation of short-circuit current of doubly-fed variable-speed pumped storage unit (DFVSPSU) is studied, this paper studies the analytical expression of short-circuit current from the flux transient process. Based on the transient analysis method of three-phase short-circuit current of DFVSPSU, this paper firstly establishes the mathematical model of DFVSPSU and the transient equivalent circuits of stator and rotor when three-phase short-circuit fault occurs in the grid. The transient process of stator and rotor flux faults is analyzed, and then the expressions of steady-state and transient components of stator flux after faults are obtained. On this basis, the expression of three-phase short-circuit current of DFVSPSU is derived. Simulation verifies the accuracy of the three-phase current expression proposed in this paper. This paper studies the influence of the distance between the short-circuit point and DFVSPSU on the feedback short-circuit current under pumping operation mode, and proposes the distance of short-circuit point that can ignore the influence of feedback short-circuit current, which provides technical support for safe and stable operation of pumped storage power station.


The financial and cultural implications of people growing older in developed countries around the world are of increasing interest and concern to government, community and industry stakeholders. A key emerging problem is that some retirees do not have sufficient asset liquidity to finance post-retirement consumption needs, even though they may own substantial assets in the form of housing equity in which Australians have traditionally held a substantial proportion of their wealth. However, the actions of many Australians are at odds with behavioural lifecycle theory which predicts that in the later years of life, individuals should de-accumulate assets (including housing equity) to support retirement consumption needs. Housing also does not readily fit in the ambit of Modern Portfolio Theory. The family home has potential to undergo a revolutionary change from a direct investor private financial asset to a more flexible, and even securitised, financial instrument, taking into account its function for individuals, families and communities. Financial products in retirement are beginning to undergo reframing to accommodate the financial and cultural dynamics inherent in housing equity release. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of housing equity in supporting retirement consumption and income needs, and its potential in easing financial stress in retirement. Using the comprehensive panel of data in the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey and other sources, this paper will present data to improve our understanding of housing as part of Australian household portfolio composition and the experience of homeownership for different Australian households. The research focuses on the Australian context for evidence of the determinants that support homeowners in building wealth, and aims to identify the issues that impact upon home equity de-accumulation. This research has important implications


I would like to tell readers about my recent experience of auriculotherapy. After taking off from Merignac, the plane flew in parabolic arcs (figure 1), executing 31 of these in the space of 3 h at an altitude of 10 km. A parabolic flight includes three phases:

Figure 1
The different phases of a parabolic flight (downloaded from http://www.eurospacecenter.be).

Finally, the plane follows a normal trajectory for 2 min, a period of time that is necessary for piloting reasons and to allow the passengers to recover. After this, the plane begins the next parabolic arc (figure 1). Three fighter pilots take turns piloting, as it is physically too difficult for a single pilot to carry out the entire parabolic flight on his own.

Space sickness is extremely violent, and I had never experienced anything like it before. It is in no way comparable to sea or motion sickness. One enters a 'state of shock' with a drop in arterial pressure, motionlessness, a pale grey face and sudden uncontrollable vomiting. Those not affected 'fly' to the rescue of …


Background: To see if employing a low pedicle screw density in the posterior therapy of Scheuermann kyphosis is safe, radiologically effective, and clinically effective. Methods: Patients with Scheuermann kyphosis underwent posterior surgical correction between 2016 and 2019. Low Screw Density, peri apical Ponte osteotomies and cantilever correction maneuver were our surgical technique for deformity correction. Two observers performed a radiological evaluation of the before and postoperative Spinopelvic parameters. Validated Arabic version of Scoliosis Research Society 22 questionnaire were used to assess the preoperative and postoperative clinical results. Cost saving analysis was performed. Results: This study enlisted the participation of thirty patients. The patients mean age 21.8 ±3.4 years and mean follow up 34.8±7.9 months. The mean surgical time was 165.33 ±17.9 minutes , the mean number of osteotomies was 4.2± 0.8 , and the mean blood loss was 770± 139.3cc.The mean preoperative dorsal kyphosis 87.5°±4.6 °and the mean postoperative dorsal kyphosis 43.1°± 3.7° at final follow up (P<0.001).The mean preoperative scoliosis research society 22 questionnaire 2.8±0.4 and the mean postoperative scoliosis research society 22 questionnaire 4.3±0.8 at final follow up (P<0.001). Conclusions: Posterior Surgical Intervention with low Screw Density construct and periapical Ponte osteotomies is safe , radiologically , clinically and cost effective way in surgical management of Scheuermann kyphosis. Study Design: Prospective Cohort Study. Level of Evidence: Level IV.


From 2000-2008, the NSA AERI hatch was determined to be indicated as open too frequently. Analysis suggests that the hatch was actually opening and closing properly but that its status was not being correctly reported by the hatch controller to the datastream. An algorithm was written to determine the hatch status from the observed


Introduction: Care for extremely premature newborns has provided important results in the survival of these children. Objective: To characterize the morbidity profile in the first year of life among high-risk newborns. Materials and Method: This is an exploratory research carried out at the follow-up clinic for high-risk newborns in the north of Minas Gerais. Data collection referred to admissions in the period from March 2014 to April 2015. The instrument included characteristics: demographic, social, pregnancy and delivery conditions, postpartum complications and health conditions of children monitored during the first year of life. Descriptive statistical analysis and the chisquare test were performed, assuming a significance level of 5% to compare the distribution of morbidities by weight range. Results: A total of 282 newborns participated in this study, 53.9% of whom were male. Among the mothers, 58.2% were multiparous and 35.8% were hypertensive. Regarding birth weight, 59.6% of newborns monitored weighed less than 1500 grams. The main morbidities identified in the first year of life were delayed neuro-psycho-motor development, upper airway infections, neurological disorders and chronic respiratory conditions. Statistically significant differences were recorded for delayed neuro-psycho-motor development (p<0.001), neurological complications (p=0.008) and episodes of diarrhea (p=0.047), between birth weight ranges. Conclusion: Outpatient care for high-risk premature newborns contributes to the identification and prevention of recurrent diseases in this population.


This essay looks at the idea of tradition from the specific ways in which Chilean literary history has constructed it. More specifically, its aim is to study...


HF (5MHz) imaging of lunar surface was attempted using off nadir echo data of Kaguya Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS). LRS observation data of multiple orbits were processed and mapped onto a surface which was defined based on the Kaguya Digital Elevation Model. The transmitting/receiving antenna of LRS is a dipole antenna which illuminates lunar surface on both sides of orbit, consequently, in a single-orbit observation, a detected target location has ambiguity in terms of the side of the orbit. However, use of multiple orbit data enables to resolve this ambiguity problem, i.e., radar illumination is controlled. We demonstrated this HF imaging technique by reconstructing surface images of Rupes Recta region using LRS observation data of 61 orbits. Control of radar illumination was confirmed by the presence/absence of Rupes Recta image in the reconstructed surface images. As it was anticipated, the reconstructed surface images presented false images which were identified as mirror images of major surface features. We also carried out simulation of these LRS observations of 61 orbits over the Rupes Recta site using Kirchhoff-approximation Surface Scattering (KiSS) simulation code. Comparison of the images of LRS observation and those of KiSS simulation exposed some discrepancies. Our interpretation is that the discrepancies are attributed to shallow subsurface scatterings which the KiSS simulation does not take into account. This implies the possibility of imaging shallow lava tubes by LRS, although we did not find one in this particular site of Rupes Recta region.


Objective To evaluate the result of modified Sugiura procedure in the management of portal hypertension. Methods From 1993 to 2003, 473 patients with portal hypertension underwent surgery including pericardial devascularization in 313 patinets and modified Sugiura in 98 patients. Results There were 13 perioperative deaths (4.2%), 5 anastomotic leakages (1.6%) and 17 rebleedings (5.4%) in pericardial devascularization group, and 1 perioperative death (1.0%), 1 leakage (1.0%) and no rebleeding in modified Sugiura group. The follow-up rate was 88.2% in pericardial devascularization group and 91.8% in modified Sugiura group respectively, in a period from 6 months to 10 years. Gastroscopy and barium examination made six months later proved varices disappearence in 183 patients (66.3%), improvement in 88 patients (31.9%) in pericardial devascularization group, and varies disappearence in 82 patients (91.1%), improvement in 8 patients (9.9%) respectively in modified Sugiura group. Conclusion Modified Sugiura procedure allows a lower perioperative mortality, rebleeding and complication rate.


This article was conceived while writing the dissertation defended in March 2010 in Londrina State University, entitled LITERATURA AFRO EM CONSTRUCAO: A PERSPECTIVA DA ANCESTRALIDADE BANTU EM PONCIA VICENCIO, DE CONCEICAO EVARISTO, in which it portrays the search for the conception of freedom by black people in the urban environment, the degree to which it requires greater autonomy, being, however, more restrictive privacy because of the difficulty, already present in the history that they have faced in public. It also points out at the attempt by other people, located on the banks of the text, of finding their ethos . The search value of black people is evident, therefore, when they talk about themselves. There is identification with their environment to discover their memories as beings that are a reflection of the tension and the representation of mimesis and antagonism in their lives. Keywords: Bantu ancestry; African-Brazilian literature; Poncia Vicencio ; invisibility; trajectory;


Based on numerical solution of Sweden slice method,the paper establishes Monte-Carlo reliability analysis calculation model,and then,analyses on the stability of the front slide part of Lengdu complex slope,which lies in Shangrila County,Yunnan Province.The calculation result shows that the complex slope body has higher stability and reliability,while the stability will be much lower at the condition of raining and earthquake,so it is required for engineering reinforcement.


Relationships between objects in space are key to the enterprise of design and construction, and designers are constantly evaluating them during the creative process. Building Information Modeling (BIM) aids this process by providing a modeling platform where objects are embedded with information, which can be extracted on demand. The object Interaction Query (oIQ), part of an ongoing student project developed at the MIT Design and Computation Group, proposes a novel way to query BIM models, not only for geometric properties and dimensions (direct query), but also about the relations among the components (indirect query). By including the queried objects' context and interrelations as part of the computation, the implemented prototype tool is able to provide feedback on complex interactions and conflicts in the design environment. The oIQ approach and its implementation are developed as integral parts of the design process, allowing users to perform customized queries through a graphical user interface in which users can easily apply their expert knowledge and design preferences to the model's evaluation. The possibility for a user to not only design queries to suit specific and local needs but also to combine rules of different characters, aids the design process by allowing for fast and informed decision making, a task that was, up until recently, based solely on human cognitive capacities, i.e., "expert knowledge", provided by different AEC specialists.


The present invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations and tablet compositions of the pharmacologically active substance of formula I is an estrogen receptor modulators, and to their preparation process. [Of 4]


A discussion involves the possible use of the infra-red spectroscopic method for studying the non-structural microcomponents of sapropelic and mixed types of trace organic matter in concentrates of debutimenized kerogen. In specially selected collections of kerogen concentrates characteristic relations between the features of chemical structure and the genetic type of non-structural microcomponents of organic trace matter were identified. These reflect the specificity of the initial material and the conditions of its accumulation and transformation. The use of the infrared spectroscopic method was shown to make possible a more precise carbon-petrographic diagnosis of non-structural microcomponents of mixed organic trace matter forms. 2 tables, 5 diagrams, 12 references.


In many situations, we are interested in selection of important variables which are adequate for prediction under a censored regression model (known as the " Tobit " model). In this paper, some selection procedures based on the information theoretic criteria are proposed, and these procedures are proved to be consistent.


The influence of pulsed magnetization history in pulsed electromagnetic actuator on system output mechanical parameters has been discussed. Hysteresis behavior of pulsed linear electromagnetic actuators considerably degrades the precision and stability of impact energy system's performance. In this paper, a method is developed to provide stability for the dosed impact energy in pulsed linear electromagnetic actuators. Theoretical conclusions and experimental results have been provided.


2 Anton-Tay, F.; Diaz, J. L., and Fernandez-Guardiola, A.: On the effects of melatonin upon human brain. Its possible therapeutic implications. Life Sci. 10 (1): 841-850 (1971). 3 Barchas, J.; DaCosta, F., and Spector, S.: Acute pharmacology of melatonin. Nature, Lond. 214: 919-920 (1967). 4 Hishikawa, Y.; Cramer, H., and Kuhlo, W.: Natural and melatonin-induced sleep in young chickens. A behavioral and electrographic study. Exp. Brain Res. 7: 84-94 (1969). 5 Kopin, I. J.; Pare, C. M. B.; Axelrod, J., and Weissbach, H.: The fate of melatonin in animals. J. biol. Chem. 236: 3072-3075 (1961). 6 Lerner, A. B.; Case, J. D.; Takahashi, Y.; Lee, T. H., and Mori, W.: Isolation of melatonin, the pineal gland factor that lightens melanocytes. J. amer. chem. Soc. 80: 2587 (1958). 7 Marczynski, T. J.; Yamaguchi, N.; Ling, G. M., and Grodzinska, L.: Sleep induced by the administration of melatonin (5-methoxy-jV-acetyltryptamine) to hypothalamus in unrestrained cats. Experientia 20: 435-437 (1964). 8 Wurtman, R. J. and Axelrod, J.: The formation, metabolism and physiologic effects of melatonin in mammals; in Kappers and Schade Structure and function of the epiphysis cerebri. Progress in brain research, vol. 10, pp. 520-528 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1965). 9 Wurtman, R. J.; Axelrod, J., and Kelly, D. E.: The pineal (Academic Press, New York, 1968).


Physicist, biologist, mathematician, Doctor of Physical-Mathematical Sciences, 1988; Candidate of Biological Sciences, 1973, (b. Moscow, Russia, 1946). Address: Department of Biomechanics, Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, M. Kharitonyevsky pereulok 4, Moscow, Russia 101830, E-mail: email@example.com. Fields of interest: biosymmetry, self-organizing systems, geometry, solitons, genetic code, biomechanics. Awards: State Prize Award, 1986. Publications: (1981) Biomechanics, Bionics and Symmetry, Moscow (in Russian); (1988) Geometries of Living Nature and Algorithms of Self-organization, Moscow (in Russian); (1999) Biosolitons. The Bases of Soliton Biology, Moscow (in Rusian); (2001) The Bi-periodic Table of Genetic Code and Number of Protons, Moscow (in Russian); Non-Euclidean geometries and algorithms of living bodies Computers & Mathematics with Applications, (1989) 17, 4-6, 505-534; Symmetric-algorithmic properties of regular biostructures, Symmetry: Culture and Science, 1 (1990), 3, 295-312; Highest biosymmetries and the concept of replication morphogenesis, Symmetry: Culture and Science, 3 (1992), 1, 60-61.


A building comprising a support tube covering the opening and operatively connected to the support tube and is configured to be wound on the support tube panels. The panel comprises a support sheet and operatively connected to the support sheet at least one cell. Said at least one cellular material comprises a blade, which is operatively connected to a first side of said support sheet; and a cellular support member, which is operatively connected to the blade material and is arranged with respect to the panel is the extended position of the support tube a distance away from the support sheet supporting the blade material.


The embodiment of the invention provides a traffic-free application downloading method, terminals and a server side. The method comprises the steps that the server side receives an application downloading request transmitted by the first terminal, finds the second terminal according to software information carried by the application downloading request, location information of the first terminal and transmission information of the first terminal and transmits a transmission channel opening request to the second terminal, wherein the second terminal is in a distance range capable of transmission relative to the first terminal and has a target application program, and the transmission channel opening request includes transmission information of the first terminal; afterwards, the server side receives transmission information, replied by the second terminal, of the second terminal and transmits the transmission information of the second terminal to the first terminal; the first terminal establishes connection with the second terminal according to the transmission information of the second terminal and acquires a software package of the target application program from the second terminal through the connection. Accordingly, the mobile terminal can perform traffic-free application downloading anytime and anywhere.


In the article the essence of the development of the creative potential of personality. Also stressed was the importance of development of creative potential of the teacher in work with children. Taken landmark self-education and self-development of the teacher in the field of development of creative potential of children of preschool age.


SUMMARYThe haustorium of the uredial stage of Cronartium flaccidum in Vincetoxicum hirundinaria was studied with TEM. The observations concern the haustorial mother cell and its relation to the host cell wall, the penetration peg, the shape and the cytoplasm of the haustorium and some host cell organelles in relation to the haustorium. The presence of collars was noted. These features are similar to those described for host-dikaryotic haustorium relationship in other rusts. The extrahaustorial matrix however shows a unusual development. In fact, it wraps the whole length of haustorial neck although it is separated from the haustorial neck wall by the extrahaustorial membrane doubled in this region. The probable significance of this host-parasite interface, perhaps limited to the genus Cronartium, is discussed.


Experiment was conducted on preparation of activated carbon by Phyllostachys praecox cv.prevernalis as raw material,with KOH as activator.Analysis was made on its microstructure,surface functional groups,specific surface area and pore structure with SEM,specific surface area analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.The result showed that under the rate of charcoal and Alkali of 1:4,activation temperature at 800℃,activated carbon prepared by Ph.praecox cv.prevernalis had specific surface area of 510.9m2/g,total pore volume of 0.238cm3/g,average pore size of 1.87 nm.


The Casimir energy is calculated in one-, two- and three-dimensional spaces for the field with generalized coordinates and momenta satisfying the deformed Poisson brackets leading to the minimal length.


Text linguistics, which is one of the relevant fields of linguistics in our modern times, was born in the 20s of the 20th century and began to be formed in the 50s and 80s. As the name suggests, the main research object of text linguistics is the text itself. If we consider the word text in general, the word text can have two different meanings. That is, this word can be considered to be both in a broad sense - macrotext, and in its opposite narrow sense - microtext. The microtexts in a narrow sense combine to form macrotexts with a broad meaning. In this case, the concept of complex syntactic whole coincides with the concept of microtext. So, macrotexts are a collection of complex syntactic entities. While a single sentence expresses a complete idea, a complex syntactic whole expresses a complex idea, any particular information. Complex syntactic whole is a syntactic unit in which two or more sentences are connected by syntactic and formal relations. The group of sentences forming the basis of the text has been named by different scholars with different terms. For example, V.G. Kolshansky paragraph, I.R. Galperin, I.O. Moskalskaya discourse, K. Abdullayev complex syntactic whole, V. G. Admoni large syntactic whole and others used different terms. The term complex syntactic whole is more appropriate as the sentences in the text form certain unified whole.


This study discussed the use of village funds before and after the 2018 earthquake inJenggala Village. The purpose of this study focused on knowing aspects of planning,implementing and evaluating village funds in Jenggala Village, Tanjung Subdistrict, NorthLombok Regency. This study uses the structuration theory of Anthony Giddens whichexplains the concepts of agents and structures, as well as the relationship of structures toagents' social practices. This type of research is qualitative research with a case studyapproach. Data collection uses interviews, observation, and collecting variousdocumentation. The results showed that during the planning, implementation and evaluationof village funds in Jenggala Village, agents and structures had changed before and after theearthquake. The pattern of utilisation of village funds in Jenggala Village prior to theearthquake was more focused on the field of physical development at 80.76 percent and forthe empowerment of village communities it was allocated 19.24 percent. However, after theearthquake the pattern of utilisation of village funds in Jenggala Village experienced a shiftand changes in priority programs. The physical development program after the earthquakewas only allocated 37.72 percent and focused more on aspects of empowering ruralcommunities which reached 62.28 percent. The lack of community participation, the limitedbudget of village funds and the delay in the issuance of Regents Regulations after theearthquake have become obstacles in the utilisation of village funds in Jenggala Village.


Several water disputes among various parties in the Platte and Arkansas River Basins may have significant impacts on future land use practices. This paper describes five cases being litigated in either state water courts, the United States Supreme Court, or federal district courts. Aspects of the cases are reviewed, and the implications on near and long-term water management and land use practices are discussed.


The paper poses the question as to whether the African National Congress (ANC) an be considered as the party for change having governed South Africa for twenty years, since the dawn of democracy in 1994, given the general elections that are to take place in May of 2014. It argues that although it was the revolutionary party that ushered in democracy in 1994, it is no longer the party for change. It appears to be worn out. In exemplifying this important aspect the paper will discuss certain characteristics of the state and government under its twenty year rule, such as election promises, good governance problems, human rights issues, Judicial accountability, unspent cash and water problems, basic educational resources, subsistence farmers and poor implementation, a frail currency and effects on productivity, and economic and enduring inequalities. The paper synthesizes the thought processes of various articles and the authors therefore project on these salient issues within the body of this paper. The paper does not exhaust the issues enumerated above and does not pretend to do so. It however, opens up a serious debate and does not impinge upon the analysis of other writers. It is hoped that the paper will open up a platform for sound and reasoned academic debate and discussion.


The main problems energoeffektivnosti municipal power system of Ukraine, analyzes the main indicators of the industry, whose results we can say that the industry is amunicipal power system profound state of crisis, and it threatens national security.
The basic directions of state policy for overcoming the crisis state of the municipalpower system, as a means of improving energy efficiency of the national economy as a whole.


According to variance changing laws of a precise rotor radial rotating error motion, it can be proved that the rotor's motion track is characterized by fractional Brownian motion. Then non-dimension fractal box counting dimension has been adopted to describe the rotor's radial rotating error motion, and it also be taken as a parameter to estimate the complexity of axes motion track. At last, Hurst exponent was adopted to describe the stability of axes rotating motion.


In order to evaluate the fracture toughness of concrete, this article has employed extended finite element method (XFEM) to predict the maximal fracture loading of three-point bending beam with initial notch. The result of numerical test has manifested the limited loading is about 57 KN, which would induce the directed fracture over cross concrete beam. When the loading magnitude is about 0.5 times of the limited loading, a shakedown situation would happen, and the concrete would not occur unsteadily and ultimate fracture under this loading conditions. Keywords-concrete; initial crack; numerical simulation; crack propagation Concrete has become one of the most common building materials in civil engineering, just as beam, column and shear wall of building structures, which are often reinforced concrete consisted of concrete and reinforcement. Seismic performance and safety of reinforced concrete structures are attracting more and more attention, the damage and fracture behavior of concrete have been the focus of research in the world. The domestic scholars have also conducted a great deal of research. Xu Shi-liang[1] proposed double-K fracture criterion for fracture mechanics of concrete. Tang Chun-an, Yangtse Rive Scholar and profession of Dalian university of technology, focused on fracture mechanism and numerical simulation of concrete and rock [2]. Ref. [3] implemented new damage model coupled plasticity for concrete to simulate damage behavior of concrete in FEM software Abaqus via UMAT subroutine. And some scholars used extended finite element method (XFEM) to study on fracture damage behavior of concrete [4-5]. Jin Feng[6], profession of Tsing hua university, imported the subroutine named User Defined Element (UEL) to implement XFEM to simulate the fracture of concrete, based on FEM software Abaqus. Abaqus offers the technologies necessary to include fracture and failure in the syringe design process. The extended finite element method (XFEM) allows for the analysis of crack initiation and propagation along an arbitrary, solution dependent path without the need for remeshing. So in this paper, based XFEM approach of FEM software Abaqus, three-point bending numerical simulations of concrete beam with initial crack under different loadings have been researched.


ZCS/ZVS techniques are used in order to increase frequency, reduce the weight and switching losses. Test circuits are commonly used for the characterization of devices. This work presents the characterization of IGBTs in ZVS conditions, considering parameter variations such as the current gradient, the gate voltage and the junction temperature.


Fuel cell has a good potential as a stand-alone generation system and as energy supplied to Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD) model. This is because of its low operation temperature (70oC until 90oC) and also it has a good dynamic response. In this project, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is used as energy source. Dynamic modeling of a stand-alone PEM fuel cell which connected to several types of ASD system had been modeled by using Matlab/Simulink software. The PEM fuel system has several important sections, namely, fuel cell controller, fuel cell and power conditioning unit. Integrated and proportional controllers are used to control the fuel cell or the hydrogen flow rate that enters the PEM fuel cell. Simulation results show that fuel cell output power can fulfill the load demand in a short duration. Single-phase ASD and three-phase ASD are reviewed as loads in this project and their individual harmonics are investigated based on simulation results. Results also show that ASD generates harmonics to the line voltage and current. A method to reduce harmonics distortion in a network of ASD is proposed in this project. As a result, by combining different types of ASD as network, significant reduction on total harmonics distortion can be obtained.


Despite a large body of research on operating speeds, there is still much to learn about the factors that affect free-flow speeds, especially with regard to the development of a continuous speed profile for two-lane rural highways. This paper presents a new approach to modeling driver speed profile along two-lane rural roads. Speed data regarding individual drivers traveling on selected two-lane rural roads were sampled during a naturalistic experiment that used an onboard Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS devices facilitate the collecting and processing of continuous speed data. Unlike spot speed measurements, which have typically been collected in similar studies, continuous speed data are useful for studying the actual speed profile with regard to acceleration–deceleration behavior and maximum speed on tangents and curves. New variables are used in the regression equation. These variables refer to the horizontal curvature and the vertical grade as weighted values of the geometric features of the alignment preceding and following the vehicle position. To predict the operating speed, the model takes into account the geometric alignment of the road preceding and following the vehicle, as this information is used by drivers to establish the driving task, which is based on memory expectation, vehicle dynamics, and visual perception. The final result is an algorithm for modeling a continuous speed profile without previous assumption of acceleration–deceleration rate and constant speed on tangents and curves.


Business intelligence is concerned with understanding and leveraging the vast amounts of information stored in the databases of modern enterprises. Visualization techniques have been used to make sense of this data for a long time, first in the form of simple charts, and nowadays in the form of interactive visualizations. By leveraging the strengths of the human perceptual system and incorporating user interaction, they support the flexible analysis of data as well as data monitoring by users. The recent progress in the fields of information and data visualization as well as new hardware developments and trends in business intelligence have led to several new challenges, which will be discussed in this workshop.


I J, male, aged 18. Schoolboy History: In August 1971 he developed patchy erythematous plaques on the left side of the neck. These remained stationary for 2-3 months, and then spread rapidly to give extensive areas of cedematous, erythematous and tender skin on the left side of the body. By May 1972 he had gross deformity of the left hand and forearm with muscle wasting. The disease was still predominantly left-sided, with the occasional patch on the right arm and side of the face and neck. He suffered from gross fatigue. There was no Raynaud's phenomenon and no dysphagia.