The n icoYaginal fi tula is unique among gynecologic di orders for the frequent disproportion between the ize of the lesion and the degree of suffering that it cau es and for the difficulty that may be experienced in cfTccting a cure. The le ions show a remarkably wide Yariation in both site and size and, because the factors and complications that militate against cure are seldom obYious and e\·en if looked for arc not always ca ily recognized, there arc many pitfalls for the unwary, and disappointment i common enough. Yet there i:> an extremely hopeful jdc, for, as ::.Ioir in hi monograph 1 concluded, in England the ves icovaginal fistula i "with few exception~ an eminently curable lesion.'' By contrast, almo.t exactly 100 years ago ir .J. Y. impson wrote, "A urinary fistula is an infirmity which is beyond nil relief and all hope." 2 :\Iy own experience is _imilar to ~l air':; becau~c, out of some 107 cases of fistula


Variations in stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates by birth weight and social class are analyzed using data for 323704 births in Hungary Austria and New Zealand. "The birthweight distribution has an impact on the perinatal mortality rate and the neonatal mortality rate....Social class has a significant association with neonatal mortality amongst higher weight births but no significant association amongst low weight births." (summary in ENG) (EXCERPT)


This paper presents our work on rapid language adaptation of acoustic models based on multilingual cross-language bootstrapping and unsupervised training. We used Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems in English, French, German, and Spanish to build a Czech ASR system from scratch. System building was performed without using any transcribed audio data by applying three consecutive steps, i.e. cross-language transfer, unsupervised training based on the "multilingual A-stabil" confidence score [1], and bootstrapping. Based on the confidence score we selected 72% (16.6 hours) of the available audio data with a transcription WER of less than 14.5%. The cross-language bootstrap achieves a word error rate of 23.3% on the Czech development set and 22.4% on the evaluation set. These results are very promising as the performance compares favorably to the Czech ASR system which was trained on 23 hours of manually transcribed data (21.8% on the development set and 21.3% on the evaluation set).


This paper gives some tentative ideas on the reform of higher mathematics teaching materials on economic management in higher vocational colleges. The new material will compress the content of function, limit and continuity; and reduce some content of calculus; but keep multiplex function calculus and constant calculus equations as compulsory content for higher vocational colleges to project its pertinence and practicality. The author also gives new contents of this course.


Semiotic explains about meanings and signs. The meanings and signs itself are the two things that are growing and developing from the human's concept of the universe as a way in defining the life. Comprehending the meaning and sign by Pierce, Barthes, Umberto Eco, or even Piliang concepts will view that those meanings and signs can be interpretated as a life reality which are exist in every relationship of human and God and also human and the nature.


Military and social historians of the Civil War have chronicled in minute detail the rise and fall of the Confederate States of America and the devastation the war wreaked on the battlefront and th...


The voltage balancing problem of dc-link capacitors in multilevel diode-clamped converters limits their applications in industry under some operational conditions. Virtual vector PWM (VVPWM) can attain the capacitor voltage balancing under all operational conditions but it increases the complexity and computation burden by increasing the number of triangular regions for higher levels as compared to conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM). In order to solve the dc-link voltage balancing problem in four-level diode-clamped converter, a simplified virtual vector PWM (SVVPWM) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The pair of new virtual vectors is defined in such a way that the space vector diagram of four level converter is transformed into three level space vector diagram that lessens the complexity and computation burden by decreasing the number of triangular regions. The balancing of capacitor voltages can be achieved by using proposed SVVPWM algorithm for the whole range of modulation index load power factor. Steady state and dynamic performance of the SVVPWM algorithm is verified through the simulations and experiments.


Based on the first-order kinetics, a hydrolysis dynamics model including the influence of temperature was set up for solid waste in bioreactor landfills. The parameters in the dynamics model were determined by simulation experiments and its reliability was verified. The research shows that a high leachate recirculation rate is favorable to the hydrolysis of solid waste and the rapid stabilization of solid waste in a bioreactor landfill under high temperature, while the leachate recirculation rate should be lowered under low temperature.


Background Children with Down syndrome (DS) have about a 40 to 50% incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the distribution and frequency of CHD patterns in Libyan children with DS. Methods All patients with DS who were referred to the cardiology clinic between January 1995 and December 2008 were reviewed. Results Of the 1 193 patients reviewed, 537 (45%) had an associated CHD. Overall there were 349 (65%) patients who had a single cardiac lesion, and 188 (35%) had multiple cardiac lesions. The most common isolated cardiac lesion was atrial septal defect (ASD), found in 125 (23%) patients, followed by atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) in 103 (19%), and ventricular septal defect (VSD) in 76 (14%). Conclusion Atrial septal defect was the most common cardiac lesion. The distribution of CHDs in Libyan children with DS was similar to what has been reported internationally, but the frequency was not compared with international rates.


Abstract We studied the responses of Desert Ironwood trees (Olneya tesota), located in desert washes of the Sonoran Desert in California, to a reduction in overland water flow. We hypothesized that trees with access to overland water runoff would have different morphological and ecophysiological responses than trees that did not. We studied responses including branch growth, water potentials, leaf carbon isotope ratios, leaf mass per area, flower production, seed production, and tree population densities. Only branch growth and predawn water potentials were found to be significantly different between treatments. Predawn water potentials indicated seasonally increased water stress in trees without access to overland water runoff. Trees with access to overland water runoff also responded with increased branch growth. The lack of differences between treatments observed for all other morphological and ecophysiological responses may indicate that environmental conditions, especially water availability, were similar in both treatments during the production of these structures.


India is a rapidly developing nation, but patriarchal relationships and traditional values remain pervasive. Women in urban areas are becoming educated and urbanised, but tribal women remain steeped in tradition and have lower socioeconomic achievements than men. Gender-based violence and discrimination are major issues faced by women in India, with cases of rape, domestic violence, and female infanticide still prevalent. The position of women in a society was frequently determined by their income, employment, education, health, and fertility, in addition to their roles within the family, community, and society. Nonetheless, the study of tribal women is crucial due to the fact that their problems vary by region due to their geographical location, historical context, and social change processes. The present paper focuses on socio-economic and the health status of tribal women in paderu mandal of Vishakhapatnam district in Andhra Pradesh. It is found that there is a need for targeted interventions to improve the health outcomes of vulnerable populations, particularly those with lower incomes and who rely on traditional cooking fuels. These interventions could include access to clean energy sources and targeted health education campaigns, which can reduce exposure to indoor air pollution.


Early detection and removal of colorectal polyps have been proven to reduce mortality from colorectal carcinoma (CRC), the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Unfortunately, traditional techniques for CRC examination (i.e., barium enema, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy) are unsuitable for mass screening because of either low accuracy or poor public acceptance, costs, and risks. Virtual colonoscopy (VC) is a minimally invasive alternative that is based on tomographic scanning of the colon. After a patient's bowel is optimally cleansed and distended with gas, a fast tomographic scan, typically helical computed tomography (CT), of the abdomen is performed during a single breath-hold acquisition. Two-dimensional (2D) slices and three-dimensional (3D) rendered views of the colon lumen generated from the tomographic data are then examined for colorectal polyps. Recent clinical studies conducted at several institutions including ours have shown great potential for this technology to be an effective CRC screening tool. In this paper, we describe new methods to improve bowel preparation, colon lumen visualization, colon segmentation, and polyp detection. Our initial results show that VC with the new bowel preparation and imaging protocol is capable of achieving accuracy comparable to conventional colonoscopy and our new algorithms for image analysis contribute to increased accuracy and efficiency in VC examinations.


Maize hybrids 'Jidan 209'was chosen as high susceptible to head smut and 17 seed coat-ing agents were tested in this experiment.Maize seeds were packed by different seed coating agents before seeding.The results showed that 6 seed coating agents were selected which head smut controlling effects exceed 90% and seedling protect effects exceed 95%.


Book that discusses the geology of Denton County, Texas. Topics include the county's physiographic subdivisions, geologic formations, and economically valuable geological features.


Instantaneous and delayed responses of line intensities to the sudden interruption of the RF power have been studied in an argon inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The instantaneous responses are caused by equilibrium shifts in the balances of elementary processes that control the populations of the excited states. It has been found that excited levels of Ar and H are predominantly populated by recombination of free electrons with ionic species, while most levels of metals like Mg, Cd, Na, Fe, AI and Cu are populated by excitation from the ground state atom. Also charge transfer between Mg1 and Art has been observed in the temporal behaviour of line intensities of two Mg+ states, quasi resonant for charge transfer. Furthermore, we observed that in the inner part of the plasma the temperature remains constant during the recombination decay time, after an initial cooling of the electrons to the heavy particle temperature. When the power is switched on again, the electron temperature seems to increase temporarily to a value that is higher than the steady state value. The delayed responses are caused by disturbances created in the expansion zone of the plasma during and after the interruption. It is found that these disturbances travel through the plasma with a velocity of 12m s-1.


The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is under-going one of the worst financial times in the agency's history with limited funds for roadway projects and consultant contracts. HDR has proposed innovative traffic engineering solutions to TxDOT. The solutions include median u-turn and continuous flow intersections for the US 290 corridor in Austin which is one of the most congested and controversial areas in the city. Analysis results indicate that a 50 percent reduction in delay and travel time can be achieved. These improvements can be implemented for an estimated 5 million dollars and will provide approximately 10 years of congestion relief while TxDOT plans for the ultimate configuration of the corridor, a 6-lane freeway with frontage roads. HDR worked jointly with TxDOT, the City of Austin, Travis County, the RMA, and the local transit agency to gain support and funding for these interim improvements. Design is currently underway by TxDOT and the improvements will be under construction in 2012. Two continuous flow intersections will be constructed - the first of their kind in Texas.


Along with the people living standard enhancement,experience economical time oncoming,the people were entering the experience expense time to the traveling demand,the tourist expect were obtained the unforgettable whole traveling experience through own participation.This paper analyzed the concept and existence question and the development principle of the experience traveling product,from personalization,cultural property and green product,and discussed the experience traveling product of the development strategy.


To the Editor.— In the Jan 20 issue ofThe Journal, Dr Zatuchni 1 reports a case of pericarditis that he contends was caused by captopril therapy. There are several points that must be made. The author's case presentation is incomplete. Only in the last sentence does he state that "the serum urea nitrogen level continued to rise." How high was this level? I suspect that it was very high. The serum urea nitrogen level was very pertinent because it could justify a far better and much more common explanation for the patient's pericarditis, ie, uremic pericarditis, which the author discards so easily. The author states that the patient's heart failure was "refractory." A plausible explanation for this refractoriness could be the development of a larger pericardial effusion, again, probably caused by uremia. The patient's sedimentation rate of 126 mm/hr is remarkable and suggests a vasculitis or arteritis


Background: Psoriasis is a common inflammatory disorder of the skin. Psoriasis is a disease of multifactorial origin where certain environmental factors acting on individuals with specific genetic predisposition leads to an immune dysregulation. Claudins are transmembrane proteins, which participate in the formation of tight junctions by binding to the actin cytoskeleton. Claudin‐ 3 present in the blood is considered as a useful biomarker of intestinal permeability. Objective: To evaluate serum level of claudin-3 in patients with psoriasis in comparison to control group and correlate its levels with disease severity . Patients and methods: Fifty-three patients (32 males and 21 females) with psoriasis and forty normal healthy control (23 males and 17 females) who matched the cases group as regard age and sex were included in this work. They were randomly selected from the Dermatology Department outpatient clinic in Mansoura University Hospital. Results: Psoriasis group showed significantly higher level of claudin-3 when compared to control group (mean=58.3 versus 41.2; p<0.001). Smoking was significantly associated with higher Claudin-3 level (p=0.031). In addition, claudin-3 level increased gradually with increased severity grades (p<0.001). No significant associations were found regarding claudin-3 level according to gender, nutritional status, family history, in psoriasis group (p>0.05 for each). Higher BMI, smoking and higher claudin-3 level were associated with prediction of higher PASI score in univariate analysis. While multivariate analysis revealed that only smoking and higher claudin-3 level were considered independent predictor of more severe psoriasis cases. Conclusion: Claudin-3 level was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than healthy controls. PASI correlated with claudin-3 levels.


The effects of various amine compounds on the conversion of ProPTH to PTH in bovine parathyroid slices were studied. Bovine parathyroid slices were incubated in Earle's balanced salt solution with or without the designated amine compound (pH 7.4) at 37°C for up to 120 minutes. 3H-leucine was added to the incubation medium 30 to 60 minutes before termination of incubation. The incubated tissue slices and medium were homogenized together in 8M urea, 0.2N HC1 and 0.01M cysteine solution by Polytron homogenizer. A crude hormonal extract as TCA-powder was prepared through fractionation with organic solvent and salt followed by precipitation of the hormonal peptides with 7.5% TCA. The TCA-powder was further fractionated through CMcellulose chromatography in order to separate radioactive ProPTH from PTH. Primary, secondary and tertiary amines as well as inorganic ammonium compounds, especially ammonium chloride (pH 7.4), inhibited the conversion of ProPTH to PTH, while quarternary amine, diamine and polyamine did not. Monoamine-induced inhibition of the conversion of ProPTH to PTH was timeand dose-dependent. Such inhibition by amines of the conversion of ProPTH to PTH was reversible in diethylamine and irreversible in tris(OH)methylaminomethane.


This survey has shown some facts of considerable interest to the clinical chemist.

First, it is evident that bovine blood serum ultrafiltrate constitutes one of the best general standards so far developed for clinical chemical control analysis. It is a stable product that can be prepared in large lots and kept for relatively long periods of time by storage in a refrigerator. Such a standard will be extremely useful in clinical chemical laboratories in the standardization of their technics and as an aid in the elimination of systematic errors of analysis and in routine laboratory control. On the other hand, the absence of serum proteins and sterols precludes the use of this standard for the analysis of these constituents. The second fact that emerges from this survey is that errors in clinical chemical analysis still occur. The finding that individual results from selected laboratories have been in error, imposes the obligation of periodic control checkups by the chemist charged with the supervision of the laboratory.

Finally, a general standard of this sort permits an exhaustive comparison of different methods for any given constituent without fear of variation from sample to sample.


The objective of this paper is to examine the conceptual framework under which business and general aviation has developed globally and the roadmap for its growth in India. It traces the growth of business and General Aviation (GA) in the United States of America (USA) and its use by various businesses to enhance productivity. The paper also examines various initiatives taken by the Government of India (GoI) in this regard. Methodology adopted for this paper was a combination of secondary research along with interviews with stakeholders. The need to connect tier-II and -III cities through the air transportation network is seeing an avid interest in the growth of business and General Aviation. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has recently submitted its recommendations to chart out a roadmap for India's General and Business aviation is at a nascent stage and a suitable policy framework is needed for its growth and for ensuring that it becomes a force multiplier in India.


According to flora division,the loess plateau in the west of Shanxi Province belongs to the Holarctic flora,China-Japan forest plant subregion,north China region and loess plateau subregion.There are 664 species of vascular plants in the flora,belonging to 96 families and 348 genera.The ratios of all the families,genera and species in the Shanxi flora are 56.8%,39.0%,27.9%,respectively.And there are as many as 63 families which regional single family and less family,account for 65.6% of the whole families.This showed that reflects the composition of taxon for the flora was complicated,and the flora was the strong Semi-arid area of North of China characteristics.The analysis on flora's areal-types show that,the main areal-types of this flora was North Temperate,close connection with tropical areal-types and East Asia distributes.There are two new taxon in the record flora.And there are 12 species which are rare and endangered.3 species,4 variety plants was not record in the Flora of Shanxi Province.70% of the plants recources in this flora are available for utilization.Reasonable developing.


The distributions of intensity and radial velocity of neutral hydrogen gas of low radial velocity are presented in the form of detailed diagrams of T max., the temperature at the peak of a hydrogen line profile, and of the radial velocity value at the Tmax .


useful for providing coloration aqueous composition comprising: a) from 20 to 95% by weight of water; b) 5 to 80% by weight of pigment iron oxide, said pigment average particle diameter of 0, 01-1, 30 mim, a specific surface of 3, 0 to 200 m2 / gram, and a density specific 3, 20-5, 20, and which pigment contains: lead not to exceed 20 ppm arsenic not to exceed 5 ppm; and mercury not to exceed 3 ppm; dispersing said pigment iron oxide in said aqueous composition; c) one or more preservatives.


The Dalongtan Reservoir Project is located in Jingxi County of Guangxi Autonomous Region;of which the masonry dam,is 249 meters long;it was completed and impounded in 1963.The dam foundation occurred a large number of water leakage;a number of vortex of leakage appeared;water flows under the dam into lower reaches.When emptying the reservoir,it is found that some karst collapses in the reservoir bottom.The past used conventional methods can only understand a single exploration drilling vertical direction of the geological conditions,not conducive to identify foundation for the development of horizontal and cave with broken spatial distribution.CT-between electromagnetic detection with drilling technology integration,it can make up for this deficiency.CT-between electromagnetic detection Dalongtan Reservoir dam foundation in the exploration of karst results show that this approach is feasible and effective.


This paper reviews various factors that interplay in the counselling sessions within the cultural milieu of African society, especially Nigeria and particularly within the context of school-based counselling provision. These factors, which were found to be both sociological and cultural, hamper effective client self-disclosure during counselling encounters, based on empirical findings in the literature. The paper therefore postulates a customised form of counselling practice that incorporates some of these issues in dispensing counselling services in Africa, to enhance effective counselling outcome. The absence of such practice has, in the view of the authors, hindered the positive patronage and practice of counselling in Nigerian society.


An elderly lady—"old" to me at the time—was pushed into my consulting room in a wheelchair by a caring relative, whom I thanked for her help. The patient had had diabetes for …


In the present work, we investigate the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of Ti1-xZrxO2 nanoparticles with anatase structure on the photocatalytic activity for the elimination of methylcyclohexane in the gas phase. Samples with a molar content of Zr ranging from 0 to 16% were prepared by an inverse microemulsion method. Additionally, a sample of ZrO2 supported on TiO2 (5.2% molar content of Zr) was obtained in a two-stage synthesis using the same microemulsion procedure. The structural and electronic properties of these materials were determined by a multitechnique approach using X-ray diffraction as well as Raman, XANES, EXAFS, and UV−vis spectroscopies. FTIR spectra of the catalysts before and after photocatalytic experiments were also carried out in order to evaluate the possible changes on the surface upon photoreaction. In addition, surface characteristics of these nanoparticles were determined by means of N2 adsorption isotherms and NH3 adsorption microcalorimetry. XRD and XAS results...


The catalyst system Pd (OAc) under 'Heck-type' experimental conditions using a 2 / n-Bu4NBr thieno [3,4-b] efficient direct regioselective CH aryl pyrazine derivatives with different heteroaryl bromides Chemistry first example aryl is described the replacement thieno pyrazine giving rise the different values The current synthesis methods are facial method simpler way to potential applications have a hexyl program interesting for an industrial building new synthetic organic materials silti thiophene and thieno pyrazine π- that is based on the portion of the conjugated oligomeric and / or It was used to prepare the polymers. Arylation generates a more regioselective from thiophene CH bond CH bond than pyrazine. The optical and electrical properties of the synthetic co-polymer has been investigated.


To the Editor: We appreciate the comments and critique of our manuscript by Shiu et al. [1]. We acknowledge that this study had several shortcomings which we attempted to address in our discussion. This type of study is difficult to perform in terms of both design and conduct. With an agent that is FDA approved, there is always the risk that the agent will be used outside label recommendations. Our study attempted to go beyond anecdotes and case reports as well as overcome some of the inherent flaws in conducting a supportive care study with an approved agent in a patient population that differed significantly from that in which the indication was granted, albeit not comprehensively. The first point, that four patients received open label aprepitant, was a clear target for potential criticism. These patients were specifically excluded from efficacy analysis to avoid this bias. The second concern raised was that the specific chemotherapy agents used were not specified. As stated in the methods section, patients ''who were scheduled to receive emetogenic chemotherapy (cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, or a previously administered chemotherapy that the patient did not tolerate due to CINV)'' were included. The types of regimens were relatively well balanced, after accounting for a higher percentage of but lower total number of patients in the control group with bone sarcoma. Pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies which supported the registration suggested that aprepeitant dosing for 3 days would provide almost, if not all, the attainable benefit over a 5-day period of observation. In those studies, the vast majority of ''failures'' occurred in the first 72 hr of cisplatin therapy, for both the aprepitant and standard therapy groups [[2–5]; http://www.accessdata.fda. gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/021549s015lbl.pdf]. The exclusion criteria for the study specified concomitant medications known to alter the metabolism of aprepitant, which could increase risk for toxicity in a patient taking both aprepitant and such medications simultaneously. This extensive list can be found in the package insert for both aprepitant and dexamethasone. While etoposide and ifosphamide both have the potential for drug interactions with aprepitant, no evidence supports that they would specifically increase the risk for febrile neutropenia, as Shiu and colleagues suggest. In our study, febrile neutropenia was collected as a reported toxicity, not as an endpoint. While there was a difference between the treatment and placebo groups, it is likely attributable to the small total number of patients as opposed to a true effect. As stated, the treatment groups did not differ in terms of mean changes from baseline, or analyses by NCI toxicity criteria for neutropenia. Finally, this study was designed as an estimation study. We concur that covariates may play a role in the results noted and fully acknowledged this. To conduct a more robust formal statistical analysis would have required substantially greater number of patients. As Shiu et al. mention, collective experience with a new agent is amassed over time, and should guide and hopefully improve not only future study designs, but patient care at each stage of an agent's development. Lia Gore, MD* The Children's Hospital and The University of Colorado Denver


In the fourth industrial revolution, customization is becoming a conversation topic in various domains. Industry 4.0 applies cyber-physical systems (CPS), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing to manufacturing businesses. One of the main phrases in Industry 4.0 is mass customization. Optimized products or services are developed and provided through customization. Therefore, the competitiveness of a product can be enhanced, and satisfaction is improved. In particular, as IoT technology spreads, customization is an essential aspect of smooth service connections between various devices or things. Customized services in mobile applications are assembled and operate in various mobile devices in the mobile environment. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for improving customized cloud server-based mobile architectures, processes, and metrics, and for measuring the performance improvement of the customized architectures operating in various mobile devices based on the Android or IOS platforms. We reduce the total time required for customization in half as a result of applying the proposed customized architectures, processes, and metrics in various devices.


Background: The mortality rate of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still so
high that an accurate prediction tool is needed for the health providers to be able
to give adequate early treatment to prevent the patients from the severe grade of
DHF. This study is to prove correlation between the duration time of
defervescence with pleural effusion index (PEI) in children with dengue
haemorrhagic fever.
Methods: An observational analytic study with cross sectional design used the
data of dengue patients who were hospitalized in RSDK at December 2010-June
2011. The study involved 28 subjects aged 1 month-14 years. The duration time of
defervescence was calculated from the distance between the first day of fever until
the body temperature started to down. PEI value data obtained from radiological
examinations using RLD plain of chest X-rays. Data analysis used a computer
program.
Results: There were 10 non DSS, 16 DSS and 2 subjects with unknown grade of
DHF. Mean of the defervescence duration time was 6.2 days with overall mean of
PEI was 31.27%. Kruskal-Wallis test (α=0.05, CI 95%, power 80%) showed no
significant difference (p=0.589) between the mean of the defervescence duration
time in children with non DSS and DSS and there was no significant difference
(p=0.353) between PEI in children with non DSS and DSS, although PEI in
children with DSS was higher than non DSS. Spearman's rho correlation test
showed significant correlation between the duration time of defervescence with
PEI in children with dengue haemorrhagic fever (p=0.016).
Conclusion: The longer the duration time of defervescence in children with DHF,
the higher the pleura effusion index is.
Keywords: duration time of defervescence, pleural effusion index, DHF 1Undergraduate Student, Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University, Jl. Dr. Sutomo 18 Semarang, Indonesia
2Pediatric Department Staff, Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia 3Fisiology Department Staff, Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University,Semarang, Indonesia


The so-called emotion is the experience which points person's attitude to objective thing.If the particular demand gets satisfied,the person will then produce homologous affirmative experience,such as the joy,happiness,passion etc.;If the particular demand doesn't get satisfied,the person will produce homologous negative experience,such as cut up rough,sorrow,hate etc..Emotion's turning rite teaching is also in the rite teaching the process,trying to pursue studies to living creation realistic of emotion experience,or make use of true and conjecture two kinds of opposition emotion of can convert sex,become an emotion experience of negating the property hard is affirmative the emotion experience of property,promote the interpersonal emotion communicate thus,attain the teaching method of the best teaching result.


The paper deals with the z-measures on partitions with the deformation (Jack) parameters 2 or 1/2. We provide a detailed explanation of the representation-theoretic origin of these measures, and of their role in the harmonic analysis on the infinite symmetric group.


In this research manuscript, the author has detailed a 'Schema Of Construction f Infinity Geodesic Of Any Aspect Of Concern'. Theory Firstly, we present a necessary Definition Definition Primality Tree Primality Tree of any Aspect Set is something like a Universal Beauty Primality Set and/ or Universal Optimal Life Primality Set, only Possibly with Lack of Some Elements in it and also Need Not Start from the First Primes{of whatever Sequence of Primes of Higher Order Spaces they belong to}. However, we wish the Primality Aspect of Any Given Set of Concern to be in this State of Universal Beauty Primality Set and/ or Universal Optimal Life Primality Setfor Best Results. Schema Of Construction Of Infinity Geodesic Of Any Aspect Of Concern One can Construct any Primality Set {Primality Tree} of any Aspect of concern and considering it a Variable Function of Parameter called 'Number Of Evolution(s)', one can simply construct the Infinity Geodesic of any Aspect of concern in the following fashion. Firstly, we consider All the Non-Invariant Aspect Words of the English Language Vocabulary and For Each of Them We Evolve them to Limit(s) that their Primality becomes Completely Opposite to their Original Primality Aspect in Sense Meaning Understanding and/ or in Perception. We note the Number of Evolutions necessary for Each of them to Reach their Complementary State. This Number will be Different for Each Aspect Word as Each Aspect Word be may Partially Invariant to a Distinct Degree. Therefore, using the Law of Superposition and the Algebra of Transformations, {see author's Treatise on this for more on this Computation} for any given aspect of concern, using its Primality, we can find the Number of Evolutions necessaryfor the Given Aspect to Completely Change to its Complementary Aspectwhen we Evolve it Many Number of times. We note this Number and call it the Critical Number of Evolutions Characteristic of the Aspect (CNEPS) of concern to completely Change it to its Complementary State Aspect. We again consider our given Primality Set of concern and Evolve it Some Number of Times Less than the Critical Number of Evolutions Characteristic of the Aspect of concern to completely Change it to its Complementary State Aspect. We note this Number and label it as NL1. We again consider our given Primality Set of concern and Evolve it some Number of Times Greater than the Critical Number of Evolutions Characteristic of the Aspect of concern to completely Change it to its Complementary State Aspect. We note this Number and label it as NG1. Furthermore, we can even find the Upper Bound and Lower Bounds of these Numbers NL1and NG1.We again consider our given Primality Set of concern and Evolve it some Number of Times Greater than the Critical Number of Evolutions Characteristic of the Aspect of concern to completely Change it to its Complementary State AspectTwice (and/ or its Original Perception State after having Evolving {Transiting} through its Complementary State with regards Perception). We again consider our given Primality Set of concern and Evolve it some number of Times Less than the Critical Number of Evolutions Characteristic of the Aspect of concern to completely Change it to its Complementary State AspectTwice (and/ or its Original Perception State after having Evolving {Transiting} through its Complementary State with regards Perception). We note this Number and label it as NL2. We again consider our given Primality Set of concern and Evolve it some Number of Times Greater than the Critical Number of Evolutions Characteristic of the Aspect of concern to completely Change it to its Complementary State AspectTwice (and/ or its Original Perception State after having Evolving {Transiting} through its Complementary State with regards Perception). We note this Number and label it as NG2. Furthermore, we can even find the Upper Bound and Lower Bounds of these Numbers NL2 and NG2. We now Combine the Primality Set States corresponding to [{(NL1) (CNEPS1), (NG1)}, {(NL2), (CNEPS2), (NG2)},.......,{(NLr) (CNEPSr), (NGr)}] in such a Fashion that we remove the Phase 'r' in the Primality Set State as a Function of Parameter of Number of Evolutions {see author's Treatise on this for more on this Computation}. Furthermore, this 'r' is the Number of Times One Can Evolve Any Aspect of Concern till it's Recursion Scheme is Synonymous with the Recursion Scheme of a Universe {by Universe, we mean a Universal Optimal Life Primality Set}, sans the Magnitude Aspect. This Primality Set can be referred to as the Infinity Geodesic of the given Primality Set of concern. Also, one can Instantaneous Normalize the Same to Form an Instantaneous Normalized Infinity Geodesic of the given Primality Set of concern. Conclusion One can note that one can Use this Notion of Infinity Geodesic of Any Aspect Set of concern in many Facets of Complementary State OfTrivial Solution Type ProblemSolving Situations, as detailed in the References below Manier times. Moral Know That When You Have A Bird In Hand, There Are Two More In The Bush. References Ramesh Chandra Bagadi http://www.vixra.org/author/ramesh_chandra_bagadi [61] viXra:1512.0419 submitted on 2015-12-25 05:54:12, (0 unique-IP downloads) NP Versus P Problem. Schroedinger's Cat In A Box Problem Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [60] viXra:1512.0417 submitted on 2015-12-24 22:38:29, (1 unique-IP downloads) Universal Objective Of The Universe. Universal Beauty Primality. Universal Optimal Life Primality. The Aforementioned Three Aspects As Restrictions For Evolution {Version II of All The Aforementioned} Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [59] viXra:1512.0410 submitted on 2015-12-24 05:48:20, (0 unique-IP downloads) Universal Objective Of The Universe. Universal Beauty Primality. Universal Optimal Life Primality. The Aforementioned Three Aspects As Restrictions For Evolution Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [58] viXra:1512.0407 submitted on 2015-12-23 09:21:29, (1 unique-IP downloads) Representation Of Alphabets By Set Of Prime Numbers – Primality Engineering I {Version II} Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [57] viXra:1512.0404 submitted on 2015-12-22 23:48:48, (1 unique-IP downloads) Theory Of Quantum Coupling. Theory Of Quantum Lensing. Theory Of Quantum Lens Invasion. Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [56] viXra:1512.0396 submitted on 2015-12-22 01:04:57, (1 unique-IP downloads) Universal Truth Of Recursive Kind {Version II} Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [55] viXra:1512.0389 submitted on 2015-12-21 05:26:05, (1 unique-IP downloads) Universal Recursive Scheme To Generate The Sequence Of Primes Of Any Order {Say, Rth} Space Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [54] viXra:1512.0387 submitted on 2015-12-21 05:35:54, (1 unique-IP downloads) Universal Truth Of Recursive Kind Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [53] viXra:1512.0377 submitted on 2015-12-20 05:30:29, (4 unique-IP downloads) Karma-Falam. Why-To. Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [52] viXra:1512.0359 submitted on 2015-12-18 07:14:32, (1 unique-IP downloads) {1} Universal Recursive Scale Shifting Technique {2} Universal Recursion Scheme That Is Vertically {Maximally} Evolving {10-3-105}-{6-2-15}-{14-5-385} Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [51] viXra:1512.0358 submitted on 2015-12-18 07:17:57, (0 unique-IP downloads) Removing And/ Or Minimizing The Redundancies In The Primality Of Any Aspect Of Concern {Version II} Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [50] viXra:1512.0350 submitted on 2015-12-17 04:45:31, (1 unique-IP downloads) Removing And/ Or Minimizing The Redundancies In The Primality Of Any Aspect Of Concern Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [49] viXra:1512.0345 submitted on 2015-12-17 00:49:27, (3 unique-IP downloads) Universal Daily Wage Labour Work Order(s) Placed Instantaneous Quantification And Exigent Work Order(s) Realization Facilitation System Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [48] viXra:1512.0336 submitted on 2015-12-16 06:07:38, (8 unique-IP downloads) First Meaning(s) Of All The English Alphabet(s) Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [47] viXra:1512.0323 submitted on 2015-12-15 00:08:54, (4 unique-IP downloads) Recommended Human Conduct Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [46] viXra:1512.0318 submitted on 2015-12-14 04:14:04, (7 unique-IP downloads) Knowing The Infinitely Deeper Meaning An Example Of Natural Memory Embedding Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [45] viXra:1512.0313 submitted on 2015-12-13 23:48:21, (8 unique-IP downloads) Knowing The Infinitely Deeper Meaning. The Universal Infinite Logic Distiller Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [44] viXra:1512.0312 submitted on 2015-12-14 00:00:25, (4 unique-IP downloads) On The Governmental Policy Of Acquiring And/ Or Purchase Of Individual Citizen Property For Governmental Reforms {Version I} Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [43] viXra:1512.0305 submitted on 2015-12-13 00:19:58, (7 unique-IP downloads) Universal Light Type Holistic Reference Frames For Characterizing Universal Electro-Magnetic Phenomena Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [42] viXra:1512.0299 submitted on 2015-12-12 09:01:29, (7 unique-IP downloads) Maximizing Relativistic Electro-Magnetic Fringe Displacement Effect Width Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [41] viXra:1512.0288 submitted on 2015-12-11 07:22:21, (5 unique-IP downloads) REprersentation Of Alphabets By Prime Numbers Primality Engineering I Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi Category: General Mathematics [40] viXra:1512.0268 sub


In the United States, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the causative agent that leads to the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), is a disease of adults, with a strong, but shrinking bias toward men. More than half of all new HIV infections occur among African Americans, especially women, though they only represent 13% of the U.S. population. African American and Hispanic women combined represent less than 25% of all U.S. women, yet they account for more than 78% of AIDS cases reported to date among women in our country. The federal government acknowledges the importance of combating HIV/AIDS and racial health disparities in this country by making these issues key priority areas in the nation's health agenda, Healthy People 2010. In this study I examined the prevalence of HIV testing and the factors that influence testing among African American women in the United States with data that were obtained from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) which is the nation's largest multipurpose health survey that is the principle source of information on the health of the civilian non-institutionalized household population in the United States. This study showed that more African American women than White women anticipate being tested for HIV within the next 12 months and were more likely to have recently been tested for HIV within that past 2 years. My findings suggest that policy makers should be encouraged to mandate health promotion and outreach efforts to focus more on increasing culturally appropriate prevention messages that highlight the need for African American women and men to have more self efficacy in open sexual health promotion dialogue. In addition, better integration of HIV prevention into sexually transmitted infection treatment services is needed for African American women.


The purpose of this research is to examine the problems faced by school principals during the pandemic process. A total of 10 school principals, determined by the easily accessible sampling method, participated in this study, which was designed with the qualitative research method and case study design. Research data were collected by the researcher with a semi-structured interview form prepared according to the relevant literature and expert opinions. The data were evaluated by content analysis method.


There exists a substantial variation in apartment rents between cities of the world. Several factors must contribute to inter-city variations in rents. This paper presents an empirical identification and measurement of some of the relevant factors explaining the variations in rents between a sample of forty-nine cities. The results of our empirical analysis show that the variables which explain inter-city variations in rents are: population size, costs of public and private intra-urban transport, tax assessments, and social insurance contributions.


Motivation of construction craftsmen could prove to be a great boon in the fight to keep down the cost growth of construction production. Scientific management principles as applied to construction have resulted in more effective field labor management. The expansion of this state of the art could profitably be in the area of motivation. A theoretical background for worker motivation is given from the work of behavioral science. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is related to the construction environment. A basic format for construction industry motivation is developed and then applied in the form of a sample motivation program for a medium-sized project.


— This paper describes a new approach which can be used to interpret the experimental creep deformation data obtained from miniaturized thin plate bending specimen test to the corresponding uniaxial data based on an inversed application of the reference stress method. The geometry of the thin plate is fully defined by the span of the support, l , the width, b , and the thickness, d . Firstly, analytical solutions for the steady-state, load-line creep deformation rate of the thin plates for a Norton's power law under plane stress ( b → 0) and plane strain ( b →∞ ) conditions were obtained, from which it can be seen that the load-line deformation rate of the thin plate under plane-stress conditions is much higher than that under the plane-strain conditions. Since analytical solution is not available for the plates with random b-values, finite element (FE) analyses are used to obtain the solutions. Based on the FE results obtained for various b/l ratios and creep exponent, n , as well as the analytical solutions under plane stress and plane strain conditions, an approximate, numerical solutions for the deformation rate are obtained by curve fitting. Using these solutions, a reference stress method is utilised to establish the conversion relationships between the applied load and the equivalent uniaxial stress and between the creep deformations of thin plate and the equivalent uniaxial creep strains. Finally, the accuracy of the empirical solution was assessed by using a set of "theoretical" experimental data.


The fabrication, characterization and application of edge-plane pyrolytic graphite electrode modified with acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes, nanostructured cobalt phthalocyanine and a mixture of both, towards epinephrine detection and analysis are described. The morphological features of the films were evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrochemistry of these electrodes in [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed higher peak current responses with accompanying low electron-transfer resistances in comparison to the bare electrode. The edge-plane pyrolytic graphite-single-walled carbon nanotubes-nanostructured cobalt phthalocyanine electrode exhibited good electrocatalytic activity towards epinephrine oxidation with enhanced peak currents. Analytical studies using edge-plane pyrolytic graphite-single-walled carbon nanotubes-nanostructured cobalt phthalocyanine electrode proved that the electrode is suitable for sensitivity determination of epinephrine in pH 5 conditions judging from the good sensitivity (8.71 ± 0.31 A.M−1), and limit of detection (0.04 µM) and quantification (1.31 µM) obtained. Determination of EP in the absence and presence of ascorbic acid in phosphate buffer pH 5 conditions was carried out and it was established that the presence of AA did not interfere in EP analysis. Rotating disk electrode experiments proved that the catalytic rate constant was 2.28 × 1016 mM−1.s−1.


In this work, a new, non-destructive method for obtaining stress-depth gradients in ferromagnetic structures was developed, using the information contained within magnetic Barkhausen emissions. A depthand stress-dependent model for the frequency spectrum of Barkhausen emissions was derived and tted to measured data obtained from steel samples with controlled stress-depth gradients. To achieve this, a library of signal processing and optimization algorithms was developed, which allowed the analysis of large datasets. To obtain a calibration reference for stress, a number of solid mechanics nite element simulations were carried out. Proof of concept is demonstrated by assuming linear stress-depth gradients and successfully calculating the slopes of those, using a tting algorithm.


The impact of saline water inundation on freshwater aquaculture was evaluated through risk assessment tools. Fishponds in low-lying areas of Sagar and Basanti block are prone to saline water flooding. Respondents of Sagar block considered events like cyclone and coastal flooding as extreme risk; erratic monsoon, storm surge and land erosion as high risk; temperature rise, sea level rise, hot & extended summer and precipitation as medium risk. Likewise, in Basanti block the respondents rated cyclone as extreme risk; erratic monsoon, storm surge as high risk; temperature rise, hot & extended summer, land erosion, and precipitation as medium risk; coastal flooding and sea level rise as low risk. Fish farmers of Sagar block classified the consequences of saline water flooding like breach of pond embankment and mass mortality of fishes as extreme risk; escape of existing fish stock and diseases as high risk; entry of unwanted species, retardation of growth and deterioration of water quality as medium risk; and damage of pond environment as low risk. Farmers of Basanti block categorised breach of pond dyke, mass mortality of fishes and entry of unwanted species as extreme risk; escape of fish and diseases as high risk; retardation of growth as medium risk; deterioration of water quality and damage of pond environment as low risk. To reduce the threats against saline water ingression, farmers are taking some coping measures like increase in pond dyke height; repair and strengthening of dyke; plantation on dyke; dewatering and addition of fresh water; application of chemicals/ lime/ dung; addition of tree branches in pond for hide outs etc.


Automatic image captioning has achieved a great progress. However, the existing captioning frameworks basically enumerate the objects in the image. The generated captions lack the real-world knowledge about named entities and their relations, such as the relations among famous persons, organizations and buildings. On the contrary, humans interpret images in a specific way by providing real-world knowledge with relations of the aforementioned named entities. To generate human-like captions, we focus on captioning the images of news, which could provide real-world knowledge of the whole story behind the images. Then we propose a novel model that makes captions closer to the human-like description of the image, by leveraging the semantic relevance of the named entities. The named entities are not only extracted from news under the guidance of the image content, but also extended with external knowledge based on the semantic relations. In detail, we propose a sentence correlation analysis algorithm to selectively draw the contextual information from news, and use entity-linking algorithm based on knowledge graph to discover the relations of entities with a global sight. The results of extensive experiments based on real-world dataset which is collected from the news show that our model generates image captions closer to the corresponding real-world captions.


This article is concerned with the prose works of Věra Linhartova (b. 1938) written in French
in the 1970s and 1980s. Using the first of these works, TWOR (1974), the author of the article
seeks to demonstrate the shift in Linhartova's style and her search for expression in a language
other than her mother tongue. Characteristic features in these works are heterogeneity, disunity,
and the permanently variable nature of the narrative voice and the text. In the next part of
the article, the author occupies herself with the lyrical texts later compiled in the collection Mes
oubliettes (1996). Her attention is mainly on the forms of narrator of these texts and on some
themes and images (like landscape, habitat, and language). The author demonstrates Linhartova's
increasing interest in Eastern thinking and art (non-selfhood, minimalist expression, and
the emptying of language and the persona). This orientation is confirmed in the subsequent
collection, Portraits carnivores (1982), comprising three narrative texts, which the author here
calls 'pure narration', pointing to the transformation, among other things, of Linhartova's narrative
compared to her early prose fiction works, which were written in Czech. The last part of the
article is devoted to the inspiration of Japan and a collection of three works of would-be travel
literature under the title Les Cascades – Kaskady (2002). The author here finds confirmation
that travel in Linhartova's writing has a primarily metaphorical, spiritual meaning, that it is the expression
of spiritual growth and advancement. Travelling is therefore a certain ontological position
of the persona, a way of being.


NUCLEAR WEAPONS POLICYAn increasingly fiery debate over proposed new funding for U.S. nuclear weapons research and testing is expected to heat up again next month when members of Congress return from their summer recess.


Pleural biopsy cultures for tubercle bacilli, performed on specimens from 63 consecutive patients with exudative pleural effusions, grew out Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the tissue of 16 patients. Twenty-one of the patients in the study were eventually proved to have tuberculous pleurisy. The rate of positive pleural biopsy cultures in proved cases was, therefore, 76%. When culture results of the


Objective
To observe the clinical effects and the recovery of joint function between direct anterior approach (DAA) of total hip replacement and conventional posterior approach (PA) surgery.

Methods
Cases of total hip arthroplasty in the orthopaedics department of Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, haemoglobin concentration, acetabular abduction angle and joint function scores were compared between the two groups by chi-square test or independent t test.

Results
According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 55 patients treated with DAA (group DAA) and 57 patients treated with PA (group PA) were enrolled in the study. The operation time of DAA group was longer than that of PA group (t=2.64), the amount of bleeding during operation (t=17.47) and of drainage after operation (t=22.06) were less than that of PA group, the abduction angle of acetabulum was less than that of PA group (all P<0.05); the concentration of haemoglobin concentration in DAA group was significantly higher than that of PA group (t=3.44, P<0.05); the Harris and Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores in DAA group were significantly higher than those in PA group one month after operation (t=4.44, 5.73; both P<0.05); but the WOMAC score in DAA group was lower than that in PA group at the last follow-up(t=5.96, P<0.05).

Conclusion
Total hip replacement with DAA approach has little blood loss and maintains better joint stability, and it is conducive to postoperative function recovery.

Key words:
Arthroplasty, replacement, hip; Recovery of function


A new method was developed for the determination of trace arsenic in 4A Zeolite by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atom emission spectrometry(HG-ICP-AES).The experimental conditions such as concentrations of sodium borohydride and digestion acid were optimized.Thiourea and Vitamine C were used to mask the interferences of other elements.Under the optimal condition,the detection limit of arsenic was found to be 0.1μg/g.The RSD was less than 2%.In its application to the determination of Arsenic in 4A Zeolite,recoveries in the range from 94% to 104% were obtained.


A series of fluorine-containing 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles (III) are obtained in a efficient and green synthesis using microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions.


I have been trying, since my undergraduate days, to merge my academic work and my political work. Often I have felt frustrated in this task. Even my two favorite theoretical perspectives, feminism and marxism, often seem inadequate for informing political action. This outward strategizing has been accompanied by an inward journey. As a member of two oppressor classes (white and male), and moving toward a third as I leave my working class roots behind and become a fully employed academic, I have found myself outside of many of the struggling groups I advocate with. Here, feminists have always provided the best strategy with which to answer my question "What do I do?" As I have participated in the sometimes painful strategy of consciousness-raising with the guidance of feminist mentors, I sometimes come closer to understanding my role as the outsider academic/activist. This paper is one stop on the journey.


Conceptual natural language processing systems usually rely on case frame instantiation to recognize events and role objects in text. But generating a good set of case frames for a domain is timeconsuming, tedious, and prone to errors of omission. We have developed a corpus-based algorithm for acquiring conceptual case frames empirically from unannotated text. Our algorithm builds on previous research on corpus-based methods for acquiring extraction patterns and semantic lexicons. Given extraction patterns and a semantic lexicon for a domain, our algorithm learns semantic preferences for each extraction pattern and merges the syntactically compatible patterns to produce multi-slot case frames with selectional restrictions. The case frames generate more cohesive output and produce fewer false hits than the original extraction patterns. Our system requires only preclassified training texts and a few hours of manual review to filter the dictionaries, demonstrating that conceptual case frames can be acquired from unannotated text without special training resources.


We examined band discontinuities in AlAs-Ge-GaAs(001) and GaAs-Ge-AlAs(001) single-quantum-well structures, as well as individual isolated Ge-GaAs(001), Ge-AlAs(001), GaAs-Ge(001), and AlAs-Ge(001) heterojunctions. We found that well-defined inequivalent neutral interfaces are established in III-V/IV/III-V structures for Ge coverages as low as 1-2 monolayers. Deviations from the transitivity and commutativity rules of heterojunction behavior reflect inequivalent local interface environments rather than charged interfaces


The temperature rise of an X-ray mask irradiated by synchrotron radiation (SR) emitted from the SORTEC storage ring has been measured in situ using the thermography technique. In order to detect IR rays in the range of 2.5-5.6 µ m wavelength, emissivities for masks with and without an absorber were measured in advance by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After measuring the temperature rise of the mask as a function of helium (He) pressure, the heat transfer coefficient was analyzed for estimating the thermal effect on the mask-wafer assembly. Using this heat transfer coefficient, the temperature rises of 20 and 0.3° C in vacuum and under atmospheric He pressure were successfully calculated at a ring current of 200 mA, respectively. The He pressure above 10 Torr in the exposure chamber is sufficient in SR lithography to minimize the temperature rises of the mask membrane and wafer.


Traditionally, astronomy education has been taught in the classroom (schools, colleges, and universities) as a lecture. Since the advent of the planetarium, astronomers and educators use a simulated sky under a domed ceiling. In the late 1960's, the concept of hands-on education was introduced to. This thesis explores the astronomy education programs in planetaria in the U.S. and Canada. A survey was sent to Canadian and American planetaria, and 85% were returned. Most educational programs are presented as planetarium shows, classroom activities, observation field trips, outreach programs, special events such as Astronomy Day and lecture series. Most large planetaria will solely offer planetarium shows as their main attraction.


Abstract In this piece I look at how I was affected in my understanding of counselling skills and spirituality by a working trip to Kenya. Placing my own skills and understanding into the hands of a very different community and culture meant that I would come away changed. In this piece I begin to perceive those changes.


Density functionals for the exchange-correlation energy of a many-electron system are widely used in condensed-matter physics. Successful modern generalized gradient approximations (GGA's), developed largely for quantum chemistry, are biased toward free-atom energies. Recent "GGA's for solids" include PBEsol [1], a revised Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) GGA that improves equilibrium properties of densely-packed solids and their surfaces by recovering the first-principles density-gradient expansion for the exchange energy [2]. Results will be reported for the lattice constants of 20 solids and for the surface energy of jellium in the local spin density approximation and in the PBE and PBEsol GGA's. Other possible applications of PBEsol will be discussed. It will be argued (as in Ref. [3]) that the second-order gradient expansion is nearly converged for exchange, but not for correlation, in valence regions of typical solids (while atoms require a larger gradient coefficient for exchange). [1] J.P. Perdew, A. Ruzsinszky, G.I. Csonka, O.A. Vydrov, G.E. Scuseria, L.A. Constantin, X. Zhou, K. Burke, http://arxiv.org/abs/0711.0156 [2] P.R. Antoniewicz and L. Kleinman, Phys. Rev. B 31, 6779 (1985). [3] J.P. Perdew, L.A. Constantin, E. Sagvolden, and K. Burke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 223002 (2006).


More than 50 studies of scientists in various fields show that women publish less than men. Moreover, correlations between gender and productivity have been roughly constant since the 1920s. The existence and stability of gender differences in productivity continue to be puzzling. Drawing upon data on publications by and citations to 263 matched pairs of men and women scientists ( N = 526) who received doctorates in 1969-1 970, we examine productivity and impact over the first 12 years of scientists' careers to determine whether disparities observed in prior studies persist and, if so, to what degree and why. Aggregate gender differences in productivity in the cohort of 1970 are much like those in earlier ones. Women published slightly more than half (57%) as many papers as men, with that proportion decreasing somewhat as time passed. However, women now account for 26% of the most prolific scientists in the cohort (those who published at least 1.6 papers annually) as against just 8% in the cohort of 1957-1958 in comparable years. Since highly productive scientists contribute disproportionately to the literature and presumably to the development of scientific knowledge, the increased representation of women in this group is significant. Advances in Motivation and Achievement, Volume 2, pages 217-258. Copyright


The digital recording of drilling parameters permits a rapid, low-cost, continuous and quantitative investigation of soils and rocks. This paper outlines the perspectives offered by this method: numerical combination of parameters for a better description of the soils, definition and control of soil improvement techniques. The possibilities offered by microprocessing should help the development of this site investigation method. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 287689. (TRRL)


In order to facilitate for student teachers to structure their teaching with digital tools and to study their technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK), we used a pedagogical tool, ti ...


PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of an online problem-based learning (e-PBL) program that offers multimedia scenarios to develop sexual health care competencies.

METHOD
A pretest–posttest control group design was used with two randomized groups in one Korean tertiary hospital. The sample included 32 RNs who cared for oncology patients. The intervention group completed an e-PBL cycle consisting of eight tutorials.

RESULTS
Nurses in the intervention group scored significantly higher on knowledge than did those in the control group. The intervention group exhibited no significant differences in attitude and practices following the intervention.

CONCLUSION
The results show the potential of e-PBL to enhance traditional PBL by offering multimedia scenarios in an interactive and flexible learning environment.


In a recent Good Housekeeping article (9), a vivid account was given of Diane Linkletter's suicide which was blamed on the spontaneous recurrence of a bad LSD experience which she had 6 months prior to her death. This widely publicized case has helped set-up the national media's publicity campaign against LSD by utilizing quick and easy slogans such as "LSD Can Turn On You" and "After Only One Trip, It Can Recur at Any Time." Along with controversial "chromosome damage," the "flashback," or recurrence of the LSD experience without further ingestion of the drug, is the most widely publicized reason not to take LSD. But does the flashback exist? It has never been demonstrated in the laboratory and was seldom reported in the early days of controlled LSD research. We feel the flashback does exist, and this paper is designed to describe the clinical syndrome of LSD flashbacks in relationship to the other types of adverse reactions occurring with this powerful drug. The flashback or "spontaneous recurrence" (16) is but one type of adverse reaction to the psychedelic drugs such as LSD. Others include neurological adverse reactions (3) (convulsions), prolonged psychotic or nonpsychotic reactions, and acute anxiety or panic states, better known as "bad trips." The flashback must particularly be distinguished from the prolonged psychotic or non-psychotic reaction.


Michael Osman Modernism's Visible Hand: Architecture and Regulation in America Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2018, 280 pp., 70 b/w illus. $30 (paper), ISBN 9781517900984

"This is not a history of enthusiastic people doing interesting things," Michael Osman archly warns readers of Modernism's Visible Hand (ix). He argues that in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a new imperative to regulate exerted profound influence on the built environment of the United States, from middle-class households to large industrial plants. Technologies for keeping ambient room temperature constant were connected in surprising ways with efforts to manage factory labor, to mitigate economic fluctuations, and to study the natural world. These developments collectively shaped the American built environment far more, Osman asserts, than the creative efforts of canonical architects. His book is part of a broader reexamination of the history of environmental control, building on but also pushing beyond Reyner Banham's now-classic polemical elevation of technical systems as the repressed protagonists of modernism. In more recent accounts, technology is shown to be interwoven with social, political, and aesthetic issues.1 Hence, Osman's title is a reference to the work of business historian Alfred Chandler, whose book The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business was published in 1977. Chandler argued that in the nineteenth century, the activity of large corporations began to be guided not by capitalism's passive "invisible hand" but more actively by a new class of professional managers.2 The efforts of these managers to steady the corporate ship amid market turbulence reflected a fundamental change in the economy. By the same token, Osman argues that the emergence of active environmental and economic regulation led to profound shifts in how buildings were conceived and used.

It would be difficult to pursue such an ambitious thesis in the form of a methodically structured proof. Instead, Osman offers five quasi-independent essays about regulation in diverse contexts. As a result, his book has the character of a …


It describes a method for multi-channel echo cancellation and noise suppression. One of a plurality of echo estimate for nonlinear echo cancellation is selected. Echo notch masking is performed to the noise suppression previously signal based on the echo arrival direction (DOA) to generate an echo suppression already signals. Nonlinear echo cancellation is performed to the echo suppression already signals based at least in part on the selected echo estimate.


Abstract Objective Giant cell arteritis (GCA) predominantly affects postmenopausal women. Estrogen receptor (ER ) accumulates in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells, activated mononuclear inflammatory cells and giant cells in the temporal arteries of GCA patients, as well as in smooth muscle cells in arteries from non-GCA controls. The aim of this study was to analyse whether this accumulation is related to structural aberrations in the ER mRNA leading to a change in protein structure.


To the Editor: Multiple myeloma (MM) has been infrequently observed in HIV-infected individuals, and at present only 22 cases have been reported in the English language medical literature (comprehensive references of the published cases are given in refs. 1-4). In this report, we describe a case of an AIDS patient who developed MM with a particularly aggressive course and we suggest, in light of the presence of EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) RNA in the plasma cells, a possible aetiological role of EBV for the development of MM. A 38-yr-old male with a history of intravenous drug abuse and a previous episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was admitted to our ward for irregular fever (38.5 O C), anorexia, malaise, headache and bone pain in the previous 3 wks. Physical examination showed an extreme status of cachexia, mild hepato-splenomegaly; no lymphoadenopathy or central nervous system involvement was present. Laboratory tests revealed a haemoglobin level of 10 g/dl and a white blood cell count of 2500/mm3. The absolute TCD4' lymphocyte count was lo/ mm3 (2%). Results of liver and kidney function tests were normal except for an increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (6680 Ujl). The level of serum IgG was 4010 mgjdl, of IgA 195 mg/dl, of IgM 221 mg/dl and of IgE 85 mg/dl. IgG anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA) and anti-Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) were 137 U.A./ml and 50 U.A./ml, respectively, whereas IgM antibodies were negative. Serum protein electrophoresis documented hypoalbuminaemia (3 6.3 %) and hypergammaglobulinaemia (48.1 % ). Serum immunoelectrophoresis indicated the presence of an IgG-k paraprotein, while urine protein immunoelectrophoresis disclosed the presence of free k-light chains (Bence-Jones protein). The X-ray of the skeleton documented multiple generalized lytic lesions. Computerized tomography (CT) of the head revealed multiple lytic lesions of the skull. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed an essentially normal cellularity with dysplastic maturation of megakaryocytes and a mild increase of plasma cells (6%), polyclonal for kappa and lambda chains. A biopsy of a lytic femoral lesion showed a highly malignant infiltrate composed of atypical plasma cells (Fig. lA), the majority of them nucleolated and, less frequently, binucleated (Fig. 1 B). Immunoperoxidase stain for epithelial membrane antiger, (EMA) was diffusely and strongly positive (Fig. 1C) while no stain was observed with leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and CD20 (as B cell-specific marker) (3). Cytoplasmic Ig light chains were kappa (Fig. 1D). Sections were hybridized with a digoxigenin-labeled riboprobe, specific for EBER1 viral RNA (5-6) and the hybrids were detected by using a direct alkaline phosphatase method with nitroblue tetrazolium as chromogenic substrate (Boehringer, Germany). Fig. 1E shows the presence of several EBER1-positive cells with strong, predominantly nuclear staining. When an anti-sense EBER-1 riboprobe was used, a negligible background was observed (Fig. 1F). The patient was unsuccessfully treated with a combination therapy of an alkylating agent (melphalan) and prednisone, and he died a week after the first course of therapy for an untreatable cardiac failure. At autopsy, multiple neoplastic masses were documented in both kidneys, pleurae, lungs, mediastinum, liver and testicles. Histopathology of these tissues revealed the presence of infiltrates with cytological and immunophenotypic characteristics similar to those described in bone biopsy. While MM is a very rare event in HIV infection, bone marrow plasmacytosis is a relatively common feature in patients with AIDS, who often present polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia (1 -4). In asymptomatic HIV individuals monoclonal gammopathy (MG) is also present at a higher incidence than in the normal population (l), and it seems to be the consequence of an exuberant polyclonal response to HIV or to different infectious agents and/or the result of an imbalance of immunoregulatory cytokines (1,4). The relative importance of MG in the natural history of HIV infection remains, however, to be


【The purpose of this paper is to find the magnetic filed distribution inside the motor in order to find out if the high-Tc superconducting tapes operate stably in actual motor operation in a detailed model of the actual motor was analyzed through F.E.M.(finite Element Method). As a result, it has been proved that the high-Tc superconducting tapes can with-stand 4 A of current with staility. 4 A was the amount of current with stability. 4 A was the amount of current needed to achieve 600 A·turns which is required by the previous simulation aimed at developing this the flux damper reduces armature reactance during the motor operation. But it was observed that the flux damper generates loss by means of leakage flux and this decreases the output of the motor by about 5%.】


In this study, a learning kit was developed to overcome three main problems of students, namely difficulty in understanding the basic concepts of lessons taught by teachers, lack of learning kits in the laboratory, existing learning kits cannot meet the requirements of the course content and misunderstanding among students due to limited learning kits. This quantitative study aims to develop and test the functionality of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Automation Learning Kit programmed using CX-Programmer software. The development process of this PLC Automation Control Learning Kit is based on the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model which has five phases. Three experts were selected using purposive random sampling. The results of this study showed that the majority of experts agreed with the items that had been constructed to test the design aspects, functionality and suitability of the kit as a teaching aid. Overall, the experts agree 100% that the appropriate kits are used in the teaching and learning process as teaching aids, meet the PLC topic syllabus at Polytechnic in Malaysia, have clear functions, have the potential to be patented and commercialized, and are practically produced. However, experts agree 66.67% that the weight of the kit should be reduced and simplified product design.


The establishment of corporation lawyer system is essential to Chinese enterprise in the face of domestic and international competition, and also necessary in further perfecting organization form of our lawyer system. For the better functioning of corporation lawyer, double regulatory regime should be taken, reasonable floating system should be established. In addition, we should improve corporation lawyer's statue in enterprise, definite the relationship between setting up in-house lawyer and engaging exterior lawyer, and perfect present legislation.


Objective To optimize the formulation of compound acne gel and evaluate its irritation and hypersensitivity on the skin of rabbits and guinea pigs respectively.Methods The formulation,optimized by orthogonal experiments was composed of clindamycin phosphate,tretinoin and metronidazole as active ingredients and carbomer U21 and glycerin as adjuvants.The safety of the formulation was evaluated through skin irritation test and hypersensitivity test.Results The gel was homogeneous with moderate viscosity.The optimal formulation was composed of glycerol 4%(w/w),carbomer 0.6%(w/w),triethanolamine 0.4%(v/w),2,6-butylated hydroxy toluene(BHT)0.05%(w/w)and citric acid 0.02%(w/w).The irritation test showed that there was no obvious aridity or desquamation on rabbits' skin.The hypersusceptibility test also showed that no erythema or dropsy on guinea pigs' skin was observed.Conclusion Compared with the traditional gel on sale,the acne gel causes no irritation on rabbits' skin and no hypersusceptibility on guinea pigs' skin.


There are many applications where a compressible gas flows through an orifice or a nozzle. This complex process has been examined for long time. Nevertheless current one or two dimensional mathematic and semi-empirical theories that predict a flow of a compressible gas through an orifice during an unsteady discharge from a vessel are only partially successful. It is impossible to treat all factors that might affect such a discharge. An experimental examination of a compressible gas flow through an orifice is still important part for evaluation and prediction of a discharge coefficient. This paper brings an idea for setup an apparatus on which a broad range of properties of an orifice can be tested. Several groups of properties were tested on different types of orifices and the results are presented.


Background: Detection of HPV DNA using a self-collection kit in the home setting could provide a simple, less-invasive method for cervical cancer screening. In this feasibility study, we examined the rates of HPV DNA detection with tampons collected at home as compared to clinician obtained cervical swabs. Methods: A total of 120 participants were recruited by street outreach and letters and randomly assigned to either a Self-collection Arm or a Clinic Arm. Participants in the Self-collection Arm collected the sample at home using a tampon, followed by a clinic visit for Pap testing with clinician-sampling via cervical swab and pelvic examination. Participants in the Clinic Arm had a clinic visit for Pap testing with clinician-sampling via cervical swab and pelvic examination. Both home samples and clinician obtained cervical samples were tested for HPV DNA and the sensitivity and specificity of HPV testing via tampon with samples collected in the home were calculated. Results: The percentage of tampon samples returned was 80.0% (48/60), which was significantly higher than attending of clinic visits (56.7%, 34/60). A valid HPV test was seen more often in clinician-obtained samples (34/34, 100%) as compared to self-collected samples (35/48, 72.9%). Logistic regression showed that invalid HPV testing may be related to longer interval between sample collection to sample receipt (P=0.08) but this did not reach statistical significance. However, there was no difference in the detection rates between the two Arms (58.3% vs . 56.7%) if only adequately collected samples were compared. Only 23 subjects
in the Self-collection Arm had both the tampon sample and clinic sample collected, and HPV testing from the self-colleced samples showed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (94.1%) as compared to any HPV positive results with clinic sample as the reference test.
 Conclusions: When collected and transported properly, self-collection with a tampon compared favorably to a clinical-obtained cervical swab for HPV testing. While home sampling for HPV could be an alternative to clinic-based testing for hard to reach women, more research is needed to improve the validity of HPV testing with the self-collected tampon sample.


What determines trade policy? While this may seem to be mainly a question for political scientists, it is of increasing concern to international trade theorists, faced with the obvious disjunction between the free trade prescriptions of standard trade models and the protectionist policies pursued by so many governments.1 The intellectual stakes for economists have increased further with the advent of endogenous growth models, which predict that policies can have important, long-run growth effects, as opposed to the fairly trivial deadweight losses implied by static constant returns models. Clearly it is not sufficient to take these policies as exogenous and examine their implications. To understand growth, the theory seems to be telling us, we need to understand why some countries pursue appropriate policies and others inappropriate ones. When faced with such questions, the instinct of economists is to eschew state-centered or cognitive theories and to reach for the rational choice approach: politicians supply policies; voters and interest groups demand them; the institutional environment helps determine the ways in which these demands


The magnetic-field dependence of linear and nonlinear electric conductivity in spin-density waves (SDW's) in organic conductors is studied within mean-field theory. Particular attention is paid to the low-temperature behavior and to systems with large imperfect nesting. We find that both the quasiparticle energy and the threshold electric field depend strongly on the magnetic field. The present results describe quite well the large magnetoresistance and the magnetic-field-dependent threshold electric field recently observed in SDW's of (TMTSF) 2 NO 3


Abstract : The objective of this research was to design and validate a methodology that would enhance the productivity of the buyers who perform the vendor selection function at the Defense Electronic Supply Center. The approach utilized computer automation and software developed specifically for this application. A prototype was developed and tested. Comprised of three phases and eighteen buyers, the testing evaluated the prototype in four areas: (1) accuracy of the presented information, (2) thoroughness of the presented information, (3) ability of the user to use the presented information, and, (4) usability by inexperienced personnel. Examination of the data generated by the test phase confirms the approach used to enhance the productivity of the buyers was valid. As a result of findings from this research, the recommendations derived include the integration of this methodology into the development of future buyer assistance programs.


The paper identifies the major reaction pathways of partial oxidation of methane and provides the information necessary for the development of catalysts suitable for the industrial application


Trust region algorithms for unconstrained nonsmooth optimization are suggested in-. The computational experiment indicates that our version is workable and reliable.


This is a research paper analyzing a house appeared in modern poetry through the ecological perspective and considering its meaning. To understand poet's ecological world view, the poet's thoughts, perceptions and experiences are important keyword. In ecology house and living space simply does not mean that living in the building. The inherent concept and meaning implied in the house includes life, human, and things around. This is a characteristic revealed commonly in traditional ecology and depth ecology. In this paper, the meaning of ecological house is extracted after divided into four poetic features seen from ecological point of view. First, house will lead a basic human lives throughout the residence. This refers to ecological house space and residences emasculated the economic and capitalistic desire. Second, the house is a reservoir of inner growth and emotional space. This means that the house provides the ecological imagination and dynamics of emotions, so that home allows humans to mentally grow soundly. Moreover, life in such a home becomes a source to form an ecological world view. Third, the home is not present only in a building itself, but means having a mutual relationship co-existing with each other and those of the surrounding space. This is a ecological point of view commonly exposed in traditional and depth ecology, and has meaning in that it also offers the possibility of ecological architecture. Fourth, the house means to leave, or the dismantling and absence of ecological life. This means that no human being can live in house that does not exist in nature. At the same time, it has something in common with the first feature and reveals a contrasting look. Finally, this research has the meanings as the beginning of a full-scale study on the space in ecological perspective and has significance in that it has expanded the scope of ecological literature research.


Sex scenes in movies over the years have pretty much become the norm for the film industry. Heres a list of movie sex scenes that are better then ...


In the competitive environment of banking industry, to consider marketing efforts and utilize effective marketing strategies, plays an essential role in attracting more customers and increasing deposits. The aim of this study is to investigate the causal relationships between the factors influencing brand marketing and prioritizing them, in order to promote the brand equity of Sina bank of Iran. This study from the viwepoint of objective is applied and from the viewpoint of collecting data, is descriptive-field survey. The community of respondants are experts, masters of banking field and managers of Sina Bank of Iran. Data analysis has been carried out by the multiple criteria decision making model combining DEMATEL and Analytical Network Process (ANP) methods. The main instrument for data collection is questionnaire. Farthermore calculations of data is done by Supper Decision and Excell 2007 softwares. The results indicate that among the main criteria of the study, price strategy is the first priority, followed by people, distribution channel and product/service strategies. In addition, among sub-criteria, customer's price perception is the first priority, followed by electronic channels and personnel's knowledge and proficiency.


In recent years many trials were initiated for parents to recognize their children. Although these processes were long and initially conducted as ordinary civil processes ("proceso de conocimiento"), today they are processed via the summary process, and more and more women come to the Judicial System to ensure that their children are recognized by their fathers. Many women seek out the Judicial System to obtain effective judicial protection, usually resulting in a process to obtain child support ("proceso de alimentos"), but that's not the only reason. There are also those who pursue an effective "recognition" for their children, meaning the process for filiation outside wedlock ("filiacion extramatrimonial").


A sensing and control system using ZigBee communication includes a power control radio node (PCRN) for transmitting, through ZigBee communication, sensing data generated by sensors connected to various fluid pipes and containers, or receiving a prescribed control command using ZigBee communication, and a control panel radio node (CPRN) for transmitting the sensing data received through ZigBee communication to a server, or controlling the various fluid pipes and containers by receiving the prescribed control command and by transmitting the prescribed control command to the PCRN.


We propose a way of bounding model uncertainty. The method incorporates noisy measurements of dynamical systems. Model uncertainty bounds are formalized in terms of both a structured and an unstructured part. No prior structuring of the uncertainty is needed. The uncertainty description is compatible with /spl mu/ controller design. Our approach is based on the calculation of dominating components of the model uncertainty for a process operating in multiple working points. Experimental data is required for each of the working points. These dominating components are bounded separately. It is shown that the remaining unstructured uncertainty becomes much smaller in this way. Several kinds of prior knowledge can be handled and are briefly discussed.


Bottom-up self-assembly nanofabrication process yields nanodevices with significantly more variations compared to the conventional top-down lithography used in CMOS fabrication. This is in addition to an increased defect density expected for self-assembled nanodevices. Therefore, it is one of the major design challenges to tolerate variation, in addition to defect tolerance, in emerging nano architectures. In this paper, we present a solution for variation tolerant logic mapping for FET based crossbar array nano architectures using Simulated Annealing. Furthermore, we extended the framework for defect tolerance. Experimental results including comparison with exact method confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Under the new economic situation, the development of China's cultural industry step into the new period, cultural consumption has become a powerful booster for the development of cultural industry. For the problems of the existence of cultural consumption in our country, this paper puts forward the concrete countermeasures and suggestions, such as cultivating the concept of cultural consumption, improve the disposable income of residents, improve the consumption culture of backward areas of financial subsidies, to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of culture consumption and establish a sound system of cultural consumption, mechanism. With China's economy entering the "new situation", China's economy has entered a new stage of development [1]. Under the new economic situation, the cultural industry has become an important support force for the adjustment of industrial structure and upgrading of the industrial structure. Cultural consumption is the fundamental driving force to promote the development of cultural industries and the transformation and upgrading of cultural industries. Consumer culture is in the consumption environment, with groups of certain consumer willingness and consumption capacity to meet the needs of their spiritual and cultural life, through a variety of ways to consumption of cultural products and cultural services [2]. At present, our country is facing the transformation of economic growth mode, the industrial structure is facing the optimization and upgrading. Research on how to promote cultural consumption is of great significance [3]. Current Situation of the Development of Cultural Consumption in China The Overall Situation of Cultural Consumption is good. In 2014, the report of provincial culture industry index Chinese show that China's regional cultural industry development pattern of little change compared with 2013. Overall, the eastern region due to the cultural resource, cultural capital and rich human resources, productivity index has a good ranking; since the government attaches great importance to the central and western regions of the industrial development environment has been optimized (See Table 1). Table 1 Chinese Cultural Consumption Index (2014) Score and Ranking Ranking Composite Index Cultural Consumption Environment Cultural Consumption Desire Cultural Consumption Ability Cultural Consumption Level 1 Beijing 85.6 Ningxia 83.5 Beijing 91.9 Beijing 94.8 Tianjin 93.5 2 Tianjin 85.1 Hainan 83.2 Tianjin 89.5 Zhejiang 92.7 Beijing 92.1 3 Shanghai 82.9 Gansu 82.0 Jiangsu 87.9 Shanghai 92.7 Jiangsu 90.5 4 Fujian 82.5 Jilin 81.8 Shanxi 87.1 Guangdong 89.0 Guangdong 89.3 5 Guangdong 82.4 Guizhou 81.5 Shandong 86.0 Fujian 87.3 Fujian 86.5 According to the 2014 cultural consumption index report, China's cultural consumption environment, cultural consumption and cultural consumption will enhance the level of a larger, only a decline in Cultural Consumption Satisfaction. This reflects the residents of cultural products 6th International Conference on Electronic, Mechanical, Information and Management (EMIM 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 782 quality requirements higher. From a national point of view, the overall cultural consumption in the eastern region is better than the Midwest (see Fig. 1). Figure 1. Overall Changes in Chinese Cultural Consumption Index in 2014 Total Cultural Consumption Increased Year by Year. Blue book of cultural industries, nearly 10 years, cultural industry increase value accounted for the proAfter more than ten years of development, China's cultural industry is gradually becoming a pillar industry of the national economy, the total cultural consumption is also increasing. According to the portion of GDP increasing, 1991 was 2.15%, to 2014 increase the value to 3.77%. Our cultural industry is moving towards the pillar industries of the national economy. In 1991, China's urban cultural consumption is 25 billion 796 million yuan, to 2012, the value increased to 851 billion 300 million yuan. Average annual growth of 18.12%. In 1991, China's rural cultural consumption is 41 billion 25 million yuan, and by 2012, the added value to 289 billion 297 million yuan. Average annual growth of 9.75% [4]. In 2014, China's urban residents in education, culture, entertainment and consumption per capita reached 2142 yuan, per capita consumption of rural residents is 860 yuan, there is still a large gap compared with developed countries. Diversity of Cultural Consumption Preferences. Through the survey of the residents' cultural consumption expenditure, we can find that the current residents' cultural consumption in our country presents a variety of characteristics. Newspapers, magazines, games, cultural equipment, television, design, film, books, radio, art collection and entertainment activities to become the current residents of the ten major consumer preferences cultural products. Among them, newspapers, magazines, TV and books are still the main cultural products in the traditional culture. Some of the emerging cultural products, such as games, design, also gradually get the favor of consumers, the upward trend is obvious. Most consumers tend to spend on books, periodicals, magazines, movies, literature and art performances, tourism and other cultural industries. Tourism is still the main way of cultural consumption. The Problems of Our Country's Cultural Consumption Backward Cultural Consumption Concept. The current low level of cultural consumption of residents in China, the cultural consumption gap is big, this is due to the residents' disposable income level is on the low side caused, but on the other hand, with the residents of our country is backward idea of cultural consumption also great relationship. Survey on cultural consumption will show that in the time of Cultural Consumption Willingness and willingness to spend, in the time will, more than half of the respondents for cultural consumption time accounted for more than 30% of the time; And in the willingness of spending, nearly 50% of the respondents were less than 2000 yuan of cultural consumption expenditure, cultural consumption expenditure accounted for the proportion of disposable income less than 12%. Our people for cultural consumption attitude obviously shows "willing to spend time, tend to do not want to spend money". Relative to the strong


This innovative book examines the role an automobile emissions tax could play in reducing emissions in the United States. The author concludes that an emissions tax has the potential to reduce emissions from households vehicles significantly, even when travel demand is relatively price inelastic. Beginning with a theoretical discussion of a first-best tax, a second-best tax on passenger vehicles is developed.


The properties of hydrotreating catalysts (Ni–Mo)/ZrO2–Cr2O3 containing either 10 or 90 mol% of Cr2O3 have been studied in the model reactions of thiophene hydrodesulfurisation (HDS) and tetralin hydrogenation (HYD). Catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy and measurements of textural properties. It has been shown that the presence of chromium in the NiMo/ZrO2 systems makes them more hydrogenating, because of the formation of chromium sulphide Cr2S3. Mixed hydrous or crystalline oxide Cr–Zr can be sulfided under mild conditions (400 ◦C, H2S/H2) leading to highly dispersed Cr2S3 which is impossible for individual Cr2O3. Such systems are several times more active in HYD of tetralin than industrial NiMo/Al2O3 reference catalyst. At the same time in the presence of chromium, the synergy of catalytic activity between Ni and Mo in the reaction of HDS of thiophene was lowered, apparently because of hindering of formation of mixed sulfide Ni–Mo–S active sites due to the stronger interaction between Ni and Cr species than that of Ni and Mo.


High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine plasma nimodipine of 90 mg nimodipine (Nim)gelatin pill and Nim tablet in a crossover design. The detector was operated at UV 238 nm. t1/2 and tmax of Nim gelatin pill were not significantly different compared with those of Nim tablet. cmax, AUC0.8 and AUC0-∞ of Nim gelatin pill were significantly different compared with those of Nim tablet(P0. 05). It is indicated that nimodipine gelatin pill is better than nimodipine tablet.