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The invention discloses a medicine composition for treating erectile dysfunction and a preparation method thereof. The medicine composition is a preparation prepared from the following main raw materials: fried thistles, gingko leaves, root of herbaceous peony and black ants. The medicine composition has the functions of soothing the liver, nourishing blood, tonifying qi and promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction, and has the advantages of obvious treatment effect, low cost and no side effect. The medicine composition is capable of quickly improving the erectile function of a patient, increasing the erectile hardness and prolonging the erectile duration time and the intravagina ejaculation latency, wherein the total efficiency reaches 77.14%, the total significant efficiency reaches 31.43% and the clinical cure rate reaches 20%. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the medicine composition. On the basis of different characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines, after the traditional Chinese medicines are pretreated, i.e. the medicines are smashed or extracted by using a solvent and the like, the medicines are proportioned and mixed so as to obtain the medicine composition.


Combination reactions of the methyl radical have been studied by following the decay of the absorbance of the methyl radical during the course of the reaction by means of kinetic spectroscopy. The limiting values of the second-order rate constants at high pressure were determined for two reactions at room temperature:

The extinction coefficient of the methyl radical was found to have a maximum value of (1.02 ± 0.06) X 104 1 mole−1 cm−1 at 216.4 nm. Integration of the extinction coefficient over the absorption band of the methyl radical gave an oscillator strength of 1.0 X 10−2.


ABSTRACT A study was undertaken to investigate the means of controlling casing gas (methane) emissions from heavy oil wells in the Lloydminster area in Canada. The study was aimed at providing a better understanding of the current casing gas methane emissions in the area and evaluating the potential for reducing these emissions by alternative technologies. Current casing gas emissions in the area were evaluated based on the best available information, and a database was established. Short-term trends of casing gas availability were forecasted. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed to simulate a multi-level gas clustering process. An optimization model was developed to evaluate potential technology applications and to find the least-cost solutions for reducing methane emissions in the study area.


According to "Institute of Medical investigation report", a half above percentage(58%) is a mistake which is caused by doctors can avoid in the medical injury, because medical care is risky. In Taiwan, medical events with delayed diagnosis occur increasingly. When facing the busy hospital environment, the examining time that a doctor has is limited. Thus, how to face patients to make the correct diagnosis is a quite important thing to doctors. This research uses Affinity Set, Rough Set, Back-propagation Neural Network, Logistic Regression, and SVM as tools of data mining to classify and analyze the relation within medical data. This research uses Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) curve to compare forecasting abilities with these five methods. Studying results indicate the forecast ability of SVM is the best, and the second best is Affinity. However, SVM cannot explain variables, this research chooses Affinity Set to be the final forecasting model. Affinity Set reaches 90%. Blood pressure and pulse are the frequent attributions. Therefore, when doctors diagnose patients, they should take these two attributions first. Affinity Set with high hit rate generated rules to offer doctors a reference when doctors make a diagnosis to increase accuracy and decrease delayed diagnosis.


In digital image watermarking, an image is embedded into a picture for a variety of purposes such as captioning and copyright protection. In this paper, a robust private watermarking scheme for embedding a gray-scale watermark is proposed. In the proposed method, the watermark and original image are processed by applying blockwise DCT. Also, a Dynamic Fuzzy Inference System (DFIS) is used to identify the best place for watermark insertion by approximating the relationship established between the properties of HVS model. In the insertion phase, the DC coefficients of the original image are modified according to DC value of watermark and output of Fuzzy System. In the experiment phase, the CheckMark (StirMark MATLAB) software was used to verify the method robustness by applying several conventional attacks on the watermarked image. The results showed that the proposed scheme provided high image quality while it was robust against various attacks, such as Compression, Filtering, additive Noise, Cropping, Scaling, Changing aspect ratio, Copy attack, and Composite attack in comparison with related methods.


By building ANSYS finite element models of hyperbolic cooling tower, the stress distribution rule and deformation distribution rule are analyzed under self weight and wind load. The results are important for understanding the cooling tower under different conditions of mechanical properties, which can provide references for the type of structural design of cooling tower.


In this particular instance, our inquisitiveness about the geoculture of identity is spurred by the fact that the major part of social reality that we are experiencing is highlighted by a sense of inevitability of globalization processes. Very few people, regardless of whether they belong to the layman or to the scientific community, can avoid a collision with the fact that the present-day world is covered 1 email@example.com


Using of sources of clean alternative energy is among the top priority challenges both in Europe and worldwide. Geothermal energy seems to be among the prospective energy sources. The challenge of developing of geothermal energy resources is caused by its complex nature and high cost of deep (up to 3–8 km) geothermal wells drilling. No traditional drilling methods are effective in this case. The present paper is aimed at estimation of innovative drilling technology using a thermal factor to rock disintegration. Decomposition process is intensified by using the pulse (interrupted) jet flushing mode which impacts the drilling bit / mining rock junction contact temperature and controls the heat exchange processes of the bottom-hole area. The theoretical basis and some experimental results of development such technologies are presented. The presented results show that it is possible to increase the drilling velocity of hard rocks up to 2.6 times due to the use of the heat factor. It is expected to offer new insights into the mechanics of mining rock disintegration by heat impact drilling and relation between mechanical and thermal fields in mining rock and drilling parameters. The proposed method ensures the efficient drilling of hard mining rocks at deep depths as required in the course of geothermal wells boring.


The present invention discloses a Trichoderma strain, the strain is a strain of Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum), and deposited in China Culture Collection Committee General Microbiology Center under the accession number CGMCC NO: 5812. The present invention also provides the use of Trichoderma strains as described above in the prevention and treatment of plant diseases. The present invention also provides a preparation method of chlamydospores, the method comprising: Trichoderma strain described above were submerged fermentation to produce chlamydospores. The present invention further provides a method of preparing chlamydospores obtained as described above. Through the above technical solution, the present invention can significantly improve the control effect of Trichoderma disease. CGMCC No.5812 20120227


The engineer or scientist concerned with the mathematical description of physical systems is continually faced with nonlinear formulations. The nonlinearity may be represented in the form of a differential equation representing process or system dynamics. On the other hand, nonlinear control element characteristics such as hysteresis, saturation, backlash, or nonlinear damping, whose mathematical description is algebraic, may appear. In many instances the mathematical formulation for system description may become so unwieldy that an analytical solution is either impractical or impossible. It is particularly in situations like these that digital simulation has become an invaluable tool.


With the digital transformation and increasing demand for informatization in the healthcare industry, traditional centralized information systems can no longer meet the requirements of high-concurrency access. However, microservices architecture offers a flexible and scalable solution that effectively addresses the complexity and high-concurrency access demands of healthcare information systems. In this paper, we propose a microservices system that adopts a distributed architecture combined with high-concurrency processing mechanisms. The system disperses various modules across different servers as micro-services, and each microservice can independently handle requests. This distributed and parallel processing approach improves system responsiveness and throughput while reducing the risk of single-point failures. To validate the feasibility and performance of the system, we conducted a series of experiments and evaluations. The results demonstrate that the distributed healthcare information system based on microservices architecture performs exceptionally well in handling large-scale data and high-concurrency access. The system not only provides efficient data storage and retrieval capabilities but also exhibits good scalability and fault tolerance.


Introduction: The interest in studying surfactant aggregation in other polar solvents than water has increased quite recently; indeed, much of the advances in the field are less than ten years old ...


The purpose of this study was to determine if involving family members in a schizophrenic medication education group influenced the medication adherence of their schizophrenic family member. Six schizophrenic clients and five family members participated in the study. All of the clients were male, four of the family members were female. Several ethnic groups were represented. Little change was noted in the schizophrenic clients' medication adherence behaviors on the two questionnaires utilized two months following family member attendance to the medication education group. However, family members perceptions of medication adherence more closely resembled those of their schizophrenic member two months following the group.


The use of gallium imaging in the diagnosis of intraabdominal abscess has resulted in false-positive scans from the accumulation of gallium in the gastrointestinal tract. This is particularly true in patients with a blind loop or bowel obstruction. Orally administered 99mTc can be useful in reducing the number of falsepositive scans and may confirm the intraluminal accumulation of gallium in these cases. A case study is presented which illustrates the efficacy of orally administered 99mTc for this purpose.


This paper reviews the design of orthogonal knobs for the cor re tion of transverse coupling. These knobs are typically used on-line in the CCC to minimize the |C−| in an iterative fashion. For their optimum performance they should be as orthogonal as possible using the minimum po ssible skew quadrupolar strength. To conclude it is proposed to modify the existing Beam 2 knobs for 2012 to a chieve the best possible performance.


Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) are synthetic receptors that have an ability to recognize and select its template molecule from complex matrix. Nowadays many new approaches of MIPs are researched. One of them is the preparing of magnetic MIPs. Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) nanoparticles can be a candidate for solid phase extraction adsorbent by the porous morphology, narrow size distribution, stable chemical and thermal property. The aim of this study is to prepare MMIP nanoparticles for solid phase extraction of fructose from apple juice. The PEG treated Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles surface was coated with monosaccharide (fructose) imprinted polymer. The monomer acrylamide, cross-linking agent ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), the porogen dimethylsulfoxide were used for fructose imprinting. The structural characterization of MMIP was performed by FT-IR, and the imprinting characteristics of polymer were also studied by adsorption experiment and Scatchard analysis. The 65% of fructose was recognized with fructose MMIP from apple juice using only an external permanent magnet without filtration/centrifugation.


Spontaneous rupture of the uterus is a rare occurrence. We report a case of uterine rupture associated with a mixed mullerian tumour which presented as a acute abdominal emergency. We further discuss a review of the world literature.


On September 2, 2002, at the age of 95, Ruth Rice Puffer died.

I met Dr Puffer in March 1962, when she came to the School of Public Health at the University of Sao Paulo to discuss the operational aspects of the Inter-American Investigation of Mortality in Adults. This was an international collaborative project including 10 large cities in Latin America (among them Sao Paulo), 1 city in England, and 1 city in the United States. The purpose was to get the most complete and comparable data on the deaths of adults between 15 and 74 years of age, and one of the major objectives was to find out whether the differences in mortality patterns in published statistics were real or a result of poor-quality data.

I had just completed my internship and started to work at the University Hospital at the University of Sao Paulo when I was invited to participate on the team in Sao Paulo responsible for the investigation. My job was to carefully read the interviews with the families and physicians, the hospital records, and the necropsy reports of every case included in the sample and to report the underlying cause of death, complications, and terminal cause. On the basis of this information I was to create a new death certificate. I had never participated in such an important investigation, and I knew very little about mortality statistics or even about epidemiology.


The medullary pyramids are paired white matter structures
of the brainstem's medulla oblongata and contain motor
fibers(cortico-spinal and corticobulbar tracts)-named the
pyramidal tracts).


Kinetics of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with the special emphasis on dynamics of activation and deactivation is discussed. Various mechanistic features of ATRP related to electron transfer processes are presented. Elementary reactions of ATRP process are analyzed.


A conveying efficiently in the analyzer, such as nuclear magnetic resonance NMR probe 20 of the sample NMR spectrometer 12. SUMMARY The axial sample transport apparatus 22 includes a threaded rod 50 with a helical screw 52 for regulating the sample in the axial direction, to follow the sample in the axial direction of the linear path when the screw rod 50 is rotated for restricting the transverse direction, and a plurality of guide portions 60 facing the threaded rod. The sample is inserted into the conveying device via a plurality of inlet openings 40b. Samples abuts the helical thread of the threaded rod 50, the threaded rod 50 moves through the conveying device and is rotated about its axis. Sample exits the conveying device through the corresponding outlet openings 40a and aligned with the inlet opening. Each guide part 60 is extending between the inlet opening and the outlet opening. .Field


Based on recent statistics by the US Department of Labor, only eleven percent of Aerospace Engineers and only 5.6% of Mechanical Engineers are women. Over 85% of the engineering students at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University are in one of these disciplines. Considering that 47% of the general US workforce is comprised of women, continued and increased efforts are needed to increase the number of women entering the engineering workforce. Like many institutions, Embry Riddle has struggled to attract women to our engineering programs. The university is working to increase female participation in all aspects of the engineering program. As shown in figure 1, a component of the multifaceted EmpoWER (Empowering Women at Embry Riddle) program to attract and retain young girls to the engineering field is to provide role female models to dispel the perception that engineering is a male dominated field. Figure 1: Components of EmpoWER Project The EmpoWER project has the objective of increasing the number of women at all levels, including undergraduate students, graduate students and faculty. A component of this project is a hands-on all-female student design project. The purpose of this project is to provide a concrete representation of women engineers to prospective female students. Embry Riddle chose to field an all-female team for the Baja SAE competition. Other projects could also satisfy the EmpoWER project objectives. Female involvement in the Baja SAE design project has skyrocketed since the all-female team was established. In 2005-2006, roughly 20 women participated in the first year of the all-female project, which was 10 times the number of female students on the previous co-ed Baja SAE team. In 2006-2007, almost 80 women signed up for the project, which is almost 30% of the total number of female engineering students at Embry Riddle. P ge 12437.2


Using polarimetric information of the camouflaged target surface to identify camouflage has been a hot research area in camouflage detecting. The main method is to use the difference in the degree of polarization(DOP) between background and target to add the contrast ratio of them. The measurement of the DOP has some requirements on the intensity of reflected radiation. In case of low reflected radiation intensity, the difference in the DOP for different materials is not so distinguishable. In addition, the linear degree of polarization is largely under the effects of detection angle and surface roughness, so it is hard to differentiate the degree of polarization when the targets with similar surface roughness are detected at the same detection angle. By analyzing the elements affecting the reflected electromagnetic radiation amplitudes and phase on the camouflaged target surface, this article makes a research on the polarization character of reflected radiation A method on camouflaged target recognition directly or indirectly by taking the angle of ellipsometry (AOE) imaging under the linear polarized light. The function model of the angle of incidence, complex refractive index and AOE was modeled, then the model was simulated by MATLAB and the results showed it can describe the distribution properties of AOE. A new thought for the approach of identifying camouflaged target recognition by detecting polarimetric information was proposed, and it has a deep theoretical and practical significance in camouflaged target recognition.


Abstract Herein, the effect of various treatment modes on the magnetic properties of amorphous alloys Fe49Ni29Si9B13 and Fe59Ni19Si9B13 obtained by melt spinning was considered. Samples from both alloys were heat-treated separately in the magnetic field and without the field. An increase in soft magnetic properties was detected during the transition to the crystalline phase (Hc = 0.63Oe, Bm = 1.55T, Br = 2.16T). It was determined that the soft magnetic properties of materials disappear with the formation of crystalline phases. The obtained materials were applied by replacing the electrical steel in the core of the LC1E2501 contactor produced by Schneider. During the operation, the result was 7% higher than the plant resource.


The aim of this paper is to investigate the gamma radiation shielding properties of P2O5- SiO2-K2O-MgO-CaO-MoO3 glasses. The mass attenuation coefficients (μm) have been computed via Photon Shielding and Dosimetry (Phy-X/PSD) software in the energy range 0.015-15 MeV. The other shielding factors are also computed as the effective atomic number (Zeff), electron density (Ne), and mean free path (MFP) values, exposure (EBF) and energy absorption (EABF) buildup factors for a penetration depths 20 mfp. The values of the shielding parameters are strongly dependent on energy and chemical composition. The PSKMCM6 possesses the lowest value of MFP and highest value of µm and Zeff, among the glasses. The glass sample PSKMCM6 has minimum value of EBF and EABF as compared to other samples.


and beverage industry and pharmaceutical and medical applications. Wierciszewski developed two customdesigned machines to handle packaging and visual inspection of blood testing products for a major medical products manufacturer. The "tray erector" and the "accumulation table" are automated using a PC-based control platform from Beckhoff which meets the exacting requirements for precision and flawless timing. worldwide | usa PC Control 02 | 2009


Objectives: This study aims for the development of the Family Relations Problem Symptoms Scale. Method: Using the inductive approach, the potential scale items were collected from an on-line survey with 342 participants, using open-ended questions regarding the traits/behaviors of the problematic or happy family. The selected 56 items from 1368 responses were presented to the 320 married adults to evaluate the concept conformity with the 'family relations problematic symptoms'. The final 18 items were selected using the criteria of the higher concept conformity score or the conceptual importance evaluated by researchers. Using 105 respondents sampled among the clients of the Healthy Family Support Centers throughout the country, the validity and the reliability tests were done. Results: The result showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=.97) and the satisfactory concurrent validity. Conclusions: This scale is optimal for the use of the program effectiveness test in the practical area as well as for the research in the academic area.


Numerous cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), have been shown to be addicted to transcription programs driven by specific genomic sites known as superenhancers (SEs). Recently, it has been proposed that the robust transcription of genes at such SEs is enabled by the formation of phase-separated condensates by transcription factors and coactivators with intrinsically disordered regions. The androgen receptor (AR), the main oncogenic driver in PCa, contains large disordered regions and is co-recruited with the transcriptional coactivator MED1 to SEs in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells, thereby promoting oncogenic transcriptional programs. In this work, we show that AR-rich, liquid-like foci form in prostate cancer models upon androgen stimulation. We reveal that foci formation correlates with AR transcriptional activity, which can be modulated by changing cellular foci content genetically or chemically. We also demonstrate that the transcriptional coactivator MED1 plays an essential role in the formation of transcriptionally active AR-rich foci and that AR antagonists that block cofactor recruitment or DNA binding hinder foci formation and thus AR transcriptional activity. The liquid like properties of the condensates were also validated in-vitro by using recombinant AR protein. Using clinical specimens, we detected the interaction between AR and MED1 in advanced forms of prostate cancer and not in benign tissues. These results suggest that enhanced compartmentalization of AR and coactivators at SEs may play an important role in the activation of oncogenic transcription programs in androgen-dependent PCa. A better understanding of the assembly and the regulation of these AR-rich compartments may provide novel therapeutic options for PCa by targeting downstream events of androgen activation and DNA binding of AR.
 Citation Format: Fan Zhang, Maitree Biswas, Joseph Lee, Shreyas Lingadahalli, Samantha Wong, Christopher Wells, Neetu Saxena, Bei Sun, Ana K. Parra-Nuñez, Christophe Sanchez, Jane Foo, Novia Chan, Lauren Ung, Nabeel Khan, Umut Berkay Altıntaş, Jennifer M. Bui, Yuzhuo Wang, Ladan Fazli, Paul S. Rennie, Nathan Lack, Artem Cherkasov, Martin E. Gleave, Joerg Gsponer, Nada Lallous. Dynamic phase separation of the androgen receptor and its coactivators to regulate gene expression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5729.


The diffusion function of Aubert TV model does not satisfy the second-best condition, we improve the diffusion function to get better image restoration results. Experiments results show that the new model overcome the staircase effect in smooth area and preserving significant image details in the high frequency area. This model gain higher peak signal noise ratio and has good performance of image restoration. KEYWORD: Total variation; Diffusion function; Image gradient; Image restoration


In this book, Ross develops a broad theoretical explanation for cross-cultural conflict, claiming that both social-cultural interests and psychocultural dispositions must be taken into account to explain why some societies are especially prone to conflict and others are more peaceful.


Major depressive disorder is a very heterogeneous disorder and the assessment tools most frequently used are at least as heterogeneous but, moreover, do not well represent the diagnostic criteria. This phenotypic heterogeneity could well be a barrier to a better neurobiological and psychopathological understanding of depression as well as to a better clinical understanding of which patient is better off with psychotherapy than with pharmacotherapy, or a better understanding of which patient is better off with which kind of psychotherapy or with which class of antidepressant. Finally, outcome with (or without) treatment is also much more heterogeneous than overall changes in scores on a depression scale or overall changes in response or remission rates suggest.


The 2004 AASHTO and 2005 AISC provisions for flexural design of steel I-section members have been revised in their entirety relative to previous specifications to simplify their logic, organization, and application, while also improving their accuracy and generality. This paper evaluates the lateral-torsional and flange local buckling (LTB and FLB) predictions from these and previous specifications versus uniform bending experimental test results. A total of 154 rolled and 123 welded I-section member LTB tests, and 11 rolled and 36 welded I-section member FLB tests are considered. Reliability indices are estimated for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) of buildings based on the test statistics combined with established statistics for material and fabrication bias factors and the ASCE 7 load model. The notional reliability for LTB is found to be reasonably constant and consistent with the targeted level in the first AISC LRFD specification of 1986. The unified equations, combined with a design-oriented procedure for calculation of elastic LTB K factors, are shown to capture the test results accurately throughout the inelastic and elastic LTB ranges, leading to substantial liberalization of the calculated resistances in certain cases. The mean resistances for inelastic LTB and FLB are captured accurately by a linear equation in the corresponding slenderness parameters. The reliability for FLB is found to be slightly higher than that for LTB.


This paper describes the CP-6 APL interface to I-D-S/II databases. Special emphasis is given to those capabilities that are available within APL that are not generally available in other programming language interfaces. A brief description of the I-D-S/II functionality is provided for those not familiar with CODASYL database systems.


Since the rapid prototyping and manufacturing of ceramic parts had some shortcomings,such as high cost,difficult to spread and so on,an approach for rapid prototyping and manufacturing of ceramic parts was developed based on the quick solidification of paraffin.This new technology is cheap,reliable,and significant to the manufacture of complicated ceramic parts.It mainly explains the principle of laminated quick-setting prototyping based on paraffin's character of quick-setting,and the model of "D"is established by Pro/E and stratified according to stratifaction technology.The data is input to the control device,and then combine the physical machine and woodpecker DX3017 engraving machine,ceramic part "D" is produced finally.


....................................................................................................................................x CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1 Social Problem .............................................................................................................................2 Professional Problem ....................................................................................................................2 Study, Research Questions, and Hypotheses ...............................................................................3 Decision Space Worksheet .......................................................................................................4 BDI-II .......................................................................................................................................5 CTI ............................................................................................................................................5 Readiness ..................................................................................................................................6 Occupational Alternatives Question .........................................................................................6 Theory ..........................................................................................................................................6 Definitions ....................................................................................................................................9 Assumptions ...............................................................................................................................11 Delimitations ..............................................................................................................................12 Significance of Study .................................................................................................................12 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................13 Career Counseling Theories .......................................................................................................13 Career Counseling Assessment ..................................................................................................14 Career Counseling Intervention .................................................................................................15 Decision Space Worksheet .........................................................................................................17 Cognitive Assessment ............................................................................................................18 DSW Assessment Procedures.................................................................................................19 Cognitive Information Processing Theory .................................................................................20 Two-Dimension Model of Readiness .....................................................................................21 Career Decision State .............................................................................................................23 Mental Health Issues/Depression and Career Decision .............................................................23 Depression ..............................................................................................................................24 Critical Analysis of the Literature ..............................................................................................25


IntroductionDetention of a person on the mere ground that he/she is the relative of an accused person is itself a violation of the universal, constitutional and national laws. The main focus in this regard is to understand the judicious interpretation of this lawlessness by the law enforcers. Pakistan criminal law is based on common law related to criminal justice system. The then British Empire imposed criminal laws of their choice to control the people and to uphold their rule upon their colonies, because they had to run the government upon vast areas under control with lesser officers. However, situation was not the same in their own country where every citizen was given equal rights of freedom and liberty under strict administrative checks on police system. Many countries like Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Bangkok, South Africa and USA have changed their British colonial criminal law system as per actual common law but Pakistan and India are following the same old system. However, courts are trying to awake the administration to look into the matter seriously. "The criminal law is the strongest arm of all the normative system of the society by which it punishes, controls, curbs and prevents crime in the society. The basic purpose of the criminal law and criminal justice administration is to save the society from evil, to free it from crime, or at least to make crime an unpleasant, detestable, unattractive and unacceptable activity or career. The criminal law, thus, has to be interpreted, applied and enforced in a manner so as to achieve these objectives." (PLD 2001 Lahore 105) Hence, the research question becomes, why police detain relatives of an accused to ensure his availability? The objective of study is to analyze the following factors,in qualitative and descriptive manner, for illegal acts of police regarding arrest of blameless citizens:* Whether police are empowered under British colonial system to arrest any person* Whether communal temperament makes police to adopt the process of illegal arrests* Whether the illegal detention is part of police corrupt practicesLiterature ReviewThe world has become a global village where news spread in a flash through social, electronic and print media. News about any violation of law, rules or rights, especially by state officials, reaches in remotest parts of the world very fast along with associated public opinion. In Pakistan the state officials are not only following the old working methods but are also still incompetent to respond to the current innovations and inventions. It is therefore imperative that a detailed viewpoint on the subject be discussed. In this respect, first of all Islamic principles about responsibility of acts of one person upon others including his relatives are mentioned followed by International laws on arbitrary arrest and detention. In the end contemporary studies on the subject are given briefly.Islamic concept of criminal liabilityIslamic concept about dealing with accused people and their relatives is very clear in Qur'anic manifestations. In the Holy Qur'an it has been mentioned that, "No laden soul can bear another's load" (Pickthal, 1995, p. 265) or that "No bearer will bear the burden of another" at various places of the Holy Qur'an to affirm that every individual is responsible for his own deed here in this world and hereafter (6 Al Anaam: 164; 17 Al Asraah: 15; 35 Al Fatir: 18; 39 Al Zumr: 7; and 53 Al Najam: 38). The repetition is itself a proof that Allah wants us to hold the people responsible for their own acts and not for the acts or omissions of their relatives or others. In explanation of above verses Molana Abul Alaa Maodudi (1996) has narrated that; "The Qur 'an has laid great stress on the doctrine of personal responsibility at several places, for one cannot follow the right way scrupulously without understanding fully its implications. It means that everyone is solely responsible for one's moral conduct and is accountable to God as an individual in one's own person and no other person can share the burden of responsibility with him "(p. …


Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we study the electronic structure and electron-phonon coupling in a Li-doped graphene monolayer decoupled from the Co(0001) substrate by intercalation of silicon. Based on the photoelectron diffraction measurements, we disclose the structural properties of the Si/Co interface. Our density functional theory calculations demonstrate that in the studied Li/graphene/Si/Co system the magnetism of Co substrate induces notable magnetic moments on Li and Si atoms. At the same time graphene remains almost nonmagnetic and clamped between two magnetically active atomic layers with antiparallel magnetizations. ARPES maps of the graphene Fermi surface reveal strong electron doping, which may lead to superconductivity mediated by electron-phonon coupling (EPC). Analysis of the spectral function of photoelectrons reveals apparent anisotropy of EPC in the
k space. These properties make the studied system tempting for studying the relation between superconductivity and magnetism in two-dimensional materials.


As the dawn grew brighter we withdrew ourselves from the window from which we had watched the Martians, and went very quietly downstairs.
 The artilleryman agreed with me that the house was no place to stay in. He proposed, he said, to make his way Londonward, and thence rejoin his battery—No. 12, of the Horse Artillery. My plan was to return at once to Leatherhead, and so greatly had the strength of the Martians impressed me that I had determined to take my wife to Newhaven,* and go with her out of the country forthwith. For I already perceived clearly that the country about London must inevitably be the scene of a disastrous struggle before such creatures as these could be destroyed.


IT IS THE FIVE-HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY of the arrival of John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto according to one irate letter-writer to the Ottawa Citizen). Newfoundland tourist promoters trumpet the triumphant "discovery", the Assembly of First Nations promises protests, and my first-year students look puzzled. Who is John Cabot? They do, however, know a surprising amount about the role of aboriginal women in the fur trade. And they are eager to understand why the daily news is peppered with stories about "the Indian problem". Academic writing is only recently beginning to address some of their questions, and historical analysis is cropping up in some interesting new places. Given the impact of feminism and the civil rights movement on reclaiming the history of the previously silent and invisible, one would expect that, by now, Native history might have blossomed alongside histories of women, the working class, African-Americans or ethnic communities. In Canada, however, Native history has been slow to germinate and has developed none of the sophisticated debates on theory and method that have emerged in some of the other sub-disciplines. The body of literature is finally beginning to grow and now reflects a diversity of approaches that provide fruitful soil for a preliminary discussion of some important issues about the state of the discipline more generally, even if these issues are rarely addressed directly in the literature itself. The books considered in this essay are in part a random sample, selected because they were the ones that happened to end up on the editor's desk, but they also represent several of the major directions in what might be called the "second wave" of Native history. Pathbreaking books of the first wave, like A.J. Ray's Indians in the Fur Trade (University of Toronto Press, 1974), Robin Fisher's Contact and Conflict (University of British Columbia Press, first edition, 1977), and Sylvia Van Kirk's "Many Tender Ties" (Watson and Dwyer [1980]) were rather like the compensatory studies of early women's history, writing aboriginal people back into the obvious gaps in previous work that had focused on the economies of the fur trade or the politics of settler expansion. The second wave is building on these beginnings with work in two main directions. The first is an approach driven by the political, legal and ethical issues raised in the contemporary political debate about Native rights, in which traditional historical sources and methods are merely applied to a new topic. The second approach recognizes the role of culture in history, driven in part by intellectual developments in the social sciences, and leading historians into the murky waters of anthropology and culture theory, including the current flirtation with post-modernism. At the same time (dare one say "conjuncture"?), anthropologists have turned to history as a technique to enrich their work and meet criticisms of their discipline. Hence a great deal of the Native history being published now is actually written by anthropologists. Subtle and not-so-subtle differences in approach raise some important challenges for


Based on the features of molecular pharmacognosy subjects, this paper analyzed and induced three features of the curriculum, basic contents and learning methods of it for the need of under-graduate or post-graduate students study. The future development of the molecular pharmacognosy was also introduced in this paper. It was aimed to make the students clear about the subject of molecular pharmacognosy on the whole and spread it in teaching.


Motivated by increasing powerful edge devices with data-intensive computing and limited storage size, we study a MapReduce-based wireless distributed computing framework by allocating a portion of files in the remote data center to the network edge and utilizing computation and memory resources at the edge. Our framework is composed of three step phases: 1) Map; 2) Shuffle; and 3) Reduce. However, in the data shuffling stage, shuffling many data accounts for a large amount of the total running time over wireless interference networks will degrade its performance. Moreover, data shuffling between pervasive edge devices with limited spectrum bandwidth is very challenging. Today, many devices focus on computing functions rather than collecting all the individual wireless data centers. Therefore, we can use over-the-air computation (AirComp) technology to reliably compute multiple target functions by harnessing interference in the multiple-access channel with a higher computation efficiency than the traditional orthogonal multiaccess scheme that combats interference. We study a mixed-timescale optimization of the transmitting–receiving (Tx-Rx) policy and file allocation to minimize the averaged computation mean-squared error (MSE) under the power constraint of each device. File allocation control is adaptive to the long-term statistical channel state information (CSI), while the Tx-Rx policy is adaptive to the CSI and file allocation strategy. We decompose the problem into a short-term Tx-Rx policy and a long-term file allocation control problem to tackle the joint nonconvex optimization. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of our proposed two-timescale algorithm and the advantages of our computation framework over the state-of-the-art baselines.


Study focused on comparing the perception of the educational environment of students in the 4th year of the Nursing degree in two public universities, Zaragoza and Cádiz. Descriptive cross-sectional study. The perception of the educational environment was measured through the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure validated questionnaire for health sciences. The total number of surveys obtained was 170. To see differences in the perception of learning and the acquisition of professional skills, the t-student was used and it was analyzed whether there was a correlation using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The statistics were made with SPSS v22. The descriptive results show, mostly between 18-21 years old, 86% of women and 62.5% choose as 1st option Nursing. 78.8% of students perceive the "Environment as adequate" without observing a difference between the two Universities. Regarding professional competences, the average assessment is higher in the University of Zaragoza than in Cádiz (p <0.001) there is also a positive correlation in the University of Zaragoza between professional competences with the overall perception of the students' educational environment (p <0.05). The project is sustainable and transferable, we must deepen in implementing improvements for the acquisition of professional competences in the Nursing degree.


Nonimaging optics is focused on the study of methods to design concentrators or illuminators systems. It can be included in the area of photometry and radiometry and it is governed by the laws of geometrical optics. The field vector method, which starts with the definition of the irradiance vector E, is one of the techniques used in nonimaging optics. Called "Geometrical flux vector" it has provide ideal designs. The main property of this model is, its ability to estimate how radiant energy is transferred by the optical system, from the concepts of field line, flux tube and pseudopotential surface, overcoming traditional raytrace methods. Nevertheless this model has been developed only at an academic level, where characteristic optical parameters are ideal not real and the studied geometries are simple. The main objective of the present paper is the application of the vector field method to the analysis and design of real concentration and illumination systems. We propose the development of a calculation tool for optical simulations by vector field, using algorithms based on Fermat`s principle, as an alternative to traditional tools for optical simulations by raytrace, based on reflection and refraction law. This new tool provides, first, traditional simulations results: efficiency, illuminance/irradiance calculations, angular distribution of light- with lower computation time, photometrical information needs about a few tens of field lines, in comparison with million rays needed nowadays. On the other hand the tool will provides new information as vector field maps produced by the system, composed by field lines and quasipotential surfaces. We show our first results with the vector field simulation tool.


Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of intervarietal corn (Zea mays) hybrids with topcross crosses between landrace populations, and to confirm whether genetic dissimilarity between populations is correlated with the heterosis of the intervarietal hybrids in the field. Nine topcross hybrids were evaluated with their tester 'BRS Planalto', and the following landrace populations were used as parents: Argentino Branco, Dente de Ouro, Amarelão, Criolão, Caiano Rajado, Branco Oito Carreiras, Branco Roxo Índio, Cateto Branco, and Argentino Amarelo. The tester 'BRS Planalto' and the topcross hybrids Branco Oito Carreiras x 'BRS Planalto' and Criolão x 'BRS Planalto' showed higher per se potential for grain yield. The topcross hybrid Branco Oito Carreiras x 'BRS Planalto' showed a better performance for number of grains per row, grain weight, and ear diameter, whereas Criolão x 'BRS Planalto' displayed a better performance for the number of grains per row and ear length. Greater estimates of genetic distance did not necessarily result in greater heterosis values and were exclusively correlated with grain ear length. Therefore, it is not possible to predict the effects of high heterosis on grain yield, based on the genetic distance between the populations involved in the crosses.


In this paper, spatial autocorrelation analysis, ordinary least square (OLS) and spatial regression models were applied to explore spatial variation of soil salinity based on samples collected from the Yellow River Delta. Generally, spatial data, like soil salinity, elevation height etc., are characterized by spatial effects such as spatial dependence and spatial structure. Inasmuch as these effects exist, the utilization of OLS model may lead to inaccurate inference about predictor variable. Moreover, the traditional regression models used to analyze spatial data often have autocorrelated residuals which violate the assumption of Guess-Markov Theorem. This indicates that conventional regression models cannot be used in analyzing variability of soil salinity directly. To overcome this limitation, spatial regression model was introduced to explore the relationship between soil salinity and environmental factors (including elevation height, pH value and organic matter concentration). By verifying Moran's I scatterplot of residuals, we found no autocorrelation in spatial regression model compared with high significant (p < 0.001) positive autocorrelation in the OLS model; besides, the spatial regression model had a significant (p < 0.01) estimations and good-fit-it in our study. Finally, an approach of specifying optimal spatial weight matrix was also put forward.


While securing the area, the soldiers of the Iraqi National Guard (ing) started pulling out the dead bodies one by one from the mosque—one of which was covered in a blanket and set next to my gun position. A curious ing soldier came by and shifted the blanket so you could see the guy's face; he was young, about my age, and his eyes and mouth were wide open as he lay there, face up, dead. Hundreds of empty brass shell casings were splashed all around me, tow missile cords littered the streets, and the aftermath of detonated car bombs was visible in every direction. It was one of those days when a series of car bombs was being detonated around town. Insurgents had attacked and completely taken over the neighboring police station. We arrived on the scene just in time to take fire from the neighboring mosque. The fighting lasted for several hours, and when it was over a cease-fire was called so the ings could go inside and kill whomever was left, as well as remove the dead bodies. An older Iraqi lady appeared from around a street corner, surprising me. Dressed in traditional Arab attire, she appeared calm as she carried several plastic bags filled with groceries in one hand and led a little boy by the hand with the other. She began speaking to me in Arabic and with her hands gestured that she lived on the street and how she just wanted to go home. Between the two of them and their front door lay another dead body. Other than that, I saw no reason not to grant her request. I nodded a yes to her and allowed her to go on by.


In this note we give a recursive formula for the derivatives of isotropic positive definite functions on the Hilbert sphere. We then use it to prove a conjecture stated by Trubner and Ziegel, which says that for a positive definite functions on the Hilbert sphere to be in $C^{2\ell}([0,\pi])$, it is necessary and sufficient for its $\infty$-Schoenberg sequence to satisfy $\sum_{m=0}^{\infty}a_m m^{\ell}<\infty$.


Service oriented architectures (SOA) and XML-based Web Services have become the technology of choice in enterprise networks. These networks support multiple services and are typically architected in multiple computing tiers, with a main service tier for the business logic and a separate, "offload" tier, for, say, the CPU-intensive XML processing. The offload tier is typically populated by clusters of middleware appliances, usually hardware-assisted devices that are optimized for their tasks. Service differentiation refers to the generic problem of managing the enterprise network resources in order to achieve desired performance objectives on a per service basis. In this paper, we define a SAA/SDA (Service Activation Algorithm/Service Deactivation Algorithm) that manages the CPU allocation in the appliance tier, in order to provide service differentiation. The main design objective of SAA/SDA is to overcome the disadvantages of the present known, static solutions. We analyze the performance of SAA/SDA via simulations.


Fuel cells electrochemically convert chemical energy in fuels into electrical energy (and heat) and so can produce power efficiently with low environmental impact. Applications of fuel cells include stationary power generation, distributed combined heat and power (CHP) and portable power. Recently, research has been conducted on direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) technology that converts the chemical energy in solid carbon directly into electricity. This article discusses these technologies and their development status. For smallto medium-sized stationary power systems and CHP, the USA ranks first for fuel cell capacity and Japan leads for delivery systems. South Korea is home to the world's largest fuel cell power plant: the 59-MW Gyeonggi Green Energy park in Hwasung City. Deployment of fuel cell systems is driven by support from governments in the form of tax credits and other incentives. For large stationary power generation, current interest is in integrating a coal gasification process with high-temperature fuel cells (IGFC) to create ultra-high-efficiency, low-emissions power generation systems. The first IGFC demonstration plant with CCS may be in Japan in 2021 as a result of the CoolGen project. DCFC is still in its infancy and far from demonstration. The overall challenges for stationary fuel cells are cost and cell durability. Experience gained from research, designing, building and operating commercially available systems and the IGFC demonstration plant should lead to further development of the technologies and reduced costs, making them a realistic option for power generation.


ABSTRACT The most important parameters characterizing thermal comfort of special garments are thermal resistance and water vapor permeability. Contrary to common textiles, protective garments are often used in wet state, which affects their comfort properties. However, current measuring instruments mostly do not enable reliable measurement of wet fabrics. In the article, Alambeta instrument was used, which provides reliable measurement of thermal comfort of dry and wet fabrics. Research program included evaluation and discussion of the thermal properties: conductivity, resistance, and absorbtivity of wool and wool/partial use of hydrophobic fibers woven fabrics in dry, standard, and wet states. The effect of composition on the above-mentioned properties of these fabrics has also been investigated.


EDUCATING FOR ADVANCED FOREIGN LANGUAGE CAPACITIES: CONSTRUCTS, CURRICULUM, INSTRUCTION, ASSESSMENT. Heidi Byrnes, Heather D. Weger-Guntharp, and Katherine Sprang (Eds.). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2007. Pp. x + 208. $44.95 paper. The contents of this volume are drawn from papers presented at the 2005 Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics (GURT), the theme of which was educating for advanced language proficiency. In her introduction, Byrnes notes that despite the obvious need for advanced foreign language capacities and the clear limitations of current instructional practices, the advanced learner is often overlooked in SLA theory and research and continues to receive inadequate pedagogical attention. To help rectify this situation, the conference conveners brought together leading cognitive linguistic, systemic-functional, and sociocultural researchers in order to "specify the construct of advancedness in theory and research and for laying out broad parameters for curriculum, instruction, and assessment in support of the acquisition of advanced levels of L2 ability" (p. 3). Each of the 12 chapters is provocative, and the volume, overall, is of excellent quality. Researchers and educators alike will find this work profoundly useful.


arrest after receiving 30 ml. of lignocaine 2%. (2) A boy of 4 died after 15 ml. of lignocaine 2%' had been used to block the brachial plexus. (3) A boy of 9 died after being given 30 ml. of lignocaine 2% prior to the reduction of fractures. I have been unable to discover any instance of death due to sensitivity to lignocaine. Overdosage was responsible in all cases. Fatalities have probably occurred in addition to the nine mentioned above, and others must be expected if the indiscriminate use of lignocaine 2% continues.-I am, etc.,


A reconfigurable microwave photonic filter (MPF) with large bandwidth is proposed. Flexible taps provided by an optical frequency comb enable the reconfigurable response of the MPF. Besides, a broadband response with a bandwidth of 7.1 GHz is achieved by a large number of taps and the image interference suppression.


From a re-evaluation of experiments with the coccolithophorid Coccolithus hurleyi made by Paasche (1964), curves are presented showing the rate of photosynthesis as a function of the concentration of both free CO2 and bicarbonate CO2. It is shown that photosynthesis in a naked clone is due only to the uptake of free CO2.

The problem concerning the high concentration of free CO2 necessary for photosynthesis in Coccolithus huxleyi is discussed. It is shown that it is not due to lack of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

Hence it is probable that the formation of coccoliths is the mechanism by which, in Coccolithus, the utilization of HCO3- ions in photosynthesis becomes possible. The OH- ions produced during photosynthesis (+Ca2+ taken up together with the HCO3- ions) are thus neutralized. This situation is different from other aquatics utilizing HCO3- in photosynthesis. Here the OH- ions are neutralized via an ion exchange of Ca2+ with H+ in the surrounding medium.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Initially thought to be a retinal vasculopathy macular telangiectasia (MacTel) type 2 is now believed to be a primary neuroglial disorder with secondary vascular changes. To date there is no evidence for an effective treatment of nonproliferative MacTel type 2. Patients with proliferative MacTel type 2 with decreasing visual function may benefit from intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. Areas covered: A medline search using Pubmed and google scholar was conducted to identify research studies providing an overview of epidemiology, clinical features, imaging characteristics and structure-function correlation, with an emphasis on currently available treatment options for MacTel type 2. Expert commentary: The nature of the initiating event in MacTel type 2 remains obscure. Identification of a genetic basis would be a great advance but has so far been elusive. It is likely that derangement of outer retinal metabolism plays a major role.


The major flavor and aroma components of Mengding Ganlu tea were analyzed by combined use of conventional analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The free amino acid composition and aroma compounds were examined for their relationships with the quality and flavor. The results showed that the major flavor compounds of Mengding Ganlu tea included polyphenols, catechins, caffeine, soluble sugars and amino acids with values of (23.98 ± 0.26)%, (17.52 ± 0.05)%, (4.26 ± 0.21)%, (4.85 ± 0.12)% and (4.66 ± 0.16)%, respectively, and the phenol/ammonia ratio was 3.95–7.43. The tea infusion from the second brewing scored highest (28.9±0.2) in sensory quality and mainly contained polyphenols (262.2 mg/250 m L), caffeine (63.9 mg/250 m L), soluble sugars (66.5 mg/250 m L) and free amino acids (89.3 mg/250 m L) with a small phenol/ammonia ratio of 2.93. Mengding Ganlu tea contained 18 kinds of amino acids, with theanine accounting for 20.46 mg/g of the total amount. The contents of ECG and EGCG in the tea were 3.39% and 6.97%, respectively. Totally 51 kinds of aroma components in the tea were detected, mainly including alcohols (12) and ester (9), with linalool, β-ionone, nerolidol and trans-nerolidol being the major compounds. These components contributed to the lasting delicate aroma.


Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) promotes bone healing through the cyclooxgenase 2 (COX‐2) pathway. Methods. Each male Sprague Dawley rat (n = 48 total) in the study underwent bilateral drilled hole injury in the proximal tibiae. Then the animals were randomly assigned to 2 groups: a COX‐2 inhibitor (COX‐2in) group, treated with the selective COX‐2 inhibitor rofecoxib (3 mg/kg/d), and a control (CON) group, treated with distilled water. Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound was applied to the injured site of a single limb of each rat for 20 min/d at a consistent intensity (30 mW/cm2) and frequency (1.5 MHz). Subsets of animals from both groups were killed after 3, 7, or 14 days of single‐limb LIPUS treatment. Tissue sections were subjected to alcian blue staining, and the healing status was quantified according to a scoring system. Results. After 3 and 7 days, the CON group's LIPUS‐treated limbs had significantly higher healing scores than its nontreated limbs and the COX‐2in group's LIPUS‐treated limbs (P < .05). Interestingly, after the 14‐day treatment, the COX‐2in group's LIPUS‐treated limbs had significantly higher healing scores than its nontreated limbs (P < .05) but showed no difference when compared with the CON group. Conclusions. Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound did show accelerative efficacy on bone healing. Selective inhibition of COX‐2 could delay but not entirely block the benefits of LIPUS on bone healing. Low‐intensity ultrasound treatment could promote bone healing through other, non–COX‐2‐dependent, pathways.


Most illnesses are lethal if left untreated and most of the people don't know whether they have a certain disorder or not. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose the disease at an earlier stage to improve the life expectancy of the affected individuals. The cancer disease is the most deadly disease which needs to be identified and diagnosed earlier. In particular, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world with a high death rate. Hence breast cancer disease needed to be predicted earlier to lead a life healthier. In this paper, a novel predictive modelling technique is implemented with the combination of the logistic regression, random forest and deep neural network to predict breast cancer. The performance of proposed model has been evaluated in terms of measuring accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score. For our proposed ensemble technique, we gain accuracy of 97.6%, precision of 97%, recall of 97% and an F1-score of 97%. The result that we obtained through the ensemble technique is exceptional when compared to the traditional method like logistic regression and conventional method like the random forest.


We report critical-current measurements in all high-T c superconducting-normal-superconducting junctions using Y 0.6 Pr 0.4 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 (with T cN =40 K) as the normal metal. Above T cN , we find a clear exponential dependence of I c on the thickness of the barrier which is characteristic of the proximity erect. The order-parameter decay length is about 120 A for T>60 K, and it diverges as T cN is approached. We estimate that ζ 0 for this material is 80±25 A


Sweeping reforms to the libel laws of England and Wales to curb "libel tourism," simplify the law, and reduce its chilling effect on free speech and scientific debate have been unveiled by the UK government in a draft bill.

The draft defamation bill will require would be libel claimants to prove substantial harm to their reputation before a case can go ahead. At present they need only show that a statement was defamatory—likely to lower them in the estimation of right thinking people.

London has become known as the libel capital of the world, allowing claimants to launch actions with tenuous links to the United Kingdom. The bill provides that the English courts will not be able …


The Aural Learning Project (ALP) was developed to incorporate jazz method components into the author's classical practice and her applied woodwind lesson curriculum. The primary objective was to place a more focused pedagogical emphasis on listening and hearing than is traditionally used in the classical applied curriculum. The components of the ALP for the applied studio are (1) listening to at least two professional recordings of the works currently being studied and analyzing the performances, (2) recording projects with a written evaluation of the performance, (3) SmartMusic practice, (4) memorization and transcription projects, (5) assigned readings and research on works studied, and (6) composed and improvised warm-up and technique exercises. This article is a report on the project and a description of its implementation and assessment.


Medium- and high-entropy alloys (M/HEAs) mix multiple principal elements with near-equiatomic composition and represent a paradigm-shift strategy for designing new materials for metallurgy, catalysis, and other fields. One of the core hypotheses of M/HEAs is lattice distortion. However, experimentally determining the 3D local lattice distortion in M/HEAs remains a challenge. Additionally, the presumed random elemental mixing in M/HEAs has been questioned by atomistic simulations, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron diffraction, which suggest the existence of local chemical order in M/HEAs. However, the 3D local chemical order has eluded direct experimental observation since the EDS elemental maps integrate the composition of atomic columns along the zone axes, and the diffuse reflections/streaks in electron diffraction of M/HEAs may originate from planar defects. Here, we determine the 3D atomic positions of M/HEA nanocrystals using atomic electron tomography, and quantitatively characterize the local lattice distortion, strain tensor, twin boundaries, dislocation cores, and chemical short-range order (CSRO) with unprecedented 3D detail. We find that the local lattice distortion and strain tensor in the HEAs are larger and more heterogeneous than in the MEAs. We observe CSRO-mediated twinning in the MEAs. that is, twinning occurs in energetically unfavoured CSRO regions but not in energetically favoured CSRO ones. This observation confirms the atomistic simulation results of the bulk CrCoNi MEA and represents the first experimental evidence of correlating local chemical order with structural defects in any material system. We expect that this work will not only expand our fundamental understanding of this important class of materials, but also could provide the foundation for tailoring M/HEA properties through lattice distortion and local chemical order.


ABSTRACT Gatekeeping has long been an integral component of what is now referred to as the Implicit Curriculum, or the context in which professional social work education occurs. Despite its long-standing role within social work education, gatekeeping elicits conflict for both individual faculty members and entire programs of social work education. Much of this conflict stems from a failure to identify objective and measurable standards on which to base gatekeeping decisions. This article proposes using the Council on Social Work Education's core competencies as behaviorally specific standards for remediation/termination and provides suggestions for developing gatekeeping policies inclusive of these competencies.


Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogenous plasma cell malignancy with various complications. Sclerostin is a Wingless-type (Wnt) inhibitor specifically expressed by osteocytes; it acts as a negative regulator of bone formation. Objectives: To assess plasma sclerostin level in MM patients and find its correlations with clinical and laboratory data, including osteolytic bone disease and international staging system (ISS). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 80 individuals: 40 newly diagnosed MM patients and 40 healthy adults. Patients were divided according to the presence of bone disease and ISS stage and were investigated for complete blood count, blood film and bone marrow (BM). Plasma levels of β2-microglobulin and sclerostin were measured using competitive and sandwich enzyme immunoassay techniques, respectively. Results: Sclerostin level was significantly increased in MM patients than control group (P < 0.001) and was significantly higher in those with osteolytic bone disease and/or pathological fractures than those without bone lytic lesions (P < 0.001). Patients with ISS stage III showed significantly higher sclerostin level than stages I and II (P = 0.003). High sclerostin levels were positively correlated with blood urea, serum creatinine, uric acid, and β2-microglobulin (P-values 0.034, <0.001, <0.018 and <0.001, respectively) and negatively with glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.001). No significant correlation was found with age, gender, hematological and other biochemical parameters. Conclusions: In newly diagnosed MM patients, the plasma sclerostin was significantly correlated with renal impairment. High levels of plasma sclerostin were also found in advanced disease stage and with the presence of significant bone disease.


In this paper, we shall consider higher order nonlinear neutral delay differential equation of the type [x(t) + p(t)x( (t))] (n) + q(t)[x( (t))] = 0, t t0, n 2 N, (*)