Objective To explore the effects of BCG and Poly I:C co-vaccination on the development of spleen T cell subsets of neonatal BALB/c mice. Methods Neonatal BALB/c mice were inoculated with BCG and/or Poly I:C intraperitoneally within 2-3 d after birth. Four weeks later, spleen cells of mice were isolated and the percentage of CD3+ CD8+ IFN-γ+,CD3+ CD8-IFN-γ+,CD3+ CD8+ IL-4+,CD3+ CD8- IL-4+,CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells,which represent Tc1,TH1,Tc2,TH2,Treg cells,respectively,were tested by flow cytometry at single cell level,and the ratios of TH 1/TH 2 and Tc1/Tc2 were calculated. Results The percentages of TH1 and Tc1 cells of BCG-vaccinated mice,Poly I:C-vaccinated mice and BCG plus Poly I:C-vaccinated mice were significantly higher than that of control mice(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and there was no difference among the three vaccinated group. The ratios of TH1/TH2 and total IFN-γ/IL-4 of the three vaccinated groups were higher than that of control group,but not the ratio of Tc1/Tc2. The TH1/TH2 ratio of BCG plus Poly I:C-vaccinated group was higher than that of BCG-vaccinated group(P<0.05).The percentages of Trge cells showed no difference among the four groups(P>0.05). Conclusion BCG and Poly I:C co-vaccination can significantly increase the number of Tc1 and TH 1 cells and TH 1/TH2 ratio in spleen cells. BCG and Poly I:C vaccination may have a synergistic effect on TH 1/TH2 ratio of spleen cells in neonataI mice. The percentage of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells among four groups showed no significant difference.

Key words:
BCG; Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid; T cell subsets; Regulatory T cells


The utility model relates to a hoisting device of a container, and in particular to a lifting device of a container which is used for being off the shore, which comprises hangers which are welded to the four side corners of a top frame member of a container, and each hanger comprises a corner post and a lifting eye which is welded with the corner post, and the lifting eye is provided with a lifting hole, and is characterized in that the corner post and the lifting eye are simultaneously welded on the top frame member of the container, and the lifting eye extends in the diagonal direction of the rectangular arrangement and is welded at the side of the corner post at a given angle, so that two diagonal lifting eyes are opposite to each other on the diagonal and are symmetrical to each other according to the central line of the top frame member. The lifting device not only can be independently applied to the off-shore container, but also can make the off-shore container be additionally provided with the corner elements like the ordinary container so as to become the off-shore container which can be stacked; moreover, the lifting device also can be arranged on an ordinary container, so that the ordinary container can be used as an off-shore container.


We present an interactive face cloning system that imitates users' facial expressions in virtual space. To do this, we construct a multi-view capture studio. Our system consists of offline and online stages. In the offline stage, facial shapes and light conditions are jointly optimized to obtain a realistic facial scan from static multi-view images. In the online stage, the facial scan is parameterized using landmarks and it is deformed according to the users' facial expressions. Furthermore, our system provides a GUI to allow user interaction with the generated facial clone. We demonstrate our system enables immersive communication in a virtual world.


The invention discloses a KNX-BACnet/IP protocol conversion gateway based on a Cortex-M processor, which is functionally divided to mainly comprise a KNX communication module, a gateway configuration module, a BACnet/IP communication module and a protocol conversion module, wherein the KNX communication module supports a communication protocol of the KNX on a TP1 medium; the gateway configuration module supports a standard TCP/IP protocol and realizes a network communication function with upper computer configuration software; the BACnet/IP communication module supports a BACnet/IP protocol, part of BACnet generic object types and a service set; and the protocol conversion module comprises equipment mapping and data mapping between the KNX system and the BACnet/IP system, all mapping is stored in shared data memory pools, and through memory management and task scheduling, the protocol conversion module realizes mapping and two-way interaction of the data. The KNX-BACnet/IP protocol conversion gateway based on a Cortex-M processor has the advantages of small volume, high reliability, flexible configuration and the like. Integration and service sharing between the KNX system and the BACnet/IP system can be quickly and conveniently realized.


The indoor environment is a multidisciplinary scientific field involving chemistry, physics, biology, health sciences, architecture, building sciences and civil engineering. The need for reliable assessment of human exposure to indoor pollutants is attracting increasing attention. This, however, requires a detailed understanding of the relevant compounds, their sources, physical and chemical properties, dynamics, reactions, their distribution among the gas phase, airborne particles and settled dust as well as the availability of modern measurement techniques. Building products, furnishings and other indoor materials often emit volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. With respect to a healthy indoor environment, only low emitting products, which do not influence indoor air quality in a negative way, should be used in a building. Therefore, materials and products for indoor use need to be evaluated for their chemical emissions. This is routinely done in test cambers and cells. Many studies have shown that the types of sources in occupational and residential indoor environments, the spectrum of emitting compounds and the duration of emission cover a wide range. The demand for standardized test methods under laboratory conditions has resulted in several guidelines for determination of emission rates. Furthermore, it has now been recognized that both primary and secondary emissions may affect indoor air quality. The problem may become more dominant when components of different materials can react with each other or when catalytic materials are applied. Such products derived from indoor related reactions may have a negative impact on indoor air quality due to their low odor threshold, health related properties or the formation of ultrafine particles. Several factors can influence the emission characteristics and numerous investigations have shown that indoor chemistry is of particular importance for the indoor related characterization of building product emissions. This paper provides an overview of the current state of the art research on the mentioned topics.


A kind of soft micro-ratchet / nano-rods structure surface was fabricated by intergrating the methods of soft-lithography and crystal growth,which realized low adhesion and icephobic properties in low temperature environment. The droplet could be driven off before it freezes by the deformation of micro-ratchet. The results indicate that the bend effect changes the three phase contact line and generates droplet-driven performance with different bend angles. The dent effect increases the three phase contact line and increases the difficulty for driving droplet. While,the raised effect decreases the three phase contact line and decreases the adhesion force between liquid and solid,which makes the droplet off the surface easily with the effect of gravity. This special structure has real potential in icephobic field.


Axelrod's (1970) notion of "connected coalition" is generalized to the N-dimensional case, and a simple but powerful model of coalition dynamics is put forth which generates connected coalitions with certainty in the unidimensional case and which usually, but not necessarily, gives rise to minimal winning coalitions. Political decision making is discussed at the levels of the group, organization, society, and supranational system. Unlike most other models in the coalition literature, the model presented: (a) is based on notions of ideological policy proximity rather than on notions such as least resources or zero-sum conflict; (b) posits a dynamic process of protocoalition formation which permits two actors to join in a (proto)coalition only when each is the other's most preferred partner; and (c) for sufficient information about the policy preferences/ideological views of the political actors, yields unique predictions as to which coalition can be expected to form.


Dynamically evolving a widely distributed service or appli cation is a challenging systems design task In this paper we describe a plausible high level design for a common soft ware framework that supports such extensible distributed services Our design requires that the distributed service be implemented in an interpreted language but our framework allows transparent and on demand procedure instantiation at agents of the distributed service In addition this frame work enables distributed services to be composed from re usable modules and service sessions to be initiated from a


This article depicts the orthodontic medicine of a 12-year-old female tolerant having askeletal Class II malocclusion with localised hypomature amelogenesisimperfecta. We were fit to fulfil orthodontic medication without causingdental polish harm for example demineralization, white spot sore and breaks when were moved the edgewise apparatuses. A great impediment and feel grins were realized, and these comes about have been administered for three years after fruition of the animated medication.


The goal of this diploma thesis is to establish the frequency of the emotional abuse of children at home and at kindergarten, and to establish how well kindergarten employees can recognize and take measures at the suspicion of it.
The diploma thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. In the theoretical part the forms of abuse are described, as well as symptoms, consequences and measures to prevent further abuse. The data concerning the frequency of abuse in the institution and in homes was compared. The people responsible were also described.
The empirical part presents the results of the survey, which investigated the recognition of emotional abuse and the response of kindergarten employees when they detect it, as well as the differences in the frequency of abuse at home or at kindergarten. The survey showed that people have problems with recognition and are not familiar with the measures to prevent further abuse. The comparison of frequency of abuse shows that abuse occurs at home more often than in kindergarten.


In order to describe the dynamics of growing bacterial cultures a non-autonomous differential equation is applied. The model describes the lag phase as an adjustment period and for the lag-parameter a new definition is introduced. Some mathematical aspects of the model are described and, on the basis of more than 500 growth curves, its statistical properties are compared with the Gompertz-approach commonly used in food microbiology.


As a method to detect the interaction of bio-macromolecules with their specific ligands, especially protein-ligand binding (Enzyme-substrate or antibody-antigen), this paper presents a new method to integrate cantilevers made from SU-8 and protein films fabricated by electrospray deposition.


In this paper different tools with extended features for organizing questionnaires are analysed. The existing Moodle tools do not allow to implement questionnaire questions with non-standard functionality: checking of entered text (in short answers), auto-completing data from user profile, s election of cards, post-processing of question execution, for example, saving information in a separate database. To overcome these disadvantages a methodology of creation plugins for new questions and their behaviour using Moodle Quiz is presented. Comparing to another solutions the advantage of the methodology proposed is that it is possible to create a combination of quizzes and surveys (questionnaires). We present the development of a conference support system as another complex application. Also, there is an example of a mixed questionnaire test-like system for collection of a feedback from users about a connected test. In such applications it is necessary not only to collect data, but also to make sure that a person understands how to input it correctly. A system of 8 developed plugins is described.


The news on science and technology, are widespread currently. However, despite this dissemination of information made by the media, the reading profile of the Brazilian population on scientific subjects is reduced, however sense in this working with texts of popular science (TDC) in classroom, by means of didactic planning (PD) is a possibility to approach relevant topics in the world contemporary and to facilitate the association of the contents in Biology with the daily lik of students. This is so because the texts of popular science (TDC), besides being in accessible language and besides that making it possible to discuss the power of the media in of opinion-making.


The post deposition treatment (PDT) of chalcopyrite absorber layers with heavy alkalis leads to an increase in power conversion efficiencies in CI(G)S solar cells. Here, we present an in-situ treatment with etching step on CuInSe 2 absorber layers grown under copper excess, which improves the open circuit voltage (Voc), the fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency. Low temperature photoluminescence measurements show that besides the stoichiometric absorber a second copper deficient phase is present near the surface after the PDT. Calibrated photoluminescence measurements reveal that there is an improvement in quasi Fermi level splitting after treatment contributing to the improved Voc.


Abstract It is generally known that a high peak value exits at around 1 kHz in the coast‐by noise spectrum and dominates the coast‐by noise level. This phenomenon occurs in tires having tread patterns and for blank tires. Therefore this noise at around 1 kHz is not only generated by tread patterns (pattern blocks, pipe resonance etc.) but also by the vibrations of the tire components, especially the tread portion. Experimental and FE analyses were carried out to clarify the relation between coast‐by noise and tread vibration, and the influence of changes in tire construction on tread vibration.


The regeneration of old industrial areas in the cities has a series problem such as unbalanced development between the physical environment's updating and the economic and social development;and unbalanced development between the section and the region.This article investigates the meaning of the cultural planning and its significance for the regeneration of industrial areas under the stage of the current increasing demand for the cultural context,and proposes that the cultural planning should lead the old industrial areas to regenerate.This article lists three types of regeneration of old industrial areas under the guidance of cultural planning.One type is the economic objectives-led that characterized by developing culture industry.The other type is the social development-led that characterized by the introduction of cultural events in shaping the city brand.And the third type is the physical environment-led that characterized by the building of landmark cultural facilities.


Line Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (LSPMSMs) combine the high efficiency of the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) with the ease of use, simplicity in design and high starting capability of the induction motors (IMs). Due to the rapidly growing usage of this relatively new motor, proposing a diagnostics method for broken rotor bar fault is necessity. In this paper, a diagnostics technique based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was developed to detect the broken bars fault in LSPMSM using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) in order to extract distinguishing features from the stator phase current. This distinguishing attributes were proposed to be the inputs to the built neural network.


This study used survival analysis (also called event history analysis) to investigate how long specially admitted students at Northern Illinois University persist, in which year of their education they are most likely to leave, and if the risk of leaving school is affected by personal and academic background characteristics. Specially admitted students are otherwise capable students, often from racial minorities or other underrepresented groups, whose pre-college preparation does not meet the institution's normal requirements. Before and after admission, these students are provided with a wide range of special counseling, tutoring, mentoring, and transition services. Subjects were a total of 1,639 specially admitted students admitted in 1986 through 1989. For these students data on gender, ethnicity, achievement sub-test and composite scores, high school rank, cumulative credit hours, grade point average, a-.ademic status for each semester, and graduation date were analyzed. Findings revealed that the highest risk period of leaving school happened in the second, third, and fourth semesters for both genders, for almost all four ethnic groups, and for groups differiug in college admissions test scores or high school rank. In addition, after the median survival time, the distribution of survival is stable but indicates a slightly decreasing trend for about four semesters. The risk rate then increases again in the very late semesters (such as the llth to 13th semesters). (Contains 7 tables, 6 figures and 10 references.) (JB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** * A Discrete-Thne Survival Analysis of the Education Path of Specially Admitted Students Tianqi Han & Tendaji W. Ganges Northern Illinois University Paper presented at the the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting San Francisco, California pE RMISSION TO RI PRODUCE THIS April, 1995 ()thee ol Educational besea,Ch and Improvement U DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


R CENTLY, AN International Congress of moral theology convened in Rome brought together some three hundred academicians. They participated in an open forum devoted to current questions in moral theology and bioethics. Held at the Lateran University, the Congress, "Humanae vita,e: 20 Anni Dopo," was divided into two parts. Although a majority of the presentations concerned the relevance of the Church's teaching on artificial contraception, the membership did devote the second part of the Congress to a sustained discussion of some new issues raised by Donum vitae (1987), the recent instruction of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on " Respect for Human Life in its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation." To be sure, both documents emphasize the Church's constant teaching concerning the providence of God in human life and the dignity of the human person. Nevertheless, procedures such as GIFT (gamete intra.-fallopian transfer), LTOT (low tubal ovum transfer), TOT (tubal ovum transfer) provide the moral theologian with new challenges to interpret the Church's position which insists on identifying the procrea.tive and unitive aspects of Christian marriage. The following article discusses the papal documents from the perspective of a realist moral theology. First of all, I would like to recall a principle which Paul VI, however obliquely, enunciated in the course of Humanae Vitae, for I consider the principle an axiomatic one in the present discussion. At the beginning of section 8 entitled "Pastoral


Connecting with the working practice, this paper probes into the construction of the literature and equipment in the audio-visual room and the functional continuation of the audio-visual room.


Inhibiting the synthesis of the carotenoid pigment of a strain of Staphylococcus aureus counters the virulence of the bacterium in vitro and in vivo.


To seek for effect of water and fertilizer coupling on celery,with 3 factors(N,P,W) and 5 levels(factors levels including-1.682,-1,0,1,1.682) of the secondary regression of orthogonal block design,artificial water control experiments in the shed of rain-free condition were conducted in semiarid cold region of northwest of Hebei to study effect of water and fertilizer coupling on nitrate content of celery.Results showed that irrigation quantity was the chiefly factor to affect nitrate content of celery,phosphorus quantity was the secondly factor,nitrogen quantity was the thirdly factor.Based on the public heath index,nitrate effect was the better in the condition of middle level water and fertilizer,but which was the lowest in low level water and low fertilizer,on which was between the two in high level water and high fertilizer.The effect order of interaction was phosphorus and water couplingnitrogen and water couplingnitrogen and phosphorus coupling.In the water and fertilizer management strategy,the value interval of the three factors was the same to the different nitrate content interval,which indicated the substituting effect among the factors.It was a mostly feasible condition to the middle level water and fertilizer from the public heath index.


It is not a new thing to find segmenting eggs in the ovaries of guinea pigs. Loeb (1912) described structures in the ovaries of guinea pigs which he said he thought were the result of parthenogenetic development. In 1923 he said, "A relatively far-going parthenogenetic development of eggs in the ovary of a guinea pig has been observed by us so far in thirty animals. It can therefore not be considered an exceptional occurrence." Again (in 1932) he described four cases and further stated that the number observed had increased to forty-five. In most cases these were of animals which had been used for experimental purposes. He had had some on starvation diet and others he had injected with one or another hormone. However, he described one case which occurred in one of his control animals. Courrier and Oberling (1923), Courrier (1923), Branca (1925), Lelievre, Peyron, and Corsy (1927) have observed structures similar to those which Loeb has observed, but in each case it was in pathological individuals. Squier (1932) said that Mrs. Lewis had found one egg dividing parthenogenetically among those which she was observing in tissue culture. In our combined work on the normal embryology of the guinea pig we have sacrificed over two hundred mothers. These mothers have been in various stages of pregnancy from seven days to almost term. Besides these we have killed a great many nonpregnant females. All of these animals had been kept under as favorable conditions as we could provide and the food was as nearly a normally balanced ration as we knew how to prepare. The food was the same as that which has been used in the genetic experiments carried on by Doctor Ibsen. In fact, the grain mixture already combined was obtained from Doctor Ibsen. We supplemented this with straw, alfalfa hay and either fresh alfalfa or sprouted oats. We preserved the ovaries of the greater number of these animals. In addition to these ovaries we have had the ovaries of a number of the guinea pigs which we have fed on a limited diet. Now we have been devoting some time to the examination of these ovaries. Up to the present time more than fifty of the ovaries from animals having normal food have been examined, and in every ovary, without exception, we have found eggs within Graafian follicles either in the polar body formation or in various stages of segmentation or both. The polar body formations are in almost all stages. Some are in a metaphase of the first polar spindle while others are clearly in the process of the second maturation. In these evident cases of second polar body formation the first polar body is seen attached to the egg. The segmenting eggs range from the two-celled stage to a wellformed morula. The maturation divisions are easily distinguished from the segmentation divisions. The maturation spindle is small and near the periphery of the egg, while the segmentation spindle, when present, is in the center of the cell. The length of the spindle is determined by the size of the cell. There is practically no rhythm in segmentation and the morula is composed of cells of various sizes. In a previous paper, Harman and Brill, 1933, we mentioned finding polar spindles in eggs of vitamin-C deficient animals. Our


DOI: 10.55920/JCRMHS.2023.05.001212 Clinical Image A 54-year-old woman with hypertension presented to the emergency department after syncope occurred during prolonged standing. On arrival, heart rate and blood pressure were normal. Admission electrocardiogram (Figure 1, A) showed sinus rhythm at 55 bpm, PR 200 ms, a wide QRS complex with morphology of complete right bundle branch block (width 180 ms), with small electrical potentials immediately after the QRS in all leads, more variegated in right precordial leads – findings suggestive of epsilon wave-, and a negative T wave in all precordial leads. A subsequent electrocardiogram (Figure 1, B) also revealed ventricular extrasystoles of two morphologies, with criteria of epicardial origin, and in which the low amplitude component at the end of the QRS was also appreciated. Echocardiography showed severe biventricular systolic dysfunction and right ventricular (RV) apical akinesia. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the findings and further revealed areas of RV dyskinesia and late gadolinium enhancement at the subepicardial level of both ventricles. Coronary angiography showed no coronary lesions. With the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was implanted for primary prevention.


HIV care and treatment programmes worldwide are transforming as they push to deliver universal access to essential prevention, care and treatment services to persons living with HIV and their communities. The characteristics and capacity of these HIV programmes affect patient outcomes and quality of care. Despite the importance of ensuring optimal outcomes, few studies have addressed the capacity of HIV programmes to deliver comprehensive care. We sought to describe such capacity in HIV programmes in seven regions worldwide.


This study evaluated the validity of some new methods to assess student's cognitive representations of classroom learning. In the context of a sophomore-junior level class in statistics and design, 40 students judged the relatedness of 30 of the important concepts in the domain. Network representations of the rating data were derived using the Pathfinder scaling algorithm. The similarity between each student's and the instructor's networks was then assessed using a set-theoretic measure C


The total reflection resonances that take place at the excitation of a two-slot resonant iris in rectangular waveguide, are discussed. Considering the iris as an open-resonator-waveguide structure, the pair of natural oscillations responsible for such resonances was numerically found and investigated. Some numerical results and experimental data for two-slot irises are presented. It is pointed out to a parallel between rejection resonances in two-slot irises and "locked"-mode resonances in multimode waveguide structures.


Evaluation of: Cui W, Joshi NS, Jiang A, Kaech SM. Effects of signal 3 during CD8 T cell priming: bystander production of IL-12 enhances effector T cell expansion but promotes terminal differentiation. Vaccine 27 (15), 2177–2187 (2009). An important question for vaccine development is how the adaptive immune system incorporates antigenic, costimulatory and inflammatory signals. Here, Cui et al. addressed the concept that antigenic and inflammatory signals were individually or cooperatively involved in effector CD8 T-cell expansion and differentiation by using a peptide-pulsed dendritic cell immunization system. The paper under evaluation introduced IL-12-enhanced effector CD8 T-cell expansion and differentiation to short-lived effector cells (SLECs). The authors also suggested that antigenic stimulation and inflammation needed to be coupled to induce SLEC formation, and that IL-12 produced by bystander cells played an important role in SLEC formation. IFN-γ could be required for optimal IL-12 production. Their data also showed that CpG-B adjuvant increased SLEC formation, but did not increase the potential of CD8 T cells to differentiate into memory cells. Data in the paper should be considered in research into the development of new adjuvants.


On the basis of job-burnout literatures, this paper introduces four kinds of burnout models: resources, match, social competence and existentialism perspectives. Then, it overviews the attribution of job burnout, concerning with the factors of personnel's career interest, their competency and social culture. Finally, it discusses the anticipation and applications of burnout theory.


This chapter reviews Hans Blumenberg's "'Imitation of Nature': Toward a Prehistory of the Idea of the Creative Being" (1957). In this work, Blumenberg traces the consequences of the changes in the concept of nature for technology and art through the historical reevaluation of the concept of mimesis. According to Aristotle, "human skill (technē) either completes what nature is incapable of completing or imitates nature." This dual definition is closely tied to the double meaning of the concept of "nature" as a productive principle (natura naturans) and produced form (natura naturata). It is easy to see, however, that the overlapping component lies in the element of "imitation." Nature and "art" are structurally identical: the immanent characteristics of one sphere can be transposed onto the other. This idea was then established as fact when tradition shortened the Aristotelian formulation to ars imitator naturam, as Aristotle himself had already expressed it.


The cost of nitrobenzene hydrogenation to p-aminophenol was much dependent on stability of the Pt/C catalyst.The experimental results showed that the catalyst could be repeatedly used for at least ten times under optimum reaction condition.Activity of the catalyst was partly recovered and could be used for four times after the first treatment by 60% HNO_3 for 3 h.N_2 adsorption,atomic absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM results indicated that the causes behind deactivation of the catalyst were that organic species covered the surface and resulted in loss of surface area and blocking-up of the pores,and hence loss of active sites.Loss of Pt and growth of Pt particles during hydrogenation process were also the causes behind the deactivation.


Here we focus on the impact characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum/tu-ngsten (PTFE/Al/W) reactive materials under various molding pressures. Reactive materials of the density of 3.0 g/cm3 were fabricated via pressing and sintering processes. Drop weight tests were carried out to study impact characteristics of the reactive materials. Experiment shows that, critical forming pressure and compaction pressure are approximately 5MPa and 100MPa, separately, and meanwhile, the sintering cycle could enhance the strength of the material pressed under the critical forming pressure. Furthermore, reactive materials show strain rate effect on impact characteristics, and the increase of mounding pressure attributes to the transition from inertness to sensitivity of the material. Within the molding pressure range of 15MPa, impact sensitivity of the material increases exceedingly, whereas, the impact sensitivity remains relatively stable when the molding pressure ranging from 15 MPa to 100 MPa. Phenomenologically, with the increase of the molding pressure, the drop impact induced initiation flame transits from weak and unsustainable to intense and continuous. From the point of initiation mechanism, low molding pressure introduced high porosity plays negative role against the formation and growth of the hot spots in the microstructure of the material, which was demonstrated by the experiments. The conclusion drawn from this research reveals that a well pressed condition would be beneficial for increasing the impact sensitivities of low density reactive materials.


This paper presents an approach in utilizing advanced technology for the optical sidewall, and dimensional inspection of glass containers. Described are techniques for implementing solid state optics, advanced lensing and micro processor control to obtain a high degree of on line inspection in the glass container factory.


In this article firstly the basic concepts of finite status machine (FSM) are introduced briefly. Then the idea that FSM could be used to design program or program module of certain types of microcontroller is put forward, followed by the comparison between the conventional method and the new method. At last, the merits and demerits in the application of FSM are presented.


Heavy ion beams possess high linear energy transfer components and a prominent Bragg peak in the human body, resulting in higher relative biological effectiveness and improved dose distribution. To establish heavy ion therapy techniques for the treatment of prostate cancer, phase I/II clinical trials were initiated.


For the energy management problems for demand response in electricity grid, a simulated annealing based fuzzy Markov game consumer energy management controller (CEMC) is proposed. Because of the uncertainties and highly time-varying, it is not easy to accurately obtain the complete information for the consumer behavior in electricity grid. In this case, the fuzzy Markov game offers a promising platform for robust control in the presence of the bounded external disturbances. The energy usage uncontrollable is considered as a disturber. The fuzzy inference and simulated annealing are introduced in order to facilitate generalization in large state space and balance exploration and exploitation in action selection in Q-learning individually. Simulation results show that the proposed controller can learn to take the best action to regulate consumer behavior with the features of lower end-user financial costs and higher consumer satisfaction.


The article offers information related to issuance of Resolution 007-2014 (Resolution 007), which will enter into force on January 1, 2015, by the Panamanian Superintendence of Banks to safeguard the financial system of Panama from extraneous risk. It is noted that Resolution 007 extends regulatory oversight to all entities of a single corporate group by providing corporate governance guidelines and forming an internal audit committee to revise auditing practices of the group.


This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Panaccio, M., Ferrari, C., Bassano, B., Stanley, C.R. & von Hardenberg, A. (2021). Social Network Analysis of small social groups: application of a hurdle GLMM approach in the Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota). Ethology, which has been published in final form at [Link to final article using the DOI]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving


Nozzle member 12, the cap member 18, a nozzle assembly 10 which includes a spinner 14 and the vial 16,. The cap member 18 is attached to rotating the nozzle member 12, it is possible to rotate the "OFF position" to the "bubble position", by continuously rotating the cap member 18 is made to "spray position" and then it becomes the second "bubble position", then in the "off position". Rotation of the cap member 18, the former tube (16) from the retracted position, is driven to the extended position extending in front of the nozzle member 12 when the cap member 18 is in the "bubble position". Spinner 14 rotates the liquid flowing nozzle assembly 10 so as to atomize.


Background: Soil physical properties have not been widely discussed as the main factor of evapotranspiration. This study aimed to see the relationship between land and soil physical factors on the evapotranspiration rate that occured at each slope position. Methods: Sampling and measurements were carried out on three slope zones in a landscape, i.e. the upper slope (erosion zone), the middle slope (transition zone) and the lower slope (deposition zone). The soil sampling was carried out to analyze the soil physical properties. The evapotranspiration rate was measured using a modified chamber in two measurement periods. It was carried out throughout the day since the sun started shining the land until sunset or until the sunlight were blocked by rain clouds. Result: The average daily evapotranspiration rate was 0.17 mm hr-1 with the lowest value was 0.02 mm hr-1 and the highest 0.62 mm hr-1. Slope position and slope arrangement were the key factors influencing other controlling factors for the rate of evapotranspiration, including vegetation and soil physical properties.


This research in associational research model aims to determine the relation between the organizational culture prevailing in secondary educational institutions and alienation. Research population was composed of 525 teachers employed in 20 secondary high schools in the central district of Siirt in 2015-2016 academic year. Due to the low number of teachers, sampling was not made. "Organizational Culture Scale" developed by Terzi (2005) and "Work Alienation Scale" developed by Elma (2003) were utilized. Descriptive statistical techniques, Correlation Analysis and Path analysis were performed in the research. Results revealed a negative and medium level relation between the organizational culture and alienation. Results also showed that dimensions of organizational culture do not predict alienation to school dimension. Furthermore, it was identified that support culture was not a significant predictor of alienation. Based on the results of the research, school administrators were suggested to incorporate team work into their work, avoid extremely normative practices, and assure an atmosphere enabling teachers to take initiatives.


To examine which subgroups of DSM‐IV bipolar disorder (BD) [BD type I (BD‐I) or BD type II (BD‐II), and subgroups based on history of psychosis, presenting polarity, and age at onset] differentiate best regarding neurocognitive measures.


Data analysis method that will be used is Stuctural Equation Modeling analysis. In this study data analysis using PLS approach. PLS is a model of SEM equations based on components or variants. Population in this research is all employees of Agency Personnel, Education and Training Area of Samarinda City.
The results showed that; Leadership gives a negative influence on motivation, leadership does not have a significant effect on motivation, Leadership gives a positive influence on performance, leadership gives no significant effect on performance, organizational commitment has a positive influence on motivation, organizational commitment does not have a significant effect on motivation, organizational commitment has a negative influence on performance, organizational commitment does not have a significant effect on performance, work ability has a positive influence on motivation, work ability provides significant influence on motivation, work ability gives a positive influence on performance, work ability provides insignificant influence on performance, motivation has a positive influence on performance, motivation has a significant influence on the performance.


In this paper, circuit benchmark of negative capacitance FinFET (NC-FinFET) are conducted using the in-house TCAD based on 7-nm and 14-nm FinFET technologies with high-κ dielectric replaced by ferroelectric material. The compact model is calibrated accordingly for circuit simulations. Compared with reference FinFET, NC-FinFET enables IOFF reduction and DIBL/SS/ION enhancements. The results of ring oscillator (RO) analysis using the calibrated compact model suggest that 1) the ferroelectric (FE) dipole switching dynamics has negligible impact on the RO delay with the reported FE parameters, and 2) the NC-FinFET-based RO enables energy saving via VDD scaling at a fixed propagation delay. Finally, the impact of FE variability on transistor and circuit metrics is analyzed and found to be insignificant compared to other FinFET variation sources


ABSTRACT

Acne is a major problem for teenagers, especially at puberty. Guava leaves (Psidium guajava Linn .) are
plants that contain several secondary metabolites, including the tannins, triterpenoids, glycosides, and
flavonoids, which have anti-acne activity. So far, acne reduction is still being done using synthetic cosmetics.
However, synthetic cosmetics often irritate, so that herbal cosmetics are an alternative. Formulation of
herbal cosmetics for acne need to do. This study aims to determine the best formula for anti-acne cleanser
emulgel from the ethanol extract of guava leaves based on the physical evaluation. Guava leaf extract as
obtained by the maceration method uses ethanol as a solvent, then an emulgel was prepared with an extract
concentration of F1 (5%) and F2 (10%). Emulgel characteristics were determined by physical evaluation
including organoleptic, pH, emulsion type, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, foam stability, power clean,
and hedonism. The best formula was determined by the number of tests that meet the requirements and are
liked by consumers. The results had shown F1 is the best formula based on physical evaluation.

Keywords: Acne, emulgel, guava leaves, physical evaluation


In order to reveal the reactivity of a functional group in an aromatic compound having two substituents in the aromatic ring, the hydrogen-isotope exchange reaction (T-H exchange reaction) between tritiated water vapor (HTO vapor) and 4-amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (and 5-amino-2-methylphenol) were dynamically observed at 50℃ (and 70℃) in a gas-solid system. Consequently, the fact that the specific activity of the acid increased with time was obtained, and the T-for-H exchange reaction occurred. By applying the A "-McKay plot method to the data observed, the rate constant of each functional group for the reaction was obtained. After the additive property of the Hammett's rule was applied to this work, the new substituent constants were obtained. From the above-mentioned,the following four items have been confirmed: (1) the reactivity of the functional groups can be dynamically analyzed,and the A"-McKay plot method is useful to analyze the reactivity; (2) the additive property of the Hammett's rule is applicable to quantitative comparison of the reactivity of the functional groups; (3) the reactivity of the functional groups can be simultaneously analyzed by using the A"-McKay plot method in the T-H exchange reaction; and (4) the method used in this work is also useful for analyzing the reactivity of a certain material having some kinds of functional groups.


This paper presents an architecture for the positioning and estimation systems required to position and guide a human diver along a desired path underwater. The overall system incorporates devices carried by the diver and a group of autonomous marine robotic vehicles located at the sea surface. To accomplish the system's goal, it is necessary to determine the diver's position and provide in real time the directions that the diver should follow. To achieve this, the diver's estimated position is calculated based on the transmission time elapsed during the message exchange between the vehicles and the diver. Trilateration and Kalman Filter techniques are used to estimate the diver's position. Furthermore, the location algorithms are prepared to handle some message losses to make the system robust to communication failures and delays. A simulator was created using Matlab and Simulink to evaluate the cooperative vehicle navigation and motion control algorithms on several realistic scenarios.


How does culture configure the self? How do the universals of the psychoanalytic paradigm interface with culture-specific patterns of child rearing and socialisation? What is the nature of the psychoanalyst–client relationship when the participants come from different cultures? Drawing upon four decades of his own clinical, supervisory, didactic, and interpersonal experiences with Asians and Asian Americans, Alan Roland presents a multi-dimensional overview of psychoanalysis dwelling on its historical development, conceptual roots, and therapeutic underpinnings with specific reference to recent transformations in its theory and practice in a globalised world. Summing up the aim of this work, the author states:


In this article we describe our studies of the sigma meson, f_0(500), using two-pion correlation functions. We use lattice quantum chromodynamics in the quenched approximation with so-called clover fermions. By working at unphysical pion masses we are able to identify a would-be resonance with mass less than $2 m_\pi$, and then extrapolate to the physical point. We include the most important annihilation diagram, which is "partially disconnnected" or "single annihilation." Because this diagram is quite expensive to compute, we introduce a somewhat novel technique for the computation of all-to-all diagrams, based on momentum sources and a truncation in momentum space. In practice, we use only ${\bf p}=0$ modes, so the method reduces to wall sources. At the point where the mass of the pion takes its physical value, we find a resonance in the $0^{++}$ two-pion channel with a mass of approximately $609 \pm 80$ MeV, consistent with the expected properties of the sigma meson, given the approximations we are making.


s: 11th World Congress, Osaka, Japan S69 important it is to do, who will perform that task, which resources I can use in completing this task, and what I shall do next? The success of action is dependent on just these decisions. Very often, the situation is difficult, and there is an obvious discrepancy between resources and needs. These decisive decisions are based on knowledge, observations, actual circumstances, and strength of will. These features of an individual leader of action are expected without organising the corresponding training or education to reach this level of preparedness. The strength of mind to make decisions in priority order and use of resources in a critical situation can not be reached during theoretical lectures or reading from books. One must get interactive training in real or simulated emergency situations. To get wide experience in decisionmaking in real emergency situations is a dangerous way of learning for the casualties of these accidents. For example, wrong decisions concerning the priority order for treatment of the victims can result in an unnecessary loss of someone's life. It is much better to learn in simulated, interactive situations, where you will have much safer chance to learn by trials and errors. I have collected my reportable experience in this particular issue from numerous training sessions with medical students using an interactive computer program for accident tactics (TRIAGE). This simple DOS-based program provides the trainee with a simulated accident scene and the task to take care of casualties. The trainee acts as a leader of the group, and has the obligation to make all decisions on the use of emergency care resources and equipment. The decisions include all of the features of the real situation, what to do, in which order the task is completed, who will perform the task and how the resources are utilised? All the decisions are collected in computer memory for final scoring and analysis. There is a progression of difficulty degree in the relation of resources and needs. There is an obvious difference between persons in the preparedness to make sharp decisions in similar situations. Some persons have an inborn ability to act logically and according to the overall situation. They do not loose their limited resources or time in unnecessary tasks, but have a firm touch to concentrate only in the most important obligations. There also are those students who seems to be too weak to make decisions on priority order, but work with non-essential and non-urgent tasks forgetting to move forward. I assume that these trainees with a weak personality could learn to make sharper decisions with a continuous interactive training of tactics. The utilisation of the feedback is important in this aspect. The features of this computer simulation software will become more and more advanced in order to create more natural simulated situations.


As new kinds of internet-based computing continually emerge, new requirements give rise to the new paradigm, Internetware, which carries properties of being autonomous, cooperative, situational, evolvable, emergent and trustworthy. How to facilitate and support these properties needs further discussions. It is suspected that this will need knowledge from different disciplines and we set out to study this and report our result here. Firstly, all possible disciplines that may be able to support the afore mentioned properties of Internetware will be examined. Then, they will be narrowed down to a number of disciplines in which knowledge can be cross-fertilised to support the development of the Internetware. Finally, how to integrated knowledge from different disciplines together inter-disciplinarily will be studied.


Studies were conducted to investigate the possible use of raw Magadi soda (RMS), a sodium sesquicarbonate salt (Na2CO3NaHCO3. H2O) in the detoxification of the tannins associated with high- and low-tannin sorghum grains and to establish the relative in-vitro nutritive value of the treated grains. Treatment of grains with concentrations as low as 4 g litre−1 of RMS for 3 days, reduced the level of the assayable tannins in the grains by 40 to 57%. This reduction was accompanied with an increase in the in-vitro digestibility of the organic matter and starch. Treatment of the hightannin sorghums increased the in-vitro protein digestibility while no increase was observed for the low-tannin sorghums. Use of solutions containing more than 37.5 and 9 g RMS litre −1, resulted in reduced protein digestibility of the high- and lowtannin containing sorghums, respectively.


Local bonesetters are part of the health system in many developing countries. Their acceptability is beyond the boundaries of social classes and religious educations and beliefs. The objective of this research is to evaluate the causes of people admission to local bonesetters and the complications of local bonesetters' interventions in orthopedic patients and to follow-up the outcome of their treatment. In a prospective study with follow-up, patients' demographic information, complications of bonesetters' interventions, the reason for patients' admission to these individuals, the cost spent in this process and the delayed time for admission of these people to medical specialized services were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software. In this research, a total of 61 patients were examined, which 28 (45.9%) of the patients stated that they would admit to bonesetter in the case of re-fracture. The main reason to admit to bonesetter among the patients was low cost of admission to bonesetter in 20 cases (32.8%), belief in better treatment by bonesetter in12 cases (19.7%), lack of trust in medical system in 7 cases (11.5%), recommendation of acquaintances and friends in 13 cases (21.3%), and short period of treatment by bonesetter in 9 cases (14.8%). This rate of admission to local bonesetter is directly correlated to the socioeconomic level of patients. Specialized orthopedic remedial measures following local bonesetters' interventions sometimes lead to failure and lack of recovery.


This article reconfigures the history of artificial intelligence (AI) and its accompanying tradition of criticism by excavating the work of Mortimer Taube, a pioneer in information and library sciences, whose magnum opus, Computers and Common Sense: The Myth of Thinking Machines (1961), has been mostly forgotten. To convey the essence of his distinctive critique, the article focuses on Taube's attack on the general problem solver (GPS), the second major AI program. After examining his analysis of the social construction of this and other "thinking machines," it concludes that, despite technical changes in AI, much of Taube's criticism remains relevant today. Moreover, his status as an "information processing" insider who criticized AI on behalf of the public good challenges the boundaries and focus of most critiques of AI from the past half-century. In sum, Taube's work offers an alternative model from which contemporary AI workers and critics can learn much.


The thermal decomposition mechanism of RDX and HMX were in brief reviewed.The competing reactions of N-N and C-N bonds splitting occurred in initial stage of RDX and HMX decomposition are affected by the experimental conditions and sample phase state.The main gas products of decomposition were identified by DSC-FTIR coupling technique.The changes of the main function groups in condensed phase were measured by a in situ thermolysis cell/FTIR technique.The main gas products of RDX and HMX decomposition consist of N_2O,CH_2O,CO,CO_2,H_2O and HCN.The double peaks appear on the curves of temperature dependence of IR absorbance of CH_2O and H_2O for RDX.The two different rates of IR absorption intensities occur on temperature dependence of 1589cm~(-1)and 1278cm~(-1)bands attributed to-NNO_2 for RDX.On the basis of view point for the competing reactions,the results of thermal analyses and product analyses for RDX and HMX decompositions are explained.


Beginner guide to resources available at AUP Library on Gender Studies This is a beginner guide to researching material for Gender Studies. Please ask librarians if you do not find what you need.


The purpose of the present study was to estimate absolute concentrations and relaxation time constants of metabolites that were detectable with proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in the healthy preterm, term, and infant brain. Five MR spectra were recorded for each infant by using STEAM (stimulated‐echo acquisition mode) sequences with different TEs and TRs. Water was used as an internal standard. The T1 of choline‐containing compounds (Cho) and the T1 of phosphocreatine plus creatine (PCr+Cr) decreased. The T2 of the N‐acetyl‐L‐aspartate (NAA) resonance increased, probably because of a relatively larger signal overlap with glutamate in the most immature brains. The concentration of NAA almost doubled, whereas the Cho concentration showed only a nonsignificant tendency to decrease; therefore, the well‐known increase in the ratio of NAA to Cho appears to be due mostly to an increase in NAA concentration. The concentration of PCr+Cr increased rapidly and reached adolescent values at approximately 4 months of age.


This study focuses on the controversial issues related to one of the directives of the judicial assessment of punishment, i.e., the directive of the degreeof guilt. The limiting approach to guilt has raised some objections in literature (Article 53 § 1 of the Polish Penal Code in principio). In addition, the lack of statutory determinants which influence the assessment of the degree of guilt was no less controversial. Given the above issues, the article aims to: 1) determine whether the normative requirement that the sentence severity cannot exceed the degree of guilt and the imposition of a sentence which isproportional to the guilt are mutually exclusive, as well as to 2) verify the problematic nature of the lack of identification of factors determining the assessment of the degree of guilt. Based on the carried out analyses, it wasconcluded that reducing the role of guilt to limiting the level of punishment does not per se mean imposing on the perpetrator a punishment which is disproportional to the degree of guilt. Within the framework of the present analyses, it was attempted to prove that it would be particularly postulated to indicate a catalogue of circumstances which would act as quantifiers, enabling the gradation of guilt.


Nearly half a century has passed since the initial indications that stellar rotation slows while chromospheric activity weakens with a power-law dependence on age, the so-called Skumanich relations. Subsequent characterization of the mass-dependence of this behavior up to the age of the Sun led to the advent of gyrochronology, which uses the rotation rate of a star to infer its age from an empirical calibration. The efficacy of the method relies on predictable angular momentum loss from a stellar wind entrained in the large-scale magnetic field produced by global dynamo action. Recent observational evidence suggests that the global dynamo begins to shut down near the middle of a star's main-sequence lifetime, leading to a disruption in the production of large-scale magnetic field, a dramatic reduction in angular momentum loss, and a breakdown of gyrochronology relations. For solar-type stars this transition appears to occur near the age of the Sun, when rotation becomes too slow to imprint Coriolis forces on the global convective patterns, reducing the shear induced by differential rotation, and disrupting the large-scale dynamo. We use data from Barnes to reveal the signature of this transition in the observations that were originally used to validate gyrochronology. We propose that chromospheric activity may ultimately provide a more reliable age indicator for older stars, and we suggest that asteroseismology can be used to help calibrate activity–age relations for field stars beyond the middle of their main-sequence lifetimes.


Knowledge regarding genome size allows us to infer relationships between taxa, address questions related to systematics and contribute to biodiversity studies. However, currently, less than 3% of the described Pteridophyta species have genome size estimates reported in databases, and only around one third of these are tropical species, although the tropics are home of 86% of fern diversity. The region of Timor-Leste, included in one of the 25 hotspots of biodiversity, is considered one of the richest areas of the world in terms of pteridophyte species. Nonetheless, biodiversity-driven research focused on this territory's biodiversity is scarce. This study presents novel 2C-values for 15 species of ferns collected in Timor-Leste, using flow cytometry. Furthermore, one species of the lycophyte Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Vasc. & Franco, was also studied and its estimated genome size compared to a previous report. Estimates ranged from 10.45 pg in Selliguea feei Bory to 29.7 pg in Microsorum punctatum (L.) Copel, and are considered medium-size genomes. The data was compared with previous reports for closely related species. These are the first 2C-values for two families and seven genera of ferns, increasing the number of pteridophytes with reported C-values from 292 to 307.


The results of development of the automated system providing uninterrupted water supply of consumers are given. The shortcomings of the existing water supply system using a submersible pump and a water tower are shown. A promising version of the water supply system using a controlled electric drive based on the frequency converter is proposed, its advantages and disadvantages are shown. It is shown that the efficiency and reliability of the electric drive of submersible pumps of water supply systems is increased by the use of a frequency-controlled electric drive with automatic redundancy and the use of an autonomous source of electric energy. The proposed system is used as the main source of power supply - frequency converter, as a backup - contactless thyristor starter, powered by mains voltage, and diesel generator. The options of the system operation when powered from the main and backup power supply are described. The block diagram and description of the algorithm of the automated water supply system are given.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of improved experimental left varicocele (ELV) on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin B (InhB).

METHODS
ELV models were established by the improved method in 30 SD rats, and another 30 were included in a sham operation group as controls. Three months after the operation, the concentrations of the FSH and InhB were assayed by ELISA.

RESULTS
The concentration of FSH in the serum was significantly higher in the experimental group ([37.56 +/- 9.72] ng/ml) than in the control ([26.69 +/- 5.33] ng/ml) (P < 0.05), while that of InhB significantly lower in the former ([349.93 +/- 99.48] pg/ml) than in the latter ([768. 83 +/- 146.96] pg/ml) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Improved ELV can increase FSH and reduce InhB in rats, which may be associated with subfertility.


Analysis of metagenomic samples is aimed at extracting relevant information on these samples, including their composition and origin. To determine where a sample comes from, it is commonly compared with a set of reference samples extracted from known locations. However, if such reference samples are unavailable or when the origins of the investigated samples are not covered by the reference set, it may be helpful to identify groups of similar samples that may have a common origin. In this paper, we tackle this problem with hierarchical clustering applied to analyse a matrix of mutual similarities obtained using the Mash and our CoMeta programs. We report initial, yet encouraging results of our experimental study performed for the metagenomic data extracted from two large metropolises, downloaded from the Sequence Read Archive repository. The obtained results indicate that the proposed approach is effective, which justifies further exploration of the topic using more extensive data.


A PMW inverter with reduced dc-link capacitor has a problem that the dc-link voltage is less stable compared to the conventional inverter because of the lack of energy storage capability. The proposed dc-link voltage stabilization algorithm using active damping gives a solution to this problem. To achieve load/source independent stabilization, the source state estimator which estimates both source voltage and current is also proposed. The proposed methods are evaluated by experimental results. While the inverter with a small DC link capacitor tripped due to dc-link overvoltage fault at step load change, the fluctuation of dc-link voltage of the inverter is suppressed under the tolerance range with the proposed method at the same step load change.


A common degradation pathway for protein-based drugs is the growth of protein aggregates or particles. Counting and characterization of these particles is needed to assure the quality, efficacy, and safety of this type of drug. The unusual physical attributes of protein particles lead to difficulties in obtaining accurate particle counts with traditional calibration standards and methods. We describe the development of instrument-response models, novel instrumentation, and novel reference materials to address this metrology issue.


. The practice of artificial incubation of eggs of the mouth brooding cichlid genus Oreochromis has considerable advantages over maternal incubation. However, problems arise in providing the eggs with conditions which simulate the buccal environment during incubation. Investigations into the causes of mortality of O. mossambicus (Peters) eggs under artificial incubation were carried out using scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical injury to the chorionic membrane, potentially pathogenic bacterial action and secondary fungal attack form a series of consequent events occurring on the O. mossambicus eggs under artificial incubation. These events appear to make a considerable contribution towards the mortality of developing eggs. The findings of the study are relevant to the types of treatments used to improve egg survival in hatchery systems.


A new metallomesogen (MOM) was prepared aiming to the realization of liquid crystalline materials. A traditional Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) has been considered as a reference point in order to compare it with an other one obtained with the inclusion of MOM. We analyzed the thermo- and electro-optical properties of the reference PDLC and of MOM based PDLC. We focused our attention on the light transmittivity when an electric field is applied to the sample and evaluated the contrast ratio of both materials. Furthermore, a detailed morphological analysis is performed to better understand their behavior. A comparison between the PDLC with and without MOM is presented. Our experimental results demonstrated the possibility to use MOM in order to improve the transmittivity characteristic as a function of an electric field for application such as displays or windows.


Based on the feature of microbe metabolism electrochemistry mechanism,a electrochemical method for detecting germ number online is proposed.A bio-electrochemistry sensor and online detecting equipment are designed.The experiment results prove the feasibility of this detecting method.It has more convenience on operation,fast measurement speed and timely detection compared with traditional detecting method.It only takes 10 min to determine germ number a time by the biosensor,but it may expend 24 h by traditional operation(plate cultivating germs).


Tissue harmonic imaging (THI) is an invaluable tool in clinical ultrasound due to its enhanced contrast resolution and reduced reverberation clutter in comparison with fundamental mode imaging. However, harmonic content separation based on high-pass filtering suffers from potential contrast degradation or lower axial resolution due to spectral leakage, whereas nonlinear multipulse harmonic imaging schemes, such as amplitude modulation and pulse inversion, suffer from a reduced frame rate and comparatively higher motion artifacts due to the necessity of at least two pulse echo acquisitions. To address this problem, we propose a deep-learning-based single-shot harmonic imaging technique capable of generating comparable image quality to pulse amplitude modulation methods, yet at a higher frame rate and with fewer motion artifacts. Specifically, an asymmetric convolutional encoder–decoder structure is designed to estimate the combination of the echoes resulting from the half-amplitude transmissions using the echo produced from the full amplitude transmission as input. The echoes were acquired with the checkerboard amplitude modulation technique for training. The model was evaluated across various targets and samples to illustrate generalizability as well as the possibility and impact of transfer learning. Furthermore, for possible interpretability of the network, we investigate if the latent space of the encoder holds information on the nonlinearity parameter of the medium. We demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to generate harmonic images with a single firing that are comparable to those from a multipulse acquisition.


BACKGROUND In patients with mild or asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism a reliable index of bone resorption might be useful for appropriate management. Hydroxyproline is the most commonly used marker of bone resorption but its low specificity and sensitivity are known. Galactosylhydroxylysine, an aminoacid mainly represented in bone collagen, has been proposed as a more suitable index of bone resorption. In this study we evaluated the sensitivity of galactosylhydroxylysine and hydroxyproline assays in following the changes of their urinary levels in 12 patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism before and after treatment with bisphosphonate and surgery.


PCT No. PCT/US92/10698 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 15, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 15, 1994 PCT Filed Dec. 16, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/12107 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 24, 1993Disclosed is a compound of Formula 1.0: (1.0) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and an effective amount of a Compound of Formula 1.0. Further disclosed is a method of treating allergy (for example asthma), inflammation, hypertension, raised intraocular pressure (such as glaucoma)-i.e., a method of lowering intraocular pressure, sleeping disorders, states of hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, hypo and hyperactivity of the central nervous system (for example, agitation and depression) and other CNS disorders (such as Alzheimers, Schizophrenia, and migraine) comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula 1.0 to a patient in need of such treatment.


Single-member plurality is often thought to facilitate a two-party system of alternating single-party majority government. However, no party secured an overall majority in the 2010 UK election, which was followed by the formation of the first peacetime coalition government since the 1930s. This article assesses whether this outcome was a one-off occurrence or was symptomatic of longer term changes in voting patterns in the UK that have reduced the likelihood of singe party majorities. To do so it charts trends in the level of third party support and representation, the incidence of marginal seats, and bias in the treatment of the two largest parties.


As dispersants of coal water slurry (CWS), two kinds of amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized by grafting of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) with 1-naphthylamine-6-sulfonic acid alone (SMANS) or together with methoxypolyethlene glycol (SMANP), and characterized by 1H NMR and GPC. Their effects on the rheological behaviors and stability of CWS were investigated. The Cross model was employed to quantitatively describe the rheological behavior of CWS. It was found that amphiphilic copolymer dispersants remarkably reduced the viscosity and improved the stabilization of CWS. The electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance generated by the copolymer dispersants are believed to play an important role. With the presence of sulfonate groups, both kinds of copolymer dispersants can provide electrostatic repulsion among coal particles after adsorption. For SMANP, the polyethlene glycol (PEG) pendants offer additional steric hindrance to further stabilize the CWS. On the basis of these results, the mechanism of ...


In the recent 50 years, the exploitation of mineral products and water resources in XinJiang has developed greatly, which contributes a lot to the development of economy and society in the region. However, the ecological environment problems caused by it have already aroused great attention. It is also an urgent mission for the researcher to solve the problems of harmonizing the relation between the exploitation of resources and the sustainable development of ecological environment. Xinjiang, which lies in the middle of Eurasia, is one of the aridest areas in China, its ecological environment is vulnerable. For a long time, the irrational exploitation of oil and gas resources, solid mineral products resources (such as coal resources, nonmetallic metal and precious metal resources) and water resources has already brought about serious ecological environment problems.


The writing center at the University of Lisbon adopts a widely implemented tutoring model—a non-directive approach, focusing on content and organization (higher-order concerns), and grammar and vocabulary (lower-order concerns). This study aims to challenge this model from an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) perspective by reporting and analyzing the results of a qualitative survey of 6 tutors regarding their work at the center. Results show that although all tutors comply with the imported tutoring model, most report difficulties in implementing one or both of its central principles. Therefore, EFL writing centers should harbor a flexible methodology wherein addressed concerns are context-dependent and constantly renegotiated during writing sessions, which could have pedagogical implications in the EFL classroom.


In 2013, the startling discovery of a pair of rings around the Centaur 10199 Chariklo opened up a new subfield of astronomy - the study of ringed small bodies. Since that discovery, a ring has been discovered around the dwarf planet 136108 Haumea, and a re-examination of star occultation data for the Centaur 2060 Chiron showed it could have a ring structure of its own.

The reason why the discovery of rings around Chariklo or Chiron is rather shocking is because Centaurs frequently suffer close encounters with the giant planets in the Centaur region, and these close encounters can not only fatally destroy any rings around a Centaur but can also destroy the small body itself.

In this research, we determine the likelihood that any rings around Chariklo or Chiron could have formed before the body entered the Centaur region and survived up to the present day by avoiding ring-destroying close encounters with the giant planets. And in accordance with that, develop and then improve a scale to measure the severity of a close encounter between a ringed small body and a planet.

We determine the severity of a close encounter by finding the minimum distance obtained between the small body and the planet during the encounter, dmin, and comparing it to the critical distances of the Roche limit, tidal disruption distance, the Hill radius and 'ring limit'. The values of these critical distances comprise our close encounter severity scale.

The ring limit is defined as the close encounter distance between a planet and a ringed small body in a hyperbolic or parabolic orbit about the planet for which the effect on the ring is just noticeable in the three-body planar problem. The effect is considered just noticeable if the close encounter changes the orbital eccentricity of the orbit of any ring particle by 0.01. In the first version of our scale, the ring limit is set equal to a constant value of 10 tidal disruption distances for each planet, and the effect of the velocity at infinity, v1, of the orbit of the small body about the planet is ignored.

The method of backwards numerical integration of clones is used to determine the time intervals from now backwards in time within which Chariklo and Chiron have been injected into the Centaur region. The results show that Chariklo likely entered the Centaur region during the last 20 Myr and Chiron within the last 8.5 Myr from somewhere in the Trans-Neptunian region. We record dmin for all close encounters between each clone and each giant planet during these time intervals and use the severity scale to determine the likelihood that the close encounters could have destroyed any rings around each body during its time interval.

From this, it is seen that ring-destroying close encounters are so extremely rare that it is statistically likely that each body's rings could have originated outside the Centaur region assuming that the effects of viscous dispersion are negated by other stabilizing factors such as shepherd satellites and self-gravitating rings.

Furthermore, the results demonstrate that both Chariklo and Chiron have chaotic orbits but Chariklo's orbit exhibits a degree of stable chaos that Chiron's does not. Their half-lifes are 3 Myr and 0.7 Myr respectively.

The accuracy of our close encounter severity scale is improved by finding the ring limits for simulated close encounters between hypothetical one-ringed small bodies and planets in the 3-body planar problem. The effects of planet mass, small body mass, v1, and ring orbital radius are fully accounted for. When velocity effects are taken into account, we discover that the ring limit forms a curve in dmin - v1 space, the ring limit has a lower bound of approximately 1.8 tidal disruption distances regardless of the small body mass or ring orbital radius, and that the ring limit equals this lower bound for parabolic orbits only.

Our data is then used to find an analytical solution for a ring limit upper bound curve for Chariklo-planet encounters. We present three different methods for using this curve. To test our results, The ring limits found from all three methods are compared to 27 previously published dmin values for Charikloplanet encounters in the seven-body non-planar problem.

Only one dmin value is found to be greater than the ring limit and that all ring limits are within 4.4 tidal disruption distances for each planet. We conclude
that these values are more accurate than the crude value of 10 tidal disruption distances used in the first version of our close encounter severity scale.

Future work is discussed and may include simulations of Chariklo, Chiron or Haumea in which the ring particles and possibly satellites are included.

This work is partitioned as follows: Chapter One introduces the topic and states the research questions; Chapters Two, Three and Four are the three papers either published or submitted for publication; and Chapter Five summarizes
the overall conclusions.


Drawing on his experience as an action research practitioner, the author reflects on the accomplishments, challenges and tensions which are embedded in the Bangladesh case study "From 'having the will' to 'knowing the way'". In particular, this piece applauds the case study authors for demonstrating how to create clear linkages between evaluation, learning and iterative program design. This piece also explores the different ways the authors respond to unexpected outcomes of the project, specifically increases in social capital for participants and changes in gender dynamics in a small rural community.


Kiluli Swamp is an extensive valley swamp near the lower limit of the montane forest on the eastern slopes of Mount Kenya, East Africa. The swamp is fed by a small spring on the northeastern margin, and the water table lies a few centimetres below the surface. The swamp's sediments modify water chemistry: the Na-Mg-HCO 3 water-type at the input changes to a Ca- Mg-HCO 3 water-type in the central parts of the swamp. A short sediment core (2.12m) was retrieved from the central part of the swamp using a modified Livingstone piston corer. The sediments were mainly composed of silty organic mud, silty clay and coarse silt. Three radiocarbon dates were obtained. A suite of sedimentological analyses was carried out in order to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental history of the area, and these included: mineral magnetic characteristics (susceptibility, IRM etc.); total organic carbon (TOC); total nitrogen (TN), and stable carbon isotopes. The sediment record stretches from about 4,000 yr BP (before present) to present. Indications are that the valley was initially dry and the catchment vegetation was characterised by dominant C 4 -type grassland. The initiation of true swamp conditions occurred at ca.470 yr BP immediately following a phase of deep ponding and high diatom productivity within the swamp between 600 and 470 yr BP. A high incidence of charcoal from 470 to 0 yr BP probably marks the period of persistent anthropogenic activities within the catchment. There is a change in vegetation type from a predominantly C 4 -type to predominantly C 3 -type at about 130 yr BP that is attributed to crop cultivation within the swamp rather than due to climate change, since the arid phase which marks this zone would have, under natural conditions, abetted the continued dominance of C 4 plants which are more drought-resistant than C 3 plants. The changes observed are broadly synchronous with other palaeoenvironmental records from Mount Kenya and the surrounding region. African Journal of Science and Technology Vol.4(2) 2003: 12-23


Behavior change communication (BCC) uses the results of epidemiological and social science research to guide the design of creative interventions which call upon the talents of artists, writers, actors, producers, counselors, and other communicators. These interventions are the product of considerable US Agency for International Development experience with development communication. The AIDS Control and Prevention (AIDSCAP) Project uses the term BCC to emphasize the difference between simply providing information and giving people the knowledge, skills, encouragement, and support they need to reduce the risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV and living healthy. BCC activities for HIV/AIDS prevention use multiple channels to transmit and reinforce messages which address the needs of well-defined target audiences. They also provide people with the skills and tools required to prevent HIV and create a supportive social environment which helps people adopt and maintain safer sex behavior. BCC is an integral component of all strategies which comprise AIDSCAP's comprehensive approach to HIV/AIDS prevention.


Anemia in pregnant women is a health problem that is often the case, the level of knowledge about anemia is low making it difficult to avoid the incidence of anemia. Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in sub-district Puskesmas Tapos in 2015 amounted to 20.73%. This study aims to determine the effect of nutrition education on the level of knowledge of anemia in pregnant women. The design of the study is a pre-experimental one group pretest posttest. After analysis, it can be seen there is influence between education given the level of knowledge of the value of increased knowledge of 34.44 points. Among the variables studied (age, education, and information anemia) only educational variables that influence knowledge with ap value of 0.021 (p <0.05). Questions regarding the food to prevent anemia percentage increase only slightly compared with the other questions. From this research, we can conclude there is an increase in knowledge after a given intervention, but for a more optimal improvement of knowledge should be activities such as counseling is often held by health workers in health centers.


The Stanford Learning Laboratory studied the use of innovative pedagogy and technology in a distributed multi-site course offered by the Stanford University Overseas Studies Program: "Literary Institutions: A Comparative Approach." 23 students in Paris, Oxford, Berlin, Florence, and Santiago de Chile, and a faculty member based on the home campus used Web-based applications to engage in a collaborative dialogue focusing on teamand project-based learning.


This study examines students' after-session survey data collected between fall 2010 and fall 2012 from a communication center (n = 1,100) to investigate four types of independent variables: (1) consultants' demographic variables such as female or male status and academic disciplines (language arts versus other disciplines), (2) length of consultation time and whether students received undivided attention, (3) suggestion categories (tapping suggestions on content, delivery, organization respectively), and (4) client willingness to return and client encouragement of others to use the center. Regression analyses provided new insight into predictors of student ratings of usefulness of suggestions and expertise of the consultant. Explanations for the results of the regression analyses are offered, and future directions for research are suggested. Further, implications of the findings on communication center staff hiring and training are suggested.


Clinicians have only recently recognized the aetiological factors that connect a wide variety of developmental anomalies of the skin of the back, the spine, the central nervous system and the gut (Beardmore and Wiglesworth, 1958; Nathan, 1959). Starting with the observations of Lereboullet (1863) on the formation of sagittally split embryos from artificially inseminated pike ova, evidence has slowly accumulated which shows their common origin from a single aberration of development. The many publications in the intervening years dealing with these apparently dissociated malformations have been difficult to correlate, due to variations in both terminology and suggested aetiology. The purpose of this paper is: (i) To summarize the embryological background to the concept of the split notochord syndrome; (ii) to suggest a generic title for the group of anomalies and a nomenclature for the gut components; (iii) to describe five illustrative cases; and (iv) to give key references to the relevant literature. The split notochord syndrome embodies lesions that have been described under the following titles:


The problems of finite-time stochastic stability analysis and controller synthesis of linear Markovian jump systems are considered in this paper. By introducing the definition of finite-time stochastic stability, a sufficient condition is first proposed to ensure that the state of the system does not exceed a certain threshold in mean square sense during a specified time interval. It is shown that finding the possible solution can be transformed into the feasibility of some matrix inequality constraints. Based on this, the mode-dependent state feedback controllers are designed to realize the finite-time stochastic stability of the closed-loop systems. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the results.


A bioreactor using a cooling unit is provided to circulate a cultured solution by a magnetism coupling method stirring unit and to rotate an impeller for rotation by drive unit installed outside a culture tub. A bioreactor contains a culture tub(10) made of metal material having corrosion resistance and having an opened top part, a cover(9) opening and closing the top of the culture tub, one or more illumination units(30) installed at the cover and irradiating light in the culture tub, one or more cooling units(50) cooling cultured solution by heat exchange, an air cooling housing installed at one side of the culture tub in order to surround a coolant channel and a cooling unit and heat-exchanging outer air or cold air with cooling unit by a blower and a stirring unit installed at the culture tub for mixing the cultured solution and microorganism.


The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space-based, infrared observatory designed to study the early stages of galaxy formation in the Universe. The telescope will be launched into orbit about the second Lagrange point and passively cooled to 30-50 K to enable astronomical observations from 0.6 to 28 μm. A group from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Northrop Grumman Space Technology prime contractor team has developed an optical and mechanical layout for the science instruments within the JWST field of view that satisfies the mission requirements. Four instruments required accommodation within the telescope's field of view: a Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), a Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRSpec), a Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) and a Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) with a tunable filter module. The size and position of each instrument's field of view allocation were developed through an iterative, concurrent engineering process involving key observatory stakeholders. While some of the system design considerations were those typically encountered during the development of an infrared observatory, others were unique to the deployable and controllable nature of JWST. This paper describes the optical and mechanical issues considered during the field of view layout development, as well as the supporting modeling and analysis activities.


Noam Chomsky is an enigma. To many, he is — and has been for 50 years — the most prominent and courageous academic opponent of his country's militarist ambitions around the globe. Yet among those who admire him on that score, few find it easy to relate to his seemingly obscure theories about language. The academic community acclaims Chomsky as the principal inspiration behind the so-called 'cognitive revolution' in psychology and related sciences — an intellectual development reflecting corporate pressures and initially sponsored by the United States military. This article investigates the paradoxical relationship between Chomsky's political activism and his science.


We have investigated the effects of thickness on the electrical properties of Co2% and In1% co-doped ZnO films (CIZO) grown on glass substrates at room temperature by Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. The sheet resistance Rsh [Ω], the resistivity ρ [Ω.cm], and the 1/f noise have been analysed as a function of thickness from 50 nm to 450 nm. The electrical properties and 1/f fluctuation noise were carried out by using four-point probe method. In order to reduce the contacts problems, we applied a constant current through the pair of inner electrodes and observed the voltage fluctuations across the pair of outer electrodes. We characterized the noise below 100 kHz and obtained classical 1/f spectra. We attempted to verify the validity of Hooge's empirical relation and to test its usefulness as a diagnostic tool. The results show that the noise coefficient K [cm2/03A9] = Cus / Rsh increases with the thickness twhich indicates that mobility and the noise parameter αH shrinks with a shrinking thickness. We have also studied the structural and optical properties of these films.


--Annealing effects on the magnetic properties and magnetoresistance (~R) are examined for Co/Au and Co/Ag mUltilayers (ML's) prepared on glass substrates. In these films, the pseudo-granular type GMR appears. When the Co/Au ML's are annealed at 300·C, the MR ratio and the field sensitivity of MR increase, because the number of superparamagnetic Co grains in Au layers increases and their grains grow on annealing. On the other hand, the MR ratio of the Co/Ag ML's is not varied much by annealing, while the sensitivity becomes larger, and reaches 7.6%/kOe. This value is higher by a factor of 3 than that for a Co-Ag heterogeneous film prepared by sputtering.


Abstract Various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds were directly hydroxylated by dimethyldioxirane, a preparative useful extension of this oxidation is the efficient catalysis by Ni(II) salts through chelation. Various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds were directly hydroxylated by dimethyldioxirane, a preparative useful extension of this oxidation is the efficient catalysis by Ni(II) salts through chelation. Download full-size image


The invention relates to a tadalafil orally disintegrating tablet and a preparation method thereof. Aiming to improve the deficiency of existing tadalafil oral dosage forms, the invention provides the tadalafil orally disintegrating tablet which is convenient to take, is quick in absorption, takes effect quickly and has high bioavailability for doctors and patients to help the patients achieve requirements for natural and satisfactory sexual lives. The tadalafil orally disintegrating tablet takes tadalafil or medicinal salts thereof as an active ingredient, contains pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials such as filling agents, disintegrating agents, flavouring agents and lubricating agents, and when being taken, dispenses with water, can be quickly disintegrated or dissolved in oral cavities only in a few seconds and is ingested along with saliva.


To the authors' best knowledge this is the first time that the photoelastic method has been used to determine experimentally the whole-field state of thermal stresses of bonded structures. Except for the immediate vicinity of the interfacial edges, the photoelastic results were confirmed through the finite element method (FEM). Theoretical solutions provided by both Timoshenko and Suhir were then re-examined and compared with the photoelastic and FEM results. A comparison of those results indicated that the current theoretical solutions are oversimplified and need to be improved.


ABSTRACT As a central issue in macro-finance studies, the spanning hypothesis has always been the focus of research. Previous studies have focused on whether this hypothesis holds true in developed markets, while paying little attention to that in emerging markets. Because of their unique monetary systems, governments in most emerging markets play a key role in bond returns. This study identifies macroeconomic factors for forecasting excess returns in emerging government bond markets under spanning hypothesis. We find that in previous research, government intervention factors employed in excess returns forecasting have no additional predictive ability, as they are already incorporated in current yields. Using dynamic factor analysis, we find that macroeconomic information, including pure macroeconomic activities and financial factors, has robust incremental predictive power for in-sample and out-of-sample bond excess returns.


The invention discloses a control method of a micro-grid bidirectional DC/DC (Direct Current/Direct Current) change drooping coefficient. The method comprises the following steps: detecting direct current bus voltage Udc and direct current bus current Idc on an output side; inputting the Udc, the Idc, a direct current bus voltage set value Udc and a drooping coefficient initial value k0 into a direct current bus drooping controller; comparing the direct current bus voltage Udc with the direct current bus voltage set value Udc to determine a DC/DC working region and regulating the drooping coefficient of each region; calculating a DC/DC output voltage reference value Udc-ref; transmitting a difference value of the DC/DC output voltage reference value Udc-ref and the direct current bus voltage Udc into a direct current voltage PI (Proportional Integral) regulator, and outputting a given value Idc of a current ring; comparing the Idc with the direct current bus current Idc, inputting the difference value into the direct current PI regulator, and taking the output as a given value of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation); generating PWM wave for controlling switch-on and switch-off of an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) to realize constant voltage control of DC/DC. The problem that the DC/DC output power cannot be regulated on line in the drooping control is effectively solved, the dynamic performance and the steady state performance of a direct current converging system are improved, and loop current between energy storage units is reduced.


Facial expression conveys important signs about the human affective state, cognitive activity, intention and personality. In fact, the automatic facial expression recognition systems are getting more interest year after year due to its wide range of applications in several interesting fields such as human computer/robot interaction, medical applications, animation and video gaming. In this study, the authors propose to combine between different descriptors features (histogram of oriented gradients, local phase quantisation and binarised statistical image features) after applying principal component analysis on each of them to recognise the six basic expressions and the neutral face from the static images. Their proposed fusion method has been tested on four popular databases which are: JAFFE, MMI, CASIA and CK+, using two different cross-validation schemes: subject independent and leave-one-subject-out. The obtained results show that their method outperforms both the raw features concatenation and state-of-the-art methods.


Just as CuO-plane is the basic building block of high-Tc cuprate superconductors, the FeAs-layer is the basic structure of the newly discovered FeAs-based superconducting pnictides 1. However, unlike the rigid CuO-plane in cuprates, partial substitution of Fe by Co or Ni, or As by P within the FeAs-layer can effectively induce superconductivity 234. In this sense, the discovery of superconductivity in binary FeSex (Tc∼8 K) is of great interests, since it only contains the superconducting FeSe-layer which has identical structure as FeAs-layer, and the Se deficiency may cause the superconductivity 5.


It has been a challenging subject for researchers to manipulate the electrospinning key factors to achieve a composite nanofiber with proper properties. In this study, an experiment according to central composite design to investigate the effect of parameters including polyvinylpyrrolidone concentration, zeolite concentration, voltage, core flow rate and shell flow rate on diameter, maximum strength and porosity of polyethersulfone/polyvinylpyrrolidone/zeolite core-shell composite nanofiber has been designed. Later on, two sets of models consisting of response surface methodology and artificial neural network are trained. Then, their performance was evaluated based on the definition of a novel goodness function. In the next step, the genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal design for scaffold applications. The results demonstrated that the average goodness value of models based on an artificial neural network ( ≈ 1.999) is higher than response surface methodology ones ( ≈ 1.780). Additionally, the genetic algorithm was able to find an optimal design with lower cost value (0.006) than the optimum sample (0.113) among the produced ones. Finally, the scanning electron microscopy micrographs highlighted that there is a strong and good cell proliferation on the selected design of nanofiber composite mat as the optimum scaffold.


The openness of social strcuture is one of the central topics in the study of social stratification. This study focuses on the significance of education in social relationship. Based on comparable data from Korea and United States, this study shows that the highest degree earned works as a significant sign of attractiveness of an individual for social interaction. The restricted latent class model reveals that there are three status groups determnied by the possession of two certifications in both countries. The results also show that the relationship with non-kin alters among Koreans is more homogeneous in terms of educational attainment. The difference of educational attainment across cohorts does not fully explain this homogeneity. The implications of these findings will be discussed.