animal studies should be acknowledged, since some reports 11 have suggested that rimonabant might have antidepressant or anxiolytic actions. Another observation that might provide an alternative physio logical basis for increased mood disorders seen with greatest weight-loss comes from evidence that leptin, the adipose-derived hor mone, had an antidepressant action after intrahippocampal but not hypothalamic injec tion. 12 However, direct clinical correlates are diffi cult to draw. What is the signifi cance of the fi ndings reported by Christensen and colleagues? First, their meta-analysis has raised major questions about the safety of rimonabant in obese people, who are already at an increased risk of de pres sion, especially since the FDA review suggests that the risk of suicide is increased by use of this agent. More over, at least four other companies have CB 1 antagonists in phase II or III development. The fi ndings of Christensen and colleagues' meta-analysis suggest that phase III studies of such CB 1 antagonists should monitor psychiatric complications very carefully. Second, the link between depression and this CB 1-receptor blocker raises theoretical questions about a potential central role for the endocannabinoid system in both normal and clinical mood states. Five large meta-analyses of homoeopathy trials have been done. All have had the same result: after excluding methodo logically inadequate trials and accounting for publication bias, homoeopathy produced no statistically signifi cant benefi t over placebo. 1–5 And yet homoeopathy can still be clinically useful. During the cholera epidemic in the 19th century, death rates at the London Homoeopathic Hospital were three times lower than those at the Middlesex Hospital. 6 The reason for homoeopathy's success in this epidemic is even more interesting than the placebo eff ect. At the time, nobody could treat cholera, and while medical treatments such as blood-letting were actively harmful, the homoeopaths' treatments were at least inert. Similarly, modern medicine can off er little for conditions such as many types of back pain, stress at work, medically unexplained fatigue, and most com mon colds. Going through a theatre of medical treatment, and trying every drug in the book, will only elicit side-eff ects. An inert pill in these circumstances seems a sensible option. However, just as homoeopathy has unexpected benefi ts, so it can have unexpected side-eff ects. The very act of prescribing a pill carries its own risks: medicalisation, reinforcement of counterproductive illness behaviours, and promotion of the idea …


Purpose
Amidst pressing environmental concerns, the service industry has increased its focus on sustainable production and consumption patterns. This study aims to explore whether Generation Z's perceived value of plant-based food influences feelings of guilt as a result of consuming meat instead of plant-based food and/or pride from consuming plant-based foods, which might then lead to decisions to purchase alternative plant-based products at restaurants.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted measuring a range of variables and their relationships. The hypothesized model was tested using covariance-based structural equation modeling.

Findings
Results showed that perceived social value significantly influenced guilt and pride with perceived emotional value only influencing pride. Both guilt and pride significantly influenced the decision to switch eating patterns from conventional meat to plant-based protein at restaurants. And, finally, environmental concern significantly moderated the effect of emotional value on guilt.

Practical implications
To achieve sustainable goals, food producers should promote plant-based menu items by increasing the awareness of social approval through marketing communications.

Originality/value
This study bridges a gap in the literature by investigating how consumers' perceived value affects their anticipated emotional feelings of guilt and pride leading to the switch from meat-based to plant-based diets at restaurants.


ABSTRACT Inquiry focussing on grandparents' experiences following a child's pregnancy loss has concentrated on shorter-term grief and support outcomes. We aimed to understand longer-term wellbeing impacts exploring outcomes 10–20 years after the loss of a grandchild/ren during pregnancy. Our study addressed the questions: what are the longer-term outcomes for grandparents experiencing the loss of a grandchild in pregnancy?; what factors contribute to reduced grandparent/family coping or increased family distress?; what supports could be of benefit to grandparent wellbeing and family coping? We used thematic analysis to analyse interviews with 12 grandparents from Australia and the United States of America. Four themes resulted: The grief is ongoing, the support continues; Subsequent pregnancies: joyful anticipation has changed to anticipatory fear; Adjustment: Our lives, our family, and our wellbeing changed, and; Reflecting on these changes, how did our family cope? These findings confirm those of shorter-term studies but indicate that grandparents' grief and the support they provide to their children are ongoing and, therefore, grandparents may require information and support for many years following loss. In addition, grandparent coping is influenced by parent coping. Therefore, interventions that focus on family adaptation to loss may also benefit families experiencing multiple losses or continued relationship disruption.


This paper discusses the perceptual boundary of front vowels $/ \mathbf{i} /, / \varepsilon / \text {and} / \mathbf{a} /$ in Guangzhou Cantonese, and figures out why previous researches hold different ideas of the phonological induction of [ɛu] and [iau]. We first studies the acoustic characteristics of [ɛu] and [iau], the result shows that it is not easy to differentiate one from another from a phonetic perspective. Then we modify values of the first two formants to synthesize phonological stimulus continuum, and use the psychological experimental operating software E-Prime, which carries out the classical task paradigm of phonological categorization perception research –– the recognition experiment and the distinction experiment, to explore the perceptual boundary of front vowels $/ \mathbf{i} /, / \varepsilon / \text {and} / \mathbf{a} /$ by using data from fifteen participants. Combined with the acoustic results, this paper provides a scientific and objective basis for the phonological induction of Guangzhou Cantonese. The perception and acoustic result suggest that /ɛ/ is the most perceived vowel and there are both [ɛu] and [iau] between different local speakers, while there is either [ɛu] or [iau] within each individual.


The purpose of this paper is to verify the key indirect instruments of effective communication of MOP's ( Market Oriented Parties ) on political marketplace in Poland. MOP's are the modern political organizations that use contemporary marketing activities to gain the competitive advantage. Furthermore, article aspires to verify the hypothesis that only modern market oriented parties may provide the effective communication by use of appropriate marketing tools. In accordance to the analysis performed and sources criticism including the observation, the author has reached the conclusion and overthrown the selected hypothesis.


Considerable attention is devoted to determining and refining the optical properties of metal nanoparticle arrays. The evolution of nanofabrication techniques towards miniaturizing optoelectronic devices naturally suggests the possibility of using such arrays in nanoscale optical components. However, small-scale defects (tens of nanometers or less) in individual particles themselves may exert a significant influence on the overall optical responses of the array, especially when the particles (and/or arrays) appear symmetric on the scale of the particle (and/or array). We have observed strong linear and nonlinear chiral responses from regular arrays of lithographically-designed, low-symmetry, L-shaped gold nanoparticles (~ 200 nm arm lengths) through polarization azimuth rotation and circular difference measurements. Second-harmonic generation measurements exhibit much larger circular difference responses, being more sensitive to symmetry. Comparisons between arrays of symmetric and asymmetric particles imply that the small defects may be the primary source of broken symmetry and hence chirality.


The non-calcined phosphogypsum was modified and purified by quicklime, aged, treated by balling and cement coating, and then mixed with an appropriate amount of water, the cementitious material, gravel and so on. After using the vibration pressure molding process and the nature curing, the prepared high-strength and water-resistant phosphogypsum small hollow block can produce a softening coefficient of 0.82 and a compressive strength of 7.5 MPa, and the other properties meet the MU7.5 grade requirements of normal concrete small hollow block on the GB 8239-1997, which broadens the application range of phosphogypsum small hollow block, and may provide a new way to solve the comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum.


Objective To find a proper method for quickly detecting staphylococcus aureus in food.Methods Testing slip method for detecting staphylococcus aureus in food was studied,and the results were compared with the method for national standards.Results Testing slip method was a high-specificity testing method for staphylococcus aureus with the sensitivity of 3.0×10-8 cfu/g(ml),and its minimum detectable quantity was 1.1×10-4cfu/g(m1),which increased three log10 compared with national standard method.The positive rate of 242 samples was 31.40% by testing slip method,23.97% by national standard method.Compared with the positive rate increased by 7.50%.Conclusion The method is simple,convenient,accurate and stable.And the method with the short testing period can reduce one half of the workload.


approved: I David W. Hann Measurement error (ME) is a component of any study involving the use of actual measurements, but is often not recognized or is ignored. The consequences of MEs on estimates of tree and stand attributes and the parameters and predictions of forest models can be varied and severe, including the presence of bias and increased variance. While correction methods do exist for countering the effects of MEs, these methods require knowledge of the distribution of the errors. A new method for directly modeling error distributions called the two-stage error distribution (TSED) method is presented. This method is compared with traditional methods for error modeling through examples using diameter (D) and height (H) MEs. Comparisons are done based on a measure of dissimilarity between their fitted error distribution surfaces and the empirical error surface. Results indicate that the TSED method produces a much more accurate characterization of the ME distributions than traditional methods when a high percentage of errors are zero. When few measurements are exactly correct, the TSED method works as well as the most accurate form of the traditional method. The TSED method also performs better at characterizing distributions with asymmetric tails. It is therefore more adaptable than traditional methods and should be used for future error modeling. Variables included in forest models are often not simple variables such as D and H, but rather transformations of these variables. Applying correction techniques to account for MEs in these transformed variables requires distributions for the MEs of these variables. This information is often not available and may be time-consuming and expensive to collect and model. Indirect derivation methods are examined for obtaining the error distributions of transformed variables when the error distributions for their component variables are known. Statistical error distributions for D2 and D2H are first indirectly derived using known error distributions for D and H, and then directly estimated using the TSED method and under the assumption of normally distributed errors. Results indicate that indirect derivation can lead to error characterizations of the transformed variables as accurate or more accurate than direct estimation of the error distributions. The Presence and Characterization of Measurement Error in Forestry


Abstract:  This article examines what Catholics can learn from Douglas John Hall, a Protestant, in relationship to consumerism and the North American context. It does this by first, examining the relationship of consumerism to this context; second, viewing various Catholic reflections on consumerism through the lens of Stephen B. Bevans' models of contextual theology; and third, placing the Catholic reflections in conversation with Hall in order to come to a constructive conclusion.


In order to solve the problem that robustness in copying and pasting forgery detection algorithm is poor and detection accuracy is insufficient, this paper puts forward to image forgery detection algorithm of coupling Zernike Moment (Zernike) by Undecimated Wavelet Transform (UWT). Firstly, it uses Undecimated Wavelet Transform to break the input image up into approximation coefficient LL and specific coefficient HH and get similarity and difference among blocks; then it divides overlapping block and calculate space between image subblock, makes order and classification according to similarity LL and difference HH and introduces Zernike Moment, builds distance matrix for image feature matching and image forgery detection. The experiment indicates that the mentioned algorithm has good translation invariance and amplitude rotation invariance and it has good anti-post processing performance, high accurate measurement, low omission factor and false positive rate.


The services marketing literature focuses on the measurement of service quality and its impact and consequences on businesses. Set in the context of the travel retail agency in Singapore, this study focuses on the relationship between service quality and favourable behavioural intentions. The findings revealed that improving service quality can increase favourable behavioural intentions. However, service improvements that exceed customers' minimum-service threshold and those that exceed customers' desired-service level were found to have mixed effect on behavioural intentions. Hence travel agencies must carefully determine the behavioural intentions they wish to foster amongst their various customers and develop service quality strategies in line with the findings of this study. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The This paper introduced a signal generator based on DDS chip AD9833.The system adopted a combination of FPGA and AD9833,with the FPGA being the control center,AD9833 being the direct digital frequency synthesizer and AD8320 being the amplitude modulator.The device can produce sine wave,triangular wave and square wave,which all have the ability of adjusting the frequency,mgnitude and bias.The measurement result shows that the signal generator has little frequency error and high resclution.


The dual‐frequency global positioning system (GPS) data acquired from the UNAVCO over different places of Nepal were processed to examine the eclipse‐triggered consequences on total electron content (TEC) in response to the annular solar eclipse of 15th January 2010 and 21st June 2020. These occasions were exceptional since they occurred during solar minimum, additionally as in a magnetically quiet period. The eclipse phase coincided with the peak ionization‐time at the equatorial and low latitude regions. The solar eclipse of 21st June 2020 was an annular solar eclipse with a magnitude of 0.994. Nepal has witnessed a partial eclipse, starting at ∼10:53 NST (05:08 UT), reached the maximum at ∼12:40 NST (6:55 UT), and ended at ∼14:24 NST (8:39 UT) with the total duration of 3 h and 31 min. The annular solar eclipse of 15th January 2010 had the magnitude of 0.919 and Nepal has witnessed a partial eclipse starting at ∼12:24 NST (6:39 UT), reached the maximum at ∼14:10 NST (8:25 UT), and ended at ∼15:40 NST (9:55 UT). The eclipse effect occurs as a trough‐like depression in the curve of TEC at all the GPS stations indicates the effect of sudden attenuation of solar extreme ultra‐violet irradiation on decayed electron content in the ionosphere over the region. Moreover, the extent of the exhaustion in ionospheric TEC was studied by comparing the eclipse day TEC with mean diurnal ionospheric TEC of five quietest days of the month to investigate the eclipse effect on the electron density of the ionosphere over the stations. The study additionally reveals that the measure of the decrease in vertical value of total electron content is proportional to the obscuration of the lunar disc, that is closely associated with the electron production via the photoionization process. Observing the values of TEC during the eclipse day and comparing it with other quiet days, our study showed an apparent variation during the time of the eclipse, which agrees with previous studies on ionospheric responses to the eclipse as well as theoretical assumptions.


Wind field calculation is a research focus for wind disaster prevention in Civil Engineering. A new finite element procedure using flow-condition-based interpolation method combined with splitting algorithm is proposed in the paper. It used the analytical solution of one-dimensional advection–diffusion equation, and naturally introduced upwind effect in element interpolation functions. Further, combined with splitting algorithm, the element interpolation functions of velocity and pressure have concise format without meet Babuska-Brezzi condition. A two dimension four-node bilateral fluid element was constructed using flow-condition-based interpolation method and a corresponding program was developed. The solution procedure was discussed in detail and the numerical example solution was given to illustrate the capabilities of the procedure


A total of 37 fungal taxa were isolated from roots and crowns of wheat and barley planted to soil collected from the
three main small-grain production areas in Tanzania, viz. Hanang Wheat Complex, Karatu and West-Kilimanjaro.
The most prevalent species were Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium equiseti, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum,
F. subglutinans, Periconia macrospinosa, Phoma macrostromal/Ig and P. medicaginis , which were present in soil from
all three areas. Roots yielded a greater diversity of fungi than crowns. lIgFusariuml/Ig species, mainly F. oxysporuml/Ig and F. nygamai , dominated the fungi isolated from roots, whereas F. equisetil/Ig represented the main lIgFusariuml/Ig sp.
isolated from crowns. B. sorokinianal/Ig was predominantly isolated from crowns of both wheat and barley. Rhizoctonia
solanil/Ig AG-6, the causal agent of patchy stunting disease in Tanzania, was retrieved from soil in all three areas, albeit
at low frequencies. Most of the taxa isolated in the study represent first records on wheat and barley in Tanzania, the
most notable being binucleate lIgRhizoctonial/Ig spp., F. equiseti, F. nygamai, Macrophomina phaseolina,
P. macrospinosal/Ig and Sclerotium rolfsii .


The current drivers of an emissive display device Such as an OLED display are shut off to have minimum drain current when Sub-pixel current is measured, in order to minimize dark current during Sub-pixel current measurement. The cur rent drivers in the sub-pixels not under test are biased in such a manner as to reduce their leakage current to a minimum. Therfore, the signal to noise ratio between the OLED sub pixel current and the panel dark current can be maximized.


75) Inventors: Ginther Ott, Minster; Udo Reiter, 4,892,897 1/1990 Redman ........................... 204/181.7 Telgte; Walter Jouck, Minster, all of 5,324,402 6/1994 Ott et al. .......................... 204/181.7 Germany Primary Examiner-John Niebling Assistant Examiner-Kishor Mayekar 73) Assignee: BASF Lacke --Farben AG, Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Anne Gerry Sabourin Muenster-Hiltrup, Germany 57 ABSTRACT 21 Appl. No.: 955,703 57) The invention relates to a cathodic electro-dipping pro 22, PCT Filed: May 31, 1991 cess wherein the electro-dipping primer employed con tains a crosslinking agent which can be obtained by (86 PCT No.: PCT/EP91/01012 reacting


There is no lack of prefixes for a term innovation in innovation discourse. Concepts of frugal innovation and reverse innovation have emerged recently and there are already several hallmark examples of them. However, extant academic literature on these concepts is still quite limited. The purpose of this article is to analytically study these concepts by investigating their in the innovation landscape. We present a conceptual framework that combines drivers behind these concepts. We also discuss future research avenues to enrich our understanding of these seemingly important topics.


After having traced the origin of modernity,the disputes on modernity are discussed in three different spheres:literature,philosophy,and society.These disputes remain modernity an unfavorable stand.Facing the negation to modernity from the post-modernists,the prominent figure of Frankfort school,the German philosopher and sociologist,Jurgen Habermas reverts to modernity and reason to debate with post-modernist.Proposing the theory of communication,he tries to help the modern people out of the instrumental rationality in order to cure the flaws in modern society and therefore continue to complete the project of the Enlighten.


Staphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen that causes a multitude of superficial and invasive infections worldwide. As antibiotic resistance is increasing, novel therapies are in dire need. As a master of immune evasion, S. aureus produces several virulence factors to persist in the host. A primary target of staphylococcal immune evasion is the Complement system, a component of innate immunity central to controlling bacterial infections. We have previously shown that S. aureus binds Complement regulator Factor H (FH) via surface protein SdrE to inhibit Complement. To address the need for novel therapeutics and take advantage of the SdrE:FH interaction, we tested the binding and downstream effect of a fusion protein comprised of the SdrE-interacting domain of FH coupled with IgG1 Fc using a S. aureus clinical isolate known to bind FH.
 S. aureus bound significantly more FH-Fc than Fc-control proteins indicating a greater affinity for SdrE compared to S. aureus Fc-binding proteins Protein A and Sbi. In the presence of normal human serum, FH-Fc competitively bound to S. aureus and reduced S. aureus recruitment of serum FH compared to Fc-control. When examining the effect of FH-Fc on complement-mediated opsonization of S. aureus, treatment with FH-Fc resulted in a slight increase in C3-fragment deposition and a significant increase in C5a generation compared to control. This may be attributed to the cumulative effect of serum FH displacement plus a boost in classical pathway activation via additional Fc presence afforded by SdrE:FH-Fc binding. Taken together, these data support FH-Fc as a potential anti-staphylococcal therapeutic. Future studies will explore how FH-Fc affects S. aureus survival when challenged with phagocytes.


Objective To investigate the clinical characters of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods All the patients treated at the hemodialysis center of Beijing Fengtai Hospital.The complaint,symptoms and the time point were recorded if the cardiac arrhythmias occurred in patients during the dialysis.Meanwhile,the blood biochemical test and electrocardiogram examinations were done.Results The incidence of arrhythmias in the dialysis patients was 9.8% in this study.The premature ventricular beat was the most common type in the arrhythmias events.Most of the events happened at the 2nd to 5th hours during the hemodialysis treatment.The risk of arrhythmias correlated with the patient's age,ultrafiltrate volume,abnormal electrolyte balance,especially hypopotassaemia.Conclusions The causes and types of arrhythmias in the dialysis patients were various.The arrhythmias during dialysis maybe preventive and treatable if the risk factors were controlled.


Four wave mixing (FWM) is a nonlinear e�ect observable in optical �bers when light
of two or more wavelengths are launched into the �ber. Parametric ampli�cation is
a consequence of FWM, where depending on the phase di�erence between the waves,
power transfer between the interacting waves could take place. We are interested
in the generation of this phenomenon in optical �bers to create Fiber Optical Para-
metric Ampli�ers (FOPA). In this paper, we simulated the parametric ampli�cation
process in a highly nonlinear �ber (HNLF), focusing on the e�ect of di�erent values
of the initial linear phase mismatch ��, pump power Pp, and nonlinear coe�cient
.
It was found that in terms of the initial �� value, a value closer to zero will result
in a higher maximum signal and idler power. Also, we observed that a larger pump
power and caused parametric ampli�cation to happen within a shorter length of
�ber, as well as giving us a bigger maximum gain. These results will be useful in
optimizing the ampli�cation process with respect to the �ber length involved.


To predict the slot film-cooing adiabatic effectiveness,a mathematic model was developed based on cohence non-isothermal jet theory.The core temperature distribution of mixing layer in 2D wall jet was deduced through reasonable assumptions,and the temperature was regarded as the adiabatic wall temperature.In addition,this influence of slot geometry parameter and film blowing ratio on the cooling effectiveness was also considered,so the adiabatic effectiveness equation was obtained.The empirical coefficients in this prediction model should be fitted to the experimental data,showing that the present prediction model has an accuracy of within ±8% to all previous experimental data.The feasibility and potential application of this model have been demonstrated,and more experimental data are required for future verification and improvement.


The purpose of this replication study was to examine how women with breast cancer reached their decision for suigical treatment (Ward, Heidrich and Wolbeig 1989). Twenty-one women who met the surgical criteria, i e option for Breast Conserving surgery or Modified Radical Mastectomy, completed four surveys 1 to 7 days post operatively. The women were (tivided into two groups, 13 who had Breast Conserving surgery and 8 vriio had Modified Radical Mastectony. The surveys assessed demogr^hic characteristics of the groups, the level of knowledge r%arding breast cancer, foctors conridered important in reaching the dedrion for surgery and the sources of information used during the dedsion-making process. The results of this study were limited due to the small sample aze, however several trends were identified. The Breast Conserving group chose that surgery because there was no difference between the two surgeries and felt that the inconvenience o f daily radiation treatment was not an important foctor in making their decision. The Modified Rascal Mastectomy group conddered daily racfiation treatments to be very inconvenient and the foct that there was no difference between the surgeries to be urumportant. The test o f knowledge revealed that both groups had inadequate knowledge and were not dgnificantly different (t = 2.04, df = 8.26, p > .05). The subjects overwhelmingly listed the phyddan as the most inqwrtant source of information they used to make thdr surreal treatment deddons. Further stucty of how women make their decision for surgical treatment of their early stage breast cancer is needed in order for nurses to apply appropriate interventions as they counsel such women.


One of the rewarding aspects of working in the field of cardiac eleclrophysiology is its dynamic nature. Techniques from one era that appear to establish "first" principles are tiltimately superseded hy new •tmths" derived from later technology. Perhaps no area illustrates this evolution of thought more vividly than the area of AV nodal physiology, eneompassing dual AV ntxlal physiology and AV nodal reentry. More than 20 years ago, the demonstration that atrial activity could be dissociated frotn the AV nixlal reentrant circuit during atrial extrastimulus testing offered elegani support for the proposition that the atria were not obligate components of the reentrant circuit.' This observation provided the most coherent description of AV notiai reentry until the results of radiofrequeney ablation showed that the slow "pathway" was remote frotn the compact AV node.In a similar manner, ihe eoncept that an upper common pathway of the AV node funnel.s all impulses through a single entry point into the AV node and remains proximal to the intranodal circuit' appears lo he ctintradicted by more recent data obtained during high-resolution mapping during AV nodal reentrant tachycardia.''-'


My research is in the area of theoretical asset pricing. In particular, I concentrate on two subfields of this general area: (i) liquidity, and (ii) macro-finance. As recent events illustrate, market organization can play an important role in the determination of asset prices. My work on liquidity recognizes this fact and models rigorously a variety of market features to derive their implications for pricing, trading, and welfare. Specifically, I study the following frictions to the trading process: search frictions in such markets as the over-the-counter (OTC) ones, where finding an appropriate counterparty and completing a trade can take a significant length of time; short-sale frictions, ranging from outright prohibition to the practical difficulties of borrowing shares to sell short; capital immobility between markets, which generates price effects due to unhedgeable inventory; margin constraints, which affect all market participants, from retail investors to hedge funds; asymmetric information; and transaction costs. I take a general-equilibrium perspective, accounting explicitly for the reaction of market conditions to the actions of agents faced with these conditions. Indeed, the simultaneous adjustment of market conditions — such as price-process properties, market composition, or asset cash flows — constitutes one of the most interesting aspects of the research. Focusing on frictions makes it possible to address naturally a number of empirical phenomena that have been difficult to reconcile with the classical paradigm in which trading is liquid and joint cashflow-consumption behavior determines asset-price properties. Thus, as I detail below, my work shows that liquidity helps explain pricing and quoting behavior in OTC markets, the time signature of price recovery following allocation or preference shocks, over-pricing following IPOs that decreases over time, occasional high sensitivity of prices to changes in fundamentals, and even seemingly odd features of option prices. My second major area of research is macro-finance, which lies at the intersection of macroeconomics and finance. The broad goal of this field of study is to explain the joint properties of asset returns, consumption, and production observed empirically, with particular emphasis on the long-run properties. Over the past couple of decades a number of empirical observations have been made that pose challenges to the classical model — for instance, risk premia are high, volatile, and predictable, and interest rates are low and smooth. My work seeks to address these challenges by incorporating agent heterogeneity into the classical model — in terms of preferences, human capital, etc. — or refining …


Prepared adsorbents, copper-containing alumina, are effective in adsorbing mercaptan in kerosene. The adsorption capacity of 226mg/g was obtained when the initial concentration of mercaptan was 456. 9mg-S/L in kerosene. The adsorption results showed that the mercaptan uptake processes followed the second-order kinetic model, and can be described by the first-order rate expression of Lagergren. The second-order rate constant, k2, varied from 3. 86× 10-5 to 43. 64× 10-5g·mg-1·min-1, and decreased with increasing initial concentration of mercaptan in liquid. The firstorder rate constant, k1, ranged from 6. 00×10-3 to 14. 28× 10-3 min-1, and increased with increasing initial concentration of mercaptan in kerosene. The isotherm, for the sorption of mercaptan on copper-containing alumina, fit Langmuir equation better and can be expressed by Freundlich model. The monolayer maximal sorption capactity q0, calculated by Langmuir model, is 222. 2mg/g.


How trehalose has exceptional property in helping biomolecules preserve their native structures remains a subject of active research. Running molecular dynamics simulations on a model protein in low-concentrated trehalose solution and pure water, respectively, the present study verifies the ability of trehalose in stabilizing protein native structure and provides a comprehensive atomic-level picture of the molecular interactions among protein, trehalose, and water in their mixed solution. Trehalose directly interacts to and meanwhile affects the interactions between the other species via hydrogen bonding: 1) trehalose molecules are clustered through inter-molecular hydrogen bonding interaction; 2) trehalose forms hydrogen bond with water which influences the strength of water-water hydrogen bonding network but does not impair protein-water hydrogen bonding; 3) trehalose is accessible to form hydrogen bonds towards protein and simultaneously replace water molecules around protein which reduces the hydrogen bonding possibility from water to protein, in accordance with "water replacement" scenario.


Soils are known to have heterogeneous physical, chemical, and biological properties. Different properties have different degrees of variability (Mallants et al., 2010). Heterogeneous properties relevant to contaminant transport through soils include hydraulic functions describing the water retention characteristic and the (un)saturated hydraulic conductivity (Tseng and Jury, 1994). Chemical properties such as sorption behaviour also exhibit spatial variability and cause additional spreading of the contaminant plume (Bosma et al., 1993; Jacques et al., 1999).


The editors have obtained the written expertise of many highly regarded authorities on Kaposi's sarcoma and collated this information into a thorough yet readable text and atlas on this topic of ever-increasing importance, largely promulgated by its association with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Typical of textbooks edited by A. Bernard Ackerman, MD, the organization, content, and figures are stellar. The generous inclusion of more than 100 figures of high-quality clinical photographs, many of which are in color, seduces one to read the various legends and thus stimulates the desire to delve into the more didactic portions of the text. Indeed, it is the atlas portion of the book that elevates this text on Kaposi's sarcoma to a level above other comparable written works on this subject. There are 18 chapters and two appendixes in this 330-page textbook and atlas. The editors have organized the content in such a manner


In this work is studied the division process of communal property of Colalao y Tolombon natives in the province of Tucuman between 1870 y 1890 in the context of the sugar advancement, with the correspondent development of the capitalist structures. It was reconstructed the evolution of the agrarian structure, it was inquired about the ways of distribution of the communal territories, it was determined the number and surnames of the original owner families before and after the division of land and, at least, it was sounded the different characteristics of buyers and sellers of the communal land.


Purpose

Mentalization is a psychodynamic concept that can help us to understand our emotional responses to others. The purpose of this paper to illustrate how the concept of mentalization may be applied in dementia care.

Design/methodology/approach

An autoethnographic account of the author's experiences (first author), working as a project manager in which the author used the concept of mentalization to pay close attention to how the author's emotional responses to people with dementia influenced thier communicative interactions.

Findings

This paper outlines how the author processed the author's own internal experiences in both mentalizing and non-mentalizing modes, as the author wrestled with feelings of conscious incompetence. In the non-mentalizing mode, the author was pre-occupied with the author's own anxieties. The author struggled to relate to or make sense of the experiences of the individuals with advanced dementia that the author engaged with. Moving towards a mentalizing stance helped the author to attune to the embodied experiences of the people with dementia and recognise the reciprocal nature of our communicative interactions.

Originality/value

This paper illustrates the role that mentalization may play in developing natural and authentic strategies to support communicative engagement in dementia care. These strategies may be of potential value to family carers. Family carers who can maintain a mentalizing stance may be more able to respond in empathic, person- centred ways to people who are living with dementia. On the other hand, non-mentalizing responses may be a root cause of mis-understanding and emotional disengagement.


—This paper presents a multi-dimensional high-order gas-kinetic scheme on moving mesh to simulate unsteady flows of freely falling plates or thin coins. The two-dimensional scheme has previously been successfully implemented on freely falling plates, where the rich dynamical behavior, such as fluttering and tumbling motion, was analyzed and the quantitative comparison has been provided between the experimental measurement and numerical computation. In the past several years, a three-dimensional gas-kinetic scheme on moving grid has also been developed to compute fluid problems with moving boundaries. In this work in progress paper, both the modified grid velocity and high-order gas-kinetic scheme are developed to improve the above gas-kinetic method, which is applied for simulating three-dimensional freely falling thin disks.


Lipid Abnormalities in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CAD) than subjects in the general population. An increased prevalence of both CAD morbidity and mortality is evident at all ages among patients with CKD.1,2 Traditional risk factors (such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes and hypertension) as well as non-traditional risk factors (including oxidant stress, inflammation and malnutrition, and also disturbances of serum Ca2+ and PO4 metabolism) associated with CKD, may further increase CAD risk in these patients.1,3 Dyslipidaemia is common in CKD patients and alterations in serum lipid profile vary widely depending on the level of kidney function and the degree of proteinuria.4,5 Prior to developing severe CKD, patients frequently have elevated serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. As CKD advances to kidney failure, the prevalence of high LDL cholesterol levels decreases. The classic lipid profile of late-stage CKD includes increased triglyceride levels, moderately elevated or normal LDL cholesterol levels and low highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.4,5


Abstract Macroalgae are major components of Atlantic shallow coral reef communities and potentially a major competitor with corals. This study investigates the spatial and seasonal distribution of macroalgal species, which includes fleshy algae, turf algae and some geniculate and non-geniculate corallines, on two inshore and one offshore reef from Porto Seguro Bay, Brazil. Data were collected during the dry season (July/August 1999) and the rainy season (February/March 2000), with samples being taken from the reef slope (at 1, 3 and 5 m depth) and from the reef flat. Macroalgal cover ranged from 33% (reef slope) to 60% (reef flat) on the nearshore reefs, and from 36% (reef slope) to 50% (reef flat) on the offshore reef. The largest number of infrageneric taxa was recorded during the rainy season (February/March 2000), the most abundant genera being Sargassum, Padina, Dictyota, Dictyosphaeria, Caulerpa and Amphiroa. Two species were recorded for the first time in the region: Tricleocarpa cylindrica (Rhodophyta, Galaxauraceae) and Avrainvillea longicaulis (Chlorophyta, Udoteaceae). Algal turf dominated the community structure at all reef sites and habitats. Fleshy algae are the second most conspicuous group on the reef flat in both inshore and offshore reefs. On the reef slopes, corals and zoanthids are second to turf algae in the offshore reef and nearshore reefs respectively.


The first of these is that science and technology, in the 20th century, are crucial ingredients in the efforts to remedy a broad range of immediate and pressing problems in the Third World, pertaining to the economy, to health, to nutrition, to housing, and to many other main material components of life. These problems are highly visible even to a casual visitor, and are in the main focus of the perception of the Third World in the eyes of the more advanced countries.


This study summarizes molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experiments using four ester-based cement shrinkage reducing agents (SRa) in pure water and simulated cement pore solution. The esters were found to completely dissociate in the alkaline pore solution to form acid and alcohol analog compounds. The alcohol analogs were further found to be entirely responsible for the surface tension reduction capacity of the parent compounds. In addition, the surface tension reduction capacity of the alcohol analogs are not affected by relevant counter-ions present in the pore solution. The MD-based analysis show that water molecules form stable hydrogen bonds with head groups of the alcohol analogues and that relevant dissolved ions, K+ and Na+, have virtually no effect on hydrogen bond stability. Furthermore, the higher the self-diffusion coefficient of water molecules in the neighborhood of the head groups the lower the resulting surface tension at the air-water interface.

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Aim: To assess the safety of pirfenidone and its effectiveness in slowing down IPF progression in a real-life setting in Italy. Patients and Methods: Between Apr 2008 and Dec 2016, 68 IPF patients were treated. Side effects and reason for therapy discontinuation were recorded. Functional (FVC and DLCO) decline in the first 11±2 months (mean±SD) of treatment was assessed in the 22 patients for whom the data were available. A historical cohort of 26 patients enrolled prior to pirfenidone approval was used for comparison. Results: Treatment was discontinued in 3 patients (4%) due to malaise (1) and significant weight loss (2), and the dose reduced in 4 patients (6%) due to skin reactions (2) and epigastralgia (2). Baseline functional characteristics were not different between the two groups (unpaired t-test). DLCO % predicted decreased significantly during the follow-up period in untreated patients; in contrast, no significant decline was observed in treated patients (paired t-test; fig. 1A). No significant decline in FVC was observed for either group. Time to functional decline, defined as a 10- or 15-percentage point reduction for FVC (not shown) and DLCO (fig. 1B) respectively, was not different between treated and untreated patients. Conclusions: Pirfenidone treatment was well tolerated by the majority of patients and prevented DLCO decline over a 12-month follow-up.


AIM:To investigate the role of p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the receptor-mediated endocytosis.METHODS:The effects of p38 MAPK on the receptor-mediated endocytosis were observed by using Alexa 594-conjugated Transferrin,in the presence of p38 specific inhibitor SB203580 or ERK pathway specific inhibitor PD98059,or using p38 knockout techniques.RESULTS:In the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis,p38 was activated by phosphorylation.Furthermore,the receptor-mediated endocytosis was inhibited by pretreatment with SB203580 or p38 knockout,while pretreatment with PD98059 had no effect on this process.CONCLUSION:p38 MAPK signaling pathway plays a role in the regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis.


A spatial data set is consistent if it satisfies a set of integrity constraints. Although consistency is a desirable property of databases, enforcing the satisfaction of integrity constraints might not be always feasible. In such cases, the presence of inconsistent data may have a negative effect on the results of data analysis and processing and, in consequence, there is an important need for data-cleaning tools to detect and remove, if possible, inconsistencies in large data sets. This work proposes strategies to support data cleaning of spatial databases with respect to a set of integrity constraints that impose topological relations between spatial objects. The basic idea is to rank the geometries in a spatial data set that should be modified to improve the quality of the data (in terms of consistency). An experimental evaluation validates the proposal and shows that the order in which geometries are modified affects both the overall quality of the database and the final number of geometries to be processed to restore consistency.


Recently, magnetic multilayer systems have received again a great attention owing to their suitability for the generation of magnetic chiral spin structure. In this study, we experimentally investigated the interfacial Dzyaloshisnkii-Moriaya interaction (DMI) and the spin-Hall angle (SHA) of magnetic Co/Gd/Pt multilayers with respect to the repetition number $N$ of the multilayers. The DMI and SHA are important variables that govern the stability and mobility of a homochiral spin structure, respectively. The experimental results show that the ratio between the DMI and the dipole energy from the domain wall gradually decreases as $N$ increases, which is expected to be hard to achieve homochiral spin structure for larger $N$ and the values of SHA remain constant irrespective of $N$. The observed SHA invariance indicates that the Pt layers in repetition have a negligible effect on the SHA.


Purpose – Life cycle costing (LCC) is a means of comparing design options on the basis of their whole life cost with the objective of providing value for money for the life of the asset. The process involves estimating all the cost elements of the particular subject and translating them into a cost at a particular point in time, the present, enabling comparison. Despite being in theory, a useful tool LCC appears to experience varied levels of usage. Varied opinions have been expressed about the level to which LCC is used but there is no doubt that private finance initiatives and public‐private partnerships procurement routes have seen an increase in the use of the technique. The paper aims to appraise levels of application within the construction industry, in particular the paper will evaluate the existence of motivators and barriers which affect the decision to undertake LCC analysis in order to identify what actions can be taken to increase usage levels.Design/methodology/approach – Following a literatu...


Published N{sub 2}O emissions data for experimental studies examining large numbers of coals are generally scarce at the pilot-scale fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) level, although some data are available at the laboratory scale. The primary objective of this study was to determine the atmospheric contribution of N{sub 2}O derived from coal combustion. Additionally, the goal was to establish a comprehensive engineering model to assist in the prediction of N{sub 2}O emissions based upon operating and design considerations. To meet the overall objectives of determining the overall contribution of N{sub 2}O derived from FBC and developing an engineering model seven tasks were originally proposed. The objective of each task as originally proposed and finally executed is presented in this topical report. The seven tasks were: (1) literature survey; (2) equipment design and test plan development; (3) experimental techniques; (4) pilot-scale determination of the impacts of coal properties and operating conditions on N{sub 2}O emissions; (5) role of coal char on N{sub 2}O formation and destruction; (6) homogeneous versus heterogeneous reactions; and (7) modeling of N{sub 2}O emissions.


The utility model relates to a butane-semiconductor temperature difference generating set, which includes a semiconductor temperature difference generating chip and is characterized in that a burner is included; one end of the burner is connected with a burner nozzle; the interface of the burner nozzle is connected with a butane tank; the burner is connected with an air inlet; an air outlet is arranged at the other end of the burner; an ignition device is arranged in the burner; the hot end surface of the semiconductor temperature difference generating chip is fixedly connected with the outer side wall of the burner; and a radiating heat pipe is connected with the cold end surface of the semiconductor temperature difference generating chip. The radiating heat pipe is connected with the cold end surface of the semiconductor temperature difference generating chip through a heat conducting rubber brick, and radiating fins are arranged on the radiating heat pipe. The output terminal of the semiconductor temperature difference generating chip is connected with a storage battery through a controller; and the storage battery is provided with a power output terminal. The utility model has the advantage that the residual heat of the carbon dioxide combustion generator carried by a mosquito catcher can be utilized for generating electricity, thereby solving the power supply problem of the mosquito catcher during fieldwork.


Although income source is fundamental to international tax system, the U.S. source rules are seemingly ad hoc and lack a general conception of the idea of income source. This brief paper is a preliminary attempt to develop a general concept of source.


This study examined performance appraisal in selected Public hospitals in Enugu and Imo States of Nigeria. with a view to proferring solution to the problems identified. Survey research method was adopted. Data collected through questionnaire were analyzed using Z-test. Focus group discussion complemented data elicited from questionnaire. The findings revealed that performance apparaisal has positive effect on the staff of public hospitals in Enugu and Imo states of Nigeria. From the foregoing, the researchers recommended essentially the management of the hospitals studied and other related institutions should ensure that performance appraisal is devoid of nepotism and favouritism.


Objective
To analyze the relevant risk factors for restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of patients with Takayasu′s arteritis.

Methods
Clinical data of 43 patients undergoing percutaneous angioplasty due to Takayasu arteritis were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relevant risk factors for restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

Results
There were 9 males and 34 females. The mean age was 23 (18-33) years old, 59 times of PTA were performed, including 44 in renal artery, 9 in aorta, 2 in iliac and 2 in carotid artery, 1 in brachiocephalic trunk and 1 in left subclavian artery. The mean follow up time was (64±42) months. The rate of restenosis was 47.5%(28/59)and the mean time of restenosis was (23±27) months. The restenosis rate of aorta and iliac artery was 9.1%, that of renal artery was 52.3% and that of supra aortic artery was 100% . The rate of restenosis was higher in patients with symptoms of headache, syncope and low back pain, the elevated ESR and CRP increased the risk of restenosis (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that preoperative elevation of ESR and CRP were risk factors for restenosis after percutaneous angioplasty for Takayasu arteritis.

Conclusions
PTA was safe and effective in Takayasu arteritis involving aorta-iliac and renal artery, the elevated ESR and CRP was related to high risk of restenosis.

Key words:
Takayasu arteritis; Angioplasty; Endovascular therapy


Recent advances in the stochastic simulation of biological systems have exploited the weighted dependency di-graph as a compact representation of the computational workload. It was largely used to represent the causal relationships among reactions and then to determine their cause-effect implications. Although critical for several applications, the topology of the dependency graph has been little studied so far.

Here, we make use of some network topology indices to detect and characterize the important reactions of two real case studies. We measure the stability of such indices over time and make a case for considering them in parallel stochastic simulation.


Acceding to WTO,every sides of the economy in our country will have to bear the pressure and lash abroad,it is especially a more serious challenge to the agricultural production of our country,we must explore how to let the agricultural production in Linyi face the challenges and how to give play to its superiorities and how to remain successful in the keen international competition.


Background: According to the last report of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNOCD), opiate use (including heroin) is 1.2% of the world population. In Iran, about 2 million people are drug addicts. Heroin reduces gastric motility and prolongs gastric emptying time and causes gastric dilation which can be a reason for gastric ischemia. Gastric ischemia is an uncommon condition due to the rich gastric blood perfusion and collateral arteries. As some studies show, gastric dilation can be the cause of gastric necrosis. Methods: A 22-year-old woman presented to our hospital with severe abdominal pain and several episodes of vomiting. The patient declared that she had a history of addiction to methamphetamine and heroin. Abdominal examination revealed a soft and non-distended abdomen with generalized tenderness, mostly in the hypogastric region without rebound tenderness. Abdominal radiograph revealed that the stomach was highly distended. Abdominal CT without contrast confirmed severe gastric dilatation. In endoscopy, multiple necrotic lesions were seen throughout the stomach and mostly in the proximal part. Our finding in the laparotomy was gastric necrosis in the proximal part, which resulted in a total gastrectomy. Esophagojejunostomy was performed with roux en y reconstruction after total gastrectomy. Conclusion: Opioids can increase the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and can increase the risk of infection in the GI tract. In our case, heroin abuse caused gastric dilation and massive gastric necrosis.


I read with interest the article published by LIVRAMENTO et al. in your journal recently. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. HBV vaccination has changed the epidemiology in most countries in the world. LIVRAMENTO et al. reported the prevalence of HBsAg 0.76% and total anti-HBc 1.02%, respectively and the copositivity between HBsAg and total anti-HBc was verified in 0.76% of the analyzed samples. I would like to add some information regarding this subject. First of all I would like to draw the readers' attention to the fact that in Brazil, prevalence of HBV is much higher than reported by LIVRAMENTO et al.. However, it cannot be denied that the introduction of HBV vaccination in 1996 as a National Immunization Program in Brazil could impact the prevalence of the disease. To find the impact of HBV vaccination in the Brazilian community, in this study it was necessary to know the age of the infected cases. There were three cases with HBs Ag positivity, therefore we assume that they had been born before the introduction of the national immunization program in Brazil. It is recommended that the study be continued or be carried out in other parts of the country, to see if the result will be different. HBV is more common in people like prisoners and knowing the risk factors of the infected ones can help the policy makers to better design the strategies to control HBV infection in the community. Intensifying HB vaccination of high risk groups and surveillance of hepatitis B infected subjects will further decrease the frequency of the disease in Brazil. Fortunately no Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected cases were reported by LIVRAMENTO et al. which confirms that the risk factors for acquiring HCV in the Brazilian population is not high enough to detect the HCV infection in their study group.


This study was carried out to investigate the optimum ionic strength of nutrient solution were treated with a quarter, a half, three quarters, standard, one and half, and double ionic strength of balanced nutrient solution of Yamazaki solution recommended for cucumber plants. Plant height and number of leaves of growing period were rapidly increased in 1/2 ionic strength of nutrient solution. Growth characteristics of cucumber plant as affected by the different ionic strength of nutrient solution were not significant differences, however, in the growing period, plant height, stem length and leaf area were highest in 1/2 ionic strength of nutrient solution. Fruit yield of cucumber plant as affected by the different ionic strength of nutrient solution was not significant differences, however, fruit yield was highest in 1/2 ionic strength of the lowering ionic strength of nutrient solution. Nitrogen concentration was not significant differences, however, it was high corcentration in 1/2 ionic strength of nutrient solution. Growth and yield characteristic of cucumber as affected by 1/2 ionic strength of nutrient solution at 36 days transplanting analyzed correlation cofficient. Plant height showed positive correlated with number of plant and positive correlated with yield.


INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: The aim was to investigate the change of heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with CKD st. 5D in the correction of anemia with epoetin alfa. METHODS: We examined 28 patients with anemia treated by hemodialysis. We investigated the effect of treatment with epoetin alfa on HRV. HRV was measured according to internationally accepted guidelines before and after 3 month of correction of anemia epoetinom alpha in the patients with CKD st. 5D. Age of patients was 5465,1 years. RESULTS: Patients receiving treatment with epoetin alfa there was an improvement the time-frequency analysis of heart rate variability. Tabl. CONCLUSIONS: We determined improvement in the time-frequency analysis of heart rate variability in patients with CKD st. 5D. SP617 ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY WITH RENAL ANEMIA AND ERYTHROPOIETIN HYPORESPONSIVENESS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS


to encourage international commerce make it important to have such knowledge currently. The writer, in Novemnber i95o, requested information on their foreign holdings from more than a hundred American manufacturing corporations.2 Seventy-two companies supplied the data which are summarized in Table i. As of May I943, the Treasury study showed the foreign assets of American corporations and individuals with a 25 per cent interest or more in companies abroad, as amounting to $7,365,000,ooo. About 6,ooo corporations and indi-


Abstract Vehicular traffic has registered a phenomenal growth in the last few decades on Delhi roads, their increasing number is a cause of concern for city planners and administrators as they not only deteriorated the quality of environment but has also affected the human health. In this context, we studied the influence of traffic i.e., vehicular frequency on air quality of Delhi. Five sites were selected in four cardinal directions i.e., North, South, East, West and Centre for which data of air pollutants were already available in public domain (DPCC online website). Vehicular frequencies were recorded for Light Motor Vehicle (LMV) and Heavy Motor Vehicle (HMV) for both weekdays and weekends. Correlative analysis were carried out to study the relationship between vehicular frequency and air pollutants. The study showed, East of Delhi had the highest traffic load followed by North, West, South and Centre. We found statistically significant positive correlation between dust pollution, PM10 (r = 0.8) and PM2.5 (r = 0.6) with vehicular frequency while negative association with ozone (r = –0.5). A weak positive correlation was found with NOx (r = 0.2) while weak negative correlation with SO2 (r = –0.3). The study revealed that vehicular exhaust and their movement contribute in deteriorating the air quality of Delhi. Our findings suggest promotion of usage of public transport along with implementation of BS-VI stage vehicles and development of vegetation filters along the roads with native tree species.


Abstract In an attempt to extend the Edwards-Matthew (1957a) theory of π-N scattering to higher relativistic energy it was discovered that their evaluation of the fourth-order Feynman graphs required was incorrect, involving an expansion which fails to converge at the threshold of physical scattering energy. A new evaluation of these graphs is then carried through and the result substituted into their scattering formula. The new values do not show the agreement with experiment found in Edwards and Matthews' original results. A study of the Feynman graphs and the method of their evaluation are briefly described in ξ 2.


The consensus from the developmental literature examining children's intergroup attitudes has been that children as young as 3 years of age exhibit racial prejudice. We suggest, however, that as much of the developmental research has confounded ingroup positivity and outgroup negativity, it becomes difficult to determine whether young children are displaying ingroup bias or outgroup derogation. Furthermore, it appears that young children are not demonstrating hostility toward outgroups; studies that have separately assessed evaluations toward the ingroup and outgroup demonstrate that rather than evaluating the outgroup negatively, young children are demonstrating a positivity bias toward their ingroup. We propose, therefore, that young children are primarily utilizing a perceptually based lay theory that does not necessitate outgroup derogation. We argue, however, that children's lay theories are subject to social structural conditions and specific social transitions, and hence, can lead to the development of prejudice.


Bfore his paper obtains approval from the editors for publication,the author decides to withdraw the paper mainly because of the lack of his self-confidence and his contribution of the paper to several academic journals. The second reason lies in that the editors' sense of service is not strong enough and the communication between the editor and the author is not timely. Another reason is that the delay of publication of the paper by the periodical affects the effectiveness of delivery of the paper. And the last reason is that the journal is not attractive enough to the author because of its limitation of influence. The solutions to the withdrawal of the academic papers by the author before its publication are to take full advantage of the strengths of the paper,to implement contributor commitment system and to enhance the influence of the academic journal.


Small-scale vegetable growers in the Virgin Islands rely on sales of culinary herbs as one major source of income. In spite of the economic importance, culinary herbs are available only in local markets and do not constitute a significant export crop. There is little research information on sustainable crop management practices to improve production and marketing of herbs in the Virgin Islands. This project was undertaken to develop sustainable soil and crop management practices for culinary herbs using crop rotation with green manures, application of composts, animal manures, and mulching. Over a four-year period (1997-2000), results indicated that although there were no significant differences in fresh and dry matter yield, culinary herbs grown in rotation with tropical green manure crops such as sunnhemp (Crotolaria juncea) and hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) tended to produce higher yields than those grown with cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) or fallow (no green manure) suggesting that without chemical fertilizers, legume green manure crops can sustain economic yield levels of culinary herbs in a crop rotation system. Organic mulches such as grass straw, wood chips and shredded paper were excellent alternatives to synthetic (plastic) mulch. Additionally, organic mulch suppressed weeds, increased irrigation water use efficiency, reduced soil surface erosion, and improved economic returns. Yield of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) was improved by application of chicken manure, but application of either cow manure or turkey litter did not influence yield of chive (Allium schoenoprasum), cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), parsley (Petroselinum sativum), sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis) and thyme. INTRODUCTION Culinary herbs are aromatic plants grown and marketed fresh or dry, or dried for their extractable oils (Simon, 1990). Significant quantities of dried culinary herbs are imported annually into the U.S. Estimates by the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service showed that more than $349 million of dried condiments, seasonings and flavorings and $20 million of spice oleoresins were imported into the U.S. in 1988 (USDA, 1989). In recent years, consumption of culinary herbs and spices has steadily increased in the U.S. More Americans are consuming fresh, frozen, processed and dried culinary herbs and spices than before, and this trend will continue (Simon, 1990). Factors that account for increased consumption include interest in new foods and tastes, availability of more fresh herbs, advertising promotion by food services and institutional food chains, and expanding ethnic population demanding foods and flavorings of their homeland. Although the U.S. Virgin Islands is part of the Caribbean region, domestic production of culinary herbs does not contribute significantly to exports into the U.S. mainland. Major Proc. XXVI IHC – Future for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Eds. L.E. Craker et al. Acta Hort. 629, ISHS 2004 Publication supported by Can. Int. Dev. Agency (CIDA) 290 exporting countries are Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico and Trinidad. Culinary herbs are important horticultural crops in the U.S. Virgin Islands. In a 1988 survey, sales of herbs and spices constitute a major source of income for many small-scale growers in St. Thomas and St. Croix (Robles and French, 1988). In spite of their economic importance little research has been undertaken to improve field production, processing and marketing of herbs and spices. There are few research information and extension recommendation on efficient and sustainable cropping practices for growing herbs in the Virgin Islands. Some growers are already utilizing low-input management practices such as the use of organic manures and composts, however, most are still producing herbs using high inputs of chemical fertilizers and pesticides (Palada and Crossman, 1994). This management practice is neither ecologically sound nor sustainable since these inputs are not always available in a distant island. Furthermore, growers pay high costs for importing these inputs from the mainland due to added shipping costs. There is a demand from herb growers for information on recommended sustainable crop management practices, but is not met by extension service and the experiment station due to lack of research information. Information on sustainable and improved crop management practices for culinary herb production is scanty. Documented literatures on planting methods, fertilizer application, water requirement, weed, insect and disease control are few and limited. Some of the previous studies were focused on fertilizer application, irrigation and mulching. For example, integration of mulch with drip irrigation resulted in additional increase in water use efficiency and yield of basil (Palada et al., 1992; 1995). By adopting this system, herb growers can boost their income by 30 to 50 percent. Palada et al. (1993) reported that basil grown with organic mulch such as compost produced yields which were comparable or higher than synthetic (black plastic) mulch under drip irrigation. Davis (1994) found that the incidence of bacterial soft rot (Erwinia spp.) was highest in sweet and bush basil grown with wheat straw, but the disease was also high on sweet basil under black plastic mulch and bare ground. The effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield of Japanese mint was studied by Chattopadhyay et al. (1993). They reported that herbage, essential oil yield, nutrient uptake and soil available nutrients were significantly enhanced due to application of amended compost (mint-residue amended with starter nutrients, microbial culture and soil suspension) as compared to non-amended compost, farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer. Organic fertilized soils maintained significantly higher available nutrients throughout the crop growth period compared to inorganic fertilizer soils. Palada et al. (1994) compared the effects of organic and inorganic N fertilizers on yield of thyme and found that urea and cow manure were superior to ammonium nitrate in terms of total plant fresh yield. They concluded that urea and cow manure are best sources of N fertilizer for thyme production. This project was undertaken with the following objectives: 1) develop sustainable soil management practices for culinary herb production using crop rotation with green manures, application of composts, animal manures and other organic fertilizers; and 2) evaluate sustainable weed management methods for culinary herbs using organic mulches, cover crops, and biodegradable synthetic mulches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field experiments were conducted during the project period from 1996 to 2000. Experiments were established on research stations and on farmer cooperators' farm. Crop Rotation of Culinary Herbs with Tropical Legume Green Manures Field experiments were conducted at the University of the Virgin Islands Agricultural Experiment Station on St. Croix. The soil is Fredensborg loamy, fine carbonatic, isohyperthermic, shallow, typic calciustoll. The initial soil had an analysis of pH=7.65, organic matter=1.4 %, 38 ppm N, 487 ppm K, 19 ppm P, and a CEC of 30 meq/100 g. The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. The green manures consisted of sunnhemp (Crotolaria juncea), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata var. Sesquepedalis), hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) and a natural grass/broadleaf fallow. The green manure crops were established in June, 1996 and 1997. In each year the green manure crops were


The invention relates to a CO, CO2 and SO2 three-component infrared integrated gas sensor which comprises a shell, an infrared light source, a gas inlet, a gas outlet, a gas chamber, three groups of integrated detectors consisting of infrared measuring detectors with different particular wavelength light filters and infrared reference detectors with different particular wavelength light filters, a signal amplification processor, a temperature sensor, a singlechip system and an audible and visual alarm system. The gas sensor can be used for monitoring and detecting three gases such as CO, CO2 and SO2 simultaneously by utilizing selective absorption of CO, CO2 and SO2 gas molecules on infrared light, can stably and reliably operate in a severe environment for a long time, has high interference resistance, is simple in structure and convenient to operate and is capable of simultaneously detecting the three gases and storing data, and the processing cost is greatly reduced while the detection precision is further improved.


Varied facts that influence the furnace conducting pearlstones are discussed. The
new control algorithm is obtained according to theory analysis and field experiment.
And it is applied to practice.


Recent advancements have illustrated that threelevel representations of Boolean functions have smaller upper-bounds on the number of products than either sum-of-products or AND-XOR representations. In this work we apply the information available in the function's autocorrelation coefficients to the determination of such a representation. The autocorrelation coefficients highlight various aspects of the structure within a function, the presence of XOR logic being one of these. Based on two theorems relating the autocorrelation coefficients to XOR-based decompositions, we have developed a tool for identifying three-level decompositions. Results comparing this tool to existing three-level minimizers are very promising. This work represents the first step in an on-going effort to develop a complete and competitive three-level minimization tool; future work continues in the extension of this tool


An apparatus and method for controlling a clutch of a hybrid vehicle are provided. The method includes: setting, by a controller, a limited torque to a motor torque and comparing an input speed of the transmission and a minimum speed of the engine when converting from an EV driving mode to an HEV driving mode. The controller is configured to start the engine when the input speed of the transmission is equal to or greater than a minimum threshold point and is equal to or less than a minimum speed of the engine. Further, the method includes increasing the motor torque to exceed the preset limited torque, coupling the first clutch when the engine speed and a motor speed are synchronized, and coupling the second clutch when the input speed of the transmission exceeds the minimum speed of the engine by the controller.


A detailed portrait of Swedish immigrant life and culture in the Twin Cities of St. Paul and Minneapolis, told in 22 essays by leading scholars from the US and Sweden. Includes contributions from twenty-four leading scholars in both the United States and Sweden investigating various facets of Swedish life and culture in the Twin Cities. For these immigrants, many of whom had been farmers in the old country, the cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul were truly an urban frontier. The first-ever collection of essays on the subject, this book enhances our understanding of the immigrant experience in Minneapolis and St. Paul while also making an important contribution to the broader history of Swedish immigration to the United States.


Current machine translators have reached an unprecedented level of sophistication in dealing with not only isolated words, but also longer sentences and paragraphs. Despite the advances achieved in this field, several challenges remain to be resolved for machine translation (MT) to be on par with professional human translation, including the quality of grammar and context accuracy, pragmatics, relevance, choice of vocabulary and ability to translate large files effectively based on this list's criteria. Another extremely problematic area that we have observed is incorrect literal translation of English phrases, proverbs, idioms, figurative speech and cliches, which proves to be an issue with most current translation programs, even ones built using a phrase-based approach. Therefore, this study's objective was to develop a prototype of an English-Arabic MT engine, AccurIT, to address MTs' English-to-Arabic translation-accuracy issues in general. We compared the results of our tool against Google and Azure Translation Hub based on some excerpts from the legal realm to demonstrate AccurIT's efficacy, and the results are promising.


Abstract Indigenous peoples are often portrayed as vulnerable and at risk but, at the same time, as capable of adapting and surviving. Indeed, being active, responsible and persistent in the face of environmental and social challenges is a key facet of how indigenous peoples are perceived today. This special section seeks to open up a discussion on the ways in which this 'resilience' is increasingly inscribed in the understandings of indigeneity. The notion of infinite resilience is an integral part of the exceptionality that defines indigeneity in various political, legal and cultural sites. The articles in this special section examine various conceptions of resilience and the possibilities they offer for analysing the position of indigeneity in the contemporary world.


Research models that bridge disciplinary, theoretical, and methodological boundaries are increasingly common as funders and the public push for effective responses to pressing social problems. Although social work is inherently an integrative discipline, there is growing recognition of the need to better prepare emerging scholars for sophisticated transdisciplinary and translational research environments. This article outlines a developmental, competency-oriented approach to enhancing the readiness of doctoral students and emerging scholars in social work and allied disciplines for transdisciplinary research, describes an array of pedagogical tools applicable in doctoral course work, and urges coordinated attention to enhancing the field's transdisciplinary training capacity.


This study aims to determine the effect of macroeconomic factors on the JII during the 2015-2019 period. Macroeconomic factors in this study include the rate of return for Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificates (SBIS), the IDR / USD Exchange Rate, and Inflation. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the official website of Bank Indonesia. The type of data used is quantitative data. All variable data taken is in the form of monthly time series data from January 2015 to December 2019. This research is a quantitative study with a descriptive approach. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression using the WarpPLS 7.0 program. The results of this study indicate that partially rate of return for Bank Indonesia Syariah Certificates (SBIS), IDR/USD exchange rate, and inflation have a negative and significant effect on the JII.


1 An elaboration of a presentation at the Berea Kentucky, Conference, the "Role of Religion in the Public Schools." October 18, 1954


Many object-oriented methodologies give the impression that the process of taking a completed design and implementing it is mechanistic, even trivial. Instead software engineers find in practice that there are a large number of decisions still to be taken even after the specification and design are complete. This is particularly true when the implementation language for the product is designed to allow the widest possible range of implementation choices; so it is particularly true when the implementation language is C++. This paper describes some of the implementation issues faced by one project, and examines some of the additional personal role that aided their resolution. The project under development was an embedded system performing protocol conversion and database caching, part of a network management system. >


We extend previous work on linear MMSE (minimum mean square error) SISO (soft-in/soft-out) equalizers for turbo equalization to the case of fractional sampling of the received signal. We present a time-recursive algorithm also for this case. Special attention is paid to the influence of the receiver filter preceeding the sampler.


There are two different types of causes for the Vishama Jvara(irregular or intermittent fever), Agantuja (External factors) and Svabhavaja Hetu(internal factors). Apart from these various Jvara Nidana(etiology of fever) such as Samanya Jvara Nidana (general aetiology of fever ) as told in Sushruta Samhita and Sannipatika Jvara Nidana(aetiology of fever caused by Tridosha) as told by Charaka Samhita also play a role in onset of Vishama Jvara(irregular or intermittent fever). The present study is divided into two parts; conceptual study and observational study. The severity of the malarial infection depends upon the duration and type of Plasmodium strain. Malarial fever may be considered as one of the fever mentioned within the spectrum of Vishama Jvara.(Irregular or intermittent fever) The Dosha vitiation occurring in the patient due to the Mityahara – Viharadi (unwholesome diet and activities)may be considered as the Samavayi Hetu (intimate cause) for Vishama Jvara (irregular/ intermittent fever), Dosha –Dooshya Samurchana (interaction of Dosha and Doosya)will be the Asamavayi Hetu (non-intimate cause) and Krimi or Bhootabhishanga(microbes) may be considered as the Nimitha Hetu (instrumental cause) for Vishama Jvara (irregular or intermittent fever).


New tactical communications systems are often required to be able to support independent operations on several channels simultaneously where each channel may be operating at a different level of security classification. Maintaining the separation of these channels from a security integrity perspective is possible using a MSLS approach. Using this approach, all communication paths are confined to a single set of closely connected resources.


The b -herpesvirus CMV induces a substantial and progressive expansion of virus-specific memory CD8 T cells, which protect the host against viral reactivation from latency. In this paper, we report that this expansion, or "inflation," of memory T cells is amplified dramatically during mouse CMV infection of IL-10 knockout (IL-10 2 / 2 ) mice. T cells from IL-10 2 / 2 mice were oligoclonal, exhibited a highly activated phenotype, expressed antiviral cytokines, and degranulated in response to cognate Ag encounter ex vivo. Moreover, latent viral load was reduced in IL-10 2 / 2 mice. Importantly, these results were recapitulated by IL-10R blockade during chronic/latent infection of wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that regulatory immune mechanisms can influence CMV-specific T cell memory and suggest a possible rationale for the acquisition of functional IL-10 orthologs by herpesviruses. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 185: 3583–3592. blue (BD Pharmingen), anti–CD19- FITC, or anti–CD11b-PE-Cy7 prior to permeabilization and intracellular staining with anti–IFN- g -FITC (CD4 analysis only) and anti–IL-10- allophycocyanin (all eBioscience). The percent virus-specific cytokine production by CD4 T cells was calculated as described for CD8 T cells. To assess APC accumulation, unstimulated splenocytes and lung leukocytes were incubated with Fc block and then stained with anti–CD11b- allophycocyanin-Cy7 (BD Pharmingen), anti–CD11c-PE-Cy7 (BD Phar-mingen), anti-MHC class II-PE-Cy5 (eBioscience), anti–F4/80-Pacific blue (BioLegend, San Diego, CA), anti–Gr1-FITC (BioLegend), and anti–7/4-PE (Serotec, Oxford, U.K.). To examine the expression of surface molecules by MCMV-specific CD8 T cells, 1 3 10 6 splenocytes were incubated with Live/Dead Fixable Aqua (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), followed by Fc block, then stained with H-2K b tetramers loaded with M38, m139, or IE3 peptides. Cells were then stained with anti–CD3-PerCP-Cy5.5 (BD Pharmingen), anti–CD8-allophycocyanin-H7 (BD Pharmingen), and either anti–CD44-FITC (BioLegend), anti–CD62L- PE-Cy7 (Abcam), and anti–CD122-PE (eBioscience) or anti–killer cell lectin-likereceptorsubfamilyGmember1(KLRG-1)-FITC(SouthernBiotechnologyAssociates,Birmingham,AL),anti–CD27-PE(eBioscience),andanti–CD127-Pacificblue(eBioscience).AlldatawereacquiredoneitheraBDFACSCantoIIoramodified


The competence of an educator is the main key to the success of a lesson. The problems that exist in schools partner are that educators complain about the low numeracy skills of students and the minimal use of technology in learning. Teachers are the main key to the success of nursery human resources. Teachers are required to be more creative, innovative and inspiring in designing quality learning activities to welcome Indonesia's golden generation, especially in learning mathematics. Digital-based learning media can attract students to be more enthusiastic about learning mathematics. One of the software that can be used to develop mathematics learning media is the Lectora Inspire software. In order to develop a technology-assisted learning media, educators' digital competencies really need to be built so that educators can be more creative in creating interesting and not boring learning. Therefore, a teacher competency development assistance is needed, where a forum for the development of pedagogic and professional competencies for teachers at SMPN 6 Tanggul in Kramat Sukoharjo Village. Community service activities are packaged by applying the ADDIE (Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation) training model. Based on the results of the pretest and posttest, the percentage of N-Gain was 76%. Based on the category of interpretation of the effectiveness of N-Gain, the value is included in the effective category because it meets the value of . That is, learning media based on lecturera inspire is effective in increasing student understanding.


One of the guarantees of the social and democratic rule of law that is focused in the information society is that the benefits of the Information and Communication technology- ICTs are accessible to all citizens on an equal footing. The ICT sector is quite dense for having a large number of subsectors continually evolving, generating a significant amount of data running through the networks to user mobile terminals. Which of them should regulation intervene? In which should not intervene, allowing the deregulation to take action for proper development of technology and more healthy competition that involves more penetration of the goods and services that the market demands enabling the reduction of the technological gap between citizens?


Medicinal plants form the major natural resources base of the Indian indigenous health care tradition. Approximately 10% of the organic constituents of plants are reported to be known and remaining 90% are yet to be explored. Due to global popularity of Ayurveda there is constant increase in demand of herbal drugs in last few decades thus exerting huge pressure on natural resources. In the medicinal plants, the secondary metabolites or active principle are made available through properly executed harvesting techniques. The scientificity behind ancient Ayurvedic harvesting techniques narrated by Acharya Charaka, Sushruta etc. are also proven by modern scientific methods. To attain a good requisite therapeutic result it is mandatory to collect the drug bestowed with optimum Rasaveeryadi qualities. In Ayurvedic literature, drug collection has been mentioned according to different parts of the plant in respective seasons, Nakshatras, Veeryas on the basis of therapeutic uses. According to Modern science, drugs possess highest potentiality during its collection period. The climate, temperature, rain fall, duration of day light, altitude, methods of cultivation, effect of lunar cycle, collection from wild area, soil condition and methods of collection, processing and storage have impact on the secondary metabolites of the plant ultimately which affect the therapeutic efficiency of the drug.


OBJECTIVES
Propionibacterium acnes is increasingly recognized as a cause of delayed infection after spinal instrumentation or shunting for hydrocephalus. Biofilm development by this organism has recently been demonstrated. We therefore investigated the effect of two different courses of three antibiotics (penicillin, rifampicin and linezolid) on mature P. acnes biofilms in vitro. Outcomes were eradication or regrowth after withdrawal of antibiotics, simulating successful treatment and relapse.

METHODS
P. acnes biofilms were grown on titanium discs for 6 days until mature, then exposed to the antibiotics for either 7 or 14 days before sonication and culture. Further, discs were similarly exposed, but after each course, they were reincubated for a further 9 days to check for regrowth.

RESULTS
Penicillin, linezolid and linezolid plus rifampicin eradicated P. acnes biofilms after 14 days, but only penicillin had this effect after 7 days. 'Relapse' was prevented only by 14 day courses of penicillin or linezolid plus rifampicin, but not by linezolid alone.

CONCLUSIONS
For P. acnes spinal instrumentation infections, either penicillin or linezolid plus rifampicin might be equally effective. For shunt infections, as penicillin does not give therapeutic cerebrospinal fluid concentrations, rifampicin plus linezolid might be the treatment of choice. Linezolid alone appears not to be as effective as penicillin against P. acnes biofilms.


The paper introduced the preparation of a new water_soluble extreme pressure agent applied to processing of metals. The triple_extreme_pressure agent was compounded through TL_type stable controller with single_extreme_pressure agents containing sulphur, phosphor and boron separately. The new one has many characters, e.g.water_solubility, extreme pressure, lubricity, anirust and stability.


The article deals with the principal approaches to the integrated studying of creativity in teaching practice of the teachers to be. The system, activity, personal, creative, axiological, optimization approaches are investigated. The idea of creativity is defined, the preferentialcareer approach to the studying of the professional activity of the teachers to be is suggested.


The paper proposes a new venture growth model to examine the co-evolution between opportunity recognition, resource deployment and organizational development along with three development stages. Using Phison Electronics Corp., a fast-growing new venture as a case study, the paper analyzes the growth strategies in the three stages (incubation, start-up and IPO). The results reveal that the model works well in the case. In the incubation phase, the new venture works in an informal form and has little resource to exploit a new opportunity. In the start-up phase, the strategic partnership and functional organization building are helpful to discover a new market and product. In the IPO phase, as the resource grows, the new venture develops towards the vertical integration and conglomeration. The paper concludes that the adaptive capabilities along different stages are critical to manage the fast-growing new venture.


To transport low-noise Radio Frequency (RF) signals within a MicroTCA.4 Crate a new RTM backplane is invented as an optional extension to the 9U crate standard. The RTM backplane is equipped with links for high precision RF and Clock signals for the μRTM, therefore it is also called an RFBackplane. In combination with this backplane new extended RTMs (eRTM) and RTM Power Modules (RTM-PM) can be operated. Up to four 6 HP wide eRTMs can be installed behind the front Power Modules and the MCH Modules. The RTMPMs deliver managed low-noise separated analog bipolar power (+VV, -VV) for the RTMs and unipolar power for the eRTMs. This paper covers one of the eRTMs which is a Backplane Management module for the rear side (MCH-RTM-BM) designed to manage these new features. The MCH-RTM-BM will manage the RTM backplane connectivity for up to 12 μRTMs, 3 eRTMs and 2 RTM-PMs. For this purpose the MCH-RTM-BM is working together with the already existing NAT-MCH-PHYS. In addition the MCH-RTM-BM is connected to the eRTMs via LVDS links. These links can be user defined and are managed with a User Logic on the Backplane Management Module. This User Logic consists of a microcontroller with an FPGA.


Blockchain technology has attracted great attention in various fields because of its advantages of distributed network. Its rational application in enterprise's financial activities can optimize financial processes and control operating costs; improve the quality of financial information, reduce information asymmetry; promote the transformation and progress of financial personnel. But there may be difficulties in the practical application of new technology, and this paper will put forward feasible solutions based on these problems.


Objective
To explore the practicability and reproducibility of judgment method and assessment indexes for the end point of double eyelid surgery using 4+ 1 photography in supine position.

Methods
From 2017 October to 2018 October, 158 patients were included and randomly divided into 2 groups. Photos were taken by 4 + 1 photography in supine position of 79 patients, while other 79 patients in control group were evaluated by traditional observation. By 4+ 1 photography in supine position, the surgeon stood at the head side of the patient, taking photos with eyes movement: looking straight forward, looking up, looking downward and eye-closed. It was to observe the upper eyelid creases, upper and lower tissues of double eyelid creases, and upper and lower eyelid margo palpebrae. In addition, the surgeon looked from patient′s feet to observe the indexes such as upper margo palpebrae, to make a decision whether the surgery could finish. In control group, the surgeon observed the upper eyelid creases, upper and lower tissues of double eyelid creases and upper and lower eyelid margo palpebrae. The patient has to sit if necessary.

Results
All 158 patients were performed double eyelid surgery successfully. Average times of valuating end point was 1.20 by 4+ 1 Photography in supine position, and 1.53 in control group. The operation time of 4+ 1 photography group is (151.65±21.58) s, and control group were (241.53±33.53) s. The satisfaction level was increased to 89.87% in 4+ 1 photography group, compared to 78.48% in control group.

Conclusions
The 4+ 1 Photography method is simple and easy to practice. The observation indexes are accurate and comprehensive. It is useful in determining the end point of double eyelid plasty in supine position.

Key words:
Double eyelid surgery; Photography; End point


PLASTICIZERS are important materials in the manufacture of plastics from synthetic resins. They are added to the resins to introduce new physical properties. Selection of the proper plasticizer may decrease the brittleness, improve the flow or change the melting point of the resin. Dermatitis occurs in workers engaged in the manufacture of synthetic resins and in persons using the finished materials. In a comprehensive survey of the subject, Schwartz 1 wrote of the causation of dermatitis from these resins. He stated that dermatitis was of frequent occurrence among workers in the industry, but was not usually caused by the finished product. He expressed the belief that the usual causes of dermatitis were the basic materials from which the resin was made, the incompletely condensed resin, the uncombined components and the catalysts or the by-products. For example, during the manufacture of any phenol-formaldehyde resin the phenol or the formaldehyde may cause


Three factors that potentially influence fruit set (breeding system, inadequate cross-pollination and variable floral display) were examined for two species of Banksia. Firstly, self-pollination and autogamy treatments failed to produce any fruit in B. spinulosa and produced very few fruit in B. paludosa. This suggests that cross pollen is required to produce the level of fruit set observed in the field. Secondly, when plants were given abundant cross pollen, fruit set was not altered in B. spinulosa but was in B. paludosa. Although the number of follicles per inflorescence was was not different for open- pollinated (control) and manipulated B. paludosa inflorescences, the latter produced twice the proportion of inflorescences with follicles produced by control plants and twice the total number of follicles per plant. Thirdly, larger floral display in open-pollinated B. spinulosa plants was associated with a greater production of fruit. However, larger floral display was not associated with a greater reproductive output in B. paludosa, and we suggest that recurrent pollen-limitation in this species may be responsible for this result.


Pediatric femoral fractures constitutes less than 2%
of all fractures in children and management of these fractures either by conservative or operative methods are determined by many variables. Initial traction followed by delayed hip spica application is one of the non-operative treatment option for femoral shaft fractures in children below 6 years of age.
Selection of an appropriate size Thomas splint to provide an effective initial traction plays a vital role in this treatment aspect. But there is paucity of commercially available Thomas splints of appropriate size for pediatric population. As a solution to address these problems, we share our experience of modified Thomas splints which are made using some of the easily available and reusable parts of Ilizarov apparatus


The advancement of time and technology that continues to develop brings enormous changes to various sectors of life today. This change is the presence of new innovations in digital-based financial and payment systems, namely the presence of e-wallets. The purpose of this study is to determine the consumption behavior of students in utilizing digital wallets, whether using a digital wallet makes them consumptive or can plan their finances in the future. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method. The research results show that the use of digital wallets has an influence on student consumptive behavior. This can be seen from the consumption behavior of students in utilizing digital wallets. where students use digital wallets to fulfill all their needs, be it shopping online, paying electricity bills, credit, data, then ordering online transportation, ordering food and drinks and so on.
Keyword : consumption behavior, digital wallet, and students