ASELSAN Inc. has been conducting experimental research on electromagnetic (EM) launch technologies since 2014. First-generation 1-MJ and second-generation 3.25-MJ pulsed power supplies (PPSs) were built and tested with 25 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times25$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm square bore EM Launcher-1 (i.e., Elektromanyetik Fırlatma Yolu-1: EMFY-1) EM Launcher at an open area test range by ASELSAN. In 2018, ASELSAN built an EM launch laboratory to perform experiments up to 2-MJ muzzle energy. The stored energy of the second-generation PPSs will be increased to 8 MJ, and the new 50 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times50$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm square bore EMFY-2 and 50 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times75$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm rectangular bore EMFY-3 EM launchers will be used. We present the ASELSAN EM Launch Laboratory and the results of the first EMFY-2 EM launcher shoot fed by 3.25-MJ PPS at the laboratory.


We propose a method for generation of multiparty entangled states in an Ising spin chain with nearest neighbour interactions and periodic global pulses of magnetic field. We consider an integrable and a nonintegrable Floquet system that are periodic in time and have constant quasi-energy gaps with degeneracies. We start with simple product initial states and show that they evolve into states with high entanglement by calculating the average entanglement entropy and geometric measure of entanglement. We show that some of these states have a high number of parties involved in the entanglement by calculating the quantum Fisher information. Such controlled generation of multipartite entanglement has applications in quantum information processing.


In this paper, constraints on technology choice and credit access are introduced into a firm‐level trade model in a dynamic setting in order to explain factors that limit benefits to a firm from trade liberalization. Theoretical analysis shows that firms face credit constraints depending on their initial productivity and the cost of credit. As a result, credit‐constrained firms may not be able to cross the minimum productivity threshold needed to enter and compete in a foreign market. Empirical analysis using firm‐level panel data for six Latin American countries confirms that financial constraints negatively influence firms' export and investment decisions.


patients with CD to inform effective strategies to optimize preparation quality and experiences in this cohort. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL to identify all studies examining bowel preparation for colonoscopy in patients with IBD. Studies were included if they comprised patients$18 years of age with CD and were available in full-text. Study design, geographic location, patient population, sample size, outcomes, and if applicable, bowel preparation formulations, were extracted from each study. Results: 845 studies were identified, of which 10 met inclusion criteria. The studies were performed in the U.S. (2), Australia (1), and Europe (7) between 1993-2020. The number of CD patients analyzed in each study ranged from 44-618. 6 studies investigated bowel preparation formulations in patients with IBD, of which 3 compared outcomes between patients with and without IBD and 3 compared bowel preparations within a cohort of IBD patients. The remaining 4 studies surveyed IBD patients to assess factors related to colonoscopy including: acceptability (1), adherence (1), self-efficacy (1), and burden, embarrassment, pain, and overall satisfaction (1). Lower volume preparations were generally better tolerated by IBD patients. Acceptability of colonoscopy was poor with bowel preparation cited as the leading cause of lack of acceptability and adherence, and also the most burdensome aspect of the procedure. Conclusion: Studies of bowel preparation for colonoscopy for CD patients are limited and outcomes are largely analyzed for IBD patients as a whole (ulcerative colitis and CD) rather than CD alone. It remains unknown if specific features of CD, such as fistulas, strictures, and prior surgeries, may impact outcomes related to bowel preparation for colonoscopy in this cohort. Future studies should specifically investigate bowel preparation for patients with CD with consideration of disease activity and phenotype.


In order to further investigate the role of ClC-2(ClC=chloride-ion channel) played in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, the capablity of ClC-2 phosphorylation catalyzed by mitogen-activated protein ki-nase(MAPK) was studied. A mutation of 659Ser to Ala(S659A) of the rabbit ClC-2 cDNA in the consensus sequence of MAPK phosphorylation was introduced by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Recombinant vectors pGEX-4T-1/ClC-2-2CT and pGEX-4T-1/ClC-2CT(S659A) were constructed. They were transformed to E. coli BL21, expressed by isopropy-β-D-thiogalactoside(IPTG) induction, the recombinant proteins were subjected to purification by glutathione sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. In vitro phosphorylation of the fusion proteins catalyzed by MAPK was performed. The results show that fusion protein GST/ClC-2CT(wild type) can be phosphorylated by MAPK, and this phosphorylation can be restrained by the inhibitor p42/44MAPK, PD98095; while the phosphorylation level of fusion protein GST/ClC-2CT(S659A)(mutant) was significantly reduced. Therefore, ClC-2 can be phosphorylated by MAPK and the target site of the phosphorylation is most likely the 659Ser residue.


Botulinum toxin is the product of fermentation of Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic Gram positive. Commercially, there botulinum toxin in Forms A and B, biological agents obtained in laboratory. Arguably, the botulinum toxin can selectively weaken painful muscles, interrupting the spasm pain cycle. With regard to pain, several publications have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin in the treatment of tension-type headache, migraine, chronic back pain and myofascial pain. It has for many years considered a disease promoter. At present it is considered a versatile therapeutic agent for the treatment of muscle disorders. The objective of this study was to demonstrate through a case report the application of botulinum toxin, its effectiveness and its side effects in the treatment of myofascial pain in dentistry. It was concluded that in this case, the botulinum toxin alone was not effective treatment.


Loland, A., Aldrin, M., Ona, E., Hjellvik, V., and Holst, J. C. 2007. Estimating and decomposing total uncertainty for survey-based abundance estimates of Norwegian spring-spawning herring. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: -.A method is developed to quantify the uncertainty of abundance and age-specific abundance estimates of Norwegian spring-spawning herring, accounting for the combined effect of several error sources. We present an abundance estimate adjusted for vessel avoidance, acoustic shadowing, and depth-dependent target strength, and highlight the potentially dramatic combined effect of these adjustments. Uncertainty in this estimate is affected by the precision of the adjustment formulae as well as by the sampling errors in acoustic and trawl measurements. This total uncertainty is decomposed into contributions from each source. Here, the method is applied to data from surveys on the overwintering stock in the Vestfjord system and off Vesteraalen in northern Norway in November/December of the years 2001-2004.


Knowing the properties of the Martian magnetotail flapping waves is critical to understand the dynamics of the Martian induced magnetosphere. Based on the measurements by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN and a newly developed method, we provide the first quantitative study of Martian magnetotail flapping waves in comparison with Earth's magnetotail flapping waves. We found that the period of Martian magnetotail flapping waves ranges from ∼50 to ∼250 s. The estimated average wave amplitude is ∼380 km, and the wavelength is ∼1,100 km. The estimated propagation speed ranges from ∼3 to ∼30 km/s, which is about a third of that of Earth's magnetotail flapping waves, and the speed declines with the increase of the current sheet thickness. Intriguingly, we found that the flapping waves with shorter periods, or lower wavelengths, can propagate faster, showing similar dispersive signatures as that found in the Earth's magnetotail. Our results demonstrate that the fluctuated field energy carried by flapping waves within unit time along unit magnetotail length is one order higher than that of Earth's flapping waves, as normalized by the magnetic energy of planetary magnetotail. Thus, in comparison with Earth's magnetotail, the flapping waves of Martian induced magnetotail would play a more important role in affecting the magnetotail dynamics.


Adsorption studies on the promoted and unpromoted iron catalysts were conducted with 1Hz: 1CO, 1Hz: 2CO and 2Hz : 1CO mixtures using a thermal conductivity meter for analysis. Kinetic studies indicated that initially adsorbed hydrogen was partly displaced by carbon monoxide below 53°C. At higher temperatures, the displacement of hydrogen did not occur. The amounts of the adsorbed hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased concomitantly, with all the three mixtures. During the equilibrium studies, it was observed that with an increase in temperature, the amount of hydrogen adsorbed increased, but the increase in the adsorption of carbon monoxide was less prominent. On the unpromoted catalyst, at 97°C, the Hz: CO ratio in the adsorbed phase was 1: 1.4 with the 1Hz : 1CO and 1Hz : 2CO mixtures but was 2: 1 with 2Hz : 1CO mixture. This ratio, however, decreased nearly to 1 : 2 with all the mixtures on the promoted catalyst. The higher adsorption of carbon monoxide with the promoted catalyst is attributed to be responsible for the differences in the behaviour of the catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It is also proH OH "'/ posed that a surface complex of the type R-C-M is formed initially on both the catalysts and this complex initiates the reaction.


Based on the statistics of 11-match videos of the Chinese team in the Ninth women's volleyball world cup,overall comparative analysis has been conducted with attention to the statistical results 11 matches between the Chinese team and foreign volleyball teams,and between the Chinese team and runner-up,the Brazilian team and the third place,the American team.In general,the Chinese first attacker and counterattack are better,however,there are more faults in defends,net blocks and services,especially the serving overall level needs to be improved further.


This paper reflects on the interconnection between studio and factory production as the merging and metamorphosis of my printmaking practice. Specifically, the 'process of correspondence' (Ingold, 2013) in the making of multi-block matrices prior to factory printing.
In 2020, Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo funded my artistic research, to embody 'material empathy as the physicality of craft' (Shales, 2017) in the manufacture of a multi-block printed wallcovering. How did first-hand knowledge of factory production impact my studio practice? What new insights into printmaking were revealed through the delimitations of manufacturing?


Abstract Atmospheric processes involve both space and time. Thus, humans looking at atmospheric imagery can often spot important signals in an animated loop of an image sequence not apparent in an individual (static) image. Utilizing such signals with automated algorithms requires the ability to identify complex spatiotemporal patterns in image sequences. That is a very challenging task due to the endless possibilities of patterns in both space and time. Here, we review different concepts and techniques that are useful to extract spatiotemporal signals from meteorological image sequences to expand the effectiveness of AI algorithms for classification and prediction tasks. We first present two applications that motivate the need for these approaches in meteorology, namely the detection of convection from satellite imagery and solar forecasting. Then we provide an overview of concepts and techniques that are helpful for the interpretation of meteorological image sequences, such as (a) feature engineering methods using (i) meteorological knowledge, (ii) classic image processing, (iii) harmonic analysis, and (iv) topological data analysis; (b) ways to use convolutional neural networks for this purpose with emphasis on discussing different convolution filters (2D/3D/LSTM-convolution); and (c) a brief survey of several other concepts, including the concept of "attention" in neural networks and its utility for the interpretation of image sequences and strategies from self-supervised and transfer learning to reduce the need for large labeled datasets. We hope that presenting an overview of these tools—many of which are not new but underutilized in this context—will accelerate progress in this area.


The use of molten salts for large-scale solar concentrated power plants and molten salt reactors has been driving the research to better understand how metals and alloys interact with the molten salt. As the metals may undergo morphological, chemical, and structural change in molten salt environments, it is critical to understand the fundamental mechanisms in these changes. In this work, we will present how we utilized synchrotron X-ray nano-tomography to better understand the 3D morphological evolution of Ni, Cr, and their alloys in molten salt.
 The effects of temperature and additives in the salt on the morphological evolution will be discussed. At the higher temperature, a characteristic bicontinuous structure can form from molten salt dealloying a binary alloy. [1] This contrasts to the intergranular corrosion found in the same system reacted at a lower temperature. [2] Different additives in the salt were also found to alter the morphological changes of the alloys and can create planar corrosion, percolation dealloying, or redeposition.
 To complement the morphological studies by X-ray nano-tomography, a suite of X-ray and electron microscopy analyses were also carried out to better understand the chemical and structural (both short-and long-range ordering) evolution. Taking it as a multimodal approach, we will discuss how we couple the analysis from synchrotron operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy, diffraction, and imaging, as well as the multiscale imaging studies from both X-ray and electron microscopy.

 This work was supported as part of the Molten Salts in Extreme Environments (MSEE) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science.

 References:

 [1] "Formation of three-dimensional bicontinuous structures via molten salt dealloying studied in real-time by in situ synchrotron X-ray nano-tomography" Xiaoyang Liu, Arthur Ronne*, Lin-Chieh Yu, Yang Liu, Mingyuan Ge, Cheng-Hung Lin, Bobby Layne, Phillip Halstenberg, Dmitry S. Maltsev, Alexander S. Ivanov, Stephen Antonelli, Sheng Dai, Wah-Keat Lee, Shannon M. Mahurin, Anatoly I. Frenkel, James F. Wishart, Xianghui Xiao & Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart* Nature Communications (2021), DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23598-8
 [2] "Visualizing time-dependent microstructural and chemical evolution during molten salt corrosion of Ni-20Cr model alloy using correlative quasi in situ TEM and in situ synchrotron X-ray nano-tomography" Kaustubh Bawane, Xiaoyang Liu, Ruchi Gakhar, Michael Woods, Mingyuan Ge, Xianghui Xiao, Wah-Keat Lee, Philip Halstenberg, Sheng Dai, Shannon Mahurin, Simon M. Pimblott, James F. Wishart, Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart*, Lingfeng He* Corrosion Science (2021), DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109962


In this paper we continue with the study in any characteristic of equisingularity in codimension 1 started in [G-M]. The whclly general concept of equivalent singularities for plane curves introduced in [G-M] and [G-S], allows us to set out equisingularity in codimenson 1 in the case of positive characteristic, even in the non- equicharac-teristic and non-reduced cases. In this situation, we show the natural algebraic properties of equisingularity in codimension 1: good beharvior by monoidal dilatations, equisingularity of all special sections, characterization of the singular locus, etc. We also prove an equisingularity criterion which coincides with Lemma of [A2].


This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the STEM Education & Professional Studies at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in STEMPS Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Repository Citation Katsioloudis, Petros and Moye, Johnny J., "Future Critical Issues and Problems Facing Technology and Engineering Education in the Commonwealth of Virginia" (2012). STEMPS Faculty Publications. 34. http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/stemps_fac_pubs/34


Neuronal migration defects are rare causes of seizure disorder and developmental problems. Schizencephaly the most severe form is an extremely rare entity. Presentation and outcome of schizencephaly are variable, but it typically presents with hemiparesis, seizures and developmental deficits. Usually the severity of symptoms is related to the amount of the brain affected by the abnormality. Appropriate diagnosis of the disease is necessary to avoid incorrect treatment. Here we report a rare case of closed lip schizencephaly.


Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are induced by interleukin-27 (IL-27) and have critical roles in the control of autoimmunity and resolution of inflammation. Here, we show that the transcription Corresponding author: Vijay Kuchroo (email@example.com). Accession codes GSE92994, GSE92940 COMPETING FINANCIAL INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests. AUHTOR CONTRIBUTIONS KK planned, performed and analyzed all biological experiments and wrote the manuscript. ERM designed and actuated computational analyses for RNA-seq/ATAC-seq, contributed to interpretation of the results and writing of the manuscript. MP prepared ATAC-seq libraries, coordinated sequencing with the NYUMC genomics core, contributed to interpretation of the results and general discussion. AM, NY, XC, AW and NC contributed to computational analysis. IW prepared RNA-seq libraries and coordinated sequencing. AA provided reagents and advice. AR developed and undertook transcriptional analysis of IL-27 induced Tr1 cells. RB contributed to computational analysis, interpretation of the results and writing of the manuscript. DL advised and provided insight into the analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analysis. VKK supervised the study and wrote the manuscript. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Nat Immunol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 April 16. Published in final edited form as: Nat Immunol. 2017 April ; 18(4): 412–421. doi:10.1038/ni.3683. A uhor M anscript


With the rapid development of the modern economy and society, the pace of work, study and life in the workplace is becoming increasingly fast, and with it, various kinds of pressure. China is in a period of transition, with a rapidly devel-oping economy and increasingly diverse values causing spiritual anxiety, lack of faith and emotional confusion. The current EAP can be implemented within the scope of appropriate activities to give employees a comfortable and relaxed working environment to improve cohesion, employee motivation, and thus overall performance and image. The Employee Assistance Programme (EAP) is a set of systematic long-term employee services and welfare programmes set up by companies for their employees, which help to solve the psychological and behavioural problems that plague them through professional counselling and training. This paper introduces some of the existing relevant studies and provides a detailed ex-planation and description of the concept definition, development history and relevant theories of employee help programmes.


A new efficient capillary zone electrophoresis(CZE) method was established for the first time to determine the dissociation constant(pKa) of acetic acid and monochloroacetic acid.The electroosmotic flow of acetic acid and monochloroacetic acid in the buffer solution of a certain range of pH value was thus separately marked with a neutral marker and the signal of sudden change of current,and the effective mobility curves within a suitable pH range were mea-sured.This,in combination with the regression analysis and fitting of relevant measurement data,makes it feasible to determine the pKa values of acetic acid and monochloroacetic acid.As-measured results are in good agreement with those in literature,which indicates that the present approach can be well adopted to determine the pKa value of to-be-tested compounds with ease,speediness,and reliability.


The interview concerns, first, Frank Ankersmit's last book on Sublime Historical Experience and, second, his ideas on political philosophy and his opinions on the current political situation of the European Union. In the first part Ankersmit clarifies several ambiguities concerning his notion of historical experience. How does it relate to the transcendental epistemology? Where does the sublimity of experience come from? What does its relationship with the empiricist model of experience look like? Why is it able to overcome the traditional separation of subject and object? What is the difference between subjective and collective experience? The interviewee also explains the role of historical experience in Western history and historiography. He discusses the positive role it has played and still may play in historical writing, arguing for a more romanticized approach towards the past. Afterwards Ankersmit elucidates his main ideas on political philosophy and the role and nature of political representation, expressing his critical attitude towards 'scientific' politics. He speaks about his engagement in Dutch politics, issues concerning the recent privatization of the public sphere, the phenomenon of Quangos and the significance of the state. He also comments on the failed European Constitution and the problems of political responsibility Europe is presently facing. At the end Ankersmit expresses his views on the future of the European Union, pondering several possible solutions to its current predicament.


IN view of the accepted importance of nutritional factors in relation to night vision, an investigation was carried out to determine whether or not this faculty . could. be improved by administering vitamin A concentrates to men subsisting on ordinary Army rations. In all, twenty-four subjeCts were tested. All save one had normal vision as determined bySnellen'sTest Types. The exception was wearing suitable glasses. Six 'cases were used as controls. To the remainder, 24,000.international units of vitamin A in one capsule of prepalin (Glaxo) was given daily for fourteen days, the night vision being tested before and after this period. The estimated daily requirement of the vitamin is given as 50 units per kilogramme of body-\Veight per diem [7]. . . The photometer used was designed to test both the time taken to accommodate to a stalldard illumination and the minimum. illumination perceptible when accommodation' was complete. ' All subjects were exposed to a bright light under constant conditions for a similar" time before testing, in order to reduce them to a common condition of light adaptation; The results were as follows:


The present invention relates to the preparation of the reaction the reaction with borate-dihydro-dicyano of decomposing by the alkali metal tetrahydroborate salt or tris cyanoborate hydrogen and trialkylsilyl cyanide in the complex and further an alkali metal salt of the anion.


Interventions targeting risk factors for dementia have the potential to delay or prevent a third of dementia cases. Addressing midlife hearing loss could prevent up to 9% of new cases, the highest of any potentially-modifiable risk factor identified in the 2017 commissioned report in The Lancet. In Australia, hearing loss is the second-most common health condition, affecting 74% of people aged over 70. Estimates suggest that people with mild hearing loss are twice as likely to develop dementia, and people with severe hearing loss are five times more likely to develop dementia. While an Association between hearing loss and dementia has been established internationally, less is known about these Associations for older adults in Australia. Using data from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS), in which 1,037 adults aged between 70-90 years were enrolled and completed biannual assessments from 2005-2017, we present the first known Australian-based report of hearing loss and dementia incidence using a large longitudinal Australian cohort. Our primary investigation will determine the Association between self-reported hearing difficulties and incident dementia in the MAS cohort. This analysis is based on data gathered from participant medical history, performance on neuropsychological tests, and consensus diagnostic outcomes across the first 12 years of the study. Benefits Associated with self-reported use of hearing aids will also be discussed. This study is an important first step in understanding the role of hearing loss, a significant and potentially-modifiable risk factor for dementia, on cognitive trajectories in older adult Australians.


Whatever may be the material used to build the engineering structures, they are bound to undergo damage at some point in their lifetime. The damage could develop because of continuous usage, degradation, environmental factors, earthquakes or man-made disasters. Structural health monitoring (SHM) has emerged as an important area that has attracted intensive research attention in the recent time. Smart materials like piezoceramics (e.g. lead zirconate titanate or PZT) and fibre optical sensors (FOSs) based effective SHM tools are rapidly developing. Especially, the FOSs offer great potential as monitoring sensors due to their small size, immunity to electromagnetic interference, robustness and survivability in harsh environment. Conventional FOSs use phase modulation techniques for sensing. In spite of the above advantages, they are dependent heavily on source intensity fluctuations and coupling loses. However the fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors developed from FOSs are immune to source intensity fluctuations, thus addressing some potential problems of the conventional FOSs. This paper presents a review on the current development of FBG based monitoring techniques and their applications.


Second edition of a guide for those interested in the establishment and development of Mathematics Support Centres in institutes of higher education. This guide distils the findings of the LTSN funded teaching and learning project Evaluating and Enhancing the Effectiveness of Mathematics Support Centres which investigated the extent to which universities have made additional provision, in the form of Mathematics Support Centres, to support students who are struggling with the mathematical and statistical components of their undergraduate studies. Data have been gathered by an email and an on-line questionnaire, by telephone interviews and by visits to several Centres, during 2000/2001. During the visits interviews were conducted with staff, students who use the Centres and, where possible, with a number of students who had not used the Centres. The project aimed to determine how widespread is provision of this nature, how effective it is, and to identify and disseminate good practice. This guide presents a brief rationale for Support Centres and also for alternative forms of provision. It goes on to provide guidelines on establishing and running a Support Centre. The handbook does not claim that having such a Centre is the best way of supporting students. Rather it offers advice, the experiences of those who have already developed or who work in Support Centres, and good practice for anyone intending to develop such a Centre in their own institution. In addition the authors would like to thank all those staff from higher education institutions who completed the questionnaires. Special thanks are due to those colleagues who allowed us to visit their support centres and willingly gave of their precious time to explain the way they operated. Without the cooperation of all of these people this project would never have finished.


THE EDUCATIONAL AND PROMOTIONAL ROLE OF THE BBC IN THE FIELD OF MEDIA LITERACY The article proposes a reflection on the experience of British Broadcasting Corporation in promoting media literacy which is defined as "the ability to access, understand and create communications in a variety of contexts". While discussing the issue of media literacy in Poland, one is prompted to refer to the experience of public broadcasters in countries regarded as leaders in pursuing its objectives. The BBC seems to be a natural choice due to its leading position in the digital revolution of the British media system and its public mission to promote education and reading. The article presents an overview of selected projects committed to the promotion of media literacy among various social groups. The authors seek an answer to the following questions: 1) are these projects in line with the strategy for media literacy formulated by the BBC in 2013? and 2) what conditions would need to be fulfilled if such projects were to be implemented in Poland?


Computable analysis studies problems involving real numbers, sets and functions from the viewpoint of computability. Elements of uncountable sets (such as real numbers) are represented through approximation and processed by Turing machines. However, application of this approach to computational complexity has been limited in generality. In this thesis, we present a refined framework that is suitable for discussing computational complexity. The key idea is to use (a certain class of) string functions as names representing these objects. These are more expressive than infinite sequences, which served as names in prior work that formulated complexity in more restricted settings. An important advantage of using string functions is that we can define their size in the way inspired by higher-type complexity theory. This enables us to talk about computation on string functions whose time or space is bounded polynomially in the input size, giving rise to more general analogues of the classes P, NP, and PSPACE. We also define NP- and PSPACE-completeness under suitable many-one reductions.
Because our framework separates machine computation and semantics, it can be applied to problems on sets of interest in analysis once we specify a suitable representation (encoding). As prototype applications, we consider the complexity of several problems whose inputs and outputs are real numbers, real sets, and real functions. The latter two cannot be represented succinctly using existing approaches based on infinite sequences, so ours is the first treatment of functions on them. As an interesting example, the task of numerical algorithms for solving the initial value problem of differential equations is naturally viewed as an operator taking real functions to real functions. Because there was no complexity theory for operators, previous results could only state how complex the solution can be. We now reformulate them and show that the operator itself is polynomial-space complete. We survey some of such complexity results involving real numbers and cast them in our framework.


In previously dealing with the gestosis problem (1948 and 1949) my interest was excited by the circumstance, that hypertensivity and obesity appeared to be parallel phenomena. Every obstetrician besides is bound to realize certain difficulties in the treatment of overweight parturients. These are the chief reasons why I have taken the subject of overweight parturients under discussion. I n compiling the necessary cases I fell to studying this question on a more extensive line, viz. from the pathologico-constitutional aspect, and for comparison's sake included underweight, and mostly normal weight obstetric patients also.


Call centre technology requires the assignment of a large volume of incoming calls to agents with the required skills to process them. In order to determine the right assignment among incoming calls and agents for a real production environment, a comparative study of meta-heuristics has been carried out. The aim of this study is to implement and empirically compare various representative meta-heuristics, which represent distinct search strategies to reach accurate, feasible solutions, for two different instances of the workforce distribution problem. This study points out how memetic algorithms can outperform other acknowledged meta-heuristics for two different problem instances from a real multi-skill call centre from one of the world's largest telecommunications companies.


Influenza virus A/USSR/053/74/H3N2 was subjected to the effect of some physico-chemical factors: freezing-thawing, ultrasounds, long-term storage at 4 degrees C, hydrogen ions, formaldehyde. All the preparations were tested for virus infectivity, hemagglutinin titer, neuraminidase activity and ability of altered viruses for interferon induction in vivo. The preparations whose viral particles preserved the activity of surface antigens and neuraminidase activity in particular, were able to induce interferon in mice.


2-Methyl-4-chlorophenol (MCP) is the main transformation intermediate of the herbicide MCPA in surface waters and it is more toxic than its parent compound. MCP is produced from MCPA by both direct photolysis and •OH reaction. The latter process has higher yield of MCP from MCPA: 0.5 vs. 0.3 for the direct photolysis. Our model results show that the formation rate of MCP would be higher in waters that contain low organic matter and high nitrate and nitrite. Such conditions are favourable to MCPA direct photolysis and •OH-induced transformation, which are both inhibited by organic matter, while •OH formation is enhanced by nitrate and nitrite. Good agreement is obtained between model predictions and field data of MCPA transformation in the Rhône river delta (Southern France). The field data also suggest that MCP undergoes slightly faster transformation than MCPA in that environment.


This paper describes a new member of the Amphidromus (Syndromus) adamsii (Reeve in Adams, 1848) group from Mount Sarempakang on the border of South and East Kalimantan, Indonesia. A comparison is made with other members of the A. (S.) adamsii group, and with extraterritorial species in the groups of A. (S.) contrarius (Müller, 1774) and A. (S.) sinistralis (Reeve,1849). A. (S.) stevenliei new species is distinguishable from other members of the A. (S.) adamsii group based on shell and animal morphology, and conchologically separable from other congeners.


The medium-resolution bands on NASA's Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were successfully used to detect and map the distribution of a harmful phyto-plankton bloom in the Paracas Bay Peru, that caused economic losses worth millions of dollars. Routine application of MODIS data can be a valuable and cost-effective way to monitor harmful blooms and other turbid water plumes that cause disruption to the fishery and aquaculture operations of many coastal areas.


Thank you very much for downloading eugenic design streamlining america in the 1930s. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this eugenic design streamlining america in the 1930s, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their computer.


This thesis seeks to demonstrate the nutritional properties and versatility of moringa, as product of hindu origin which is being currently produced in Ecuador. For the first part of the research, it was established the theoretical bases to focus on gastronomy and its role in the food industry and the economic and social factors that conforms the food heritage, using the synthetic analytical method. So, the knowledge about nutritional and healthy properties of the moringa oleifera tree contributed for the development of a highly nutritious line of sauces. In the second part, the development and validation of the line of sauces was realized through an important analysis from three suppliers of moringa oleifera, to make an examination about the company and the value chain of the product. This allowed the development of a tangible product through experimentation and then the validation from the experts and focus group, who determine the acceptance of the sauces. For the final stage of the thesis, it was improved the creation of a manual for procedures to develop a line of sauces made of moringa, which synthesized the information and research results for the implementation of moringa oleifera in Ecuadorian gastronomy.


Twenty years since the landmark women's conference at Beijing, and as the post-2015 agenda is concluded, it is clear that there has been a significant increase in rhetoric from governments and even some notable achievements in the field of women's equality and rights. But a failure to tackle underlying causes – particularly the persistent unequal power relations between women and men – has thwarted real, sustainable progress. A report by the Gender and Development Network has identified four areas in need of far greater political focus and resources: working with marginalised women to build their own agency; supporting women's collective action; promoting positive social norms; and reassessing macroeconomic policies and the role of the care economy.


In recent years a large amount of data has been gathered on the biology of thyroid hormone receptors. The receptor proteins have been analyzed from the physiological and structural points of view. Most of the information has been summarized in several recent excellent reviews (1–6). The thyroid hormone receptors (TR) are ligand-modulated transcription factors which are members of a large superfamily that includes nuclear receptors for other small, hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, vitamin D3, retinoic acid, prostaglandins, terpenoids, farnesoids and fatty acids, and also the so-called orphan receptors with no recognizable ligand. They bind triiodothyronine (T3) with an affinity about 10 times higher than thyroxine (T4) and activate or repress gene expression upon ligand binding. In addition, an important property of the thyroid hormone receptors is their ability to influence gene expression in the absence of the hormone. In most cases this is reflected in a repression of the target genes which is relieved upon ligand binding, although there are also examples of ligand-independent stimulation of transcription. Little is known of the biological consequences of this intrinsic receptor property. The repressor activity of mutated T3 receptors that have lost the ability to bind hormone is considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of the thyroid hormone resistance syndromes. Receptor expression during development precedes the onset of fetal thyroid function and, with the reservations imposed by placental transfer of maternal thyroid hormone, the unliganded receptor might influence fetal development through mechanisms that are at present unknown. To shed light on this problem, we and others have analyzed the influence of exogenous T3 receptor expression on the phenotype of cultured cells which express no or little T3 receptors unless engineered to do so. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available data in this direction and to try to formulate an hypothesis concerning receptor function.


The oxidative phosphorylation, adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) affinity and exogenous nicotinadenine nucleotide (NAD) reduction by tumoral and normal submaxillary gland mitochondria of C3H mice were st


The study aims to investigate the perception of Fair Price Shop Dealers towards working of Public Distribution System in Punjab. This is an empirical study. A well structured research schedule was used to collect data from 200 fair price shop dealers using convenient random sampling technique. Exploratory Factor Analysis has been applied to identify the factors and sample adequacy is checked with the help of Kaiser Meyer Oklin, Bartlett test of sphericity and correlation matrix. The study identified four factors which are affecting fair price shop dealers' perception about the quality of PDS. The present study will be useful for food and civil supplies department, policy makers and government while framing their social security related policies and procedures for the vulnerable section of the society.


In this paper, based on a field survey on typical villages in a Chinese metropolis suburb, we employ a risk matrix and the Borda ranking method to evaluate risks related to transfer of rural housing land for tourism development from the perspectives of different stakeholders. We also make suggestions regarding how to standardize transfers and revitalize utilization of rural housing land use rights. Combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the risk matrix determines the various risk levels faced by different stakeholders in the circulation of rural housing land for tourism development from two dimensions: risk impact degree and risk occurrence probability. Then, the Borda ranking method can subdivide the risk types within each risk level, thus identifying the most critical risks. Our results indicate that (1) unfair distribution of income from land transfers is the major risk faced by farm households and directly decides their willingness to transfer their housing land; (2) market instability is the prime risk factor faced by social investors, and together with project progress risk, indirectly leads to occurrence of operation risk and severely affects the motivation of social investors to invest in transfer, development and operation of rural housing land for tourism development; (3) disappearance of countryside characteristics is the critical risk factor faced by village collectives, and coordination and management risk is the main impediment that blocks the process of transfer of rural housing land for tourism development; and (4) other risks confronted by stakeholders in land transfer, although not the main ones, still need to be granted great importance and followed up closely. Therefore, it is necessary not only to establish appropriate risk avoidance measures for different critical risk factors faced by different stakeholders of such land transfers, but also to strengthen study of the association between the risks, identify the conduction effect of direct and indirect risks, macro and micro risks, and before action and after action risks, and improve the ability to prevent and mitigate these risks.


Author's Response: A Significant Decrease in the American Domination of Research in Gastroenterology Between 1980 and 2005: Did This Happen Mostly Between 1980 and 1995 or Between 1995 and 2005?


The present invention relates to a vehicle (31) comprising a mixed braking system (electric and mechanical). This mixed braking system comprises asynchronous electric motors (4a to 4d) associated with the wheels (2a to 2d) and a mechanical braking device comprising a hydraulic circuit (14) and the mechanical brakes (18a to 18d). In addition, the joint brake system includes a measuring electronics (36) connected for rotation frequency sensors (34a to 34d) placed on each of the wheels, this e providing a reference signal to means for control (6) of the asynchronous electric motors that regulate the stator frequency of the motors according to the value of the reference signal. The braking system according to the invention is anti-blocking and very effective in any working situation.


In recent years the role of IUDs and the appearance of acute inflammatory adnexitis have been the focus of attention. A 1985 study reported on 17 of 127 women patients with inflammatory diseases of the internal genitalia that developed due to IUD use who underwent uterine surgery. 110 of these 19-57 year old women were studied to ascertain the characteristics of the clinical course of adnexitis that developed due to IUD use. Every third patient (39 cases) had in their anamnesis an inflammatory disease of the internal genital organs. On examination inflammatory erosion of cervix was discovered in 5 patients; in 7 patients uterine myoma; and in 9 patients disturbance of menstrual function. In every third patient (42 patients or 38.2%) on admission to the hospital the blood leucocyte count was normal while in the rest it was elevated. In 65 patients (59.1%) the malady started in an acute form in the first 3 days; in 45 patients (40.9%) it developed gradually and the women were admitted 10-35 days after its inception. Acute bilateral adnexitis with pelvioperitonitis occurred in 35 of 110 patients and diffused peritonitis in 12. Acute adnexitis accompanied the formation of inflammatory tubal ovarian tumors in 19 patients (6 suppurative) and tubal ovarian tumors in 36 patients (23 suppurative). Laparoscopy was performed in 25 patients. In 33 patients uterine surgery was carried out (among them uterine extirpation in 16 amputation of the uterus in 9 bilateral tubectomy in 2 and unilateral tubectomy in 1). Every second patient had pyosalpingitis with suppurative ovaritis every third had suppurative endomyometritis and every tenth had parametritis. In every second patient the acute adnexitis was accompanied by pelvioperitonitis or peritonitis. As an antinflammatory measure blood transfusions were carried out in 12 patients. The average stay before the operation lasted 3.68 days; after the operation they stayed in the hospital an average of 13.80 days.


In tendering competitions, construction companies are forced to offer equal value. Low costs and operational flexibility are thus more important factors in competition than the ability to satisfy customer needs – a basis for value-based competition. The aim of this research is to illustrate how the business model approach can be used in analysing and managing value creation of a construction company. A business model framework is presented and its use is illustrated with three cases from the Finnish construction industry. Cases highlight the importance of analysing and aligning the different elements of business models relative to each other. The framework provides a systematic way to analyse organisation's value creation logic and a tool to communicate that logic to anyone. Thus, it supplements the other prevailing approaches that aim to improve the value-creation capability of construction companies.


As the technology of exploring space is growing within this existing century, we are seeing more and more entrepreneur with deep financial pocket are trying to go to space with their massive technical efforts behind it. With thrive and innovative approach of Artificial Intelligence, companies are pushing more and more toward autonomous driving vehicle, where type of cars required to have a 100% stereo coverage of earth surface for their driving aspect of autonomy along with uplink and downlink communication in use and for that they either need satellites parked at Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) or Low Earth Orbit (LEO) without any doubts. Most of these sophisticated satellites are carrying a lot of digital electronic gadgets on board that are they may or may not be susceptible to Space Radiation Environment either natural or man-made forms one way or the others. Thus, with this space radiation in mind that are having adverse effects on electronic and integrated circuits (ICs) on board comes Radiation Hardening (Rad-Hard) requirements for them to be able to successfully and fully operational. This short review will cove the subject of space radiation environment hardening that comes along to protect electronic on board of these satellites.


Recent advances in high-speed mobile networks have revealed new bottlenecks in ubiquitous TCP protocol deployed in the Internet. In addition to differentiating non-congestive loss from congestive loss, our experiments revealed two significant performance bottlenecks during the loss recovery phase: flow control bottleneck and application stall, resulting in degradation in QoS performance. To tackle these two problems, we first develop a novel opportunistic retransmission algorithm to eliminate the flow control bottleneck, which enables TCP sender to transmit new packets even if receiver's receiving window is exhausted. Second, application stall can be significantly alleviated by carefully monitoring and tuning the TCP sending buffer growth mechanism. We implemented and modularized the proposed algorithms in the Linux kernel thus they can plug-and-play with the existing TCP loss recovery algorithms easily. We evaluated our proposed algorithms over emulated and real experiments and showed that, compared to existing TCP loss recovery algorithms, the proposed optimization algorithms improve the bandwidth efficiency by up to 133 percent and completely mitigate RTT spikes, i.e., over 50 percent RTT reduction, over the loss recovery phase.


Some criminal cases thas have been accured lately in the jurisdiction of east java which relate to Criminal Act. Especially narkoba, ranmor, are interesting to study more deeply regard to the determination of assisted the investigator or justice collaborator, by using empirical legal research or by interviewer the member of particular criminal justice of eas java (Reskrimsus Polda jatim) to get clarity of issues regarding to status granting of Justice Collaborator and conduct analysis. From the result of the study by using of FGD it is obstained the result that investigation act is also investigation, where at investigation stage may also provide the status of perpetrator in collaboration with the investigator to reveal the perpetrator in a larger or major crime. As well as in the implementation the giving status of justice collaborator at the stage of criminal investigation done by POLRI neet to be regulated in the law so that is no abuse of authority Keywords—Justice Collaborator, Investigation, Police


Providing good, comprehensive, accessible maternity care to the underserved can help solve a hospital's declining OB census and can support a pro-life philosophy.


The aim of this paper is to present an axiomatization of a generalization of Shannon's entropy. The newly proposed axiomatization yields as special cases the Havrada-Charvat entropy, and thus, provides axiomatizations for the Shannon entropy, the Gini index, and for other types of entropy used in classification and data mining.


Globalization changes every thing very quickly. Company's problem to improve performance indicated become more complex. Individual performances are needed to be payed in attention for management level to improve it. Commitmentandwork safety are indicated to affect employee's performance. This study aims to determine the effecton the safety and commitment on employee performance. PT. BEHAESTEX Kediri Branch Production Department was choosen tobe a sample for this study case. The results demonstrate that commitment and safety influence employee performancepositively.


Many multi-project organizations are capacity driven, which means that their operations are constrained by various scarce resources. An important planning aspect in a capacity driven multi-project organization is capacity planning. By capacity planning, we mean the problem of matching demand for resources and availability of resources for the medium term. Capacity planning is a very useful method to support important tactical decisions such as due date quotation and price quotation for new projects, and to get insight in capacity requirements for the medium term. We present a capacity planning model in which aspects such as capacity flexibility, precedence relations between work packages, and maximum work content per period can be taken into account. For this model, we discuss several LP based heuristics. Using a large set of test instances, we compare these heuristics with some results from literature. It turns out that some of these heuristics are very powerful for solving capacity planning problems. 'Corresponding author


1. A method, comprising: displaying a user interface style table; ! receive a selection table style; ! reception formatting commands to select table style; ! applying formatting to the table style selection in accordance with the received formatting instructions; ! preservation table style selection in a position which can be reversed, so that the table style selection may be canceled and applied to the dynamic tables table. ! 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a table element selection and wherein: a step of receiving formatting instructions further comprises receiving formatting instructions for the table element selection; and! step of applying formatting further comprises applying formatting to the table element selection in accordance with the formatting commands. ! 3. The method of claim 2, wherein: table element selection further comprises a first table element selection; ! the method further comprises receiving formatting instructions for a second table element selection and applying formatting to the second table element selection according to the formatting commands received for the second table element; ! applying formatting to the intersection of cell elements of the table in accordance with the priority order of table elements if the first table element and the second table element overlap. ! 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising identifying whether formats cells intersection table elements compatible, and wherein the step of applying formatting to the intersection of cell elements of the table is executed only if the formats of cells intersections element


In this paper, we deal with a control problem of a truck-trailer type mobile robot in backward maneuvering, where disturbances may act on its velocity. Firstly, we formulate the backward maneuvering problem as a functionspace minimax problem. Secondly, dividing the minimax problem into two subproblems-one is minimization problem and the other maximization one, we obtain its numerical solution. Lastly, we demonstrate by simulation that the control strategy obtained through the minimax approach is relatively robust to the velocity disturbances, compared with the strategy through the optimal control approach.


In comprehensive medication reviews, the focus is no longer on just the bag of medications, but on the care of the patient as a whole.


A model of high-{ital T}{sub {ital c}} superconductivity is proposed based on the following assumptions: (a) There are extended saddle-point singularities in the spectrum of electrons with a strongly enhanced density of states; (b) the interaction between electrons consists of a large and long-ranged phonon attraction and a small and short-ranged repulsion. It is shown that this model, having properties of both the {ital s}-wave and the {ital d}-wave approaches, can effectively explain most of the rather contradictory properties of these substances.


The research was aimed to determine the effectiveness of different cooking and processing methods for reduction of phytic acid (PA) in wheat. Wheat is the staple food in Pakistan, supplying mainly energy, protein and minerals requirements in the average daily diet of rural and urban families. But compounds like PA depreciate its quality. In the first phase of the present study, seven wheat varieties viz. Inqilab-91, Chakwal-97, Margalla-99, Wafaq-2001, G.A-2002, N.R-231 and N.R-234, most commonly grown all over Pakistan, were analyzed for PA without any treatment. PA was within the ranged of 1.503 (Inqalab-91) and 1.223% (N.R-234). In the second phase, different processing methods like soaking, germination and heat treatment were applied to check their effect on the reduction of PA. All treatments resulted in gradual decrease in PA contents. The soaking treatment was applied for 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. Maximum PA loss was observed in Margalla-99 (25.1%) while minimum (22.5%) in Chakwal-97 after 24-h soaking. The germination treatment was applied for 24, 36 and 48 h. The highest loss of PA was observed in Margalla-99 (40%) while the lowest (37%) in N.R-231 after 48-h germination. Similarly, heat treatment was also applied for 10, 30 and 60 min. Maximum PA loss was observed after 60-min heating in Wafaq-2001 (32%) while minimum (27.0%) in N.R-23. Different processing methodologies can be applied for the reduction of PA. Each and every method has its own merits. If one method is beneficial for the reduction of PA content in a wheat variety, it does not necessarily mean that the same method is good for the other.


A procedure is described in which college students portray individuals studied in the History of Psychology course. The students work in teams, and develop a presentation allowing figures from different time periods (e.g., Locke, Wundt, Thorndike, and Rogers) to discuss and debate psychological issues. Additionally, each student prepares a bibliography and position summary of the individual portrayed. Variations of this basic procedure, some more successful than others, have been tried in three different classes and are also described. It is concluded that the exercise can be a valuable pedagogical tool that gives students personal appreciation of historical figures, plus a better understanding of continuity in the evolution of psychological issues.


Phenomenological Universalities represent a new tool for the classification and interpretation of observed or experimental data in the context of cross-disciplinary research. Also they can act as a "magnifying glass" to finetune the analysis and to quantify the difference among similarly looking datasets. In particular, the class U2 is of special relevance, since it includes, as subcases, all growth models proposed to date. In this presentation we show that it may be applied, in a simple fashion, to a variety of problems of interest in biomedicine and in the context of elastodynamics. The results suggest the application of different fitting equations from the ones which are currently adopted, and the use, in several contexts, of fractal dimensioned variables.


A variety of gold(III) adducts having σ-ligated oxygen-donor ligands have been prepared from [Au(bpy)Cl2][PF6] 1 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) either by partial or total replacement of the chloride ions. The new species comprise hydroxo, [Au(bpy)(OH)Cl][PF6] 2 and [Au(bpy)(OH)2][PF6] 3, oxo, [Au2(bpy)2(μ-O)2][PF6]24, acetato, [Au(bpy)(O2CMe)2][PF6] 5, and alkoxo complexes, [Au(bpy)(OR)Cl][PF6] 6, 7 and [Au(bpy)(OR)2][PF6] 8–10 (R = Me 6 and 8; Et 7 and 9; Pri10). The dihydroxo and the oxo complexes can be interconverted by refluxing the former in anhydrous THF and the latter in water. The hydroxides 2 and 3 and the acetato complex 5 undergo σ-ligand metathesis in ROH solution (R = Me, Et or Pri) to give the corresponding alkoxides. The crystal structure of 8, the first of a gold(III) methoxo complex, has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.


AbstractThis study found the problem namely the low of students' learning outcomes in grade four thematic learning SD Negeri 100101 Simatorkis. The cause was the teacher acted as a learning source and seldom to apply the model or media in process of study. So students did not understand how the concept in the learning process. This study was done to improve students' learning results at the grade IV SD Negeri 100101 Simatorkis with apply discovery model learning. This study was classroom action research with consist of four components, they are planning, action, observation, and reflection. This study was done as long as two siclus, every sicles consist of twice meeting. Instruments for collecting the data in this study are test and observation. This study result showed that students' learning result in the subject of thematic in every sinus grow up. In the first test, the average of students was 64,5 (30%), in the first cycles, the average of students were 67,5 (30%) become 72 (45%). In the second siclus from 75 (50%) becomes 86 (85%). The conclusion that the result of students learning grows up after the applied learning discovery model in this thematic subject at grade IV SD Negeri 100101 Simatorkis.


In this study we investigate whether an executive's downward mobility experiences in early life affect corporate antipoverty initiatives. Drawing upon insights of social mobility literature and imp...


Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play important roles in the repression of gene expression. Our previous study revealed that HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDA9) interacts with ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and is involved in regulating plant autophagy in response to the light‐to‐dark transition and nitrogen starvation. In this study, we observed that the hda9‐1 and hy5‐215 single mutants flowered earlier compared with the wild‐type Col‐0; in addition, the hda9‐1 hy5‐215 double mutant flowered earlier than each single mutant. The expression of several positive flowering time genes was upregulated in the hda9‐1, hy5‐215, and hda9‐1 hy5‐215 mutants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that HDA9 and HY5 bound directly to the promoter regions of PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and CONSTANS‐LIKE 5 (COL5) and repressed their expression through H3K9 and H3K27 deacetylation. Taken together, our results reveal the epigenetic mechanism explaining how the HDA9‐HY5 module functions in controlling flowering time.


This research means studying (the work of the movement in contemporary Iraqi ceramics), which falls into four chapters. Contemporary Iraqi ceramics executed with various colored oxides on the surfaces of these products. The second chapter included the theoretical framework. The third chapter dealt with the research procedures that included defining the research community and selecting the research sample, then the research tool, description and analysis, description and analysis of the sample, while the fourth chapter included on the research results and conclusions.
Among the results reached by the researchers are:
The act of movement is achieved by treating the shapes, their proportions, and their balances at a level that indicates the accumulation of the artist's experience and the breadth of applications.
The studied diversity and the conscious organization of the formation elements contributed to finding harmonious relationships that worked to increase suspense and impart movement and dynamism, and achieved a comprehensive and coherent unity according to the foundations of formation, influencing the vision from an aesthetic point of view.


This paper discusses recovery scenarios for geosynchronous satellites injected in a non-nominal orbit due to a launcher underperformance. The theory on minimum-fuel orbital transfers is applied to develop an operational tool capable to design a recovery mission. To obtain promising initial guesses for the recovery three complementary techniques are used: p-optimized impulse function contouring, a numerical impulse function minimization and the solutions to the switching equations. The tool evaluates the feasibility of a recovery with the on-board propellant of the spacecraft and performs the complete mission design. This design takes into account for various mission operational constraints such as e.g., the requirement of multiple finite-duration burns, third-body orbital perturbations, spacecraft attitude constraints and ground station visibility. In a final case study, we analyze the consequences of a premature breakdown of an upper rocket stage engine during injection on a geostationary transfer orbit, as well as the possible recovery solution with the satellite on-board propellant.


At present, the studies on the inverse problem of identifying roughness values have been mainly for in-bank flow problem that needs to extend the method to out-bank flow where flood plain roughness obviously has to be considered. In this study, the inverse problem of estimating the open channel flow roughness values has been studied for both single channel problem and compound channel problem by using synthetic data. The effects of selection of objective functions on the quality of the identified parameter are analysed for a single channel reach. The results indicate that the least square errors objective function has the best performance. For compound channels, the performance of the model is evaluated for different scenarios of data availability, sizes of peak discharge and noise in flow measurement data on the quality of the identified parameters. Solution results for illustrative problems indicate the potential applicability of the model to the natural channels.


The flowing phase in the pipe is affecting on the continuity of fluid transport process, this is due to the interaction when the fluid mixture flowing at a certain superficial velocity. Therefore it will be studied the distribution of pressure and flow pattern of a transparent pipe (plexiglass) ¾ inches, and its influence on the orientation of the pipe 10°, 5°, 0°, -5o and -10° by the experimental equipment. The research was carried out experimentally with the water flow 10 - 20 lpm and air flow 5 - 15 lpm. Results showed the flow pattern was produced on every slope of the pipe is a bubble, elongated bubble, plug, plug-slug transition, plug bubble, bubble slug, slug, stratified wavy and stratified with mixture interfaces. On the upward slope of the bubble flow patterns likely to appear more and result the highest pressure of 1690 N/m2 on Jmix = 9.3 m/s, on the horizontal position bubble slug flow pattern that often appears with the highest pressure drop of 593 N/m 2 on Jmix = 8.23 m/s, while the downward slope of the wavy stratified flow pattern likely to appear more with the highest pressure drop of 685 N/m 2 on Jmix = 5.88 m/s.


Network-Enabled Servers (NES) environments are valuable candidates to provide simple computing grid access. These environments allow transparent access to a set of computational servers via Remote Procedure Call mechanisms. In this context, a challenge is to increase performances by decreasing data traffic. This paper presents DTM (Data Tree Manager) a data management service for NES environments. Based on the notions of data persistency and data replication, DTM proposes a set of efficient policies which minimise computation times by decreasing data transfers between the clients and the platform. From the end-user point of view, DTM is accessible through a simple and transparent API. In the remainder, we describe DTM and its implementation in the DIET platform. We also present a set of experimental results which exhibit the feasibility and the efficiency of our approach.


A new thermally stable phase of hybrid inorgano-organic material has been sy nthesized by anchoring o rg,:lIl ic moie ty, acry lam ide tin(l V) phosphate and charac teri zed by IR, TGA, DTA and XRD studies in addition to its ion-exc hange studies such as dete rmination of iOIl -exchange capac ity. e lut ion, p H titratio n and di stributi on behav iou r. The distributi on behaviour towards severa l meta l ions in different media/concentratio n have a lso been studied and the mate ri a l is fo und to be hi ghly select ive fo r Hg(Il ). Some binary separations of the metal ions have been performed on a colu mn of thi s materia l. The X-ray studies reveal the amorphous nature of the mate ria l.


Given the wide range of institutional and market contexts in which hydroelectric dams are operated, determining the value added from improvements in hydrologic forecasts is a challenge. Many previous examples of hydrologic forecasts being used to optimize hydropower production strategies at dams focus on a single reservoir system or watershed, with a key assumption that the marginal value of hydropower production is exogenously-defined (dams are ‘price takers’ in markets for electricity that exhibit no market power). In some cases, this may accurately reflect current institutional boundaries and decision making processes. However, with increased attention being paid to how more coordinated grid management strategies, including management of hydropower assets, could facilitate deep integration of renewable energy, it is critical to understand how the use of improved hydrologic forecasts could produce wider grid-scale benefits, including  lower costs and emissions. In this study, we quantify the value of streamflow forecasts to a centralized power system operator in charge of coordinating sub-weekly operations of hydropower assets, using the Western U.S. as a case study. We propagate flow forecasts through realistic models of reservoir operations and models of bulk power systems/wholesale electricity markets. Our results shed light on how the value of flow forecasts to grid operations can vary across regions and power systems. They also highlight the potential for conflicts between firm-specific objectives (profit maximization) and system-wide objectives (minimization of costs and emissions) when determining value added from hydrologic forecasts.


The heavy-ion physics has attracted much attention during the last three decades [1]. The behavior of nuclear matter under the extreme conditions of temperature, density, angular momentum etc., is a very important aspect of heavy-ion physics. One of the important quantity which has been used extensively to study this hot and dense nuclear matter is the collective transverse in-plane flow. This quantity has a beauty of vanishing at a certain incident energy. This energy is dubbed as balance energy (Ebal) or the energy of vanishing flow (EVF) [2]. Here, we have checked the influence of Coulomb interactions on directed transverse flow by taking into account mass asymmetry. The mass asymmetry of the reaction can be defined by the parameter η = | (AT − AP )/(AT + AP ) |; where AT and AP are the masses of target and projectile. The η = 0 corresponds to the symmetric reactions, whereas, non-zero value of η define different asymmetry of the reaction. It is worth mentioning that the reaction dynamics in a symmetric reaction (η = 0) can be quite different compared to asymmetric reaction (η 6= 0) [3]. The effect of the asymmetry of a reaction on the multifragmentation is studied many times in the literature [3]. Unfortunately, very little study is available for the mass asymmetry of the reaction in terms of transverse in-plane flow.


As a rapidly emerging technology, Web services offer a brand-new mechanism for program-to-program interactions over the Internet. Inevitably, this programming pattern brings great challenge to the improvement of the quality and reliability of Web services. In the paper, a two-level testing framework for WSBS is proposed through deeply analyzing the architecture of WSBS and black-box character of Web service unit. In service unit level, combinatorial testing method is used to ensure single service's reliability through extracting interface information from WSDL file. In system level, BPEL specification is converted into state diagram at first, and then state transition-based test cases generation algorithm is presented. In addition, the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach is validated by some examples.


The phenomenon of super-radiance in quantum optics predicted by Dicke 50 years ago and observed experimentally has its counterparts in many-body systems on the borderline between discrete spectrum and continuum. The interaction of overlapping resonances through the continuum leads to the redistribution of widths and creation of broad super-radiant states and long-lived compound states. We explain the physics of super-radiance and discuss applications to weakly bound nuclei, giant resonances and widths of exotic baryons.


The quantity of solid waste generated in Nigeria has increased at an alarming rate over the decades with lack of efficient and sustainable waste management in most cities of the country. This can b ...


For speech synthesis of limited or unlimited vocabulary improved acoustic models are used which are closely related to the speech production process. The major extensions include variable tube lengths and consideration of low losses. The analysis of the model parameters is derived and demonstrated with the aid of examples.


Within the framework of the economic transformations characteristic of globalization and the associated world of work, this study was proposed for the purpose of analyzing and explaining the contradiction between the increase of the population with diplomas of the educational system in Paraguay and the reduced competitiveness of the labor force, that is to say, its low levels of competence, its low average remuneration, as well as its predominant insertion in branches of activity of low innovation and slow growth. The study has a descriptive quantitative cut, based on information from secondary sources (household surveys and national accounts). With the information analyzed, the characteristics of the productive structure were established during the period when greater educational access did not mechanically lead to increased access to formal employment and social welfare in the country. The main conclusion is that the contradiction between the mass education and the low average productivity of the economy is the basis of the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities in the Paraguayan social structure, with the main causes of exclusion and poverty persisting.


Modelling real systems and processes is a task classically performed through the approach of differential equation systems, defining the evolution of different variables as the different components of the system. A bad feature that differential equations have is that if some new parameter has to be introduced in the system, then often the previous equations are not useful, and the whole system has to be remodeled again. Bioinspired computational models are abstractions of reality into a mathematical system that works with specific semantics and can perform some tasks, such as solving problems or demonstrating the universality of themselves or other models. An interesting application of these models is the modelling of real-life processes, where some of them as the so-called P systems have demonstrated previously that their performance is remarkable. This is not only for the similarity of the results with the experimental ones, but for its adaptability and modularity of the system, that is, if a new component of the real system is taken into account, not the whole system but a small part of it has to be changed in order to simulate the changed scenario. In this work, a first look at the dynamics of a laser physical system is given, reproducing the behavior of a first model with a PDP system.


SUMMARY The technique of clearing and ripping adopted in the A.C.T. is considered very satisfactory for plantation establishment in areas with a rainfall of less than 25 in. and where slopes are not greater than 15 degrees. This technique is now accepted as standard practice for such conditions in the A.C.T., and considerably improved results of establishment are becoming evident. The main advantages under these conditions include a better initial "take" of the planted pines and the almost certain elimination of the need for refilling; better growth and vigour during the first few years, owing to cultivation and the efficient absorption of rainfall; reduction of run-off and evaporation, owing to the roughened surface of the ground; minimum growth of suckers of indigenous eucalypts following uprooting of the stumps; easier access for subsequent tending and utilization of the crop; and provision of a cleaner forest floor, which greatly simplifies fire protection. Costs of mechanized clearing and ripping are...


Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopic (TDLAS) technology applies the wavelength tunable characteristics of diode lasers to gain the absorp- tion spectroscopy of the selected absorption line of the target gas for the qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of the pollution gases in air.Some certain measures were generally taken to overcome the flaw of the direct absorption gas sensor in order to improve the precision of measuring when to monitor trace gas.The present situation of the TDLAS technology was outlined in this paper.The thorough discussion were done from system structure processing,the modulation and demodula- tion technology,the treatment of detection devices,the processing of the testing signal and so on many aspects in view of the emergence of domestic and foreign- based on the TDLAS technology reduced the system disturbance and raised the detection sensitivity in recent years.


A norm prohibiting the complicity of one State in the internationally wrongful conduct of another State is now a recognized part of customary international law. In order for a complicit state to be found legally responsible for its aid or support of the primary State actor, it must be sufficiently clear that the primary State actor has in fact violated international law. This requires a domestic or international court to consider the conduct of a foreign State that has not consented to the court's jurisdiction. In some instances, this may preclude the court from adjudicating the complicity of the supporting State, as doing so would require consideration of the conduct of a foreign state — an action that may have legal repercussions for the foreign state and broader political consequences for both States. This Note will explore the circumstances in which courts have upheld or declined jurisdiction over complicity claims, making reference to both international and domestic cases. Starting from the premise that complicity is an important feature of the modern international legal landscape, the Note is written to identify those situations in which an aggrieved person is more likely to have his or her claims against a complicit State decided by a judicial or quasi-judicial body.


We study how the backward scattering cross-section (BSCS) of a microsize dielectric rod illuminated by an H-polarized plane wave can be efficiently manipulated using a partial graphene cover and associated plasmon resonances. Our treatment is based on the hyper-singular boundary integral equation, discretized with a Nystrom-type algorithm, which has a mathematically grounded convergence. We compute the BSCS and the extinction cross-section (ECS) in the sub-THz and THz ranges with controlled accuracy and demonstrate that BSCS can be both enhanced and reduced due to the graphene strip.


With the research methods of literature,expert interview,logical analysis and so on,this paper focused on the problems existing in the sports work in our country at present from the origin of Chinese and western binary sports culture characteristics. Conclusions are drawn as follows: the evolution of Chinese and western sports culture is different,which has caused different ethnic preferences in the choice of sports events; the background of globalization is conducive to the integration and complementarity in the Chinese and western sports culture; it is inevitable that Chinese martial arts enter the Olympics in theory; we should rationally analyze the Olympic " downsizing plan" and the " wolf breeding program" of the Chinese Table Tennis Association from the essential aspect of sports culture.


This source book looks at current concepts on the significance and consequences of the accumulation of plaque and calculus, and the sorts of techniques that are necessary for their removal. Procedures for both the patient and the professional to perform are described.


Secondary bone grafting of alveolar clefts has been performed in 109 cleft palate patients, 55 boys and 54 girls, using the autogenous particulate cancellous bone and marrow of the iliac bone. The patients age range was 8 years 2 months to 28 years 8 months, with a mean age of 12 years 11 months.Before the bone grafting, any malocculusion of the maxillary segments were corrected with orthodontic treatment. Operation was done with simultaneous correction of alveolar clefts and oral-nasal fistulas.The incision made along the clefts margin of the labial site, mucoperiosteal flap was developed.Mucoperiosteum of the fistula was dissected and separated the palatal and nasal portion with scissors. The mucoperiosteum were closed with stiches in each.At this point, nasal and palatal layers of mucoperiosteum had been created. Cancellous bone and marrow were packed into any spaces, and placed in the area of the alar base. After an adequate osseous form was obtained, the labial mucoperiosteum was undermined and relaxed, and closed with stiches. But, the cases of great oral-nasal fistulas, labial sulcus flap used closure of the labial and palatal portion of oral-nasal fistula.Secondary bone grafting of alveolar clefts has following benefits to cleft palate patients.1) Stabilization of the maxillary segment.2) Closure of oral-nasal fistulas.3) Support of the slumping alar base of the nose.4) Restoration of alveolar process and dental arch.5) Provision of bone support for unerupted canine.These advantages of secondary bone grafting were results of short term observation, but, in the future, long term observation is necessary.


The Cauchy problem of the vacuum Einstein's equations aims to find a semimetric gαβ of a spacetime with vanishing Ricci curvature Rα,β and prescribed initial data. Under the harmonic gauge condition, the equations Rα,β = 0 are transferred into a system of quasi-linear wave equations which are called the reduced Einstein equations. The initial data for Einstein's equations are a proper Riemannian metric hab and a second fundamental form Kab. A necessary condition for the reduced Einstein equation to satisfy the vacuum equations is that the initial data satisfy Einstein constraint equations. Hence the data (hab,Kab) cannot serve as initial data for the reduced Einstein equations. Previous results in the case of asymptotically flat spacetimes provide a solution to the constraint equations in one type of Sobolev spaces, while initial data for the evolution equations belong to a different type of Sobolev spaces. The goal of our work is to resolve this incompatibility and to show that under the harmonic gauge the vacuum Einstein equations are well-posed in one type of Sobolev spaces.


This paper presents theoretical work linking money demand to the perceptions of households about the risk that domestic currency may become inconvertible or that it may be devalued. An empirical investigation of the size of this effect is carried out using monthly data for Korea to estimate an augmented demand-for-money equation. It is found that the fear of inconvertibility arising from the 1997 Korean currency crisis may have caused broad money demand to fall by 4–5% points,equivalent to the loss of reserves of $6–7.5 billion (or about 30% of reserves as measured at end-November 1997).


This paper describes the cost of operating airplanes for law enforcement, including traffic patrol, in rural areas. Included are all costs associated with ownership and operation of airplanes, cost for pilots and support personnel, and the ground-support costs associated with enforcement of traffic laws. Total costs are approximately $96/h. Of this, 54 percent represent direct operating costs for the airplane, including fuel, periodic maintenance, and depreciation. An additional 34 percent of the costs are for salaries of the pilots, and the remaining 12 percent cover the overhead costs. When used for line patrol, the airplane costs $1.33/mile. Based on productivity of the pilots in Illinois, the cost per stop initiated by aerial patrol is $35. The use of the airplane solely for enforcement of the speed limit at fixed locations costs approximately $22/stop. Line patrol of highways with aircraft can be cost effective when compared with the same type of patrol by the officer on the ground. For enforcement of the speed limit at selected locations, as aircraft is substantially more expensive than a comparable operation that uses a radar operator and chase cars. A team of officers, including a radar operator, can perform the same task at approximately one-half the costs. (Author)


We all know that advertising is a business in which language is used to persuade people to
do things (e.g., buy some product) and / or believe things (believing that the value of the
product is trustworthy or a good one). The phenomenon, however, is that we tend to doubtthe truth conditions of the advertisements. In other words, we do not take those ads
seriously. We are not very affected emotionally yet we are just amused and regard them as
entertaining fallacies (e.g. the "AXE" male perfume). Some reasons might verify this fact.
However, this paper is just concerned with the language phenomenon existing in theadvertisement world. A common shared perspective on the advertisement language within
Indonesian ads is, among others, bombastic, hyperbolic, and many times, irrational. Not the
least, most of the ads have a similar tendency to "violate" the language as long as theproduct sells. Apparently, Indonesian ads are apt to employ indirect language('implicature') in their emulating their own product and devaluing their competitor's
product (e.g. the then Yahama's "Yang Lain Makin Ketinggalan"). Upon these intriguing
facts, this paper attempts to highlight general features of Indonesian advertisements in termsof (1) the violation of Grice's conversational maxims (rules and norms) and (2) implicature(extended meaning). Alternating a more 'acceptable' model of ads could be a by-product ofthis paper.


My research centers around combinatorial, computational, and cohomological problems originating in geometry, algebra, and topology, with forays into fields not properly inside of mathematics, such as computer science (Section 2.2) and biology (Section 2.3). The aim of this exposition is to give a broad perspective on areas in which I have worked and am currently interested, including some indications of the methods, motivations, and context. The descriptions of current and future research topics in the four sections below outline programs on the following: 1. Multivariate hypergeometric systems 1. Overview 1 2. Solutions to holonomic families 3 2. Metric polyhedral geometry 1. Overview 3 2. Metric complexity of polytopes 4 3. Phylogenetic trees 5 4. Graph coloring 5 5. Combinatorial characteristic classes 6 3. Tropical convexity and homological algebra 1. Overview 7 2. Rigid monomial ideals 7 3. Moduli spaces of cellular resolutions 8 4. Combinatorial positivity by geometric degeneration 1. Overview 8 2. Schubert multiplication 9 The four sections are completely independent of one another. Each Overview subsection recounts some of my past research in the area, and the later subsections describe current or future projects. Subsections rely logically only on the Overview in that section. Many of the projects described here would make good thesis topics for graduate students, and some—particularly in Sections 2 and 3—would even be suitable for undergraduates. For example, there is a graduate student here at Minnesota currently working with me to implement algorithms for unfolding polytopes of arbitrary dimension [3].


Ixora chinensis is a common flowering ornamental shrub native to China and parts of south east Asia. It has been introduced to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In August 2021, the lab received heavily galled roots of the cutting plants from Lishui Town(23°17'1.8564"S,113°5'34.89"W), Guangdong Province, China for disease diagnosis purpose. The roots of the plants presented galls similar to those associated with root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp. Upon inspection, there were one to several females of RKN in each gall, and the egg masses were often completely embedded within the gall. Males were found in the galls. Symptoms included severely reduced growth of the plants coupled with leaf yellowing. Morphological and molecular analyses were conducted to identify the species present. Females and egg masses were collected from the roots, and egg mass was incubated in water at 25°C to obtain J2. Morphological measurements from 20 second-stage juveniles and perineal patterns from 20 adult females matched the original description (Yang and Eisenback 1983). The perineal patterns were round to oval with fine and dense stripes, the dorsal arches were moderately high to high, and mostly lacking lateral lines, but when present, the lines were not conspicuous. Measurements of J2s included stylet = 13.2 ± 0.5 µm (12.4 to 14.0 µm), DGO= 51.8 ± 3.0 µm (47.0 to 56.8 µm), tail = 51.8 ± 3.0 µm (47.0 to 56.8 µm), and hyaline tail terminus = 16.0 ± 2.0 µm (11.3 to 17.7 µm). Amplification and sequencing of the rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS1_5.8S_ITS2) region with primers V5367/26S (TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT/ TTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAAGG) (Vrain et al. 1992) and the D2-D3 region of the 28S rDNA with primers D2A/D3B (ACAAGTACCGTG AGGGAAAGT/TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA) (Subbotin et al. 2006) was accomplished, respectively. A DNA fragment of 765 bp in length for the ITS region was obtained and the sequences (GenBank Accession Nos.OL444880-OL444882) were compared with those in GenBank using BLAST and showed 99.16%-99.87% identity with known sequences of M. enterolobii from China (MK850138, MK850135 and MT406251). The D2-D3 region sequence of the 28S rRNA (GenBank Accession Nos.OL455021-OL455023) were 99.21%-100% identical to M. enterolobill sequences obtained from China (MN017115,MN017118 and MT193450). Identification was also further confirmed by using PCR by a species-specific primer set Me-F/Me-R (AACTTTTGTGAAAGTGCCGCTG/TCAGTTCAGGCAGGATCAACC) (Long et al. 2006). For pathogenicity tests, a single seedling (12-15 cm) from stem cutting of I. chinensis was maintained in 16-cm diameter pots with sterilized sandy loam. Six replicates were inoculated with 5000 freshly hatched J2s of the original population, and another six replicates without inoculation were established as control plants. The plants were maintained in a glasshouse at temperatures ranging from 25 to 30°C and relative humidity from 65 to 80%. After 60 days, all plants inoculated were stunted and yellowing, galling symptoms on root tips and secondary feeder root were similar to plants observed in the field, and the females and egg masses were obtained by dissecting gallsnematode. No gall symptoms were observed on control plants. These results confirmed the nematodes' pathogenicity. M. enterolobii is considered as one of the most damaging species of RKN, due to its wide host range, pathogenicity and ability to develop and reproduce on several crops carrying resistance genes (Castagnone-Sereno, 2012). To our knowledge, this is the first report of infection of M. enterolobii on I. chinensis. As cuttings are generally used for the propagation of I. chinensis, the spread of this nematode through infested soil and infected cutting seedling of I. chinensis is favored. Considering the increasing importance of the nematode in China, this report is essential for control measures of the nematode to be taken in order to avoid its spread to other regions or host crops.


Abstract Robust DC-DC converters which can cover extensive load changes and also input voltage changes are needed. In this paper, we propose a new method for designing good approximate 2-degree-of freedom (2DOF) digital controller which makes the control bandwidth wider, and at the same time makes a variation of the output voltage very small at sudden changes of resistive load. The proposed approximate 2DOF digital controller is actually implemented on a DSP and is connected to a DC-DC converter. Experimental studies demonstrate that this type of digital controller can satisfy given specifications.