The origin of life on Earth, and possibly on other planets such as Mars, would have required the presence of liquid water and a continuous supply of prebiotic organic compounds. The delivery of organic matter by asteroids, comets, and carbonaceous meteorites could have contributed to the early Earth's prebiotic inventory by seeding the planet with biologically important organic compounds. A wide variety of prebiotic organic compounds have previously been detected in the Murchison CM type carbonaceous chondrite including amino acids, purines and pyrimidines'. These compounds play a major role in terrestrial biochemistry and are integral components of proteins, DNA and RNA. In this study we developed a new extraction technique using sublimation in order to isolate purines and pyrimidines from Murchison2, which is cleaner and more time efficient that traditional methods3. Several purines including adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine and xanthine were positively identified by high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet absorption detection in our Murchison extracts. The purines detected in Murchison do not correlate with the distribution of nucleobases found in geological environments on Earth4. Moreover, the abundance of extraterrestrial amino acids and the low level of terrestrial amino acid contaminants found in Murchison', support the idea that the purines in t h s meteorite are extraterrestrial in origin.


Because of the capacity limitation in traditional transition-metal oxide cathodes, the design of novel cathodes is vital for the performance enhancement in lithium-ion batteries. In this work, we p...


South Africa is endowed with vast ocean resources and wealth which have the potential to provide enormous socio-economic goods and services to the people and create massive economic growth and wealth if vigorously explored and tapped. This assertion is made against the backdrop of the recent government strategical initiative, under the auspices of 'Operation Phakisa', to unlock and explore the full potential of the ocean's wealth to drive economic growth, create jobs and alleviate poverty. This paper seeks to accentuate that the Operation Phakisa initiative has the potential to strategically unlock underexplored ocean resources for purposes of creating sustainable economic growth, development, and alleviation of hunger and poverty. It concludes that effective and sustainable use of the ocean's wealth depends on good, efficient governance policies, practices and management. Methodically, a qualitative non-empirical research approach was adopted and utilized in this study by sourcing, drawing upon and using information and insights from contemporary literature to address identified problems.


Introduce a design of power dispatch automatization system on 10 kV which merge the technology of SCM control,the wireless communication technology based on GPRS and virtual instrument technology.Elaborate the principle of system design,the schemes of system,the realization mode of wireless communication based on GPRS and the design of analysis software which is used in distribution power network and so on.


The high rates of cesarean sections in Brazil have generated risks for the binomial when performed indiscriminately and without clinical indication. Objective: To identify the reasons that led pregnant women and parturients to opt for cesarean section according to the literature. Methods: This is an integrative review. Inclusion criteria for: articles were those that answer the research question, published in Portuguese or Spanish, between 2010 and 2020, fully available online. Exclusion criteria were systematic or integrative review and others types of publication such as theses, dissertations, memorial and manuals. The databases that were used: The Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO) Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) and the Nursing Database (BDENF). Results: The reasons that led pregnant women's and parturients to opt for cesarean were: advanced maternal age; cultural patterns such as beliefs, customs and reproduction of family experiences; fear of feeling pain in labor; the influence of the media; higher socioeconomic level; higher education and prenatal care and delivery performed in the private sector. Futhermore, cesarean section is seen by women as a safe choice. The women's passivity and lack of autonomy in front of the doctor; the fear of changing the body and the process of sexuality; the continuous follow up of the doctor during parturition and the ease of scheduling were also reasons given for the cesarean section. Conclusion: Given these reasons, it's suggested that health education in a problematizing perspective promoted by about the different types of delivery, will subsidize the choice of women, rescuing their leading role in this process.


It presents a medical device for use in tissue characterization and treatment. The apparatus configured to generate a tissue characterization signal comprising a tissue characterization probe comprising an elongated carrier supporting a plurality of arrays of tissue characterization sensor, each corresponding to a tissue mass at a position of each sensor is operable, the plurality of tissue characterization sensor is arranged in relation spaced along at least a longitudinal axis of the carrier at a known distance at least a distal portion of the carrier between itself and thereby during advancement of the probe through the tissue mass, said plurality of each of the tissue characterization sensor, generates a plurality of tissue characterization signal from its successive positions within the tissue mass, thereby in the array to allow positioning and measurement of the dimensions of the interior of the tissue sample of the tissue mass based on the plurality of tissue characterization signals from a plurality of tissue characterization sensor. Said elongated carrier has said distal portion, the two portions of the integral and a hollow portion extending between the proximal end and the distal portion of the carrier. The carrier, through the treatment tool in its hollow portion, at least a portion of the treatment tool protrudes from the hollow portion, configured to allow for extending along the distal portion. Whereby said device allows the resulting treatment of the tissue specimen by treatment tool when it is mounted on the carrier. It describes some of the moving mechanism to allow relative movement between the treatment tool through said carrier and said carrier. .FIELD 7B


The relations of bringing up thinking ability of students and physics teaching method are discussed.The profundity,independence,logic,elasticity and the wide range of thinking character are analysed profoundly


The Mach-Zehnder electro-optical modulator is widely used in RoF system. The nonlinearity of the light to current(L-I) conversion curve of an Mach-Zehnder electro-optical modulator is an important cause of intra-band, inter-band Harmonic Distortions(HD) and inter-modulation distortions(IMD). This nonlinearity of Mach-Zehnder modulator greatly deteriorates the performance of RoF system based on optical carrier suppression modulation. An exact analytical solution for arbitrary order inter-modulator distortion(IMD) and harmonic distortion of the modulator driven by a two-tone signal is derived. Analytical results indicate that the third-order IMD of the system increases with the increasing modulation index of the RF signal and is independent of the offset phase shift of the modulator. In addition, when the offset phase shift equals ¿ there are only odd-order harmonics. And there are only even-order harmonics, when the offset phase shift equals 0(or ¿These results are then confirmed by simulation based on Optisystem. With the presented analytical expression, it is convenient to design an analog optical communication system, precisely predict the nonlinear characteristics of the external modulator and optimize the system's performance.


A major deficit in understanding and improving treatment in coeliac disease (CD) is the lack of empiric data on real world gluten exposure.


The spatial evolution of nonlinear long-crested irregular waves characterized by the JONSWAP spectrum is studied numerically using a nonlinear wave model based on a pseudospectral (PS) method and the modified nonlinear Schrodinger (MNLS) equation. In addition, new laboratory experiments with two different spectral bandwidths are carried out and a number of wave probe measurements are made to validate these two wave models. Strongly nonlinear wave groups are observed experimentally and their propagation and interaction are studied in detail. For the comparison with experimental measurements, the two models need to be initialized with care and the initialization procedures are described. The MNLS equation is found to approximate reasonably well for the wave fields with a relatively smaller Benjamin–Feir index, but the phase error increases as the propagation distance increases. The PS model with different orders of nonlinear approximation is solved numerically, and it is shown that the fifth-order model agr...


Diethyl octenylphosphonate was prepared from oct-1-ene, by the three methods ; (1) free radical addition of PCl3, initiated with peroxide, (2) chlorophosphonation by the system of oct-1-ene-PCl3-O2 (3) Arbuzov reaction of triethylphosphite and octenyl bromide, prepared by treating oct-1-ene with N-bromo-succinic imide. The structure of these products were assigned by the spectra of IR and NMR and other analytical methods. By the method (1), diethyl oct-1-enyl-1-phosphonate was obtained in 13% yield ; by the method (2), the mixture of three types of diethyl α, β-unsaturated octenylphosphonate and diethyl octenyl-phosphonate, which was yielded by the introduction of phosphono group into the saturated part of the olefin, was obtained in 11% yield ; and by the method (3), diethyl oct-2-enylphosphonate was obtained in 70% yield.


In the report we have presented analytical methods for increasing the accuracy of monopulse antenna arrays (MAA), based on the stabilization of the equal signal direction by solving the optimization problem with limitations.


Umami peptides can help reduce the salt content in foods while still maintaining a savory taste. Few studies have reported the bioactivity of umami peptides after consumption. We studied the bioactivities of 12 umami peptides after gastrointestinal digestion. Three umami peptides exhibited Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and antioxidant activity after digestion. Six novel peptides were identified from digestion solutions of the peptides using HPLC-MS/MS. Among them, CC, CCNK, and HCHT had both ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 values were 9.81, 9.00 and 114.99 μM respectively) and antioxidant activity (strong DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities). AHSVRF had strong ACE inhibitory activity. These peptides increased the nitric oxide (NO) concentration and decreased the content of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in a medium of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose-dependent manner. Experiments with damaged HepG2 cells showed that peptides CC, CCNK, and HCHT have antioxidant activity through their cytoprotective effects and by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. The results indicated that umami peptides may provide many health benefits after consumption.


The design of an IQ-Demodulator for the IEEE 802.15.3c standard is presented. The design is targeted for low noise, low power consumption and small chip area. The IQ-Demodulator is fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS technology; it converts down a 2 GHz wide channel at around the IF of 20 GHz to the neighborhood of the zero frequency. New current bleeding network with resonating inductors is used for the direct-conversion mixer to mitigate the flicker noise effect, while other techniques are used to lower the DC current of the frequency divider at the required operating frequency. The conversion gain of the IQ-Demodulator is 6 dB and its input referred compression point -12 dBm. The demodulator consumes a total power of 50 mW. The total chip size including pads is 0.84×1.15 mm2.


GPL Maxima is an open-source computer algebra system based on DOE-MACSYMA. GPL Maxima included two tensor manipulation packages from DOE-MACSYMA, but these were in various states of disrepair. One of the two packages, CTENSOR, implemented component-based tensor manipulation; the other, ITENSOR, treated tensor symbols as opaque, manipulating them based on their index properties. The present paper describes the state in which these packages were found, the steps that were needed to make the packages fully functional again, and the new functionality that was implemented to make them more versatile. A third package, ATENSOR, was also implemented; fully compatible with the identically named package in the commercial version of MACSYMA, ATENSOR implements abstract tensor algebras.


The present analysis aims to present the general standard of the ECtHR with regard to the creation and functioning of a register of criminals, especially sex offenders. The analysis attempts to answer the question of what requirements the state should meet in order to implement the ECtHR standard in this matter. For this reason, attention has been paid to the nature of the protection measure in question, the manner of its implementation, as well as the material scope and conditions of its application.


The results of numerical investigation of the stress-strain state of elastic rectangular plates with reinforced elongated holes under the action of axisymmetric tensile forces are presented. The holes have different orientations relative to the direction of forces, the materials of the plate and  reinforcements are different too. Computer modeling was carried out using the finite element method. The influence of mechanical and geometrical parameters of plates and reinforcements, orientation of holes (angle of rotation relative to the direction of action of forces) on the stress-strain state of the plate are studied. The dependence of the change in the stress concentration factor in the plate on the orientation of the hole, the ratio of the elastic modulus of the plate materials and reinforcements (the elastic modulus of the reinforcement material is 3 times greater (or less) than the elastic modulus of the plate material) has been established. Plates with holes located at angles of 60°, 45° and 30° in the direction of the load are modeled. It is shown that a good choice of geometric and stiffness characteristics of the parameters of reinforcement, plate and elongate hole orientation can significantly reduce the stress concentration in the plate. Patterns of stress intensity distribution in the plate sections passing along one of the hole sides and stress concentration in the vicinity of the corner points of the holes are constructed. The results obtained in this work can be used to solve the problems of optimization of thin-walled rectangular plates with elongated holes, having strip reinforcement along the edges.


This communication aims to make known a collection formed by of a total of 389 original monochrome photographs, located in the Municipal Archive of Arucas, and in which various episodes of the Civil War in the city of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria are portrayed. The paper provides a description and a history of the photographs, their reservoir, origin and authorship, as well as their classification (in series), their conservation status, intervention proposals and, above all, the value they have and their making accessible for social use. Up to now five types of numbering have been detected and their classification has been proposed in 12 possible series, taking into account archival and iconographic criC ar ta s di fe re nt es . R ev is ta c an ar ia d e pa tr im on io d oc um en ta l, n. 1 2 (2 01 6) , pp . 10 913 6. * Doctor en Historia. Técnico de la Concejalía de Patrimonio Histórico del Ayuntamiento de Arucas. Correo electrónico: firstname.lastname@example.com. Antonio MAnuel JiMénez MedinA 110 teria. Due to the subject matter and originality, these photographs are considered to have a high cultural value and they are clearly relevant for understanding the history of documentary sources in the Canaries.


Several pegmatites containing commercially viable sources of columbite-tantalite have been located in the Holenarsipur, Kdshnarajapet and Nagamangala schist belts. The pegmatites in Holenarsipur schist belt near Hassan, contain columbite-tantalite, rich in both niobium and tantalum and carry appreciable amounts of beryl. The Nagamangala schist belt is particularly rich in tantalite-bearing (Ta 2 O 5 50-70%) pegmatites. Analysis of feldspars from the three different belts indicates that they are potassic in the Nagamangala belt while they are sodic in the case of two other belts. Trace element analysis of muscovite indicates an average of 42, 242, 107, 325 ppm of Be, Nb, Sn and Li in Nagamangala belt as against 55, 114, 127 and 329 ppm respectively in Holenarsipur belt. Presence of considerable amount of bismutite in Mundur pegmatite and traces of spodumene and pollucite in Nagamangala belt have been confirmed.


AIM To study Polygalae Radix processed with the decoction of Magnoliae officinalis Cortex on calcium ion channel of mouse gastric interstitial cells of Cajal( ICCs) and their gastric dynamics. METHODS ICCs were co-cultured in vitro with serum containing herbs and were divided into seven groups: blank,Magndiae officinulis Cotex,Polygalae Radix,Pologalae Radix plus Magnoline officinalis Cortex,high,middle and low dose of Polygalae Radix processed with the decoction of Magnoline officinalis Cortex group. Spectrophotometry was used to determine the intracellular calcium ion concentration and ATP enzyme. The concentration of IP3was detected by ELISA method. RESULT Compared with the blank group,intracellular free Ca2 +concentration,ATP enzyme activity,and IP3concentration in Polygalae Radix group were all significantly higher( P 0. 05,P 0. 01).Whereas compared with Polygalae Radix group,ATP enzyme activity and IP3concentration in Magndiae officinulis Cortex,Polygalae Radix plus Magnoliae officinalis Cortex,high and middle dose of Polygalae Radix processed with the decoction of Magnoline officinalis Cortex group decreased significantly( P 0. 05,P 0. 01). CONCLUSION Polygalae Radix can inhibit the activity of ICCs motility to make intracellular calcium inflow and produce free radicals to cause the damage to cell components and cell apoptosis. Polygalae Radix processed with the decoction of Magnoline officinalis Cortex can alleviate the effect of calcium overload while maintain the cellular homeostasis of ICCs to relieve the gastric motility disorder.


This paper major introduced the mineral separation process test of tiny disseminated autochthonous gold ore,using flotation collector butyl xanthate and butyl uerofloat adequate divergence of argillaceous matler,gold grode and recovery of enriched concentrate are content.


Organizations face the need to adapt themselves to a complex business environment, in continuous change and transformation. Under these circumstances, organization agility is a key element in gaining strategic advantages and market success. Achieving and maintaining agility requires agile architectures, techniques, methods and tools, able to react in real time to change requirements. This paper proposes an incursion in the software development, from traditional to agile.


Guilt and shame induction are two distinct forms of parenting methods commonly seen in the traditional Chinese parenting culture. The present research analyzed the findings of experiments included in two previous studies related to the effects of guilt and shame induction on the psychological well-being of Chinese children. Additionally, this paper draws reference from the statistical models of another study to focus specifically on how guilt induction is perceived by the children's mind. The results indicated significant correlation between shame induction and the undermining of child well-being and further infers theoretically that guilt induction is also possible to yield similar results.


I First Met Friedrich Cerha and his wife Traude in December 1956. After a concert given by the International Society for Contemporary Music—at that time still considered a small group of conspirators—in a remote room at the Musikakademie, my mentor Hanns Jelinek took me to the Gmoa-Keller on the Heumarkt to introduce me to the leaders of Vienna's musical avant-garde.


A previously performed puncture simulation, it and its therapeutic evaluation puncture treatment to provide a puncture therapy support device that can. And A ultrasonic probe, an ultrasonic image generating means for generating an ultrasound image, and volume data recording means for recording volume data of the medical image diagnostic apparatus, the position and orientation of the ultrasound probe a probe position-direction detection means for detecting, using the position and direction information of the ultrasonic probe, and the tomographic image producing means a tomographic image of the same cross section as the ultrasonic image, display means for displaying these images When, in the puncture treatment supporting apparatus provided with a piercing means for inserting the puncture needle comprises a simulation image generating means for generating a simulation image obtained by applying a puncture guideline indicating the insertion position and direction of the puncture needle on the tomographic image, display means displays the simulation image with the ultrasonic image. .FIELD 1


The present invention relates to a bipolar / gas detector than reference electrode. Specifically, one gas detector comprises at least two electrodes. Electrodes are carried on a common substrate, the common substrate having first and second spaced apart surfaces. A respective electrode formed on one surface, and the substrate is sandwiched between the electrodes.


Forty five mixed breed ewes of 3-3.5 years of age and 40-50 Kg live body weight were used in this study. The ewes were housed inside an open yard with shade and concrete floor. They were fed on the control diet for one month before the beginning of the experiment. At the onset of the breeding season, the animals were classified randomly into nine groups five, per each. Nine diets including the control one were formulated with three levels of digestible energy (DE, 2.2, 2.5 and 2.8 Mcal/Kg diet), each at three levels of phosphorus (low, normal and high) in a 3x3 factorial design. The nine diets were designates as NENP, NELP, NEHP, HENP, HELP, HEHP, LENP, LELP and LEHP. First litter in each diet designates the energy level while, the third litter designates the phosphorus level (H, high, N, normal and L, low). The litters E and P stand for energy and phosphorus, respectively. The animals were fed the respective experimental diets and water ad-libitum for one month after the beginning of the breeding season. A metabolism trial was carried out during the last week of the experiment. Blood samples were taken regularly twice weekly for biochemical examination. Throughout the period of the experiment, the animals were examined regularly by using ultrasonography. The results of this study indicated that, levels of energy and phosphorus affect significantly (P<0.05) nutrients digestibility, some blood constituents and ovarian structure.


Materials and Methods: A universal sample of 400 students was taken from two government aided schools located in semi urban area of Belagavi district. Study included two groups; one school was taken as control group and other as study group. Oral health education was given twice only to study group. Pretested questionnaire was used to elicit the information. Frequency and percentage were calculated. Ethical clearance, informed consent and assent were taken.


Abstract To take advantage of the high spectral resolution of Landsat TM images and the high spatial resolution of SPOT panchromatic images (SPOT PAN), we present a wavelet transform method to merge the two data types. In a pyramidal fashion, each TM reflective band or SPOT PAN image was decomposed into an orthogonal wavelet representation at a given coarser resolution, which consisted of a low frequency approximation image and a set of high frequency, spatially-oriented detail images. Band-by-band, the merged images were derived by performing an inverse wavelet transform using the approximation image from each TM band and detail images from SPOT PAN. The spectral and spatial features of the merged results of the wavelet methods were compared quantitatively with those of intensity-hue-saturation (IHS), principal component analysis (PCA), and the Brovey transform. It was found that multisensor data merging is a trade-off between the spectral information from a low spatial-high spectral resolution sensor an...


spontaneously, 106 patients were randomized to 1 h CPAP or 1 h T-piece/ZEEP, following which patients were extubated and mask 0, administered. No significant difference existed between groups in age, sex, HR, BP, Flo, PaCO, or PaO,. However, P(A-a)02 was significantly greater at 120 mm in the CPAP group. Within the CPAP gsoup, P(A-a)O, was also significantly worse at 120 vs 0 mm. Nineteen Tpiece patients shwied improved P(A-a)O, at 120 miss conspared with only ten CPAP patients. Three CPAP and two T-piece patients subsequently required reintubation. This study demonstrates that use of a T-piece does not impair arterial oxygenation and may in fact be superior to direct extubation from CPAP 5. (Chest 1991; 100:1655-59)


The study is aimed at solving the problem of thinking and the sources of building thought processes in systems empowered with intelligence as one of the fundamental steps to the creation of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence performs creative functions traditionally considered human prerogative, using computer programs to understand human intelligence and not being limited to biologically plausible methods. In this regard the evolution of a traditional computer program into a system capable of self-creation is being implemented, depending on the conditions of the external and internal events and processes. The article authors present a number of intermediate results of the research in the field of advanced technologies and artificial intelligence achieved on the basis of experiments run on the study of the semantic structures construction – sources aimed at shaping a thinking process in systems empowered with intelligence. The research carried out by the authors of the article contributes to building of basic algorithms as a parametrically polymorphic system. Scheme of one of the main functions of the master algorithm is presented. An array of constructions, semantically related and called by a route determined by a vector, the direction of which is aimed at minimal costs winning, which together act as the fundamental method for creating a master algorithm.


The vision for this multi-institutional Team is the clinical application of the methods of Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy and Optical Pharmacokinetics for early detection and for the management of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of cancer.


Despite the perceived advantages of ABC, adoption has not been as intense as it have been expected. It is term as the ABC paradox. In the paper we research potential explanations for the ABC paradox through examining usefulness and successfulness of ABC implementation, characteristics of ABC adopters and ABC implementation problems.


Since the late 1970s, and especially during the 1990s, foreign direct investment (FDI) has to a large extent recast China's industrial base and upgraded its industrial technology. In 2001, China became the country with the highest number of mobile phone subscribers with 145 million users, and its 179 million fixed phone lines were the second highest, next to the United States. By 2010, if not earlier, and, after overtaking Japan in 2002, China is expected to overtake the United States to bec...


The invention discloses a sliding digital PCR (polymerase chain reaction) chip with embedded guide rails and a digital PCR method. The sliding digital PCR chip with the embedded guide rails comprises a substrate, multiple second runners and a cover plate, wherein a plurality of guide rail sliding grooves are formed in one side surface of the substrate, a PCR tank is formed in the bottom surface of each guide rail sliding groove in a concave manner, and a first runner is formed in one of a pair of side walls of each guide rail sliding groove; the multiple second runners are formed in the substrate and communicated with the first runners respectively so as to sequentially communicate the guide rail sliding grooves; a plurality of sliding block bulges in one-to-one correspondence with the guide rail sliding grooves are arranged on one side surface of the cover plate, the sliding block bulges are correspondingly clamped in the guide rail sliding grooves to enable the cover plate to be closely attached to the substrate, and a third runner is formed in each sliding block bulge; after a to-be-detected sample liquid is injected in each PCR tank, the cover plate is slid to enable the sliding block bulges to close the PCR tanks. The chip is simple to operate, the to-be-detected sample liquid can be closed in a sliding manner, the sample liquid closing effect is good, aerosol pollution is isolated, and results are reliable.


Strengthening the training of artificial intelligence talents and developing the artificial intelligence industry should be the only way to gain a foothold in the future of technology and talent competition. At the same time, it can promote the establishment of the highland of independent innovation in the field of AI. Talents market situation provides new requirement to talents cultivation in universities. But it should also be noted that AI development in universities meets with pretty problems. These are the newly-constructed related programs just growing in recent few years, the weakening of AI faculties in universities, especially the fragmentary of education system. Therefore, universities should promote the development of quality programs in the field of AI to get a new goal of talents cultivating. Otherwise, we should strengthen the integration and cooperation between AI and other applied programs to perform AI program structure and keep on classified and stratified cultivating to form a brand-new mode of talents training in all the field of AI.


South Caucasus region due to various reasons including ethnic diversity, religions and geographical position has long been witnessing various crises such as Karabakh and south Ossetia crisis. Among these, Karabakh crisis has a direct impact on the national interests of Islamic republic of Iran; because, this crisis has been developed in the northern borders of Iran and between the two countries of Azerbaijan and Armenia that in addition to neighboring Iran, both share some historical, cultural, ethnic, and even religious commonalities with Iranian people. In this study, the main question is that in case of failure of the West in confrontation with Russia in Ukraine, Syria, and Iraq, will the West, to compensate its failure, use these crises of the South Caucasus region to inflict the security and interests of Russia? Almost certainly, if the victories of Russian-oriented groups in different areas of the Ukraine crisis as well as the occurrence of significant victories for the government and the people of Syria and Iraq in fighting terrorism such as ISIS and Al-Nusra groups particularly success in reclaiming the occupied cities from terrorists, the West will surely take actions against interests and security of Russia. The triggering one of the dormant crises of south Caucasus by the west is more likely than other crises exist within the borders of the Russian federation and central Asia.


A series of tridentate ligands, N-benzyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)glycines (bhpg) (4), were prepared by the Mannich reaction of phenol and a number of para-substituted phenols with glyoxylic acid and benzylamine. When the two ortho positions of the phenol were blocked, as in the case of 2,6-dimethyl and 2,6-dichloro phenols, the isomeric compounds N-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycines (isobhpg) (5) were formed. When the phenol had one ortho substituent, as in the case of o-cresol and o-chlorophenol, both isomers were isolated. Two examples of the use of the chiral α-phenylethylamine in place of benzylamine are described.


The surface quality of the machined parts is one of the most important product quality characteristics and one of the most frequent customer requirements. In this study the Taguchi robust parameter design for modelling and optimization of surface roughness in dry single-point turning of high carbon high chromium steel using TiCN,Al 2O3,TiN coated carbide inserts was presented. Three cutting parameters, the RPM speed (1753, 1984, 2215 rpm), the feed rate (0.017, 0.0285, 0.04 mm/rev), and the depth of cut (0.7, 1.2, 1.7 mm), were used in the experiment. Each of the other parameters was taken as constant. The average surface roughness (Ra) was chosen as a measure of surface quality. The experiment was designed and carried out on the basis of standard L9 Taguchi orthogonal array. The data set from the experiment was employed for conducting the optimization procedures, according to the principles of the Taguchi method. The results of calculations were in good agreement with the experimental data. A certain discrepancy between the experimental results and calculations could be interpreted as the presence of measurement errors, many irregularities and deficiencies in the turning process, as well as environmental effects. The results presented in this work confirm the effectiveness of Taguchi's technique in optimization of cutting processes.


The use of K2 PtCl6 or (NH4 )3 IrCl6 as precursors instead of H2 PtCl6 or H2 IrCl6 allows us to study the influence of the acidic pretreatment of the alumina on the aqueous impregnation reaction. In the case of Pt/Al2 O3 catalysts, the maximum of adsorption is reached after a neutral or weakly acidic pretreatment, whereas a more acidic one is needed for the adsorption of iridium. The determination by EXAFS of the local environment of the adsorbed metal after filtration and drying leads to the following adsorption schemes where adsn means adsorption over n sites and ads H+ adsorption neutralized by H+ :[math]The difference between the two precursors can be explained by the non saturation of the adsorption sites in the case of platinum. For the iridium-based catalysts, taking into account the EXAFS analysis, it has been possible to estimate the number of the alumina adsorption sites about 400 µmol. g-1 .Bimetallic Pt-Ir/Al2 O3 reforming catalysts were then prepared from two new bimetallic compounds by formation of the precursor in the porosity of the support : [Ir(NH3 )5 Cl] [PtCl4 ] and [Pt (NH3 )4 ]3 [Ir(Cl)6 ]2 . The EXAFS study at the iridium absorption edge shows : (i) the same iridium coordination after the calcination step for both precursors : Ir Cl1 O6.5 ; (ii) the absence of Ir-metal bonds after the reduction step and air handling of the sample, just as (iii) a lowering of the number of oxygen atoms bonded to iridium.


This paper forwards discourse analysis as a productive way to consider the ways in which the possibilities available for middle grades preservice teachers in justice-oriented teacher education programs are complicated by larger discourses relating to teacher neutrality and teacher education as a transformational narrative. To illustrate this, written journals from 12 preservice teachers in a justiceoriented teacher education program are analyzed and discussed.


Test of organic pollutant removal by electrocoagulation method was introduced. The study found under the conditions of the electrode material using iron electrode,the current strength of 2. 5 A,the pH value of 7. 2,the concentration of Cl-2500 mg/L,and the treatment of landfill leachate after 90 min,the removal rate of COD was67. 2%,the removal rate of ammonia was 54. 3%,and the removal rate of BOD5was up to 84. 2%.


The present invention provides automatic user terminal transmission power control apparatus and method in a communication system. In this invention, the user terminal a resource element (resource element, hereinafter 'RE' hereinafter) the first as a way to adjust the power level of the first signal type, the first signal type to a first RE Set transmitted over a set in throughout claim comprising the step of first transmitting a second power level throughout the process and, the first signal type to be sent to the first power level to a second RE set, wherein the second power level is greater than the first power level , wherein RE set 2 is characterized in that the first subset of the set of RE. Resource Element (RE), power control, hybrid ARQ (HARQ)


In the mammalian central nervous system, opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands are involved in mediating reinforcing effects of natural rewards such as food. Endogenous opioid system also plays an important role in pain and analgesia. Human neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that endogenous opioid peptides (EOPs) are released in cortical and subcortical regions of the brain during appetitive food consumption, as well as following an acute pain stimulus. Dynamic monitoring of EOPs in laboratory animals, however, has been limited due to the low concentration of EOPs that are released and their high susceptibility to degradation. To address these issues, on‐line preservation microdialysis with nano liquid chromatography and tandem mass‐spectrometry (nano LC‐M) has been developed to facilitate measurements of EOPs and prevent peptide degradation. By using this method, in vivo ultra‐trace measurements of leucine and methionine enkephalins was successfully achieved in conscious and freely moving rats. This approach serves as a powerful tool to quantitatively monitor endogenous opioids in cortical and subcortical regions of the brain in behaving rats.


Introduction Preliminaries Coordinate-free spectra Coordinatized prespectra Comparison with coordinatized spectra The stable simplicial model structure The $\mathbb{A}^1$-local model structure Characterization of $\mathbb{A}^1$-weak equivalences Change of universe The space of linear injections preserving finite subspaces Twisted half-smash products and twisted function spectra The category of $\mathbb{L}$-spectra Unital properties of $\mathbb{L}$-spectra The category of $S$-modules $S$-algebras and their modules Proofs of the model structure theorems Technical results on the extended injections operad Appendix: Small objects in the category of simplicial sheaves Bibliography.


We consider group-valued cocycles over dynamical systems. The base system is a homeomorphism $f$ of a metric space satisfying a closing property, for example a hyperbolic dynamical system or a subshift of finite type. The cocycle $A$ takes values in the group of invertible bounded linear operators on a Banach space and is Hölder continuous. We prove that upper and lower Lyapunov exponents of $A$ with respect to an ergodic invariant measure $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ can be approximated in terms of the norms of the values of $A$ on periodic orbits of $f$ . We also show that these exponents cannot always be approximated by the exponents of $A$ with respect to measures on periodic orbits. Our arguments include a result of independent interest on construction and properties of a Lyapunov norm for the infinite-dimensional setting. As a corollary, we obtain estimates of the growth of the norm and of the quasiconformal distortion of the cocycle in terms of the growth at the periodic points of $f$ .


A smart card capable of sensing light is provided to improve the security of the smart card by including a memory equipped with a light sensing cell for sensing the locally irradiated light. A memory(150) includes a light sensing cell(152) for sensing external light and generates a detection signal depending on the light sensed by the light sensing cell. A reset control circuit(160) generates a reset signal by responding to the detection signal. The light sensing cell includes a junction for generating a leakage current by the external light. The light sensing cell is arranged in a plurality of array structures between memory cell arrays. The memory includes a plurality of memory cell arrays including normal cells, a plurality of light sensing cell arrays including the light sensing cells, and a sense amplifier generating the detection signal by sensing the leakage current flowing in a sensing bit line.


New dopant species, such as indium and antimony, are needed for the modem semiconductor manufacturing processes. We have developed a new ion implanter capable of implanting single charge In and Sb up to 200keV, which enhances the versatility of modern doping process like halo and pocket implantation. This versatile ion implanter EXCEED2300V has new beam line components with field proven technologies inherited from EXCEED2300H which ensure the precise implant such as no energy contaminant implantation, precise parallel beam implantation. In this paper, the detailed machine performance is reviewed.


Although digital information development brings greater convenience to people's everyday lives via information technology in recent advancements, digital information content is incredibly easy to be eavesdropped, counterfeited, and distorted to alter genuine knowledge after it is digitized to produce fake ones. How to ensure that the information cannot be subjected to be intercepted, comprised or tampered with is a major concern of information security. In other words, the authenticity, integrity, non-repudiation and confidentiality of the electronically transmitted data must be maintained from sender to receiver. Like other security practices, a "digital signature" has been extensively used in many secure protocols and can fulfill the aforementioned requirements. This paper presents an improved "failstop signature" (FSS) approach which uses "elliptic curve cryptography" (ECC) to provide higher security and better performance for "multi-document" authentication. With the signature design of encryption function, users not only can employ the avalanche effect of unsystematic properties to chaotically generate mutual secure cipher keys against the counterfeiting problems, but also apply advantage of the size of the key required for encryption and "digital signatures" to rapidly perform digital transmission of the document-ciphertext message in diverse network environments.


In this paper, we present a framework for visual analytics of massive complex networks. Our framework is based on the tight integration of network analysis methods with visualization methods to address the scalability and complexity. We present case studies using various networks derived from the WoS (Web of Science). More specifically, we integrated co-citation analysis of Social Network community with 2.5D visualization methods to provide insight and overview on temporal dynamics. Furthermore, we derived collaboration networks and citation networks of Graph Drawing community and visualized using Anchored map techniques to understand collaboration patterns between important researchers in the community.


With the help of a simulation model, the transmission of partial discharges (PD) on medium voltage cables is investigated. During their transmission to a measuring device, bandwidth and amplitude of the initial PD decrease due to attenuation and dispersion. Efficient PD detectors need only be sensitive in the remaining bandwidth. In many previous publications, the measurement bandwidth of cable PD sensors is simply chosen as large as possible. In contrast, in this paper the measurement bandwidth is determined analytically. Based on the simulation results, the authors want to develop low-cost and efficient PD detectors for power cables. The developed transmission model is presented in detail. The relationship between transmitted distance and measurable bandwidth is investigated. The influence of the type of cable used and of installed cable end terminations and joints is investigated. The remaining bandwidth at the measuring device should be less than 10 MHz for most transmitted PD.


Because of the characteristics of hydraulic and hydropower projects,the key point of environmental supervision is pollution control and ecological protection in construction period.Based on the supervision of water-environment protection,environment-air protection,noise control,solid waste disposal,ecology protection and environmental monitoring as well as management-acceptance of environmental protection facilities,the paper concentrated on analyzing the way to carry out environmental supervision,and the key points were advanced.


Recently there has been a growing interest in the application of polynomial matrix decomposition methods to the problem of efficient decoding of multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) communication channels. Essentially, this type of approach decouples the frequency selective MIMO channel into a number of independent, frequency selective, single-input single- output (SISO) sub-channels by way of a polynomial singular- value decomposition (PSVD) or polynomial QR decomposition (PQRD) with successive interference cancellation. In this paper, we investigate a new PQRD algorithm, namely SM-PQRD, which is based on the concept of recently developed sequential matrix diagonalization (SMD). We also propose a new variant of SM- PQRD, namely MESM-PQRD to minimize computational complexity. Simulation results show that the new PQRD converges faster than state of the art algorithms. The applicability of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated for a frequency selective MIMO channel equalization problem.


Allahabad Public Library is a well known public library situated in India in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It is also known as Thornhill Mayne Memorial. It is a government public library situated at Chandra Shekhar Azad Park in Allahabad established in 1864. It is one of the oldest and largest public library in the state of Uttar Pradesh with thousands of books, manuscripts, newspapers, magazines, government gazettes, etc in its collections. It provides wide range of books, magazines, newspapers, gazettes and other reading materials in Hindi, English, Sanskrit, Urdu, Arabic, Persian, Bangla, French and other languages for everyone according to reading tastes. The library consists of 1.25 lac books on variety of subjects including books for competitive examinations. A unique collection of old newspapers and magazines are present in the library. Allahabad Public Library can be considered as one of the good Public Library for the library users. There is also scope of improving library facilities and developing well qualified staff to provide better services.


A rapid growth line (F) and a randombred control line (RBC2) of 16-wk-old unsexed turkeys were used to examine the effect of genetic selection for rapid growth on jejunal O2 consumption, glucose uptake and apparent energetic efficiency of glucose uptake. F line had 85% greater feed-deprived body weight (FBW, kilogram) than RBC2 line (P < 0.001) at 16 wk of age and a lighter (gram/kilogram FBW) and shorter (centimeter/kilogram FBW) small intestine and jejunum (P < 0.001). Additionally, the jejunum was composed of a higher proportion (P < 0.007) of mucosal tissue. There was no difference between the lines in apparent energetic efficiency (nmoles ATP expended/nmoles glucose uptake) of jejunal active glucose uptake. These data suggest selection for rapid growth in turkeys does not result in more efficient glucose uptake from the jejunum. Key words: Genetic selection, small intestine, glucose uptake, respiration, turkey


The definition of entrepreneurial activity is not contained in the legislation on taxes and fees, but it is used to distinguish categories of individuals taxpayers, which affects the procedure for fulfilling tax obligations, implementing measures of state coercion, support, etc. In this regard, it seems necessary to outline the problematic aspects of the application of the definition of entrepreneurial activity in tax relations.


This paper debates the extent to which a more free-market oriented policy over the long run would have provided a higher level of development for Spain. A look at the historical evolution of protectionism shows the correspondence between economic isolation and sluggish growth. It is argued that within a counterfactual contex of more openness, physical and human capital deepening and a smaller agricultural sector, a substantial improvement would have taken place in Spain's performance.


The paraffins-polystyrene microspheres were synthesized by the technology of suspension polymerization. The consistency of the initiator and the volume of the cross-linking agent were studied to find the influence on the site distribution of the paraffins-polystyrene microspheres during the cause of the synthesis.


The end result is that on occasion, it seems that this theoretical framework can little account for New Song musicians' exerting power themselves. For instance, when describing how Victor Jara "brought a sense of discipline to the young musicians of Quilapayún," the author makes sure to state that Jara nonetheless "never imposed himself" (151). As many authors have demonstrated, the act of "bringing discipline" may itself be considered a means of exerting control—and often occurs by means of imposition or coercion—but the model of domination and resistance used here leaves little room for the recognition of subtler forms of power. Although the book succeeds, in general, in linking Chilean New Song to its broader political context, it sometimes leaves the reader to do a lot of work to make this connection. McSherry opts to provide extended accounts of political developments in the 1960s and 1970s alongside descriptions of the emergence of a New Song scene, often without integrating the two. This reflects the reality that linking cultural and political analysis is a great challenge for contemporary scholarship, and McSherry, a political scientist, is to be lauded for taking on this project. Students of politics may find Chilean New Song an interesting introduction to the topic; in particular, it makes the case well for the titular "political power of music." Students of music, meanwhile, may wish to read it alongside some of the work of popular music scholar Jan Fairley (e.g., 2014, 13–58). Andrew Green Institute of Musical Research University of London


Currently, digital image watermarking is widely implemented as a tool for copyright protection. Along with technological developments, the technique of theft and manipulation of digital imagery increasingly sophisticated. So research on image watermarking should continue to grow for improved copyright security. This paper proposes the use of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based on 8×8 sub-blocks to convert the original image from spatial to the frequency domain. The DCT transform result will produce AC and DC coefficients. Next, the DC coefficients are collected into a matrix to be transformed with DWT. The result of DWT transformation yield four subbands. Then the LL subband is selected for embedding copyright in the form of a binary image with a certain watermark strength value. The final step inverse the DWT-DCT transform to produce a watermarked image. From the results of this study, high imperceptibility values are evidenced by PSNR and MSE. Image watermark toughness is also measured by NC and is proven to be robust from various attacks mainly from JPEG compression attacks.


This conceptual paper is intended to identify and understand behavioral incivility. Behavioral incivility has emerged as one of the most alarming aggressive behaviors as its unambiguous intent has made it a severe challenge for organizations. Such behavioral incivility is urged by various organizational attributes like job strain, employment insecurity, and relational injustice. Leadership has been found quite evident in motivating and discouraging incivility practices depending upon its various styles. This study has reviewed the literature on the relationship between passive leadership, servant leadership, job strain, employment insecurity, and relational injustice and behavioral incivility. This study has aimed to review the literature Furthermore, this study has aimed to propose a conceptual model to clarify the mediating role of job strain, employment insecurity and relational injustice in the context of the Pakistani manufacturing sector. In this paper, a systematic literature review method is adopted and it has been revealed that passive leadership increases behavioral incivility while servant leadership cured it by decreasing it. Based on several evidences, the Job strain, employment insecurity, and relational injustice are proposed as strong mediators in this regard.


It has been shown by a number of investigators that perceived binocular direction (BD) could be changed by varying the contrast ratio between the left and right images of a target. In this and certain other cases, the former simple idea that BD is the average of the two monocular directions (MD) fails to predict BD correctly. As an alternative, Mansfield and Legge (1996 Vision Research 36 27 – 41) suggested that a weighted average of modified MD signals be calculated with weights depending on respective image contrasts. However, in experiments including not only ordinary (monocularly recognisable) but also cyclopean (monocularly imperceptible) targets, we have found that there exist (at least) two principally different mechanisms responsible for calculation of BD and that one of these mechanisms is contrast-dependent while the other one is contrast-independent (Rozhkova et al, 1995 Sensory Systems 9 46 – 57). The first one probably corresponds to the model of Mansfield and Legge but the second one (which determines perception of cyclopean targets) has other specific properties. In a new series of experiments based on the same paradigm (to align a test target with a control one under conditions of varying interocular contrast ratios for the test stimuli), we have found that perceived direction of a cyclopean target (coded by Julesz's random-dot stereogram) could be manipulated by memory. It appeared that if, in a given series of measurements, the random-dot patterns for the test targets were chosen at random from six samples, the results were independent of the contrast ratio, but if one and the same random-dot pattern was used many times throughout all the series of measurements, and the subject could memorise the texture of the target, perceived direction became dependent on contrast ratio as in the case of monocularly recognisable targets. One of the possible explanations of this effect is the secondary activation of the first BD mechanism, which usually does not process cyclopean targets.


dividual robots have already been constructed. The method also extends to single-agent planning, where one tries to achieve subgoals separately and defers decisions as to how these sub-plans will finally be interleaved (e.g., as in NOAH [Sacerdoti 771). Note that we are not concerned with some of the more problematic issues in multi-agent planning, such as questions of belief or persuasion (e.g., [Konolige 821). Similarly, the type of communication act that is involved is particularly simple, and provides no information other than synchronizing advice (cf. [Appelt 821). h4ost approaches to planning view actions (or events) as a mapping from an old situation into a new situation (e.g., [hlccarthy 68, Sacerdoti 771). However, in cases where multiple agents can interact with one another, this approach fails to adequately represent some important features of actions and events (e.g., see [Allen 81, McDermott 821). For example, consider the action of tightening a nut with a spanner. To represent this action by the changes that it brings about misses the fact that a particular tool was utilized during the performance of the action. And, of course, this sort of information is critical in allocating resource usage and preventing conflicts. Wilkins [M'ilkins 821 recognized this problem with the STRIPS formulation , and extended the representation of actions to include a description of the resources used during the action. However, these resources are limited to being objects, and one cannot specify such properties of an action (or action instance) aa " I will always remain to the north of the building " , which might help other interaction. agents in planning to avoid a potentially harmful seqplen In this paper we show how representing actions as ces of stat es allows us to take account of both cooperative and harmful interactions between multiple agents. IVe assume that the duration of an action is not fixed, and that we can only know that an action has been completed by asking the agent that performed the action (or some observer of the action). This dors not mean to say that we cannot take into account the espectrcl duration times of actions, but rather that we are concerned with problems where this information is not suficieni for forming an adequate plan. For example, if some part in a machine fails, then knowing that delivery of a new part takes about 24 hours can help in planning the repair, but …


Antennas are taking design shapes by the orientation of its material and the final structural design they take. Irrespective of the shape, the function and efficiency they produce does not change and vary to much extent. We are trying to simulate a design of antenna which is using the artificial intelligence model to Specific absorption rate minimization. We have successfully used antenna magus and CST suite to produce our improved simulation results. Motion models such as optical flow is used to smartly detect communicating devices inorder to connect and link the devices. The algorithm used by us is closest neighbour algorithm which is connected with antenna to apply it in object detection of mobile devices and antennas. We are trying to have a six second break in which the antenna will operate at minimum frequency but at the same time operating in its functioning. After every six seconds the antenna will radiate its frequency of vibration to detect if there is any new object or mobile device in sight. 1.Introduction: We are trying to simulate a differently shaped antenna design which will eliminate noise and maximize the power transmitted by the antenna. We want the antenna to function causing minimum radiation in the defined direction, it will function with a old closest neighbour algorithm. We have also tried to use travelling salesman problem in order to simulate our defined working of antenna system. We have tried to make the antenna function in every six seconds at maximum power while the rest of the time it will function will least power required for it to function at that frequency in order to sustain the working of the antenna system. 2.Material used for experimentation: We have used a copper annealed with pure copper outer ring as a material. This is a very distinct design of the material which will produce some effects in every six seconds of its operation. We will try to define a circular design in circular form which will radiate energy in all directions though the shape of the antenna is immaterial to our functioning.


Apple co-founder, Wozniak states that "blockchain is the next major IT revolution that is about to happen". Blockchain has the potential to disrupt the existing reforms of any sector in the economy. Appreciating the potential the blockchain has to cause revolutionary changes in the economy a research is conducted to study the major issues relating to blockchain. The research is divided into three parts. The first part describes the procedure followed for development of a private block chain step-wise; Deployment of blockchain developed to the housing sector on a simulation basis is dealt in the second part while the unique benefits of blockchain deployment with particular reference to housing sector are underscored in the third part. The second and third part of the research are presented in the current research paper.


The problem of estimating the reachable sets of a nonlinear control dynamical system with uncertainty with respect to initial data is studied. It is assumed that the dynamic system has a special structure in which the nonlinear terms presented in dynamical equations are determined by quadratic forms with respect to the state coordinates, and we assume also that unknown initial states of the system belong to a given ellipsoid. It is assumed that in the system there are both classical measurable controls and generalized controls corresponding to the related vector measures. To estimate the reachable sets of a control system of this type and the reachable sets of the corresponding generalized nonlinear differential inclusions with vector measures, we use the results of the ellipsoidal estimation theory and the results of the theory of evolution equations for set-valued states of dynamical systems under uncertainty. Methods and algorithms for estimating reachable sets of a non-linear control system of the studied type are given in the paper; the results are illustrated by examples.


Wireless power transfer (WPT) to the implantable medical devices (IMDs) often suffers from antenna radiation direction and polarization misalignments, which degrades the wireless power link efficiency. Although increasing the incident power density is able to solve the power hunger of IMDs, it poses safety issues to the human tissue. In this paper, an antenna alignment method using intermodulation is proposed to address WPT antenna misalignment in a safe way. Two-tone (2T) waveform excitation is employed to enhance the rectification as well as to generate intermodulation. The intermodulation power is fed back via a magnetic resonant coupling link. Due to the monotonic relation between the intermodulation power and the degree of antenna misalignments, the receiving antenna (in body) can be aligned with the transmitting one (out body). Such a scheme has the advantages of less harm to human tissue and less interference between the 2T waveform excitation and the magnetic resonant coupling link. The whole system is theoretically analyzed and experimentally validated.


A number of workers (l-3) have described the melting of titanium and its alloys in electron-beam furnaces. The advantages of this technique are well understood in terms of homogenization, but .it is clear that a major problem is that of evaporation of volatile elements. This evaporation process provides difficulties in two respects: first, in the resulting composition change in the alloy and second in the amount of condensate which collects in the furnace. The latter problem can be accommodated by the design of the furnace, but the former imposes a severe limit on the process in respect of residence time and hence also in respect of homogenization and inclusion dissolution. Furthermore it will clearly lead to an optimization problem in that on the one hand we should optimize surface area/volume/residence time parameters from the point of view of a balance . between inclusion solution and solute evaporation: on the other hand we must balance the throughput of a melting hearth against the optimum freezing rate of the particular ingot we have chosen to cast. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interrelation of these parameters for the example alloy Ti+ 6Al + 4V ("6-4").


Background: Advanced technologies and treatments continue to increase life expectancy, however, the hospital mortality rate of elderly patients with respiratory diseases remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the changing frequencies of hospitalized elderly patients with respiratory diseases and their mortality rates over time. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was performed in a tertiary training hospital using data from a 7-year period (2008-2014). The characteristics and hospital outcomes of patients ≥80 years old was collected from an electronic hospital database system. The frequency of elderly patients with respiratory diseases and their mortality rates for each year were assessed. Results Overall, 9.6% (10,782) of patients were ≥80 years old . Their mean age was 84 (80- 114) years with a slight male predominance (52.6%). The median length of hospital stay was 8 (5-11) days. The frequency of elderly patients gradually increased: 6.5%, 6.0%, 7.2%, 8.5%, 10.9%, 13.6%, and 15.5% for 2008 to 2014, respectively. Importantly, mortality rates did not significantly increase over time (7.4%, 6.9%, 7.7%, 8.3%, 7.6%, 8.3%, and 8.0% respectively). The mean mortality rate for all 7 years was 7.8% (n = 843), and the mean age of non-survivors was 84 (±4) years. Conclusion: The frequency of hospitalized elderly patients has increased, but mortality rates have remained flat. The Ministry of Health and hospital directors should consider planning palliative care through special hospital units to improve the quality of life of elderly patients.


Plant pathogenic Agrobacterium strains can transfer T-DNA regions of their Ti plasmids to a broad range of eukaryotic hosts including fungi in in vitro environments. In the recent decade, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as a model host to reveal important host proteins for the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (AMT), because the transfer occurs by simple co-cultivation and output AMT transformant yeast cells are easily countable after several days of cultivation. Further investigation is required to understand the fundamental mechanism of AMT, including interaction at the cell surface, to expand the host range, and to develop new tools. In this study, I screened a yeast mutant library for low AMT mutant strains by advantage of a chromosome type T-DNA, which transfer is efficient and independent on integration into host chromosome. By the mutant screening, I identified four mutant strains (srs2Δ, rad52Δ, smi1Δ and erg28Δ), which showed considerably low AMT efficiency. Physiological experiments indicated that growth of erg28Δ mutant strain was unaffected by the presence of donor bacterial cells, while the growth of the wild-type and other mutant yeast strains was suppressed by the bacterial presence. Excess quantities of the donor cells severely decreased AMT efficiency of the wild type strain. Therefore, the ergosterol synthesis regulator and synthesis enzyme-scaffold gene ERG28 probably contributes to AMT by sensing the presence of donor bacteria and a congested environment and subsequently suppressing cell division. Structural analysis of T-DNA product replicons in AMT colonies suggested that the two DNA repair genes, SRS2 and RAD52 act soon after T-DNA entry for modification of the chromosomal T-DNA to stably maintain them as linear replicons and to circularize certain T-DNA simultaneously. The cell wall synthesis regulator SMI1 is necessary for maintenance of the rigid cell surface structure and is supposed to be important for interaction between the donor and recipient cells. The smi1Δ mutant exhibited pleiotropic effects, i.e. low effector protein transport as well as low AMT for the chromosomal T-DNA, but unexpectedly high AMT for integrative T-DNAs. The involvement of the cell wall synthesis regulator SMI1 remains to be elucidated. Chapter 2. Comparison of Agrobacterium-mediated bacterial transformation between VirD2and Mob-driven transfers Abstract: Agrobacterium T-DNA transfer system is capable of genetically transforming a broad range of eukaryotic organisms including fungi and mammalian cells under laboratory conditions in addition to the transformation of plant species in nature. Thereby, it is an interesting subject to reveal how much broadly the system's host range is widened further. This inter-domain transfer system has its origin from conjugal plasmid transfer systems among bacterial. There are convincing similarities between T-DNA transfer and bacterial conjugal transfer systems. In fact, a literature reports that T-DNA was delivered to a Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces lividans. I report for the first time transfer of a model T-DNA plasmid to Gram-negative bacterium, namely Escherichia coli. The model T-DNA plasmid in my experiments contains the T-DNA right border RB and its transfer is mediated by the genuine nickase/relaxase VirD2, and another plasmids for comparative purpose are mobilizable plasmids having an origin of transfer (oriT) and its cognate nickase/relaxase gene mob. Transfer of the plasmids was carried out using the Agrobacterium VirB/D4 type IV secretion system. The VirD2-driven transfer to E. coli strain BW2511 established AMT colonies at an efficiency much less than those of Mob-driven transfer. The plasmid DNAs extracted from the E. coli colonies retained its intact plasmid structure without any nucleotide modification at the border sequence RB. VirD2-driven transfer was superior to Mob-driven transfer when the two plasmids were transferred to yeast cells. The inverse preference suggests adaptation of VirD2 to eukaryote cells during the evolution from the bacterial conjugation system. Deletion mutations in several E. coli exonuclease genes increased the efficiency of not only VirD2-driven but also Mob-driven AMT. Similar enhancement was also provoked by exonuclease mutations in transfer of the Agrobacterium T-DNA transfer system is capable of genetically transforming a broad range of eukaryotic organisms including fungi and mammalian cells under laboratory conditions in addition to the transformation of plant species in nature. Thereby, it is an interesting subject to reveal how much broadly the system's host range is widened further. This inter-domain transfer system has its origin from conjugal plasmid transfer systems among bacterial. There are convincing similarities between T-DNA transfer and bacterial conjugal transfer systems. In fact, a literature reports that T-DNA was delivered to a Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces lividans. I report for the first time transfer of a model T-DNA plasmid to Gram-negative bacterium, namely Escherichia coli. The model T-DNA plasmid in my experiments contains the T-DNA right border RB and its transfer is mediated by the genuine nickase/relaxase VirD2, and another plasmids for comparative purpose are mobilizable plasmids having an origin of transfer (oriT) and its cognate nickase/relaxase gene mob. Transfer of the plasmids was carried out using the Agrobacterium VirB/D4 type IV secretion system. The VirD2-driven transfer to E. coli strain BW2511 established AMT colonies at an efficiency much less than those of Mob-driven transfer. The plasmid DNAs extracted from the E. coli colonies retained its intact plasmid structure without any nucleotide modification at the border sequence RB. VirD2-driven transfer was superior to Mob-driven transfer when the two plasmids were transferred to yeast cells. The inverse preference suggests adaptation of VirD2 to eukaryote cells during the evolution from the bacterial conjugation system. Deletion mutations in several E. coli exonuclease genes increased the efficiency of not only VirD2-driven but also Mob-driven AMT. Similar enhancement was also provoked by exonuclease mutations in transfer of the self-transmissible plasmids, Fand RP4. These results indicate that T-DNA transfer system retains characteristics of basic bacterial conjugal transfer, and suggest that exonucleases in recipient cells play a role to suppress invasion of exogenous DNA via type IV secretion systems.


The new organization and structure of the comprehensive mental health services in the Chicopee-Holyoke-area of Massachusetts, USA, are described. The services, which until 1975 were mostly located to a mental hospital, were rather bad. Patients and their relatives appealed to the court, which decided that the State of Massachusetts had to develop alternative services within the local communities. These services should take care of all kinds of patients, also "the most disturbed". Today five types of services exist in the communities in addition to the mental hospital ward. These are: 1. residential services, 2. case management. 3. crisis units, 4. vocational services, 5. day care centre with an out-patient-clinic. A certain therapeutic mode "Social Competency Model" originally developed by the israeli psychologist M. Spivak has been successfully applied in the work with the most deviantly behaving patients. The hospital ward has been reduced to one tenth of its size in 1975. "The revolving patients" to th...


It is shown that the time series of sunspot counts may be represented as the sum of a regular cyclical process and a random Hurst process. In the 2375-month study period 1/1818-11/2015, the optimal cyclical components of mean monthly sunspot counts consist of a short wave function with a period of 131 months and a long wave function in which the amplitude of the short wave undergoes a 100-year cycle. The residuals of this model, though random, exhibit properties of the Hurst phenomenon in which dependence, memory, and persistence generate apparent patterns out of randomness. The findings imply that not all patterns in the empirical record of sunspot counts contain useful information because some patterns represent random behavior.


Robert Fisher believes that an increased awareness about conserving the remaining unique biota of Australia has created a desire in many people to identify and understand the biology of organisms. A Field Guide to Australian Butterflies is a useful way to impart such biological information to those who wish to explore the natural world around them. The objective of this field guide is to provide a book of photographs which aid in the identification and appreciation of some two hundred Australian butterfly species, about half of the total described species in this country. The field guide provides a brief but adequate introduction explaining the classification, life histories, morphology and geographic distribution of Australian butterflies. It is then divided into sections corresponding to the six families of butterflies represented in Australia. Each section gives a brief overview of the unique morphological characters, geographic distribution and life cycle of that family. A noteworthy feature of this guide is the inclusion of several pages of excellent photographs of early life stages at the beginning of each family section. Ideally, though, it would have been desirable to have photographs of the early life stages for all species presented, to complement the adult photographs.


In recent years the summer sports of kite surfing and dirt biking have developed winter equivalents: the new sports of snow kiting and snow biking are introducing more recreationalists to avalanche terrain. When snow safety skills lag behind a riders' ability to access steep, snow covered terrain, accidents may occur. Backcountry users, educators, and forecasters can explore the possibilities and potential problems that arise with the advent and growth of each sport.


●Abstract● Objective: A case of cavernous dural arteriovenous fi stula (DAVF) that was successfully treated by targeted transvenous embolization using 3D rotational angiography (3D-RA) is described. Clinical presentation: A 75-year-old woman presented with diplopia. Workup imaging indicated left cavernous DAVF with cortical venous refl ux via the left superfi cial middle cerebral veins. Results: 3D-RA showed that all the dural feeding arteries converged into a small superior posterior-lateral compartment of the left cavernous sinus. Platinum coils were transvenously placed in the small compartment where the shunt existed for complete obliteration of the fi stula and at the origin of the left superfi cial cerebral veins for obliteration of the cortical refl ux. Conclusions: 3D-RA provided a better comprehension of angioarchitectural details as well as the location of the shunt and the origin of venous refl ux. The delay time was considered to be one of the important parameters to obtain better 3D reconstructed images. ●Key Words● cavernous sinus, endovascular surgery, delay time, dural arteriovenous fi stula, 3D-rotational angiography


The solution of multidomain/multiphysics problems is a computationally and memory demanding process, especially for large-scale differential equations. In this paper, we propose a cloud application that provides users a solution environment for multiphysics/multidomain problems utilizing cloud technologies that manage pre-existing hardware, network, operating system and applications. Particularly, according to the problem and its computational demands, the user can have the results from any place and any device without any other concern. The user sets the problem's parameters, chooses the solution method that fits better to the specific problem and finally gets the problem solution. The application dynamically allocates the minimum possible resources automatically in the background without the user's interference.


Continuous measurement of the Blood Pressure (BP) is important in hypertensive patientsand elderly population. Traditional cuff based methods are difficult to use since it is uncomfortable towear a cuff throughout the day. A more suitable method is to estimate the BP using the Photoplethysmography(PPG) signal. However, it is difficult to estimate a BP when the PPG is corrupted withMotion Artifacts (MAs). In this paper, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) an extension of RecurrentNeural Networks (RNN) is used used to improve the accuracy of the estimation of the BP from thecorrupted PPG. It shows that an accuracy of 97.86 is achieved.


Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are now widely adopted in our life. To fulfil various energy and power requirements in real-world applications, battery cells are connected to form battery packs. The cell-to-cell difference exists in the battery pack after manufactured, and this difference will further deteriorates when the battery cells are exposed and used in various operating conditions. This unavoidable cell-to-cell difference results in early cut-off on the battery pack, which influences the performance of the battery pack and makes accurately estimating the battery pack SOC challenging. This paper proposes a novel real-time algorithm to effectively identify the most significant cells in a serial-connected battery pack in order to accurately estimate the SOC of the battery pack. A battery pack composed of ten serial-connected battery cells is carried out in this paper to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the most significant cells are successfully identified, and the SOC of the battery pack is estimated accurately based on the identified most significant cell.


An apparatus for producing very small amount of liquid and the delivery method, the carrier system comprising a microstructure cavity. A case where the present invention is low cost in mass production, but also to meet the requirements of high accuracy and cross sectional shape of the microstructure and to ensure that the proposed measurement technique improved optical analysis conditions. The overall structure of the carrier is prepared by, between the carrier portion is provided to be plate-like adhesive layer in a dissolved state have a layer of material of the material layer composition into the carrier portion with the classification, and its layer thickness ratio microstructure cavity width and depth dimension is much smaller. The device is mainly used as an analytical instrument medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology.


Immuno-suppressive regimens of glucocorticoids combined with cytotoxic drugs, particularly cyclophosphamide, are effective for the treatment of severe lupus nephritis. However, cyclophosphamide has serious side effects, such as bone marrow suppression, gonadal toxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis and cancer. Mycophenolate mofetil (MM), a cytotoxic agent selective for lymphocytes, compares favorably with cyclophosphamide in terms of side effects.


An asymptotic high‐frequency solution is developed for the near‐sonic grazing ("creeping") pressure wave on a cylindrical shell lightly loaded by an external fluid and excited by a point force at frequencies below the critical frequency. The grazing waves travel along helical paths from the source, and the amplitude falls off cylindrically (R−1/2) with the geodesic distance R and exponentially as f1/3R/ρ2/3, where f is the frequency and ρ is the radius of curvature along the helix. The amplitude of the wave is path dependent, varying inversely as ρ1/3. The parametric dependence of the current result is, to first order, equivalent to that for the creeping wave solution for an appropriately chosen volume velocity source on a rigid cylinder, previously derived by other authors. The relationship to the grazing field solution for an infinite flat plate will be discussed.


"Reality" shows have exploded on television screens around the world. The latest "hot commodity" dominating television programming, these shows have captured astonishing viewer ratings. While a decade ago MTV's Real World inaugurated this genre of programming—accentuating a voyeuristic gaze among audiences and an exhibitionistic streak among participants—in the last two years it has moved from being a fad to become a staple on television lineups. US television, for instance, has focused on creating ever more (apparently) unscripted "human experiment" type shows, at the expense of other genres such as the prime-time serial. Journalistic accounts indicate that audiences are either riveted by what their supporters describe as compelling insights into the human condition, or find them boring and unattractive. Given the voyeuristic impulse of this genre and the vastly divergent responses it evokes, we seek to use the Criticism and Commentary section to highlight gender as a crucial variable in this phenomenon. The economics of "reality television" production—cheap telly—might explain why programmers rely on them to capture the "ideal" youth audience. But what accounts for their popularity with viewers? Among the many questions which are thrown up by the preponderance of "housemate" shows such as Big Brother and Survivor, as well as the more traditional dating shows, are: Do these shows reflect changing social mores, especially of relationships between women and men who meet as strangers? When a nation of viewers selects the ideal mate for a contestant, what does this practice signify? Does the prevalence of these shows alter modern conceptions of heterosexual romance, and do viewer preferences reinforce or challenge traditional stereotypes about the ideals of femininity and masculinity? Why do the embarrassment and humiliation that are an important part of the format of such shows enthrall audiences and are there gendered dimensions to this phenomenon? One producer asserts that the shows appeal to a "female-oriented audience and the females want to see the romance." Is the ubiquity of this genre on prime-time schedules an industry acknowledgment, albeit tacitly, of the significance of the female viewer or are women being cynically targeted for what they are worth to the advertisers? Does the popularity of Queer Eye for the Straight Guy herald a new openness to gay male identity or does it recapitulate gay stereotypes packaged in a new format? Television programming's ability to cross national and cultural borders has long been acknowledged by scholars. What sense then can we make of the international


We would like to congratulate the authors for their study [1]. First, in this study, which is stated to be conducted retrospectively, it is really interesting to be able to standardize the way 180 patients underwent pulmonary functional test (PFT) in terms of the factors affecting blood transfusion. Although the PFTs performed in the patients make this study more valuable than other similar studies in examining the role of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a risk factor for transfusion, information as to why and on which patients PFTs were performed should be stated. Otherwise, questions may arise on how such a homogenous patient group was obtained. No statistical difference was found between the COPD and non-COPD patients in terms of the crucial preoperative parameters for blood transfusion such as aspirin, coumadin, antiplatelet and adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor usage, preoperative haematocrit values, emergency surgery rates, postoperative heparin, coumadin, aspirin and clopidogrel usage, making the study one of great value. As far as can be seen, two parameters showing a significant difference between the groups were smoking and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) durations. How would the authors explain that durations are longer in the non-COPD group compared with the COPD group, while proportion of subjects requiring a blood transfusion was greater in the COPD group, although the latter was not statistically significant? The reason for asking this is because present knowledge shows that the rates of blood transfusion increase with the prolongation of CPB duration [2, 3]. In addition, is there any difference between both the groups in terms of redo cases? Redo cases are known to cause more bleeding, and a greater amount of blood and blood products is used in these patients. What are the criteria of blood transfusion in the patients? Is there any difference between both the groups if these criteria had included the postoperative drainage quantity? We believe that this well-planned and standardized study would be much more perfect if the above-mentioned considerations could be clarified.


In this article, Anthony David looks at examples of cost-saving strategies when investing in new or updating school IT equipment.


In the wake of independence in October 1918, the leaders of Czechoslovakia designated a multitude of national symbols for the nascent state, among them a flag, an anthem, an emblem, coinage, holidays, and stamps. Czech (and Slovak) art, drama, literature, and music commemorated new heroes and resurrected national historic figures ignored under Austria-Hungary. In this break with the past, national memory helped legitimate the new Czechoslovakia through celebration of the anti-Habsburg leaders in the struggle for independence and through denigration of former Habsburg rulers. Some nationalist Czechs, particularly the Czech legionnaires who had served in the Czechoslovak Army Abroad during World War I, were not content with the simple construction or reconstitution of Czech national symbols, but demanded in addition the destruction of numerous symbols of Habsburg rule. Thus, physical representations of the Habsburg past, many of which were to be found in the German-populated border regions of the Bohemian lands, became targets of their opprobrium.


The hysteromyoma models were copied by giving Wistar rats an injection of estrin(im). After feeding tianbaokang (TBK), the inhibition effects of TBK on the inhibition of hysteromyoma, contractility of internal uteri and the structural changes of uteri of rats were examined with 4\|physiologic recording instrument and microscopy. The results showed that estrin was the main factor which caused hysteromyoma to happen and grow; the contraction frequency, contraction tension, contraction amplitude and the activity of utrine smooth muscle were higher by feeding TBK than by feeding gongxuening ( P 0.01~0.001).Microscopic observation showed that there appeared the preliferation of cells such as the endometrial glands polar hyperplasia, criss-cross myometrial fibers and hypertrophy of nuclei crowded together; on the contrary, other structures of the myometrial fibers were disappearing, the uterine cavity was full of secretory juice and the body of uterus distinct grew up in model group. All above-mentioned changes in the characteristics of uteri were minor in xiyin(XY) group. All characteristics of uteri in TBK prevention group were the same as those of that group of no mal rats. Lots of changed characteristics of uteri in TBK treated group were recovered similar to that of no mal rats. Results suggest that antagonistic effect of TBK on estrin is obvious, which can prevent and treat the case of hysteromyoma. It is quite evident that the treatment effect of TBK is better than that of XY( P 0.01~0.001).


In the field of breast cancer study, it has become accepted that crucial exposures to environmental risks might have occurred years before a malignant tumor is evident in human breasts, while age factors such as ages at menstruation have been known as risks for the disease already. To project trends in two such kinds of risks for the disease, the concept of environment effects is introduced for (age, period)‐specific breast cancer mortality rates. Also, a new model, named the age–environment (AE) model, which assumes that the logarithm of the expected rate is a linear function of environment effects and age effects, is proposed. It is shown that, although environment effects have different meanings from period effects or cohort effects, in the age–period–cohort (APC) model, the range space of the design matrix for the AE model is included in that for APC model. It is seen, however, that the AE model provides a better fit to the data for females in Japan and the four Nordic countries than does the APC model in terms of AIC. From the results of ML estimation of the parameters in the AE model based on the data obtained in Japan, we see high levels of environment effects associated with the Sino–Japanese war, World War II and the environmental pollution due to the economy in the recovery period from the defeat. Besides, from those based on the data obtained in the four Nordic countries, we see high levels of environment effects associated with the environment becoming worse after the year of Helsinki Olympics and low levels of them associated with the period including the year of 'Miracle of the Winter War' in Finland. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Using ABT powder in the breeding of seabuckthorn could not only promote the seed germination,enhance the plant percent,but also significantly promote the growth of nursery seedling.


A distance learning administrator's need for an executive survey of breaking developments is not unique—especially when so much information is now available. One author used the following comparison to describe the information age in which distance learning administrators now live and work: "A weekday edition of the New York Times contains more information than the average person was likely to come across in a lifetime in seventeenth-century England" (Wurman, 1989, p. 32). This same author also stated, now almost 20 years ago, that "more new information has been produced in the last 30 years than in the previous 5,000 . . . and the total of all printed knowledge doubles every eight years" (Wurman, 1989, p. 35). It is no wonder that "seven out of 10 office workers in the United States feel overwhelmed by information in the workplace, and more than two in five say they are headed for a data 'breaking point,' according to a recently released Workplace Productivity Survey, . . ." (Tahmincioglu, 2008). Some distance education administrators fear that they might not be keeping up with critical developments in their field because there is just too much information to sort through; or that they are not receiving the best information available; or they just don't have enough time to get through it all, so why try. One author captured this current-day information overload with these words:


*Professor of Control Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, The University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, UK. This special issue on the use of computers in the teaching of control analysis and design methods has been published for several reasons. Foremost is the belief of many educationalists that this approach brings many benefits. These include relieving the student of the tedium of repetitive calculations: the ease, and flexibility with which various analytical approaches to a particular problem can be compared; the opportunity to tackle more realistic problems; the ability to display quickly the effects of changing a parameter on the system behaviour; and the opportunity provided for the student to learn from computer sessions in his own time and at his own pace. To illustrate the variety of approaches being used, the papers have been selected to cover work on computers from microcomputers


The cyclic oxidation behavior of the Ti-60 titanium alloy,and Ti-48AI and Ti-48AI-12Cr (atomic fraction,%) coatings at 800℃were studied.The results showed that the Ti-60 titanium alloy showed poor oxidation resistance in the process of cyclic oxidation at 800℃,occurring with oxidation scales fall.The Ti-48AI and Ti-48AI-12Cr coatings showed good oxidation resistance at 800℃.For the Ti-48AI-12Cr coating,the weight gain is much less than that of the Ti-48AI coating,showing better cyclic oxidation resistance.


The operation of p+-n-n+silicon avalanche diodes with conversion efficiencies as high as 50 percent in the 0.9 to 1.7 GHz range is shown to be completely consistent with a trapped-plasma-mode explanation. Detailed sampling oscilloscope measurements of external current and dV/dt waveforms have strongly substantiated Evans' analysis for the interaction between standard coaxial cavities and trapped-plasma-mode oscillators, and provided direct confirmation of the principal features of the trapped-plasma mode. The experimental dV/dt waveforms indicated the presence of peak displacement currents prior to breakdown, that were on the order of 1.5 times the critical current ( q N_{d}v_{s} ), required to launch a traveling avalanche zone. Approximately determined conduction-current waveforms exhibited larger currents during the shock front transit than during the extraction period. The terminal voltage during the extraction period was found to be near zero. The 4-GHz upper bound frequency and 1-GHz optimum frequency for the fundamental trapped-plasma mode were found to be consistent with the analytical calculations made by Cottam for diodes with doping and width similar to those studied and for waveforms similar to those observed.


Customer's loyalty results in long-run market share of a firm, which is a base for retaining loyal customers. Marketing strategies pertaining to customer retention and customer acquisition are examined for five major global mobile service providers in Nigeria. Here we proposed a mathematical model to explore firm market share analysis, customer retention and switching rate. The customer retention rate and switching rate would be assumed in the model to be constant from time to time because of our underlying assumption that our Markov models have a finite chain and with stationary transition probabilities. How these probability values will be used to compute each firm's market share is demonstrated. Finally, we used the Markov model to design marketing strategy to raise the customer retention rate and the rate of gaining competitor's customers.


We will first introduce some fundamental concepts in magnetic resonances, including gyromagnetic ratio, angular and spin momentum, categories of magnetic materials, the sensitivity of NMR. In this process, you will need some basic physics knowledge of quantum mechanics, classical mechanics, and thermodynamics. Additional reading of relevant materials from some online lecture notes or Wikipedia will also help.