Objective To observe the efficacy of efficacy of aerosol inhalation of magnesium sulfate in combination with salbutamol sulfate in the treatment of acute attack of pediatric asthma. Methods 100 children with acute attack of mild to moderate asthma were selected and divided into two groups randomly. 44 cases in Control Group underwent ultrasonic aerosol inhalation of 2.5 mg salbutamol dissolved in 15 m L of 0.9% normal saline; 56 cases in Observation Group underwent ultrasonic aerosol inhalation of a combination of 2.5 mg albuterol sulfare solution and 4.5 m L of 10% of magnesium sulfate solution dissolved in 15 m L of 0.9% normal saline. After three-day treatment, the sick children were compared in terms of peak expiratory flow(PEF), clinical efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions. Results After three-day treatment, both groups had significantly improved PEF, and Observation Group had a more significant improvement, and a better clinical efficacy than Control Group, and the difference was statistically significant(P0.01 or 0.05). 5 cases in Observation Group had pale complexion after inhalation but no other adverse reactions, which was self relieved after a rest of 3-5 min while Control Group had no adverse reactions. Conclusion Aerosol inhalation of magnesium sulfate in combination with salbutamol sulfate had a better clinical effect and can relieve asthma symptoms more quickly than single application of salbutamol sulfate for the children with acute attack of mild-to-moderate asthma.


This paper introduced the method of load test for prestressed skew T-beams of K9+639 bridge on Tong-San highway. Based on the test result, a credible appraisal of the prefabricate T-beams was gained. At the same time, some reference to similar study were offered.


The convergence of telecommunication and broadcasting has already become actual and universal. This trend of fusion lead to the change of the administrative regulations. But the latter can't follows up the former timely, especially in Korea. In the United States of America, FCC(Federal Communication Commission) works in the both fields of telecommunication and broadcasting. In contrast, MIC(Ministry of Information and Communication) and KBC(Korea Broadcasting Commission) divide the regulated industry into two parts, the telecommunication and the broadcasting, in Korea. Thus the conflict of regulatory competence has increasingly occurred in various aspects. This article only deals with the problem about M&A(Mergers and Acquisitions), in the concrete, the influence of the convergence of telecommunication and broadcasting on the legal aspects of M&A. Under the circumstance of the convergence, the legal problems of the present competition regulation system would be diagnosed, and also improvement suggestions would be made in this article.


The TonB system energizes transport of essential nutrients, such as iron siderophores, across unenergized outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. The integral cytoplasmic membrane proteins of the TonB system--ExbB, ExbD, and TonB--transduce the protonmotive force of the cytoplasmic membrane to TonB-dependent outer membrane transporters for active transport. ExbD protein is anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane, with the majority of it occupying the periplasm. We previously identified a conserved motif within a periplasmic disordered domain that is essential for TonB system function. Here we demonstrated that export of a peptide derived from that motif into the periplasm prevented TonB system function and inhibited all known ExbD interactions in vivo. Formaldehyde crosslinking captured the ExbD peptide in multiple ExbD and TonB complexes. Furthermore, peptides with mutations in the conserved motif not only had significantly reduced ability to inhibit TonB system activity, but they also altered interactions with ExbD and TonB, indicating the specificity of the interaction. Conserved motif peptide interactions with ExbD and TonB mostly occurred between Stage II and Stage III of the TonB energy transduction cycle, a transition that is characterized by the use of protonmotive force. Taken together, the data suggest that the ExbD disordered domain motif has multiple interactions with TonB and ExbD during between Stage II and III of the TonB energization cycle. Because of the essentiality of the motif, it may be a potential template for design of novel antibiotics that target the TonB system. IMPORTANCE Gram-negative bacteria are intrinsically antibiotic-resistant due to the diffusion barrier posed by their outer membranes. The TonB system allows them to circumvent this barrier for their own nutritional needs, including iron. The ability of bacteria to acquire iron is a virulence factor for many Gram-negative pathogens. However, no antibiotics currently target the TonB system. Because TonB and ExbD must interact productively in the periplasm for transport across the outer membrane, they constitute attractive targets for potential antibiotic development where chemical characteristics need not accommodate the need to cross the hydrophobic cytoplasmic membrane. Here we show that a small ExbD-derived peptide can interfere with the TonB-ExbD interaction to inhibit the TonB system in vivo.


The narrow, elongated morphology of the river islands called the Anavilhanas Archipelago, found in the lower Rio Negro, suggests sedimentation processes which differ from other Amazon tributaries, which have lens-shaped river islands. A study of the geochemistry of the water and sediment of the Rio Negro, Rio Branco, and Rio Solimoes suggested that kaolinitic suspended sediments from the Rio Branco were being flocculated by the acid black water of the Rio Negro, due to pH reduction to the zero point of charge of the sediment, and because of the formation of humic-kaolin clay complexes. No sediment flocculation was observed where the Rio Negro combined with the Rio Solimoes; as the pH change at this convergence was slight. Sedimentation of flocculates in the lower Rio Negro produces unstratified deposits, which are manifested by elongated islands consisting mainly of silt and clay, and bed sediment of very-high clay content.


Tree‐ring and peat stratigraphy data were examined back to 5000 BC in order to identify and compare humidity changes in Fennoscandia. The temporal variation in distribution of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was used as a measure of past lake‐level fluctuations in central Sweden. The chronology, which spans 2893 BC–AD 1998 with minor gaps in AD 887–907 and 1633–1650 BC and with additional floating chronologies back to 4868 BC, was cross‐dated and fixed to an absolute timescale using a chronology from Torneträsk, northern Sweden. The peat stratigraphy from the Stömyren peat bog, south‐central Sweden, was transformed into humification indices to evaluate humidity changes during the past 8000 years. The peat chronology is established by four tephra datings and eight 14C datings. Synchronous periods of drier conditions, interpreted from regeneration and the mortality pattern of pine, tree‐ring chronology and peat humification, were recognized at c. 4900–4800 BC, 2400–2200 BC, 2100–1800 BC, 1500–1100 BC, AD 50–200, AD 400–600 and AD 1350–1500. Possible wetter periods were encountered at 3600–3400 BC, 3200–2900 BC, 2200–2100 BC, 1700–1500 BC, 1100–900 BC, 100 BC‐AD 50, AD 200–400, AD 750–900 and AD 1550–1700. The wet and dry periods revealed by the tree rings and peat stratigraphy data indicate considerable humidity changes in the Holocene.


The relative importance of the underground shoot parts (hypocotyl) and roots of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings on the absorption of alachlor [a-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl- N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide] was studied in a glasshouse experiment. A layer of activated charcoal divided the soil in each pot into a shoot and a root zone. Three herbicide treatments entailed the mixing of alachlor with soil from either the shoot or the root zone, as well as with soil from both zones. Exposure of sunflower roots, or roots plus shoots, to alachlor caused significant reductions in growth. Alachlor, present in the shoot zone only, had little or no effect. Results indicate that alachlor absorption occurred primarily in the root zone, thus implying that selectivity of the herbicide in sunflower may, at least partly, be dependent on depth-protection.


This paper investigates the compressive and flexural behavior of a closed-cell fly ash-based geopolymer foam with a density of 240 kg/m3. The influence of loading speed (0.1, 10, 100, 250 and 500 mm/min) and anisotropy (in-plane and out-of-plane directions) on the compressive mechanical properties at room temperature were investigated. Under compressive loads, the stress-strain curves shows a cellular material typical behavior with three different regions: linear-elastic, plateau and densification region. On the other hand, the three-point bending tests were carried out on both un-notched and notched specimens (for fracture toughness determination). In compression, the foam progressively collapsed with a complete destruction of the successive rows of cells, while in the case of bending it exhibited a brittle behavior without plastic deformation, the fracture occurring by the propagation of a single crack.


A key is given to the 8 recorded species of Australophlebotomus (6 from Australia, 2 from Papua New Guinea). Both sexes of 3 species are known. The taxonomy of 6 species is brought up to date, 2 new ones (Phlebotomus acuminatus and P. mackerrasi) are described, a taxonomic problem involving the 2 common Australian species is resolved and the known distribution of species is shown. The affinities, status, diagnosis, origin, food preferences and trophic morphology of Austratophlebotomus are discussed.


By tracing the citations made by authors in the IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices to the Physical Review and other scientific journals, a record of information flows from science to technology was obtained. Evaluation of this record revealed the importance of a group of industrial scientists who serve as an intellectual bridge between the scientific and technological sectors. It was found that the scientific papers cited in the IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices tend to be considerably older than the techological papers cited therein. Moreover, the median age of the Physical Review papers cited has been increasing over time, from about five years during the late 1950's to more than ten years during 1971-1975. The number of Physical Review papers cited per year by authors of Transactions papers on solid-state technology has been growing somewhat over the past two decades, but the percentage of the citations which are to the Physical Review and other scientific journals has fallen. This suggests that the magnitude of science-technoloy coupling has been increasing, but at a rate slower than the overall growth of the solid-state components field.


This paper presents first an overview over commercial microwave sensor systems in the field of level measurement of liquids and bulk goods. Advances in microwave technique and digital signal processing created new markets in process engineering. There a two classes of microwave level sensor systems: high precision sensor for storage tanks and sensors for process tank with hard measuring conditions like high temperature, pressre, turbulrnces, agitators etc. There exist cw as well as pulse radar systems. The signal processing in tanks differs from standard free space distance measrement because of the compatively small measuring distance and the variety of multiple and unwanted echo paths. Special features of this signal processing are prsented. Commercial available microwave sensors also can be adapted for distance measument and distance warning of autonomous systems. Selfcalibration by phase analysis can cut hardware costs of fmcw radar systems. Further an example for using a commercial level sensor in the field of nondestrutve material testing is presented.


Parasitic protozoans, identified as Haemogregarina aeglefini (Henry), were found in erythrocytes of two gadiform fish, Melanogrammus aeglefinus (haddock) and Gaidropsaurus cimbrius (four-bearded rockling). The latter species also harboured trypanosomes in its blood plasma, and a kind of intracellular parasite-like inclusions in macrophages of the spleen, the pronephros and the liver. Most specimens of Gaidropsaurus cimbrius had leeches (Callobdella nodulifera) attached to the skin. A remarkable abundance of blood leucocytes noted in Gaidropsaurus cimbrius may be a response to haematozoan infections.


Summary In Australia, research on the irrigation of trees with effluents commenced in the 1970s. Initial trials tested the survival and early growth of more than 60 native and exotic species irrigated with municipal effluent. Later work has concentrated on species from the genera Eucalyptus. Casuarina, Pinus and Populus, with the most detailed research being conducted with Pinus radiata (radiata pine). Aspects studied so far include the effects of effluent irrigation on tree production, wood quality, nutrition, photosynthesis, transpiration, and changes in soil properties. There are now several projects across Australia where tree plantations are being irrigated with recycled water at an operational level. Described in this paper are three case studies: first, a 30 ha plantation of Populus spp. (poplars) established in 1980 in Victoria; second, a 20 ha plantation of Eucalyptus spp. (eucalypts) established in 1984 in South Australia; and third, a 25 ha plantation of E. camaldulensis (river red gum) establi...


Renewable raw materials from agriculture help to reduce greenhouse gases, as they expand the CO2 cycle and release less greenhouse gases than fossil raw materials when used for energy purposes. However, since high levels of nitrous oxide are released, especially by organic fertilization, no emission-free production of renewable raw materials is possible so far. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to replace organic and mineral fertilizers with nitrogen-binding systems. Here, diazotrophic (atmospheric nitrogen fixing), terrestrial cyanobacteria provide a way to fix atmospheric nitrogen and pass it on to plants for the production of renewable raw materials. Especially terrestrial cyanobacteria grow embedded in a thick matrix of extracellular polymeric substances which can contribute to a desirable soil stabilization and thus protection against soil erosion and to promoting water retention in the soil.

The main goal of this research is the sustainable establishment of nitrogen-fixing terrestrial cyanobacteria, which are immobilized on biodegradable carriers, in the ground in agriculture. Based on the aerosol-based photobioreactors constructed and established at the chair of bioprocess engineering, a new reactor system for the cultivation of cyanobacteria on carriers was developed and characterized. In addition, a screening for potential diazotrophic terrestrial cyanobacteria including the formation from vegetative cells to heterocysts (nitrogen fixing cells), nitrogen uptake and release rates for the use in the German agricultural economy was performed. A proof-of-principle to prove the use of terrestrial cyanobacteria as fertilizer for a climate-friendly production of renewable resources was tested by sowing seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana on agar plates with and without nitrogen as well as with and without a diazotrophic phototrophic biofilm.

This project is financially supported by the def DFG (UL 170/16-1) and the “Landesforschungsschwerpunkt NanoKat”.


Certain features and problems are discussed of the taxi industry which has 190,000 vehicles, carries 25 percent of the commuter traffic and serves 3,400 cities of all sizes. An important feature of the industry is the group riding or demand-responsive transportation service. Contracts have been entered into with schools, and special education schools. Service is provided for welfare recipients and handicapped persons requiring wheelchair service. Package delivery and jitney service are also provided. One of the problems faced by the industry is retention of accumulated revenues. Ninety five percent of the money from the taxi meter goes to employees. During the past 10 years, the industry has moved from employer-employee businesses to a lessee relation in when the company provides licensed system insurance, dispatching, and coordination and rents the car to the driver. The frequent entry-exit problem is illustrated by the service in Washington, D.C. which has 8,000 licensed taxis and an estimated 1,500 on the streets in the best of times. Central coordination will improve the situation.


ABSTRACT This article explores the emergent intersectional framework and forms of activism among feminist/queer university students against government policies that attack participatory democracy, citizenship rights, and spaces of freedom and solidarity in Turkey. An increasing number of student activists find it difficult to engage and mobilize around single-issue politics; instead, they tend to define social justice in its most comprehensive terms, build associations across diverse forms of disempowerment and struggle, and identify themselves with multi-issue politics and intersectional activism. Their youth, political, and feminist/queer subjectivity enables our 41 respondents to cultivate a predisposition toward intersectional understandings. The conscious, reflexive, and staunch agency of student activists can be productively understood through the intersectional lens of their collective refusal and struggles against the governmentality of the nation-state. Our findings show that the intersectional framework is employed by the respondents in two ways: (1) to internalize intersectional tenets and engage in intersectional activism, and (2) to dissociate themselves from the mainstreamed and professionalized aspects of that activism. This article unravels the variety and complexity around the concept, sheds light on the challenges that face feminist/queer student activists in contemporary Turkey, and considers how they respond by engaging intersectionality in multiple ways.


Copyright © 2003, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. ABSTRACT Data warehouses with proven capabilities to deal with the massive amounts of information have already won the acceptance of many large organizations. This acceptance now is having users look for support of more complex data rather than just supporting data from legacy file systems and relational databases. While the incorporation of the object database technology has been one choice, the Object/Relational Database Management Systems (ORDBMSs), a blend of the Relational and Object technologies aimed at reaping the best of the both, is the preferred option. This paper presents a model for an ORDBMS based data warehouse. The model provides an infrastructure for the user to work with data represented in the form of classes, analyze it using tools, and also query the database at an abstract level. The model has been tested with a prototype using Oracle 8 in the backend and Java to build the analysis tools and user interface.


The non-Newtonian viscosities of polystyrene and polyisobutylene were measured in various solvents over a wide range of shearing stress, τ (up to the order of 104 dynes/cm.2). The shear dependence of the intrinsic viscosities, [η], is closely related to the molecular extension of the polymers. The non-Newtonian behavior of a polymer is greatest in a "good" solvent and least at Flory's Θ temperature. The maximum percentagewise drop in the intrinsic viscosities at highest attainable shearing stress was found to increase with increasing root-mean-square end-to-end distance, 〈r2〉1/2, of the polymer chains in "good" solvents. By plotting [η]τ = ∞/[η] τ = 0 against 〈r2〉1/2 / 〈rof2〉1/2(where 〈rof2〉1/2 is the theoretical 〈r2〉1/2 assuming free rotation about the chemical bonds of the polymer chains), the shear dependence of the intrinsic viscosities appeared to be absent when 〈r2〉1/2 / 〈rof2〉1/2 was extrapolated to unity. Furthermore, polymer having different degrees of chain stiffness seemed to form a composite curve in the plot, where the stiffer chains exhibited the most drastic drop in the intrinsic viscosities. Additional support was given with the experimental results of polydimethylsiloxane and cellulose triacetate solutions.


The pulse ring comprises an inner ring 12 made from a steel pressed plate, and an outer ring 13 made from a pressed steel plate, the inner ring 12 having at one its ends a plurality of radial projections 14 evenly distributed and the outer ring 13 having a plurality of axial teeth 16 distributed equally; the outer ring 13 is fitted on the inner ring 12 with the teeth 16 received in the notches 15 formed between the projections 14 of the inner ring 12, the ends 16a of the teeth 16 being bent inwardly against the end of said ring interior so as to couple said outer ring with said inner ring.


Qualities of wine grapes can vary across a vineyard, creating opportunities either to exploit those variations to create different wine styles, or to apply precision viticultural techniques to optimise inputs. Visible/near infrared spectroscopy (VNIRS) has been shown to be useful in evaluation of grape quality parameters. Therefore, our aim is to use VNIRS to evaluate grape quality on the discharge conveyor of a grape harvester, in the short term providing information about spatial distribution of crop quality, and in the long term facilitating improved viticultural practices.


Question In adults with subclinical hypothyroidism, what is the effect of thyroid hormone therapy on quality of life (QoL) and thyroid-related symptoms? Review scope Included studies compared thyroid hormone therapy (triiodothyronine, thyroxine, or both) with no treatment or placebo for 1 month in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (thyrotropin level > reference range and free thyroxine level within reference range) who were followed for 3 months. Exclusion criteria were subclinical hypothyroidism with another specified condition or including only women who were pregnant or planning pregnancy. Primary outcomes were QoL and thyroid-related symptoms (measured using hypothyroid specific scales); secondary outcomes included fatigue and tiredness, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and cardiovascular events. Review methods MEDLINE, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, Emcare, and Academic Search Premier (all to Jul 2018), ClinicalTrials.gov, and reference lists were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). 21 RCTs ( n =2192, mean age range 32 to 74 y, 46% to 100% women, treatment duration 3 to 18 mo, baseline mean thyrotropin range 4.4 to 12.8 mIU/L) compared levothyroxine (17 RCTs) or thyroxine (4 RCTs) with no intervention (3 RCTs) or placebo (18 RCTs). Risk for bias was low for randomization (7 RCTs), concealment (9 RCTs), and blinding of participants (10 RCTs) and outcome assessors (14 RCTs). Quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Main results The main results of the meta-analyses are in the Table. Thyroid hormone therapy did not affect cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.69; low quality of evidence). Conclusion In adults with subclinical hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone therapy does not improve quality of life or thyroid-related symptoms. Thyroid hormone therapy vs no therapy or placebo in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism* Outcomes Number of trials ( n) At 3 to 18 mo GRADE quality of evidence SMD (95% CI) General quality of life 4 (796) 0.11 (0.25 to 0.03) High Thyroid-related symptoms 4 (858) 0.01 (0.12 to 0.14) High Fatigue and tiredness 1 (638) 0.01 (0.16 to 0.15) Moderate Depressive symptoms 4 (278) 0.10 (0.34 to 0.13) Moderate Cognitive function 4 (859) 0.09 (0.05 to 0.22) Moderate Mean difference (CI) Systolic blood pressure 8 (1372) 0.70 mm Hg (2.6 to 1.2) High Body mass index 15 (1633) 0.2 kg/m 2(0.4 to 0.8) High *SMD = standard mean difference; other abbreviations defined in Glossary. High quality = high confidence that the true effect is close to the estimate; moderate quality = moderate confidence that the true effect is likely close to the estimate but could be substantially different. SMDs derived from transformed estimates from different scales for the same outcome domain across studies; values of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 from fixed-effect meta-analysis correspond, respectively, to small, moderate, and large clinical effects. Commentary The review by Feller and colleagues on therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism addresses a clinical issue often encountered by internists and family physicians. Should patients who, for whatever reason, have had a thyroid function test showing a slightly elevated TSH level (4.5 to 10 mIU/L) and a normal thyroxine level receive treatment? The review concludes that QoL and most hypothyroid-related symptoms are not improved with thyroid hormone replacement, and most clinical outcomes (e.g., cardiovascular-related disease) do not consistently show benefit. The criteria for patients in the included trials will be familiar to clinicians: fatigue, muscle achiness, weight gain, drowsiness, or related symptomswhich lead to orders for thyroid tests. Another clinical scenario in which subclinical hypothyroidism might be detected is when clinicians follow guideline recommendations to screen for thyroid disease every 5 years (1), although this is not supported by the US Preventive Services Task Force (2). Regardless, a somewhat elevated TSH level, even with a normal thyroxine level, provides the impetus for clinicians to treat patients with thyroid hormone. Responding to such a clinical scenario may not be easy. Clinicians need to feel confident of having made a correct diagnosis; recall that, with time, elevated TSH results may correct without intervention; and resist pressure from patients to treat. They also need to clearly convey to patients such potential effects of overtreatment as hypertension, atrial tachyarrhythmia, emotional irritability, and other symptoms of hyperthyroidism resulting from excess thyroxine replacement, as well as the lack of demonstrated symptom relief as shown in the review. Feller and colleagues compellingly argue that clinicians should wait a short time (1 to 3 mo) and repeat TSH and thyroxine tests to determine whether levels have normalized. If they remain abnormal, clinicians can discuss with the patient that thyroid hormone replacement might not improve QoL thyroid-related symptoms, fatigue and tiredness, depressive symptoms, or cognitive function.


T-DMB(Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) system, is based on the Eureka-147 standard, provides various multimedia data services. However T-DMB system needs upgrades for more various services and better services. Therefore, we proposed advanced T-DMB system using unequal error protection system and hierarchical modulation in this paper while maintaing backward compatibility. And we simulated various bit split methods and double binary turbo code of DVB-RCS standard as method of LP data stream for additional service of advanced T-DMB. As the simulation results, double binary turbo code of proposed advanced T-DMB system have each coding gain of over 2 dB compared to conventional T-DMB.


The increasing number and availability of chemotherapeutic and biologic agents that merit testing in multiple sclerosis (MS) has highlighted the need to coordinate planning among medical centers and agree on systems of assessing clinical change, as pointed out previously by Brown et al. 1 This report provides a brief overview of some of the current methods of functional assessment and suggests that though investigators at different centers may adapt scoring techniques to their special interests, multicenter collaboration will be enhanced by the inclusion of a core system assuring aggregation of comparable information on the largest possible number of patients. Sibley 2 described three categories of therapeutic agents: (1) completely effective agents that halt progress and reverse signs and symptoms partially or completely, (2) completely ineffective agents that are associated with considerable improvement because of placebo responses, particularly in early stages of the disease, and (3) partially effective agents in which


The response of an amperometric oxidase enzyme electrode, monitored by the consumption of oxygen, was numerically modeled using a two substrate model. The reduction current was found to be sensitive to the thiele modulus, Φ, which is dependent on the square of the biorecognition matrix thickness and the concentration of active enzyme within this matrix. The detectable concentration range to which the sensor can be used can be extended by reducing the membrane thickness or the enzyme loading, both of which reduce the signal change with substrate additions. The dependence of Φ on the square of the membrane thickness makes the sensor design exceedingly sensitive to minor changes in thickness and hence manufacturing of reproducible sensors with common deposition methods exceedingly difficult.


Financial analysts and researchers use accounting-based measures of profitability to assess the past performance of firms and as a starting point in forecasting future performance. Research and development costs can distort profitability measures because firms are required to expense R&D immediately, even if the investment creates future benefits. This article introduces a new model identifying two observable firm characteristics that must both be present for R&D costs to distort return on assets (ROA): large R&D expenditures and a sizable difference between ROA and the firm's growth rate. Because these conditions typically do not occur together, there is frequently little difference between unadjusted ROA and ROA estimates obtained by reversing, capitalizing, and depreciating historical R&D costs, and the two ROA measures produce similar rankings of firm profitability. Our approach identifies cases for which unadjusted ROA could be misleading, letting analysts and researchers target these firms for further analysis.


Several barriers blocked people from reporting on problems or from making changes to prevent problems: fear that they would be blamed for the problem, fear that they would be punished for breaking laws, fear that reporting problems doesn't improve patients' safety, lack of support in the organization, lack of feedback, lack of knowledge about reporting systems, and no clear guidelines on what errors should be reported. People were more willing to report and learn from systems that increased patient safety if others did not try to lay blame for the problems, if reporting and learning were encouraged, if they were told clearly what and how to report, if the organization supported data analysis to come up with useful lessons, and if feedback was offered in several ways (like local meetings, email messages, and bulletins).


INTRODUCTION Understanding how the muscles that act on the wrist achieve different motions would have the potential to provide insight into the pathology of neuromuscular diseases, improve rehabilitation protocols, and enhance prosthetic design. However, most previous research into wrist muscle activity has focused on gripping or tendon forces via in vitro study [1]–[3]. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo muscle activity of the wrist and compare results to in vitro and in silico data to determine how appropriate the two models are for predicting muscle activity patterns during motion.


Abstract The Review first describes the general features of gas induced rupture in elastomers, induced by a reduction in the ambient gas pressure, and introduces the main variables such as the gas-polymer transport and equilibrium properties. The phenomenologieal nature of the failure processes are also described and the characteristics of the failures encountered are summarized. It is proposed that the failure processes, which involve bubble expansion and subsequent tearing of the interior and exterior of the elastomer, arise from the action of at least two stress fields; one is provided by a simple triaxial tension and the other by an evolving gas concentration gradient. Various routes to model this process are described in the Review. In addition, the importance of the main system variables, on these rupture processes, is assessed and means of deducing, and directly measuring the parameters which may influence the rupture process are described. These include various equilibrium and transient properties...


Differences in energy prices between liberalized market regions are one of the elements to be considered during power system planning. The regional prices of electricity depend on the regional portfolio of generation units. In the paper one focus of the power system planning, namely the planning of interconnections, i.e. transmission network capacities for energy exchanges between market regions has been analyzed taking into account regional market prices of electricity. First the linear mathematical model of the energy exchanges between regions and the necessary input data are presented. The objective of energy exchanges is to minimize the supply costs in a selected area consisting of several neighbouring market regions. The simplex method was selected to solve the optimization problem. In the optimization process the Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDF) are used for the estimation of cross-border load flows. As an example, the results of investigation of an area with eight market regions are discussed in the paper. Moreover the sensitivity of market prices regarding changes of emission constraints for generation units is analyzed, using a method based on the marginal costs of energy production. Finally the recommendation for planning of interconnection is provided.


Abstract A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the soil factors that influence the dissolution of two phosphate rocks (PRs) of different reactivity (Gafsa, GPR, reactive PR; and Togo‐Hahotoe, HPR, low reactivity PR) in seven agricultural soils from Cameroon having variable phosphorus (P)‐sorption capacities, organic carbon (C) contents, and exchangeable acidities. Ground PR was mixed with the soils at a rate of 500 mg P kg−1 soil and incubated at 30°C for 85 days. Dissolution of the PRs was determined at various intervals using the ΔNaOH‐P method (the difference of the amount of P extracted by 0.5 M NaOH between the PR‐treated soils and the control). Between 4 and 27% of HPR and 33 and 50% of GPR were dissolved in the soils. Calcium (Ca) saturation of cation exchange sites and proton supply strongly affected PR dissolution in these soils. Acid soils with pH‐(H2O)<5 (NKL, ODJ, NSM, MTF) dissolved more phosphate rock than those with pH‐(H2O)>5 (DSC, FGT, BAF). However, the lack of a sufficient Ca sink in the former constrained the dissolution of both PRs. The dissolution of GPR in the slightly acidic soils was limited by increase in Ca saturation and that of HPR was constrained by limited supply in protons. Generally, the dissolution of GPR was higher than that of HPR for each soil. The kinetics of dissolution of PR in the soils was best described by the power function equation P=AtB. More efficient use of PR in these soils can be achieved by raising the soil cation exchange capacity, thereby increasing the Ca sink size. This could be done by amending such soils with organic materials.


repeated the experiments of Chesney, which showed that after intravenous inoculation with S. pallida these organisms settled particularly in the scars following wounds previously produced in the back. In each of four rabbits they produced on the right side of the back three wounds each about i-2 cm. in diameter, designated A, B, and C, respectively, from the head towards the tail, and on the left side three similar wounds, A1, B', and C' (in order) from tail towards head, wounds A and A' being made first, B and B' a week later, and C and C' a week after that. Three weeks after production of C and C' all four animals were inoculated intravenously with 5'o c.c. of an emulsion of S. pallida. In all four animals papules developed in all scars, and they were most pronounced in the freshest ones, C and C'. The experiments thus confirm those of Chesney in showing the importance of trauma in determining the sites of syphilitic lesions. L. W. HARRISON.


FOUNDATIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE * Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing: An Overview * Workers and Worker Populations * Legal and Ethical Issues * Economic, Political, and Business Forces * Scientific Foundations of Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing Practice * Principles of Administration and Management * Information Management in the Occupational Health Setting * STRATEGIES AND APPROACHES TO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE * Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety Program * Prevention of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses * Direct Care in the Occupational Setting * Disability Case Management * Health Promotion and Adult Education * Managing Psychosocial Factors in the Occupational Setting * Examples of Occupational Health and Safety Programs * ADVANCING PROFESSIONALISM IN OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NURSING * Environmental Health * Research * Professional Issues: Advancing the Specialty * Appendices


The starting point of the talk will be the identification of structure common to treelike combinatorial objects, exemplifying the situation with abstract syntax trees (as used in formal languages) and with opetopes (as used in higher-dimensional algebra). The emerging mathematical structure will be then formalized in a categorical setting, unifying the algebraic aspects of the theory of abstract syntax of [2, 3] and the theory of opetopes of [6]. This realization conceptually allows one to transport viewpoints between these, now bridged, mathematical theories and I will explore it here in the direction of higherdimensional algebra, giving an algebraic combinatorial framework for a generalisation of the slice construction of [1] for generating opetopes. The technical work will involve setting up a microcosm principle for near-semirings [5] and subsequently exploiting it in the cartesian closed bicategory of generalised species of structures of [4]. Connections to Homotopy Type Theory, (cartesian and symmetric monoidal) equational theories, lambda calculus, and algebraic combinatorics will be mentioned in passing.


Abstract The properties of a bilayer of hard spheres are determined in the uncorrelated-cell approximation. The experimentally observed solid-solid phase transitions between a triangular and a square structure are identified, and interpreted in terms of accessibility of the free volume.


This thesis is an investigation in to British policy towards Iran between the Yalta Conference and the resolution of the Iranian Crisis of early 1946 and the subsequent impact of those policies upon her relationship with her enigmatic partner, the USSR. It investigates the development of ideas within the British Embassy in Tehran and more especially within the Foreign Office relating to the future of Iran, which had been the subject of an Anglo-Soviet occupation since August 1941 and which had been, through its bounteous supply of oil, of vital economic importance to Britain since the late nineteenth century. The paper calls in to question the assertion that British foreign policy in the immediate aftermath of the war was based entirely upon the principles of the socalled 'New World Order', and its instruments, the Atlantic Charter and the United Nations. Instead, the paper contends that elements within the British government actively sought a compromise arrangement with the Soviet Union in which Britain and Russia would share in the exploitation of Iranian resources. However, in the final analysis it is argued that the British government abandoned this stance when the US government resolved that Iran must not fall, even in part, into the Soviet orbit. The failure of British policy is exposed; British influence in Iran was discredited to the extent that she was forced to abandon the south western oilfields in 1951, US planners sought to distance themselves from their partners at every turn and the Soviet Union had been alienated even further from the allied mainstream.


Purpose
The relationship among foreign direct investment, multinationals, inequality and growth is a vexing one that has occupied considerable scholarly and practical attention for many decades. To date, international business scholars have not fully concerned themselves with this issue (Buckley, Doh and Benischke, 2017, for an exception). This paper aims to briefly review this literature and report some of the insights of this work. The author draws from and integrates this literature, concluding that multinationals and the foreign investment that emanate from them have a generally positive impact on growth and a generally negative impact on income and wealth equality. The author then details some of the potential contributions MNEs can make to attenuate the negative relationship of foreign direct investment (FDI) on equality, concluding that governments and their policies are the primary vehicle for addressing wealth and income inequality.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is an essay.

Findings
The relationship between inequality, growth and FDI is complex. On balance, FDI contributes to growth but may exacerbate inequality under some conditions. More research needs to be conducted, and policymakers need to carefully consider these nuanced relationships.

Originality/value
The paper provides review of the relationship of FDI, growth and inequality.


Until the recent development in our country of the higher-education reform, popularly known as the Bolonia Process, a degree in Social and Cultural Anthropology (ASC) has been one of the Majors called "second cycle". Consequence of this fact, its students already had at least one university degree and many of them were in full exercise of diverse business activities. The purpose of this text is to highlight the potential of local associations of graduates in ASC to create a meeting point to provide its members mutual cooperation and professional growth as anthropologists, blend Anthropology with their individual professional activities providing them with greater capacity to provide better service to society, and contribute to the visibility of Anthropology with research activities and society-appealing studies.


The core 4, comprising a main phase particles 2 group of the R-T-B type rare earth magnet having a shell 6 which covers the core 4, the thickness of the shell 6 is at 500nm or less, R is a light rare earth elements and heavy rare earth element wherein the motor vehicle comprises a rare earth sintered magnet 10 which Zr compound 8 is present in the grain boundary phase 7 and / or shell 6 of the main phase grains 2 groups, motor comprising a rare earth sintered magnet 10, and the motor.


Titanium and its alloys are used in a wide range of applications from aerospace, marine, biomedical implants and consumer goods, due to their superior specific strength, excellent corrosion resista ...


Fatty acid deoxygenation is an important process if we are to realize the use of biocrudes as replacements for fossil fuels. A ZSM-5 support with 40% higher pore volume and...


An apparatus for separating CO from a mixture of gases includes CO and a Second gas, the apparatus includes an active heat eXchanger and a regenerating heat eXchanger. The active heat eXchanger includes a heat eXchange Surface in contact with the mixture of gases. The mixture of gases is present in the active heat eXchanger at a predetermined preSSure which is chosen Such that CO2 freezes on the heat eXchange Surface when the Surface is cooled by a refrigerant having a temperature below that at which CO2 freezes at the predetermined preSSure. The regenerating heat eXchanger includes a heat eXchange Surface in contact with the refrig erant and also in contact with a layer of frozen CO. The refrigerant enters the regenerating heat eXchanger at a tem perature above that at which the CO in the frozen layer of CO sublimates. The sublimation of the solid CO cools the refrigerant prior to the refrigerant being expanded through an expansion valve, which reduces the temperature of the refrigerant to a point below the freezing point of CO2 at the predetermined pressure. The refrigerant is re-compressed by a compressor after leaving the active heat eXchanger. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gaseous CO released by the regenerating heat exchanger is used to precool the incoming gas mixture. A Second precooling heat eXchanger precools the compressed refrigerant by providing thermal contact with the refrigerant leaving the active heat eXchanger.


ABSTRACT Participatory governance practices are enjoying popularity, not least in local government. This is driven by legislation that requires councils to undertake some of these processes; also by communities and practitioners – parties that derive income from participatory governance. An industry is emerging: one characterised by demand and supply, with frameworks, strategies and processes, training and conferences. This industry warrants investigation so that its impacts upon local democracy can be understood. Following a theorisation of local democracy and community engagement, the paper describes the community engagement industry, presenting evidence about council activities, providers and professional associations to establish that the commercialisation of engagement is a significant phenomenon in Australian local government. Possible risks to local governance and local democracy are explored.


Diabetic acidosis is accompanied by losses of body water and electrolytes. The numerous investigations designed to define these losses" have employed mainly technics of metabolic balances which disclose deficits from the body as a whole. Little information concerning the sources of these losses has been published. Guest and Nichols and Nichols have reported a decrease in potassium content in erythrocytes in humans with ketoacidosis. Keitel reported a decreased potassium content in skeletal muscle obtained by biopsy in one human subject. In a preliminary report the present authors have described a decreased content of potassium in muscle in alloxan diabetic rats with ketoacidosis. It is the purpose of the present report to present further observations on tissue water and electrolytes in rats with ketoacidosis, amplifying that preliminary report.


Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are capable of converting near-infrared (NIR) excitation to visible and ultraviolet emission via stepwise multiphoton processes. They offer unique advantages (e.g. sharp emission bands, superb photostability and long lifetimes1) compared to conventional dyes and quantum dots, enabling advanced detection and imaging for biologically important molecules. However, their application to live cells and small animals has been practically limited due to the potential damage under high-power laser illumination, as well as concerns for life scientists who do not necessary possess sufficient knowledge and experience in laser safety. Therefore, we have been exploring new strategies to develop UCNPs that are capable of excitation by incoherent sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), in particular via increased number of sensitizer ions and coating of inert shells.


The invention relates to a process for purifying and liquefying coke oven gas. Raw gas produced by a coke oven is primarily purified, compressed, deeply purified and then separated at a low temperature; a condensed methane ingredient is used as a liquefied natural gas (LNG) product; and uncondensable combustible gas is returned to the coke oven to serve as the gas for heating the coke oven. In the process, the uncondensable combustible gas which is liquefied by the coke oven gas is used for heating the coke oven, so that resources are reasonably utilized, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by impurity discharge and desorption gas combustion in the conventional coke oven gas liquefaction technology is solved; and in the process, a methanation step is saved, and investment cost and operation cost are greatly reduced.


The kinetics of the bromination of N,N,2-trimethylaniline have been investigated in aqueous perchloric acid over the range 0·005 to 5M, measurements of redox potential being used to follow the disappearance of bromine. For acid concentrations up to about 2M the reaction velocity is inversely proportional to the Hammett acidity function h0, but at higher acid concentrations the rate varies more rapidly than the acidity function. A better correlation is obtained with the acidity function h0‴ derived from measurements with tertiary aromatic amines.


Vaccination exemptions for non-medical reasons, such as religious or philosophical beliefs, may have contributed to the pertussis epidemic that struck California in 2010, says a new study.

During that outbreak California saw 9120 cases and 10 deaths, accounting for more than one third of all cases of whooping cough seen in the United States that year.

Before the introduction of pertussis vaccines in the 1940s, the disease was the leading cause of childhood death in the US. In 1934, for example, the country saw more than 250 000 cases. After the introduction, the number of cases fell, reaching a low of 1010 in 1976.

In …


Rare‐earth–iron alloys, R0.9Fe0.1, R0.72Fe0.28, and R0.42Fe0.58 (R=Tb0.6Dy0.4), containing the R/RFe2 eutectic composition were prepared by Bridgman and free‐standing zone‐melting techniques. Magnetization measurements were made in fields up to 800 kA/m between 55 and 300 K. A huge increase in magnetization below 210 K occurs as the R component becomes ordered. At low applied magnetic fields there is clear identification of both the ferromagnetic ordering temperature TC and the Neel spiral ordering temperature TN of R. (For Tb0.6Dy0.4, TC=165 K, TN=210 K.) Magnetization and magnetostriction measurements reveal very large magnetocrystalline anisotropies for both the R and the RFe2 components. Unexpectedly, at 77 K, were the rare‐earth component of the eutectic system is ordered and the magnetostriction is large (λhγ≳0.6%), the magnetostriction is largest in the samples containing the largest amount of the RFe2 phase. Young's modulus measurements reveal the reduction in the stiffness with the addition of th...


Silicon-containing divinyl ether monomers were synthesized by the addition reaction of glycidyl vinyl ether (1) with various silyl dichlorides using tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a catalyst. The reaction of 1 with diphenyl dichlorosilane gave bis-[1-(chloromethyl)-2-(vinyloxy)-ethyl]diphenyl silane (3a) in 89% yield. Polycondensations of 3a with terephthalic acid were also carried out using 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene (DBU) to afford silicon-containing polyfunctional vinyl ether oligomers (5). A multifunctional Si-monomer with both vinyl ether and methacrylate groups (7) was prepared by the reaction of 3a with potassium methacrylate using TBAB as a phase transfer catalyst. Photoinitiated cationic polymerizations of these vinyl ether compounds proceeded rapidly using the sulfonium salt, bis-[4-(diphenylsulfonio)phenyl]sulfide-bis-hexafluorophoshate (DPSP), as the cationic photoinitiator in neat mixtures upon UV irradiation. Multifunctional monomer 7 with both vinyl ether and methacrylate groups showed hybrid curing properties using both DPSP and the radical photoinitiator, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphoshine oxide (TPO).


Ross and Mico have produced a basic text for the student entering a baccalaureate health education program. Overall, it contains a wide range of behavioral theories of individuals and organizations in relation to health education and a variety of models for program development, as well as concepts, principles, and guidelines. The book's introductory chapter provides the reader with a descriptive overview of ways in which health education takes place, including a number of vignettes to illustrate some common features to be found in the educational process. Drawing on various definitions, the authors state that health education is "an educationally oriented process of planned change which focuses on those behaviors or problems that directly or indirectly affect people's health." In discussing the functions of a health educator, the authors note several changes in these functions over the years and cite current trends that account, in part, for the increased interest in health education as a profession. Today, the "health education specialist" is seen as someone who "has the sole function of planning, conducting, and evaluating health-education programs." The first three parts of Theory and Practice in Health Education focus on individuals,


SD Plus Jabal Rahmah Mulia is one of elementary schools that prioritizes tahfidz learning by target of memorizing five juz for each graduate. Teaching memorization of Quran is not an easy, so the tahfidz teacher must use the right method. The method applied by one of the first grade tahfidz teachers at SD Plus Jabal Rahmah Mulia is Kitabah method and  Wahdah method. This study seeks to explore the steps for applying the Kitabah method and Wahdah method as well as examining factors that influence the success of students in achieving memorization target. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques of observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis technique is through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Results showed that the steps of memorizing the Quran with Kitabah method and Wahdah method were 1) Students wrote the memorized verse, 2) Teacher tahfidz read the first verse with the rhythm of Imam Thoha Al Junayd, repeated ten times and followed by the students, 3) After all the students memorized correctly, followed by the next verse ten times, 4) Combining the first verse and the follow-up verse five times, 5) Teacher and students repeat the entire verse ten times. The determinants of student success in memorizing are health, psychological, intelligence and motivation factors.


INTRODUCTION Stunting describes the chronic malnutrition problem caused by insufficient nutrient intake for a long time due to feeding that is not following nutritional needs. Stunting occurs starting the fetus is still in the womb and only seen when the child is two years old. Malnutrition at an early age increases the mortality rate of infants and children, causing sufferers to get sick easily and have an unable posture in adulthood. The cognitive ability of sufferers is also reduced, resulting in long-term economic losses for Indonesia. Basic Health Research 2013 recorded the prevalence of stunting nationwide reached 30.8% and in Central Kalimantan Province the prevalence of stunting by 34%. This figure is still high with the target of RPJMN 2019 stunting toddlers by 28%. Based on the data, Central Kalimantan Province is ranked 5 prevalence of stunting in Indonesia. In Central Kalimantan Province, the prevalence rate of stunting is highest in East Kotawaringin Regency. Also, East Kotawaringin Regency that contributes to the still high prevalence of stunting in Central Kalimantan is Kabuapaten Pulang Pisau. The report from Pulang Pisau District Office amounted to short baby coverage in 2018 of 30.9%. Nutritional factors of the mother before and during pregnancy are indirect causes that contribute to the growth and development of the fetus. Pregnant women with malnutrition will cause the fetus to experience Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR), so that the baby will be born with malnutrition, and experience growth and developmental disorders and easy to get degenerative diseases in adulthood later (fetal origin disease). Such behavior in the community can be a risk of stunting, as refer to various review and research results. Some of the behaviors of the community that have not been optimal include the feeding intake of pregnant women influenced by her husband and parents/inlaws, initiation of early breastfeeding has not become the norm, anemia of pregnant women. Those who suffer from iron-deficient anemia during pregnancy will be at nine time greater risk of giving birth to low birth weight. Children born with low birth weight will tend to have malnutrition status, one of which is the status of short nutrition or stunting. Also, other nutritional problems related to stunting that are still a public health problem are pregnant women With Chronic Lack of Energy (17.3%), anemia in pregnant women (48.9%), babies born prematurely (29.5%), Low Background: East Kotawaringin and Pulang Pisau Regency have highest prevalence of stunting, respectively, in Central Kalimantan Province. One of the efforts made through the assistance to improve the knowledge and skills of pregnant women. The study was aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of assistance on behavior and attitudes among pregnant women in the Pulang Pisau Regency. It also aimed to analyze the behavior of pregnant women shifting upon stunting. Method: It is a quasi-experimental study (n = 60), with pre-posttest group comparison. There are two groups, namely conventional (n = 30) and assisted through pocket book (n = 30). Socio-economic data was collected to draw the characteristics of the study subjects through questionnaire. A 2x2 chi-square and paired t-test was run in SPSS v. 18 for Windows. Results: The characteristics of the study respondents did not show any significant differences in attitudes and behaviors of stunting prevention in the Pulang Pisau district. The average change in attitude score shows a significant difference in the assisted group with a pretest of 65.8 ± 7.8, increased during the post-test of 75.7 ± 2.7. It is also an increase in understanding (n = 21). We concluded that pocketbook treatment is more effective in improving the attitude of pregnant women towards preventing stunting. ABSTRACT


With the exponential growth in large language models (LLMs), leveraging their emergent properties for specialized domains like finance merits exploration. However, regulated fields such as finance pose unique constraints, requiring domain-optimized frameworks. We present ConFIRM, an LLM-based conversational financial information retrieval model tailored for query intent classification and knowledge base labeling. ConFIRM comprises two modules: 1) a method to synthesize finance domain-specific question-answer pairs, and 2) evaluation of parameter efficient fine-tuning approaches for the query classification task. We generate a dataset of over 4000 samples, assessing accuracy on a separate test set. ConFIRM achieved over 90% accuracy, essential for regulatory compliance. ConFIRM provides a data-efficient solution to extract precise query intent for financial dialog systems.


The affect of an emergency on a community can be significant. Developing the ability to help each other at a local level can help to lessen the impact of an emergency on the community particularly if emergency services are overloaded.


"Being highly recommended in the Plaintiff edition of this popular legal guide is a testament to Paul, Kevin, and Bill's well-established experience in representing plaintiffs in complex business and bankruptcy litigation across the country," said Martin T. Fletcher, Managing Partner. "They have brought together a team of experienced commercial and business litigators with bankruptcy professionals to create an innovative, complex litigation team focused on representing plaintiffs in business disputes."


Has a clamping structure for clamping band, for example, a hose can be fixed to a connecting sleeve, comprising fastening means to make this tightening the clamp structure about the object to be fastened, further comprising a useful this hose connecting the entire tolerance-compensating means sets a tolerance range, which is punched out of the clamping band from the slot-like aperture is formed, said opening having a width and length of the stay on both sides of the aperture can remaining lateral clamping band, when considering this lateral strip has an aperture due to the press working and hardening, with respect to the user to explicitly provide a clamping force tolerance compensation.


Chinese State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) have been in the spotlight of studies on modern China. Many scholars label the SOEs as low-productivity monopolies with little innovation. After more than 30 years of reform, does the situation remain the same? By measuring the recent new product development in Chinese SOEs and non-SOEs, this paper reveals a comparatively large innovation gap: the quantity and the quality of new products generated from each SOE are higher than those of non-SOEs, although there is no big difference between SOEs and non-SOEs in terms of the total output of new product innovation. It also finds that the gap varies among industries with different degrees of market competition and government intervention. Furthermore, it discovers an inverted 'U'-shaped contribution curve of the SOEs, i.e. SOEs are particularly effective in promoting an industry's innovation, if the number of SOEs accounts for 15-30% in the industry.


In this overview, the results published to date concerning the development, processing, microstructure characteristics, and properties of silicon nitride/carbon nanotube (Si3N4 + CNTs) composites are summarized. The influence of the different processing routes on the microstructure development of the Si3N4 + CNTs is discussed. The effects of the CNTs addition on the mechanical properties—hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness—and tribological characteristics—wear rate and coefficient of friction—are summarized. The characteristic defects, fracture origins, toughening and damage mechanisms occurring during the testing are described. The influence of the CNTs' addition on the thermal and functional properties of the composites is discussed as well. New trends in the development of these composites with significant potential for future applications are outlined.


This article considers how over time asylum seekers have been 'objectivised' by the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951. International law is predominantly instrumental in nature. Whilst it may often contain ethical aspects and sometimes be underpinned by liberal objectives, these are usually secondary in nature, with the purpose of regularising the relationship of states around some common aims usually being the paramount goal. In this way, the focus of international law often turns from the ethical components of the law to terms, procedures and mechanisms. This arguably applies to Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951. Whilst originally conceived for Second World War refugees, it placed at the pinnacle of its preamble the moral impulse, '…to assure refugees the widest possible exercise of these fundamental rights and freedoms…' The Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees 1967 removed the temporal and other limitations, however, arguably this moral impulse has waned as the words of the 1951 Convention have been used to control asylum seekers. This article argues that this has objectivised asylum seekers.


Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as part of business management in Latin America is a new topic that developed very rapidly in recent decades, driven by globalization, the media and social networks, which demand ethical behavior, respect for human rights and environmental protection from companies. In this context, the paper aims to describe, using the typology proposed by Simon Zadek, the stage in which the CSR issues are situated in two Latin American countries: Brazil and Mexico. The results of the exploratory study showed that the CSR in the two countries are in the stages of emerging and consolidation within the typology about the maturity of the socio-environmental issues in the society.


Abstract 2405 Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a fatal malignancy of CD4-positive T-cells caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type1 (HTLV-1). HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ) is encoded in the minus strand of HTLV-1 provirus, and is consistently expressed in HTLV-1-infected cells. It has been shown that HBZ promotes proliferation of T-cells, and HBZ-expressing transgenic mice develop T-cell lymphomas and systemic inflammations, suggesting that HBZ has the critical roles in pathogenesis of HTLV-1. However, the molecular mechanisms of HBZ-induced oncogenesis have not been clarified yet. The Wnt signaling is a highly conserved cellular signaling pathway in eukaryotes and the Wnt ligands have been found to trigger multiple pathways of Wnt signaling. The most well-studied cascade is the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (also known as the canonical Wnt pathway), which is β-catenin-dependent and mainly controls cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt pathway has been linked to many cancers. In contrast, it is known that the noncanonical Wnt pathway antagonizes the canonical pathway, while a representative noncanonical Wnt ligand, Wnt5a, is suggested to have both oncogenic and tumor suppressive properties in several malignancies. The significance of those Wnt pathways in HTLV-1-associated oncogenesis is still obscure. In this study, we found that HBZ markedly suppressed the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. As a mechanism of HBZ-mediated Wnt suppression, we found that HBZ targets LEF1 and TCF1, the key transcription factors of the pathway, and impairs its DNA-binding ability. In contrast, HTLV-1 Tax protein interacted with Dvl and DAPLE, which are the regulators of the canonical Wnt signaling, and activated the pathway. Indeed, the canonical Wnt activation is not observed in ATL cells, and enforced activation of β-catenin in ATL cells inhibited cellular proliferation, implying that activation of the canonical Wnt pathway might have suppressive effect on ATL cells. On the other hand, HBZ induces the transcription of the noncanonical Wnt5a by enhancing its promoter activity. In addition, Wnt5a transcription level in ATL cells is significantly higher than in HTLV-1-uninifected control cells. Knockdown of Wnt5a impairs both proliferation and migration of ATL cells, suggesting that HBZ-induced Wnt5a supports development and progression of ATL. Our results implicate novel roles of HBZ in ATL leukemogenesis through dysregulation of both the canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The authors were asked by the Legal Services Research Centre (LSRC) to conduct a literature survey to
identify changes in the criminal justice system over the preceeding ten years that had implications for the
cost of criminal legal aid.


Presents the authorship pattern and collaborative research in six social science subjects viz. Anthropology, Economics, History, Political Science, Psychology and Sociology in India based on the data collected from CDROM version of the Wilson Social Sciences Abstracts of H.W. Wilson Co., US for the year 1989-1991 and 1997-1999. The proportion of collaborative publication has shown a consistent growth with time in all the four subjects except Political Science and Sociology. The trend in the computed values of Collaboration Index (CI) and Degree of Collaboration (DC) of different period blocks is almost consistent, reflecting growing collaboration and pointing towards increasing professionalisation in social sciences in India with time. Introduction Organization of science has changed dramatically during the present century. Due to interdisciplinary growth of subject, the universe of knowledge is very dynamic and is ever-growing. Scientists in any field are no longer able to carry out their work in isolation. Modern science and social science are also becoming increasingly interdisciplinary and problem oriented, often requiring the coming together of a group of people who complement each other in terms of function and expertise. The scientists achieve more and more specialization in the subject, which is in fact, the result of increased participation of group of researchers of different expertise. Collaborative research is the effort of intellectual sharing of two or more persons. The practice of collaboration is spreading very fast due to the globalization of information. The days of individual research are gone. It will no longer be possible for the scientists to refrain themselves from collaborating with others. Earlier studies reveal that collaboration in research varies from discipline to discipline, and in the same discipline it varies from time to time and from one country to another. This need for the study of authorship pattern and also for the change from 'little science' to 'big science' has resulted in the shift from solo research to team research as reflected in single and multiple authorship papers. Some of the notable studies were by Glanzel(2002), Kretschemer(1999), Egghe and Rousseau(1996), Sangam (2000) etc. Method and Data The authorship data was collected on six subjects viz. Anthropology; Economics; History; Political Science; Psychology and Sociology, from the CD-ROM version of the Wilson Social Sciences Abstracts of H.W. Wilson Co., US for the year 1989-1991 and 1997-1999. The data was tabulated and analysed for the purpose of interpretation and discussion. Results and Discussion Single vs. Collaborative Publications The total number of publications and collaborative publications considered in 2 block periods (consisting of 3 years) is presented in table-1 With regard to single authorship, there is a consistent decreasing trend during 1989-1991 and 1997-1999 in the fields of Economics, History, and slightly in Sociology, while there is an increasing trend of single authorship in the fields of Anthropology, Political Science and Psychology (Table No. 1, 2 and 3 are not included in the paper). However, the proportions of collaborative publication have shown a consistent growth with time in all four subjects except Political Science and Sociology. The table-2 reveals that in social science as a whole, comparatively speaking, the proportion of two author publications was more in History (25.55%), which was followed by Economics (22.22%), Psychology (16.66%) and sociology (14.44%). Higher percentage of three author publications were found in Psychology (25.45%), followed by Anthropology (21.81%), Sociology (16.36%) and Economics (10.90%). Relatively a higher proportion of more than four author publications were found S.L.Sangam and Keshava 776 to be in History (21.87%) and it was followed by Sociology (18.75%), Anthropology (15.62%), Economics (15.62%) and Political Science (15.62%). The table-3 reveals that growth rates of co-authored publications are of different types. A systematic change is observed in all the categories of co-authored publications. The different growth rates are as follows: i. The proportion of single-author publications has increased from 37.58 per cent during 1989-1991 to 62.42 per cent during 1997-1999, the average per cent being 58.78 per cent for the entire period. ii. The proportion of two author publications has increased from 40 per cent during 19891991 to 60 per cent during 1997-1999, the average per cent being 17.75 per cent for the entire period. iii. The proportion of three-author publications has increased from 27.27 per cent during 1989-1991 to 72.73 per cent during 1997-1999, the average per cent being 10.85 per cent for the entire period. iv. The proportion of four-author publications has increased from 31.25 per cent during 19891991 to 68.75 per cent during 1997-1999, the average per cent being 12.62 percent for the entire period. The Relative Growth of Single-author vs. Multi-author Publications As shown in the table-4, the relative growth of single author and multi author publications were analysed in terms of the relative frequency of publications by number of authors for two period blocks from 1989-1999. The relative frequency of individual type of co-author publications by number of authors (e.g., the total number of single author publication in the field of Anthropology, and the relative frequency for 1989-1991 would be 6/29 = 0.205) was calculated. It reveals the change in the frequency of all types of co-author publications by number of authors in different proportion, in all subjects as we move from single author to four & above author publications. In Anthropology the single author publications and multi author publications relative frequency has increased except in double author publications. In Economics, History and Political science multi author publications relative frequency has increased year by year. In Psychology there was no much difference between three and four & above author publications relative frequency. In sociology the single and multi author publications relative frequency has increased in all block periods. Table 4: Relative frequency of publications by number of authors in period blocks during 1989-1991 and 1997-1999 1989– 1991 19971999 Subjects 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Anthropology 0.205 0.60 0.332 0.30 0.791 0.40 0.666 0.70 Economics 0.489 0.35 0.166 0.30 0.508 0.65 0.832 0.7 History 0.411 0.408 0.284 0.587 0.589 0.999 0.713 Political Science 0.198 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.799 0.5 0.8 0.7 Psychology 0.250 0.399 0.499 0.375 0.750 0.599 0.498 0.375 Sociology 0.265 0.229 0.222 0.332 0.735 0.767 0.777 0.666 Legend: 1 = One author 2 = Two authors 3 = Three authors 4 = Four and above authors Collaboration Measures In the earlier studies, some authors applied some mathematical measures to determine the extent and size of co-authorship, as reflected in publications. They are: a. Degree of Collaboration (DC) suggested by Subramanyam(1983), which takes the proportion of co-author publications in total publications Collaboration in Social Science Research in India 777 b. Collaboration Index (CI) first suggested by Lawani(1973), which takes the mean number of authors per publication. Therefore, in order to study the extent of collaboration in block periods in social science research literature in India, the values of CI and DC were computed for publications and the results obtained are presented in table-5 It reveals that in Anthropology the mean number of authors per publication decreased from 2.21 during 1989-1991 to 1.87 during 1997-1999. Table 5: India's collaboration obtained from publications in different sub-disciplines of social sciences in block periods 1989-1991 1997-1999 Subjects CI DC CI DC Anthropology 2.21 1.89 1.87 1.30 Economics 1.51 0.82 1.88 1.38 History 1.25 0.40 1.46 0.70 Political Science 2.33 2.08 2.21 1.78 Psychology 2.45 2.25 2.08 1.73 Sociology 2.35 2.00 2.23 1.87 The growth in the proportion of collaborated publications is clearly reflected in the decreasing value of DC. In Economics, the value of CI increased from 1.51 during 1989-1991 to 1.88 during 1997-1999 and the value of DC increased from 0.82 during 1989-1991 to 1.38 during 1997-1999. In History, the value of CI increased from 1.25 during 1989-1991 to 1.46 during 1997-1999, and the value of DC also increased from 0.40 to 0.70 in respective block periods. In Political Science, the value of CI is decreased from 2.33 during 1989-1991 to 2.21 during 1997-1999 and value of DC decreased from 2.08 during 1989-1991 to 1.78 during 1997-1999. In Psychology the value of CI decreased from 2.45 during 1989-1991 to 2.08 during 1997-1999 and the value of DC also decreased from 2.25 during 1989-1991 to 1.73 during 1997-1999. In Sociology, the value of CI decreased from 2.35 during 19891991 to 2.23 during 1997-1999 and the value of DC also decreased from 2.00 during 1989-1991 to 1.87 during 1997-1999. The trend in the computed values of CI and DC of different period blocks is almost consistent, reflecting growing collaboration and pointing towards increasing professionalization in social sciences in India with time. Applicability of Selected Probability Distribution to the Distribution of Authorship in Publications Here the applicability of selected statistical probability distributions is explored for their goodness-offit in publication data on distribution of authorship in different block periods in social science from 1989-1999. As a result, there were two data set under consideration pertaining to block periods 19891991 and 1997-1999 as presented in table-6. The applicability of Lotka's Law and two other statistical probability distributions namely, Geometric and Truncated Poisson were explored in the above two data sets. The tables-6 and 7 represent the basic statistics and parameter values obtained from the application of selected probability distribution in two data sets on distr


By considering the overrepresentation problem in special education from an organizational perspective, the author argues that it is part of a broader problem associated with the political function of special education within public education. From this perspective, special education is an unintended consequence of bureaucratic schooling, an institutional artifact that protects the legitimacy of nonadaptable organizations faced with the changing values and expectations of an increasingly diverse democratic society. The author proposes an alternative organizational structure for schools that resolves the overrepresentation problem, advances the spirit of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and inclusive education, and turns educational equity into a precondition for educational excellence in schools and, ultimately, for economic and political excellence and equity in society.


The major criticism of this collection is that the editors claim to bring together different orientations within psychology, and yet the book does not include a serious psychodynamic perspective. In fact, when psy choanalytic views are referred to, they are dismissed rathercasually, e.g. "¿ althoughthe psychoanalytic orien tation provides information about pathology, it has yet to contribute any major breakthrough in understanding personal dynamics―.Object relations theory within the psychoanalytic tradition addresses itself exactly to interpersonal interaction and is, therefore, particularly valuable for understanding and treating couples. This orientation, often referred to as "¿ the British school―, hasnotyetestablished itself intheAmericanpsycho analytic community and therefore, perhaps, with a few notable exceptions, there is little psychodynamic marital psychotherapy practised. This may explain the omission. Other than this, these papers offer a good overview of the social psychology of marriage, although more for the academic researcher than for the clinician. The latter would, however, further his/her general knowledge from this text.


The high mortality of pancreatic cancer is predominantly caused by tumour metastasis. The formation of metastases is dependent on the co-ordinated processes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and invasion. The importance of Ca2+ signalling in the formation of metastasis in a number of cancer types has been documented. However, our understanding of the Ca2+ signalling components involved in the metastatic dissemination of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC, specifically PANC-1) is limited. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channels are the important Ca2+ signalling mechanisms in this cell type. IP3Rs are Ca2+-releasing channels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). After Ca2+ release via IP3Rs, restoring of ER Ca2+ involves SOCE mediated by STIM1, which activates PM Ca2+ channels Orai1 to permit Ca2+ influx. This process of Ca2+ influx takes place in unique structures – ER-PM junctions. The goal of the present study was to determine and characterise the fate of IP3Rs and STIM1-competent ER-PM junctions during EMT and the significance of these Ca2+ signalling mechanisms for PANC-1 cell migration.
In the present study, I demonstrated that during EMT, PANC-1 cells undergo a dramatic morphological change from apical-basal polarity to front-rear polarity. In cellular monolayers IP3Rs are juxtaposed to cell-cell contacts and closely co-positioned with markers of the tight and adherens junctions. When individual cells migrate away from their neighbours, IP3Rs and SOCE-competent ER-PM junctions underwent dramatic redistribution from cell-cell contacts to accumulate preferentially at the leading edge of PANC-1 cells, where they are in close apposition with the components of migratory apparatus (e.g. focal adhesions). I further demonstrated that focal adhesions were closely encompassed by IP3Rs, creating potholes in excitable medium in which Ca2+ released through IP3Rs affects the remodelling and turnover of focal adhesions, which in turn is necessary for cell migration. Finally, I demonstrated that the migration of PANC-1 cells was suppressed by inhibition of IP3Rs and SOCE, indicating that these mechanisms are functionally important for migration.
Taken together, I successfully demonstrated that Ca2+ signalling complexes concentrate in the leading edge of migrating PANC-1 cells and regulate focal adhesion turnover in order to control cell adhesion dynamics and forward movement of PANC-1 cells.


The association of hnRNA* with proteins in the form of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (hnRNA-protein) is now well established in a wide variety of eukaryotic systems. We therefore surmised that any process involving hnRNA, and possibly its maturation and transport to cytoplasmic mRNA-protein, probably occurs at the level of these particles and is likely to be mediated by some of the associated proteins, which have been found to be quite heterogeneous (Niessing & Sekeris, 1971 ; Matringe & Jacob, 1972; Ducamp & Jeanteur, 1973; Pederson, 1974). The major drawback to this kind of approach is the absence of a functional criterion for hnRNAprotein. To circumvent this difficulty, we have undertaken a search for enzyme activities which might be in somle way involved in the nucleo-cytoplasmic transfer of those hnRNA sequences destined to become cytoplasmic mRNA. Along this line, our interest in phosphorylation reactions at the level of hnRNA-protein stemmed from the fact that phosphorylated proteins have been found in nearly all classes of nuclear proteins (Gallinaro-Matringe et al., 1975; Rubin & Rosen, 1975) and from our observation of a protein kinase activity endogenous to hnRNA-protein in HeLa cells (Blanchard et al., 1975). A detailed analysis of protein phosphorylationin hnRNAprotein was therefore undertaken both in vivo and in citro. After exposure of HeLa cells to [32P]Pi in vivo, hnRNA-protein purified as described by Kish & Pederson (1975) were found to contain radioactivity covalently bound to proteins in the form of serine and threonine phosphate esters. The association of these phosphoproteins with hmRNA was demonstrated by sedimentation analysis in sucrose gradients, isopycnic banding in CsCl density gradients and chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose. The pattern of radioactive phosphorylated species has been analysed by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide slab gels followed by radioautography. Although some hot trichloroacetic acid-resistant 3zP radioactivity was present throughout the gel, the largest amount of label was found associated with four discrete bands of mol.wts. 28000,30000,37000 and 52000. Although all the above species appear to be present in hnRNA-protein of different size classes as resolved by sedimentation through sucrose gradients, their relative proportion is not reproducibly constant. Incorporation of 32P into hnRNA-protein phosphoproteins could be detected after labelling periods as short as 15min. No significant differences in the relative distribution of radioactivity among the above species was found between 1 and 24h labelling times. Exposure of hnRNA-protein to conditions of increasing ionic strength led to the ready dissociation of the 28000-dalton species, at variance with other labelled species which appeared to be more firmly bound to hnRNA than most proteins. On treatment with pancreatic and TI ribonucleases, the 28 000-dalton species was also preferentially released, whereas the 37000-dalton species was the main phosphorylated one remaining associated with core structures containing an RNA component resistant to nucleases. hnRNA-protein purified as above from cells either unlabelled or pulse-labelled in vivo with [3H]uridine were able to catalyse the incorporation of radioactive phosphate from [yJ2P]ATP into phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues of endogenous proteins. Optimal conditions for enzyme activity were defined after investigation of the influence of several parameters on the reaction. The requirement for a bivalent cation


A touch detection system and method is achieved having high resolution by forming an integrated array of alternating emitters and detectors(E302-E323, D301-D324). Using integration techniques, the detectors (D301-D324) can be made much larger than the emitters (E302-E323) while the gaps between the emitters and detectors are maintained relatively small. Thus, high resolution is achieved without dramatically increasing the number of emitter/detector pairs. In one embodiment each array is positioned on an edge of a display 30 such that the emitter of one array is lined up (on axis with) a detector of an opposing array. In one embodiment, the touch detection system and method operates to detect the amplitude of signals arriving from opposing arrays so as to precisely determine the location of a touched position. Off-axis scanning can be employed to increase sensitivity.


The use of mobile devices is growing worldwide in both industrialized and developing nations. Alongside the worldwide penetration of web-enabled devices, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality are increasingly modifiable lifestyle factors (e.g., improving one's diet and exercising more). Behavior analysts have the opportunity to promote health by combining effective behavioral methods with technological advancements. The objectives of this paper are (1) to highlight the public health gains that may be achieved by integrating technology with a behavior analytic approach to developing interventions, and (2) to review some of the currently, under-examined issues related to merging technology and behavior analysis (enhancing sustainability, Allison N. Kurti, Department of psychiatry, University of Vermont; Jesse Dallery, Department of psychology, University of Florida. I would like to acknowledge all of the members of Dr. Jesse's Dallery's behavioral pharmacology laboratory (Brantley Jarvis, Sarah Martner, Vanessa Minervini, philip Erb, Triton Ong, and David Cox) for the various insightful discussions that we had during lab meetings about the topics addressed in this paper. Address correspondence to Allison Kurti, Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 1 S. prospect St., Burlington, VT 05401, USA. E-mail: email@example.com 107 TECHNOLOgY AND HEALTH BEHAVIOR obtaining frequent measures of behavior, conducting component analyses, evaluating cost-effectiveness, incorporating behavior analysis in the creation of consumer-based applications, and reducing health disparities). Thorough consideration of these issues may inspire the development, implementation, and dissemination of innovative, efficacious interventions that substantially improve global public health.


Abstract In this paper, we provide some isomorphism preserving conditions for (weighted) Orlicz spaces, and as a main result, it is proved that if there exist a bicontinuous linear operator T : L w 1 Φ  ( G 1 ) → L w 2 Φ  ( G 2 ) {T\colon L^{\Phi}_{w_{1}}(G_{1})\rightarrow L^{\Phi}_{w_{2}}(G_{2})} and a mapping a ↦ ( ξ  ( a ) , h  ( a ) ) {a\mapsto(\xi(a),h(a))} from G 1 {G_{1}} to ℂ × G 2 {\mathbb{C}\times G_{2}} with T  λ a = ξ  ( a )  λ h  ( a )  T {T\lambda_{a}=\xi(a)\lambda_{h(a)}T} for all a ∈ G 1 {a\in G_{1}} , then G 1 {G_{1}} and G 2 {G_{2}} are isomorphic, where Φ is a Δ 2 {\Delta_{2}} -regular Young function, G 1 {G_{1}} and G 2 {G_{2}} are locally compact groups and w 1 {w_{1}} and w 2 {w_{2}} are weight functions. Also, for a class of Young functions Φ, we show that if C  V Φ  ( G 1 ) {CV_{\Phi}(G_{1})} and CV Φ  ( G 2 ) {\mathrm{CV}_{\Phi}(G_{2})} are isometrically isomorphic, then G 1 {G_{1}} and G 2 {G_{2}} are isomorphic, CV Φ  ( G i ) {\mathrm{CV}_{\Phi}(G_{i})} is the space of all convolution operators on the Orlicz space L Φ  ( G i ) {L^{\Phi}(G_{i})} for i = 1 , 2 {i=1,2} .


The littoral combat ship(LCS)is one of the combat ships of next generation being developed by the US navy.It has some specific technical demands for shipborne radars.The performances and characteristics of the four kinds of advanced 3D radars selected or potentially selected by the US navy for its LCS are analyzed and introduced in detail.


The invention relates to a vehicle top frame, in particular to an adjusting structure of the vehicle roof frame. The invention mainly solves the technical problem that the automobile roof frame can not be adjusted in the prior art and provides the adjusting structure of the vehicle roof frame. The technical problem is solved mainly by the following technical proposal that the adjusting structure of the vehicle roof frame comprises a base and a frame and the base is arranged at two ends of the frame; the adjusting structure is characterized in that the adjusting structure also comprises an insertion part which is arranged at two ends of the frame; the base is fixedly connected with the insertion part; and the insertion part is provided with an adjusting control device. The adjusting structure solves the problem that the vehicle roof frame can not be adjusted, leads the distance between two bases of the vehicle roof frame to be adjusted freely, is conveniently to be installed on the vehicle roofs of various sizes, facilitates the purchasing and installation of the users and optimizes the use of the resource to maximum extent.


Abstract While establishing a successful school reform agenda is difficult, sustaining innovation after the departure of the founding leader is even more challenging. This article describes a mentoring programme for leadership succession instituted at a reforming high school in the United States. This relationship was officially sponsored by the school district, and involved the founding principal (mentor) and her successor (protégé), who agreed to speak daily on the telephone and meet formally for approximately 3 hours each month over a 3-year period. During the 1999-2000 academic year data were collected in the form of interviews and artifacts. Findings showed this relationship concentrated on the school's reform agenda, that the mentor used a five-stage problem-solving dialogue, and that the new principal was able to work at the encounter, accommodation and educational leadership stages of development. The possible meaning of this model for leadership succession in other school settings is discussed


Innovation and enterprise education is a new concept in the development of higher education.It is one of the fundamental ways to solve the employment problem of college graduates.With an elaboration of innovation and enterprise education,this paper proposes the fundamental concepts of innovation and enterprise education from the perspective of graduate employment.


Type of funding sources: None.

 Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a common complication in patients with sepsis, and imposes a worse prognosis and challenging clinical management. Administration of antiarrhythmics is often needed, to achieve rate or rhythm control, especially in the occurrence of AF with rapid ventricular response; however, it is unclear whether different classes of antiarrhythmics are associated with better outcomes in patients with sepsis and AF.

 We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA Guidelines. Pubmed and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for studies reporting outcomes in patients with sepsis and AF, according to the use of Beta-blockers (BBs), calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), digoxin and amiodarone. Random-effect models were used to provide pooled estimates; fixed-effect models were also performed as a sensitivity analysis.

 Among 4,166 studies, 2 articles were included from the literature search, and an additional 1 from the author's knowledge, yielding a total of 40,593 patients with sepsis and AF included. According to the data available from the included studies, the meta-analysis was performed only for in-hospital mortality. BBs were associated with a reduced risk of in-hospital mortality compared to amiodarone (OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.46-0.58; I2 = 0%, Figure 1, Panel C), while no significant differences were observed for BBs. vs. CCBs (Figure 1, Panel A) and for BBs vs. digoxin (Figure 1, Panel B). In the pre-specified sensitivity analysis using a fixed-effect model, BBs resulted associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality compared with both CCBs and digoxin).

 In patients with AF during sepsis, BBs were associated with reduced risk of in-hospital mortality, compared to amiodarone; inconclusive results emerged for the comparisons between BBs and CCBs or digoxin, although with a benefit of BBs observed in the fixed-effect models. Further studies are needed to provide definitive data and to guide physicians in the choice of the best rate control strategy in this clinical setting. Abstract Figure.


Objective
To investigate the status of post-traumatic growth in patients with early primary liver cancer (PLC) and its influencing factors.

Methods
From June 2015 to June 2017, a total of 102 patients with early PLC in the First Hospital of Jilin University were selected as research subjects by convenience sampling method. The general data questionnaire, Post-Traumatic Growth Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale were used to investigate the patients. The t-test, variance analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of post-traumatic growth of patients after early PLC operation.

Results
A total of 106 questionnaires were distributed, and 102 valid questionnaires were collected. The total post-traumatic growth score was (50.21±6.87) points. There were significant differences in the scores of post-traumatic growth of patients after early PLC with different gender, education level, family monthly income, payment method of medical expenses, whether there were complications, whether there were radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and perceived social support level (P<0.05) . The gender, presence of complications, whether receiving chemotherapy and social support were the main factors influencing post-traumatic growth.

Conclusions
The post-traumatic growth of patients with early PLC is at a moderate level and may be affected by many factors. Medical staff should strengthen the guidance and communication to patients, give more social support to patients, and improve the growth level of patients after trauma, according to the specific conditions of patients after PLC operation.

Key words:
Liver neoplasms; Post-traumatic growth; Influencing factors; Social support


We use Elie Cartan's method of equivalence to give a complete classification, in terms of differential invariants, of second-order ordinary differential equations admitting Lie groups of fibre-preserving point symmetries. We then apply our results to the determination of all second-order equations which are equivalent, under fibre-preserving transformations, to the free particle equation. In addition we present those equations of Painleve' type which admit a transitive symmetry group. Finally we determine the symmetry group of some equations of physical interest, such as the Duffing and Holmes-Rand equations, which arise as models of non-linear oscillators.


Knowledge sharing is one of the professionalizetion processes and is an important factor in the competition between organizations and for innovation processes to sustain. In this study the central theme is the way knowledge sharing is affected by occupational self-efficacy (OSE), work engagement and High Commitment HRM (HC-HRM). In investigating these relations the AMO framework is used. The research data were obtained by 126 teachers from one secondary school. However from the regression analyses it was learned that the relationship between the variables OSE, HC HRM and work engagement with knowledge sharing was more complex than expected. Additional analyses by means of a three-way interaction analysis suggests that the combination of high experienced HC-HRM and low experienced OSE or the other way around is, related to more knowledge sharing. The findings are important for managers who want to promote processes of knowledge sharing in their school organization.


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Most species only have to worry about eating for one, but when you're a forager ant you're eating for the community. You have to listen not only to your own nutritional needs, but the needs of your coworkers too. Or do you? Audrey Dussutour and Steve Simpson from the University


In hard real-time multi-tasking systems each task has to meet its deadline under any circumstances. If one or several tasks violate their timing constraints, compiler optimizations can be used to optimize the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) of each task with a focus on the system's schedulability. Existing approaches are limited to single-tasking or strictly periodic multitasking systems. We propose a compiler optimization to perform a schedulability-aware static instruction Scratchpad Allocation for arbitrary activation patterns and deadlines. The approach is based on Integer-Linear Programming and is evaluated for the Infineon TriCore TC1796 microcontroller.


The invention relates to a method of operating an engine assembly (2) with an internal combustion engine (4) with a turbo compressor (6) of a turbocharger and an in combustion air flow direction (V) between the turbocharger compressor (6) and the internal combustion engine (4) arranged charge air cooler ( arranged 8) and a (in combustion air flow direction V) (in front of the internal combustion engine 4) and (after the turbocharger compressor 6) throttle valve (10) comprising the steps of: Determining a relative humidity (L), and reducing the throttle pressure difference (10) depending on the relative humidity (L). Furthermore, the invention relates to such a motor assembly (2) and a motor vehicle with such a motor assembly (2).