Abstract The article presents the three-state semi-Markov model of the process {W(t): t ≥ 0} of state transitions of a ship power plant machine, with the following interpretation of these states: s1 – state of full serviceability, s2 – state of partial serviceability, and s3 – state of unserviceability. These states are precisely defined for the ship main engine (ME). A hypothesis is proposed which explains the possibility of application of this model to examine models of real state transitions of ship power plant machines. Empirical data concerning ME were used for calculating limiting probabilities for the process {W(t): t ≥ 0}. The applicability of these probabilities in decision making with the assistance of the Bayesian statistical theory is demonstrated. The probabilities were calculated using a procedure included in the computational software MATHEMATICA, taking into consideration the fact that the random variables representing state transition times of the process {W(t): t ≥ 0} have gamma distributions. The usefulness of the Bayesian statistical theory in operational decision-making concerning ship power plants is shown using a decision dendrite which maps ME states and consequences of particular decisions, thus making it possible to choose between the following two decisions: d1 – first perform a relevant preventive service of the engine to restore its state and then perform the commissioned task within the time limit determined by the customer, and d2 – omit the preventive service and start performing the commissioned task.


The overall aim of this doctoral dissertation was to gain insight into the child protective services of two countries, Norway and France, and use this knowledge to put into perspective existing laws and practices in these two countries. In addition, the study aimed to investigate relevant factors likely to explain cross-national differences. The study asked which cultural understandings of family underpin the Norwegian and French child protective services respectively, and how different cultural understandings of family translate into differences in legislation and practices. The study's research design was comparative. The study focused on two main issues: (1) the cultural understandings of family underpinning child welfare laws and (2) child welfare workers' perceptions of family. The central original empirical materials for this dissertation derived from professional accounts of 43 child welfare workers (20 in Norway and 23 in France). Furthermore, the study used as data the child welfare laws of the two countries, as well as previous studies of the historical development of the child welfare laws and policies in Norway. Theoretically, the study applies concepts and theoretical perspectives from cultural sociology and family and kinship studies. The body of this dissertation comprises four research papers. Paper 1 examines legal provisions regulating out-of-home placements to compare the notion of family underpinning the child welfare laws in Norway and in France. Paper 2 uses a historical review of child welfare laws and policies to discuss the transformation in the forms of the state control of families in Norway. Using as data Norwegian and French child welfare workers' accounts, paper 3 explores their perceptions of biological kinship ties. Paper 4 sheds light on distinct dispositifs (i.e., a set of norms, knowledge, and practices) of parenting. Taken together, the four research papers also shed light on the relationships between the distinct cultural understandings, the professional ideologies and knowledge, and the broader structural and institutional contexts. The study extends previous knowledge of cross-national variation in child protective services by shedding light on two different dispositifs: the Norwegian and the French. The Norwegian dispositif tends to be more individualist and child centric. The French dispositif in contrast is more family centric. This dissertation demonstrates the importance of considering the interplay between family cultures and professional ideologies and knowledge in order to understand cross-national differences in child protective services. The findings from this dissertation have significant implications for social work practice with children and families, as they have the potential to enhance child welfare workers' awareness of how their cultural assumptions influence their practice in both home-based interventions and out-of-home placements.


During the past decade, laryngeal framework surgery has become the treatment of choice for the management of adductor paralysis of the vocal fold. The primary impetus for the use of this technique has been on the rehabilitation of voice. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effectiveness of laryngeal framework surgery, including medialization laryngoplasty with silicone (MLS), with or without arytenoid adduction (AA), on eliminating aspiration, improving diet, and aiding in the subsequent decannulation of individuals with glottic insufficiency secondary to vocal fold palsy.


* Corresponding Author Email: email@example.com Magnetic-fluorescent lanthanide doped sodium lutetium fluoride (NaLuF4:Yb 3+/Er3+/Gd3+) nanocrystals were synthesized via facile hydrothermal method by varying concentration of Gd3+. Powder X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), particle size by dynamic light scattering (DLS), photoluminescence (PL) and magnetic studies were used to characterize the structural, optical and magnetic properties of these nanocrystals. Powder X-ray diffraction results signified good crystallinity and effective doping in sodium lutetium fluoride nanocrystals. The SEM and TEM micrographs defined their flower like morphology. The EDS was performed to investigate the presence of dopant. The emission intensities of the prepared samples are strongly controlled by particle sizes which are influenced by co-doping NaLuF4 nanocrystals with varying concentration of Gd3+. Besides the efficient optical properties, Gd3+ doped NaLuF4 nanocrystals exhibited paramagnetic behavior at room temperature with magnetization of up to 8.24× 10-3 emu g-1 at 15 kOe. ARTICLE INFO


resources (like land and water), it has become necessary to limit this loss. Although, genomics studies have contributed significantly to abiotic stress biology, the information needs to be complemented by proteome analysis. Proteome analysis of biological systems including plants is significant as proteins are the real executers. Our group is trying to dissect cold/freeze stress signaling using Brassica juncea (cold tolerant), tomato (cold sensitive) and Seabuckthorn (cold/ freezing tolerant) plants. Antifreeze proteins were purified from Seabuckthorn for cryopreservation of RBCs and Nano biotechnological applications. Cold stress and NO cross talk is also being deciphered focusing on roles of NO based PTMs, S-nitrosylation in particular. To understand stress signaling at subcellular level, cuticle, apoplast and nuclear proteome is being analyzed. Besides, to bridge the supply and demand gap of food; alternate food crops (like tubers) are being explored for their potential usage. Proteome analysis of Dioscorea alata to understand the tuber physiology for future crop improvement is undertaken. An overview of groups work is provided in this article. The Botanica 67 : 24-33. 2017


The spectral reflectance of sea foam was measured at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Pier, La Jolla, California, by viewing the sea surface radiometrically in a region of breaking waves. Foam reflectance was found to decrease substantially with wavelength in the near-infrared, contrary to the findings of previous studies, theoretical as well as experimental. Values in the visible (0.44 μm) were reduced by typically 40% at 0.85 μm, 50% at 1.02 μm, and 85% at 1.65 μm. The spectral effect was explained by the nature of the foam, which is composed of large bubbles of air separated by a thin layer of water (foam stricto sensu) and of bubbles of air injected in the underlayer. The presence of bubbles in the underlayer enhances water absorption and thus reduces reflectance in the near-infrared. For ocean color remote sensing, affected by the presence of foam and aerosols, the consequences of neglecting the spectral dependence of foam are dramatic. With only a small amount of foam, in the presence of aerosols or not and thus irrespective of aerosol type, the errors in the retrieved water reflectance at 0.44 μm are above 0.01, which does not meet the accuracy goal of 0.001 for biological applications. Since under normal conditions the effect of foam may have the same magnitude as the effect of aerosols, atmospheric corrections will be inaccurate (and useless) in many cases, even taking into account the spectral dependence of the foam reflectance. Space observations potentially contaminated by an effective foam reflectance (product of reflectance and fractional coverage) above 0.001, i.e., corresponding to wind speeds above 8 m s−1, should be eliminated systematically. Utilization of near-infrared wavelengths above 0.9 μm for atmospheric corrections of ocean color, possible with the moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS), would aggravate the problem. The measurements also indicated that foam significantly affects the retrieval of aerosol turbidity at 0.85 and 1.02 μm for wind speeds above 10 m s−1 but impacts minimally turbidity estimates at 1.65 μm. Over the oceans the spectral range above 1 μm is definitely recommended for remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol load and type from space.


Critical aspect in the modern e-learning
systems is selecting the most adequate learning materials
based on learners' requirements, needs and knowledge
goals. It is especially important because of information
overload. In addition, e-learning systems should deliver
learning materials to learners in the format adequate to
their learning style. On the other hand, it is common
practice to use tags in order to filter the most useful
learning materials because they allow learners to mark or
highlight some learning materials with their own tags. In
that way learners contribute to organizing and retrieving
useful learning materials. Our previous research was
focused on tag-based collaborative filtering and learning
style determination in order to suggest useful learning
material in adequate format.
In this paper, we propose a new tag-based collaborative
algorithm that takes in consideration the factors that
affect the tag-based collaborative filtering in order to
develop more efficient and accurate algorithm, and
suggest the learning materials based on posted tags rating
and students rating.
The developed system was implemented at the Faculty of
Law – Bitola, and the evaluation results are shown in this
paper.


We report a new cosensitization utilizing quantum dot (QD) PbS and Cis-(SCN)2Bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate) ruthenium (N3) dye on the nanoporous TiO2 film. Solid-state Grätzel solar cells with the cosensitized films show an improved overall efficiency by 200% relative to the cells assembled with only N3 sensitization and an extremely high open-circuit voltage of 840 mV, and a fill factor of 70.5%. Back reaction characteristics of the above cells are also investigated, demonstrating a great suppression of recombination due to cosensitization. It seems that the cosensitization also facilitates the electron injection into the conduction band of TiO2.


This research examines the perspective on the execution of court decisions on narcotics evidence confiscated for the state. The purpose of this study is to find out the implementation of the execution of seized narcotics evidence for the State in terms of criminal law and Narcotics Law. The research uses empirical and juridical approach methods. The execution of the court's decision on narcotics evidence is contained in ruling No. 39/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.BYL stated that the narcotics evidence seized is for the state. The destruction of evidence of narcotics is regulated in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, and the Attorney General's decision number: KEP-089/J.A/1988 concerning Settlement of Confiscated Goods in Articles 12 to 14. The results of this study show how the mechanism for completing the process of confiscation of seized narcotics evidence for the state is viewed from the perspective of criminal law. This researcher wants to explain what is the mechanism for implementing criminal case decisions regarding seized narcotic evidence for the State. Judging from the importance of destroying narcotics confiscated goods, it is necessary to know the procedure for destroying narcotics confiscated goods so that they are more in line with the procedures described in the law. As stated that the purpose of administering criminal procedural law in Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) is to achieve and obtain or at least approach material truth (substantial truth) namely the complete truth of a criminal incident by applying the provisions of criminal procedure law honestly and appropriately.


In order to clarify the characteristics of dry matter accumulation,nutrients absorption and distribution in trellis-cultivated melon and to provide theoretical basis in making measures for high yield fertilization according to trellis-cultivated melon growth and development characteristics.The dry matter accumulation and nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) uptake characteristics of trellis-cultivated melon were investigated by field experiments and analysis at the laboratory.The results show that the dry matter accumulations of trellis-cultivated melon at the vining stage at different fertility levels are not significantly different,while they are significantly different at the setting stage and fruiting stage,and they are the highest in high-fertility fields and the lowest in low-fertility fields.The N uptakes of the total plants in high-and middle-fertility fields are significantly higher than that in low-fertility fields at the whole growing period.The P uptakes of the total plants at the setting stage are the highest in high-fertility fields and are the lowest in low-fertility fields.The K uptakes of the total plants in high-and middle-fertility fields are significantly higher than those in low-fertility fields at the setting stage and fruiting stage.The nutrient use efficiencies in physiology(NUEp) in different fertility fields are not significantly different.The uptakes of N,P and K are comparatively lower at the vining stage and setting stage,which account for 15.3%-18.9%,14.5%-17.3%,11.0%-13.9% and 25.7%-33.4%,23.4%-27.5%,17.6%-25.1% of the absorption amounts in the whole growing period,respectively.The uptakes of N,P and K at the fruiting stage are increased rapidly,which are from 102.8 to 145.4 kg/ha,from 37.9 to 43.0 kg/ha,from 347.9 to 449.8 kg/ha,respectively.The absorption capacity of K in trellis-cultivated melon is the highest,followed by N and P.Taking the whole growing stages in consideration,the N∶ P∶ K ratio is 1 ∶ 0.30 ∶ 2.53.


This project explores how grassroots environmental justice (EJ) nonprofits discursively construct solutions for economic justice under neoliberal capitalism. Specifically, this paper aims to examine if certain EJ organizations use neoliberal or Solidarity Economy (SE) rhetoric and mechanisms for change in their economic campaigns. In the Environmental Justice Movement (EJM), divergent opinions exist about the use of neoliberal rhetoric and reformist strategies in environmental justice (EJ) activism. While some EJ scholars express the movement should advance justice through working to deconstruct capitalism, others assert the radical "high road" is politically infeasible and that groups must collaborate with existing economic and political systems. This study conducts a discourse analysis to assess the text of 40 grassroots EJ organizations' websites for rhetoric and strategies advocating neoliberal or SE ideology and reformist or radical political approaches to change. Further, this analysis illustrates that the three case study coalitions and their affiliated nonprofits are generally pursuing a Solidarity Economy framework and using both reformist and radical rhetoric and mechanisms for change in their campaigns for economic and environmental justice.


Cholesterol levels have an important role in controlling hypertension disease. Cholesterol levels are largely determined by adherence to management for hypertensive patients such as gymnastics, knowledge of management, medical examinations and health counseling. This has been facilitated by the government through PROLANIS managed by BPJS. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in adherence following PROLANIS with cholesterol levels in patients with hypertension in Banjardawa Public Health Center Pemalang District. This research was a comparative descriptive research, while data collected using observation sheet and cholesterol check. The sampling of this research used total sampling with 45 respondents group B on PROLANIS with hypertension. The results showed that mean cholesterol levels of patients adherence to hypertension is 196, while the non-adherence mean is 275. The result of statistical analysis with Independent T test showed p-value 0.000 <0,05. The conclusion was a difference of adherence following PROLANIS with cholesterol level in patient of hypertension at Banjardawa Public Health Center Pemalang District. The suggestions based on the results of the study is expected to health agencies can improve compliance PROLANIS participants so as to maintain the stability of cholesterol levels in patients with hypertension.
Keyword : Adherence PROLANIS, Cholesterol Level, Hypertension


Article history: Received 27 Nov 2019 Revised 15 Dec 2019 Accepted 20 Dec 2019 Abstract The hidden reserves of flora are often found in front of our eyes. One of these is the genus of oaks, which has significance not only aesthetical, ecological and industrial way, but also in human nutrition and phytotherapy. Acorns use as flour and coffee substitutes, kid delicacy and draft sap can also be consumed. Leaves use as flavoring, and the bark has an important anti-inflammatory, astringent and anti-microbial effect. The fruits also contain unsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, carbohydrates, phytosterols and minerals. As ingredient of functional food mentioned polyphenols first of all.


An attempt has been made to clarify the psychiatric problems of families who come to an outpatient clinic for retarded children. The families may be reacting to the presence of a retarded child; marital conflicts may already exist; neurotic and psychotic problems may be present within the individual parent; the families may regard themselves as outcasts from the community. Individual counselling, marital counselling, individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy and case work are the techniques which have been used with these families. It is felt that with the retarded child as with the other mentally ill, the individual cannot be regarded in isolation but as part of a family with dynamic relationship existing between all members. The psychiatrist is urged to recognize his counter-transference feelings in dealing with "incurable" children, and those parents who superficially appear to distrust psychiatric intervention.


The Baltic Dry Index is used as a strategic tool by shipping companies to monitor the daily movement of freight rates for the transportation of bulk cargoes on predetermined routes for the different types of bulk carriers. Therefore, the management of shipping companies pays great attention to the factors that can contribute to the prediction of the price movement of the Baltic Dry Index.
Main goal of this paper is to explore if stock market indices of United States of America (S&P 500 stock index) and China (Shanghai stock exchange Composite index), 10 Year bond yield, CRB index, WTI Crude oil and Gold as global market factors, but also as leading macroeconomic global indicators, have impact on movement of BDI. We explored period from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2021, with monthly data for which the multiple linear regression method was used to analyse mentioned global market factors impact on BDI.
The research found that the movement of S&P 500 and SSECI stock indices and CRB index had a positive impact on the movement of BDI, while the movement of Gold and WTI crude oil had negative impact on BDI for the observed period. The scientific contribution of this paper is manifested through observation and exploring relationship of mentioned global market factors with BDI, previous papers observed shorter time period and included macroeconomic indicators which are lagging, together with some global market factors.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the role that social contextual factors exert on the way people with disproportionate short stature (dwarfism) cope with the negative consequences of discrimination.

METHOD
Using multigroup structural equation modeling, we compare the coping process of people with dwarfism from Spain (N = 63) and the USA (N = 145), two countries that differ in the role played by organizations offering support to people with dwarfism.

RESULTS
In Spain, where organizational support is recent, a coping approach aimed at achieving integration with the majority group through limb-lengthening surgery prevails; in the USA, where the long-standing organization of people with dwarfism encourages pride in being a "little person" and positive intragroup contact, a coping strategy based on empowering the minority group dominates.

CONCLUSIONS
Both strategies, each in its own context, are effective at protecting psychological well-being from the negative consequences of stigmatization; however, they exert their positive effects through different processes.


PURPOSE: A feed-forward system of linear power amplifying device and method, are provided to use an average power detector and a phase detector, and to directly compare amplitude and phase of RF(Radio Frequency) signals supplied to an offset unit and a combiner, so that intermodulation distortion signal components included in amplified signals can be eliminated in real time. CONSTITUTION: A power amplifier(311) power-amplifies RF(Radio Frequency) signals to be transmitted. The first controller(321) inputs RF signals supplied to two input terminals of an offset unit(313) detecting distortion signals, and output signals of the power amplifier(311), and compare the amplitude and phase of the inputted signals. Then, the first controller(321) decides attenuation and phase control values according to compared results, to control gain and phase of the inputted RF signals. The offset unit(313) offsets outputs of the first controller(321) in outputs of the power amplifier(311), and detects distortion signals included in the amplified signals. The second controller(324) inputs the distortion signals outputted in the offset unit(313) and error-corrected distortion signals, and compares the amplitude and phase of the inputted signals. Then, the second controller(324) decides attenuation and phase control values according to compared results, to control gain and phase of the inputted distortion signals. A correction amplifier(312) amplifies the distortion signals outputted from the second controller(324). And a combiner(315) combines the correction-amplified signals with outputs of the power amplifier(311), to eliminate intermodulation distortion signals included in the power-amplified transmission signals.


This paper aims at  raising questions about writing, childhood and education, by narrating the story of the creation of a "dicionary of invented words". This dictionary was made by children that participated in some writing  workshops. Based on the relations between literature and psychoanalysis, the writing  workshops  were developed with different groups of children. The story of the Dictionary of Invented Perfections relates to  the writings of Manoel de Barros and Roland Barthes.


A group of robust and easy-to-make photolabile protecting groups (PPGs) for carbonyl compounds has been developed. Sequential removal of different PPGs is achieved via control of irradiation wavelength.


Original scientific paper In this work, TiC cladded layer has been produced by laser scanning over the preplaced TiC powder on aluminium substrate, using a pulse Nd:YAG laser. Depending on the effective energy density at the specimen surface, TiC was deposited or partially dispersed into the melted aluminium at the specimen surface. Microstructure was evaluated using optical microscopy and SEM/EDS analysis. Depth of laser cladded layer and microhardness measurements have been deliberated at the cross-section of laser cladded specimens. Effect of pulse laser energy density on cladding layer depth, microhardness, surface roughness and waviness has been studied. From the experimental analysis it is revealed that effective energy density has a significant effect on the TiC cladded surface roughness and waviness, but very little on microhardness of the cladded layer.


Abstract Five species of Fusarium, F. proliferatum, F. fujikuroi, F. verticillioides, F. sacchari, and Fusarium sp. are associated with pineapple fruit rot and leaf spot diseases in Malaysia. Their ability to produce mycotoxins was analysed by the detection of the FUM1 gene as an indicator of fumonisin B1 (FB1) production and by quantification of FB1, moniliformin (MON), and beauvericin (BEA) using ultra performance liquid chromatography. All isolates of F. proliferatum, F. fujikuroi, and F. verticillioides showed the presence of FUM1 band and were able to produce FB1 in vitro. MON was produced by all isolates of Fusarium species, however, BEA was produced only by F. verticillioides isolates and some F. proliferatum, F. fujikuroi, and Fusarium sp. isolates. Production of FB1, MON, and BEA in vitro can be used to predict mycotoxigenic potential of the Fusarium spp. associated with pineapple diseases.


Wireless sensor networks have many sensor devices that send their data to the sink or base station for further processing. This is called direct delivery. But this leads to heavy traffic in the net ...


The present disclosure relates generally to a system and method for growing a III to V nitride crystal. In particular, the system and method, and involves the diffusion through the configured components to determine a species of constituent species of the porous body, in which the species is formed free nucleus to grow a large nitride crystal.


Physical and biological systems are composed with many levels of organization. To these different levels of organization are associated different levels of description, i.e. large classes of models relative to each of these levels. For instance, in ecology, roughly one distinguishes three levels of organization, the individual level, the population level and the ecosystem level, and consequently three large classes of models may be found, individual strategy models, population dynamical models (like the Leslie model) and ecosystem dynamical models (like the Lotka-Volterra model). In this work, we present general methods to jump from one level to the next. For a two level system, one obtains two weakly coupled sets of equations (each one being relative to each level). The coupling terms allow one to study the interactions between the levels. This general method is then applied to ecology (coupled individual and population levels), to molecular and cellular biology (coupled chemical and cellular levels), and to economics (coupled sectorial and regional levels). One of our particular interests is to be able to obtain experimental verifications of the inter-level coupling effects, which means simultaneous using of experimental data relative to both levels for the same system.


The article is devoted to current trends in the development of small and medium-sized businesses, whose role is crucial in the agricultural sector. It is established that agricultural production with specific features and in conditions of instability of the economic environment of their functioning and climate change requires the activities improvement of productive enterprises, characterized by flexibility, mobility, high maneuverability and the ability to respond quickly to changing economic conditions and changing business needs over time. In addition, the decline of rural areas is a dangerous trend in the further development of the agricultural sector of the economy as a whole, so the effective operation of agricultural enterprises is associated with solving these problems. The activity of agricultural enterprises in the context of large, medium, small and micro enterprises is assessed, the sources of their financing are analyzed, the restraining factors of their potential growth are singled out. It is established that small and medium business is an integral part of the development of the agricultural economy, which is able to provide domestic consumers with food, promotes competition, solves important economic and social problems of rural revival and rural development, so it needs more attention to support prospects by expanding financial opportunities and intensification of entrepreneurial activity.
The position of the agricultural sector of the economy in the future depends on the level of long-term investment, its lending and state financial support for agricultural producers. The activities of small and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural sector need new approaches to promote their development by increasing the role and importance for agriculture and the economy as a whole. State support should be focused on promoting agricultural markets development, introducing new technologies, improving the investment attractiveness of industries, accomplishing the infrastructure of the agricultural market, financial and credit support, forming and implementation of rural development strategies in Ukraine.


Human resource development in the organisational context is a process by which the employees of an organisation are helped in a continuous, planned way to acquire or sharpen capabilities required to perform various functions associated with their present or expected future roles, develop their general capabilities as individuals and discover and exploit their own inner potentials for their own and/or organisational development processes; and develop an organisational culture in which supervisor – subordinate relationships, team work and collaboration among sub units are strong and contribute to the professional well – being, motivation and pride of employees. KMF has played a pivotal role in strengthening the cooperative movement in the state since its inception. The growth of dairy cooperative societies in Karnataka has been spectacular; in 1975-76 there were only 103 societies. Today there are nearly 8000 societies with a membership of 15 lakhs. Milk procurement has increased from 10 thousand kilograms per day to 1,474 thousand kilograms per day. The sample consists of 450 respondents' pulse -beat of the research study. Objectives of the study were to examine HRD practices being followed in selected milk processing organizations under study and to suggest remedial measures in order to enhance the quality of HRD practices in KMF, Karnataka. Employees believe that the top management gives importance to the human resource and all the employees are treated humanely in the organization. The climate is also favourable in terms of employee being handled with care. The importance of cattle in India's rural economy has long been recognised and widely commented upon therefore, dairying is one of the important allied activities to provide more employment opportunities to the unemployed and under employed thereby increasing their income in rural India.


Resulting from the pot and cultivation trials, Ca-P is the main component of inorganic phosphorus in Heilonggang's Alluvial Soil with a percentage of 80% The percent of O-P is 11.6%; Fe-P and Al-P are both no more than 5%. During the cultivation, Ca 8-P, Al-P, Fe-P and O-P were very active in CK and NK treatments, increasing as time passed, while Ca 2-P and Ca 10 -P were more steady and changed little. In NPK treatment, every form of inorganic phosphorus increased, and the biggest increase is of Ca 2-P as 300%. Both contributions of Fe-p and Al-P in this soil were very considerable, when convened, it was almost even to the Ca-P's. The contribution difference between Ca 2-P and Ca 8-P was great in different treatments, and the Ca 10 -P contributed in reverse.


From 1997 to 1999, we analyzed growth in body mass and wing length of nestlings from a population of Blue-fronted Amazons (Amazona aestiva) living freely in the Pantanal of South Mato Grosso and nestlings raised in Centre for Rehabilitation of Wild Animals (CRAS). We studied whether sex, age, birth order and ectoparasite infestation affected their growth. To describe their growth, we used Richards' model to estimate the asymptotic size "A", total growth period "T" and a parameter, "m", which describes the form of the curve. The two groups presented similar asymptotic body masses. However, the nestlings raised in captivity took more time to attain their asymptotic mass and took 55% more time to attain their asymptotic wing length. Analysis of deviations from the mass predicted by the Richards' model did not reveal any differences between sexes or the manner in which they were raising. However, ANOVA revealed that immediately before being released the parrots at CRAS weighed more than those in their natural hab- itat before fledging into the wild. The rate of increase in mass varied among years for birds in captivity but not for birds in the wild. Infestation by ectoparasites, and nestling order negatively affected the growth of nestlings in the wild. Accepted 15 October 2002.


The importance of Small and Micro Enterprises (SMEs) in contributing to job creation and increased output is widely accepted in both developed and developing countries. Of particular interest is the process of expansion of these enterprises from very micro into small scale size, that they make tangible contribution to economic growth and job creation. However, in Uganda and other less developed countries (LDCs), there is evidence of a shortage of Small-sized growth-oriented SMEs that could make an important contribution to development. This is generally attributed to hidden and largely inadvertent biases in the economic policies of these countries that militate against the gradual and organic growth of their enterprises. This study assessed the factors that affect the performance of Small and Micro Enterprises (SMEs) in Rukiri Sub-county Ibanda District Uganda. The aim of this study was to provide the business owners in the locality with information on starting and managing their Small and Micro Enterprises by creating awareness on the factors that affect performance and sustainable management of SMEs. The factors tested were: Business characteristics, Managerial skills, financial accessibility and physical infrastructures. A descriptive and correlational research design using both descriptive and analytical methods were applied during the study. The study was conducted in Rukiri sub-county parishes of Bwenda, Rukiri, Katembe, and Mpunda. A sample size of 101 SMEs was selected using a purposive stratified random sampling technique. There was a positive correlation between; Physical infrastructure and SMEs performance (r=0.507, p<0.05 financial accessibility and SMEs performance (r= 0.462 p<0.05) and between managerial skills and performance of SMEs (r= 0.396 p<0.05). The independent variables significantly explained 60.7% of the variations in the dependent variable at 0.05% The study, recommends training for SMEs owners and establishment of free interest loans or grants with minimal conditions of access since most SMEs lack collateral security.


Fluid pressure generated in the hip during activity has been implicated in component loosening. Animal studies show both the adverse effect of direct pressure on osteocytes and the resorption of bone subjected to cyclic loads. Pressure fluctuation measured in contained pelvic osteolytic lesions during manipulation of the hip at revision surgery suggests cyclic pressure may have a direct effect on bone resorption leading to pelvic osteolysis. To determine the cause of pressure fluctuation in pelvic structures supporting a hip implant, we conducted an experimental and numerical analysis of relative motion at modular interfaces of acetabular cups as load was applied and removed. We showed that for polyethylene bearing inserts supported primarily at the rim, the application of cyclic load caused cyclic motion between the insert and the inside surface of the acetabular shell. In a fluid environment, this motion can generate cyclic pressure pulses that may be applied to bone directly through the holes in the shell provided for screw fixation. We conclude that motion at modular interfaces of acetabular components may contribute to pelvic osteolysis. Our hypothesis is that the motion of a bearing liner under cyclic load can produce fluctuating pressure pulses that are applied to bone directly through screw holes. In addition, the pulses may aid the transport of polyethylene wear debris particles into fixation interfaces. It is possible that lytic lesions previously associated with backside wear of the liner may be related to pumping of joint fluid by the liner.


A microstrip sensor with a magnetic film, which is capable of measuring two components of magnetic field, has been developed. The resonator of the sensor consists of alternating segments of strip lines with air filling and microstrip lines on substrates with high dielectric constant, joined into a ring. The thin magnetic films are located in clearances between a metal shield and conductor of the air-filled strip lines.


Educational partnerships in music education may take many forms. As the boundaries of music education expand, so partnerships may be extended to early childhood music programs in daycares and nursery schools, to intergenerational exchanges between elementary school students and geriatric patients, to internships in church music and music industry. Collaborative efforts may involve one methods class and its practicum, or an entire school system and a university music department. Whatever form or scope they take, educational partnerships must maintain the essential principles of collaboration: mutual involvement and commitment, shared goals, continuous communication, and realization of joint benefits. Partnerships between universities and schools are essential if we are to narrow the gap between theory and practice in teaching and prepare future educators adequately. The schools themselves will benefit immediately due to the infusion of ideas from the universities, and in the future, from access to a cadre of better-equipped teachers.


(2) x\t)=f'(t)+K(t, t, x(t))+j lKt{ty s, x(s))ds , where Kt(t, s, x)=dK(t, s, x)/dt If the function K does not explicity contain a variable t, the equation (2) is reduced to a differential equation. Hence the results concerning (1) or (2) are the generalizations of those corresponding to differential equations. As for the results in differential equations, for example, see [2]. The purpose of this paper is, at first, to obtain some comparison theorems for the integral equation


Gray relational analysis is use to determine the leading factor affecting power supply in Xiamen.The evaluation result is acquired according to the gray relational grade formula.The bigger the relational grade is,the more the influence is.This method has an extremely important practical significance in improving the prediction accuracy of Xiamen power supply.


The Northeast Texas Archeological Society, in conjunction with the East Texas, Dallas, and Tarrant County archeological societies, reinstated archaeological investigations at the Marshall Powder Mill ( 41 HS 17) in 1994 following several years of delicate negotiations with the landowner about the value of preserving this archaeological sile. The Marshall Powder Mill manufactured gunpowder, small arms and cannon, and refurbished weaponry, and was one of several arsenals that served the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederate States of America from 1863 to 1865. None have been thoroughly investigated archaeologically, however, thereby ignoring a major aspect of the Confederacy's war effort, and an important industrial enterprise. Building foundations, earthworks, roads, and an artificial channel race remain essentially undisturbed within the Loop 390 corridor and the privately-owned portions of the site; the eastern one-third of the site has been destroyed by a modern lumber mill. Although the site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, there is no concerted plan for preservation of this Civil War military-industrial complex. Little historical documentation exists as to the number and types of buildings, their locations, or the activities that were conducted at the Marshall Powder Mill. The single map in the National Archives was captured by Federal troops in 1864, and only indicates a few of the buildings and none of the earthworks. Apparently the Confederates were concerned with security, and the commander, Major George D. Alexander, destroyed or removed all records prior to Federal occupation of the site in 1865. Therefore, the archaeological remains speak the clearest about the Marshall Powder Mill's buildings and their functions, and may be the only sure means of reconstructing the layout and design of the arsenal, as well Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No.8 (1996) as ancillary fortifications, buildings, and structures around Marshall that date to the Civil War period.


Aims. A system of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) is derived for sunspot activity. Methods. The SDE derivation relies on basic assumptions about a cyclic but randomly varying source of sunspots and on an average lifetime for sunspots. The SDE model parameters are fit to sunspot data for three different 11-year sunspot cycles. Results of calculations for the SDE system are compared with the data for each of the three sunspot cycles. Results. Certain characteristics are shared by both the SDE model and the data. In particular, the second and third moments about the mean divided by the mean are similar for the SDE system and for the data and appear to be approximately constant over the cycle.


Purpose: Fast and accurate auto-segmentation on daily images is essential for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) − guided adaptive radiation therapy (ART). However, the state-of-the-art auto-segmentation based on deep learning still has limited success, particularly for complex structures in the abdomen. This study aimed to develop an automatic contour re fi nement (ACR) process to quickly correct for unacceptable auto-segmented contours. Methods and Materials: An improved level set − based active contour model (ACM) was implemented for the ACR process and was tested on the deep learning − based auto-segmentation of 80 abdominal MRI sets along with their ground truth contours. The performance of the ACR process was evaluated using 4 contour accuracy metrics: the Dice similarity coef fi cient (DSC), mean distance to agreement (MDA), surface DSC, and added path length (APL) on the auto-segmented contours of the small bowel, large bowel, combined bowels, pancreas, duodenum, and stomach. Results: A portion (3%-39%) of the corrected contours became practically acceptable per the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 132 (TG-132) recommendation (DSC > 0.8 and MDA < 3 mm). The best correction performance was seen in the combined bowels, where for the contours with major errors (initial DSC < 0.5 or MDA > 8 mm), the mean DSC increased from 0.34 to 0.59, the mean MDA decreased from 7.02 mm to 5.23 mm, and the APL reduced by almost 20 mm, whereas for the contours with minor errors, the mean DSC increased from 0.72 to 0.79, the mean MDA decreased from 3.35 mm to 3.29 mm, and more than one-third (39%) of the ACR contours became clinically acceptable. The execution time for the ACR process on one subregion was less than 2 seconds using an NVIDIA GTX 1060 GPU. The ACR process implemented based on the ACM was able to quickly correct for some inaccurate contours produced from MRI-based deep learning auto-segmentation of complex abdominal anatomy. The ACR method may be integrated into the autosegmentation step to accelerate the process of MRI-guided ART.


Disclosed is a surface light source device capable of minimizing a reduction in the optical properties of transmitted light and providing strong adhesion between a light guide plate and an optical sheet. The surface light source device comprises: a light guide plate including a light-emitting surface from which light is emitted; an adhesive layer formed on a portion of the light-emitting surface of the light guide plate; and an optical sheet disposed on the adhesive layer and including a structured surface contacting the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer adheres portions of the light guide plate and the optical sheet together, and may be formed as dots, a plurality of strips, or a mesh having open regions.


Based on GIS and scenario planning,the development schedule of the South Wuyin Area in Quzhou Industry New Town has been formulated by presenting the concept of earthwork balance unit in this paper.Under the complex terrain conditions,the conflicts among the scale of projects,vertical planning and development schedule are well resolved without changing the existing road system plan.


Business Process Management Systems (BMPSs) are often used to track activities, identify inefficiencies, and streamline the workflow. Typically, BPMSs are used by a single organization for internal users and processes through a trusted central system. However, scenarios involving multiple parties present a new challenge: to ensure the reliability of registered information and strict adherence to business rules for all participants without a central authority. Therefore, we explored the use of blockchain technology in association with a BPMS to create a Distributed Business Process System (dBPMS). This integration can fulfill the requirements above mentioned, creating tamper-proof registries, allowing reliable self-execution through smart contracts, within a trusted environment for all parties, without the need for inter-party trust. The proposed solution provides a workflow encompassing all activities and parties in an efficient ecosystem.


The development of online banking in the economies of many countries, including Russia, is a fairly young direction and now continues its active growth, and the formation of banking ecosystems is at the stage of origin and initial formation into an independent unit. However, many banks treat remote customer service not as a possible way of development, but as a forced measure. Implementation of new technologies in the banking sector is a little slower than in other segments of the industry. This is primarily due to the very conservative views of the top managers of the bank, as well as of many consumers of banking services. When investigating possible problems and prospects of development of online banks, it is possible to form a pool of new opportunities for growth of the banking system and development of the product line of individual banks.


After proposing a new total synthetic route for pheromone of Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) in a high overall yields, short synthetic, and cheap starting materials way, we used the method of electroantennogram (EAG) to detect the synergistic effects of five common corn leaf volatiles, which include benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, cis-3-hexenol, trans-2-hexenol and corn oil, on sex pheromones of Asian corn borer. The result showed that the five substances can significantly increase the activity of Asian corn borer sex pheromone and have a synergistic effect, but there was no significant difference between each other.


The paper briefly introduces regulation engineering of the originally controlledone-way channel to two-way channel of grade four, which has achieved good effect and beenappraised as an excellent project.


The Presbyterian Church of Kenya is the product of the merger of the missionary work of the American Gospel Missionary Society (GMS) and the Scottish Church of Scotland Mission (CSM) in 1946. The two missions had been working independently of each other in central Kenya since 1898. However, there is hardly any scholarly work that has analysed the merger. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to examine why the GMS-CSM merger became necessary from a GMS perspective. The paper argues that the merger became inevitable and unavoidable because the GMS was unable to solve the problems that plagued it - some of its own making and others beyond its control. The paper concludes by showing that the CSM emerged as the beneficiary of the merger because it eventually assimilated the GMS work.


Thermoplastic starch (TPS) and TPS/wheat gluten composites were prepared using compression molding. The wheat gluten contents ranged from 0 wt% to 20 wt%. The morphology of the fractured surfaces, thermal decomposition temperatures and mechanical properties of the TPS and TPS/wheat gluten composites were investigated using scanning election microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile testing, respectively. The maximum tensile strength of TPS/wheat gluten composites (1.1 MPa) was obtained when 10 wt% of wheat gluten was used. The crosslinking between wheat gluten protein chains caused an increase in the tensile strength of the TPS/wheat gluten composites. The temperature at the maximum weight loss of the TPS/wheat gluten composites was higher than for TPS. Moreover, wheat gluten decreased the water absorption.


THE PARIS-METZ A4 MOTORWAY LINKS PARIS WITH EASTERN FRANCE AND CENTRAL GERMANY. THE 35-KM SECTION BETWEEN NOISY LE GRAND AND MEAUX CONSISTS OF 2 THREE-LANE CARRIAGEWAYS WHICH CAN BE WIDENED TO TWO 4-LANE CARRIAGEWAYS. RIGID PAVEMENT TECHNIQUES WERE ADOPTED AS THEY PROVED TO AFFORD THE LOWEST COST AT THE FIRST STAGE OF INVESTMENT FOR THE MOST HIGHLY-TRAFFICKED SECTION. FOR OTHER ARTICLES DEALING WITH THIS SAME SECTION, SEE IRRD ABSTRACTS NOS 107184, 107185, 107186 AND 107187.


Over the past two decades, various schools of poststructuralist theory and criticism, including various branches of feminism, new historicism, cultural materialism, and psychoanalysis, have brought complex questions to bear on the conceptualization and representation of subjectivity in the early modern theatre, guiding out thinking about the term as a historically and discursively contingent, performative construct. In 1985 Catherine Belsey, in The Subject of Tragedy, identified two competing views of the human subject as operative in early modern European culture and theatrical practices: one, the medieval idea of the discontinuous, fragmented self; the other, what Belsey characterized as an incipient humanist notion of the stable, self-reflexive subject, a conceptualization that, she argued, would not be fully realized until the Enlightenment.1 More recently, literary critics and historians of the early modern period have demonstrated that the notion of the unified, self-reflexive subject was already in wide circulation during the late sixteenth century. As Sara Deats observes, antithetical views of subjectivity coexisted at this time amid competing claims about the ways in which the human subject attains knowledge, giving rise to 'an order of subjectivity that is recognizably modern'.2 Based in large part on the writings of Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, and other late-twentieth century theorists, early modern subjectivities have come to be considered as speculative and performative cultural constructs.3 Within this broad historical and semantic framework, subject performance in the early Early Theatre 7.2 (2004)


We prove that a certain cohomological residue associated to an ideal of pure dimension is annihilated exactly by the ideal. The cohomological residue is quite explicit and generalizes the classical ...


Cecropia glaziovii is a tree with used in Brazilian popular medicine. Methods allowing the clonal propagation of this species are of great interest for superior genotype multiplication and perpetuation. For this reason, we examined the effect of different culture media and different types of explants on adventitious shoot regeneration from callus and buds of C. glaziovii. Leaves, petioles and stipules obtained from aseptically grown seedlings or from pre-sterilized plants were used to initiate cultures. Adventitious shoot regeneration was achieved when apical and axillary buds were inoculated on gelled Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6benzylaminopurine alone (BAP) (1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg L -1 ) or combined with -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.0 or 2.0 mg L -1 ), after 40 days of culture. Best callus production was obtained after 30 days of petioles' culture on gelled MS medium with 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (5.0 mg L -1 ) combined with BAP (1.0 mg L -1 ). Successful shoot regeneration from callus was achieved when MS medium supplemented with zeatin (ZEA) (0.1 mg L -1 ) alone or combined with 2,4-D (1.0 or 5.0 mg L -1 ) was inoculated with friable callus obtained from petioles. All shoots were rooted by inoculation on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1.0 mg L -1 ). Rooted plants transferred to potting soil were successfully established. All in vitro regenerated plantlets showed to be normal, without morphological variations, being also identical to the source plant. Our study has shown that C. glaziovii can be propagated by tissue culture methods, allowing large scale multiplication of superior plants for pharmacological purpose s.


ABSTRACT The concept of Green care includes a diversity of interventions at farms, where the common basis of the interventions is use of nature and the natural environment to improve or promote health and well-being. Farm animals are a natural part of this service and farm animal-assisted interventions may act as a complementary intervention within mental health care. The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of a 12-week farm animal-assisted intervention on levels of depression (BDI-IA), state anxiety (STAI-SS), and self-efficacy (GSE) in people with clinical depression. Twenty-nine people (23 women and 6 men, mean age 37.8 years, range 23–58) were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 16) or a wait-list control group (n = 13). In the intervention group, the participants worked twice a week with the farmer in the cowshed. They interacted on their own choice with dairy cattle via work tasks and physical contact. A significant decline in depression (t(15) = –3.53, p = 0.003) and a significant increase in self-efficacy (t(15) = 2.18, p = 0.045) were seen in the intervention group between recruitment and end of intervention. In the control group, no significant changes were found. No significant differences were found when comparing change in mental health measures in the intervention and control groups. However, more subjects in the intervention group (6) than in the control group (1) had clinically significant change, indicating that animal- assisted intervention in Green care could be beneficial for subgroups of clients and act as a useful supplement within mental health care.


Abstract Due to the strong and aggressive electrolyte media and thermal load, design of the electroplating vats in the copper industry often relies on the resin concrete. The article presents the results of the strength tests of the polymer concrete based on the "Derakane" resin, used in the construction of electroplating vats. Samples were taken from the real vats - both new and 17-year old. Strength tests included compression and bending tensile strength test. To assess the effect of operational conditions the tests were performed on the same-age vats, some of which were never used while others were subjected to the operational load. During the operation, the vats sustained load of the anode and cathode weights, cyclic electrolyte loading with a temperatures up to 60°C. As a result, it was noted that the operational conditions led to the increased strength of the polymer concrete material.


The paper analyzes the educational views of philosophers, founders of the pedagogical course, writers the Enlightenment. And Russian and European Enlightenment thinkers believed that to solve the problems of society can be improved through training and education. Guarantor of such transformations is called an enlightened monarch. History has proven the validity of this theory in practice by the example of the Western monarchs and Catherine II of Russia. The core values of this era was the belief in the omnipotence of reason, social progress, ethics and moral categories.


We have examined the role of endogenously produced interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) in the contact hypersensitivity (CH) reaction to the haptene trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB). The CH reaction was abolished in IL‐4 genetically deficient mice (IL‐4 KO), when compared to wild‐type (wt) mice. The CH reaction was restored by treatment with IL‐4 and further analysis revealed that IL‐4 exerted its action both at the induction and effector stages of the CH reaction. Despite failure to develop a CH reaction, IL‐4 KO mice developed a T helper type 1 (Th1) response to TNCB, in terms of lymphokine production in vitro. Furthermore, the number of Vγ3+ cells accumulating in the lymph nodes of TNCB‐immune IL‐4 KO mice was normal. The recruitment of mononuclear cells and vascular leakage at the challenge site were consistently reduced in IL‐4 KO mice and were restored by injection of IL‐4. This suggests that IL‐4 acts as a proinflammatory mediator in CH, perhaps favouring the accumulation of mononuclear cells at the site of inflammation. Among Th2‐type cytokines, IL‐13, but not IL‐10, was shown to restore the CH reaction to TNCB in IL‐4 KO mice. However, IL‐4 KO mice developed a normal CH response to oxazolone, indicating that IL‐4 was required for the CH reaction to TNCB, but not for that to oxazolone.


The radioactive waste containers, containing different radioactive materials, have to be characterized before their final disposal. Destructive methods, although being the most precise, are also the most expensive and not the easiest ones from the radioprotection point of view. In this situation, high resolution gamma spectrometry proved to be a reliable method for the non destructive assay method. However, the non-homogenous composition of the radioactive waste inside the drum makes the quantitative characterization of the radioactive waste drum a difficult task. The efficiency calibration procedure is difficult and dependent on different parameters such as: experimental set-up, the sources distribution inside the drum, and also on the nuclear data used for the calculations. The experimental studies complemented with the performed Monte Carlo calculations are presented in this paper.


In current time,the growth and development of urban automatic folk organization has been gradually shows its characteristics as a "self organization",which is different from "the third sector" as "he system".Native,grass-roots,informal,open,online,vitality,scattered-congregated and non-stability are the main characteristics.The urban automatic folk organizations' development depends on the external environment and their own judgment,and has a diversity of the resultant forms,including loose,community and the private non-enterprise units,people,social enterprise and non type internal type.Behind these diversity association form,is the embodiment of urban automatic folk organization choosing for the social environment.So facing the urban automatic fork organization,we should adjust our policy.


In this paper we constrain the evolution in the comoving space density for low-luminosity (typically FRI) radio sources as a function of cosmic epoch by matching deep radio surveys (WENSS, FIRST and NVSS) with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This results in 1014 matched radio sources covering an effective area of 0.217 sr, 686 with L(325 MHz) < 10^25 W/Hz/sr, which is an order of magnitude larger than any previous study at these luminosities. Using the non-parametric V/Vmax test we show that low-luminosity radio sources evolve differently to their more powerful, predominantly FRII, counterparts. Indeed, we find that the lower luminosity population is consistent with a constant comoving space density with redshift, as opposed to the strong positive evolution for the more powerful sources.


Virtual Reality (VR) can support engaging and effective learning and current VR devices commercially available are opening up opportunities and expectations in higher education. An open research question is determining whether the fidelity of the VR device (e.g. resolution, framerate, etc.) impacts learning. This work aims to address this question by conducting a study wherein the quality of the experience and the knowledge acquired using a high fidelity (and high priced) VR headset is compared against a lower fidelity (and lower priced) VR headset. The results of the study do not reveal significant difference in spatial and experiential learning. The user satisfaction and experience are also similar regardless of the headset used.


SINCE THE TITLE of this paper implies a relationship between science and art, it is fitting that a discussion of scientific problems involved in musical art open with some remarks on the bearing of science to art in general. Art means doing, science means knowing. But art means more than doing, since all doing is not artistic, and science means more than knowing, since all knowing is not scientific. Hence, art is doing of a unique sort, and science is knowing of a unique sort. Now, there is knowing by doing, and there is doing by knowing. The difference between the two is this: that if the knowing is only the result of doing there is no evidence that either the knowing or the doing is sound. The person who only knows because he does, cannot know whether what he is doing is worth doing, or whether the way he is doing is also the best way of doing it. And it is here that science comes to the rescue; for scientific method is no more than a procedure for obtaining knowledge in which we can place a high degree of confidence because of its verifiability. It is therefore only when we talk scientifically that we really can know what it is we are talking about, because we can produce factual evidence for our conclusions. Science does not defend, attack, dictate, or plead. It seeks to know. And if knowledge by search contradicts knowledge by practice, it is the part of wisdom to place confidence in the former. In other words, knowledge by practice is not necessarily wrong nor necessarily right. Whether it is the one or the other only scientific method can determine, and scientific method means experimentation. A scientific product is an idea, while an artistic product is an object. Consequently, a scientific approach to art simply means a search for a reliable idea, for dependable knowledge, regarding the nature of the art object, the nature of the artistic activity, and the nature of the art experience. The psychological, or scientific, problems in musical art are fourfold: (1) What is music as art? (2) What constitutes the esthetic hearing of music? (3) What is the basis for the esthetic hearing of music? (4) What must be an adequate procedure in education for the esthetic hearing of music? Each of these questions must be answered in terms of the whole of which it is a part, if the answer is to have any degree of dependability. Thus, since music is one of the arts, its place among the arts, what particular artistic need it serves, can be determined only when we have a general definition of the nature and function of art in general. The second question likewise calls for a definition of esthetic experience of which musical experience is one expression. And when the nature of esthetic experience has been ascertained it becomes necessary to find out where it belongs in the growth of experience in order to see what operates in it. Finally, education for the esthetic perception of music must be in harmony with what it is that education is out to accomplish in all phases of educational procedure.


Generally, the global histogram equalization of contrast enhancement methods was used in various application fields because of its simple and effective function. But, as it has a disadvantage that the brightness of an image is changed excessively, in spite of heavy computational complexity, overlapped sub-block histogram equalization method reflecting local histogram properties is used mainly. Also, the global and local histogram equalization methods increase excessively the contrast of simple background occupying wide scope, and they causes the false contour which is unpleasant to the perception operation of an observer. So, in order to improve the local brightness, this paper derived the local histogram equalization (LHE) with the minimal overlapped block size that is optimized for Full High Definition (FHD: 1920×1080) representing the standard image size of large-size LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) TV and can be applied without causing the blocking artifacts, and then it proposed the image contrast enhancement method that combines the modified error diffusion (ED) method in order to reduce the contouring artifacts. This experimental results show that the proposed contrast enhancement method preserves the local image brightness and suppresses the contouring artifacts.


This article develops a process-oriented concept of union effectiveness at the workplace and defines two related measures: union influence on management decision-making and union leaders' perception of shop-floor union strength. It explores various explanations of union effectiveness in Central Eastern Europe. In particular, it examines the limits of the economic explanations and the relevance of organizational factors (such as leadership and membership attitudes and collective identities). Empirical data are provided from a survey of local union leaders in two industries in Hungary and Slovenia. The findings of regression analysis reveal that two organizational resources, trust in management and union member commitment, are the most important determinants for both measures of effectiveness.


Hemodynamic variability in patients with atrial fibrillation may originate from a direct influence of the variations in RR intervals on myocardial contractility. With the aid of a computer the serial autocorrelation function and the histogram of the RR intervals of patients with atrial fibrillation receiving no medication were produced. The RR intervals were randomly distributed and the histograms rather skew. Next, random rhythms with histograms matching those of the patients were produced with a radioactive source and a Geiger-Müller counter. These rhythms were used to stimulate isolated perfused rat hearts to study the relationship between the RR interval and a number of contractile parameters. The ECG and the isotonic contractions were digitized and processed by the computer. Serial crosscorrelation coefficients were computed between the RR interval on the one hand, and contraction height, contraction area, and maximum of the first derivative of the contraction on the other hand. The zero order crosscorrelation coefficient between the RR interval and contraction height was 0.6, between the RR interval and contraction area 0.8, and between the RR interval and maximum of first derivative 0.5. Although small, the first and second to approximately the tenth order coefficients were definitely negative. It is concluded that during a random rhythm the contractile parameters of an isolated heart are strongly related to the preceding RR interval. It is conceivable that this relation contributes to the variability of hemodynamic parameters during atrial fibrillation in man.


The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of some residents in Chungnam province on climate change in an effort to provide information on how to raise awareness of climate change among residents in this region, how to let them cope with it in person, related policy setting and reform measures. This study was carried out from May 10, 2013 to May 31 by selecting local residents around targeting Local Agenda21 For ChungNam Council (100 people) in Chungnam Province based on convenience sampling. Questionnaire was widely distributed 1080 copies by being made self-development (Cronbach α 0.743). As for 849 copies (78.6%) out of it, ANOVA were performed. It was indicated to be 3.85±0.888 (5 points as the maximum score) as for the score of having recognized climate change, 4.19±0.779 (5 points as the maximum score) as for the score of having recognized seriousness of climate change, 6.79±2.004 (10 points as the maximum score) as for the score of having recognized a cause for climate change, 6.14±1.383 (7 points as the maximum score) as for the score of having recognized the impact of climate change. In the practice of coping with climate change, it was indicated to be the highest in the waste separate collection with 4.08±0.985 (5 points as the maximum score), but to be the lowest in the use of public transportation with 3.21±1.309 (5 points as the maximum score). The score of perception in people who received education related to climate change was indicated to be high in all. Whether they had received education related to climate change or not made significant differences to every area. It indicates the effects of education related to climate change, and the increase and reinforcement of this education are expected to produce great effects. Therefore it is required to offer more education on climate change not only in Chungnam province but across the nation.


Last year for Hands On, I gutted a defunct TRS-80 Model 100. The goal was to upgrade its 24 kilobytes of RAM and 2.4-mega-hertz, 8-bit CPU but keep the notebook computer's lovely keyboard and LCD screen. That article was almost entirely about figuring out how to drive its squirrely 1980s-era LCD screen. I left the rest, as they say, as an exercise for the reader. After all, sending a stream of data from a new CPU to the Arduino Mega controlling the screen would be a trivial exercise, right?


Simple Summary According to international guidelines, the treatment of prostate cancer in men aged 70 or over should consider the patient's health status. Although these guidelines were published more than ten years ago, the level of their implementation in routine clinical practice has not been evaluated. Here, we studied the degree of implementation of these guidelines and the association between their implementation and patients' survival. We found that the selected treatment was not guideline-compliant in almost half the patients, that non-metastatic disease was a factor related to non-compliance with the guidelines and that non-compliance with the guidelines was associated with worse survival. Abstract The guidelines on prostate cancer treatment in older men recommend evaluating the patient's underlying health status before treatment selection. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of a guideline–discordant treatment (GDT), identify factors associated with GDT, and assess the relationship between GDT and overall survival. We studied patients with prostate cancer aged 70 or older included in the ELCAPA cohort between 2010 and 2019. Multivariable logistic regression assessed GDT-associated factors. The restricted mean survival time (RMST) assessed the 24- and 36-month OS using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting of propensity scores. We included 356 patients (median age: 81 years), and 164 (46%) received a GDT (95% confidence interval (CI) = (41–51%)). Patients with metastases were less likely to receive a GDT (adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) = 0.34 (0.17–0.69); p = 0.003). After weighting, the RMST at 24 months was shorter in the GDT group (13.9 months, vs. 17 months for compliant treatments; difference (95% CI): −3.1 months (−5.3, −1.0); p = 0.004). RMST at 36 months was 18.5 months, vs. 21.8 months (difference: −3.3 months (−6.7, 0.0); p = 0.053). GDT is common in older patients with prostate cancer and especially those with non-metastatic disease. GDT was associated with worse survival, independently of health status and tumour characteristics.


The long‐term effects of ileocolic anastomosis in children are not known. We therefore carried out a survey of all such patients treated at our hospital between 1971 and 1985. Thirty‐seven patients were identified and invited to attend for follow‐up. Twenty‐seven (73 per cent) were examined and included in the survey. Mean age at survey was 7·8 years (range 1·6–17·6 years) and mean duration since operation was 6·3 years. Necrotizing enterocolitis and intussusception were the commonest indications for operation. As judged by height, weight and skin fold thickness, all patients were well nourished. Seven (26 per cent) had loose stools, five had chronic folic acid deficiency and one was vitamin B 12 deficient. We conclude that resection of the ileocaecal region is well tolerated in childhood and does not affect growth. Loose stools are directly related to the length of ileal resection.


FIELD: computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: method involves arranging of several turns of wire, thermal compression connection of wire terminals to first and second contact pads of semiconductor microchip, and mounting coil turns, which provide antenna coil, and semiconductor microchip on carrier. Goal of invention is achieved by using thermal compression welding unit, which is embedded directly into pointing head of turning apparatus, for thermal compression connection. Said pointing head arranges wire in several turns after connection of wire end to first contact pad of semiconductor microchip by means of thermal compression welding unit. Then, wire is connected to second contact pad of semiconductor microchip. EFFECT: simplified design, decreased cost and facilitated automation of production. 2 cl, 1 dwg


Technology as a tool serves to encourage teaching above all in the programming area due to its complexity. The present research seeks to potentiate and motivate the students' interest for programming, using didactic resources through Arduino shields. It will be achieved adapting the resources and the activities involved in the learning process in this field. A descriptive research, using empirical studies, was done to capture the students' attention towards different applications of didactic materials developed in internet of things. In this way the research contributes to stimulate and innovate the teaching learning process, so that students and teachers may improve their attitude and aptitude while receiving the subject. For teachers is of paramount importance to foster the collaborative learning in an interactive environment. The results allow concluding that the teaching learning process of different themes in areas of technology, especially in relation to programming.


Semi-automated software has been written in Matlab to enable nesting Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), on aerial photographs of the Ross Sea sector of Antarctica, to be counted. Previously, this task had been accomplished by manual marking of printed images; this is slow, and highly-dependent on the skill of the operator. The basis of the semiautomated counting procedure is to use linear discriminant analysis to separate the background (snow, water, rock, bare ground) from the guano-covered colony area, followed by morphological image processing operators to select the breeding penguins. Many interactive features are provided that allow an operator to delete penguins singly or in groups, selectively process a defined area, and record the running census counts.


Intensive physical activities lead to intensification in the brain free radical processes and inhibition of enzymes activity of the antioxidant system. Optimal physical activities do not reduce efficiency of antioxidant protection in the brain.


The buzz around wireless networking has been due to the various luxuries it offers in terms of ubiquity, rapid deployment and connectivity freedom. In addition to their routine usage, wireless networks may also be utilized for public safety and humanitarian well-being. In this work, we discuss how the application of vehicular communication systems may be materialized for public safety by incorporation of remote sensing and mobile computing. Moreover, we also highlight the utility of wireless mesh networks in disaster recovery and calamity based scenarios and discuss various functional requirements for their deployment. Additionally, we articulate on the possible utilization of integrated WLANWiMAX structure for remote facilitation of clinical healthcare and present diverse deployment options in this regard. Furthermore, we also analyze the suitability of these technologies by ascertaining their functional requirements pertaining to their deployment for public safety scenarios.


Précis: The present study demonstrates that the surgical success rate of circumferential trabeculotomy is 64.7% according to target intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤21 mm Hg and ≥30% reduction from baseline in patients with neonatal-onset primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), with an average follow-up of 35.1 months. Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the surgical success rate and applicability of circumferential trabeculotomy compared with converted traditional trabeculotomy in patients with neonatal-onset PCG in Turkey. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study enrolled 42 eyes of 42 patients with an average age of 34.0±6.7 (14 to 59) days at the time of the surgery, who underwent 5/0 prolene suture-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy or rigid probe-assisted traditional trabeculotomy for the treatment of neonatal-onset PCG. IOP at baseline, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 24th, and 36th months of follow-up, need of glaucoma eye drop, need of further glaucoma surgery, cup to disc ratio, axial length, corneal diameters, and presence of corneal clouding were recorded. Surgical success was defined as IOP <21 mm Hg and ≥30% reduction from baseline without any further glaucoma surgery. Results: Seventeen eyes underwent circumferential trabeculotomy and 25 eyes with a failure in completing circumferential trabeculotomy underwent traditional trabeculotomy. The applicability rate of circumferential trabeculotomy was 40.4%. The mean preoperative IOP value was 33.2±7.6 mm Hg. The average follow-up time was 35.1±21.7 (12 to 95) months. Surgical success rates of circumferential trabeculotomy at the first, second, and third year of follow-up were 70.6%, 64.7%, and 64.7%, respectively. Surgical success rates of traditional trabeculotomy at the first, second, and third year of follow-up were 60%, 48%, and 44%, respectively. Conclusions: Circumferential trabeculotomy seems to be a safer and more successful procedure than traditional trabeculotomy for the treatment of neonatal-onset PCG. Unlike the traditional procedure, the IOP-lowering effect of circumferential trabeculotomy could be maintained up to ~36 months.


Summary We present a case of a six–year–old boy with complex partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections with accessory pulmonary veins, where multi–detector computed tomography proved crucial for accurate identification prior to planning for surgical correction.


Vector control methods offer the possibility to gain high performance, being widely used. Certain applications require an optimum control in limit operating conditions, as, at maximum torque, that is not always satisfied. The paper presents how the voltage and the frequency for an asynchronous machine (ASM) operating at variable speed are determinate, with an accent on the method that keeps the rotor flux constant. The simulation analyses consider three load types: variable torque and speed, variable torque and constant speed, constant torque and variable speed. The final values of frequency and voltage are obtained through the proposed control schemes with one controller using the simulation language based on the Maple module. The dynamic analysis of the system is done for the case with P and PI controller and allows conclusions on the proposed method, which can have different applications, as the ASM in wind turbines.


A patients suffering from waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia were treated with plasma exchamge(PEE).The dual chamber contionus instrument(CS-3000 Blood Cell Separator,Fenwal Laboratories,Deefied,IL)was used and the amount of plasmapheresis was from 2500 tO 3 000 ml each time 17 timea of PE were carried out.Before and after plasma exchange the following parameters were determined:Hb,Hct,WBC,plat,ESR,serum immune globin(IgA,IgG,IgM).The result had showm that there was 33.3%(medium)drop in serum IgM each PE and negative correlation between the level of serum IgM and the amouunt of pklasmapheresis.The more the serum IgM before PE increased the less IgM after PE Decreased.


This article examines how American intellectuals such as Jonathan Edwards, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William James, John Dewey, and Walter Lippmann have recognized reality as well as human nature through both experiential and transcendental approaches. Understanding their recognitions of reality and man, this article argues that throughout American intellectual history the antithesis of the concept of democracy had been not necessarily that of elitism, for both concepts, rather, had been needed in reaching equilibrium between whole and parts which American intellectuals had sought as the most desirable state in the relation of man and God, and of individual and society. In fact, even when they stressed the excellence of whole and the heroism of man, they did so considering their relationships of mutual consent between all parts. In this respect, they were not elitist thinkers like Pareto, Mosca, and Michels who established a systematic distinction between elite and masses in society and politics. They believed that the theological and philosophical concepts of democracy and elitism can be, and should be, reconciled and applied for the full growth of individuals and the entire progress of society. The aim of this article is to criticize a current intellectual ethos which denies reality as well as human subject due to the belief that the processes of historical formation have been dominated by elite persons, elite values, and elite culture.


Pathways of formation are discussed for the thirteen toxisterols, the isolation and structure determination of which have been dealt with in the preceding article. It is suggested that toxisterols A (C-8 spiro compounds) and C (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenes) originate from previtamin D through relaxation of the excited "tZc" form of its hexatriene system. The symmetry-allowed conrotatory closure to a 5–6–10 cyclopropane ring constitutes a plausible first step for both reactions. The description of the formation of the bicyclohexene moiety of toxisterol C1 as a two-step process is consistent with its stereochemistry; the configuration corresponds to an overall [π4a + π2a] route and not to the [π4s + π2a] pathway expected for a concerted photochemical process. For the formation of toxisterols A a series of steps following the initial cyclopropane ring closure - comprising a hydrogen shift from C-4 to C-9 and bond formation between C-4 and C-8 - to provide the C-8 spirostructure is proposed. Toxisterol D1 can be formed from previtamin D (or tachysterol) by a photoinduced antarafacial [1,5] hydrogen shift. The cyclobuteno compound toxisterol E1 originates from excited tachysterol through a disrotatorye ring closure of the 6-7-8-9 butadiene moiety.

A rationalization is offered for the novel photochemical 1,6-addition of alcohol to the conjugated triene system of previtamin D/tachysterol yielding the toxisterols B, as well as for the photoreduction to form toxisterol R1. The article concludes with comments on the general picture of photoconversions as it emerges from previous and present investigations.


This article focuses on the confrontation between Blanche and Stanley in Tennessee Williams' famous play A Streetcar Named Desire, in order to reveal it is not only a confrontation of two individuals, but two cultures—the South and North America, and discusses Tennessee's intention to create these figures in his play.


The relationships between segments and tones have posed an interesting challenge to the theories of phonetics and phonology. On the one hand, at the phonological level, there do not seem to be any languages in which tones are contrastive on consonants. Furthermore, phonetically speaking, f0 differences due to phonological tonal contrasts manifest themselves most clearly during vowels. These observations seem to suggest that tones should be phonologically associated with vowels. As a consequence, in studying f0 patterns of tonal languages, we tend to focus exclusively on examining vocalic intervals. On the other hand, consonants can interact with tones in non-trivial ways; for example, there can be phonological restrictions on tonal distributions given certain types of consonants. For example, only H-tones are allowed after voiceless and aspirated consonants in Dzongkha and Dränjongke. Therefore, consonants need to have some relationship with tonal features. In order to solve this apparent challenge, Lee (2008) proposed that (i) tones can be directly associated with consonants, but that (ii) there are no faithfulness constraints that protect underlying tonal specifications on (non-moraic) consonants. While this theory has successfully accounted for the abovementioned challenge, the theory predicts that consonants can also be tonal targets at the phonetic level, a prediction which remained to be tested. In this talk, first, we report phonetic data from two Tibeto-Burman languages—Dzongkha and Dränjongke—which show that this prediction made by Lee's (2008) theory is in fact born out. Second, we propose phonological representations that account for the tonal realization patterns in these languages, and develop an Optimality Theoretic (Prince & Smolensky 2004) analysis to derive these representations.


In this special issue of NJAWHE, we look specifically at gender performance in higher education and the factors that contribute to this way of being for women faculty, administrators, and graduate and undergraduate students across institution types. The importance of reconsidering the impacts of socially constructed roles and identities that affect women in educational settings was so compellingly presented in these pieces that we committed an issue specific to this topic. We hope you find the arguments made in this issue useful in your own lives and organizations, and that you take from them cautions and strategies for creating institutional change in support of women in all walks of postsecondary education. Jennifer Fellabaum launches the issue by providing a conceptualization of gender performance in higher education that is threaded through several of the other articles in this issue. She argues that higher education as a system reinforces societal standards of acceptable behavior based on gender, thereby making compulsory certain behaviors and thus regulating "performances" of these within the academy. Jaime Lester examines the idea of gender norms and the regulatory powers that perpetuate these norms as experienced by women faculty. Gender performance provides the theoretical lens through which Margaret Sallee focuses on the socialization process for doctoral students in different disciplines. Her work extends to more traditional models of student socialization at this level to include gender influences that affect how women progress in doctoral study. Jeni Hart's piece on transgender students rounds out the first part of our special issue by taking a look at how new definitions of gender can help us provide better support for this group of students often marginalized on our college campuses, even at a women's college—the site of her study. She employs performativity theory as a way of bringing together contextual and cultural definitions of gender, and she critically examines students' strategies for negotiating those definitions. The first four pieces in this special issue provide theoretical constructs for examining gender performance across the lived experiences of women on our campuses. Each article provides recommendations for policy and practice, but the purpose was not always to examine policy at the onset. The final research article in this collection, by Kristen Wilson and Elizabeth


Forty years from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century in Europe is now being called an "Era of rebellion against positivism". The current of thoughts in social sciences at that time was dominated by pessimism, which rejected the historical view of the progress of civilization. While people looked with their sceptical eyes at an "instrumental reason" which had long been leading to the positivistic empirical sciences in the 19th century. They were, on the other hand, very interested in the problems of human consciousness and the symbolic world.In this paper we will undertake an estimate of Alfred Schutz's theory of the constitutional phenomenology of natural attitude in its relation to the intellectual current of his days, so that we can understand correctly the meanings of Schutz's theory and its significance. We can see the basic point of his profound studies on "self-understanding" and "understanding of others". It is characteristic of Schutz's theory that its method is "reflexive" and its perspective "ego-logical". Therefore, it demonstrates a striking contrast with the positivistic empirical social sciences, of which the method is "inductive", the perspective being "cosmological".I conclude as follows ;(1) The construction of reality in terms of the constitutional phenomenology of natural attitude is not the same as the analysis of reality in terms of the standard positivistic social sciences.(2) The contribution of Schutz's study is to give us useful knowledge about the structure of society, which presents itself like a "thingness", and about the characteristics of the scientific concept formation.


Abstract Colonization of a relatively undisturbed 1915 debris flow by an upper montane coniferous forest was examined in Lassen Volcanic National Park in northern California in 1987. Seventy 100-m2 circular plots were arranged in four transects across the flow and sampled to measure tree densities, heights, basal areas and ages. The composition of the forest changed from a mixture of Abies magnifica, Pinus monticola and P. contorta on steep slopes to a forest dominated by P. contorta on shallow slopes. This pattern is typical for these terrains at the 2000-m elevations of the flow. Age data and historical photographs indicated little successful colonization before the late 1930s and peak colonization rates about 1955. Height growth has generally been slow with most trees being >20-y-old but <2-m tall; however, some individuals, including some recent colonizers, have shown rapid growth. This variation among individuals suggests (1) that the earliest colonizers are not necessarily those which will eventually dominate the forest and (2) that opportunities to invade and occupy the canopy may extend for 30 y after the first successful colonization.


© 2 0 1 9 . T h i e m e . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . G e o r g T h i e m e V e r l a g K G , R ü d i g e r s t r a ß e 1 4 , 7 0 4 6 9 S t u t t g a r t , G e r m a n y Q . Z H A N G , H . Y U , L . S H E N , T . T A N G , D . D O N G , W . C H A I , W . Z I * ( N A N K A I U N I V E R S I T Y , T I A N J I N , P . R . O F C H I N A ) Stereodivergent Coupling of 1,3-Dienes with Aldimine Esters Enabled by Synergistic Pd and Cu Catalysis J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 14554–14559.


We propose a method for the detection of possible landslide regions from single post-event satellite or aerial images, based on color and texture analysis. When presented as a landslide inventory map, the detected landslides will be useful for evaluating susceptibility maps accuracy, or even for use as one of the causative factors for the map itself. The proposed method demonstrated very promising performance, with 100% precision and recall in detecting potential landslides. The method also recorded 94.29% true negative rate when filtering out non-landslide regions, thus providing a strong platform for the detection of actual landslide regions after the incorporation of geometrical and landslide-specific features in the future.


The design of fuel tanks for high-speed vehicles can be quite a complex task. There are many aspects of the tank to consider and there are numerous physical factors that need to be considered when designing an effective fuel tank. There are a number of examples of high-speed vehicles that warrant special consideration. Take a high-speed rocket that travels through the air and possibly into a zero gravity atmosphere. The spinning of the rocket and the zero gravity can severely effect the shape of the free surface of fuel. In this case, we can ask the question, how can we accurately gauge how much fuel is left in our tank? We cannot use a traditional sensor used in a regular automobile gas tank because the free surface is not a flat, uniform shape, so we must look at alternate ways to measure the remaining fuel in the tank without assuming a convenient free surface. Also, consider a high-speed boat or drag racer. At high speeds, the sloshing that can occur in the tank can drastically affect center of gravity of the vehicle and, depending on the size of the fuel tank and severity of the sloshing, can negatively affect a control system. The forces that act on the


Although vision transformers (ViTs) have achieved great success in computer vision, the heavy computational cost hampers their applications to dense prediction tasks such as semantic segmentation on mobile devices. In this paper, we present a mobile-friendly architecture named Token Pyramid Vision Transformer (TopFormer). The proposed TopFormer takes Tokens from various scales as input to produce scale-aware semantic features, which are then in-Jected into the corresponding tokens to augment the representation. Experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms CNN- and ViT-based networks across several semantic segmentation datasets and achieves a good trade-off between accuracy and latency. On the ADE20K dataset, TopFormer achieves 5% higher accuracy in mIoU than MobileNetV3 with lower latency on an ARM-based mobile device. Furthermore, the tiny version of TopFormer achieves real-time inference on an ARM-based mobile device with competitive results. The code and models are available at: https://github.com/hustvl/TopFormer.


The CAIO-Method is based on FEM and copies biological fibre orientation in order to minimise shear stresses within orthotropic or multi-layer composite material structures. Tests on specimen of fibre reinforced material showed that structures with optimised materials directions bear higher loads than uniaxial ones. It was evident, that the mechanism of failure changes from shear-failure of the uniaxial to exceeding of the ultimate tensile strength of the optimised specimen. Within the latest version of CAIO it is also possible to calculate fibre orientations in three dimensional volumeand shell elements.


Abstract : The urinary bladder epithelium of four dogs with natural infections of canine distemper was ob served with the electron microscope. Numerous abnormal formations were observed including a finely stippled body and a virus containing in clusion. The viral elementary bodies found in this inclusion were measured and found to range in size from 900 to 1200 Angstroms in closely packed inclusions and 1100 to 1400 Angstroms in degenerating inclusions.


The doctrine of sovereign immunity dictates that courts lack jurisdiction to review cases challenging official action unless Congress has expressly consented to suit. But in the absence of a statutory waiver of sovereign immunity, courts use "nonstatutory review" to justify the exercise of jurisdiction in suits against federal officers seeking to enjoin ultra vires conduct. This article explores the apparent inconsistency between the Supreme Court's unequivocal statements that the United States can only be sued with its consent and the federal judiciary's willingness to adjudicate suits challenging official action in the absence of a waiver of sovereign immunity. The article concludes that, as the federal courts have narrowed the availability of nonstatutory review and of implied rights of action and remedies, sovereign immunity has become superfluous. The article explores that doctrinal redundancy and suggests that these alternative grounds for decision are preferable to sovereign immunity, because they are more closely tied to the text of Article III and to maintaining the balance of power among the branches of the federal government. Thus, the author advocates allowing federal sovereign immunity to wither away.


Niobium is used to fabricate superconducting radio frequency accelerator modules because of its high critical temperature, high critical magnetic field, and easy formability. Recent experiments have shown a very significant improvement in performance (over 100%) after a high‐temperature bake at 1400 °C for 3 h. SIMS analysis of this material showed the oxygen profile was significantly deeper than the native oxide with a shape that is indicative of diffusion. Positive secondary ion mass spectra showed the presence of Ti with a depth profile similar to that of O. It is suspected that Ti is associated with the performance improvement. The source of Ti contamination in the anneal furnace has been identified, and a new furnace was constructed without Ti. Initial results from the new furnace do not show the yield improvement. Further analyses should determine the relationship of Ti to cavity performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The molecule of the title compound, C12H15ClF3N3O3S, is twisted, as indicated by the C—S—C—C torsion angle of 66.00 (18)° for the atoms linking the ring systems. An intramolecular C—H⋯F short contact occurs. In the crystal, non-classical C—H⋯O interactions, one of which has a short H⋯O contact of 2.28 Å, link the molecules.