Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with cisplatin is increasingly used for the treatment of ovarian and peritoneal cancer. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after cisplatin containing HIPEC therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and severity of AKI and renal survival after HIPEC compared to repeated cycles of conventional high-dose intraperitoneal cisplatin in patients with ovarian and malignant peritoneal cancer.

 We conducted a retrospective study that included patients with ovarian cancer that received repeated cycles of high-dose intraperitoneal cisplatin and patients with ovarian and primary malignant peritoneal cancer that received HIPEC with cisplatin in our center between August 2006 and September 2022. Demographic and perioperative data were compared between both groups. We compared the incidence of AKI defined as a rise in serum creatinine by ≥ 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours (KDIGO criteria), the severity of AKI defined as stages I, II and III using the KDIGO staging, the rate of kidney function recovery and need for renal replacement therapy in both groups. We performed logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for experiencing AKI and conducted survival analyses and multivariate Cox regression analyses to detect independent risk factors for patient survival.

 The study included 39 patients; 20 received 76 cycles of conventional intraperitoneal cisplatin, and 19 patients (13 with ovarian cancer and 6 with primary peritoneal cancer) received HIPEC. Patients who received HIPEC were older (63.4±20 years vs 56±8 years, p = 0.002) and received a lower dose of cisplatin both in absolute values (109.2±41.1 mg vs 159.2±15.2 mg, p<0.001) and adjusted by body surface area (63.4±19.9 mg/m2 vs 96.8±9.2 mg/m2, p<0.001). AKI was significantly more frequent in patients receiving HIPEC (42.1% vs 15.8%, p = 0.012), and was more severe after HIPEC with AKIN-I, AKIN-II and AKIN-III in 50% vs 83%, 12.5% vs 16.7% and 37.5% vs 0% respectively, p = 0.042. Recovery from AKI was more frequent in patients receiving conventional intraperitoneal cisplatin (100% vs 50%, p = 0.014) and 1 patient in the HIPEC group progressed to end stage kidney disease. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age, baseline serum creatinine and cisplatin dose, treatment with HIPEC compared to conventional high-dose intraperitoneal cisplatin remained a significant risk factor for developing AKI (OR 1550, CI 95% 19-128070).

 Cisplatin-based HIPEC therapy is associated with an increased risk of severe AKI compared to conventional high-dose intraperitoneal cisplatin regimens, despite the use of prophylactic measures. Hyperthermic perfusion of the abdomen might be an important contributing factor in HIPEC-induced renal injury. To reduce the incidence of AKI and its associated morbidity after HIPEC, early implementation of preventive measures with adequate fluid management and closer monitoring of hemodynamic parameters and kidney function tests should be taken into consideration.


Background Studies have shown aldosterone could induce cardiac fibrosis and upregulate protein expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) only in serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase (SGK)+/+ but not in SGK-/-mice,indicating that SGK1 plays a decisive role in aldosterone-induced cardiac fibrosis. It remains elusive whether spironolactone and irbesartan can inhibit the expression of SGK1. Objective To investigate the effects of spironolactone and irbesartan on the myocardial fibrosis and its mechanisms. Methods Thirty-two hypertensive Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats induced by two kidney,one -clip (2K1C) method were randomized to receive following approaches: placebo group (n=8),spironolactone group[Spi,20 mg/(kg·d),n=8],irbesartan group [Irb,50 mg/(kg·d),n=8] and combination group [Com,Spi 20 mg/(kg·d)+Irb 50 mg/(kg·d),n=8]. Age matched SD underwent sham operation (n=8) as control. Eight weeks after operation,the hydroxyproline content of left ventricle myocardium,perivascular collagen area/luminal area ratio(PVCA/LA),collagen volume fraction(CVF) were measured. Plasma and myocardial aldosterone were detected by radioimmunoassay,and expressions of SGK1,CTGF were measured by Western blot. Results The arterial pressure,the hydroxyproline content of myocardium,PVCA/LA,CVF and the expressions of SGK1,CTGF were increased in rats of RHR. After 8 weeks' treatment,spironolactone didn't decrease SBP,but irbesartan and combination treatment markedly decreased SBP(P0.01). Besides the hydroxyproline content of myocardium,decreases in PVCA/LA,CVF and the expressions of SGK1,CTGF were shown by all treatments. However,the effect by combinedtreatment was much better than that of monotherapy (P0.01 or P0.05). Combination treatment furthermore decreased the levels of aldosterone in plasma and myocardium. Conclusion The combined treatment of spironolactone and irbesartan was better than the monotherapy in attenuating myocardial fibrosis,which was associated with decreases in SGK1 and CTGF expression.


The demand for fresh fish has been increased during these years. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influences of different pre-cooling methods: slurry ice, CBC (combined blast and contact freezing) and usage of cooling mats on quality for fresh cod fillets during further storage at -1.5 ± 0.5°C. Analysis of variance (Anova) was carried out on QDA data in the statistical program NCSS 2000 (NCSS, Utah, USA). PCA (principal component analysis) was performed both for QDA and comparison of measurements in the program Uncrambler (Version 9.5, CAMO Trondheim, Norway). During the early storage period all of the three different cooling methods slowed down the rate of formation of TVN and TMA spoilage compared to the group without any cooling method applied. The three pre-cooling methods had similar effects on prohibition of growth of bacteria if hygienic handling with slurry ice was performed. The treatment with slurry ice and further chilled storage had an effect on prolonging the process from neutral quality to spoilage with regard to sensory results. According to QDA scores, groups A, B and C had passed their shelf life on storage day 17, but group D on storage day 14.


Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) carry out business innovations because this is one of the effective ways to improve and maintain competitiveness. Currently, MSMEs built by the Indonesian people are the largest economic source for the Indonesian people. As an agrarian country, agriculture-based business is one that is mostly done by entrepreneurs in Indonesia. This study aims to determine how the influence of raw materials, business capital and labor on the performance of Islamic agro-business by mediating Islamic business innovation. The research method uses a quantitative approach with primary data obtained from distributing online questionnaires to entrepreneurs based on agro-business alumni of Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. The data collection technique used purposive sampling and the data analysis technique used Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of the research based on the direct influence test explain that labor has an effect on Islamic business innovation, labor has an effect on Islamic agribusiness performance and Islamic business innovation has an effect on Islamic agribusiness performance. Apart from that, based on the indirect effect test, it is explained that labor has an effect on the performance of Islamic agribusiness by mediating Islamic business innovation.


In this paper, the authors explore the properties of different spacecraft architectures from the standpoint of system complexity. For this study, three architectures (monolithic, fractionated and modular) are chosen. A hypothetical mission is considered and spacecraft are designed using the three architectures and analyzed with regard to their system and design complexity. We represent each design as a network of component and interactions and measure the complexity of each design using network theory metrics, which show correlation with different aspects of system complexity. In conclusion, we discuss how the design features inherent in the architectures contribute to the system and design complexity.


Abstract : Conventional news television media is increasingly facing a hard challenges. The use of new media such as YouTube, Facebook, Instagram are increasingly popular in the society. A number of studies in the world have shown that the use of new media continues to take on the role and function of conventional media. People are encouraged to make their own news and then broadcast it on their social media accounts. This condition makes news no longer monopolized by news television. Facing this condition, news television must improve and adapt to convergence. This study aims to find out how tvOne as one of the conventional news television faces new digital media attacks. What are the steps that tvOne has done in adapting and converging? Based on qualitative research through observation on tvOne for 5 months, supported by indepth interviews with several key informants from supervisor level to editor in chief, the results descriptively showed that tvOne as the news television has been converging since 2011. Convergence occurs in two stages, that was convergence through hardware communication technology and convergence through new media. New media convergence drives tvOne to create new content specifically for new media platforms with a new target audience that is not a terrestrial audience. The results of this study portrays that tvOne terrestrial content can be distributed into a new media platforms, but not on contrary.


In this paper,Chromeplated 20~# steel was exposured to marine environment in our country. Aaccording to the testing result,the corrosion rate and the corrosion mechanism of them were analyzed.


This report summarizes the presentations and discussions in the Working Group "Electron Sources" during the ICFA Advanced Accelerator Workshop on "The Physics and Applications of High-Brightness Electron Beams", held at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Center for Scientific Culture, Erice, October 9-14, 2005. Latest developments towards a better understanding of high-brightness photo injectors physics and technology are reported.


An increase in the numbers of spread macrophages caused by macrophage stimulants was found to be a very sensitive measure for macrophage activation. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lymphokines were found to activate macrophages dose‐dependently as measured by this parameter. Macrophage activation by MDP was strictly dependent on its adjuvant‐active stereochemically specific structures. Macrophage activation by MDP and LPS occurred without lymphocyte participation. It is suggested that LPS also activates macrophages via lymphocytes.


In this work, a conceptual software model of optimisation problems is developed. Problem-specific aspects are clearly identified as such. To achieve the desired separation between problems and solvers, the details of the problem are encapsulated, and \emph{mechanisms} capable of supporting the optimisation process are provided in a problem-independent way, allowing optimisers to be formulated at a more abstract level. The proposed model has been prototyped in Python.


The paper demonstrates the sociological research findings concerning the students' ideas of creativity based on the questionnaires and testing of the students of the natural science, humanities and technical profiles at Siberian Federal University over the period of 2007-2011. The author suggests a new method of semantic association analysis in order to identify the latent groups of notions related to the concept of creativity. The range of students' common opinions demonstrate the obvious trend for humanizing the idea of creativity, considering  it as the perfect mode of human existence, which coincide with the ideas of K. Rogers, A. Maslow and other scholars. Today's students associate creativity primarily with pleasure, self-development, self-expression, inspiration, improvisation, spontaneity; and the resulting semantic complex incorporates such characteristics of creative work as goodness, abundance of energy, integrity, health, freedom and independence, self-development and spirituality. The obtained data prove the importance of the inspiration experience in creative pedagogy; the research outcomes along with the continuing monitoring of students attitude to creativity development can optimize the learning process. The author emphasizes the necessity of introducing some special courses, based on the integral approach (including social, philosophical, psychological, psycho-social and technical aspects), and aimed at developing students' creative competence.


Since the proposal of a spin-glass phase by Edward and Anderson (EA), 11 the random competing spin system has been the subject of considerable attension for both theoretists and experimentalists. It seems, however, that the cooperative nature of the spin glass (SG) transition has not yet been confirmed. Recently, Miyako et al. 21 have observed divergent behavior of the nonlinear susceptibilities Xn = limn~o (1/ (n+ 1) !) (()n+ 1m/f)hn+ 1), (n~ 1), which they interpret as an evidence of the cooperativeSG transition. Theoretically, the divergence of X2 at the SG transition point was predicted first by Katsura 31 and phenomenologically by Suzuki." Several theoretical investigators51 •61 have also pointed out the divergence in X2 , but not in X0 • Suzuki41 showed that the instability of the EA order parameter yields the divergence not in Xo but in X2The purpose of this paper is to show systematic analysis of the nonlinear susceptibilities (NS) Xn (n = 1, 2) for the exact solvable spin glass models, i.e., the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model 71 and the spherical (SP) model of Kosteritz et al. 81 It is shown that X2 diverges proportionally to ITTsal1 in negative sign at the p.....,sc transition, but that X2 positively diverges in the F---'?P(F->SG), while X2 in the Pphase (SG-phase) is always negative. This change of sign at the transition point has not been observed in quite recent experiments by Miyako et aP1 (I) The SK model Ising spins are coupled by infinite-ranged, random interactions independently distributed with a Gaussian probability density


This chapter discusses Faulkner's turn to short fiction around 1930 as evidence of his reckoning with the broad market pressures that would leave a powerful imprint on his entire literary career.Reading "Thrift" (1930), one of Faulkner's earliest stories to be published in a national magazine, as a complex meditation on the penetration of economic concerns into every corner of human existence, and considering the story's placement amid Faulkner's most creative years of work (during the early years of the Great Depression), the chapter seeks to demonstrate that a greater attention on the financial motives and constraints in Faulkner's life and work will illuminate many of these texts, and the economic and social histories in which they were produced, in complex ways.


Much of the regulation of lymphocyte differentiation is unknown. This, in part, has been due to the inability to develop reliable in vitro assays or long-term cultures of lymphocytes. Consequently, many of the current hypotheses concerning the pathways and regulation of lymphocyte differentiation were obtained from complex in vivo experiments. During recent years, however, new techniques and concepts have evolved which may ultimately allow a critical in vitro dissection of the events in lymphocyte differentiation. The concept that lymphokines, as identifiable and purifiable proteins, mediate reactions that were once attributed to complex cell interactions provides a much more amenable approach for ultimate resolution of the basic biology involved. The observation that certain lymphokines have the capability of supporting the proliferation and growth of specific lymphocytes in vitro as an integral component of their physiological functions provides the unique opportunity to isolate specific intermediates in lymphocyte differentiation. The extent to which these approaches will be capable of unraveling the relationship of various lymphocyte subpopulations is unknown, although the available evidence suggests that the principles thus far established may be central to the regulation of immune responses and consequently may be broadly applicable. In this review, the biology and biochemistry of interleukin-3 (IL-3) are discussed. Many of the properties of lL-3 are similar to lL-2 in that they promote differentiation and are required for growth by various lymphocyte lines. However, unlike lL-2, lL-3 appears to primarily influence a stage or stages of immature lymphocyte differentiation and, therefore, provides the means to dissect in vitro a completely unique aspect of lymphocyte differentiation.


The morphologic characteristics of brain in humans appear to be sensitive to the effects of both age and sex, and data suggest that these 2 variables may interact over the life span to influence brain size. These morphometrical data can provide a useful context to interpret changes in regional brain structure associated with aging. The corpus callosum is the largest commissure of the brain. It is seen as thick, curved white band on medial surface of sagittaly bisected brain. It is 10 cm long and consist of the rostrum, genu, trunk and splenium. The present study was carried out on 120 females, between the age group of 20-85 years who visited the OPD of Department of radio-diagnosis of SVBP Hospital and NMC Sky Imaging Centre, LLRM Medical College, Meerut. They were studied for various parameters of corpus callosum in mid-sagittal plane by Magnetic Resonance Imaging .Different parts of corpus callosum were compared in adult and senile age groups. Progressive chronological decrease was found with age especially in the region of genu and rostrum, also the maximum width of corpus callosum significantly decreased with increasing age.


The pivotal role of top management teams (TMTs) in crafting strategies, enabling innovation, and improving firm performance has been widely noted (Buyl et al., 2011; Hambrick and Mason, 1984; Mihalache et al., 2012, 2014). Within the strategic management field, TMT studies have sought to better understand the relationship between TMT characteristics and performance by examining the influence of team size (Haleblian and Finkelstein, 1993), education and work experience (Carpenter, 2002), social networks (Collins and Clark, 2003), gender representation (Dezso and Ross, 2012), and numerous other characteristics of the executive team. More recently, research has highlighted the benefits of functional experiences among TMT members citing that the broad array of experience housed within the TMT has positive implications for firm performance (Menz, 2012). However, even though TMT members may have unique characteristics and diverse experience, how are such characteristics and knowledge transformed into profit-yielding outcomes? To address this issue, leadership within the TMT is examined and associated influences on firm capabilities and outcomes are investigated. Although CEO leadership behaviors are shown to influence firm performance (Wang et al., 2011), the CEO is not necessarily the only top executive with influential leadership responsibilities. Based on the dominant coalition perspective (Cyert and March, 1963), strategic decision-making in organizations has been recognized to be a shared effort involving the collective cognitions and capabilities of the entire executive team (Hambrick, 2007). In TMTs, multiple members of the executive team are likely to share leadership roles creating a distribution of leadership responsibilities, or shared leadership, among the management team (Pearce and Conger, 2003; Pearce and Sims, 2002). Carson et al. (2007) find that shared leadership is related to performance, yet how shared leadership influences firm performance remains to be explicated. To understand how firm performance is influenced by the TMT, a capability-based perspective is employed to suggest that the distributed leadership configuration of TMT members enables the firm to develop necessary capabilities, and through such capabilities, firm performance is altered. Specifically, the existing literature (e.g., Carmeli et al., 2011; Carpenter, 2002; Collins and Clark, 2003; Wong et al., 2011) is extended to suggest that when a TMT shares leadership responsibilities, the firm is better able to acquire, assimilate, transform, and exploit new knowledge, a process-oriented capability known as the absorptive capacity of the firm (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990; Zahra and George, 2002). Yukl (2009) suggests that shared leadership and similar leadership theories have the potential to provide valuable insights on how the distributed influence of multiple leaders affects firm-level factors. Therefore, the suggestions propagated by researchers, such as Yukl (2009) and Carson et al. (2007), are directly addressed, and the influence of TMT shared leadership on absorptive capacity and firm performance is investigated. To this end, the mediating role of absorptive capacity on the relationship between TMT shared leadership and performance is examined using a sample of 129 firms in the software industry, and results suggest that absorptive capacity fully mediates the relationship. Further hypothesis testing suggests that TMT shared leadership positively relates to three underlying capabilities of absorptive capacity (i.e., acquisition, assimilation, and transformation) but not the exploitation capability. In all, this study contributes to the current TMT literature by empirically demonstrating that TMT shared leadership is related to performance via its relationship with the absorptive capacity of the firm. LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES Shared Leadership Upper echelons theory describes how the TMT influences the strategic positioning of the firm (Hambrick and Mason, 1984), suggesting that members of the TMT make strategic decisions that reflect their cognitive biases, values, and perceptions. …


Contents: An Approach to Interart Investigation - The Modern Age and the Arts - Woolf's Visuality and Spatiality - To the Lighthouse, The Waves, Between the Acts: An Analysis - The Remedial Implications of Spatial Form.


A total of six clinical cases of cats, presented for major surgical procedures at Bombay Veterinary College were utilized for this study. Following the standardization of induction dose and maintenance dose, a clear solution of propofol was administered intravenously at the rate of 10 mg/kg body weight over the period of 60 – 70 seconds in each cat. Longer duration of surgical anaesthesia was maintained by continuous infusion rate of propofol solution at the dose rate of 0.25 mg/kg/min in all the cats. Onset of anaesthesia, duration of anaesthesia, and recovery were assessed for each cat. The physiological parameters before induction, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes during maintenance of anaesthesia & following complete recovery were recorded for each cat. The onset of anaesthesia, duration of anaesthesia and complete recovery recorded were 23.5 ± 1.6 seconds, 48.33 ± 4.5 minutes and 83.33 ± 12.37 minutes respectively. A significant decrease in body temperature and respiratory depression was observed during the anaesthesia where as a significant increase in heart rate and pulse rate were recorded during the anaesthesia. However, all the values were in normal physiological limits.


Neuroblastoma like most primitive neoplasm, primarily affects children under five years. It is uncommon in adolescents and adults. We present a 13-year-old male adolescent with a three-month history of bilateral painful progressive proptosis associated with gradual loss of vision. A contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography scan of the chest and abdomen showed an unusually symmetrical bilateral paravertebral soft tissue masses extending from the cervical to the lumbosacral spines, seamlessly merging with the psoas muscle. A tissue biopsy from the orbital mass reported neuroblastoma. He improved significantly three months following chemotherapy and has been stable during follow up. This case report seeks to demonstrate the many variations in the clinico-radiologic presentation of neuroblastoma and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to patient care, especially in resource-poor setting to ensure good outcome. -


Deflection switched reluctance motors (DSRM) are prone to chattering at low speeds, which always affects the output efficiency of the DSRM and the mechanical loss of the motor. Combining the characteristics of a traditional reluctance motor with the strong nonlinear and high coupling of the DSRM, a control system for a DSRM based on a flexible neural network (FNN) is proposed in this paper. Based on the better robustness and fault tolerance of fuzzy PI control, the given speed signal is adjusted and converted into a torque control signal. As a result, the FNN control module possesses the strong self-learning ability and adaptive adjustment ability necessary to obtain the control voltage signal. Through simulations and experiments, it was verified that the control system can run stably on DSRM and shows good dynamic performance and anti-interference ability.


In October 1934 William Faulkner's friend and advocate Phil Stone wrote about the "social upheaval that is the dominant theme of Faulkner's saga of the Snopes family ... which work, if ever completed, may become his greatest book and possibly the grandest book of humor America has ever seen." (1) It's difficult to know how much Stone really knew at this point about Faulkner's work in progress--Stone was not then the confidant he had once been--but the word "saga," combined with Stone's worry that Faulkner's "greatest" work would never be completed, implies praise in advance for more than one tale about the Snopes tribe. By 1938, when he was "halfway through" The Peasants (later re-titled The Hamlet), Faulkner had confidently plotted for his publisher the course of a chronicle "in three books" but he was still unsure that they would be printed in separate volumes. (2) Fifteen years later, the second volume had only begun to take shape, and Faulkner's feeling about it did not match Stone's early confidence. "I still feel," he wrote to Jean Stein, "... that perhaps I have written myself out and all that remains now is the empty craftsmanship...." (3) To most modern critics, Stone's lavish praise of the whole Snopes saga appears to have been premature, while Faulkner's later fears seem somewhat justified. Donald Kartiganer, for example, who believes that The Hamlet is "in some ways the best of all ... the widest ranging, the funniest, the most varied in tone" of Faulkner's works, admits with evident regret that in The Town and The Mansion Faulkner becomes "too dependent on the mythic mode he used in The Hamlet." (4) An even stronger, more typical complaint, by Arthur Kinney, is that the narrative strategies in the two latter volumes become "laboriously manufactured," showing off "a textbook sophistication in technical matters, which is quite superior to that of The Hamlet," yet "it does them little good." (5) It would appear from these and similar criticisms that many readers who would agree with Stone that "social and political upheaval" is the "dominant theme" of the Snopes trilogy do not applaud the techniques by which that theme is developed over the course of three volumes. But I would like to suggest that theme and technique cannot be severed in these works, any more than in Faulkner's earlier experimental novels. Therefore, I want temporarily to sweep aside prevailing critical opinion about the last two Snopes novels so as to discover an aesthetic, even moral rationale for Faulkner's final, most polyphonic narrative chorus. It is important, first of all, to state precisely how the Snopes novels differ in form from Faulkner's more highly praised choral narrations. In The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying, the discourse of named narrators is often indistinguishable from what we assume to be the authorial voice. (6) Benjy's tale is told for him by Faulkner's persona; Darl's monologues are spoken or written in what had been called "Faulknerese." In a different but comparable way, Absalom, Absalom! permits the synthesis of Quentin and Shreve's voices with that of the omniscient author who has remained present throughout the novel. In the Snopes trilogy, on the other hand, Faulkner's narrators become increasingly aware of the need to collaborate in order to produce, collectively and not always in the author's presence, the text that we read. This collaboration, from which the novelist's persona is evidently excluded (in The Town) and then unpredictably included (in The Mansion) may leave the reader who is accustomed to meeting the demands made by the earlier multi-vocal novels disappointingly little to do. It's difficult, or perhaps pointless, to mediate among narrators always in the process of reaching their own consensus--even when that consensus is not necessarily trustworthy. This may explain why The Hamlet yields more immediate satisfaction than its sequels: as long as the omniscient author remains present, the reader can comfortably yet with a sense of challenge measure the fluctuating distance between the authorial consciousness and the minds of the narrators. …


A millimeter-wave imaging system has been developed operating at a center frequency of 94 GHz. The system has a single stationary mounted transmit and receive lensed horn antenna and two moving mirrors in x and y. The beam is generated by a FMCW-radar module. The final beam aperture is an off-set parabolic mirror which focuses the beam to a small spot at 2 m distance. Key component of the FMCW radar module is a MMIC, which includes a VCO, a MPA/HPA, two Lange-couplers, an LNA , a Wilkenson splitter, and an I/Q-mixer. This MMIC is fabricated using IAF's 100 nm metamorphic HEMT process.


Mobile ad hoc networking (MANET) has been most popular research area for last decade. In MANET node (mobile node) is communicate with each other over wireless link where all nodes behave like both as host and router. In comparison with wired networks, mobile network is more vulnerable to security threat because of no centralized administration. One of the momentous routing protocols used in MANET is AODV (Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector) protocol. The Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol is compromised with its security by a various types of attacks due to malicious nodes present in the network. A hybrid approach is given for intrusion detection by removing malicious nodes during the route discovery process. The proposed approach increases the network performance in terms of PDR, throughput and end to end delay and security also.


Microstructure and mechanical properties of HR3C steel weld joints aged at high temperature were studied by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope observation and mechanical property test.The results show that the tensile strength and hardness of the HR3C steel weld joints aged are enhanced,however the Charpy impact absorbed erergy decrease rapidly and keeps about 15 J aged for 7000 h.Continuous distribution of net-like M23C6 and existence of σ phase and G phase along grain boundary result in the aging embrittlement of weld metal,and dispersion strengthening of fine Z phase precipitating in austenitic matrix increase the hardness and strength.


Rhetoric is a kind of the ancient knowledge in western history,and most important part of western cultural tradition.Whenever we talk about western rhetoric,we always like to compare it with the Chinese rhetoric.In fact,we would bring nothing but mistiness and confusion through any comparison unless we apprehend the particularities of western rhetoric.To truly apprehend the western rhetoric,we should get hold of the relation between rhetoric and politics,and appreciate the political particularity of western rhetoric.In this article,the author sorts out the complex relation of sociopolitical condition and the classical rhetoric in western cultural history of ancient Greek and Roman,and takes the political particularity as the essential of western classical rhetoric.


Magnetic susceptibility is one of the most remarkable indices in researches on Quaternary environment.920 samples were collected from JL red earth section,Lushan area,Jiangxi province,and susceptibility was measured on all these samples.The results indicate that:(1) The magnetic susceptibility of weak plinthitic red earth and loess-paleosol is rather higher than typical plinthitic red earth,loess-paleosol is 2.88 times the value of plinthitic red earth.The average values of frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility in different layers varies from 10.09% to 13.71%.Notable positive correlation exists between magnetic susceptibility and frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility,which shows that superparamagnetic grains formed in pedogenesis contribute significantly to the enhancement of magnetic susceptibility.(2) Pedogenic ferromagnetic minerals are prone to dissolve,transform and leach in pesudogleyization environment caused by damp and soil waterlogging,which results in the abnormality of magnetic susceptibility from plinthitic red earth,so compared with CIA,the variety of magnetic susceptibility along the section displays a reverse trend,but the fluctuation of high and low values is relatively coincident.(3) Based on ESR chronology,generally speaking,the magnetic susceptibility of JL red earth increases by four phases from bottom to top,which reflects the evolution of East Asian monsoon and large-scale paleoenvironmental changes from the early Pleistocene to the late Mid-Pleistocene in Lushan area.The degree of wetness had weakened in fluctuation since early Pleistocene and the climate in Lushan area had transferred from humid-hot to dry-cold since Mid-Pleistocene.


Previously we showed that pigs reared in an enriched environment had higher baseline salivary cortisol concentrations during the light period than pigs reared under barren conditions. In the present experiment it was investigated whether these higher baseline salivary cortisol concentrations were a real difference in cortisol concentration or merely represented a phase difference in circadian rhythm. The effects of different cortisol concentrations on the behavioural responses to novelty and learning and long-term memory in a maze test were also studied in enriched and barren housed pigs. At 9 weeks of age enriched and barren housed pigs did not differ in baseline salivary cortisol concentrations nor in circadian rhythm, but at 22 weeks of age barren housed pigs had a blunted circadian rhythm in salivary cortisol as compared to enriched housed pigs. The differences in baseline salivary cortisol concentrations between enriched and barren housed pigs are age-dependent and become visible after 15 weeks of age. Enriched and barren housed piglets did not differ in time spent on exploration in the novel environment test. Barren housed pigs had an impaired long-term memory in the maze test as compared to enriched housed pigs, however, no differences in learning abilities between enriched and barren housed pigs were found. Because blunted circadian cortisol rhythms are often recorded during states of chronic stress in pigs and rats or during depression in humans, it is suggested that the blunted circadian rhythm in cortisol in barren housed pigs similarily may reflect decreased welfare.


Inducing cross-reactive broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) responses to HIV through vaccination remains an insurmountable challenge. T follicular helper cells (T FH ) are fundamental for the development of antigen-specific antibody responses and therefore critical for anti-HIV vaccine design. Here we review recent studies supporting an intricate involvement of T FH in HIV pathogenesis and bNAb development in HIV infection. We also examine emerging data suggesting that T FH responses may be traceable in peripheral blood, and discuss the implications of these findings in the context of vaccine design and future research in T FH immunobiology. T FH cells instruct GC B cells to phosphorylate and express Activation-induced Deaminase (AID) that mediates SHM, CSR, memory cell and long-lived plasma cell formation.


Let p be a prime number, G be a finite p-group and K be a field of p elements. Let I is the augmentation ideal of the modular group algebra KG. Then the normalised unit group V (KG) consists of all elements of the type 1 + x, where x ∈ I. We consider the following algorithmic questions: 1. Decide whether for p-groups G and H their group algebras KG and KH are isomorphic; 2. Find all subgroups B of V (KG), such that B is isomorphic to the given finite p-group H; 3. Find all subgroups B of V (KG), such that B is isomorphic to the given finite p-group H and elements of B are linearly independent in KG (in case G = H — find all group bases B of KG, such that B is isomorphic to G). We present an algorithm to solve this problems, constructing the required embedding of the given group into the group algebra or deciding that this is impossible. It was implemented with the help of computer algebra system GAP [4] using the package LAGUNA [1] which extends GAP functionality for calculations in group rings and allows construction and efficient calculations in the normalised unit group. The algorithm will be included into the next release of LAGUNA. Note that the first problem could be also using the program SISYPHOS [5], which was only partially compatible with the GAP system and does not use calculations in the unit group. We provided another algorithm, fully compatible with the GAP system. We used SISYPHOS output for double-checking results while testing the program. As an example of this algorithm usage, we investigated the question by Shalev, asking whether V (KG) possesses a section isomorphic to the wreath product of a cyclic group of order p and the derived subgroup of G [3]. Shalev proved that this is true for the case of odd p and a cyclic derived subgroup of G. In [2] the positive answer was given for 2-groups of maximal class, constructing the required wreath product as a section. It is an interesting question, whether such wreath product could be constructed in V (KG) as a subgroup. Using our algorithm, we did not discovered such examples among 2-groups of maximal class.


It has been shown in earlier work that long memory can be detected in multidecadal time series of daily surface air temperature measured at individual weather stations. Here, we present a multivariate stochastic model capable of capturing both the long memory at each station, and the lagged cross-correlations between the stations. It is shown that this model can be useful for the management of portfolios of weather derivatives.


Internet's pervasiveness and the large availability of multimedia devices with networking
capability have contributed to the global diffusion of cyber threats and cybercrimes,
causing serious challenges from the digital forensic perspective. As a consequence, the
potential amount of data which requires analysis is increasing, causing an urgent need
for new forensic techniques and tools. Those currently in use, indeed, being more
focused on full device extraction for some basic statistics than reducing and correlating
data for case-relevant device identification, tend to be outdated. In this situation,
which may be referred to as data rich but information poor, a practical solution is
represented by Digital Forensics Triage, a promising new branch of the Digital Forensics
science whose aim is to extract evidence and provide vital intelligence in a timely
manner. Digital Forensics Triage, or simply Digital Triage, is generally referred to as
a framework that could be adopted in time-critical situations to assign a higher priority
to certain digital devices with regards to others, according to their relevance to
the criminal case. Digital Triage has been characterized by the development of rapid
data extraction techniques and tools whereas, despite some categorisation functions,
determining the relevance of a digital device to a criminal case, also known as classification,
tend to be a mostly manual process. Based on substantial research carried
out to establish current methodologies in the field of Digital Triage and their potential
use, this thesis describes an original methodology for digital device pre-examination
and classification either on the crime scene or at Digital Forensic Laboratories (DFLs).
The intended aim of the methodology is to automate the identification of relevant devices
in criminal cases where time, huge backlogs, and suspect's privacy protection
are deemed critical factors. As a result of the merge of Digital Forensics best practices
and Machine Learning supervised classification, the novel approach described
hereafter presents several advantages with respect to other techniques currently in use. Selective device pre-examination on the crime scene or at DFLs, indeed, allows the
timely identification of case-relevant devices while reducing the volume of data that
need to be exhaustively examined. Experimental results of the criminal case studies of
child pornography exchange and copyright infringement, suggest that the methodology
described in this thesis is effective and viable, and can provide a basis for an automated
digital devices classification tool for use in real-life criminal cases


When an expansion wave propagated along a constant area straight tube reaches at the open end, the negative impulsive wave and the compression wave are formed by the emission and reflection of expansion wave. The negative impulsive wave is emitted toward the surrounding area and causes an impulsive noise like the sonic boom. The compression wave propagates in the tube toward the upstream and may cause the impulsive noise at the surrounding area of tube portal. With the advance of industrial engineering, it seems that the discharging of the expansion wave will become important problems. In this study, the experimental and numerical investigations are carried out using the shock tube and the TVD numerical method. The formation process of compression wave near the open end, the relationship with the compression wave and the expansion wave and the characteristics of compression wave are discussed.


A sensitive method for the determination of vanadium in coal fly ash by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry is described. Vanadium is separated using a monothio [beta]-diketo liquid chelating exchanger (LCEH) in chloroform medium. The conditions of separation of vanadium i.e., pH, solvent, kinetics of extraction and the effects of various ions have been studied. The instrumental conditions, graphite furnace program have been optimized. The precision and accuracy of the method were investigated. The detection limit was found to be 0.58 ng. The accuracy of the method has been demonstrated using a reference sample and recovery of spiked vanadium to the fly ash sample digests. 22 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.


Differential cross sections are derived from a multistate impact-parameter treatment of heavy-particle collisions. Various approximations are suggested and their relationship with previous expressions are discussed. The equivalence between the differential cross sections in the impact-parameter and wave versions of the Born approximation is established for elastic and inelastic scattering and is illustrated explicitly for the $1s$, $2s$, $2{p}_{0}$, and $2{p}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1}$ excitations of atomic hydrogen by proton and hydrogen-atom impact.


A 17-run Box-Behnken design (BBD) with three factors was used to improve the conditions for extracting astaxanthin from shrimp waste. The astaxanthin level was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C18 column and a UV detector at 476 nm. The mean extraction yield of astaxanthin at the improved conditions (extraction time 1.4 h, extraction temperature 72.4°C, and liquid-solid ratio 27.3) was 98.7 ± 2.6 µg g−1. A solid-phase extraction (SPE)-HPLC method was developed with a new hybrid organic-inorganic hybrid monolith for further purification of astaxanthin from shrimp waste. The SPE recoveries were ranging from 81.3 ± 2.4% to 86.5 ± 3.3%, and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the proposed method were less than 4.3 ± 0.5% and 4.8 ± 0.2%, respectively. BBD increased the extraction efficiency and shortened extraction times significantly. SPE-HPLC with hybrid monolith showed good selectivity and purified astaxanthin from shrimp waste.


The best prediction of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models with α-stable innovations, α-stable power-GARCH models and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models with GARCH in mean effects (ARMA-GARCH-M) are proposed. We present a sufficient condition for stationarity of α-stable GARCH models. The prediction methods are easy to implement in practice. The proposed prediction methods are applied for predicting future values of the daily SP500 stock market and wind speed data.


River damming and associated reservoir causes intense and dramatic changes that create new environments, with particular structure and functioning. In these systems, flow control and artificial variations in water level are important determinants of the structure of fish assemblages. Planned reduction in water level (drawdown) is used to manage productivity in reservoirs. However, the effects of non‐planned reductions, such as those related to the collapse of spillway gates, are rarely studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a rapid reservoir drawdown, because of the collapse of a gate, on the structure of fish assemblage in a Neotropical reservoir, in Southern Brazil, operated as run‐of‐the‐river. Water level variation because of the collapse reached up to 20 m. A canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) was used to summarize the structure of fish assemblage. Spearman rank correlations were performed between each CAP axes retained for interpretation and fish species abundances, to assess the ones that most contributed to observed patterns. The first CAP axis identified strong variations in the spatial scale, while the third axis identified variations in the time scale (before and after the collapse). The most notable negative effect was the loss of several fish that perished during the reservoir drawdown, probably because of adverse limnological conditions. Results showed significant benefits of water level variation on the entire fish assemblage, and we suggest that, observed some peculiarities, this variation can be used to manage reservoirs, as a tool to enhance fish abundances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


ere is increasing evidence for whitematter pathology in schizophrenia. e aim of this study was to examine whether white matter abnormalities found with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in previous schizophrenia studies are present in the early phase of the illness. DTI was performed at  Tesla of ten male patients with a rst () or second () psychotic episode of schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder, ten male patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis with (pre)psychotic symptoms, and ten healthy controls. Fibertracts found abnormal in other DTI studies (uncinate and arcuate fasciculus, anterior and dorsal cingulum, subdivisions of the corpus callosum) were calculated and visualized; tract-speci c measurements (fractional anisotropy and trace) were performed. No differences were found between the healthy subjects and two patient groups. ese preliminary ndings suggest that there is no white matter pathology of these association tracts detectable with DTI in the early stages of schizophrenic illness in males. Our ndings are in contrast with DTI abnormalities found in some other rst-episode studies. is discrepancy in ndings may be related to differences in subject characteristics and DTI methodology. Possible effects of age, gender, level of education and illicit substance use on DTI ndings in schizophrenia are discussed. 22 | White Matter Abnormalities


This panel session is designed to explore the reasons why healthcare fails to adopt simulation and modeling techniques, and will seek to highlight ways towards greater adoption. The aim of the panel is to have a sustained dialogue with and amongst the audience. The agenda for the discussion will cover care delivery in a variety of contexts, including, the US and UK, hospital based and in more distributed systems and operations and workforce management. It will also address the use of computer games in simulation and modeling, frameworks within which simulation modeling may best be accomplished and the steps needed to overcome barriers in each community needed to see a greater uptake of simulation modeling in healthcare.


The pipes using in water-based fire protection systems are used steel pipes for ordinary piping, carbon steel pipes for pressure service, copper and copper alloy seamless pipes and tubes, etc. By last buildings of high-rising, complexity, in fire protection systems, the corrosion resistance, easy construction, lightweight and cost-effective use of the pipes is being considered. Among the pipes, the possibility of used for fire protection system being used in the existing copper pipe of material properties, strength, corrosion resistance, heat resistance through and compare the performance was evaluated. As a result of that assessment light gauge stainless steel pipes for ordinary piping (KS D 3595) at a water pressure of less than 1.2 MPa can be used in sufficient physical properties, strength, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and have been observed.


This paper aims to identify the main fundamentals that influence the measurement of performance indicator of movements per hour (MPH) of container with load. Maritime transport is the main mode used by the intense international trade, being the port an important strategic link of the international logistics. The Santa Catarina ports are present in a significant way in the Brazilian scenario in container handling, in this way this article contemplates a theoretical research and legitimized by means of a practical research in the application of a mixed questionnaire with the managers of five ports of Santa Catarina, in order to identify the main foundations of the MPH performance indicator. It was evidenced that the theoretical studies about the MPH indicator are confirmed in the practical research with the port managers, corroborating with the research, but initially so that in the future, uniform characteristics are adopted in the Brazilian and international port service.


A rectangular path cyclic interferometer has the unique property that the counter-propagating wavefronts travelling in the interferometer arms are folded with respect to each other in the plane of the interferometer although the two wavefronts finally emerge from the interferometer unfolded. A phase disturbance introduced in one lateral half of the interferometer arm is therefore manifested in complementary lateral halves of the observed interference pattern. This phenomenon is utilized to evaluate the surface profile of a reflecting sample placed on one of the interferometer mirrors. The sample phase is retrieved using polarization phase shifting. Experimental results showing three-dimensional surface morphology of a small scale integrated circuitry directly etched on silicon are presented.


Sealing shaft relative to the liquid medium, for example, a propeller shaft, the impeller shaft, the rudder stock of the ship, and a sealing system for the ones like, of the sealing system located radially inward clamping at least one sealing ring the clamping space for fixing, has opposed angle region, when viewed radially from the inside to the outside, branches, formed by inclined riding surface, in order to accommodate in the clamping space , clamping section of the sealing ring, the sealing system having two opposed edge regions which are formed by the inclined surface corresponding to the riding surface, and a sealing ring for such sealing system is disclosed.


The publication reflects on the role of the concept of publication in the conditions of the modern media market. In the conditions of the region, the project should be based on the needs and values of the target audience. The Omsk media resource Tramplin, which was born during the pandemic, is an example of a new conceptual solution. Omsk is known as a city with an "unstable" background mood, with a high migration outflow and a lack of a positive attitude towards the area of residence. In this situation, several enterprising creators decided to offer the market an alternative point of view on the space in which they live. Springboard Media is a resource about the love of the city, encouraging the reader to share this feeling. The concept of the publication resulted in a content strategy, which can be traced at the level of selection of facts, graphic and structural design of the resource. The developed content distribution system found support and response from readers. This is evidenced by the marketing audit of the resource, undertaken during the study, its results are presented in the publication. The emergence of such projects indicates a new stage in the development of regional journalism, which needs to correlate the values broadcast by the media.


Grand unification is a promising approach to fundamental theory of elementary particles. It generically predicts decay of the proton into leptons. Long life of the protonl implies that the supposed grand unification scale Mu is dose to the Planck scale MP~ 10 GeV, which seems a plausible cutoff scale for field-theoretical models of fundamental interactions. Hence, at the unification scale, so-called irrelevant (or nonrenormalizable) terms may play a significant role in unified-model building. When w~ come to the weak scale, most of the irrelevant terms are indeed irrelevant, at least, perturbatively. However, Yukawa interactions involving Higgs fields with the unification-scale ~acuum expectation value (VEV) exhibit sizable remnant effects even at the weak scale.l These effects provide a small quantity Mu/MP, which is expected to be a seed for the hierarchical structure of the fermion mass rna trices. ) In this paper, we consider a minimal S0(10) unified model with horizontal Peccei-Quinn symmetryl as an attempt to realize the above scenario: We demand that the coupling constants in the theory be of order unity at the cutoff scale, and postulate necessary gauge hierarchy. Then the hierarchical structure of mass matrices is naturally implemented by the remnant effects in combination with the horizontal symmetry, which simultaneously lead to a texture a la Giudice.l


It is well recognized that products other than lactic acid may be produced by homofermentative lactic acid-producing streptococci. Small quantities of formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, ethanol, carbon dioxide, 2,3-butanediol, acetoin, and biacetyl have been reported as metabolic products of these organisms (Hammer, 1920; Foster, 1921; Langwill, 1924; Long and Hammer, 1936). Of these, however, only ethanol and lactic, acetic, and formic acids have been taken into account in quantitative studies of glucose fermentation (Friedemann, 1938, 1939; Gunsalus and Niven, 1942; White et al., 1955). Carbon recoveries in such experiments were usually 85 to 95 per cent, and equimolar quantities of oneand two-carbon products were found. Oxidation-reduction (O/R) indices, however, varied considerably from the theoretical 1.0, indicating that the products reported, particularly those other than lactate, were not the only ones formed. It was believed that complete fermentation balances, especially in regard to O/R indices, would clarify and extend the knowledge of the metabolic processes of these bacteria. This paper reports a quantitative study of the products formed by several homofermentative lactic acid streptococci in their anaerobic fermentation of glucose.


Accurate interpretation of environments of sedimentation and of resulting sedimentary-rock bodies is recognized as fundamentally important in connection with exploration for oil and gas. For this there is need not only for identification of deposits favorable as source rocks but understanding of factors involved in making stratigraphic traps or affecting migration and accumulation of oil and gas. Analysis of data pertinent to paleoecologic studies may be divided into parts devoted to a review of several basic concepts concerned with stratigraphic variations and a survey of advances in paleoecologic methods observable in recent years. Extensive programs of research, especially of marine environments, now being conducted under auspices of the American Petroleum Institute an by several institutions in the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific border regions and in Europe are valuable in adding firmer basis for interpretation of pre-Recent sedimentary deposits. A summary of this work and discussion of a few examples are presented.


The importance of building home, school and community partnerships is increasingly acknowledged since family and community involvement in education is thought to be associated with children's success at school. This paper reports on aspects of an Australian Government commissioned research project that analysed educational partnerships aiming to enhance children's numeracy education. Snapshots of two school case studies are presented to highlight features of effective partnerships and the kinds of numeracy learning they supported.


This study assessed the effects of boiling and squeeze-washing on the mineral and anti-nutritional contents of Solanum Macrocarpon (Gbagba) leaves. The leaves were cleaned; squeeze washed or boiled with or without salt for 5 minutes and sundried. The leaves were milled and analyzed for Ca, K, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, Zn, total phenol, tannin and oxalate using standard methods. Results showed the average mineral content of unprocessed Solanum macrocarpon as calcium 1704 mg/100g, potassium 2289 mg/100g, copper 4.68 mg/100g, iron 9.26mg/100g, magnesium 637.06 mg/100g, manganese 8.51 mg/100g, phosphorus 275.88 mg/100g, zinc 5.36 mg/100g and 13.07 mg/g of total phenol, 6.39 mg/g, tannin and 1.8% oxalate. Greatest anti-nutrient losses were found in samples boiled or squeeze washed with salt having a percentage reduction of 49.14 - 54.46%, 43.61 - 60.67and 31.67 - 58.34% for tannin, total phenol and oxalates respectively. Concentration of the minerals studied showed reduction of 6.78 - 46.35% and 4.53 - 41.20% for the samples boiled or squeeze washed with or without salt. Calcium content increased by 13.64 to 19.25% in boiled samples but decreased by 3.9 - 12.08% in squeeze washed samples. Pretreated leaves still contained sufficient nutrients to meet the recommended mineral daily allowance.


Abstract Introduction: Definitive reconstruction of pelviureteric junction obstruction has been performed by incisional, endourologic, or laparoscopic approaches.1,2 Among these, laparoscopic appro...


The influence of preferred orientation on
integrated x-ray intensities in powder specimen using
energy-dispersive diffraction method is investigated.
The theory used is based upon examination of the polar
axis density distribution. The measurements were carried
out using the Schulz technique added with defocusing
correction. Experimental results are given for
three aluminium powder specimens.


Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) require pipeline transport of large quantities of liquid and supercritical CO2. Free water cannot be accepted in the pipeline and accidental ingress of water has to be removed immediately. The acceptable response time after water contamination will be system specific and depend on the corrosion rate and corrosion allowance. Presently, the corrosion rate in a pipeline suffering from accidental water ingress cannot be estimated accurately due to lack of corrosion data at high CO2 partial pressure. Previously, we have shown that the corrosion rate at 25 °C increased with increasing CO2 pressure up to 20 bar (12 mm/y) while no further increase was observed between 40 and 100 bar. The present paper discusses the results from flow loop experiments where carbon steel specimens were exposed to water equilibrated with gaseous and supercritical CO2. The experiments were carried out at 40 °C, flow velocity 0.65 m/s and CO2 pressures ranging from 1 to 100 bar. The corrosion rates were determined from electrochemical measurement, iron count, and weight loss. The aim of the study is to determine how the corrosion rate increased with increasing CO2 pressure at 40 °C and to identify the pressure at which the corrosion rate stabilise.


Canada's Employment Insurance program pays weekly benefits to the unemployed that vary in generosity across regions. While the variable entrance requirements help deliver more benefits to seasonal workers, the mechanism spreads the generosity of benefits to all workers in a region, raising the costs of the program and hindering labour market adjustment.


This chapter aims to identify certain interaction dynamics between pedagogical decisions and students' epistemic practices (EPs) that occur during science and technology lessons conducted by teachers at two different teaching levels. A content analysis was undertaken of multimodal narratives (MNs) of lessons based on two case studies of secondary and higher education teachers. MN excerpts are used to illustrate the interaction dynamics between pedagogical decisions and students' EPs for each teacher. Results show that the secondary education teacher makes more pedagogical decisions than the higher education teacher and that the secondary school students engage in fewer EPs than the higher education students. The results also show that it is possible to use MNs as an instrument to develop research on teachers' pedagogical decisions. Teachers' pedagogical decisions are an important asset for teacher professional development as they have an impact on students' epistemic work in the physical science classroom.


Introduction Long-term ecological data are critical to solving global change questions of national concern and significance. These data provide temporal and spatial context to data collected by existing sites and networks and to emerging national observatories, such as the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), WATERS, and the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI). As drivers of global change continue to modify our environment, often in unpredictable ways, longterm data will be the only way to distinguish trends in global drivers and ecological responses from short-term variability. However, large amounts of long-term data have been collected that remain inaccessible or difficult to access. Much of these data have been collected at NSFsupported Long Term Ecological Research sites (LTER), but other long-term data sets exist at field stations and marine labs, in individual laboratories, and at Federally-funded research facilities such as USDA Experimental Forests. These data, if made easily accessible, can be used to address critical global change questions.


A modified Carlson-Langer model for earthquakes is proposed, which includes nonlinear viscoelasticity. Several aftershocks are generated after the main shock owing to the damping of the additional viscoelastic force. Both the Gutenberg-Richter law and Omori's law are reproduced in a numerical simulation of the modified Carlson-Langer model on a critical percolation cluster of a square lattice.


Nowadays formalities of scholarship fully embrace the importance of writing in earnest. Although some may bemoan tendencies to privilege pre-established formats over creative poiesis, seminars and colloquia make for remarkable composing machines. Still—and despite their emphasis on "book projects"—these rites of passage seldom address the question of how to turn a whirl of articles or papers into a full-fledged book. For each book in the writing requires a far more demanding treatment, one that amounts to an architectural move. If articles can be compared to showrooms, a multistory house is what a book most closely resembles. This very domestic metaphor is how Philliou chose to make her readers feel at home in Biography of an Empire. Yet it is hard to get a sense of the architectural move she opted for when writing it. Despite its suggestive title, this bio-graphy never quite develops into a form of life in writing. While the "phanariot house" survived its "demolitions" (p. 65) well into our times, the book leaves us readers disarrayed amid the rubble. Biography's primary focus is on a captivating microcosm: the elites that were based in the Phanar neighborhood in Istanbul, with links to lay and clerical powers both in the Ottoman capital city and in certain provinces (Moldavia and Wallachia as well as the Aegean). Long famous (in particular since Andrei Pippidi's key studies in the 1970s), yet still little known, Phanariots can be approached as a showcase for the Ottoman topology of statecraft. This Philliou did with dash in several articles she published over the past few years. Here she embarks on a fuller survey of the "house" that the Phanar built—how it was shaken to its foundations by the 1821 Hellenic rebellion and how it managed to maintain its luster under a "neophanariot" guise (p. xxi). Philliou resolves to look for a "sociopolitical portrait of the group [she is] calling phanariots" (p. 14). Those expecting a "sociology of empire" (p. xxviii) might be disappointed though: Biography's take on the "question of agency" (p. xxii) relates to individual trajectories rather than to social groupings. In this respect, Philliou's choice of terms (speaking of a Phanariot "house") is judicious, since it conveys the uncertain balance between collective and individual career patterns that the study aims to unveil. It also makes for one of the book's most appealing suggestions: namely, that a complex play of analogies and homologies may be established between two "houses" that scholars have tended to keep tightly separated: Phanariots on the one hand and dynasties of provincial notables and the Janissary Corps on the other. "Examining phanariots alongside ayans/hanedans and janissaries in turn clearly shows that phanariots borrowed strategies from new elites while enmeshing themselves in domestic trade and politics long dominated by janissaries" (p. 24). This boils down to stressing, if need be, that Phanariots ought to be considered Ottomans among other—not to say "ordinary"—Ottomans. Taking one's cue from the Phanariots also amounts, Philliou argues, to adopting a "view from the edge of the center," that is, "from a perspective at the imperial center of Istanbul


Objective To analyze the Ag NORs in T cells of different patients to find clues for the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer.Methods A KL 2 imaging system was used to analyze the areas of Ag NORs in T cells. T cells from peripheral blood were cultivated and stimulated, and silver staining was performed. The areas of Ag NORs were analyzed.Results A total of 1 046 nomal adults, 393 patients with non malignant diseases and 706 patients with malignant diseases were analyzed. Their average IS% values were (7.81±0.69)%, (7.85±0 72)% and 5.17±0.87 respectively. The IS% values above 6% were 99.8%, 94.7% and 10% to 35% respectively. No differences were observed in different kinds of cancers except breast cancer and rectum cancer whose IS% were (5.61±0.86)% and (6.10±0.92)% respectively, 75% and 26% of their IS% were less than 6% respectively. 83% to 90% of the IS% in the patients with other cancers were below 6%. In comparison with serum CEA, AFP and the like, Ag NORs in T cells were more powerful in diagnosis and monitoring of cancers.Conclusion The value of Ag NORs of T cells was significantly lower in patients with cancers and was statistically different from that in nomal adults and patients without malignant diseases. The results demonstrated that the analysis of Ag NORs might play an important role in the diagnosis, differenciation and monitoring of cancer.


As one of the famous tour destinations,Qinhuangdao,with its long historical cultures and modern leisure cultures of the sea,the issue of how to build its special features under new environments become even more serious,the thesis focus on how to dig and rebuild the factors of cultural resources,when we focus on the objective culture of the attractions,deeply explore and integrate its subjective cultures under its objective cultures,at the same time positively to search for its deep meaning and cementing effect of national spirit,to build some special travel tastes by depending on its cultures.On the one hand,to educate its subjects,and on the other hand to pass China's traditional cultures and to protect the special features of our national culture to develop in harmonious and healthy ways.


Abstract : Human skeletal remains recovered during the construction of the Blue Springs Lake Project were analyzed for sex, race, injury, and age determinations. Two females and a male, were studied. Radiocarbon dating of the materials placed the burials at approximately 3500 B.C. in the Middle to Late Archaic period. (fr)


This work focuses on the analysis of the compositional variation made during stir casting of Al-B4C metal matrix composite (MMC) and the properties of GTA weldments. Pulsed current gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding, a novel variant of traditional GTA weld process, was tried on two different composites, viz. 2 % and 4 % B4C particulates in aluminium matrix. For a chosen current and voltage, two different pulsing frequencies (2Hz & 5Hz) were combined with three different pulse on time periods (40%, 50 % & 60%) and the weldments were compared with that of constant current weldments. An attempt has been made to study the time-temperature effect of pulsed GTA welding process parameters on microhardness in as-welded condition. Pulsed current resulted in better grain refinement and the same is reflected in the microhardness values. The increase in the reinforcing composition showed increased effect on the fusion zone weld hardness levels. Increase in Pulse on time and pulse frequency of PC weldments resulted in increased hardness of both the compositions.


Cite as: Orsini C. Strengthening our professional identity: Insights from the 2017 ACHEO conference. J Oral Res 2017; 6(8):200-202. doi:10.17126/joralres.2017.057 Earlier this year, on April 21st and 22nd, over 320 members of the dental education community, including educators, clinicians, researchers, students, and academic and professional policy makers, convened at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University San Sebastian in Santiago, Chile, for the second ACHEO conference (ACHEO as acronym for Asociación Chilena de Enseñanza de la Odontología, Association for Dental Education in Chile). This twoday meeting was co-hosted by ACHEO and the Faculty of Dentistry of the University San Sebastian, and co-sponsored by the thirteen active ACHEOmember Faculties of Dentistry. The conference gathered delegates around the topic of 'strengthening our professional identity', which was discussed mainly centred on three themes: 1. Bioethics and professional ethics in the curriculum, 2. implications and challenges for promoting autonomous motivation in students, 3. minimum contents and outcomes in the dental curriculum, and 4. teaching and learning in dentistry through a simulated environment. Additionally, over sixty posters were presented by delegates in a number of topics concerning research in dental education and innovative teaching and learning strategies. Dr José Antonio Giménez, Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of the Andes and President of ACHEO, started the discussion with a keynote lecture on bioethics and the dental curriculum. Several issues on professionalism, ethical and legal aspects and how these should be taught were described, which have been referred to as fundamental for graduates and safe beginners by several international institutions, such as the General Dental Council in the U.K,1 the Association for Dental Education in Europe,2 and the American Dental Education Association.3 To date, these issues have not been fully and formally addressed throughout the Chilean dental curricula, and agreeing with the vision of Dr Giménez, an aspect of such relevance cannot be learned by intuition and as part of the informal curriculum. This is perhaps ref lective of the importance that the aforementioned dental governing bodies place on the inclusion of ethics on the dental undergraduate curricula, with a view to producing well rounded and 'professional dentists'. The current trends in the development of our profession do not come without encountering some complex ethical dilemmas. For instance, finding a clear balance between a mixed environment of therapeutic and cosmetic treatments can be challenging for a junior dentist, which is beyond the observation of confidentiality or of an informed consent.4 This raises several questions, for instance, how should our students learn to analyse as well as act to avoid professional ethical pitfalls? which learning Strengthening our professional identity: Insights from the 2017 ACHEO conference.


This paper examines the financial feasibility of using space based satellites to shade the earth to control global warming. By using iterative runs of standard global climate models from NASA figures for the amount of incoming solar radiation that must be blocked are estimated. A financial model based on weight of 2 mil aluminized mylar was made. This model showed that at current launch costs, controlling global warming would require expenditures greater than or equal to (on a yearly basis) the national budgets of the USA, Canada, Germany and France combined. Such costs indicate that this robust method of global warming control is not currently feasible if launched from the surface of the earth. However, it raises a very good question of whether a space based control system would be fiscally reasonable if the materials and construction were done with Mars, asteroid, or lunar material. No data is presented, but the author believes that Mars colony based manufacturing is highly likely to be the lowest cost method of control for our planet, and should be investigated.


ABSTRACT Analytical methods to assess thigh muscle balance need to provide reliable data to allow meaningful interpretation. However, reproducibility of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare relative and absolute reliability indices of its angle and moment values with conventional and functional hamstring–quadriceps ratios. Furthermore, effects of familiarisation and angular velocity on reproducibility were analysed. A number of 33 male volunteers participated in 3 identical test sessions. Peak moments (PMs) were determined unilaterally during maximum concentric and eccentric knee flexion (prone) and extension (supine position) at 0.53, 1.57 and 2.62 rad · s–1. A repeated measure, ANOVA, confirmed systematic bias. Intra-class correlation coefficients and standard errors of measurement indicated relative and absolute reliability. Correlation coefficients were averaged over respective factors and tested for significant differences. All balance scores showed comparable low-to-moderate relative (<0.8–0.9) and good absolute reliability (<10%). Relative reproducibility of dynamic control equilibrium parameters augmented with increasing angular velocity, but not with familiarisation. At 2.62 rad · s–1, high (moment: 0.906) to moderate (angle: 0.833) relative reliability scores with accordingly high absolute indices (4.9% and 6.4%) became apparent. Thus, the dynamic control equilibrium is an equivalent method for the reliable assessment of thigh muscle balance.


A composition for applying to skin suffering from acne to treat the acne, the composition comprising an extract of Malva neglecta. The Malva neglecta increases ceramide production at the area of skin affected by acne to treat and / or improve the acne. Additionally, the composition may include cholesterol.


INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to insulin deficiency, impaired of insulin receptor or both (Unwin et al., 2009). There are generally two types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes (pancreatic beta cell damage caused absolute insulin deficiency) and type 2 (a combination of a lack of insulin production and secretion and sensitivity to insulin receptor) (Dipiro et al, 2008). Diabetes mellitus disease is increasing rapidly in worlwide. The incidences in 2010 were about 285 million people and It has been estimated that by the year 2025, the global incidence of diabetes would increase to 350 million (International diabetes federation, 2006). In diabetes, activation of hepatic gluconeogenesis enzymes can increase glucose production and thus contribute to increase blood glucose which could deteriorate diabetes (Sundaram et al., 2013). The state of diabetes characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity is the major cause of NAFLD (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease), because in diabetes state occurs disorders of glucose metabolism and fat so that could result in fibrosis, infiltration, necroinflamation, to acute liver disease (Marchesini et al., 2001). Treatment of diabetes mellitus is chronic and long life, causing undesirable side effects (Unwin et al., 2009). Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent, which belongs to the class known as the biguanides. Metformin is now widely used as one of the mainstays in the management of type 2 diabetes. Metformin reduces fasting plasma glucose concentration by reducing rate of hepatic glucose production via gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Metformin improves glycemic control as monotherapy and in combination with other oral antidiabetic agents, such as sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones (Frendell et al. 2003). Several plant extracts are known to have antidiabetic properties and a large number of compounds from plant extracts have been reported to have beneficial effects for treatment of diabetes mellitus (Anhauser, 2003). Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is one of plant that can decrease blood glucose. Green tea is produced by enzymatic inactivation of the leaves of Camellia sinensis followed by rolling or comminution and drying. In the manufacturer of green tea, the enzymatic inactivation achieved by steam or pan firing treatment to preserve natural polyphenols with respect to the health promoting properties. Green tea derived products are mainly extracts of green tea in liquid or powder form varying in the proportion of polyphenols (45-90%) and caffeine content (0.4-10%). The polyphenolic fraction of green tea, has been reported to have multiple pharmacological actions (Sano et al., 1995). Green tea is an excellent source of polyphenol antioxidants, known as green tea catechins. The important catechins of green tea are epicatechin (EC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). The polyphenolic fractions of green tea have been reported to have multiple pharmacological actions. They exhibit potent antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. Epidemiologic observation and laboratory studies have indicated that polyphenolic compounds present in the tea may reduce the risk of a variety of illnesses, including cancer and coronary heart disease (McKay and Blumberg 2002). Some studies suggest that green tea extract lowered cholesterol levels and blood glucose on mice and rat (Yang et al., 2001). Green tea extract at dose of 300mg /kg /day can lower blood glucose in diabetic rats and was also able to reduce the lipids in heart defects (Babu et al., 2006). Blood glucose lowering activity of green tea was greater and total polyphenol content was higher when compared with black tea and oolong tea (Holidah et al., 2015).


Doping, an application of chemical substances with the deliberate intention of altering physical performance of athletes, is strongly opposed by the International Olympic Committee and its affiliate bodies on ethical and health grounds. It has been observed by the researchers that female athletes were in the habit of involving themselves in performance-enhancing drugs like their male counterparts. This has resulted in a noticeable increase in unhealthy and anti-social behaviours before, during and after sports competitions among sportsmen and women. However, the magnitude of this problem is not quite known. This study therefore, investigated gender considerations of doping behaviours of athletes in Southwest, Nigeria. Participants were 510 (255 males and females each) selected purposively using simple and stratified random sampling techniques. A descriptive research of the survey type was used. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, Chi-square and ANOVA statistics. Findings revealed that there was a significant influence of sex on the extent of the use of doping substances by the respondents. Male athletes were significantly involved in doping behaviours than their female counterparts. It was suggested that continuous drug education be provided athletes; and coaches and trainers should make responsible decisions concerning athletes' health and social status in the society.


Generally, solutions to improve the vibration and noise problems are to redesign or
modify the system such as increasing the thickness of the wall panels, enhancing the
elasticity of the structure, and increase the damping mechanism of the structure. In
this study, the application of vibroacoustic modelling of enclosure coupled to a flexible
wall was investigated and its effectiveness was further researched by attaching
single and multiple spring-mass-damper (SMD) system for the structural vibration
control and sound pressure attenuation. The SMD system is designed to minimize
the sound pressure amplitude of a flexible wall of a rigid walled enclosure. The sound
pressure characteristics of rigid walled enclosure, such as natural frequency and mode
shape were determined using two approaches which are simulation (ANSYS®) and
theoretical (MATLAB®). In the preliminary study, the theoretical equation derived in
MATLAB® such as rigid walled enclosure coupled to flexible wall and rigid walled
enclosure with attached SMD were used to validate finite element analysis (FEA) conducted
using ANSYS®. The result indicates that the theory and FEA showed in a good
agreement. Thus, proved that the FE model was accurate and can be applied in the
subsequent analysis. As the mass and damping of the SMD were changed, the sound
pressure of enclosure was also affected. The study showed that with attached SMD to
a flexible wall, the sound pressure of enclosure was dropped significantly. From these
result, single SMD with mass of 20 kg and damping coefficient of 10Ns/m provides the
best option. As the study extended to multiple SMDs attachment at different location
and configuration, the outcomes showed that the center point attachment on flexible
wall at coordinate (1,0.25,0.15) and the combination between location one, two, three
and four produce the highest reduction. Finally, it can be concluded that multiple
SMDs were able to reduce the sound pressure compared to single SMD. However, for
the structures that take weight into consideration, such as in aerospace, automotive and
machine system, adding numbers of SMDs will result excess weight to the structure,
thus reduce fuel efficiency.


Introduction The strong influence of edge parameters on the core of magnetically confined tokamak plasmas motivates local edge measurements of all relevant plasma properties. At ASDEX Upgrade electron density and temperature are routinely measured with high temporal and spatial resolution, but temperature measurements of plasma ions at the edge are still demanding. The widely used diagnostic of charge exchange spectroscopy on neutral heating beams doesn't provide the necessary spatial resolution to resolve temperature gradients at the edge. Passive spectroscopy and neutral particle analysis only provide local measurements after inversion of multiple line-integrated measurements, the radial position of which may be ambiguous due to equilibrium issues. At ASDEX Upgrade, a diagnostic based on the neutral lithium beam, which routinely provides measurements of electron density at the plasma edge, has been extended to simultaneously measure ion temperatures via charge exchange on fully stripped helium and carbon impurity ions [1]. Assumption of a Maxwellian velocity distribution allows an easy interpretation of the linewidth as thermal ion temperature. ADAS [2] is used to calculate the effects of non-thermal Zeeman broadening and collisional l-mixing on the line-shape, yielding a derating factor, which is a multiplicative correction to the apparent temperature. This is especially important for the temperatures at the plasma edge, where derating factors as low as 0.7 are found.


Adult worms of Acanthocephalus dirus possessed a proboscis which is long, cylindrical with a uniform width measuring up to 0.42±0.02 (0.37-0.48) mm in length and 0.13±0.02 (0.07-0.16) mm in width. Scanning electron microscopy [SEM] photographs were revealed that the proboscis hooks large, uniform size (15 rows of 13 hooks each) with a row of longer hooks at the base. Histopathological study revealed that the fish intestinal tissues totally destroyed the ultrastructure of the infected intestinal tissues, such as mucosal epithelium, stratum granulosum, lamina propria, muscular and serosa of the wall of the intestine forming a tunnel surrounded with collagenous fibers and granulocytes. Inflammation, granular cells formation, connective tissue proliferation was associated with the host immune madulation of the infected intestine.


Experiences with nasotracheal intubation in the primary management of 157 severe burns of the face and neck are reported. The indication for intubation is provided by the pathophysiology of these cases. Complications are minimized by a careful technique that makes due allowance to the individual anantomical features. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.


Six different instruments on OSO-8 have observed several binary X-ray sources between energies of 0.13 keV and 1 MeV at various times since 21 June 1975. The schedule for these observations is given, as well as the present plan for such future observations through July 1976. Included is the OSO-8 observing schedule for the transient X-ray source A0620-00.


Combined with the actual state in Songyu Power Plant,the ash-removing control system has been optimized for Phase II Project in the plant in accordance with the features of ControlLogix PLC system and the composition of the system and hardware allocation have been described in the paper.Optimum design has been made for program control so as to prevent the performance of the system from decreasing because of redundant controllers applied.Some technical problems of version renewal shall be noticed during change of redundant module.


The paper navigates Ethiopia's history of resistance against Italian colonial aggression as reported by New Times and Ethiopia News (NTEN) founded and edited by Sylvia Pankhurst in defence of Ethiopia. Her London-based weekly, which started the day fascist forces took control of Addis Ababa, was in the years to come to step up discursive pressure on Italy and the big powers for the salvation of the Eastern African nation. The paper reported on the freedom fighters' victories in the antifascist resistance through the empire as well as the diplomatic and activist crusades in Geneva, London and the United States by the government in exile as well as friends of Ethiopia. Using a sample of archival corpus of the newspaper and employing rhetorical methods, the study examines narratives of victimhood, resistance and victory as carried in headlines covering the period 1936–41.


We have tried to detect changes of affects by measuring accelerated plethysmogram. We gave 9 kinds of mental stimuli to 22 subjects and measured their accelerated plethysinograms. We chose the power spectrum of a-wave intervals of accelerated plethysmogram as an index to detect changes of affects. The accumulated powers in a low frequency region measured in many kinds of stimuli were significantly smaller than that measured in the light chatting condition which we assume as a base condition in this research, whereas the accumulated powers in a high frequency region measured in some passive kinds of stimuli were significantly bigger than that measured in the base condition. We also analyzed the correlations of the accumulated powers between measured in the different stimuli. The correlation coefficients of the powers between almost all stimuli in the low frequency region are high, whereas these in the high frequency are high between some kinds of similar stimuli.


Children with DCD exhibit many motor issues including ball catching, which have not been addressed clinically. The purpose of this study was to examine if variable practice can improve one-handed catching performance of five boys with DCD with severe (M = 11.1 years, SD = .7) and moderate movement problems (M = 11. 7 years, SD = .9). Both groups attended 12 sessions, with 8 blocks of 10 attempts, across four different ball velocities. Children with moderate issues caught more balls at post- and transfer test, as compared to pre-test. Kinematic profiles showed that both groups exhibited stable configuration of the catching arm; however, only children with moderate issues increased (peak) velocity, degree of spatial adaptations, and extended the pre-programmed ballistic phase of the action. Thus, variable practice appeared to be effective for children with moderate issues but not those with severe problems. In line with VPH hypothesis, these improvements were due to strengthening of the schema responsible for spatial and temporal adaptations of the end effector.


Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) are drug delivery systems with important advantages over conventional nanosystems. Considering previously reported pharmacological and physicochemical properties of Platonia insignis seed butter (BBI), this work aimed at developing, characterizing and performing toxicological and antioxidant studies of SLNs produced from BBI. The GC-MS analysis identified palmitic and oleic acids as the major compounds. Three SLN prototypes were developed through high-shear homogenization followed by ultrasonication. During a 180-day stability evaluation, the formulation SLN/TW-1.5 presented greater stability since pH was around 6.0, as well as a lesser variation of the PdI (Polydispersity Index), particle size and Zeta Potential (ZP), confirmed with Raman Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The CC50 in macrophages was around 249.4 µg∙mL−1 for BBI, whereas the CC50 value for SLN/TW-1.5 was 45.2 µg∙mL−1. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) showed a marked in vitro antioxidant activity for BBI and SLN/TW-1.5. After in vivo SLN/TW-1.5 administration in Zophobas morio larvae, assessment of reduced glutathione (GSH), nitrite (NO2−) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) demonstrated antioxidant activity. Thus, the intrinsic physicochemical properties of BBI allowed the development of an optimized nanoformulation with high stability indexes, besides the great potential for antioxidant applications.


Moments and moment invariants are useful tool in pattern recognition and image analysis. Conventional methods to deal with color images are based on RGB decomposition or graying. In this paper, by using the theory of quaternions, we introduce a set of quaternion Zernike moments (QZMs) for color images in a holistic manner. It is shown that the QZMs can be obtained via the conventional Zernike moments of each channel. We also construct a set of combined invariants to rotation and translation (RT) using the modulus of central QZMs. Experimental results show that the proposed descriptors are more efficient than the existing ones.


It is proved that the shape of the typical cell of a Delaunay tessellation, derived from a stationary Poisson point process in d-dimensional Euclidean space, tends to the shape of a regular simplex...


Statistical properties of software networks have been extensively studied. However, in the previous works, software networks are usually considered as a single-layer network, which cannot capture the authentic characteristics of software since software in its nature should be multilayer. In this paper, we explore the structural properties of the multilayer software network at the class level by progressively merging layers together, where each coupling type such as inheritance, implements, and method call defines a specific layer. A case study in software Tomcat is conducted using a set of 10 measures widely used in complex network literatures. The results show that some structural properties that are widely observed in software network researches can only emerge when several layers are merged together, such as high clustering coefficient, small value of average shortest path length, and high global efficiency. Our study highlights the importance of taking into consideration the multilayer nature of software systems. The results we found can provide valuable insights to our understanding and modeling of the dynamical processes taking place in the design and development of software systems.


This is our final article on teaching special relativity in the first week of an introductory physics course.1–3 One of the profound changes in our view of the world was Einstein's discovery of the lack of simultaneity. He illustrated this result with a thought experiment in which we observe a railroad car passing by us. We see the two ends of the car struck simultaneously by lightning bolts, but to someone riding inside the car, the lightning strikes were not simultaneous. My difficulty with this thought experiment is that while doing calculations, I have to go back and forth between two imagined points of view. To avoid this, I actually perform an experiment that involves two simultaneous events. then all we have to imagine is how the experiment looks to someone moving by us. Not only does the order of the two events depend on the direction of motion of the observer, but we can demonstrate that if information could travel faster than the speed of light, we could get answers to questions that have not ye...


China's poultry slaughter and processing technology and equipment laged behind the developed countries 30 or 40 years due to multiple causes.In the "Twelve Five-Year Plan" period,analyzing the causes,clearing objectives and achieving the goal that "the Chinese poultry slaughter and processing technology and equipment by leaps and bounds",automation equipment made in China will be applied in poultry processing industry soon.


The high computational demands and overall encoding complexity make the processing of high definition video sequences hard to be achieved in real-time. In this manuscript, we target an efficient parallelization and RD performance analysis of H.264/AVC inter-loop modules and their collaborative execution in hybrid multi-core CPU and multi-GPU systems. The proposed dynamic load balancing algorithm allows efficient and concurrent video encoding across several heterogeneous devices by relying on realistic run-time performance modeling and module-device execution affinities when distributing the computations. Due to an online adjustment of load balancing decisions, this approach is also self-adaptable to different execution scenarios. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm's ability to achieve real-time encoding for different resolutions of high-definition sequences in various heterogeneous platforms. Speed-up values of up to 2.6 were obtained when compared to the video inter-loop encoding on a single GPU device, and up to 8.5 when compared to a highly optimized multi-core CPU execution. Moreover, the proposed algorithm also provides an automatic tuning of the encoding parameters, in order to meet strict encoding constraints.


The article reveals the national and cultural specificity of phraseological units for excitement in the Ukrainian and Russian languages. The purpose of this work is to determine the national and cultural features of Ukrainian and Russian phraseological units (PhU) for the designation of concern, excitement, worry, anxiety based on the specifics of customs, beliefs, and everyday life that are reflected in them. The object of the study is Ukrainian and Russian phraseological units for the designation of concern, excitement, worry, anxiety. The subject of the study is the presence / absence of nationally and culturally specific features of Ukrainians and Russians in the display of such PhUs. As a result of comparative analysis of the similarities and differences of the PhU of this phraseological microsystem in the Ukrainian and Russian languages, based on the structural-grammatical, semantic and functional features of the PhU in each of these languages, as well as the use of selection criteria and the appropriate method of researching the material, it was found that they are equivalent, close or similar and non-equivalent Ukrainian and Russian equivalents of phraseological units denoting concern, excitement, worry, anxiety. Conclusions are made about the presence of equivalent, non-equivalent phraseological units and analogous phraseological units in the Ukrainian and Russian phraseological systems.