Fakfak nutmeg is also known as Papua Nutmeg, and has become one of the main income sources of local communities in Fakfak and Kaimana Districts. It produces butter nutmeg, a fat derived from the seed used in perfumery and soaps. It grows wild or semi cultivation, so the productivity is generally low. To improve productivity, it is necessary to use planting materials derived from high productive trees. The study was aimed to identify nutmeg trees with high yield, good quality of fruit, seeds and essential oils. The study was undertaken in eight locations of Fakfak district. Mother trees selection were carried out during 2013-2015. About 136 mother trees have been selected with average fruit yield 2275 ± 340 fruits tree−1 and have bigger fruit and seed compared with original population. The average fruit weight 106 ± 9.6 g, fruit length 7.26 ± 0.54 cm, seed weight 13.52 ± 1.44 g, seed length 3.81 ± 0.34 cm, and mace weight > 2 g. Essential oil content of mature seeds and mace was considered low (<5%). The main chemical constituents of seeds and mace essential oils were sabinen, limonen and safrol. The safrole content was higher (> 20%) than standard.


Holocaust education, which refers to the teaching and learning of the Holocaust—the systematic genocide of six million Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II—is an essential component of history and social studies education in many countries. Its primary aim is to raise awareness of the Holocaust, promote understanding of its historical significance and develop critical thinking and empathy in students. However, despite the increasing specialisation and institutionalisation of Holocaust education, there is still a lack of understanding of how Holocaust educators acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to teach the subject effectively. This study aims to explore the learning ecologies of a group of Italian Holocaust educators, focusing on their motivations for initial and lifelong learning and their learning practices. Ten in‐depth interviews were conducted with teachers from different subject areas. The results showed that participants were driven by either personal or curricular motivations and interests and used a range of learning approaches for both initial and lifelong learning. Although few participants considered digital technologies and social media as a learning environment, they were found to be useful resources. The study concludes with practical implications for further research.


Seeds from Cichorium intybus L harvested at Olavarria (Buenos Aires, Argentine) were defatted with petroleum ether (60°-80°) and the raw oil obtained with a yield of 13.3% dry basis. The crude oil was examined in their physicochemical characteristics had refractive index of 1.4576 (at 25°), iodine value of 124.3, saponification index of 191,4, unsaponifiable matter of 5.3 % and free fatty acid content of 6.0 (mg KOH/g). Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil revealed high levels of linoleic acid (59.8%), nearly 21% of saturated acids. The residual seed meal contained 16.9% of crude protein, with a low value of available lysine (1.37g/16 g N). Total and phytic acid phosphorous, calcium, ash, crude fiber, sugar, polysaccharides (non presence of starch) and residual lipids contents are reported.


Understanding the socio-economic characteristics of smallholder farmers is important as it provides the basis for addressing the myriad challenges that the farmers face. This study therefore was carried out to determine the socio-economic characteristics of smallholder potato farmers in Mauche Ward of Njoro Sub-County, Kenya. Simple Random sampling was used to select 150 smallholder potato farmers to participate in the household survey. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-economic data from the respondents. Data analysis was done using SPSS and results presented descriptively using frequencies, percentages, bar charts, means and standard deviation. The results indicate that most farmers have low education, mainly primary and secondary education and majority are relatively old. Though a high proportion of the farmers are married, cases of single farmers are common. Potato is a key crop but livestock keeping, particularly cattle and chicken are kept by almost all households. The study also revealed that smallholder farmers earn low income if they depend on on-farm activities alone. Potato farmers in Mauche have limited access to clean potato seed as many of them rely on seed purchased in open air markets and from other farmers. The major constraints to potato marketing are lack of collective action and low prices dictated by middlemen which translate to low farm incomes. Smallholder potato farmers need to increase their income by enhancing productivity through improved crop and land management practices. Engaging in profit oriented off-farm activities such as value addition may also enhance farmers' earnings. There is a need to capacity built farmers on clean potato seed production to ensure timely access to good quality seed at a more affordable price. Farmers need to form cooperative societies to enable them do collective marketing of their farm produce and purchase of farm inputs in order to benefit from the economies of scale.


Objective To express the domain Ⅲ of dengue Ⅱ virus envelop protein in Escherichia coli(E.coli)and evaluate its immunoreactivity.Methods Dengue Ⅱ virus was cultured in C6/36 cells.Total RNA was extracted from the culture supernatant,and the domain Ⅲ DNA fragment was amplified by RT-PCR.After endonuclease digestion,the target DNA fragment was inserted into vector pET30a(+) to construct the recombinant plasmid pET30a-D2E-DⅢ which was then transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and protein expression was induced by IPTG.The expressed products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Results After RT-PCR amplification,a specific DNA fragment of D2E-DⅢ about 300 bp was obtained.Double digestion of the recombinant plasmid pET30a-D2E-DⅢ showed that the insert fragment is at the correct position and sequence analysis showed that the insert sequence and its open reading frame are correct.On the 15% acrylamide SDS-PAGE,we observed a significant expression fragment approximately 10 kDa which was in line with the predictive size;Western blot results confirmed the specific reaction of the recombinant protein with the dengue Ⅱ positive serum.Conclusion The domain Ⅲ of dengue Ⅱ virus envelop protein was successfully expressed in E.coli and the expressed protein showed potent immunoreactivity with the dengue Ⅱ positive serum.


Abstract This paper outlines the individual histories of the attested ancient Celtic epigraphic traditions, Cisalpine Celtic, Celtiberian, Gaulish and Ogam-Irish. It discusses the types of literacy in each of them and presents them as examples of how and under which conditions literacy arose and grew, and finally disappeared, in non-classical languages of antiquity. Where possible, the Celtic languages are viewed against an early Germanic background, to highlight similarities and parallels between the two philological areas, but also to contrast the differences between them and to give an account of where and when opportunities of literate interaction may have arisen between the two groups. These zones of potential interaction, as well as uncommon shapes of letters in some Celtic writing systems, are of relevance for the concluding section where observations from a Celtologist's point of view will be made that may have a bearing on the origins of Runic writing.


The primary purpose of this workshop was to bring together nationally and internationally recognized subject matter experts to collaborate, identify and prioritize specific research needs to facilitate the reduction of highway-rail grade crossing and trespass incidents and fatalities for incorporation into the strategic vision of Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), other United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) modes and their stakeholders. There were approximately 90 participants, including support staff, over the two-and-a-half day workshop, representing the Federal, State, and local governments, as well as railroads, transit agencies, labor unions, academia, non-profit organizations, and consultants. The Research Needs Workshop was organized into six research needs areas and four cross-cutting areas by the steering committee's recommendation. The research needs areas were: Grade Crossing Modernization, Traffic Patterns, New Technology Opportunities, Regulation and Enforcement, Education and Public Awareness and Institutional Issues. The four cross-cutting areas were Human Factors, Transit-Oriented Communities, Data Requirements and Efforts Related to High Speed Rail. This document provides the supporting and ancillary information to the Proceedings report (in Volume I) including presentations and all generated research needs.


In this paper on the basis of vast materials from the central state archives the part of the CPSU Central Committee Department of Culture in official policy in art in late 1960-s early 1980-s is highlighted. This Department's role and functions in the Soviet political system are defined, the essence of new style in the activities of the party and state officers at the late Soviet epoch is discovered by means of investigating practices of power influence on the artistic intelligentsis.


AIRIX is a linear accelerator dedicated to X-ray flash radiography at CEA's hydrotest facility. It has been designed to generate an intense X-ray pulse using a 2 kA, 19 MeV and 60 ns electron beam. Figure 1: AIRIX accelerator The electron beam transport in the accelerator is insured by the knowledge of the dynamic and dimensional characteristics of the beam created downstream the injector. These characteristics are assessed from a measurement chain, established by adapted optics and an intensified camera, aiming at observing the Cerenkov radiation produced during the interaction of electrons with a mylar target placed in the beam. This paper deals with the characterization, and comparison with the previous model, of a new intensified camera which was experimentally tested on AIRIX during an injector characterization campaign. This allowed to define profile and emittance beam characteristics. The obtained results are promising and revealed very interesting properties in particular in term of dynamic, temporal resolution, linearity and signal-to-noise ratio. INTENSIFIED CAMERAS THEORETICAL CHARACTERIZATION This characterization was achieved in laboratory, both on the intensified camera PROXITRONIC (NANOCAM HF4-S-5N model) currently set up on AIRIX, and on the new PRINCETON camera (PIMAX3 model). Table 1: General characteristics Parameters PROXITRONIC PRINCETON


According to the data of business surveys of the Gaidar Institute1, the beginning of Q4 is estimated by enterprises as much positive as the end of Q3. Good dynamics of demand and effi cient control over stocks of fi nished products permitted the industry to underpin growth in production in October, as well. The pattern of limitation of output justifies positive estimates of the situation, but already points to pressing resource limitations of which personnel shortages and a lack of working assets are the most large-scale ones.


"Preparation for ceasing to be looked after 34A.—(1) Where a child is being looked after by an authority, the authority shall advise, assist and befriend him with a view to promoting his welfare when the authority has ceased to look after him. (2) Where a child who is being looked after by an authority is an eligible child, the authority shall have the following additional duties in relation to him. (3) In paragraph (2) "eligible child" means, subject to paragraph (4), a child who— (a) is aged 16 or 17; and (b) has been looked after by an authority for a prescribed period, or periods amounting in all to a prescribed period, which began after he reached a prescribed age and ended after he reached the age of 16. (4) The Department may prescribe—


When developing an index for a similarity search in metric spaces, how to divide the space for effective search pruning is a fundamental issue. We present Maximal Metric Margin Partitioning (MMMP), a partitioning scheme for similarity search indexes. MMMP divides the data based on its distribution pattern, especially for the boundaries of clusters. A partitioning boundary created by MMMP is likely to be located in a sparse area between clusters. Moreover, the partitioning boundary is at maximum distances from the two cluster edges. We also present an indexing scheme, named the MMMP-Index, which uses MMMP and pivot filtering. The MMMP-Index can prune many objects that are not relevant to a query, and it reduces the query execution cost. Our experimental results show that MMMP effectively indexes clustered data and reduces the search cost. For clustered data in a vector space, the MMMP-Index reduces the computational cost to less than two thirds that of comparable schemes.


The present invention relates to a device and a method of operation using the flash memory as a storage, and more particularly to a device using a flash memory to provide an architecture optimized for flash memory combines the FTL as a database in the storage and that It relates to a method of operation. Device using a flash memory according to an embodiment of the invention the storage is provided in the flash memory, the device driver managing a mapping table between the logical address and a physical address corresponding to the data operation in the flash memory, and the device driver to request the mapping table via the interface to a control unit for performing data recovery of the flash memory. Flash memory, FTL, database


The aim of this article is to reveal the production process behind unethical and illegal advertorials — to uncover its main actors, their motives, and responses to this practice. The study combines participant observation and interviews with the main participants in the production of texts which appear in an identical form to journalistic text, yet are commercial messages. The analysis showed that the key actors are advertisers, as they are the initiators of the practice; they define the content and the form of publication to achieve commercial benefit. Both marketing agents and journalists/editors are more or less subordinate to them at all stages of the production. The analysis also revealed that relations between the main actors in the advertorial production process are predominately negative, even antagonistic, although members of a specific group, especially journalists and editors, do not share a homogenous view towards other actors or the advertorial practice itself.


In order to elucidate the mechanism of blood pressure control system on patients with essential hypertension (EH), postprandial changes of blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR), blood sugar (BS), serum insulin (IRI) , plasma norepinephrine (PNE) and renin activity (PRA) were investigated in 60 patients with EH, who were divided into following two groups: 1) 37 EH patients without diabetes mellitus (HN), and 2) 23 EH patients with diabetes mellitus (HD). Twenty-four healthy volunteers (NN) and 13 normotensive diabetic patients (ND) underwent the same study as the EH patients. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased in all groups after ingestion of the test meal, and the postprandial decrease in BP tended to be greater in HN and in HD compaired to their normotensive control groups (NN and ND, respectively). Prolonged hypotensive response to ingestion of the test meal was observed in hypertensive groups (HN and HD). The change in BP after ingestion of the test meal appears to be affected by aging, because the decrease in BP after ingestion of the test meal in elder subjects was greater than that in younger subjects. The decrease in BP induced by the test meal was not associated with the increase in IRI in any group. The maximum increase in PNE, PRA and IRI was followed by a maximum decrease in BP. Ingestion of the test meal induced a significant increase in PNE in two normotensive groups (NN and ND) and in HN, but not in HD. A postprandial increase in PNE was associated with an increase in IRI. Postprandial change in BP was negatively correlated to the change in PNE. An increase in PRA after ingestion of the test meal was observed only in NN. The increase in PRA was accompanied by an increase in IRI. These results suggest that the splanchnic blood pooling after ingestion of the test meal may be important for the postprandial decreases in BP, and that activation of the sympathetic nervous system as well as the reninangiotensin system, which is probably triggered by baroreceptor stimulation and an increase in circulatory insulin, may play a crucial role in recovery of postprandial decrease in BP. It is possible that an enhanced and prolonged decrease in BP observed in older patients with EH, especially those with diabetes mellitus and hypertension may be attributed to the age-related impairment of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system.


This paper presents the investigation of fluctuating pixels resulting from the random telegraph signal (R.T.S) of the source-follower transistor. The work takes into account the impact of the source-follower noise power spectral density (P.S.D) dispersion through correlated double sampling (C.D.S) readout circuit used in CMOS active pixel image sensors. The results allow the determination of the output r.m.s noise versus R.T.S noise characteristics. The distinctiveness of the observed flickering pixels is discussed in detail and the proposed mechanisms behind the phenomena are viewed in light of the collected data. We show that R.T.S noise main parameters dispersion of the source-follower transistor is a major factor influencing the circuit output r.m.s noise value distribution in a pixel array. Results are compared with experimental data


The utility model relates to a reusable spray-painting material. The technical problem that waste is caused when the service life of the material does not expire but the material cannot be stored in the using process of the spray-painting material. The reusable spray-painting material comprises a printing base material layer, a movable glue layer and a bottom covering layer, wherein the printing base material layer is a selected PE, PVC or TPU film, the movable glue layer is a pressure-sensitive adhesive, and the bottom covering layer is formed by bonding two release material layers through an adhesive.


A study carried out to compare the efficacy of econazole nitrate and nystatin in the treatment of vaginal candidosis showed that a three-day course of econazole nitrate pessaries was as effective as a 14-day course of nystatin pessaries and is more acceptable to patients.


Even though e-commerce business grows rapidly, still building customer trust on e-commerce becomes more difficult than building customer trust on physical store. This study aims to identify factors that influence customer trust on e-commerce, to compare how important those factors in influencing customer trust and furthermore, to assess how important customer trust for purchase and word of mouth intention. This study combines TOE (Technology, Organizational and Environment) and TPE (Technology, Personal and Environment) framework as reference models used in hypotheses modeling. This research uses quantitative study by conducting survey and accordingly distributing questionnaires to e-commerce users, thus obtaining 151 respondents. The result of this study showed the most essential factors that influence customer trust on e-commerce are web quality and vendor image. This study also revealed that customer trust has positive and significant impact to customer intention to purchase and word of mouth intention.


In this study we obtained further data on the breeding bird communities of "Monte Soratte" nature reserve (Latium, central Italy). We sampled 55 breeding species (49 during the standard sampling with point counts) in four habitat types (Quercus ilex oak woods, landscape mosaics, urban habitats and wet habitat mosaics along the Tiber river). Landscape mosaics and wet mosaics along the Tiber river showed higher values both of richness (also normalizing with the Margalef index) and Shannon diversity when compared to the other habitat types. Bird community in urban habitats showed a high mean species richness but a low β-diversity index, probably due to low spatial heterogeneity. The values of mean species richness are not significantly different among habitat types. Further research should be promoted to confirm the nesting of some species, yet observed in this area (e.g., Falco peregrinus, Phylloscopus bonelli). "Monte Soratte" nature reserve may represent a stop-over site and a foraging area for migrant raptors of conservation concern (e.g., for Circaetus gallicus).


Vibration environment is one of most important environmental factor that may cause product failure. The simulation of vibration environment in laboratory is very necessary. This paper describes a vibration controller that can simulate vibration on electro-dynamic and hydraulic shakers. The vibration is generated according to the test profile by electromagnetic or hydraulic shaker. The test profile is defined in shock waveform, random PSD, sine, or sine on random. The controller is a computer-aided-test system. By compensating the dynamic behavior of the shaker system, fixture and test items, it can replica vibration environment to meet the demand of test profile. The control strategy and software implementation of the controller are presented in this paper.


ment of Labor, was published in September 1963 and contained information collected on a visit by several American state employment service directors. This second report follows Green's own visit to Great Britain, France, Netherlands, West Germany, Sweden, and Yugoslavia. The result is a notebook of material assembled from official sources and conversations with officials at the national and local levels which points up administrative practices worthy of more detailed study and consideration by the United States and particularly the New York State Employment Service. The report, which is essentially descriptive, contains no analysis or any truly independent judgments. Reliance on official statements leads to the odd result that the country chapter with the greatest number of critical comments is Sweden. On reading the British chapter one could hardly anticipate the flood of current reforms, inquiries initiated to make improvements, and the basic criticisms voiced by many groups. For that matter, the shortcomings in the Netherland's system (reported by an OECD examining team, released after the author's tour, and reflected in the conclusions of the Manpower and Social Affairs Committee's report on this country's system of manpower and social policy) could hardly have been foreseen when completing the chapter on this country. The French employment service is, as the author indicates and which is commonly agreed to, in need of far-reaching improvements. Yugoslavia is currently revamping its system. Hopefully, reports on the manpower and social policies and programs conducted by the OECD Manpower and Social Affairs Committee for its member countries will keep public knowledge abreast of changes in the quality of the national programs through more precise tests than are provided in this book. The report points out a diversity in practices in several fields, such as the form of organization (tripartite or governmental administrative bodies), and outlines the differences in attitudes toward psychological testing, the proper place for vocational guidance, employment placement for youth, and other items. But we are not assisted in evaluating the advantages or disadvantages of the respective arrangements or practices. The author uses the measure of national placement penetration as a test of the effectiveness of the individual national service without reviewing the soundness of the methods of calculation, the comparability of the methods or their reliability. One can sympathize with the author's dilemma, since he truly desired to reach conclusions; and it was impossible to obtain dependable and camparable findings from the data currently available. This field of comparative international research has been handicapped by the absence of a system for study and measurement of the relevance of functions and effectiveness of performance. Most studies have been descriptive rather than analytical. They have been national in character and have found little need for defining assumptions or making explicit all procedural arrangements or examining results. This task lies ahead of the investigators and is a fitting responsibility for international agencies. Solomon Barkin Head Social Affairs Division Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Paris


Background: The study was performed to investigate the effects of morphine dependency and morphine withdrawal on the reproductive system of adult male rat(Wistar).  Methods: 32 adult male rat divided into 5 groups. Animals in the control group (n=8) received normal saline (1ml/kg) twice daily subcutaneously for 30 consecutive days. Animals in dependent group (n=8) received morphine (10mg/ml/kg). In 2 other groups (n=4) withdrawal syndrome signs were evaluated with naloxone injection (4mg/kg). Receiving morphine for 30 days, animals of the withdrawal group (n=8) didn't receive any drug for 14 consecutive days (spontaneous withdrawal). Results: The data showed that in the morphine dependent animals serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone as well as partial weights of prostates and seminal vesicles, weights of prostates and seminal vesicles, and seminal vesicles contents reduced as compared with control group (p<0.05). In the withdrawal group seminal vesicles contents were lower than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that morphine dependency influence the sex hormone concentrations in serum and reproductive system and may cause reduction in fertility and libido decline in men.


Context: The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is around 1 in 59, more than 2 million people indentified with ASD in India. Yet, the knowledge about ASD and proven therapeutic cures of the condition are limited. Methods and Material: Brief literature survey identified the genetic, neurobiological background, clinical presentation and diagnostic features of ASD. In addition, scientific evidences and effectiveness on the curability of the ASD with the system of homoeopathy investigated. Results: 250 reportorial rubrics and more than 50 proven homoeopathic remedies identified and discussed. However, the existing controversy against the effectiveness homoeopathy, the curability of ASD with the individualized homoeopathic remedies for varied autistic features at the appropriate period has positive outcome.


We provide a probabilistic proof of a well known connection between a special case of
the Allen-Cahn equation and mean curvature flow. We then prove a corresponding
result for scaling limits of the spatial Λ-Fleming-Viot process with selection, in which
the selection mechanism is chosen to model what are known in population genetics
as hybrid zones. Our proofs will exploit a duality with a system of branching (and
coalescing) random walkers which is of some interest in its own right.


The slope model is established by Geo-Studio, and the deformation characteristics and stability of structural-soil slope in Zhanjiang area under different rainfall patterns are analyzed. The MK model was used basing on Morgenstern-price method. By setting monitoring points at the top, toe and slope surface of the slope, the variation rule of pore water pressure and displacement at the monitoring points under the four types of rainfall are gotten, and the shapes of different types of sliding surfaces are obtained. By the analysis of the most dangerous sliding surfaces, some suggestions are put forward. Those have important reference value for prevention or controlling the geological disasters such as landslides in Zhanjiang area.


Clinical findings : A 10-years-old male. For tow weeks prior to admission he had a cold and sore throat with a temperature of 39°C. Nine days later he noted painful swelling of extremital joints and a rash over both legs and face. This was followed by vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, edema, and origuria. On admission edema was found on the face, hands, and legs. The throat appcraed normal. No abnormality of the heart was apparent. There was painful swelling of almost all joints of the extremities and numerous petechiae were scattered over the extremities and face, in places so extensive. Initial laboratory studies revealed ; moderate anaemia, a slight leucocytosis (12,600) with a normal differential count. Sternal 'puncture was normal, and platelet count was normal (390,000). Rumpel-Leede's test was positive. Bleeding time was slightly, prolonged but the coagulation time was normal. The blood nitrogen was 123.5mg' per lOOcc. There was a slight gamma-globulinaemia, albuminuria and haematuria. Test of occult blood in the stool was positive. He was treated with blood transfusion, penicillin, and predonin, etc, but the these symptoms were not improved. He died of dyspnea after 31 days from the beginning of initial symptoms. Autopsy (No. 281) was performed 10 hours after exitus. Grossly, numerous petechiae and ecchymoses were seen over the extremities and face. They were especially extensive or confluent surrounding the joints. The color of the rash was purple red or dark brown. The swelling of joint was not found. The intestinal tract presented numerous discrete haemorrhagic patches and ulcers in its mucosal wall, and the terminal portion of ileum was thus extensively and confluently affected. These lesions were found along the wall from the duodenum to rectum. Each kidney weighed 200 gm. The capsule stripped with slight difficulty, and the externaI surface was not granular. The cut surface was paler than usual and cloudy. There were haemorrhagic patches over the pelvic mucosa. The mesenteric lymph nodes were slightly swollen. Subpleural haemorrhagic patches were seen over both lungs, and they were also found in the cut surface. There The sedimentation rate was 34mm. in 1 hour. The blood pressure rose to 156/70.


The aim of this study was to determine the influence of heat treatment on the microstructure of single-crystal nickel-based alloy manufactured by selective laser melting with a high-temperature substrate preheating. The change of gamma/gamma prime -phases ratio was established as a result of various heat treatment modes.


We present the XMM-Newton spectra of three low-redshift intermediate Seyferts (one S y1.5, and two Sy1.8), from our survey of hard spectrum Rosat sources. The three AGN are well fitted by absorbed powerlaws, with intrinsic nuclear photo- electric absorption from column densities between 1.3 and 4.0×10 21 cm −2 . In the brightest object the X-ray spectrum is good enough to show that the absorber is not significantly ionized . For all three objects the powerlaw slopes appear to be somewhat flatter ( ∼ 1.3− 1.6) than those found in typical unabsorbed Seyferts. The constraints from optical and X-ray emission lines imply that all three objects are Compton-thin. For the two fainter objects, the reddening deduced from the optical broad emis- sion lines in one of them, and the optical continuum in the other, are similar to those expected from the X-ray absorption, if we assume a Galactic gas-to-dust ratio and reddening curve. The broad line region Balmer decrement of our brightest object is larger than expected from its X-ray absorption, which can be explained either by an intrinsic Balmer decrement with standard gas-to-dust ratio, or by a>Galactic gas-to-dust ratio. These≥ Galactic ratios of extinction to photoelectric absorption cannot ex- tend to the high redshift, high luminosity, broad line AGN in our sample, because they have column densities> 10 22 cm −2 , and so their broad line regions would be totally obscured. This means that some effect (e.g., luminosity dependence, or evolution) needs to be present in order to explain the whole population of absorbed AGN.


Method for controlling the drive of a drive motor (26) and a controllable with respect to its output frequency inverter (42) having, between a load operation and a no-load operation switchable conveyor in the form of an escalator (10) or a moving walkway, wherein: the drive motor (26) in load operation with a mains voltage of a mains frequency (fmains) and in the no-load operation with an output voltage of the frequency converter (42) is fed; the drive motor (26) before a switching between power supply and frequency converter for a predetermined Stromloszeitdauer (Δti) is operated without power, the line voltage and the inverter output voltage are compared in frequency and phase position; a Betriebsartenumschaltbedarf is signaled by means of a transport signal transmitter (48); in which a regulation of the output frequency of the inverter (42) to a predetermined frequency spacing (Δfup, Δfdown) relative to the mains frequency (fmains) is carried out, and at the timing (t1, t4) after the signaling an Betriebsartenumschaltbedarfs to which the output frequency of the frequency converter (42) both said predetermined frequency distance (Δfup, Δfdown) to the mains frequency ...


This best practice guidance page outlines ways to support children and young people who suffer from panic attacks. Guidance is provided for the support of children through general information, details of how to contact specialists and what you can...


ABSTRACT Surrogate indicators are meant to be alternatives or complements of safety analyses based on accident records. These indicators are used to study critical traffic events that occur more frequently, making such incidents easier to analyse. This article provides an overview of existing surrogate indicators and specifically focuses on their merit for the analyses of vulnerable road users and the extent to which they have been validated by previous research. Each indicator is evaluated based on its ability to consider the collision risk, which can be further divided into the initial conditions of an event, the magnitude of any evasive action and the injury risk in any traffic event. The results show that various indicators and their combinations can reflect different aspects of any traffic event. However, no existing indicator seems to capture all aspects. Various studies have also focused on the validity of different indicators. However, due to the use of diverse approaches to validation, the large difference in how many locations were investigated and variations in the duration of observation at each location, it is difficult to compare and discuss the validity of the different surrogate safety indicators. Since no current indicator can properly reflect all the important aspects underlined in this article, the authors suggest that the choice of a suitable indicator in future surrogate safety studies should be made with considerations of the context-dependent suitability of the respective indicator.


Increasing efficiency and reducing human errors are two crucial steps in automation for all sectors of industry. In industries, the job pieces of various size will be moved on the same belt. This must be separated in various locations within the manufacturing line. Once the products are produced, they must move automatically on to the conveyor belts. The work pieces of different sizes will be detected by the sensors that are stored in different locations. This system ensures the quality and quantity of the product being conveyed from one system to another. Conveyors that produce one type of object or product can monitor only one product at a time. If more products need to be monitored, a new system should be developed. Wireless control of the machine plays a very important role that's to scale back the manual work and save funds for the enterprise. It can reduce and conserve energy and power by automatically turning on and off the belt using sensors. The precision is often improved if these sensors are controlled by machine learning based algorithm. The proposed method offers accurate result to the belt. Test result shows that the energy saved is 13% higher than the conventional method.


This study intended to identify the values underlying care for victims in the ambulance service and get to know ethical aspects in caring for victims, in order to guide nurses in their care. Thirteen nurses were interviewed and Bardin's analysis was used. The issues discussed were: recognizing intrinsic values in humane care; caring for the victim and family; ethical reflections on caring for the victims; care with the work team and relationship between professional training and healthcare. The results showed that ethics as an instrument in care affects the quality of the care.


This paper addresses the challenge of minimizing training time for the control of Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning (HVAC) systems with online Reinforcement Learning (RL). This is done by developing a novel approach to Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) to HVAC systems. In this paper, the environment formed by the HVAC system is formulated as a Markov Game (MG) in a general sum setting. The MARL algorithm is designed in a decentralized structure, where only relevant states are shared between agents, and actions are shared in a sequence, which are sensible from a system's point of view. The simulation environment is a domestic house located in Denmark and designed to resemble an average house. The heat source in the house is an air-to-water heat pump, and the HVAC system is an Underfloor Heating system (UFH). The house is subjected to weather changes from a data set collected in Copenhagen in 2006, spanning the entire year except for June, July, and August, where heat is not required. It is shown that: (1) When comparing Single Agent Reinforcement Learning (SARL) and MARL, training time can be reduced by 70% for a four temperature-zone UFH system, (2) the agent can learn and generalize over seasons, (3) the cost of heating can be reduced by 19% or the equivalent to 750 kWh of electric energy per year for an average Danish domestic house compared to a traditional control method, and (4) oscillations in the room temperature can be reduced by 40% when comparing the RL control methods with a traditional control method.


. Loch Lomond, one of the few British strongholds of the powan, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), has recently been colonized by the ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus (L.). The ruffe are now widespread, abundant and one of the commonest fish in Loch Lomond. Analysis of the gut contents of these fish caught on powan spawning grounds in Loch Lomond showed that they, as well as native brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and powan themselves, prey upon powan ova. Ruffe maintained a high winter feeding rate compared with powan and trout and fed on a broad range of benthic prey, of which powan ova formed the greatest biomass (84% of total diet) and dominated the diet numerically (57% of prey items). The observed incidence of powan ova consumption by ruffe was significantly greater than that of both brown trout and powan (P <0·001).


Since the sieve tubes of the functioning phloem of sour orange stock of sweet orange
 trees become necrotic when the tree is affected by quick decline, the condition of
 the functioning phloem of the trunk of the healthy sour orange, both as a rootstock
 and as a seedling tree, especially in winter, was investigated.
 Throughout the winter months trunks of healthy sour orange trees, and of sour orange
 rootstock under sweet orange tops, maintained a band of functioning phloem averaging
 about 500 microns in width. A ring of degenerating phloem external to this was either
 absent or as much as 100 microns wide. Occasionally, there were abnormally wide bands
 of degenerating phloem or bands of necrotic sieve tubes within the functioning phloem.


SCREENING CHOLESTEROL, GLUCOSE AND URIC ACID IN VILAGE GLAGAHHARJO, SUB-DISTRICT CANGKRINGAN DAN DISTRICT SLEMAN. Glucose, cholesterol and uric acid increasing every years especially elderly. Prevalence in Asia highest Marshall Islands 85% and Indonesia 18%. Elderly increase from 841 million in 2013 to more than 2 billion in 2050. The paper objective to screening risk factors for elderly in Sleman district. Population study is elderly under Cangkringan center health service age 50 - 95. Sample was required 49 elderly. Blood sample 5 ml with aseptic with parameter by Easy Touch GCU. Data were analyzed by SPSS versi 20 with statistic test linear regression with 95% Confidence interval. Mean of age 64,82 years old, body weigh 51,83 kilo, systole blood pressure 155,08 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 84,98 mmHg, cholesterol 204,67 mg/dl, uric acid 5,463 mg/dl.Key word: blood pressure, cholesterol, elderly


One of the most promising technologies for the fabrication of high-Tc cables is the ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) technique. The performance of the superconductors fabricated by IBAD, and the fabrication costs, are to a great extent determined by the critical current densities of the superconductors' grain boundaries. Since, in bicrystalline samples, overdoping has been found to improve the transport properties of grain boundaries in high-Tc superconductors, we have explored whether overdoping also enhances the critical currents of IBAD samples. The measurements show that, depending on the critical current density of the superconducting film, Jc (77 K) is increased by factors up to 2.2, also in applied magnetic fields of several tesla.


The analytical method of inverse problems can be used to general nonlinear systems.However,its requirement of precise analytic model limits its application to real industrial plants.By using RBF networks as the inverse model controller to get a pseudo\|linear system a control strategy which can attain high dynamic performance is proposed in this paper.The transform function of a Butterworth filter is used to be the transform function of the pseudo\|linear system.Simulation studied demonstrated its advantages.


Objective To understand the status of life quality of inpatients with type 2 diabetes, and to analyze its influential factors. Methods 145 inpatients with T2DM collected form a Class 3A general hospital of An-hui province during March to May of 2009 were investigated by questionnaires with DSQL, SSRS, SAS, SDS. Results The total scores of QOL was (60.62 ± 13.86) points, physical function dimension(26.39 ± 7.51) points, the psychological dimension(20.67 ± 5.10) points, the dimension of social relations (7.17 ± 2.66) points, the treatment of dimensions (6.39 ± 1.89) points. The results of t test and one-way ANOVA showed that the quality of life in patients changed with factors of age and complications. Simple correlation analysis showed that the quality of life of inpatients was significantly related with the social support, anxiety and depression (r=-0.059~0.535, all P0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that the factors which affected the QOL of inpatients included the course of disease, complications, anxiety (SAS score), dumps (SDS score) and subjective supporting degree. Conclusion Type 2 diabetes patients should pay attention to the complication controlling, exercise strengthening and weight controlling, especially to the old who have long course of the disease. We should establish and improve a system of patient's social support.


The curriculum construction is the key problem needs to solve urgently to improve the quality of the jail police educating and training.It is based on conducting the training system with position-keeping remaining dominant,and emphasized on curriculum construction with the duty-oriented standard as well.What's more,high-qualitied teachers and the curriculum construct complement each other,which guarantees to improve the quality of educating and training.


Ten polymorphic microsatellites were isolated from Ononis repens, using a microsatellite enrichment protocol and selective hybridization with a mixed synthetic dinucleotide repeat probe. Primers for DNA amplifications using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were designed and synthesized. The loci amplified in both O. repens and O. spinosa. All 10 loci were polymorphic in each of four populations studied. These microsatellite markers will be useful for population genetic analysis and biodiversity studies of O. repens and O. spinosa.


Summary. The paper attempts to assess the utility of sound pressure level registered in the near field of about 0,01 m away from the vibrating surface in the studies of the housing vibroacoustic activity. Based on the studies performed for the four pairs of wheels, with different loads and different speeds of gearbox, have been indicated the usefulness of the noise recorded in near field in vibroacoustic analysis.


Abstract Research that examines the impact of economic, social, and political factors on political corruption uses expert' and citizen' perceptions for measuring corruption and testing arguments. Scholars argue that the perception of corruption is a good proxy for actual corruption because data on actual corruption are limited and not entirely trustworthy. However, perception indexes do not allow for testing separate mechanisms driving citizen' perceptions of corruption from actual levels of corruption in different government branches. To address this issue, I introduce a new index based on Latin American countries to measure the risk of corruption in political parties. Using a de jure analysis of laws and regulations, the Risk of Corruption (ROC) index evaluates the likelihood of political parties engaging in corrupt activities. Instead of measuring corrupt activities or perception directly, the ROC measures the risks of involving in corruption. The index has important implications for academics and practitioners in anti-corruption issues. First, it allows us to test arguments about the role of political parties and legislatures in reducing political corruption. Second, it helps to understand how political parties could improve their internal organization to decrease the risk of corrupt activities. Finally, it is a valuable instrument for cross-national studies in diverse fields that study political parties.


Considering the various influencing factors of soil and water erosion in Lake Dianchi Basin, evaluation indices of soil and water erosion involving the fractal dimension of drainage network, the fractal dimension of terrain, elevation and slope are determined. The weight values of evaluation indices are given and the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model is established on the basis of the fuzzy mathematics and information diffusion principles. As a case study, the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model is applied to quantitatively evaluate soil and water erosion of Lake Dianchi Basin. The results show that the grade of soil and water erosion is at the secondary level and the indicator value of comprehensive evaluation indicator of soil and water erosion is 1.45 in Lake Dianchi Basin. The assessment results are in good agreement with the results of previous studies. The result indicates that the method is valid and evaluation system established is reasonable, and the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model can be regarded as a reference model for the quantitative evaluation of soil and water erosion.


The paper is aimed to examinethe role Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS)measures play inquality upgrading of China's imported agricultural products.Based on export data to China from UN Comtrade on agricultural products on the HS6-digit level from 156 countries in 2002-2017, this paper employed Proximity-to-the-Frontier Modelto discover the upgrading effect SPS measures haveafter measuring the qualitywith Nested Logit Model. The study foundthatimplementingSPS measures exertsa long-term positive effect on quality upgrading.Particularly,SPS measures tend todiscouragebulk agricultural products close toworld frontierfrom innovation andquality upgrading,exhibiting a more pronounced opposite of the escape-competitioneffect.Therefore, it is recommended thatChinese quarantine and market supervisiondepartments shouldlearn from the inspection processes of developed countries in relation to agricultural products and appropriately refine SPS measures to improve the quality of agricultural importsfor the health and safety of domestic consumers.


Identifying the landscape and climate factors that control nutrient export by rivers in high latitude regions is one of the main challenges for understanding the Arctic Ocean response to ongoing cl ...


In this paper, we consider the problem of target tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in the presence of malicious sensors. These malicious sensors, called Byzantines, send falsified information to the fusion center. We analyze the effect of false information from the Byzantines on target state estimation. We analytically obtain the minimum fraction of Byzantines that `blinds' the fusion center, i.e., that makes the local sensor data useless to the fusion center. We also propose a dynamic non-identical quantizer design to reduce the effect of Byzantines on tracking performance. We show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme with simulation results.


In this paper we compare periods of low-paid employment between urban and rural areas in the United Kingdom. Using the British household panel survey, we estimate the probability that a period of low-paid employment will end, followed by a number of possible outcomes, namely a higher-paid job, self-employment, unemployment, and leaving the labour force. The results show that there are statistically significant differences in the dynamics of low pay across urban and rural labour markets, particularly in terms of exits to higher pay and out of the labour force. After controlling for different personal and job characteristics across markets, urban low-pay durations are somewhat shorter on average, with a higher probability of movement to a higher-paid job. The results suggest that any urban–rural differences in the typical low-pay experience are concentrated among certain types of individuals, such as young workers and women without qualifications.


Third generation mobile systems as typified by UMTS and FPLMTS will have an integrated satellite component. This paper discusses some of the issues which must be addressed in such integration in a global multi-operator environment having a wide variety of regulatory regimes.<<ETX>>


Design is a kind of creative activity. What matters to design is not knowledge of the designers, but his creativity of the designers. The growth and exertion of the creativity depends on radiation and convergence of the sense of creativity. Design educators should transform the method of focusing on skills training of the students to the one of focusing on cultivation of the sense of creativity. This method should be employed into every stage of design education.


This discourse draws on the findings from a control program that studied the growth of indigenous children. This paper supports the view that indigenous people need professionals and institutions to play clear roles in the development and protection of indigenous cultures. Indigenous people also need to adopt clear roles in dealing with social and environmental change. The discussion focuses on the 2% of Colombias population (600000 people) that are indigenous. Indigenous people in Colombia are represented in government forums and in development programs by national and regional organizations. There are a variety of social economic and political development levels in Colombias regions. In Vichada where 60% of total population is indigenous commercial activity has occurred primarily among the nonindigenous population. Horticulture has been intensified with the use of large quantities of insecticides and fertilizers. The anthropometric study of 46 indigenous communities belonging to five different ethnic groups reveals that subsistence activities are being replaced with other income generation activities. The tendency is to shift production of all crop land to single crop plots. The result is that families have reduced vitamin and vegetable protein intake. Families that substitute fishing for farming may have little food upon their return to their communities. Children have growth problems and the families may suffer other hardships of survival. Food in the Orinoco and Amazon basin communities serves as a means of social solidarity. Family grown food is exchanged within the family network. When traditional subsistence food is sold instead of exchanged diets suffer. When husbands leave for paid work wives are marginalized. Many communities are experiencing increased numbers of teenaged mothers with children who are not supported by traditional family structures. Findings indicate that indigenous communities need money but male income generation damages cultural systems that affect social solidarity complementary male and female roles soil conservation and the quality of life of women and children.


Abstract : Capacitor dielectrics that can operate above 150 deg C are needed for power electronics in military propulsion and weapons systems. This report characterized and compares two high temperature polymer film capacitor candidates, poly(ether imide) (PEI) and poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), with poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), which offer limited performance at high temperature. Breakdown strength at room temperature was about 320 MV/m for PEEK, 500 MV/m for PPS and PEI, and 720 MV/m for BOPP. At 150 deg C, breakdown strength for PEI decreased about 16% and about 13% for PEEK, while PPS remained unchanged. BOPP's maximum test temperature was 100 deg C, at which breakdown strength decreased by about 11%. Dielectric loss measurements suggest PPS has greater electrical conductivity at 200 deg C than PEEK or PEI, and PEI has a lower loss than PEEK at temperatures above 150 deg C and frequencies higher than 1 kHz. The low E-field conductivity for PPS was 6.90x10(-14) S/m at 165 deg C and 1.72x10(-11) S/m at 200 deg C; the manufacturer listed room temperature conductivity as 2x10(-16) S/m. The effect of conductivity on the temperature rise of the capacitors was analyzed. More measurements are needed to determine the conductivity of PEEK and PEI. Based on the measured data for breakdown strength and dielectric properties, PEI appears to be the better candidate.


Abstract The authors studied angiographically the changes caused by surgical occlusion of the common carotid performed 32 times for treatment of intracranial aneurysm. The changes include: reduction in pressure and flow within the internal carotid with reduction in aneurysm size; thrombosis of the aneurysm; reversed flow in the internal carotid; re-establishment of flow through the site of occlusion; excessive collateral circulation negating the effect of occlusion; complete thrombosis of the carotid; aneurysm formation at the site of Ugation or in the contralateral carotid; infection at the site of ligation. The angiographic technique is described.


In this paper, an optical network model is presented where ISI is reduced considerably. The input to the network is optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OOFDM) signal. Optimization of all optical components in the network is done to reconfigure the bandwidth, to minimize the bit error rate (BER). While modeling, the advantages and disadvantages of OFDM system are considered to ensure minimum distortion. The transmitter in the proposed model consists of 16Laser sources with frequency ranging from 193.035 THz to 193.785 THz; the channel spacing is set to 50 GHz. The optical signal is launched onto a 200 km fiber link. Along the fiber link, after 100 km, a 4channel optical add drop multiplexer (OADM) is used to select and to add channels. The dropped channels are detected by the receiver with an appropriate electrical filtering. Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is being used in the link. All three types of compensation techniques such as pre post and symmetric using dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) is employed to enhance the network performance.


Present study deals with taxonomical and biochemical studies of nematode parasite Camallanus jadhavii (Jadhav and Khadap, 2003) Pathan et.al., 2011 parasitic in Wallago attu (Bleeker, 1857). The normal intestinal tissue contains more glycogen (31.54 mg / 100 mg), protein (29.28 mg / 100 mg) and lipids (22.40 mg / 100 mg) as compared to infected intestinal tissue (29.12 mg / 100 mg, 28.02 mg / 100mg and 20.16 mg / 100 mg), whereas low biochemical content in nematode parasite Camallanus jadhavii (27.38 mg / 100 mg, 24.80 mg / 100 mg and 18.46 mg / 100 mg. Intestinal parasites were capable of extracting nutritious materials from their host and thus represented a high level in glycogen, protein and lipid.


This article describes the present status of NTT's joint utilization tests of multimedia communications by presenting several examples of projects now under way. It also analyzes the overall trends observed in these projects at the test planning stage and discusses various problems currently being encountered in trying to advance the experiments.


A transport system for thymine was investigated in a Lactobacillus casei mutant lacking thymidine phosphorylase activity (the first enzyme required for thymine utilization). Transport was dependent on an energy supply; transport was inhibited by the uncouplers carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP), and also by sodium azide and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). Thymine transport was inhibited by some uracil and adenosine derivatives and by thymidine, but was not affected by guanosine, deoxycytidine or azacytidine. Inhibition by p-chloromercurybenzoate (PCMB) was reversed by dithiothreitol (DTT).


The present invention is low because the short-circuit defect is applied do the electrical stress, such as the electrostatic charge from the manufacturing process, not cause characteristic variations, there is provided a thin film transistor matrix device and its manufacturing method which can be produced in a high yield. The edges of the gates of the thin film transistor on a transparent insulating substrate 10 is commonly connected to the gate bus line 14 and the thin film, and the drain bus line 16 to the common connection of the drain of the transistor is laid out is present, the transparent insulating substrate 10, which gate bus lines are 14, the external terminals 30 are formed relative to an end the external terminals 20 are formed, to contact the end of the drain bus line 16 of the. Drain connected to the common connection of the external terminals 20 and 30, gate bus line 14 is commonly connected to a gate connection for the wiring 24 and the drain bus line 16 to the area of the inside with respect to the wiring 34 is formed have.


There has been increasing evidence that hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia and other metabolic abnormalities may occur in the severe end of the spectrum of type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). An increase in alpha cell number in pancreatic islet composition has been described in SMA knockout mice and in patients with type 1 SMA.1

Recent care recommendations suggest that prolonged fasting should be avoided in order to prevent the risk of hypoglycaemia.2 Type 1 children are often underweight, have a reduction of muscle mass and are therefore more likely to develop hypoglycaemia in the setting of a catabolic state.3 While there is a strong agreement on the need to avoid fasting, there is less consensus regarding the appropriate timing, with many experts recommending less than 6 hours. …


The mutual diffusion coefficient Dm was measured by means of photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) at pH 4.7 and ionic strength I≃0.12 M. The BSA concentrations ranged from 1.00 to 10.7 g/dl and the magnitude of the scattering wave vector K varied from 3.21×104 to 3.51×105 cm−1. It was found that Dm=D0[1−(0.0166±0.0009)C], where D0=(5.92±0.04)×10−7 cm2/s corrected to water at 20 °C and the C measured in units of g/dl. The quantity Cn/K3, where Cn is the concentration in number of solute particles per cm3, ranged from 2 to 27 000, but this had no influence on the measured values of Dm. This work does not support the idea that the small size of K−1 or the small number of molecules contained in the volume K−3 affects the magnitudes of diffusion coefficients determined by PCS for proteins at moderate ionic strengths.


Coherent oceanic mesoscale structures, especially the non-filamenting cores of oceanic eddies, have gained a lot of attention in recent years. These Lagrangian structures are considered to play a significant role in oceanic transport processes which, in turn, impact marine life, weather and potentially even the climate itself. Answering questions regarding these phenomena requires robust tools for the detection and identification of these structures. In this article, we use transfer operator ideas to develop a novel method for the identification of weakly-mixing coherent volumes in oceanic velocity field data sets. Unlike other methods, the approach focuses on maximizing consistency over longer time periods. We employ a time-centralized transfer operator approach with practical modifications to identify potential structures in predetermined domains and couple adjacent time steps to decide how to conduct the final partitioning. The analysis pipeline includes plausibility checks that give further insights into the stability and coherence of the inferred structure. The presented method is able to find changing masses of maximal coherence in stationary and non-stationary toy models and yields good results when applied to field data.


Objective To reduce urinary tract infection of patients retaining ureter within hospital. Method Taking tarket monitoring to carry out prospective intervention and control.Results The average retaining ureter time of patients retaining ureter from meurosurgery is shorted 4.8d, urinary tract infection rate is dropped from 20.1% to 8.03%.Conclusion Prospective intervention and control can reduce urinary tract infection of patients retaining ureter within hospital.


The present paper deals with the taxonomic study on the genus Deutzia Thunb. of Sichuan. Twenty species, 5 varieties and 1 form [including 2 new species, 2 new varieties, 2 firstly-recorded species and new status (stat. nov. )] are reported. A systematic key to the species, the discussion for its economic. value and distribution are also provided in the paper. The delimitation and rank of D. corymbiflora, D. vilmorinac and D. sikangensis are reinvestigated and ascertained.


The composite slab with steel trusses is composed of precast bottom plate and cast-in-place concrete. In engineering applications, cracks often appear in the bottom plate before casting the upper concrete, which even leads to the failure of the composite slab. To improve the crack resistance of the slab, a composite slab with additional steel trusses is proposed; that is, on the basis of the original longitudinal steel trusses, the transverse steel trusses are added. Static test and numerical analysis were carried out on the bottom plate of the new type of composite slab with the additional transverse steel trusses. The experimental and analytical results show that the load level of the plate with additional steel trusses can be increased by 33% under the normal service limit state; the deflection of the plate is significantly reduced and the crack development is effectively controlled, which illustrates that the new type of composite slab can improve the bearing capacity, increase the bending stiffness, and enhance the crack resistance effectively.


Fan Yiping' s novel styles are quite varied.His village novels describe rural daily life by poetry methods,and try to reveal people struggling for food and sex.The characters' images in these novels possess the characteristics of de-individuality.His city novels reflect the suffering spirit of modern urban people.But some of them meet the needs of markets,with the tendency of vulgarization.His new histori-cism novels subvert the mainstream ideology and grand narrative.Though they have valuable deconstruction,these novels lacked construction.


The near Earth space environment is mostly covered with man-made debris and naturally occurred meteoroids. This space debris poses a threat to satellite structure because of their high velocity. It can easily damage the internal structure of satellite hence now-a-days Honeycomb Structure have been widely used in aerospace structures due to their high strength, lightweight and good energy absorbing capacity as well as it protects the internal parts of satellite from hypervelocity impact of space debris. This paper studies the effect of hypervelocity impact on honeycomb structure.


The Wayuu indigenous peoples inhabit the Guajira Peninsula on the Colombian- Venezuelan border. In the last two decades, they have suffered severe situations of violence and the advancement of mining in their traditional territory by transnational companies. In recent years, the Wayuu also live a severe humanitarian crisis due to lack of access to drinking water and food. In this paper I affirm that the notions of state of emergency and exceptionality are relevant to analyze power apparatus in the borderlands and the conditions under which individual and collective life are (or not) possible. Second, I analyze the links between otherness and power apparatus showing the links between neoliberalism and multiculturalism. Finally, I argument why a spatial perspective enables a positioning that can outline some responses to states of emergency in which life itself is uncertain.


We have experimentally investigated the effects of sidewall corrugations on the beam quality and brightness of narrow-ridge interband cascade lasers (ICLs) emitting at λ ≈ 3.3 μm. We find that at this wavelength a corrugation period of 10 µm provides greater suppression of higher-order lateral modes than a shorter period of 2-4 µm. While the power and efficiency decrease modestly for the longer corrugation period, there is a net increase of the brightness defined as the output power divided by the beam quality factor M2 . However, the brightness degrades when the corrugation amplitude is increased from 2 µm to 3.5 µm, since lower output power offsets a relatively small improvement of the beam quality


Pattern-based reasons are reasons for action deriving not from the features of our own actions, but from the features of the larger patterns of action in which we might be participating. These reasons might relate to the patterns of action that will actually be carried out, or they might relate to merely hypothetical patterns. In past work, I have argued that accepting merely hypothetical pattern-based reasons, together with a plausible account of how to weigh these reasons, can lead to disastrous consequences. However, in this article, I argue that this problem is not limited to hypothetical pattern-based reasons: it turns out that there are analogous issues for reasons deriving from actual patterns. I then suggest that we can avoid this problem by adopting a different account of the weight of pattern-based reasons.


Although the symptoms of acute rheumatic fever appear to be favorably altered by a number of drugs,* the essential problems of therapy are to prevent death from acute carditis and to decrease the incidence of subsequent valvular heart disease. 4 The present report compares the effect of acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), cortisone, and corticotropin (ACTH) on valvular heart disease as evidenced by the presence of murmurs 14 months after the onset of therapy.† A previous paper 5 concerning the same group of patients dealt with a comparison of the effects of these drugs on the acute course of rheumatic fever. METHODS Details of the methods employed and the population involved have been described elsewhere. 5 All male airmen admitted to Warren Air Force Base Hospital who met the standard diagnostic criteria and who exhibited signs of rheumatic activity on the day treatment began were accepted for study. Each patient was assigned


ABSTRACT To the Editor: —At the Annual Congress on Medical Education, February 14, in an address on "The Need of Teaching Medical Ethics," printed in The Journal, February 26, Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan, the chairman, says:This problem [the prescribing of alcohol] has become a serious one because, in the propaganda against prohibition, a well organized group in the profession, in spite of the liberality of the government in regard to the amount of whisky which the medical man can prescribe for patients, has taken the position that the amount should not be limited and the physician should be permitted to prescribe any amount which he deems necessary.And then Dr. Bevan asks, "Is this not a case for the application of sound medical ethics?"This, without much attempt at concealment, is apparently aimed against the Association for the Protection of Constitutional Rights and those associated in the effort to have


Background: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum. The disease becomes very common among individuals with multiple sexual partners without protection. Aim: This research aimed at assessing the prevalence of syphilis infection in Cape Coast Metropolis and the factors associated with the transmission of the disease Methodology: 200 participants from Cape Coast were sampled and assessed for syphilis infection using Venereal Disease Research Laboratory syphilis test strips (a nontreponemal test) and positive samples were confirmed with Treponema palladium haemagglutination (TPHA) test. Questionnaires, reflecting the participant's sociodemographic data were also administered. The Original Research Article Faustina et al.; BJMMR, 8(2): 157-164, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.436 158 results were analysed, to assess the relationship between various risk factors and syphilis infection. Results: The prevalence of syphilis infection in Cape Coast was found to be 8.5%, mainly associated with participants having multiple sexual partners and having unprotected and indiscriminate sex. Other factors found to be indirectly affecting the rate of infection were illiteracy, lack of knowledge and information concerning the disease. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of syphilis infection in the Cape Coast Metropolis is an indication that the disease is endemic.


Lake ecosystems vital functions such as recycling of nutrients, purification of water, recharge of groundwater, augmenting and maintenance of stream flow and habitat provision for a wide variety of flora and fauna along with their recreation values necessitates their sustainable management through appropriate conservation mechanisms. Failure to restore these ecosystems will result in extinction of species or ecosystem types and cause permanent ecological damage.


We present a method for the automatic assignment of small molecules' NMR spectra. The method includes an automatic and novel self‐consistent peak‐picking routine that validates NMR peaks in each spectrum against peaks in the same or other spectra that are due to the same resonances. The auto‐assignment routine used is based on branch‐and‐bound optimization and relies predominantly on integration and correlation data; chemical shift information may be included when available to fasten the search and shorten the list of viable assignments, but in most cases tested, it is not required in order to find the correct assignment. This automatic assignment method is implemented as a web‐based tool that runs without any user input other than the acquired spectra. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


It has been postulated that areas of reduced flow along rivers, either within the river channel or in the form of backwaters, exert a considerable influence on plankton dynamics in rivers. To test this hypothesis, a survey of plankton distribution in a dead arm along the River Waal, a branch of the River Rhine, was made. The euphotic fraction of the water column varied along the transect. Phytoplankton species composition changed from diatom-dominated populations in the river to dominance of green algae near the rear end of the dead arm. Green algae were dominated by Pandorina morum. The diatoms were dominated by typically riverine species, like Cyclotella menegh- iniana, Skeletonema potamos and Skeletonema subsalsum. The total zooplankton biovolume at the rear end was >100 times higher than in the river. In the river, rotifers and crustaceans co-dominated, whereas to the rear end the crustaceans became dominant. Diaphanosoma brachyurum was the most abundant zooplankter. The dynamic behaviour of both phytoplankton and zooplankton suggests the presence of an intense grazing network in the dead arm. There were also some indications of a rapid transfer of biomass to higher consumer levels, such as fish. The large difference in species composi- tion between the dead arm and the river itself does not suggest a major influence by backwaters along the River Rhine. This may be due to its channelized nature. The situation can be different in rivers with a more natural morphology.


The aim of this paper is a didactic one, namely the separation of concepts of vulnerability in psychosis, with cognitive, thinking, affective, relational and motivational patterns of patients with schizophrenia, explaining the diagnosis of emotional schizophrenia after DSM VI, which although has a long history, is still a controversial one and excluded from DSM V. The paper also discusses brief psychoses. Vulnerability in psychoses is both psychological, hereditary, genetic or potentially related to the pathology of the neurotransmitters involved, and it is also based on concepts such as: social rejection, disabilities (predominantly auditory), immigration, inability to adapt to cultural patterns, an emotional climate characterized by expressing excessive emotions, an onset with significant stressors or a postpartum hormonal situation.


PURPOSE: To reduce the window dimension by minimizing the cutting of main information by allocating a window space to be newly set according to a specification showing the relative position, priority and minimum dimension of each area when changing the dimension of a window composed of plural areas. CONSTITUTION: The window having a partial cluster 8 composed of blocks 4, 5 and 6 is displayed by application programs 1, 2 and 3. In order to change this window dimension, the minimum dimension of two mutually orthogonal methods is designated by an application having data to be displayed in the area to which an area control parameter for designating the minimum dimension is applied. First of all, it is determined whether the synthetic minimum dimension of various areas to be displayed in one window exceeds a total window dimension or not. When the block enough for including the minimum designated block in the window to be displayed exists in the window, the area of the minimum dimension specification is allocated to that area according to the indicator and priority of its relative position inside the window. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


The construction and operation of equipment is described for studies of the diffusion and absorption of light by materials such as textiles, papers, paints, enamels, and other diffusing media for which measurements of color, gloss, transparency or optical density, hiding and tinting powers, or similar properties, are required. Means are provided for the precise control of the directional and spectral distributions of light incident on the sample and for measurement of the corresponding distributions of diffused light. The equipment includes two separate illumination units, one for completely diffused illumination of the sample and the other for unidirectional illumination at any desired angle of incidence. Light reflected or transmitted by the sample under either type of illumination is measured for any desired direction of observation by visual photometric or spectrophotometric methods.


Six exactly alternating, silphenylene-siloxane polymers containing either 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl, hydrido, methyl, or vinyl substituent groups on the siloxyl silicons were prepared by low-temperature, solution polycondensation reactions of 1,4-bis(dimethylhydroxysilyl)benzene, DMHSB, and the respective dichlorosilane monomers. The polymers with tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl substituents showed two T g 's, and the higher transition at -37°C was attributed to the mobility of the highly fluorinated substituents


For the last decade, military research has been focused on adapting advances in information technology to military purposes, to enable military units to quickly receive and share information. Recently, NATO has described Service Oriented Computing as a viable paradigm in military networks. While Service Oriented Computing has been successful in business environments, there are many unanswered questions regarding robustness, mobility and bandwidth which are all important properties in a military context. By employing a peer-to-peer network as a service discovery mechanism, it is believed that many of these concerns can be addressed. This thesis looks at commonly used P2P protocols and aims to identify strengths and weaknesses they may have in a military environment. We further describe some of the P2P based solutions for service discovery that exist today and argue that unstructured P2P protocols are theoretically more suitable for military needs as they are more robust and adaptable. Unstructured overlays have a tendency to give inaccurate search results and consume more bandwidth than structured alternatives. We implement and evaluate the search algorithm ASAP, which has shown promising results in simulations in terms of bandwidth and accuracy. Finally, we develop and implement of Search+, a novel search algorithm for unstructured overlays that requires little bandwidth while providing close to 100% accuracy.


On the example of the naive juvenile of the Russian sturgeon, thresholds of sensation (detection) of amino acids and their derivatives in fish are determined. There is a relationship between the thresholds of sensation of amino acids and their physico-chemical properties. Of the nine test amino acids, the minimum thresholds of sensation in fish are established for histidine, methionine, and tyrosine.


The long-term evolution of scaling (fractal) char- acteristics of the ULF geomagnetic fields in the seismoactive region of the Guam Island is studied in relation to the strong (Ms = 8.0) nearby earthquake of 8 August 1993. The se- lected period covers 10 months before and 10 months after the earthquake. The FFT procedure, Burlaga-Klein approach and Higuchi method, have been applied to calculate the scal- ing exponents and fractal dimensions of the ULF time se- ries. It is found that the spectrum of ULF emissions exhibits, on average, a power law behaviour S(f) / f , which is a fingerprint of the typical fractal (self-affine) time series. The spectrum slope fluctuates quasi-periodically during the course of time in a range of = 2.5 0.7, which corresponds to the fractional Brownian motion with both persistent and antipersistent behaviour. An tendency is also found for the spectrum slope to decrease gradually when approaching the earthquake date. Such a tendency manifests itself at all lo- cal times, showing a gradual evolution of the structure of the ULF noise to a typical flicker noise structure in proximity to the large earthquake event. We suggest considering such a peculiarity as an earthquake precursory signature. One more effect related to the earthquake is revealed: the longest quasi- period, which is 27 days, disappeared from the variations of the ULF emission spectrum slope during the earthquake, and it reappeared three months after the event. Physical interpre- tation of the peculiarities revealed has been done on the basis of the SOC (self-organized criticality) concept.


This paper presents a tuning approach for a 2DOF PI-PID controller to be used with second-orderlike processes. The MATLAB computer program is used through its optimization toolbox to tune the controller subjected to four functional constraints. The functional constraints are selected to produce good performance of the control system regarding the transient and steady state characteristics. The tuning technique used is compared with another technique and the effectiveness of the controller was investigated through comparison with using other two controllers.


Designing high-quality interactive 3D spaces, such as those required for professional training, is a complex, expensive, and time-consuming task. Although several approaches have been proposed to simplify the process, the result is always a trade-off between advanced capabilities and the ease of use of the content creation tool. To guarantee high visual quality of the modeling results, no simplification of the geometry detail level is possible. In this paper, we propose a method of visual content design, which simplifies the process by eliminating some of the structural complexity through the introduction of content controllers, which based on the known semantics of content objects introduce specific editing rules and impose a specific structure of their sub-components, thus simplifying and speeding up the content creation process as well as eliminating common mistakes.


The invention provides a device for the emergency hemostasis of acute massive hemorrhage in fiberoptic bronchoscopy, particularly a hemostatic balloon cannula for fiberoptic bronchoscopic biopsy. A polymer material is adopted to produce the device, so that the device has the characteristics of high elasticity, pressure resistance, breakage resistance and the like; structurally, the device is of a water bag structure shaped like a plurality of (two to three) strung beads, and can tightly wrap the lower end of a fiberoptic bronchoscope, the water bags are enlarged one by one, and the longitudinal section is shaped like a trapezoid. Because one section of each of water injection tubes connected with the water bags is on the operating end of the fiberoptic bronchoscope, when acute massive hemorrhage happens, normal saline can be rapidly injected by the operating end to block an organic cavity, preventing blood from further filling other bronchial trees, and thereby the hemostatic balloon cannula plays the role of emergency treatment.


The main purpose of the analysis is to characterize the location of extratropical lows relative to the jet streaks over Europe and the North Atlantic. Algorithms are presented for jet streak detection and cyclone positioning relative to jet streaks. All time steps in the tracked cyclone lifetime together as well as cyclogenesis, maximum deepening and cyclolysis stages separately are examined. The analysis includes strong jet streaks (>50 ms−1) detected in 300 hPa wind fields in the winter period (1958–2002). The location of cyclones in the jet streak‐associated coordinate system is determined. The cyclone positions, situated near jet streak (<1,300 km), are depicted in the circular distribution diagrams and counted within 15° intervals and jet streak quadrants. The distribution of low‐pressure systems at the cyclogenesis and maximum deepening stages resembles the four‐quadrant model of upper‐level divergence: modal intervals are situated in the Left Front (LF) (primary mode: 45–60°) and the Right Rear (RR) (secondary mode: 195–210°) quadrants. Significant changes in cyclone counts at the LF‐LR and LR‐RR boundaries are likely to be a response to the divergence field aloft. Bimodality is distinctly pronounced in the case of cyclogenesis events and maximum deepening phases. The cyclolysis sites are unimodally distributed with maximum frequency in the Left Rear (LR) quadrant. The modal intervals of cyclogenesis and maximum deepening samples deviate towards the LF‐LR and RR‐LR boundary lines from the bisectors of the LF and RR quadrants, respectively. Such angular displacement is congruent with the shift of divergence‐convergence meridional dipoles in the entrance and exit region towards the cyclonic side of the jet stream. The incipient and maximum deepening stages of cyclones are located within the divergent quadrants in almost 80% of cases (of those near jet streaks). Nearly 60% of the cyclolysis events are situated in the convergent quadrants.


Introduction. The issue of monitoring and evaluating students' performance during their foreign language project-based learning (PBL) is rather controversial. Different researchers consider PBL objects, forms, methods, and criteria of assessment from various points of view. The assessment in PBL is not the same as the official evaluative grading in Ukrainian schools and universities. Some teachers believe that it is impossible to assess students' performance in PBL since it is an extremely creative process, and it is difficult to evaluate PBL results objectively. But on the other hand, students need to know where and why they succeed and fail, what kinds of mistakes they make and how to avoid them in the future project activities. Despite these contradictions, one cannot but agree with the belief that students' performance during their foreign language PBL can and should be assessed both in terms of the acquired knowledge, skills, strategies, and in terms of the changes that take place in learners' abilities. The assessment system of foreign language PBL has a complex and multidimensional framework, and covers both the process of PBL and its results. Purpose. The aim of this article is to provide a general description of the assessment system of school students' performance during their foreign language PBL, namely, to identify functions, types, forms, subjects, objects, criteria, instruments, and tools of assessment, and to demonstrate several examples of formative assessment instruments. Methods. To achieve the purpose, there were used such theoretical research methods as scrutiny, analysis, selection, comparison of certain aspects, features, characteristics, and phenomena of the issue under consideration, induction and deduction, generalization, systematization, etc. Results. The functions, types, forms, subjects, objects, criteria, instruments, and tools of assessment of school students' performance during their foreign language PBL were outlined. The particular attention was paid to the English language examples of formative assessment instruments evaluating certain objects. All aspects of the assessment system for evaluating school students' performance during their foreign language PBL were presented in an integrated scheme. Conclusion. The prospects of further research studies are concerned with the use of digital educational technologies in for- and of-learning assessment of foreign language PBL. In addition, the question of methodological training of tertiary students majoring in foreign language teaching to plan, organize, implement PBL at Ukrainian schools, as well as to assess students' performance during their PBL, is a mounting one.


It's researched dependence of radiating aperture size of the conformal array antenna from auxiliary radiator's characteristics at using non linear diffraction method of phasing


The progressive deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) and the increased penetration of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) type renewable resources pave the path towards hybrid AC/DC microgrid operations. Considering the potential future participation of EVs in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid environment, this paper presents a generalized synopsis on EV charging in a commercial hybrid AC/DC microgrid. Constituents of this paper encompass the charger configurations, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) control strategies of individual chargers and their effects on the microgrid operations. Impacts of three types of EV chargers are considered in this paper which include three-phase AC and DC fast charging and single-phase residential charging. All configurations and their control strategies are developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Initial simulations are carried out considering real commercial load and solar irradiation data which shows stable microgird operations. Later the impacts of various types of EV charging on the AC and DC bus voltages and frequency of the commercial hybrid AC/DC microgrid are analyzed. The obtained results highlight the implications of bulk coordinated EV charging to reduce adverse operational impacts and network investment.


To derive the Brownian bridge approximation for Fisher's geometric model (see section A1.2 below), we assume that the fixed effects on each trait are uncorrelated, and will also assume uncorrelated selection on each trait, as shown in eq. 2. In this section, we show that these results apply more generally, as long as the distribution of fixed effects is sufficiently close to multi-variate normality, potentially involving correlations among traits, and as long as the distance metric (eq. 2) is a multi-variate Gaussian, potentially involving correlated selection (Waxman and Welch, 2005). This is achieved by transforming the phenotypic space. This "simultaneous diagonalization", allows us to work with a far simpler class of models, without any loss of generality. The treatment below is very similar to that of Martin and Lenormand (2006a), and follows most notation from Mathai and Provost (1992). We start with a vector X of phenotypic effects in an n-dimensional space, which follows a multivariate normal distribution, that is, X ∼ N(μ,Σ) (30)


Rewriting is a computational paradigm that speciies the actions, but not the control. We introduce a hierarchical structure representing, at a high level of abstraction, a form of control. Its application solves a speciic problem arising in the design and implementation of inherently sequential, lazy, functional programming languages based on rewriting. For example, we show how to extend the expressive power of Log(F) and how to improve the eeciency of an implementation of BABEL. Our framework provides a notion of degree of parallelism of an operation and shows that the elements of a necessary set of redexes are related by an and-or relation. Both concepts nd application in parallel implementations of rewriting. In an environment in which computations can be executed in parallel we are able to detect sequential computations in order to minimize overheads and/or optimize execution. Conversely, we are able to detect when inherently sequential computations can be executed in parallel without performing unnecessary rewrites.


AT the time of the outbreak of war I was engaged in Cytological research upon the germ cells. Col. C. J. Bond, C.M.G., F.R.C.S., knowing this, very kindly supplied me with a number of retained testicles, removed by operation from young men who presented themselves for enlistment in His Majesty's 'Forces. After a preliminary examination of the slides made from this material, it occurred to me that a comparison of the interstitial tissue found in these organs, with the same tissue in the normal organ in advanced age, might be interesting and perhaps illuminating. It appeared possible that such a comparison might supply some further points of interest having a bearing upon hypertrophy of interstitial tissue, in relation to atrophy of the seminal epithelium. Shortly after this time I myself joined the army, and consequently the work of examination and preparation of this paper have been delayed until now. MATERIALS AND METHODS


The main difficulties reported in the identification of biokinetic models describing the activated sludge process are related to poor convergence or nonconvergence of the identification algorithms and nonuniqueness of the parameter estimates (i.e., different values for the parameters produce approximately the same response from the model). In the present paper, we assessed the identifiability of the Activated Sludge Model Number 1 parameters for a simulated full-scale WWTP calibrating situation, using both noise-free and noise-corrupted simulated data, and analyzed the efficiency of different optimization methods in the identification process. We began by comparing the performance, in terms of the rate of convergence, for different identification algorithms based on three distinct optimization methods. Finally, a procedure based on the information content of the Fisher and covariance matrices was applied in order to define the set of best identifiable parameters in different calibration situations.


Magnetic nano-objects possess great potential for more efficient data processing, storage and neuromorphic type of applications. Using high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy synthetic antiferromagnets in the form of multilayer-based metamaterials we purposely reduce the antiferromagnetic (AF) interlayer exchange energy below the out-of-plane demagnetization energy, which controls the magnetic domain formation. As we show via macroscopic magnetometry as well as microscopic Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, in this unusual magnetic energy regime, it becomes possible to stabilize nanometer scale stripe and bubble textures consisting of ferromagnetic (FM) out-of-plane domain cores separated by AF in-plane Bloch-type domain walls. This unique coexistence of mixed FM/AF order on the nanometer scale opens so far unexplored perspectives in the architecture of magnetic domain landscapes as well as the design and functionality of individual magnetic textures, such as bubble domains with alternating chirality.


The D.C. lead crisis was one of the worst episodes of drinking-water contamination in modern U.S. history. Yet, previous investigations found few effects. New research indicates that the earlier findings need to be revisited for infants and toddlers.


Purpose: This study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of Family Burden Questionnaire. Method: The subjects were 156 caregivers of children with acute or chronic disease. To test the reliability, internal consistency using Cronbach's α coefficient was analyzed, and factor analysis, known-group technique, and concurrent validity were utilized for validity test. Result: Cronbach's α coefficient of the tool was .89. Six factors were identified and explained 58.7% of the total variance. Through analysis using known-group technique, the difference of family burden between acute and chronic disease groups was statistically significant(t= -4.09, p<.001). Correlations with mood state, other family burden score by Family Burden Interview Schedule, quality of life, and health symptoms were also relatively high and statistically significant. Conclusion: Family Burden Questionnaire showed a relatively high validity and reliability to measure the burden of caregivers caring patients with various chronic conditions in Korea. For the further study, it may be reconsidered to identify the factor structure of the Family Burden Questionnaire with the various subjects from different age groups.


Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of vascular dementia(VaD) in Shanghai area.Methods Subjects were the people screened in prevalence survey from the population in selected 5 urban and 4 rural communities investigated between 1997 and 1998. Incidence survey was carried out by a brief memory testing with MMSE. In phase Ⅱ, those who scored below the cutoff points and 4% of those whose score was in the normal range were interviewed to identify dementia through a set of diagnostic examinations according to the DSM-Ⅳ criteria. In phase Ⅲ six months later, a follow-up program was conducted for all persons who were involved in phase Ⅱ to identify those with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and VaD according to NINCDS-ADRDA and NINDS-AIREN criteria and other types of dementia.Results Among the follow-up sample of 5?672 people,because 266 people died and 1?865 people missed to be interviewed during the follow-up period, 3?545 people were finally finished the first screen. There were 112 new dementia cases, of whom 28 were VaD with a total incidence of VaD 2.543/1000 person-years (standard incidence 2.403/1000 person-years). VaD was correlated positively with age,with OR value being 1.127(95%CI, 1.076~1.179,P=0.000), negatively with education,with OR value being 0.654(95%CI, 0.451~0.943,P=0.023).Conclusions Compared with other areas in the world, the incidence of VaD in some rural and urban areas of Shanghai was at the average level. Aging was a risk factor and high education was a protective factor for VaD. The incidence was higher in males than in females.


Saline soil is a common problem in coastal paddy field, especially in Indonesia. Salinity affects rice growth and the activities of soil functional microbes, including functional bacteria, which play roles in plant growth. Some of these microbes are associated with rice plants and are able to survive under saline condition. The presence of functional microbes is also important to improve soil quality. Nitrogen and phosphate are essential soil nutrients and is available in soil due to the activities of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and free-living plant-associated bacteria.  The objective of the present study was to obtain nitrogen-fixing, phosphate solubilizing and Indole Acetic Acid  (IAA)-producing bacteria that are able to survive and promote the growth of rice under saline conditions. From rice and peanut rhizosphere, Ca-phosphate (Ca-P) solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated separately using specific media. Then, the Ca-P solubilizing ability, phosphomonoesterase activity and IAA-producing ability were quantitatively examined. Based on the abilities, 20 strains were selected and identified as Burkholderia cepacia -complex , Burkholderia anthina, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Bacillus cereus -complex (three strains), Achromobacter spanius, Azospirillum sp . (four strains), Azotobacter sp. (three strains), Rhizobium leguminosarum , Rhizobium sp. (two strains), and Pseudomonas sp. (three strains). The inoculation of several single strains or the mixture of the selected strains promoted the growth of rice under saline conditions. These inoculants could be potential as biofertilizer in saline paddy fields.


Background: More than half of pregnant women use at least one prescribed medication during pregnancy, and almost all pregnant women use some kind of over-the-counter medication. Depression is one o ...