The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of electron-poor aryl chlorides in the synthesis of crop protection-relevant active ingredients in water is disclosed. Optimisation of the reaction conditions allowed to run the reaction...


Direct measurements of the interfacial behavior of submerged high speed gas jets with speeds ranging from subsonic to supersonic Mach numbers were performed using high speed digital photography and shadowgraphs. The results indicate that the jets preferentially pinch-off near the axial position which in previous experimental work has been shown to correspond to the location of the maximum streamwise velocity turbulence fluctuations. Using the optical method presented in this paper, the data indicates that the electroresistivity probe technique used by past researchers to quantify the jet penetration into the ambient fluid biases the measurement by up to 30 diameters as the probe cannot identify true jet continuity as opposed to advecting bubbles. We introduce a theoretical jet penetration distance based on a simple force balance of the jet cross-section which compares reasonably well with the measured data. This theoretical jet penetration distance scales with the square of the Froude number and requires an estimation of the jet centerline properties as they evolve downstream of the orifice to accurately predict the pinch-off point. An experimental jet penetration distance is introduced and is defined as the 98.5% contour of the orifice attached gas jet presence over the measurement time.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The transition from high school to college is a key point in students' educational route. During this transition, the ability to formulate an educational goal and the will to actively engage to this goal are supposed to lead to favorable academic outcomes. However, students differ in their commitment to their educational goal, which may translate into differences in goal implementation. How can we explain such differences? A theoretical model of the factors influencing students' commitment to their educational goal is proposed. This model is composed of two proximal antecedents—goal importance and expectancy of goal achievement— and two distal antecedents—goal abstraction and goal integration. The proximal antecedents are mainly based on the expectancy-value framework (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002), and the distal antecedents on the assumptions relative to the hierarchical goal structure (Carver & Scheier, 1998).


The results of surgical treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of a knee joint in children were studied. Three groups of monitoring were formed: arthroscopic treatment of early stages — 31 children, arthroscopic treatment of late stages — 14 children, arthrotomic treatment of late stages — 14 children. Immediate results are comparable in all the groups. The best long-term results were observed in groups of arthroscopic treatment, especially in early stages. Simultaneous application of bone marrow stimulation techniques and symptomatic treatment is more effective.


The treatment of entrapment neuropathy in the upper extremity with surgical decompression has generally provided good results. Recurrence of symptoms, however, is not uncommon and its management is both challenging and difficult. Nineteen patients with recurrent carpal tunnel and cubital tunnel syndrome were treated with the vein wrapping technique using the autogenous saphenous vein. The average number of surgeries before vein wrapping was 3.3. The mean patient age was 53 years (range, 28-75 years) and the mean follow-up period was 43 months (range, 24-78 months). All patients reported reduction in pain and the sensory disturbances secondary to the compression of the median or ulnar nerve. Two-point discrimination and electrodiagnostic findings also improved.


Abstract : The bistatic cross section of resonant half-wave and full-wave resonant dipoles is considered. The cross section is calculated for various combinations of polarization of transmitting and receiving antennas both linear and circular. The calculation is accomplished by a Monte Carlo method which is estimated to be accurate within several percent. The calculated values for backscattering are seen to agree with certain results in the literature. (Author)


✓ The role of focal ischemia and the altered circulation in a brain scar in relation to focal cerebral seizures has provided one of the continuing problems in the experimental approach to the mechanism of epilepsy. The brain of the epileptic patient as observed during craniotomy appears to show more vasomotor lability than the normal brain. This lability seems uninfluenced by sympathectomy or carotid artery sinus denervation. Epileptic lesions of all types show cytological evidence of ischemia. It seems likely that some undiscovered secret of cerebral circulation is the ultimate cause of epilepsy.


INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the type of cancer that affects more women worldwide. In 2012, we expect, for Brazil, 52,680 new cases of breast cancer. Current studies show that the loss of the breast, takes a constant reminder of cancer, moreover shows psychological impact with shock in self-esteem.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an observational, transversal, retrospective, conducted in 88 patients in the period from February 2005 until December 2010 with diagnosis of breast cancer, which were submitted breast reconstruction. The study will focus on major risk factors such as age, menarche, family history of breast cancer, parity, initial tumor stage and surgery . .
Results and DISCUSSION: The data showed 68% of patients were in the state, the average age of these patients was 42 years,data showed increased demand by of patients in the interior. Menarche over 13 years around 61% and 79% of patients were children, with mean age of 22 years at first pregnancy, which found that 57% breastfed their children. The early menarche, under 13 increases the relative risk twice more, covering only 39% of patients. Pregnancy under 20 years is a protective factor, this was seen in 80% of patients. It is 4-60% the beneficial effect of breastfeeding. The complaint that led the patients to the clinic was the presence of a palpable nodule covering 93%. There is great difficulty in early diagnosis, despite campaigns on breast cancer, the patients tend to seek services when they feel a lump, and still delay seeking medical attention. The stage I and II was found in 60% of patients.
CONCLUSION: The woman is subject to having breast cancer, risk factors that have supported in the literature, had little relationship to that studied patients. The use of techniques oncoplastics, brought comfort and quality of life not only for patients and family but for doctors who give the news about the disease.


Numbers of theories and perspectives about the reasons for high-speed rising of urban house prices in China are proposed,including rigid demand,supply shortage and structural imbalances,land finance,construction costs,excess liquidity and huge profits of real estate,etc.On the basis of combing and reviewing these theories,this paper points out that governments' promoting with the aim of gaining political and economic benefits and using the methods of excess money supply,governmental monopoly of first market of land,and important economical sectors is the root cause of high-speed rising of house prices.


When the Soviet Union withdrew recently from the World Health Organization, a somewhat startled world learned that even the prevention of disease can be affected by world politics. The most cursory study of international organizations for other purposes discloses that none is immune to world social and political forces. On the contrary, they are in varying degree shaped and influenced by these forces, and in fact serve as vehicles for their expression.


Chinese intellectuals' understanding of historiography changed greatly. Before the Sino-Japanese war. the traditional Guobieti, which disappeared for a long time, was used to write foreign history once again. When the Western conception on world history was introduced into China at the beginning of 20th through Japan in the period of Meiji Restoration, Chinese intellectuals' thoughts, which were especially effected by the monism of Western progress, stage and the dualism of Japanese toyoshi and seiyoshi, were complicated and full of contradiction, which influenced greatly on their recognition of others and self.


The structural and transport properties of manganites with and 0.2 prepared by solid state reaction route are studied. These compounds are found to be crystallized in orthorhombic structural form. A shift in the metal-semiconductor/insulator transition temperature () towards room temperature (289 K) with the substitution of Nd by La, as the value of is varied in the sequence (0, 0.1, and 0.2), has been provided. The shift in the , from 239 K (for ) to near the room temperature 289 K (for ), is attributed to the fact that the average radius of site-A increases with the percentage of La. The maximum temperature coefficients of resistance (TCR) of ( and 0.2) are found to be higher compared to its parent compound which is almost independent of . The electrical resistivity of the experimental results is explored by various theoretical models below and above . An appropriate enlightenment for the observed behavior is discussed in detail.


Nonequilibrium thermodynamics, explosive magnetic field rearrangements, and more contribute to the physics of an atmospheric region that brooks no simple assumptions.


The capability of risk management becomes a key factor in determining the core competency of a bank in commercial banking in the current open banking environment as the progressing in our commercial banking reform.The assessment of the capability of the risk management of a bank has become the banking management evaluation standard.Therefore,this article analyzed the differences in the practices of the risk management in commercial banking between the western countries and China.It also benchmarked the best practices of the risk management from the western banking system.It(The author)proposed the creative management strategy on the overall domestic Risk Management System by applying the reengineering methodologies on the banking processes in the following four areas,i.e.,identification of the risk management,risk control points,organizational support of risk management and the management of the banking processes.


This article represents a contribution to the teaching of technical writing and comprises the evaluation and optimization of an information brochure on clutches issued by Volkswagen. The evaluation criteria are derived from a definition of the brochure's audience and its purpose as well as the stylistic elements required by Volkswagen's corporate image. The contribution ends with an optimized version of the brochure.


The main objective of the biological control of training is to improve the design of workloads by coaches in order to prevent the adverse effect that involves the practice of high performance sport. In the present study biomarkers such immune response, heart rate variability (HRV), creatine kinase (CK), lactate and urea were measured to describe the behavior in a competition and during the recovery period. The results obtained during the evaluation provide enough information to use them as a custom control of physical activity.


Rail inspection is an essential task in railway maintenance and is periodically needed. Inspection is manually operated by trained human operator walking along the track searching for visual anomalies. This monitoring is unaccept- able for slowness and lack of objectivity. This paper deals with a patented Visual Inspection System for Railway mainte- nance, devoted to different tasks. Here, its Rail Detection & Tracking Block (RD&TB) is presented. RD&TB detects and tracks, into the acquired video sequence the rail head, by this way, notably reducing the area to be analyzed and inspected by other modules of VISyR. Thanks to its hardware implementation, RD&TB performs its task in 5.71 μs with an accuracy of 98.5%, allowing an on-the-fly analysis of a video sequence acquired up at 190 km/h. RD&TB is highly flexible and configurable, since it is based on classifiers that can be easily reconfigured in function of different type of rails.


Abstract After a historial review of various attempts to define the limits of the Arctic on the basis of individual climatic parameters, the author recommends the southern limit of the tundra zone. It is argued that purely meteorological characteristics are unsatisfactory for Arctic regionalization because of the widely spaced network of observation stations and the smooth changes in parameters from place to place. An ecological limit such as the southern tundra boundary, on the other hand, represents an integration of a whole set of parameters and incorporates more climatic information than the isopleth of any meteorological element taken by itself. Although there is a real need for applying similar regionalization principles in land and oceanic areas, the relationship between climate‐forming factors and marine environments has not been adequately studied. For the purpose of the present paper, the boundaries of the Arctic in oceans are defined by the extent of intrusion of Arctic waters into the North At...


We show, on the basis of thermodynamic principles, some shortcoming of the London theory of superconductivity. Successively we change it by neglecting one of the classic London equations. The remaining one is sufficient to account for superconductivity and yields a new nonlocal theory.


In recents years, some executives have been permitted by firms to rescind stock option exercise decisions by returning the stock to the company for a refund of the exercise price. Such rescissions have been widely condemned as weakening incentives. We find that rescissions often deliver the same incentive payoffs as a standard option but at a lower cost. The cost savings arise as a consequence of the tax treatment of the exercise/rescission decisions under U.S. tax law. The savings are associated positively with stock volatility and the personal/corporate tax rate spread and negatively with interest rates.


In this study, static and buckling behavior of sandwich plate with orthotropic core has been presented. The present model is developed based on first order shear deformation theory and discretised using a finite element method in ANSYS environment to obtain the responses. The convergence test has been carried out and the results are compared with those available open literature. We note substantial effect of different parameters such as, support conditions, number of layers and thickness ratio on static and stability behavior of laminated structures.


When chalcone and trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one (PBO) were incubated with liver microsomes of untreated rats in the presence of NADPH, 4-hydroxychalcone and trans-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3buten-2-one (4-OH-PBO), respectively, were formed as major metabolites. Two minor metabolites of chalcone, 4 -hydroxychalcone and 2-hydroxychalcone, were also observed. The oxidase activity affording 4-hydroxychalcone was inhibited by SKF 525-A, disulfiram, ketoconazole, and -naphthoflavone. The oxidase activities leading to 4-hydroxychalcone and 4 -hydroxychalcone were enhanced in liver microsomes of 3-methylcholanthreneand phenobarbital-treated rats, respectively. The activity generating 2-hydroxychalcone was enhanced in liver microsomes of 3-methylcholanthreneand dexamethasone-treated rats. The oxidation of PBO to 4-OH-PBO was inhibited by SKF 525-A, ketoconazole, disulfiram, and sulfaphenazole. This activity was enhanced in liver microsomes of 3-methylcholanthrene-, acetoneand phenobarbital-treated rats. 4-Hydroxylation, 4 -hydroxylation, and 2-hydroxylation of chalcone were catalyzed by rat recombinant cytochrome P450 1A1, 1A2, and 2C6; by 1A1 and 2C6; and by 1A1 and 3A1, respectively. PBO was oxidized by cytochrome P450 1A1, 1A2, 2C6, and 2E1. Chalcone and PBO were negative in an estrogen reporter assay using estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. However, 4-hydroxychalcone, 2-hydroxychalcone, 4 -hydroxychalcone, and 4-OH-PBO exhibited estrogenic


Lending Periods and Fine Schedules for Students, Faculty/Staff, Campus Family and for Grove City Borough Residents Circulation Lending Periods for GCC Students


Wicking is one of the important properties of fabrics which decide its utility. The sweat generated in the body should be absorbed by the fabric as otherwise it may lead to skin diseases. It is advised that cotton fabrics should be worn net to the skin in order to get comfort to the wearer. This article is concerned with wicking which plays a vital role in determining comfort and moisture transport behavior of fabric and also into find out the effect of four parameters of single jersey, rib and pique knitted structures on the wickability. Parameters taken for the study were polyester cross-section, lycra denier used, plated structure and loop length.


The utility model relates to the field of missile parts, in particular to a missile wing cross-folding mechanism. The missile wing cross-folding mechanism comprises a left missile wing, a right missile wing, a left gear, a right gear and a power output shaft, wherein the left missile wing is mounted on the left gear; the right missile wing is mounted on the right gear; the left gear is meshed with the right gear; the left missile wing and the right missile wing are mounted on the respective gears in a mutually staggered manner; the power output shaft drives the right gear to rotate. The missile wing cross-folding mechanism has the beneficial effects that the structure is simple, the transmission efficiency is high, and the unfolding stability and the unfolding synchronism of folded missile wings are improved.


Fiscal risk has appeared directly or indirectly in the fiscal operation at all fiscal levels and aroused the attention of the authorities concerned, especially the concern of fiscal sectors. How to prevent and resolve the local fiscal risk is a major and urgent issue for the government and financial branches. Based on the situation of Hei Longjiang Province, this thesis is intended to analyze the displays and contributing factors of local fiscal risk, and advance some measures to solve the problem.


Oxadiazoles are a class of heterocyclic aromatic chemical compounds, having different isomeric forms. They appear in a variety of pharmaceutical drugs. Among the drugs based on the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring, we find for instance an antiviral such as Raltegravir, which is used to treat HIV/AIDS. Here we will discuss Raltegravir and in-silico simulations concerning SARS-COV-2. Besides the compounds based on 1,3,4 rings, there exist those with 1,2,4-oxadiazole rings which are reported as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. One of these drugs is Oxolamine. Of this drug we will stress the fact that it is an inhibitor of the formation of N-acetylneuraminic acid, a sialic acid. In fact, the spike-protein from SARS-COV-2 is shown to bind sialic acids too. Since these acids have, at the same time, an antiviral protective role, it could be relevant to investigate carefully any ligand/protein docking property of Oxolamine (docking with human enzymes, virus enzymes and proteins). Based on the 1,2,4-oxadiazole scaffold, we have also the antiviral Pleconaril, that has been investigated by means of in-silico simulated interactions with SARS-COV-2 proteins. We will discuss also some news oxadiazole compounds, which are given as selective COX-2 inhibitors, antioxidant agents and inhibitors of proteins of the virus, according to in-silico simulations. Therefore, can these drugs have a possible role in the treatment of Covid-19? Or, why can't they be used for? Before reading this work, please consider that I am not a physician. I do not suggest the use of the mentioned drugs. I am not touting these drugs. The analysis of publications is made in the framework of a wider investigation about information concerning


In the paper two significance tests for Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves are proposed. Both tests are based on an asymptotic 2 χ distribution of test statistics.


This plant, belonging to the tribe Andropogoneae (Gramineae) was known as a cereal in ancient Egypt at least 2200 years B.C. It is a native of Africa and Asia, the commonest species, which is often erroneously called millet, being Sorghum vulgure Pers. Sorghum is an important human food in China, India and Africa, being used to make porridge and bread, very often being blended with wheat flour for the latter purpose. In other countries the plant and the grain are mainly used for fodder, some care being necessary since the young green parts of the plant are liable to contain appreciable quantities of cyanide. The roots of Sorghum vulgure are considered to be poisonous. Systematic chemical investigation of the roots of the plant was therefore undertaken and the results reported herein. The shade dried roots (1.5 kg) were exhaustively extracted by soxhlet. The alcoholic extractive when allowed to stand over night yielded a brown powder which on subsequent purification and chromatography over alumina gave hexacosanol (yield 0.30%) (C, 81.53; H, 14.18%; Calcd. for C26Hs40; C, 81.75; H, 14.14%) and showed peaks in IR at K, 3380 and 720 cm-1. Hexacosanol on acetylation yielded hexacosanol acetate, m.p. 64" (C, 79.30; H, 13.41%: Calcd. for CzsHs602; C, 79.20; H, 13.22%). The identity with hexacosanol was finally confirmed by superposable IR spectra. The hexane and ether soluble fractions of the alcoholic extract on chromatography yielded an LB-positive product (yield 0.01%), m.p. 135-136", identified as B-sitosterol. The sterol was acetylated in the usual way to yield an acetate m.p. 136-137" (C, 82.04; H, 11.23%. Calcd. for C31HszOz: C, 81.58; H, 11.4%) and benzoate (benzoyl chloride-pyridine), m.p. 142" (C, 83.32; H, 10.40; Calcd. for C36Hs40z; C, 83.39; H, 10.42%). The identity of B-sitosterol was finally confirmed by co-argentation TLC and superposable IR spectra. The aqueous extract was positive to Dragendroff and Meyer tests but the alkaloid could not be isolated. An aliquot portion of the alcohol extract was subjected


This article is about a research which aims to understand the 'conflict practices' in organizational and professional contexts. The analysis is focused on the processes of construction of meaning and the professional situated actions involved in the experiences with high uncertainty and dialectical setting. The research hypothesis is that conflicts can be considered as good experiences to learn by practice or by others colleagues. The research was conducted into an Italian University of the center of Italy studying some topic moments of the university life: informal group, department meeting, formal assembly. Through Engestrom, Schon and Mezirow's theories the research underline how a conflicting experience can deveop the learning process.


The invention discloses a nickel phosphide catalyst with a carrier of silicon dioxide. The weight of nickel accounts for 1 to 20 percent of the total weight of the catalyst and the weight ratio of nickel to phosphor is in the range between 2:1.3 and 1:1. The preparation method comprises the steps of making the nickel-phosphor compound into a solution and using silicon dioxide as the carrier; loading nickel phosphide by isometric impregnation method; and drying at the temperature of 80 to 120 DEG C and roasting for 2 to 4 hours at the temperature of 400 to 600 DEG C. The catalyst utilizes cyclohexane as a solvent, thereby achieving favorable activity and selectivity for the reaction of selecting hydrogenised CMA to produce HCMA.


the health of the citizens lies at the heart of any state and presents an immeasurable value. Decent living standards and protection of the population's health are contingent upon ensuring sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing. The activities of the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) aim at achieving a consistent improvement of the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the Russian population and are based on the findings of scientific research, legal framework development, and direct cooperation with sole entrepreneurs, individuals, and legal entities. The accumulated scientific knowledge and the multi-year experience in fighting against infectious diseases enable the Service to react swiftly to new challenges, such as the new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19).


By introducing the use of the fiber-optical net communication in the transport ,It unites and perfects dispatching system,promotes efficiency in the transport and ensures the trains reach safely on time.


1 ABSTRACT Urban agglomerations in the world metropolis demand new solutions to face the economical, social, ecological and physical problems. Many ideas concentrate mainly to above ground to either vertical and/or horizontal extension in the cities, with higher skyskrapers or even cities in the ocean. But what about using underground space? Fighting with the attributes of unpleasent surrounding, images of darkness, dampness and sickness, a lot of people don't feel sympathy for living underground. But the concept to live in depth, caves, catacombs or even cities below the surface is pretty old. Supported by literary and mystic traditions like travel to the underworld, a vision is initiated, to think more about these possibilities and a new direction of thinking for planners. The advantages of using the underground are obvious. In metropolitan cities in Netherlands, Israel or Japan, which have to face growing population, agricultural as well as open green spaces have to be protected. With the immense population growth, costs of land use increase and the climate in the cities deteriorates. The transfer of the essential utilization below ground surface can help to reduce the visual impacts of big cities, as well as preserve and create open green spaces and change the image of modern cities. Especially in Japan there is an increasing interest in going underground. The idea to build a whole city in an abandoned coalmine however is new. In this specific case, the underground city is planned to be realized 200m below the surface in the abandoned tunnels of the former coalmine in Labin, Croatia. An underground city with all the amenities of a city above ground, but with a completely new character and atmosphere, which could be just artificially created above ground. Realized under the city of Labin, which has to fight against the highest unemployment rate in the whole region of Istria. The visualization methods used in this project do not aim to communicate a detailed concept, but tend towards a virtual travel through a city in a mine, with its qualities, possibilities as well as limitations which will lead to a completely new direction of creating ideas for planning.


Sequence databases have become more visible through the heavy publicity associated with the Human Genome Project. This paper looks at some of the emerging artefacts and systems developed to read, write, order and visualise sequence data and other kinds of biological data retrieved from databases and databanks such as GenBank. It argues that bioinformatics software can be regarded as a symptom of a broad and powerful transformation in biological knowledges and in the biopolitical constitution of living bodies. Two facets of this transformation are emphasised. Firstly, examining bioinformatics software might help us situate how sequence data is actually circulating, and to what ends. In particular, the paper looks at the significance of sequence comparison and protein folding problems. Secondly, an emerging nexus of property relations and intellectual work can be detected within the ordering of sequence data carried out bioinformatics.


This paper proposes an algorithm which determines the location relationship beween two loops in plane pockets by comparing the maximum coordinate values of the vertices in the two loops and calculating the number of intersectional points which lie on the radial line from one maximum vertex to the other loop. The topological relation of the loops can also be determined by setting up tree structure and then the cutting area can be decided on.


Abstract— The effects of 2‐(2‐(4‐(diphenylmethyl)‐1‐piperadinyl) ethoxy) benzoic acid malate (ZCR‐2060) on allergic airway inflammation and inflammatory cell activation in guinea‐pigs were studied. Allergic airway inflammation was induced by inhalation of antigen into actively‐sensitized animals and the increase in inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured. Aeroantigen‐induced infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils and neutrophils, in BALF gradually increased, and reached a peak at 6 or 9 h after the challenge. ZCR‐2060 (1 mg kg−1 p.o.) clearly inhibited the increase of eosinophil numbers in BALF. Moreover, the effect of ZCR‐2060 on inflammatory cell activation in terms of chemotaxis and superoxide generation in‐vitro was studied. ZCR‐2060 (10−6‐10−4 m) inhibited the platelet‐activating factor (PAF)‐induced chemotaxis of eosinophils and neutrophils, but did not inhibit the leukotriene B4‐induced chemotaxis of eosinophils and the formyl‐Met‐Leu‐Phe‐induced chemotaxis of neutrophils. PAF‐induced superoxide anion generation by eosinophils, neutrophils and alveolar macrophages was inhibited by ZCR‐2060 (10−6‐10−4 m). However, ZCR‐2060 did not affect phorbol myristate acetate‐induced superoxide anion generation by eosinophils, neutrophils and alveolar macrophages. These results indicate that ZCR‐2060 inhibits allergic airway inflammation, and PAF‐induced inflammatory cell activation in guinea‐pigs. ZCR‐2060 may prove useful for the treatment of allergic airway inflammation or allergic disorders, especially inflammatory cell infiltration and activation.


I . Dilute alkaline solutions of a cyanide can be concentrated under diminished pressure without appreciable loss of cyanide. 2. The maximum quantity of Prussian blue can be obtained from a cyanide o'nly when the volume of the solution to be tested is sufficiently small, as has been indicated by Berl and Delpy and by Lander and Walden. 3. In the test for a cyanide i t is better to acidify with nitric or sulfuric acid than with hydrochloric, since an excess of the latter tends to produce a green color. 4. Any considerable excess of ferric salts should be avoided in testing for a cyanide. 5 . Application of heat is not necessary in testing for a cyanide by the method described. 6 . The presence of certain salts, particularly potassium fluoride, in the liquid to be tested, has proved to be of great advantage. 7 . The method furnishes a very delicate qualitative test for the presence of a cyanide. 8. The method is suitable for the estimation of very small quantities of a cyanide in distillates. 9. The test as described herein can be applied microchemically to sections of cyanogenetic plants.


The present invention discloses an optical imaging method using the single pixel detector, the image of the target object represented by discrete pixels, a size of M × N matrix of pixels, wherein: generating a structured light field by the cosine generator series of different frequencies by the cosine distribution of the light field, each set of frequencies corresponding to at least three different initial phase values φ, these different frequencies, different cosine field distribution of the light in the initial phase sequentially irradiation target object, a photodetector sequentially received light intensity signal from the target object, and then sequentially recorded values acquired in response to the photodetector to obtain a target object image in accordance with the Fourier transform spectrum of response values, two-dimensional Fourier transform spectrum inverse discrete Fourier transform, the reconstruction image of the target object . The present invention cosine spatial structure of the light field is determined with the analytical representation of a mathematical function, on this basis, to construct an image reconstruction algorithm parsing, we can significantly reduce the number of measurements to obtain a high quality reconstructed image.


We compute the quantum Fisher information (QFI) associated with two different local operators in the Kitaev honeycomb model, and find divergent behaviour in the second derivatives of these quantities with respect to the driving parameter at the quantum phase transition between the gapped and gapless phases for both fully anti-ferromagnetic and fully ferromagnetic exchange couplings. The QFI associated with a local magnetization operator behaves differently from that associated with a local bond operator depending on whether the critical point is approached from the gapped or gapless side. We show how the behaviour of the second derivative of the QFI at the critical point can be understood in terms of diverging length scales in the correlators of the local generators.


Superpixels are the small regions in which the pixels are consistent in color, intensity and texture. The superpixels contain the principal features of the particular regions, and can remain the important boundary information at the same time. It is the natural unit to describe an image, compared to the pixel which is considered as the physical unit. In this paper, we propose a novel method on superpixel-based depth map merging MVS algorithm. A Markov Random Fields model with more possible depth candidates from neighboring segments is built to acquire the depth assignment for each pixel. Moreover, in order to obtain more accurate depth information, a novel depth map generation framework with respect to multi-scaled superpixel segmentation is employed. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of our proposed method.


The present invention relates to a fuzzy control system for a robot and medical implemented method, comprising means for setting fuzzy inference on the micro controller, the fuzzy inference device comprising an input means for external interaction fuzzy rules, the module communicates with the outside communication memory module for storing a fuzzy model and connected to the storage module for communicating with a fuzzy logic decision module connection established fuzzy model, the memory module, the module is associated with a fuzzy logic decision a fuzzification interface communication connection for input parameters, said decision module is further fuzzy logic simulator, the output parameters for the fuzzy solution communication interfaces respectively connected, the defuzzification interface is further connected to the communication module communicates with the outside ; and its implementation method. The use of outside interaction module, memory module, fuzzy logic and decision-making module simulator technology, the medical robot has a certain intelligence, assist doctors to make a reasonable treatment plan.


Vitamin C is a widely used food ingredient, and its stability is both important and sensitive to environmental conditions. To monitor chemical and color stability, samples were prepared with varying water contents (0–50 mol water/mol solid) and stored at temperatures (22–60°C) for up to eight weeks. Three common methods (UV/Vis spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, and 2,6-dichloroindophenol titration) were used to monitor chemical stability. Color changes were documented using Hunter colorimeter analysis. Both temperature and moisture content had a significant effect on chemical stability. Browning occurred faster than chemical degradation, and kinetic models were developed for both chemical degradation and color change.


Wittgenstein's work remains, undeniably, now, that off one of those few philosophers who will be read by all future generations.


A series of novel functionalized triphenylene discotic dimers was synthesized starting from 2-hydroxy-3,6,7,10,11-pentaalkoxytriphenylene. Nitration of monohydroxypentaalkoxytriphenylene gave the mononitromonohydroxypentaalkoxytriphenylene which was alkylated with 2-bromoethanol. The resulting alcohol was coupled with various diacids. These compounds are unique in that they possess an electron withdrawing group (and consequently a large dipole moment) connected directly to the aromatic core. It is well known that connecting two discotic molecules together via a spacer (discotic dimers) stabilizes the columnar mesophase significantly and often leads to the formation of glassy materials. The introduction of functionality into LCs allows the variation of their properties on a wide scale and opens the route to new synthetic supramolecular systems for various device applications.


The Belize Valley figures prominently in the history of Maya archaeology as the birthplace of settlement pattern surveys, where Gordon R. Willey and his colleagues conducted their pioneering research project, from 1954 to 1956. Six decades on, settlement surveys are an integral part of archaeological research strategies not only across the Maya area, but globally. With the advent of LiDAR technology, settlement surveys enter a new developmental phase, and we take this opportunity to review the history and progress of these surveys in the Belize Valley. We focus on one particular archaeological site, Baking Pot, so as to better illustrate the methods and technological advances that have been brought to bear in the mapping of one ancient Maya city-state. Now that the survey of this ancient settlement is nearing completion, we veer from traditional settlement surveys that in principle focus on unbounded central places and centroids, in an attempt to tackle an important question, which to date has remained conspicuously understudied, that of borders and boundaries. Using a series of geospatial analyses, we investigate the potential of these approaches for reconstructing ancient polity boundaries and as lessons learned we explore which methods are of greater utility and can be applied to other surveys in the Maya lowlands.


There is a lot of discussions around the process of professional education for socio-educational activity answering new challenges of training competencies of social work professionals. Academic discourses are related not only with the concept of professionalization, but also are focused on such kind of training, which is adequate to accepted standards and individual as well as social expectations. Undertaken discourse on educational dimensions of  professionalization of social workers is a kind of reflection on possible aspects of exploration of the problem and dilemmas connected with creating expected knowledge, skills and attitudes, which are friendly for effective social work practice.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to perform an experimental investigation to analyze vibration and noise of unloaded gearbox with different oil quality. All motor-driven machinery used in the modern world can develop faults. The maintenance plans include analyzing the external relevant information of critical components, in order to evaluate its internal state. From the beginning of the twentieth century, different technologies have been used to process signals of dynamical systems. Design/methodology/approach – A proposed neural network (NN) is also employed to predict vibration parameters of the experimental test rig. Moreover, four types of oils are used for gearbox to predict reliable oil. Vibration signals extracted from rotating parts of machineries carry lot many information within them about the condition of the operating machine. Further processing of these raw vibration signatures measured at a convenient location of the machine unravels the condition of the component or the assembly unde...


European integration has profound effects on national systems of industrial relations. To date, most empirical research has addressed the role of unions and organized labour; there has been far less attention paid to the impact of Europeanization on the strategic outlook and representational activities of organized business interests. This article draws on a survey of Dutch trade and employers' associations to argue that such organizations are in the process of adjusting their external affiliations to the demands of effective agitation in a multilevel governance system. However, the national level remains the most important focal point in the representational strategies of business associations.


Abstract : This research will examine the optimal maintenance and replacement policies for a generic machine with periodic inspection intervals. The considered reliability models consist of a single machine that can fail during operation or else may be found to be inoperative during regularly-scheduled maintenance inspections. A distinction will be made between spontaneously-occurring failures during operation and those that are discovered during inspections. Since the elapsed time between inspections is constant, the resulting stochastic reliability process becomes non-Markovian, and thus a Semi-Markov Decision Process (SMDP) framework must be employed in order to determine the cost-optimal stationary policy consisting of repair and replace decisions and inspection intervals. Using the methodology developed here, a system controller will be able to readily develop an inspection-based strategy to optimize the overall costs of maintaining systems with a variety of failure characteristics over a finite time horizon.


This study is the result of the discovery of some fragments of mural Roman paintings found in some excavation sites in the town of Cartagena, which can be classified in the first Pompeian style (end of the 2nd century BC). Their ornamental scheme consists of an imitation in stucco of «spun of padded (dressed) marble» or more commonly denominated as isodomic apparel, whose purpose is not only functional or destined to cover the several materials employed in the construction, but also ornamental and associated to concepts like gravitas and mos maiorum .


A review of Sally Harper, Music in Welsh Culture Before 1650: A Study of the Principal Sources (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007), ISBN 978-0-7546-5263-2, xx + 462pp, $99.95/£60.


In this paper I discuss the reality that deductive inference is not the only way we explain in science. I discuss the role of the opportunity for an adaptation in the biosphere and claim that such an opportunity is a 'blind final cause', not an efficient cause, yet shapes evolution. I also argue that Darwinian exaptations are not describable by sufficient natural law. Based on an argument of Sir Karl Popper, I claim that no law, or function, f, maps a decoherence process in a Special Relativity setting from a specific space-time slice into its future. If true this suggests there can be no theory of everything entailing all that happens. I then discuss whether we can view laws as 'enabling constraints' and what they enable. Finally, in place of the weak Anthropic principle in a multiverse, I suggest that we might consider Darwin all the way down. It is not impossible that a single universe has an abiotic natural selection process for laws as enabling constraints and that the single universe that 'wins' is ours. One possible criterion of winning might be 'most rapid growth of the Adjacent Possible of the universe'.


Based on the envelope line in the terminal plane,the three-dimension model of twin-screw adopted in the preparation of metal semi-solid slurry was studied using the software code Pro/E.The twin-screw rotated in the same direction,and had the ability of self-cleaning,which was the advantage compared to those normal twin-screws.The twin-screw was assembled in the phase difference equals to 90°,and from the schematic plan,the space between them was very uniform.All these features will provide the shearing and mixing ability to the semi-solid slurry,which is beneficial to the glomeration of crystal grain.This work laid a solid foundation for fabricating the device and numerical simulation of metal semi-solid slurry preparation.


An analytical expression is derived for the differential coefficient for elastic reflection of charged particles by a slab of arbitrary thickness. The most probable angle in the reflection spectrum is calculated. (AIP)


Optimized management of energy resources within smart microgrids may require an approximation of near future power demands to institute efficient scheduling of tasks. Since demands are volatile in shorter time spans, localized short-term prediction of demand is non-trivial. Local prediction requires efficiency of calculations to minimize computational resources. To address this concern we present a predictor based on the Interacting Multiple Model Kalman filters. This approach supports effective year round prediction while only storing two model demand profiles. We demonstrate that the approach provides consistency in intra-day demand prediction across an entire year.


Abstract An overview of the results of the interaction of β-lactamic antibiotics with some transition metal ions is given. Several complexes have been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. Some exhibit very promising antibacterial activity. Clavulanic acid (L1), penicillin (L2), ampicillin (L3), cephalexin (L4), cefazolin (L5) and cephalothin (L6) were allowed to react with metal ions in methanol under nitrogen. IR spectra of clavulanic acid, penicillin and ampicillin complexes showed strong modifications of the carbonyl group located on the lactamic ring, indicating that this oxygen participates in the coordination to the metal ions along with the carboxylate group. Thus L1 and L2 behave as monoanionic bidentate ligands while L3 behaves as a monoanionic tridentate ligand. The IR spectra of cephalexin, cefazolin and cephalotin chelates show that the beta lactamic carbonyl group does not participate in coordination to the metal ions. A relationship between the structure of the complexes and their antibacterial activity can be observed. In vitro antibacterial activity of the antibiotics and the complexes were tested using the filter paper diffusion method and the chosen strains include Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Salmonella typhimorium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus cereus ATCC 9634, Proteus mirabilis 35659, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 9920, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp ATCC 11126, Streptococcus viridans and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 497.


The ACVBP regimen is commonly used in young poor-risk patients with DLBCL candidates to first line consolidative high-dose therapy followed by autologous stem cells transplantation in GELA trials. The combination with the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab (R-ACVBP) is now routinely used, as induction treatment and to mobilize peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC). The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of rituximab on PBSC mobilization and collection in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL receiving ACVBP chemotherapy. We reviewed the data from two prospective controlled trials. The first, conducted between 1999 and 2003, involved patients presenting with 2 or 3 adverse prognostic factors on the basis of the age-adjusted IPI (aa-IPI), treated by ACVBP (LNH 98B-3) (ASCO2007:8018). In the second trial (LNH 03-3B), conducted between 2004 and 2007, similar patients received the same initial inductive chemotherapy combined to rituximab (375mg/m 2 at D1). 137 and 91 patients in the ACVBP and the R-ACVBP groups are here analyzed, respectively. Clinical and biological characteristics at diagnosis of the two groups of patients were similar (aa-IPI 2 and aa-IPI 3: 75% and 25%, respectively). The conditions for G-CSF administration and stem cell collections were identical. PBSC mobilizations were performed following the third or fourth cycle of (R)-ACVBP. The median delay between day 1 of chemotherapy and the first hemapheresis was identical for both groups. First hemapheresis was performed with a median peripheral white blood cell concentration of 16.2 x 10 9 /l and 16.6 x 10 9 /l for ACVBP and R-ACVBP groups, respectively. The median peak number of peripheral blood CD34+ cells observed the same day of first hemapheresis in ACVBP and R-ACVBP group was 69 x 10 6 /l and 63 x 10 6 /l, respectively (p = 0.5). The median number of CD34+ cells collected were 7.1 x 10 6 and 6.0 x 10 6 CD34 cells/kg for ACVBP and R-ACVBP groups (p = 0.12) while the median number of hemapheresis to target a minimal number of 3 x 10 6 CD34 cells/kg was identical, of one, in both groups. Failure of stem cell collection , defined as less than 3 x 10 6 CD34 cells/kg harvested, was observed in 8% and 4% of the patients who received ACVBP or R-ACVBP , respectively (p = 0.13). We conclude that rituximab combined to ACVBP regimen does not impair PBSC mobilization and collection.


Objective To investigate the effects of metoprolol on the cardiac failure in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Methods The epitopes of the second extracellular loop of β_1 receptor were synthesized and used respectively to screen sera autoantibodies from hypertensive and diabetic patients with(n=96) and without (n=60) cardiac failure and normal group (n=60) by ELISA. Treatment group underwent metoprolol 25mg bid except for the basal drugs for 3~6 months. The indexes of left ventricular systole function (LVEDV, LVESV,EF)were detected. Results The positive rate of autoantibody against β_1-adrenergic receptor (AABR) was higher in DM and hypertension group with (53.1%) versus without (11.7%) cardiac failure (P0.01). Effective rate of metoprolol treatment was higher in AABR(+) versus (-) group(88% vs 51%,P0.01). Conclusions The autoantibodies against β_1-adrenergic receptor may play important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiac failure in the diabetes mellitus with hypertension. Metoprolol is effective and safe in the treatment of cardiac failure in diabetes mellitus with hypertension.


Thank you very much for reading handwriting recognition soft computing and probabilistic approaches. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this handwriting recognition soft computing and probabilistic approaches, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


Case Report: A 57-year-old man with a history of dilated cardiomyopathy underwent heart transplantation. The operative procedure went smoothly. Six days later, routine two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DE) was performed at the bedside (Philips Healthcare, Andover, MA, USA), which showed normal left ventricular (LV) function. In addition, a small bulb-like aneurysm located at the LV apex was found without evidence of rupture by color Doppler. However, 2 weeks later, the patient noticed gradually progressive dyspnea. 2DE was repeated and, in addition, three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DE) was performed in the Echo Laboratory. The images shown in Figures 1–3 and movie clips S1 and S2 were obtained using a Philips iE33 system with an X5-1 transducer (Philips Healthcare). This showed a loculated pericardial fluid collection at the LV apex, a hematoma-like mass around the LV lateral wall, and a defect in the region of the LV apex. In addition, color Doppler showed the flow signals moving from the LV apex into the pericardial space in systole and moving back into the LV during diastole. Cropping of the three-dimensional dataset enabled en face viewing of the apical defect. This was irregular in shape and measured 0.7 cm in area. 2DE failed to visualize the defect en face. Thus, 3DE provided incremental value over 2DE in the assessment of apical rupture in our patient. The patient underwent surgical repair of the LV rupture, and the hematoma was removed. He had an uneventful recovery.


A concealed hinge structure for furniture comprises a movable cup holder arranged on a furniture door, an adjusting base arranged on a furniture body, a rotating arm connected between the movable cup holder and the adjusting base, and an elastic piece at least generating opening and closing acting force on the movable cup holder. The front face of the rotating arm is shaped like a Chinese character 'jia', an arm rod at the small end of the rotating arm is hinged to the movable cup holder through a hinge pin and forms an arc-shaped face to be connected with the elastic piece, the top face of the large end of the rotating arm is a plane, an adjusting assembly is arranged on the top face of the large end of the rotating arm to be connected with the adjusting base in a matched mode, and the adjusting base is provided with a fixing piece to be used in cooperation with the adjusting assembly for positioning. According to the concealed hinge structure for furniture, the front face of the rotating arm is designed to be shaped like the Chinese character 'jia', the arm rod at the small end of the rotating arm is hinged to the movable cup holder through the hinge pin, the top face of the large end of the rotating arm is a plane, and the adjusting assembly is arranged on the top face of the large end of the rotating arm to be connected with the adjusting base in the matched mode, so that while the production technology is simplified, the firmness of structures between the rotating arm, the adjusting base and the adjusting assembly is higher because the adjusting base is provided with the fixing piece to be used in cooperation with the adjusting assembly for positioning, and the assembly is more compact.


[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Recently, Chris Emmons and some associates had to make a stop at Pika Energy, a local business. The bankers drove up to a home, went around the back, and entered the basement, where a handful of people comprising Pika's executive management and staff were awaiting their $30,000 check. That's not usually how bankers deliver loan funds. Actually, the check didn't represent loan proceeds. Instead, Emmons, who is the president and CEO of $910 million-assets Gorham Savings Bank, was delivering jumpstart money to the fledgling firm's three founders, all with roots at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Pika, started in 2010 to devise wind turbine technology--practical down to the level of individual homes and mini-grids--had won the bank's first annual "Launchpad" competition. The bank had opened the competition in January to encourage entrepreneurial efforts that would boost Maine's prospects. Pika's team had earned the award after a tough multi-stage competition that drew nearly 250 entrants, each of whom began by submitting a detailed business plan for what it would do with the top prize and explaining how it would improve the Maine economy. Pika's president and cofounder Ben Polito had lived on an island farm in Maine that was off the grid, during high school, and brought some early experience with wind generation technology there to his startup. This summer, Pika used its winnings to move production of its Pika Energy T701 Wind Turbine out of the basement and into a 4,300-square-foot manufacturing facility. The firm expected this to enable commercial-level production, enabling it to begin marketing its systems to homeowners this year. "This is an exciting time at Pika as we transition from an R&D operation into a manufacturer of clean distributed-generation systems," says Polito. Banker Emmons himself is excited about the entree that the competition provided for Gorham Savings to the state's community of entrepreneurs, innovative small firms, inventors, and startups that he says typically fly beneath the radar of commercial lenders--even community banks. "There is a whole culture and community that supports these efforts," says Emmons. But often they don't immediately mesh with banks because of their size and lack of bankable cash flow. "Through Launchpad, we've had the opportunity to get much closer to this community," says Emmons. "It has engaged our bank in a way that many of our employees have grown very excited about." The bank has seen multiple payoffs from an effort that began simply. Getting Launchpad off the ground "A breath of fresh banking" is Gorham Savings' marketing motto, and management and the bank's marketing firm were searching for ways to make that attitude concrete among the southern Maine business community. At the same time, Emmons says, there had been much discussion among board members, as well as among members of the Maine Bankers Association, about how banks could do things to positively impact the state's economy. With tools such as crowdfunding, where strangers invest in product and service ideas through websites like Kickstarter, the management knew that there was interest in funding entrepreneurs. "That kind of idea came up early, and it struck a chord with everyone," says Emmons. The bank tapped government agencies, educational institutions, associations, and private organizations that work with entrepreneurs to frame the program and set rules. Among the criteria for ideas were that they had to lead to added jobs, new products or services, enhanced exports, or cost-saving efficiencies. The bank's contacts helped convince management that the Launchpad prize had to be real money to attract attention and make it worth the entrepreneurs' time and effort to frame formal business plans for submission. …


Red phosphors of were synthesized by using the solid-state reaction method. The phase structure and morphology of the phosphors were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The optical properties of phosphors with concentrations of ions of 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mol were investigated at room temperature. The crystals were hexagonal with a rhombohedral lattice. The excitation spectra of all the phosphors, irrespective of the concentrations, were composed of a broad band centered at 265 nm and a narrow band having peak at 274 nm. As for the emission spectra, the peak wavelength was 613 nm under a 274 nm ultraviolet excitation. The intensity ratio of the red emission transition () to orange () shows that the ions occupy sites of no inversion symmetry in the host. In conclusion, the optimum doping concentration of ions for preparing phosphors was found to be 0.15 mol.


An analytical study is presented for the vibration characteristics of thin circular plates with rotational elastic edge support and resting on an elastic foundation. The Winkler model was used to describe this foundation. The exact analytical method is used to derive the frequency equation of the plate with elastic support and resting on this foundation. Parametric investigations of the vibration of circular plates with an restrained elastically edge against rotation and resting on an elastic foundation have been carried out with respect to various rotational stiffness parameters, foundation stiffness parameters, and boundary conditions. Twelve vibration modes are presented. The location of the stepped region with respect to rotational restraint changed very little and moved from the range of 0.014 26† [10.006 204 8‡]–1 134.227 [10.025 94] to 0.017 58 [14.001 133]–6 352.958 2 [14.658 356]. Here, † represents the rotational spring stiffness ratio, and ‡ represents the foundation stiffness ratio. Extensive data are tabulated so that pertinent conclusions can be arrived at on the influence of rotational edge restraint and the foundation parameters of a Winkler foundation on the natural frequencies of uniform thin isotropic circular plates.


This work deals with the chemical modification of wheat straw, a common lignocellulosic agricultural residue, to obtain low cost adsorbents for diminishing an oil-products spill in seawater. The adsorbent was modified by acid hydrolysis, i.e. 0.045 N sulfuric acid as a chemical catalyst, in a PARR autoclave at 160-220C for 0-50 min isothermal time period. The oil adsorbency tests were performed, using diesel and crude oil of predetermined quality specifications. Water adsorbency-values for reaction ending temperature at 160°C were found to increase from 4.89 g/g to a maximum of 9.08 g/g for isothermal reaction time 0 min. At 180°C the maximum was 7.05 g/g for the same isothermal reaction time. At 200 and 220°C the water adsorbency was decreasing as low as 0.93 g/g for extreme hydrolysis conditions. Diesel adsorbencyvalues for reaction ending temperature at 160°C were found to increase from 2.77 g/g to a maximum of 5.24 g/g for isothermal reaction time 20 min. At 180°C the maximum was 5.14 g/g for isothermal reaction time 30 min. At 200°C the maximum was 4.16 g/g for the same isothermal reaction time. At 220°C the maximum was 4.76 g/g for isothermal reaction time 50 min. Crude oil adsorbency-values for reaction ending temperature at 160°C were found to increase from 2.82 g/g to a maximum of 5.38 g/g for isothermal reaction time the same with that in the case of diesel. At 180°C the maximum was 5.17 g/g for isothermal reaction time 0 min. At 200°C the maximum was 5.16 g/g for isothermal reaction time 50 min. At 220°C the maximum was 4.78 g/g for the same isothermal reaction time. Key-Words: adsorbent, acid hydrolysis, lignocellulosic, oil spill, pretreatment, wheat straw.


The molecular mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of gingivobuccal complex (GBC) cancers—a sub‐site of oral cancer, comprising the buccal mucosa, the gingivobuccal sulcus, the lower gingival region, and the retromolar trigone–remain poorly understood. Identifying the GBC cancer‐related gene expression signature and the driver genes residing on the altered chromosomal regions is critical for understanding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. Genome‐wide expression profiling of 27 GBC cancers with known chromosomal alterations was performed to reveal differentially expressed genes. Putative driver genes were identified by integrating copy number and gene expression data. A total of 315 genes were found differentially expressed (P ≤ 0.05, logFC > 2.0) of which 11 genes were validated by real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) in tumors (n = 57) and normal GBC tissues (n = 18). Overexpression of LY6K, in chromosome band 8q24.3, was validated by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. We found that 78.5% (2,417/3,079) of the genes located in regions of recurrent chromosomal alterations show copy number dependent expression indicating that copy number alteration has a direct effect on global gene expression. The integrative analysis revealed BIRC3 in 11q22.2 as a candidate driver gene associated with poor clinical outcome. Our study identified previously unreported differentially expressed genes in a homogeneous subtype of oral cancer and the candidate driver genes that may contribute to the development and progression of the disease. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Objective
To detect the changes of serum lipid levels in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients, investigate the relationship between ApoB and HOMA-IRI and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Methods
One hundred and eighty-two patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to the medical department of Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University from January 2015 to August 2016 were enrolled in this study.All patients underwent EMG detection, the MCV of bilateral median nerve, tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve, and the SCV of median nerve, ulnar nerve and sural nerve.According to the detection results and symptoms and signs, the subjects were divided into type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy group (DPN, 86 cases) and type 2 diabetic non peripheral neuropathy group (NDPN, 96 cases). The general demographic data of the two groups was recorded, including TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FBG, HaBlc, FINS, UA, UAE and HOMA-IRI, to analyze the relationship between the nerve conduction velocity in type 2 diabetes patients with peripheral neuropathy and HDL-C, LDL-C, FINS, HbAlc, ApoB, HOMA-IRI.

Results
The course of disease in patients with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy ( (9.53 + 2.38) years, UAE (22.24) mg/L) was higher than that in patients with type 2 diabetic non peripheral neuropathy ( (6.37 + 1.59) years and UAE (9.83) mg/L); FINS and HOMA-IRI levels in the DPN group were lower than those in the NDPN group ( (16.33±2.33) vs.(35.16±5.02), 4.94 vs.15.27, t=10.629, 4.459, 31.842, 3.128, P<0.05); the level of TG, LDL-C and ApoB in patients with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy was higher than those in patients with type 2diabetic non peripheral neuropathy, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the disorder of lipid metabolism in the DPN group was serious, whose occurrence rate was higher compared with the NDPN group (P<0.05); the MCV of median nerve was negatively correlated with ApoB (r=-0.278, P=0.041), SCV was positively correlated with HDL-C (r=0.425, P=0.002); MCV of tibial nerve was positively correlated with HDL-C (r=0.335, P=0.031), SCV of ulnar nerve was positively correlated with HDL-C (r=0.425, P=0.004) and FINS (r=0.387, P=0.006), negatively correlated with HOMA-IRI (r=-0.405, P=0.008); sural nerve SCV was positively correlated with HDLD-C (r=0.532, P=0.001), and HbAlc (r=-0.383, P=0.005), negatively correlated with LDL-C (r=-0.361, P=0.018).

Conclusion
Nerve conduction velocities in patients with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy were associated with HDL-C, LDL-C, FINS, HbAlc, ApoB, and HOMA-IRI.

Key words:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Lipid metabolism disorder; Serum lipid level; Diabetic peripheral neuropathy


This research was conducted at KSP Karya Utama Mandiri (KARUMA) Semarang with the aim of research to determine the effect the dimensions of reliability, responsiveness of service, assurance, empathy and physical evidence (tangible) service to satisfaction KSP customers KARUMA Semarang. A sample of 100 respondents, using accidental sampling technique that researchers choose any members of the population who happen to meet with researchers that are considered to provide the necessary information. Methods of data analysis using linear regression. The test results showed that the dimensions of reliability service, responsiveness dimensions or responsiveness, assurance or guarantee the dimension, the dimension and the dimension of empathy or concern tangibles or physical evidence of a positive effect partially and simultaneously toward customer satisfaction KSP KARUMA Semarang. Keywords: service quality, relia bility, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, tangibles customer satisfaction.


In this study, we prepared silica millbase in organic solvent system and acrylic-based binder to obtain an organic insulating film with high transmittance and low dielectric constant. Appropriate dispersion medium was chosen, type of dispersant and amount of dispersant was determined for well-dispersed silica millbase, to prevent silica particles from agglomerating, and a suitable acrylic-base binder was designed and synthesized. The organic insulating film had transmittance of at least about 90%, and had a dielectric constant of less than 2. The organic insulating film has potential application in TFT-LCD as well as other types of display.


The QS World University Ranking is an established ranking of universities that is usually considered definitive. Quacquarelli Symonds examines more than 2,000 institutions and ranks more than 800 of them, taking into account and weighting numerous factors while compiling the list…


Violations of the ambient air quality standard (AAQS) for hydrogen sulfide (H/sub 2/S) are currently being experienced in The Geysers KGRA and could significantly increase in the future. Attainment and maintenance of the H/sub 2/S AAQS is a potential constraint to optimum development of this resource. The availability of reliable H/sub 2/S controls and the development of a validated air dispersion model are critical to alleviating this constraint. The purpose of this report is to assess the performance capabilities for state-of-the-art controls, to identify potential cost-effective alternative controls, and to identify the California Energy Commission (CEC) staff's efforts to develop a validated air dispersion model. Currently available controls (Stretford, Hydrogen Peroxide, and EIC) are capable of abating H/sub 2/S emissions from a proposed facility to five lbs/hr. Alternative controls, such as condensate stripping and condensate pH control, appear to be promising, cost-effective control options.


We present a general formalism based on the framework of noncommutative geometry, suitable to the study of the standard model of electroweak interactions, as well as that of more general gauge theories. Left- and right-handed chiral fields are assigned to two different sheets of space–time (a discretized version of Kaluza–Klein theory). Scalar Higgs fields find themselves treated on the same footing as the gauge fields, resulting in spontaneous symmetry breaking in a natural and predictable way. As a first test, we apply the formalism to the Standard Model, where one can predict the Higgs mass and the top Yukawa coupling. The results obtained for this case are similar with results obtained in alternate formulations. We then study the left–right symmetric model, where we show that this framework imposes interesting constraints on the type and coefficients of terms appearing in the Higgs potential.


Alzheimer's dementia treatment recommendations; Caring for caregivers: The key to keeping dementia patients out of nursing homes; News from the FDA.


Photonics crystal optomechanical cavities fabricated on a commercial CMOS-compatible foundry are demonstrated. Despite the limited foundry design rules we could achieve a ultra-high Q (9.1 × 105) photonic crystals and optomechanical crystal cavities with large coupling rate (g0 = 60 KHz).


The basic characteristics of the European Union, as well as its trade and economic partnership with Ukraine. The dynamics of exports and imports of the European Union over the last 10 years. Built economic and mathematical model on the basis of which carried out the forecast amount of exports and imports for the next 3 years. The dynamics of imports and exports of Ukraine with the EU. Based on statistics built economic and mathematical model and the forecast, which allows to quantify the extent of the future partnership between Ukraine and the EU. Construction of models was performed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. These forecasts help in assessing the future prospects of trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and the countries of the EU.


This paper describes the design and testing of a mobile sensing kit for real-time urban site analysis. It aims to contribute to a discussion on the importance of sensing-based mapping of urban phenomena following our assertion that current delivery of urban analysis methodologies, with their emphasis on visuo-spatial analysis only, fail to create maps that reflect the nuanced and layered interrelationships between the people and the physical environmental space they live in. In essence, the paper will bring to light the set up components and deployment of a mobile sensing kit that allows for usually mapped static invisible data (air quality, temperature, humidity) to be mapped as visible data. In other words, we want to explore how real-time geo-referenced data collection can enhance traditional data mapping and visualization methods enabling designers to understand better the urban space.


BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract. No effective biomarkers currently exist to allow for an efficient risk classification of endometrial carcinoma or to direct treatment (adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy) or to triage pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) a transmembrane protein of the immunoglobulin family that has been implicated in promoting tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis became an attractive candidate as a potential biomarker in endometrial carcinoma and potential therapeutic target in high-risk groups.
OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of L1CAM expression in endometrial carcinoma and correlation of this expression with various pathological parameters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for L1CAM was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of 80 cases of endometrial carcinomas that underwent total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Expression of L1CAM in >10% of tumor cells was interpreted as positive.
RESULTS: L1CAM expression was detected in 22.5% of cases and showed statistically significant correlation with non-endometrioid histological type, high grade, high FIGO stage, high pathological (T) stage, cervical involvement, nodal metastasis, lymphovascular space invasion, and high-risk tumor according to the European Society for Medical Oncology system for risk stratification (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The high rate of L1CAM expression in high-risk endometrial carcinomas suggests that L1CAM represents a potential marker for the identification of patients needing closer follow-up and aggressive treatment. In addition, its potential role as a therapeutic target for high-risk endometrial cancer seems promising.


In photosystem II of green plants the key photosynthetic reaction consists of the transfer of an electron from the primary donor called P680 to a nearby pheophytin molecule. We analyzed the temperature dependence of this reaction by subpicosecond transient absorption spectroscopy over the temperature range 20-240 K using isolated photo- systemIIreactioncentersfromspinach.Afterexcitationinthe red edge of the Qy absorption band, the decay of the excited statecanconvenientlybedescribedbytwokineticcomponents that both accelerate with temperature. This temperature behavior differs remarkably from that observed in purple bacterial reaction centers. We attribute the first component, which accelerates from 2.6 ps at 20 K to 0.4 ps at 240 K, to charge separation after direct excitation of P680, and explain its temperature dependence by an intermediate that lies in energy above the singlet-excited P680 and that possibly has charge-transfercharacter.Thesecondcomponentaccelerates from 120 ps at 20 K to 18 ps at 240 K and is attributed to charge separation after direct excitation of the ''trap'' state near-degeneratewithP680andsubsequentslowenergy trans- fer from this trap state to P680. We suggest that the slow energytransferfromthetrapstatetoP680playsanimportant role in the kinetics of radical pair formation at room tem- perature.


This summary is a combination of material presented during spring and summer of 1997 in hour talks by Clarence Wilkerson at the Midwest Topology Seminar, the Kazimierz Workshop, and the Bonn Workshop. It is based in part on unpublished work of W. G. Dwyer and the author, as well as reports of work in progress of others.


Macropod communities are most diverse in eastern Australia. Patterns of macropod abundance along environmental gradients were examined from data collected on transects located in open forest, woodland, and pasture close to forest or woodland, throughout eastern Australia from latitudes 18-33° S. Nine species of macropod were recorded on the transects. Classification of the species by their abundance on transects grouped species in accordance with the latitudinal extent of their complete ranges. Three important environmental gradients were identified from 20 environmental variables measured at each transect: a climate-human influence gradient, contrasting heavily populated, temperate areas with sparsely populated, tropical/xeric areas; an elevation gradient, contrasting high, cold, sparsely vegetated areas with low, densely vegetated areas; and a physical-vegetation gradient, contrasting steep, rocky, densely vegetated areas with flat, sparsely vegetated areas. Most species showed significant variation in abundance across these gradients. Patterns of ecological separation of the species along the gradients are examined and discussed. Total macropod abundance, richness and diversity showed a unimodal pattern along the climate-human influence gradient, with low levels at the gradient's extremes and high levels mid-way along the gradient. This pattern of richness and diversity is consistent with both productivity and structural diversity hypotheses. Abundance, richness and diversity varied linearly along the elevation and physical-vegetation gradients, with values increasing as elevation and slope increased. Variation in macropod abundance, richness and diversity along the physical-vegetation gradient may be related to shelter availability.


There is a growing tendency to boost the capacity of traction motors for rolling stock. At the same time the motors are subject to rigid restrictions in weight and dimensions. To raise motor capacity it is therefore necessary to improve the insulation system. The IEC provides that the insulation system of the Class H traction motor must continuously endure temperatures up to 180 degree C. For the purpose of improving reliability, a Class C insulation system capable of withstanding 220 degree C continuously has been developed. The Class C insulation system mainly consists of mica and a Class C solventless type varnish, isocyanurate oxazolidone (IO) resin. The liquid IO resin can be vacuum-impregnated at room temperate and has an extremely long pot life. Furthermore the cured IO resin maintains room-temperature characteristics at temperatures up to 220 degree C. By combining the resin with principally inorganic materials the 220 degree C performance is achieved.


This paper presents contemporary political and legal realities of the Russian Federation, which require a qualitative improvement of the educational system, building on lessons teaching experience and traditions of past generations of the peoples of the North Caucasus as a whole, and Kabardian and Ossetians in particular.


In this paper, a nonlinear adaptive visual feedback scheme is designed to perform 3D positioning tasks, consisting in the regulation of the relative pose between a robotic camera and a rigid object of interest. The dynamical system of robotic camera-object interaction is expressed in terms of image features, i.e. 2D points tracking in the image plane. Since the visual sampling period is not negligible at the current state of technology, a discrete-time representation of the camera-object interaction model is first derived. By exploiting nonlinear controllability properties, a Lyapunov-based discrete-time control law is designed to ensure asymptotic stability in the image reference set-point. Moreover, a 3D adaptation procedure, in a case of unknown object depth, ensures ultimate boundedness of the whole state vector.


The analytical method and Galerkin's method with beam functions are used to solve the uniform and nonuniform beams with restrained boundary conditions and carrying intermediate masses and are subjected to an axial tensile or compressive force. The effects due to the degree of rotational and translational constraints, variation of the beam depth, magnitude of intermediate mass and its location, and axial tensile or compressive force are examined in detail. Some of the results are compared with different methods, and agreement between them is obtained.


A method for determination of formaldehyde in water-based coating or latex by HPLC was developed as it was rapid,convenient,economic and accurately.The samples were dissolved by appropriate solution,filtered or precipitated by the centrifuge,and derivatived with 2,4-DNPH.The detection limit was 0.012μg/L,recovery was 95%~105%,and the RSD was less than 2%.The method showed good linear correlation,R2 was 0.9999 at the range of 0.05~5mg/L-1.


Studies examining the additionality of Structural Funds in UK regions have emphasised the dominant 'gatekeeping' role played by central government. This has been explained by the 'global' interpretation of additionality adopted by UK central government, coupled with the absence of a strong tier of regional government. Based on preparations for an Objective 1 programme in Wales, in this paper we critically evaluate the progress made by the devolved National Assembly for Wales in challenging the central government interpretation of additionality. This suggests that, in the context of devolution, matters surrounding Structural Fund finances will become more fiercely contested, exposing significant tensions between processes of decentralisation and centralisation within the UK polity.


Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) constitutes a subfamily among a large group of ligand-activated transcription factors, the nuclear receptor superfamily. We studied the effects of ligand on the intracellular behaviors of PPARα. Although nuclear localization of PPARα was not affected by a selective ligand, Wy14643, we observed that exogenously expressed PPARα was rapidly degraded in HeLa cells, and the ligand significantly stabilized the protein. The stability of PPARα was also improved by coexpression of the heterodimer partner retinoid X receptor (RXR) α, and further stabilization was not observed with the ligand. These results indicate that PPARα is stabilized through heterodimerization with RXR, and the excess protein unpaired with RXR is rapidly turned over, if not bound by an appropriate ligand. These observations on PPARα are in sharp contrast to the ligand-stimulated degradation reported on PPARγ. The ligand-dependent stabilization would have physiological significance when the synthesis of PPARα is elevated exceeding the available level of RXR.


Bloom's taxonomy (BT) is a hierarchical organisation of global educational objectives. Its cognitive domain has been used to improve pedagogy in several disciplines of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). At the same time, it has helped improve assessment methods in the domain of STEM. The work presented herein describes taxonomic levels specific to learning objectives in the electrical engineering course entitled 'Signals and Systems' (S&S). Corresponding to those taxonomic levels, the paper also presents test questions to assess the students at different levels of cognition. In order to validate the proposed taxonomy, the presented test paper is used for summative assessment of 981 students. Results of this assessment are found to agree with the assumed taxonomic levels of the test questions. The results of this test fit closely to the bell-curve distribution and are contrasted with the results from an older, stereotypical examination that was not BT-aware.


Specific rate constants of electrode reactions are strongly influenced by the nature and concentration of the base electrolyte used. In some cases (see for example, DELAHAY 1) the concentration effect has been interpreted quantitat ively by taking into account the potential difference across the diffuse double layer (Frumkintheory). The effect of the nature of the supporting electrolyte has only qualitatively been correlated to the specific adsorption of the anions, especially in the case of halide solutions. For example, GIERST AND CORNELISSEN 2 measured the half-wave potentials of the Eua+/Eu2+ couple as a function of composition in I M mixtures of perchlorate and halides. They found the reaction rate to increase in the series C I < B r < I in the presence of perchlorate. Specific adsorption on mercury, exhibited by the anions, varies in the same sequence. TAMAMUSHI et al. a observed the same trend for the Zn2+/Zn(Hg) electrode in mixtures of NaCI04 with halides. On the other hand, BLACKLEDGE AND H U S H 4 ascribed the results of their experiments on the same electrode in similar base electrolyte mixtures to a mechanism in which complexes of Zn 2+ with the added anions take part. In this connection it seemed worthwhile to make a quanti tat ive s tudy of the relation between the rate constant and the specifically adsorbed amount of anions in mixtures of base electrolytes. We chose the Zn2+/Zn(Hg) reaction in mixtures of KC1, KBr and KI with a total concentration of I M, for the following reasons : (a) the rate constant values of the zinc reaction in the pure base electrolytes differ greatlyS; (b) the rates can easily be measured with an alternating current method; (c) double-layer data of at least chloride and iodide are known from the literature6,7; (d) the ZnZ+/Zn(Hg) reaction mechanism has been investigated many times; it appears that the rate-determining step is likely to be a two-electron transfer s. In addition, the presence of Zn z+ ions in millimolar concentration has no detectable effect upon the double-layer capacity in I M solutionL and it may therefore be assumed that the double-layer structure is not significantly changed by the addition of Zn 2+.


The continuously changing world creates new challenges, large-scope issues, both at the community and the organizational level. Currently, sustainable development is among the key issues demanding organizational learning and new ways of operation. The paper looks for the potential of Scandinavian communicative-oriented action research (AR), applied in dialogue forums, to enhance learning and planning of integrative solutions to meet the needs of various actor groups. The paper links two intertwined AR lines of a Finnish work research institute to the contexts of classic and current AR discussion and their original social conditions in the early 1990s, when they were challenged by a severe recession. The characteristics of communicative spaces applied in the two cases are analysed qualitatively. The data, consisting of case reports, are reread and interpreted in a framework that concretizes Habermasian ideals of free communication. The elements of organisational learning and power embedded in the organisational positions of the participants dealing with large-scope societal issues are made explicit. Free communication and joint agreements of concrete plans require active agency that can be learned in a psychologically and socially safe communicative space where Habermasian lifeworld and system interact. The research shows the malleability of dialogue-based communicative spaces that can be applied in versatile social and organizational conditions. A future option would be a continuous dialogue applied in permanent dialogue structures.


Influencer marketing furthers the goals of relationship marketing. Companies use influencers to advertise their products through social networks such as Instagram. This digital advertising is aimed at shifting the company's goals from customer acquisition to retention and commitment. While several articles provide interesting advances analyzing social media and sustainability goals, research about influencer types and their impact on engagement preserving corporate sustainability is limited. Thus, the objectives of this study are: (1) Select general influencer traits as positive characteristics in promoting a product; (2) analyze them for micro and macro influencer scenarios; (3) explore potential differences in their adequacy determining customer engagement and preserving corporate sustainability. Credibility, pleasantness, and emotions are the criteria analyzed through multivariate analysis applied over two independent samples of followers. Pleasantness and appearance in the macro influencer scenario and perceived integrity in that of the micro influencer appear to conflict with the desired transparency of the message, while transmission of emotions plays an essential role in both scenarios. This is a very important finding. Companies should assess candidate influencers' emotional projection skills, in addition to evaluating the brand sponsorship costs and defining the target audience for the advertisement, always under the premise of preserving corporate sustainability.


To assess the degree of fine‐scale somatotopy within the hand area of the human primary motor cortex (M1), functional mapping of individual movements of all fingers was performed in healthy young subjects (n = 7) using MRI at 0.8 × 0.8 mm2 resolution and 4 mm section thickness. The experimental design comprised both a direct paradigm contrasting single digit movements vs. motor rest and multiple differential paradigms contrasting single digit movements vs. the movement of another digit. Direct mapping resulted in largely overlapping activations. A somatotopic arrangement was only recognizable when considering the mean center‐of‐mass coordinates of individual digit representations averaged across subjects. In contrast, differential paradigms revealed more segregated and somatotopically ordered activations in single subjects. The use of center‐of‐mass coordinates yielded inter‐digit distances ranging from 2.0 to 16.8 mm, which reached statistical significance for pairs of more distant digits. For the middle fingers, the functional somatotopy obtained by differential mapping was dependent on the choice of the digit used for control. These results confirm previous concepts that finger somatotopy in the human M1 hand area emerges as a functional predominance of individual digit representations sharing common areas in a distributed though ordered network. Hum. Brain Mapping 18:272–283, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


IN a previous communication [1918] we have described an attempt to isolate the antiscorbutic principle by means of adsorption. The attempt proved unsuccessful but we were able to make a series of observations in connection with the behaviour of the antiscorbutic factor in orange juice.towards some adsorbents under certain conditions. We have since attempted to study the chemical nature of the factor in question adopting another method of investigation, namely that of fractionating an antiscorbutically active juice. We have chosen lemon juice for that purpose. As is well known the main bulk of the solids of lemon juice consists of citric acid. In the event of the antiscorbutic being associated with the citric acid, good yields of the acid could be obtained from.the juice for further investigation. If on the other hand by removing the citric acid the solid residue remained active, the antiscorbutic would then be asociated with a comparatively much smaller mass of extraneous matter offering a better opportunity of studying both its chemical and physiological properties. The latter has proved to be the case and we now describe in this communication a few experiments from an investigration in progress on the above lines.


Biemna spinomicroxea sp. nov. is described from the coast of Amapa State, Brazil. It differs from all other Biemna species in lacking smooth sigmas. The spiculation consist of oxea megascleres, spined small sigmas and microxeas. A key to the tropical West Atlantic species of Biemna is provided.


This paper presents an automatic EO/IR sensor image registration algorithm which is based on Zheng-Chellappa's (see Proc. International Conference on Pattern Recognition, The Hague, Netherlands, p.193-7, September 1992) point feature image matching work. Several apsects of this algorithm including feature extraction, feature matching and consistency checking are discussed in detail. Experimental results using real EO/IR sensor data are presented.


This research tries to situate the production of the space in the context of the operation of reurbanization in the city of Sao Paulo, specifically, "the revitalization of the center." This abstractions are putting in the reality reducing the potentiality of the urban, this understand how a place of the meeting, the simple change of merchandises and contractual relations between social "agents", sometimes personified in capitalists, sometimes, in workers. In this way, the space, in a strategic way, is produced like spectacle, ideology and segregation way, inside the limits of a economy capitalist that show yourself like the worker's crises. In front of this circumstance, the production relationship don't be totally effective and each time a increasing population of workers that don't obtains sell his work's strength, because of the reduction of his offer in the work's market, and them because of this, they don't find their place in the society. Among these questions, searches have been made to define tactics of resistance by part of the population, nominated the homeless, ahead the revitalization of downtown. So, the problem of habitation can't be resumed to the physical restriction of home, but the fight for the city, the own existence and the living.


The following pages sketch a system of constraints intended to sharpen and organize a number of current assumptions surrounding the concept of "prosodic licensing", as proposed in Itô (1988) and further developed in later work (Bagemihl 1991; Charette 1990; Goldsmith 1990; Inkelas 1991; Itô and Mester 1991; Kaye 1990; Lombardi 1991; Piggott 1991; Zec 1988; and others). The proposal to be developed below draws on Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993); one of the goals is to explicate the notion of the coda as a "secondary licenser" (Goldsmith 1990) and to clarify the privileged status of geminate and partial geminate clusters (Prince 1984) with respect to syllabification. After laying out some background assumptions (Section 1), we present the definitions and constraints that form the core of our theory of licensing (Section 2). We illustrate the approach with an analysis of the syllable structure of Japanese (Section 3) and conclude the paper with a discussion of remaining issues and problems relating to the general typology of syllabification systems (Section 4).


A method of operating a navigation system in a vehicle may include invoking an off-road mode of the navigation system; displaying an off-road terrain on a navigation system display; displaying a present location of the vehicle on the display, inputting a user-input off-road destination into the navigation system; inputting a user-input off-road waypoint into the navigation system; displaying straight line trajectories between the start point, the user-input off-road waypoint and the destination on a display of the navigation system and displaying a real-time path of on-screen breadcrumbs as the vehicle travels off-road in current or real-time; shifting on the display, each user-entered off-road waypoint to a closest on-screen breadcrumb of the real-time path; shifting on the display, the user-entered destination to the closest on-screen breadcrumb; and storing the real-time path in a memory of a navigation control unit.


1098 Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), one of the major subgroups of breast cancer, is frequently characterized by the expression basal cytokeratins. We have investigated the characteristics and patient survival of basal, luminal, and mixed type TNBC.

METHODS
The expression of basal and luminal cytokeratins (CK5/6, CK7, CK14, CK18, CK19), and other biomarkers (Ki-67, p53, p16, EGFR, c-KIT, bcl2, WT1, vimentin) was determined by immunohistochemistry on TMA sections from 142 TNBCs diagnosed in a single institution. Expression data were subjected to unsupervised cluster analysis and compared regarding clinicopathologic data and patient survival (med. follow-up 52.7 months).

RESULTS
Basal markers were positive in 68% of tumors, with frequent coexpression of luminal markers (basoluminal phenotype, 57%) and only 11% showed a pure basal phenotype. A pure luminal phenotype was seen in 27% of cases and 5% were immature (belonging to neither phenotype). These four groups differed significantly with respect to proliferation rates (median Ki-67 for pure basal 80%, basoluminal 45%, luminal 30%, and immature 50%). Expression of p16, EGFR, and CD117 was increased in the basal and immature groups. Luminal and basoluminal phenotypes were associated with better tumor differentiation and less lymphocytic infiltrate. Hierarchical unsupervised cluster analysis on the expression of all 13 immunohistochemical markers identified four clusters with the main distinguishing feature being their intermediate filament expression. 5-year overall survival rates were higher for pure basal and immature clusters (93.5% and 87.5%) than rates for luminal and basoluminal clusters (71.5% and 73.5%, p 0.016). This classification remained a significant predictor of survival in a multivariate Cox model that also included tumor stage, grade, and lymph node status with an estimated hazard ratio of 0.26 (95% CI: 0.09 - 0.72) for the basal and immature clusters combined.

CONCLUSIONS
Triple negative breast cancers can be classified into four distinct clusters based on biomarker expression. These clusters show specific clinicopathological features and decreased survival in the basoluminal and luminal clusters.


Our Cosmic Connection: The Our Cosmic Connection task is a sequencing activity using the set of 24 images provided. The purpose of the activity is to have students apply their knowledge of stellar evolution in a format that allows flexibility. The content that is necessary for the students to be successful is provided in The Story of Stellar Evolution: Introduction and Background. All of the types of objects contained within the 24 images are discussed in the introduction and background. The entire image set can be provided to the students, or specific images can be selected and provided, depending upon the ability level of the classroom.


The bioarchaeological analysis of the human remains rescued at Loteo Silva site (Viedma, Rio Negro province) is presented, with the objective of characterizing and evaluating funerary practices, site functionality, paleodiet, and discussing the chronology of hunter-gatherer occupations from the lower course of the Negro River. In addition, this context is discussed and inserted in the archaeology of the study area and surrounding microregions (e.g., eastern Pampa-Patagonia transition, northern coast of San Matias Gulf). The results indicate the presence of three adult individuals of both sexes, buried in both simple primary and secondary modalities. The taphonomic studies show the stability in the post-depositional history and the exposure of the skeletons at moments close to their actual recovery. Stable isotope analysis indicates that mainly terrestrial resources were consumed by these individuals. Two radiocarbon dates showed a chronology of ca. 3.600-3.200 years BP, indicating the earliest occupation for the lower course of the Negro River and the earliest evidence of burial manipulation from the Northeastern Patagonia. The burials recovered at Loteo Silva site presents trends and characteristics similar to other mortuary contexts of the study area and neighboring regions.