The concept of urban wetland garden was introduced,the relationship between urban wetland garden and natural wetland,the relationship between urban wetland garden and garden were discussed.The urban wetland garden and wetland natural protection area,urban wetland garden and urban waterscape garden were compared.The urban wetland garden was classified so as to help human better learn urban wetland garden.


Central counterparties (CCPs) are nancial intermediaries consisting of clearing members trading nancial derivatives between each other. In a nancial network, CCPs become the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer. After the 2007-2008 nancial crisis, so called central counterparties have become fundamental nancial institutions worldwide. Nahai-Williamson et al. (2013) develop an expected loss function for clearing members to investigate and nd the optimal quantities of central counterparties nancial resources, i.e. initial margin and default fund, which are safety contributions to the CCP to absorb potential future losses in case of one or several member's defaults. Nahai-Williamson et al. (2013) assume exogenous and independent individual default probabilities, which are uncorrelated with the underlying prices of assets cleared through the CCP. In this thesis, we extend the NahaiWilliamson et al. (2013) model by using a Merton mixed binomial model, which allows for realistic dependencies among default probabilities and lets the prices be correlated with default probabilities themselves. We de ne a new expected loss function for clearing members, which is minimized with respect to initial margin and default fund and obtains new optimal quantities for CCP's nancial resources in our extended model. The new framework with default and price dependencies will change the optimal quantities of sources: initial margin and default fund contributions will be di erent and higher than previous optimal quantities in Nahai-Williamson et al. (2013). In some cases, our default fund contributions will be 200%, 300% and even 1500% larger than optimal contributions found by Nahai-Williamson et al. (2013). Moreover, the balance between CCP's initial margin and default fund will tend more to the default fund rather than any other nancial source. Although it does not concern optimal nancial resources, we also nd that in the Merton-extended version the expected loss function itself is sometimes 22% and 55% higher than the one de ned by Nahai-Williamson et al. (2013) in the same conditions. The economic interpretation of this result is that higher default dependence leads to higher losses, which should be better covered by higher mutualization between clearing members.


This dissertation investigates a class of context-dependent expressions — focussensitive particles — as a way of addressing how language users draw on contextual information to interpret expressions whose meanings are underdetermined by their forms. While the problem of context dependence has been widely studied, the question of precisely what cognitive processes and representations are involved in interpreting context-sensitive meanings online has been relatively under-researched. The current work picks up where the work of semanticists leaves off after defining context-invariant aspects of meaning, trying to characterize the workings of the pragmatics as a kind of interface between context-invariant meaning and particular situations of language use. By investigating the online interpretation of focus particles in spoken language, this study tackles an additional source of indeterminacy: in addition to semantic representations being underspecified by virtue of being context-dependent, the forms corresponding to these representations are indeterminate at each timepoint over the duration of an utterance. The observation that listeners are able to fluently interpret partial linguistic inputs given available contextual information tells us that the information contributed by small units of linguistic input can be used immediately by the processor, in addition to meaning representations that specify the relation of a linguistic expression to a complete sentential meaning. Investigating these two forms of indeterminate meaning in tandem will provides insights that asking these questions in isolation would not, and ultimately allow a reformulation of the research question that cuts up the explanatory pie in a way


Ustilaginoidea virens is the fungal pathogen causing an emerging false smut disease which affects crop yield as well as deteriorates quality of the grains by producing mycotoxins. High quality genome of U. virens isolate UV2_4G was sequenced using Nanopore and Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing platforms. The total assembled genome of Indian isolate UV2_4G was 35.9 Mb, which comprised of 89 scaffolds with N50 700296 bp. A total of 358697 variants were identified in the genome, out of which 355173 were SNPs and 3524 were INDELS. Further, 7390 SSRs belonging to different repeat type were also identified in the genome. Out of 7444 proteins predicted, 7206 were functionally annotated. A total of 1307 CAZymes, 501 signal peptides, 1876 effectors and 2709 genes involved in host-pathogen interactions were identified. Comparative analysis revealed isolate UV2_4G is distinct with 31 unique clusters and placed distantly in phylogenetic analysis. Taken together, this high-quality genome assembly and sequence annotation resource can give an improved insight for characterizing the biological and pathogenic mechanisms of Ustilaginoidea virens.


Basic autonomic nervous function was evaluated in patients with neurocardiogenic syncope (NCS). Atropine, isoproterenol, propranolol, phenylephrine, and phentolamine were administered successively, and parasympathetic nerve activity and β- (and α-) activity, sensitivity, and secretion of the sympathetic nerve were determined in patients with NCS and control subjects. In patients with NCS, β- and α- sensitivity were higher and β-activity and β- and α-secretion lower than in control subjects. In patients with NCS, the increased basic β-sensitivity may contribute to induce strong cardiac contractions and augment ventricular mechanoreceptor response, and a compensatory state against diminished neuronal sympathetic activity is suggested by the increased α-sensitivity.


In a recent equipment upgrade, parts from two cold mill coilers at Nucor Steel-Berkeley were combined to form a highly productive hybrid machine. This paper discusses the adaptation process and the productivity gains that resulted.


The invention relates to an adsorbent for organic compounds consisting of a Fullstoffgranulat, the fillers 20 to 99.9 wt .-% and a binder. DOLLAR A The adsorbent is prepared by mixing at least one binder having at least one filler and granulation in a mixing or Granulationsapparat. DOLLAR A The adsorbent may be used for adsorption and / or absorption of organic and / or inorganic substances from a liquid or gaseous phase.


A method is proposed to manufacture spiral bevel gear by duplex spread blade method based on 4-axis CNC milling machine. Firstly, the geometry parameters and machine-tool settings are comprehensively considered. To meet with the tooth taper, a new way is raised to select reference point. Then machine-tool settings are calculated that only first-order mesh performance is guaranteed in the reference point. Therefore conjugate tooth surface is modified by a surface represented as second-order polynomial to optimize mesh performance, as a result a target tooth surface is established, and according to the sensitivity matrix the machine-tool settings are corrected. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example to reveal it's effective and feasible.


A simple procedure which determines the coercive force as a function of temperature has been developed for superparamagnetic materials having a particle‐size distribution. This procedure accurately determines the region where superparamagnetism occurs, and it has been used to obtain the first experimental verification of the Bean‐Livingston coercive‐force temperature relation.


Peking Duck (Anas platyrhynchos doestica Linnaeus) Interferon-alpha gene (BJ-DuIFN-α) was cloned from the genomic DNA using PCR method. The cloned gene was 486 bp in length and encoded 161 animo acids. Comparison of BJ-DuIFN-α with DuIFN-α gene, only one substitution was found at 285 site (T-C). BJ-DuIFN-α was inserted into pQE30 expression vector, and the JM109/pQE30/BJ-DuIFN-α engineering bacterial proteins indentified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The anti-virus bioactivity was high up to 7.9×10~5 U/mg.


This paper describes the custom of Yahrzeit—noting the anniversary of the death of a close relative—as practised by Jews of European origin. Particular emphasis is given to this observance in the Hassidic community, which sees this day as a joyous commemoration of the soul's ongoing ascension in the afterlife. This custom is discussed within the literature regarding ritual as a potentially ameliorative aspect of the mourning process.


Abstract— A webbed footprint of Carnian (Tuvalian) age, discovered near Cles (Trentino-Alto Adige, NE Italy),is described. The specimen is compared with other coeval tracks, in particular with those of the Dogna ichnosite(Julian Alps, NE Italy), that are interpreted as preservational variants. The relationship between possible palmatetrackmakers and evidence of webbing in the tracks are discussed. The trackmaker is interpreted as a quadrupedalcrocodylomorph showing possible aquatic adaptations. INTRODUCTION AND GEOLOGY Here we report the discovery of some unusual archosaur foot-prints near Cles village, about 48 km north of Trento (Trentino-AltoAdige, NE Italy) (Fig. 1). The footprint-bearing layer belongs to theTravenanzes Formation (= upper portion of the "Raibl Beds" Auct.;Neri et al. 2005), which is of late Carnian (Tuvalian) age (see also Avanziniet al., 2009). This formation consists mainly of interbedded white-grayaphanitic to silty dolostones and reddish or greenish shales. The sedi-mentary succession has been interpreted as representing a marginal ma-rine environment with supplies of terrigenous or fully marine, albeitshallow, sediments (Gennaro, 2007; D'Orazi et al., 2008).


The document includes:

- Figure S1: An annotated satellite map of the courses and tracks.

- The equations used to calculate the Herbst-modified Hockley Index (HHI) and Average HHI Differences

- Table S1: Tabulated results for Average HHI and HHI difference


Well-crystallized stoichiometric C3N4nanostructures with clear hexagonal morphology and size range of 50–500 nm were synthesized on stainless steel substrates from triethylenetetramine using a low cost and simple sol-gel method.


Several megabenthos groups have important economic and ecological values- also play an important role in the condition and stability of coral reef ecosystems. The important role of this megabenthos group makes it a potential object as an indicator to assess coral reef health. This study aimed to determine the condition of coral reefs by monitoring the megabenthos. The targeted megabenthos in this study consisted of eight groups (Holothuria sp., Diadema sp., Blue Starfish, Tridacna spp., Drupella, Trochus niloticus, Acanthaster planci, and Lobsters). Data collection was carried out in Ternate Waters at 14 stations using the Benthos Belt Transect method. The analysis was carried out by examining the presence and the number of species, distribution and density of each station, density of each type of megabenthos, and ecological indices (dominance index, diversity index, and evenness index). The results of the study found a total of 375 individuals. The group of megabenthos species that were always found at each station was coral polyp-eating snails (Drupella). On the other hand, Acanthaster planci and lobster were groups of megabenthos species found only at a few stations. Overall, Drupella was the most dominant type of megabenthos during observation, which may be related to overfishing at that location. Several groups of fish were natural predators of Drupella. Their numbers in the wild are decreasing due to overfishing. The dominance that occurred during observations was closely related to the health condition of coral reefs and the diversity of coral species as the habitat of megabenthos.


This article considers the intersection between labour law and the 'public interest' at EU level. It focuses particularly on the recent age discrimination cases in which the right to age discrimination has been balanced with the public interest (in employment policy). The article seeks to address a number of issues. Firstly, it considers the meaning of 'public interest' in relation to labour law, and why this notion has only traditionally been evident in very restricted fields (particularly collective bargaining). Secondly, the article considers the derogations on 'public interest' grounds in relation to age discrimination legislation. On this point, the relationship between formal equality (in employment directives) and constitutional equality (in relation to the general principle of non-discrimination) in the EU is discussed. Finally, the article discusses the balance struck between formal and constitutional equality in recent age discrimination cases heard in the ECJ. It considers particularly the effect on this balance of the margin of appreciation afforded to member states in the regulation of economic and social affairs.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider entrepreneurship education (EE) evaluation. Specifically, it explores some of the challenges involved in applying the HEInnovate tool, and considers ways in which its accuracy and value might be strengthened. Using Storey (2000) by way of reflective critique, the paper proposes an augmented framework to support the application of HEInnovate. It provides a further framework to help signpost those involved in EE towards a more robust consideration of EE evaluation. In so doing, the paper aims to contribute to extant theory in the field of EE by: raising awareness of the continued need for evaluation, highlighting the potential benefits as well as the associated challenges of applying a self-assessment framework such as the HEInnovate and finally, proposing an augmented framework, which enhances the accuracy and value of the HEInnovate tool. Some avenues worthy of future research are identified. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper that d...


Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) plays a key role in combating an ever-growing imbalance and adverse climatic issues. Thus far, Pt-based catalysts are treated as "the Holy Grail" for HER and none ...


The pure rotational spectrum of the MgF radical in its ground electronic state (X 2Σ+) has been recorded using millimeter/submillimeter direct absorption techniques. Transitions arising from the v=0, 1, 2, and 3 vibrational modes of the main magnesium isotopic species, 24MgF, have been observed. In addition, spectra of the isotopomers 26MgF and 25MgF in the natural abundances of magnesium have been detected. Rotational and fine structure constants have been determined for these species, as well as hyperfine parameters for the fluorine nucleus (I=1/2). For 25MgF, the hyperfine structure was also resolved arising from the magnesium nucleus, which has I=5/2, yielding the 25Mg hyperfine and quadrupole constants. Comparison of these hyperfine parameters with those of the heavier alkaline–earth monofluorides and the free 25Mg+ atom suggests that there is an increase in covalent bonding in MgF vs its heavier fluoride counterparts. This behavior is also apparent in the hybridization of the wave function of the un...


Dominated by the litigious concept of national selfish departmentalism, our country's investigative work has been carried out in a closed and secret state. The Investigative process is not only kept in secret to outside but also unknown to suspects. Naturally the open of investigation becomes a subject that nobody utters a single word about, and few scholars talk about it. This article discusses in details the corresponding problems of the necessity, limits, characters and ways of the open of investigation.


This review comprehensively describes biochar, the term which is gaining exponential attention nowadays. The technologies to convert the agriculture waste to biochar include slow pyrolysis, flash pyrolysis, and hydrothermal carbonization. Biochar production methods are based on batch processes and continuous processes. Biochar production processes and steps involved are also discussed. Different biochar reactors are also revived, including the continuous type of biochar reactor and microwave pyrolysis reactors. Kinetics of biochar, bio-oil, and syngas production is also revived briefly with kinetic equations. Uses of biochar are comprehensively revived and discussed, including advanced applications such as catalyst production, activated Carbon production, water treatment, soil amendment, etc. All biochar characterization methods are briefly described, including proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, physiochemical analysis, surface analysis, and molecular structure analysis. Factors affecting biochar production are revived in this article. Biochar yield from different crop waste s is tabulated with temperatures involved. Post-production processing methods of biochar are included in this review. The global biochar market and current status and opportunities are also revived, the data of biochar manufacturers in India are compiled. The utilization of biochar in agriculture is revived in two subcategories: the effect of biochar application on soil health and the effect of biochar application on crop yield. At last engineered or designed biochar concept is revived.


With the impact of global events as urbanization, industrialization and other human activities, also like climate change, the regional thermal environment has introduced a series of problem, e.g., Urban Heat Island effect and climate disasters. To address this issue, it is necessary to monitor the spatial and temporal patterns of regional thermal environment. Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important indicator for environment monitoring [1]. Zhejiang province is major part in Yangtze river delta region of China, which is the most rapidly urbanization in the world. In this report, based on the MODIS remote sensing data, Land Surface Temperature (LST) of Zhejiang province in China is retrieved by Split-Windows Algorithm successfully. The characteristics of Zhejiang Province regional thermal environment are quantitatively analyzed through spatial statistical analyses. The results show that the remote sensing data is effective and high accuracy for retrieving and estimates reasonably LST.


The healthy vaginal ecosystem is maintained by the interaction of the vaginal epithelium and the microflora, where lactobacilli and occasionally bifidobacteria play an important role. Imbalances in the dominance of lactobacilli may lead to bacterial vaginosis or yeast vaginitis. Probiotics may be a means to secure a favourable microbial balance in the vagina and, as the normal vaginal flora ascends from the rectal mucosa, a convenient form of administration may be via the oral gastrointestinal route. Ten healthy women of different ages were orally administered a blend of 12 selected Lactobacillus strains and three Bifidobacterium strains originating from the intestine and the vagina. The daily dose of each Lactobacillus strain was 1–3×109 CFU and 1×108 to 1×109 CFU for each Bifidobacterium strain, and the doses were given in an oatmilk/blueberry drink. The treatment went on for 10 days. Samples of faeces and vaginal fluid were taken immediately before the administration was started, after 10 days of administration and 7 days after the termination of the administration. Five strains were recovered from faeces and three from the vagina after treatment. The test strains could be found in 9 of the 10 volunteers. L. plantarum strains, originally isolated from intestinal mucosa, were recovered from the vagina of five subjects after treatment. The L. plantarum strains, together with one strain of L. crispatus and one L. gasseri strain, were recovered from faeces.


Alexander Pentin - Candidate of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, Head of the Centre for Science Education. Institute for Strategy of Education Development of the Russian Academy of Education. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Galina Kovaleva - Candidate of Sciences in Education, Head of the Centre of Evaluating the Quality of Education. Institute for Strategy of Education Development of the Russian Academy of Education. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Elena Davidova - Junior researcher of the Centre of Evaluating the Quality of Education. Institute for Strategy of Education Development of the Russian Academy of Education. E-mail: email@example.com Elena Smirnova - Junior researcher of the Centre of Evaluating the Quality of Education. Institute for Strategy of Education Development of the Russian Academy of Education. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Address: 5/16 Makarenko Str., 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation. The paper considers features and problems of science education in Russian schools according to how they appeared in the TIMSS and PISA international studies. The main features consist in the decline of student achievement in science when moving from primary school to secondary school and the sharp difference between the results of Russian students demonstrated in TIMSS and PISA. The conclusions are based both on the analysis of the data obtained in the studies (the results of tests, questionnaires of participants, content of tasks) and characteristics of the Federal educational standards and programmes related to science education. The result of the work established the factors influencing the achievements of Russian students in Science at primary, lower and upper secondary school. Namely, the high results by 4th grade pupils in TIMSS is largely due to the high activity of students in acquiring scientific knowledge outside of school. The sharp difference between the results of 8th‑9th grade students in the TIMSS and PISA studies is explained by, on the one hand, the close accordance of the TIMSS framework to the Russian science curricula and, on the other hand, their significant divergence from the PISA framework as the Russian curricula scarcely focused on scientific literacy as a main goal. As one of the factors that explains the decline in the outcomes in physics by 11th-graders in TIMSS Advanced 2015, in comparison with previous cycles, we discuss the increase in the percentage of tasks in the TIMSS test about the physics of the atom and the atomic nucleus, which proved to be more difficult for students. A common feature, which is revealed by studies of TIMSS, PISA and TIMSS-Advanced results from 2015, is that the teaching of science subjects in Russian schools is more focused on acquiring and demonstrating knowledge, but to a lesser extent on their application and the development of scientific practices, such as: formulation of scientific questions, planning research, interpreting data, and constructing scientific evidence. The results of the work propose a modernization of the science education framework in Russian schools, including the introduction of a compulsory subject Science in grades 5-6.


Let R be a commutative ring with 1 ≠ 0. A proper ideal I of R is a semiprimary ideal of R if whenever a, b ϵ R and ab ϵ I, we have [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]; and I is a weakly semiprimary ideal of R if whenever a, b ϵ R and 0 ≠ ab ϵ I, we have [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we introduce a new class of ideals that is closely related to the class of (weakly) semiprimary ideals. Let I(R) be the set of all ideals of R and let [Formula: see text] be a function. Then δ is called an expansion function of ideals of R if whenever L, I, J are ideals of R with J ⊆ I, we have L ⊆ δ(L) and δ(J) ⊆ δ(I). Let δ be an expansion function of ideals of R. Then a proper ideal I of R is called a δ-semiprimary (weakly δ-semiprimary) ideal of R if ab ϵ I (0 ≠ ab ϵ I) implies a ϵ δ(I) or b ϵ δ(I). A number of results concerning weakly δ-semiprimary ideals and examples of weakly δ-semiprimary ideals are given.


The electronegativity and the hardness are two different fundamental descriptors of atoms and molecules, and this chapter describes how the authors have logistically discovered the commonality between the heuristic and basic philosophical structures of their origin and also the manifestation in the real world. Also, the chapter demonstrates that the physical hardness and the chemical hardness with evolution of time have converged to one and the same general principle– the hardness. The authors also try to expose the physical basis and operational significance of another very important descriptor–the electronegativity. The chapter also explores whether the hardness equalization principle can be conceived analogous to the well established electronegativity equalization principle. The authors hypothesize that the electronegativity and the absolute hardness are two different appearances of the one and the same fundamental property of atoms, and the Hardness Equalization Principle can be equally conceived like the electronegativity equalization principle. To test this hypothesis, the authors have made several comparative studies by evaluating some well known chemico-physical descriptors of the real world, such as hetero nuclear bond distances, dipole charges, and dipole moments of molecules. The detailed comparative study suggests that the paradigm of the hardness equalization principle may be another law of nature like the established electronegativity equalization principle. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-1607-3.ch003


This article investigates the firewood collection strategies at late Mesolithic and early and middle Neolithic Dutch wetland sites dating to 5500—3400 cal BC. It provides an overview of published and unpublished data of unworked, uncarbonised wood and wood charcoal from 15 sites in 3 regions. It is assumed that the unworked wood primarily represents the natural vegetation. The comparison of the wood and charcoal shows that the main factor influencing firewood collection is availability, as indicated by the use of a broad range of taxa and the predominant use of the most common taxa (primarily Alnus glutinosa ). There are additional indications of selective use and avoidance of taxa for fuel that vary between the regions. The preliminary comparison of data from sites without and with domesticates does not show any differences in fuel use that can be related to the Neolithisation process, suggesting that human impact did not change to any extent during the investigated period.


NLCs are second generation of lipid nanoparticles which have many advantages that make them interesting for topical drugs delivery systems. All-trans retinoic acids (ATRAs) are highly lipophilic and instable in the presence of air, light and heat. In this study, 0.3% ATRAs loaded NLCs were developed by de novo emulsifications, then were reduced to nanometer range by ultrasonicator. The characterizations of NLCs i.e. size and zeta potential were examined. NLCs with different solid:liquid lipids ratios (2:1, 1:1 and 1:2), were formulated in order to maximize the skin permeation. The results demonstrate the sizes of NLCs were in nanometer ranges with negative zeta potential. Moreover the results showed that the amount of solid lipids in the formulation affected the skin permeation. The highest ATRAs permeations though shed snake skin could be achieved from the NLCs which lipid matrixs were composed of 2:1 solid:liquid lipids ratios.


Arguing that distributed problem solving networks (DSPN) reconfigure information and communication flows in ways that can enhance the communicative power of networked individuals that span geographical and organizational boundaries in ways that create challenges for firms and organizations that seek to capture the value of DSPNs.Paper prepared for presentation at the EPSRC Workshop on 'Managing for Usability: Challenges and Opportunities for e-Science Project Management', at the Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, 10-11 April 2008.


Objective: To describe the gender differences in cases and characteristics of diabetes mellitus (DM) that can be identified from a mass urine screen program for school children in Taiwan. Method: Screening for the childhood asymptomatic proteinuria and glucosuria began in 1992 for school children. Students were instructed to collect midstream samples of the first morning urine for glucosuria and proteinuria tests using urine strip devices. Students with positive results for glucose and/or protein and/or occult blood in the first examination received a second urine test. The third screening test was performed for urine and fasting blood sample for 11-item examinations if the second test was positive. The 1997 criteria of American Diabetes Association were used for defining DM. Results: Approximately 2 615 000/2 932 000 students received the preliminary screening each semester. The overall average rates of newly identified diabetes from 1993 to 1999 were 8.3 per 100 000 among boys, and 12.0 per 100 000 among girls. The average rate of new cases increased significantly from sixth grade for boys and fourth grade for girls, with peak rates of 14.7 per 100 000 in eighth grade for boys and 19.0 per 100 000 in sixth grade for girls. Similar prevalence trends by sex and grade were observed, higher in girls than in boys. Conclusions: This mass screening data suggest that childhood diabetes of all types in Taiwan is elevated in the age of puberty and higher in girls than in boys. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.


The Protein Structure Initiative: Biology‐Materials Repository (MR; http://psimr.asu.edu) is a centralized repository that sequence‐verifies, store and distributes plasmids created as part of the high throughput structural genomics efforts of the PSI. Each plasmid is fully sequence‐verified and stored, along with plasmid annotation such as the full length sequence, vector information, and associated publications, in a freely available, searchable database called DNASU (http://dnasu.asu.edu). Each plasmid links to external resources, including the PSI Structural Biology Knowledgebase (http://sbkb.org) facilitating cross‐referencing of plasmids to additional protein annotations and experimental data. Recent developments to DNASU include automation of our Expedited Material Transfer Agreement (MTA) process, which eliminates delays caused by MTA processing. As of November 2011, over 50,000 protein expression plasmids and 85 empty vectors from the PSI are available upon request from DNASU. By providing expression‐ready plasmids to the research community, we are facilitating the study of the biological function of proteins whose structures have been solved by the PSI.


Academic and public debates go through cycles, and one of the current fashions is to defend a (new, innovative, realistic) 'interculturalism' against a (tired, discredited, naive) 'multiculturalism'. As Meer and Modood show, there is very little intellectual substance underlying this fad. It is not based on a careful conceptual analysis of the principles or presuppositions of the two approaches, but rather rests on a crude misrepresentation, even caricature, of multiculturalist theories and approaches. Nor is it based on a systematic empirical comparison of the actual policy outcomes associated with the two approaches, since defenders of interculturalism rarely make clear how their policy recommendations would differ from those defended by multiculturalists. As a result, the 'good interculturalism vs. bad multiculturalism' literature is essentially rhetorical rather than analytical, and we do not have a clear basis for judging how interculturalism differs from multiculturalism, if at all. As a long-time defender of multiculturalism, I am not exactly a disinterested observer of this debate, and so unsurprisingly, I share Meer and Modood's frustration with this new fad and agree with their analysis of its limitations. Indeed, I am tempted to buttress their argument by providing further examples of the intellectual weakness of recent claims regarding the superiority of interculturalism over multiculturalism. Consider, for example, the influential 2008 ''White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue'' from the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. It argues that interculturalism should be the preferred model for Europe because multiculturalism has failed:


Indonesia is still below the international average score. Models of creative learning and innovative learning so that the learning process can take place effectively is one way to achieve Functions and Objectives of National Education. Mathematics achievement of students affected by learning model. The data analysis was carried out using a one-way variance analysis with different cells. the following conclusions could be drawn. (1) The mathematics learning achievement of students treated with STAD type of cooperative learning model was as good as that of those treated with CTL learning model. (2) The mathematics learning achievement of students treated with CTL learning model was better than that of those treated with ekspositori learning model. (3) The mathematics learning achievement of students treated with STAD type of cooperative learning model was better than that of those treated with ekspositori learning model. Key words: STAD, CTL, Ekspositori, Mathematics Learning Achievement


The first part of the article contains a review of the logic of EIA tiering and the likely requirements for satisfactory tiering arangements. Consideration is given to the stages in planning and decision processes at which an EIA might best be carried out, the choice of assessment methods appropriate to each stage, and the importance of adaptability as an ingredient in such a tiered system. The relationship between informal (internal organization provision) and formal (statutorily based) environmental impact assessment provision is also examined. The second part contains a review of current practice in the use of environmental impact assessment methods, and particularly of those aspects where improvements should now be sought. The usefulness of developing new integrated environmental impact assessment methodologies is questioned. Instead, more substantial progress may be made by first evaluating the assessment methods already available in relation to the specific tasks - of identification, measurement and prediction, significance assessment and communication - which they are expected to perform. In each of these areas, considerable improvement is possible if ''best available practice'' can be more clearly identified and then more widely practised. The use of working groups, each containing technical specialists and users of environmental impact data inmore » decision-making, is recommended for this purpose. (JMT)« less


Along with finance organizational reform,the enhancement of finance special fund management,and the financial special fund operational effectiveness are paid more and more social attention to.From the financial special fund achievements audit to promote the audit work reform,this article analyzed the development finance special fund achievements audit goal and the pattern,its primary coverage,method and appraisal target system,and it also put forward the suggestions to strengthen the financial special fund achievements audit.


The article argues that the theatrical translator acts both as an actor on a written stage and a playwright. We suggest that drama translation is just like a dramatic action. We also discuss the idea of character applied to translation theory. Finally we produce a translation in order to exemplify our hypotheses.


In order to manage end to end application service, service availability, and service performance in Internet domain so as to assure the better network service, a distributed service level management system model is presented. It can realize service level management's requirement across different administrative domain and use XML based contract text (SlaXML) to describe service level agreement information. It can provide more flexibility and extensibility for the service systems.


The article considers a complex pedagogical notion of ethno-modeling. Cultural transfer from generation to generation includes assimilation of human's accumulated experience, but it doesn't coinside with utilitarian acquisition of the results of predecessors' activity. Human activity acts as a linking element between nature, technology and culture. Ethno-pedagogical training is part of integral educational process consolidating the content, aids and methods of education.


ConclusionsSmall zero drift values can be reached with a low-cost switch control unit when the devices are utilized in field test situations. The evaluation of the zero drift values allow proper utilization of the systems examined for long-term strain measurements.


The dynamical modelling of physical (bio-)chemical processes based on first principles considerations is analysed from a structural point of view. Based on a classification of the variables and equations that occur in such models, we propose a general framework that can help to organise the model in a transparent way and to analyse efficiently its solv- ability properties. We show that a well-known tool in the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems, the Zero Dynamics Algorithm, can be used in the analysis of higher index mod- els and also in index reduction. The symbolic computations involved in this algorithm are readily available in the form of nonlinear system analysis packages. The proposed methods are illustrated by a few simple concrete examples. Keywords : First principles modelling, differential-algebraic systems, index reduction.


The legal landscape for employers is changing. Led by the National Labor Relations Board (the "NLRB"), there is a growing trend to hold employers accountable, not only for their own employees, but also for the employees of their contractors, franchisees, and others with whom they do business. This increased accountability results from the expanding definition of "joint employer."


It seems fitting that this paper-which is a synthesis of a presentation given in honour of the "grandfather" of Canadian sport history, Maxwell Howellhas as one of its central themes a backhanded tribute to the "father" of Canadian sport history, Alan Metcalfe. Anticipating there will be a disparity in experience among those in the audience, I attempt to say something to the young about creative teaching; something to the middle-aged about the turning-forty crisis; and something to the really old, like Metcalfe, in defense of Local Sport History. Three assumptions underlie the presentation:


ABSTRACT Existing international business researches mainly focus on the influences of unilateral institutional factors of host country or home country, as well as the institutional distance factors on location choice of outward direct investment, but the effects of bilateral relations as supranational institutions are largely neglected. Based on institutional theory, this paper explores the impacts of bilateral economic and political relations on location choice of China firms' outward direct investment, the interaction effect between the two, and the moderating effect of ownership. Using data of Chinese-listed firms from 2002 to 2012 in the Yangtze River Delta, we find that: firstly, bilateral economic and political relations both have positive impact on location choice; secondly, bilateral economic and political relations have substitution effect on location choice; thirdly, firms' state ownership has no significant moderating effect on bilateral relations and location choice.


This paper aims to present the outcomes of participation of farmer leaders elected to local and national government positions. At the local levels, these positions include being chiefs of villages, members of the local village council, mayor, and municipal councilor; while at the national level, being representative of a party list in Congress. This research looks into the outcomes on four aspects: on the individual leader, specifically on their views regarding the parliamentary struggle and its contribution to advancing their development agenda; on the benefits that accrue to the people's organization; on the services that were rendered to the community; and how the leaders achieved and promoted their sectoral development agenda as elected officials. The study also intends to surface lessons and implications to community development theory and practice in terms of leadership development, community organizing, community governance and empowerment..


The effects of wall suction on the entropy generation rate in a two-dimensional steady film condensation flow on a horizontal tube are investigated theoretically. In analyzing the liquid flow, the effects of both the gravitational force and the viscous force are taken into account. In addition, a film thickness reduction ratio, , is introduced to evaluate the effect of wall suction on the thickness of the condensate layer. The analytical results show that, the entropy generation rate depends on the Jakob number Ja, the Rayleigh number Ra, the Brinkman number Br, the dimensionless temperature difference , and the wall suction parameter . In addition, it is shown that in the absence of wall suction, a closed-form correlation for the Nusselt number can be derived. Finally, it is shown that the dimensionless entropy generation due to heat transfer, , increases with an increasing suction parameter , whereas the dimensionless entropy generation due to liquid film flow friction, , decreases.


In order to study global and regional distributions of ozone and its precursors, airborne experiments are regularly conducted by European institutions. It has been shown that intertropical regions have an important influence on the global distributions of photooxidants. In this study, chemical fields of ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides obtained over Ivory Coast during TROPOZ I experiment (December 1987) are presented and discussed in connection with their dynamical context.


Objectives

Hematoma formed after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) could results in secondary brain damage. In vitro thrombin treatment allows investigation of the pathology and mechanisms behind brain injury, and provides extracellular environment that simulates the conditions that result from ICH. Rosiglitazone treatment protects against brain damage through promoting the phagocytosis of red blood cells by microglia. The present study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms using the thrombin-induced model of ICH.

Methods

A total of 54 neonatal rats was used in the present study. Primary microglia were obtained from the brain tissues of neonatal SD rats, and then divided into 4 groups: normal control group (NC group), thrombin treatment group(TH group), RSG pretreatment + thrombin treatment group(RSG group), and RSG pretreatment + thrombin treatment together with p38MAPK signaling inhibitor group (SB group). Then, laser scanning confocal microscopywas used to evaluate microglial phagocytosis by observing phagocytizedred fluorescent microspheres. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CD36 were measured by RT-PCR and western blot.

Results

Microglial phagocytosis was increased in the RSG group compared with the other groups, and phagocytosis in the SB group was decreased compared to the RSG group. The RSG group displayed increased expression of CD36 compared to the other groups, both at protein and mRNA levels (P<0.01). The SB group expressed decreased levels of CD36 compared to the RSG group (P<0.01).

Conclusions

Rosiglitazone enhanced thrombin-induced phagocytosis in microglia;and the mechanism might involve increased expression of CD36 on the microglial surface through p38MAPK signaling. Keywords CD36, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Microglial cells, p38MAPK, Rosiglitazone, Thrombin


The advent of on-line degree programs has proved to be both a rewarding and challenging environment for graduate studies. In particular, teaching applied electromagnetic theory is a complex undertaking when the in-class interaction is removed. This presentation will outline some techniques used by the author to teach EM theory and applied EM theory applied to antennas. An overview of the Blackboard tool will be presented as will the structure of the classes.


Fixed‐wavelength magneto‐optical measurements of hysteresis loops based on phase modulation techniques is a standard method of investigation for thin ferromagnetic films and multilayers. We show that the most common light source employed, i.e., the multimode 632.8 nm HeNe laser, has very poor stability properties which strongly limit the overall sensitivity. Solid state diode lasers constitute a good alternative for immediate replacement. New generation, high luminosity light‐emitting diodes are an excellent alternative which requires only minor adjustments in existing setups.


This paper evaluates the adoption determinants and casual impact of adoption of improved chickpea technologies on market integration in rural Ethiopia. The article makes use of data obtained from a random cross-section sample of 700 small-scale farmers in Ethiopia. We apply augmented double hurdle model to analyze the determinants of the intensity of variety adoption conditional on overcoming seed access constraints. We estimate the causal impact of technology adoption on market integration by utilizing treatment effect model, regression based on propensity score as well as matching techniques to assess results robustness. Results show that knowledge of existing varieties, perception about the attributes of improved varieties, household wealth (livestock and land) and availability of active family labor force play a significant role in enhancing the level of adoption of improved chickpea varieties. Our analysis also reveals that the adoption of improved agricultural technologies has a significant positive impact on marketed surplus and the findings are consistence across the three models suggesting the robustness of the results. Integration into output market is also positively associated with household wealth and availability of active family labor force and negatively associated with age of household head and distance to main market. Results confirm the potential direct role of technology adoption on market integration among the rural households, as higher productivity from improved technology translates into higher output market integration. JEL classification: C13, C15, C34, C52, O32, O38


The formula of the anti-bending bearing capacity calculation of reinforced steel concrete composite beams is used to calculate general asymmetry H reinforced steel concrete composite beams in the different circumstances of deformation model deduction to get the cross-section bearing capacity of inverted T reinforced steel concrete beams.The deduction theoretical formula and ANSYS software are used to analyze and calculate the ultimate strength of equity cross-section and equity steel volume composite beams so as to show it correct and feasible to use the theoretical formula that the bearing capacity of the inverted T-beams is better than that of H-beams.


Optical fibers and fiber bundles are widely used as sampling systems in Raman spectrometry. The probes are convenient and easily adapted to remote sampling, and can be used in a hostile environment if necessary. The most common designs are bundles of two or more fibers, in which one fiber is used for illumination and the other(s) for collection of scattered light. Such designs are susceptible to contamination. The cements used to hold the fibers in place can absorb many organic materials. In time small cracks can develop in the probe structure, and serve as capillaries which take up any liquids.


N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl) 4,4'-diamine (NPD) is often used as a hole-transport material in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The polycrystallization of organic films in OLEDs is thought to be one of the degradation factors of the device performance. It is found that the generation and growth of polycrystalline region in NPD film can be efficiently suppressed by alternate deposition method. The generation of polycrystalline region in the alternate structure specimen depends on the top layer material. The OLEDs having alternate hole-transport layer have the similar initial EL properties as the OLEDs having organic alloy and only NPD hole-transport layer.


THE question could well be asked as to why load controlled high strain fatigue tests should be performed, particularly when so much of the current research employs strain control? The answer is simple: a load controlled high strain fatigue environment was discovered, and a test programme subsequently initiated to provide data that could be applied to future designs. Besides, what more realistic way of testing is there? Fundamentally, most structures, or elements thereof, sense load only during a working life; strain is merely a resulting effect.


The restratification of the cold wakes of Tropical Cyclones Fanapi, Frances, Igor and Katrina are examined based on derived scalings for processes that can restore the hurricane wake toward the precyclone conditions. The different restoration processes depend on the parameters of the wake: depth, width, buoyancy anomaly and wind stress. The parameters needed are derived for each wake from satellite and climatological data. The scalings are based on model results and existing parameterizations, including air-sea heat fluxes (one-dimensional) Ekman buoyancy fluxes (two-dimensional) and mixed layer eddies (three-dimensional). The dominant surface restoration occurs by a combination of surface fluxes and Ekman buoyancy fluxes, while the submesoscale mixed layer eddy bolus fluxes are the dominant subsurface effect.


This paper consists essentially of a review of the aspects considered to be major limitations, from a conceptual point of view if not always from a practical one, in the view of a codified approach to design and, more generally, in our ability of describing the seismic response of structures. The state of progress and the current research efforts on three interrelated subjects are first discussed: capacity design criteria and procedures, definition of the state of collapse and damage of a structure and viable techniques for a probabilistic calibration of safety factors. In the second part of the paper the specific problem of shear-bending interaction is considered, whose behavior is qualitatively known, but is neither quantitatively well defined nor commonly implemented in computer programs, and a simple proposal for an analytical model is presented.


The dependence of 60 Hz‐1.0 T losses on uniaxial tensile and compressive stress states was characterized for (110) [001] 3% Si‐Fe sheet as a function of ϑ, the angle between the [001] direction and the applied field and stress direction. Tensile stress produced lower losses compared to the zero stress state for 0°?ϑ?10° and 55°?ϑ?90°. Compressive stress generally increased losses compared to zero stress and to tensile stress of the same magnitude, with two noteworthy exceptions. For ϑ=55° losses were approximately independent of stress, while losses under compressive stress were less than losses under tensile stress of the same magnitude for 30°?ϑ<55°.


Abstract: In this paper a simple technique for field measurement of rain water loss arising from interception and waterflows associated with species of small Mediterranean shrub is described: the 'interception flow collection box'.This technique solves the problem of installing devices to control stemflow in species with a multiple trunk anddemonstrates its e†ciency through the results obtained from the data observed for three species of semi-aridMediterranean shrub: Juniperus oxycedrus, Rosmarinus o†cinalis and Thymus vulgaris. Finally, the empiricalequations for the prediction of throughfall, stemflow and rain water loss through interception are presentedfor the three selected species and the validity of the technique employed is established. #1998 John Wiley S drainage; stemflow; interception; small shrub INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVESInitial studies of interception arose from the idea that large areas of forest retain and evaporate a significantpart of the rainfall they receive, at the same time reducing the water resources available to the forest floor.These studies, essential to the research of water balance in wooded areas, are very important at a local andregional level, in addition to contributing to knowledge of the processes in a wide range of structurallycomplex forest covers.Following the initial work of Horton (1919), hundreds of experiments have been carried out in this area(for example, Haynes, 1940; Kittredge et al., 1941; Law, 1957; Rutter, 1963; Helvey and Patric, 1965;Leonard, 1966; Gash and Morton, 1978). However, the majority of these have been carried out in forests,with very few paying attention to other types of plant cover, such as shrubland, grassland, etc. (Burgy andPomeroy, 1958; Slatyer, 1965; Crouse et al., 1966; De Ploey, 1982; Tromble, 1988; Navar and Bryan, 1990).In forests, the procedures used to measure the water that passes through the cover and reaches the soil(throughfall) are various: ranging from a dense networkof pluviometers uniformly distributed around atree(Ford and Deans, 1978; Durocher, 1990; Belmonte Serrato and Romero Di´az, 1992), to a network ofpluviometers that are moved periodically (Aussenac, 1970) or maintained in their original, randomly chosenpositions (Veneklaas and Van Ek, 1990). Also, large surface pluviometers (Rutter et al., 1971; Massman,1983; Mulder, 1985) or 'net rain water pluviometers' (Calder and Rosier, 1976) have been used, althoughtheselatterdevicespresenttheproblemofsummingtheflowsofthroughfallandstemflow(waterthatreaches


This research proposes improving the aquarium environment for ornamental fish farming for small enterprises raising ornamental fish for sale during the COVID-19 Pandemic with an automatic aquarium system capable of forecasting the optimum environment for fish using Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network. Since the amount of the collected data was limited, it was also employed to adjust the imbalanced dataset by applying the Synthetic Minority OverSampling Technique to increase forecasting accuracy. Subsequently, the developed system is based on Internet of Things devices in conjunction with sensors for measuring the indicators that affect the aquarium environment, including temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids, the potential of hydrogen ions, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate ion. Further, the mobile application was developed and collaborated with sensors and devices to facilitate entrepreneurs monitoring and controlling this automatic system. The results showed that the accuracy of the developed water environment forecasting model was 97.31% and gave the highest level of automation efficiency. Therefore, the developed automated aquarium system could be applied to reduce fish mortality and maintain environmental conditions to grow adequately over the fish life span.


This review assesses modern bioengineering philosophical foundations to exhume modern bioengineering's rational framework. Both the physical and biological sciences require engineering as the ultimate mechanism for transforming knowledge into practice. Engineering's emerging biosciences has acknowledged addressing major issues in environmental ecology and human health. Scientists and engineers should be familiar with the technology in order to fully realize the potential of modern bioengineering and lay a solid foundation for green technology. Bioengineering philosophy teaches scientists the broad principles of scientific study and identifies the endeavor's intrinsic goals "how" questions of the physical world and normative "why" issues of values. Not only must scientists and bioengineers be motivated, but they must also be educated about their ethical and societal duties, which necessitate an interdisciplinary approach. We examined the mechanical approach of physical sciences, the functional approach of biological processes, and the integrated method after establishing the bioengineering conceptual framework. In addition, the review examined a variety of bioscience disciplines. It has concluded that an interdisciplinary approach is essential for unlocking the potential of bioengineering and laying the foundation for green technology based on moral values. Bioengineering research and education must acquire both epistemological and normative knowledge in order to achieve such a noble goal. The first is critical for new ideas and inventions, while the second helps bioengineers understand their ethical and moral obligations.


Ten names in Fissidens Hedw. are newly placed in the synonymy of six accepted names of Fissidens. One new combination is made: Fissidens lagenarius Mitt. var. muriculatus (Mitt.) Pursell, stat. & comb. nov. The following report is a continuation of the list of synonyms of neotropical Fissidens presented in two previous papers (Pursell 1994, 1997). FISSIDENS BECKETTII Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13:


Several doped 6H hexagonal ruthenates, having the general formula Ba3MRu2O9, have been studied over a significant period of time to understand the unusual magnetism of ruthenium metal. However, among them, the M = Fe compound appears different since it is observed that unlike others, the 3d Fe ions and 4d Ru ions can easily exchange their crystallographic positions, and as a result many possible magnetic interactions become realizable. The present study involving several experimental methods on this compound establishes that the magnetic structure of Ba3FeRu2O9 is indeed very different from all other 6H ruthenates. Local structural study reveals that the possible Fe/Ru site disorder further extends to create local chemical inhomogeneity, affecting the high-temperature magnetism of this material. There is a gradual decrease of Fe-57 Mossbauer spectral intensity with decreasing temperature (below 100 K), which reveals that there is a large spread in the magnetic ordering temperatures, corresponding to many spatially inhomogeneous regions. However, finally at about 25 K, the whole compound is found to take up a global glasslike magnetic ordering.


Today the development of computers and technology are so rapidly, use is no longer limited to companies or large institutions and capable only. Many companies or institutions, whether large or small, government or private use computers as a means to improve the effectiveness of work. Practice with a specialist is a practice that is more than one medical specialist working in public health services. It required that if a system can improve effectiveness and efficiency of work. In addition, many clinics still use manual way to record all patient health data, so that the patient's health data is difficult to control and lead to human error can not provide accurate information. So far in terms of patient health data records as well as the purchase and sale of drugs at the pharmacy took place manually, thus affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of work, so that service to the patient becomes very slow. In this final task, the author tries to apply the concept of an integrated information system to manage patient data, physician data, transaction data, and pharmacy data on drugs with the help of computers, since the patient came for treatment, drug supply data collection (inventory), the patient care, until the printing of reports required for decision-making and maintenance of the database. With this system, time constraints can be overcome. Iterative process can be done quickly. Also in its application, is expected not happening is due to constraints in the formulation of this system refers to the patient care system as a whole. So time to get the necessary information can be done in a timely and accurate. This application is designed to make patient data recording, the recording of transactions pharmacies, doctor's examination, the patient's health records, users, reports, and exit which allows the user to run this application. Key words : JSP, Practice with all Specialist, MySQL


Under different language contexts, people choose different terms or phrases to express their feelings and opinions. When a user is writing a paper or chatting with a friend, he/she applies a specific language model corresponding to the underlying goal. This paper presents a log-based study of analyzing the language models with specific goals. We exhibit the statistical information of terms and software programs, propose some methods to estimate the divergence of language models with specific user goals and measure the discrimination of these models. Experimental results show that the language models with different user goals have large divergence and different discrimination. These study conclusions can be applied to understand user needs and improve Human-Computer Interaction (HCI).


T IS WELL KNOWN that the Republicans intended to perpetuate their party's ascendency after the Civil War.' Section Two of the Fourteenth Amendment2 was, of course, an important part of their plan. Where that particular section of the amendment should have fitted into the party's blueprint and how it was to do so, has not yet been adequately sketched. Specifically, then, this study will attempt to determine just what the framers of Section Two of the Fourteenth Amendment thought it would accomplish. The basic research source for such an inquiry is the Congressional Globe.3 It is not, however, the only source. For the era's general history is necessarily relevant to the study of the law which issued from it. To avoid repetition of abundantly available materials, however, a passing familiarity with that history will be assumed.4 Suffice it to say the Republicans built their hopes upon a projected coalition between their power in the North and the "loyal" votes in the South. Of course, the "loyal" Southern vote was to be drawn primarily from the approximately 650,000 adult, male freedmen living there. The nature of this relationship between the potential Negro vote in the South and Republican ascendancy will emerge more clearly as we progress. For it was the pivotal point around which much of the congressional debate over Section Two revolved. The debates on the subject, which eventually led to the section as it is in the amendment today, may be seen as expressed through four dimensions. The introduction of a bill allowing Negro suffrage in the District of Columbia precipitated the debate. Although the bill passed in the House, the Senate did not give it serious consideration during the Congress' first session. The second dimension of debate


To generate an image of the sample in the digital space, it provides a method for measuring the response to a plurality of sample spots stimulation of sample with a measurement system having a measurement range. The method includes for each sample, at the same time to measure the reaction, steps of stimulus values to correspond to the value of the intermediate portion of the measured response measurement range changes the stimulation to include at least one, and comprises the step of saving the measured reaction value corresponding to the value of the middle portion of the measurement range and the stimulus value that generated the measurement reaction value.


Abstract The concept of »development« was an important part of the global re-ordering which took place after World War II. With the rise of the development paradigm, the hour of the planners began to strike. »We are all planners now,« W. Arthur Lewis declared in 1949. Lewis, who originated from the Caribbean and taught development economics in Manchester, embodied like no one else the confidence in the »development potential« of the states in Africa and Asia struggling for independence. Lewis was deeply convinced that the political economies of the »Third World« would flourish on the basis of careful planning and with the help of the »right« economic programs. This article analyses at some examples the planning efforts of late colonial administrations in Africa and traces the way from the promise of planning to the end of the planning euphoria in the 1960s.


The goal of advertising is the persuasion of a customer of the merits of a particular product or service. Whatever the strategy advertisers employ in order to influence the consumer, language is the main carrier of the message. Among the components of advertising (visual images, words, logos, brand names, graphic designs and so on), words play a key role since by them the audience is able to grasp the advertising message (Dyer, 1982; Nga, 210) . In advertising, copywriters use English words to project the product or service they are bringing to the audience's attention in the most attractive fashion. Copywriters use English quite distinctively; they sometimes employ the descriptive style of writing to present their messages. The rationale is that description makes the information more intriguing and engaging for the audience. The primary objective of description in advertising is to frame an image of a product in the minds of the consumer through sufficient details and allow them to experience the product through their five senses. Description in advertising creates a dominant impression, an overall attitude, mood or feeling about a product or service. In the current paper, the writer has analyzed the descriptive elements in the English used in an advertising text in a newspaper in Ghana. The theoretical framework that was adopted was Fairclough's (1992) Three-Dimensional Model Theory and the qualitative research design was employed for the study. The descriptive features that were realized in the selected advertisement (henceforth advert) were sensory details, figurative expressions, modifiers and picturesque vocabulary. The description of the advertising text was effective, in that, it left the reader with a clear impression: a craving for the Castle Milk Stout alcoholic beverage that was advertised. Keywords : Advertising, description, English, persuasion, Castle Milk Stout


The notation and terminology used in this paper are introduced in the following papers: [12], [11], [14], [7], [8], [6], [9], [16], [2], [3], [1], [13], and [4]. Let X be a set and let Y be a subset of 2 . Then ⋃ Y is a subset of X. In this article we present several logical schemes. The scheme DenestFraenkel concerns a non empty set A, a non empty set B, a unary functor F yielding arbitrary, a unary functor G yielding an element of B, and a unary predicate P, and states that: {F(a) : a ranges over elements of B, a ∈ {G(b) : b ranges over elements of A, P[b]}} = {F(G(a)) : a ranges over elements of A, P[a]} for all values of the parameters. The scheme EmptyFraenkel deals with a non empty set A, a unary functor F yielding arbitrary, and a unary predicate P, and states that: {F(a) : a ranges over elements of A, P[a]} = ∅ provided the following requirement is met: • It is not true that there exists an element a of A such that P[a]. We now state two propositions: (1) Let L1, L2 be non empty lattice structures. Suppose the lattice structure of L1 = the lattice structure of L2. Let a1, b1 be elements of L1, and let a2, b2 be elements of L2, and let X be a set. Suppose a1 = a2 and b1 = b2. Then a1 ⊔ b1 = a2 ⊔ b2 and a1 ⊓ b1 = a2 ⊓ b2 and a1 ⊑ b1 iff a2 ⊑ b2. (2) Let L1, L2 be non empty lattice structures. Suppose the lattice structure of L1 = the lattice structure of L2. Let a be an element of L1, and


Abstract
Background: Reports on kidney stone incidences in large animal is not uncommon and that too in buffaloes. Despite, their repeated recording during post mortem examination, detailed elaboration of their effect


Submitted for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Noble Metals and Transition Metals Adsorbed on Graphene: The Pursuit of Graphene Spintronics MATHEUS PAES LIMA, Univeristy of Sao Paulo, ADALBERTO FAZZIO, University of Sao Paulo — Via first-principles simulations we study the structural, magnetic and electron transport properties of 2D graphene in the presence of single atoms. We consider Cu, Ag and Au, as well as Mn, Fe, Co and Ni adsorbed on pristine and defective graphene containing vacancies and divacancies. To obtain the transport properties we perform ab-initio calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) coupled to Non-Equilibrium Greens' Function (NEGF) formalism using the Landauer-Büttiker formula within the MeirWingreen approach. Our results show that graphene+noble metals systems have a gate controllable spin polarized current, allowing the fabrication of switchable spin filters with a moderated efficiency. In the particular case of Gold adsorbed on pristine graphene, a positive gate leads to a polarized current with excess of up electrons, while a negative gate the converse. Despite the high-spin configuration of Mn, the d levels are very far from the Fermi level. The Ni atom prefers a non-magnetic configuration. Therefore, graphene+transition metals systems present a polarized current only for Fe and Co atoms, allowing the fabrication of spin filters with very high efficiency. Matheus Paes Lima University of Sao Paulo Date submitted: 19 Nov 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


Establishing commonweal labor course in higher vocational education is the requirement to cultivate students and make them become the talented people;to cultivate students' nice moral character;to cultivate good professional quality;to cultivate students and make them acquire good individual sanitary practices;to cultivate environment protection awareness and maintain campus environment clean.Only do well the links scientifically and normally such as mobilization before labor,teaching during labor,quality evaluation,labor achievement assessment and report,perfecting self-evaluation mechanism,etc.as well as do well the organization,implementation and integrative evaluation of commonweal labor course,can the function of commonweal labor be brought into better play.


Execution appraisal of TCP website traffic in OBS frameworks has been underneath heightened examine, due to the fact TCP builds up the majority of net visitors. As a dependable and transparently open take a look at framework, ns2 has been generally used for considering TCP/IP frameworks; anyways ns2 dreams an extensive parcel of the elements for imitating optical burst buying and selling frameworks. in this paper, a ns2 primarily based OBS reenactment gadget (nOBS), that is labored for reading burst assembling, reserving and strife targets counts in OBS frameworks is proven. The middle factor and association inquiries in OBS are connected in nOBS for making optical facilities and optical institutions. The passage, attention and flight middle factor functionalities are joined into a run of the mill optical center factor constructing, which incorporates masters chargeable for burstification, controlling and arranging. The results of burstification parameters, e.G., burstification break, burst size and number of burstification backings enhance center thing, on TCP execution are investigated the usage of nOBS for one among a type TCP interpretations and unmistakable framework topologies. The path of motion of libraries we long-established for this object is called Multi InteRfAce move Layer Extension for ns2 (MIRACLE). They replace the functionalities supplied with the aid of the network Simulator ns2 by using way of giving a beneficial and embedded engine for coping with skip-layer messages and, on the equal time, enabling the combination of various modules inside every layer of the display stack. as an instance, various framework, association, MAC or physical layers may be resolved and used inside a comparative center. the consequences of this are puzzling. As an trouble of first importance, the structure empowers the execution and the reenactment of present day-day correspondence structures in ns2. moreover, due to its planned great, the code is probably reduced, re-usable and extensible.


POISONINGS BY TOXIC WATERBLOOMS of freshwater cyanophytes (blue-green algae) often cause a considerable economic loss when livestock are involved. Three toxic genera, Microcystis, Aphanizomenon and Anabaena, have been implicated in these poisonings. Of these genera, the species Anabaena flos-aquae has received the most thorough investigation (2, 5). This cyanophyte often forms thick wind-concentrated surface blooms or scums in eutrophic lakes and sloughs in Western Canada during the summer months. Some of these blooms are toxic and when a critical dose is ingested by livestock or other animals deaths can occur from 10 to 20 minutes, up to several hours. Alberta and Saskatchewan, in particular, have had intermittent but repeated cases of cyanophyte poisonings, many of which have been recorded by Schwimmer et al. (11) and more recently for Saskatchewan by Hammer (6). Some recent cases which we have investigated include the following:


The economic growth associated with maximizing profits from the use of natural resources and the environment has exhausted itself. The ideology of organic farming implies an optimal combination of the interests of the rural population, consumers of environmentally friendly products and a healthy environment. In recent years, the idea of using a national Baikal brand in the food market has been widely demanded and relevant. Such a pioneer product is the production of bottled Baikal water that meets international quality standards. An obstacle to the wide access to the world market for this product is the legislative restrictions in most developed countries on the consumption of drinking water from open sources. However, the upcoming world water crisis will open up prospects for a wider use of Baikal water, primarily, in densely populated Asian countries. In recent years, breeding of native breeds of farm animals adapted to the local climate, which comply with the principles of organic farming, has been revived in the Baikal region. In addition, the proximity of the external export market determines the possible production of specific "halal" products that are targeted at Southeast Asian countries with a predominantly Muslim population. In Mongolia, practical steps have been taken to produce "religious-specific" organic products, including the national quality standard for "halal" products. The high quality of meat products based on pastoralism corresponds to the rules of kosher food. Strict laws of "kashrut" may correspond to beef and lamb, as well as high-quality fish products of endemic species of the Baikal basin. These factors give a particular specificity to the concept of organic products, which combine the quality of ecological products with the uniqueness of the Baikal brand, the national specificity of Buddhism culture and traditions of oriental culinary.


The new SIRIS (Scanning InfraRed Imaging System) camera developed at the National Gallery in London allows high-resolution images of paintings to be made in the near infrared region (900-1700 nm). Images of 5000 × 5000 pixels are made by moving a 320 × 256 pixel InGaAs array across the focal plane of the camera using two orthogonal translation stages. The great advantages of this camera over scanning infrared devices are its relative portability and that image acquisition is comparatively rapid - a full 5000 × 5000 pixel image can be made in around 20 minutes. The paper describes the development of the mechanical, optical and electronic components of the camera, including the design of a new lens. The software routines used to control image capture and to assemble the individual 320 × 256 pixel frames into a seamless mosaic image are also mentioned. The optics of the SIRIS camera have been designed so that the camera can operate at a range of resolutions; from around 2.5 pixels per millimetre on large paintings of up to 2000 × 2000 mm to 10 pixels per millimetre on smaller paintings or details of paintings measuring 500 × 500 mm. The camera is primarily designed to examine underdrawings in paintings; preliminary results from test targets and paintings are presented and the quality of the images compared with those from other cameras currently used in this field.


Summary Azotobacter species were not detected in five soils, of medium natural fertility, which were originally under forest but which had been under introduced-grass pastures for several years. Counts were made of Clostridium butyricum in two of these soils under grass and clover pastures. The numbers of these anaerobic bacteria were low and the amounts of nitrogen fixed by them in pastures would be very small compared with those fixed by the clover-Rhizobium association.


A preliminary investigation was made of the effect of frazil ice on arrays of lines positioned in flowing water under winter conditions. It was found that the lines would provide a stable basis for forming an ice cover on many stream reaches that would normally remain open because of high velocity and shallow depths.Tests were conducted in a refrigerated flume and in small mountain rivers. Flume depths varied from 2 – 22 cm and river depths varied from 33–50 cm. Average flow velocities had a range of 0.08–0.84 m/s in the flume and a range of 0.6–0.8 m/s in the rivers. Frazil ice would grow on a line quite rapidly achieving a diameter of 32 mm in 15 min, on a 3.2 mm dia, line in the flume. In the river, overnight accumulations reached 20 cm in depth. A few drag force measurements were made which yielded an average shear drag coefficient of 0.16.The results suggest methods of increasing our control over ice.


The January effect implies that securities market experience in abnormal return in January. In this thesis, I conduct the empirical research of the January effect on monthly returns of Vietnam securities market, specifically VN-Index. The research is aimed to find out the existence of January effect on overall period, subperiods of VN-Index and on securities portfolio with different market capitalization. By using the method of least square, the research result has shown that January effect exists overall period of VN-Index with higher effect during uptrend period but there has no effect during downtrend period. The effect also does not exist on different market-cap portfolio during the downtrend period. The observation of this effect can help investors to establish a profitable investment strategy and effective risk management.


These days there is a discernible change in the mind-set to map Indian entrepreneurship - may it be conventional industrial arena or the much needed social sector. Entrepreneurs are adorned for the work they are engaged in and game-changing potentials of their work rather than the brain-numbing statistics rolled out periodically. Heartening to note a social entrepreneurs brigade is filling the development space where the State and NGOs failed to deliver. Of course, they are eulogized as reformers and revolutionaries across the society for the change making initiatives in the social sector. Though they may act locally, their actions have the potentials to gain national as well as global attention, may it be in education, healthcare, environment, arts and others. This paper tries to analyse a social venture through Balanced Score Card (BSC) model developed by David Norton and Robert Kaplan which is normally used to gauge the strategic performance of business firms. Normally the basic strategy process begins with a vision statement, percolates down to objectives, internal and external analysis, strategic choices, strategy formulation and finally, strategy implementation. Main thrust of this paper is the application of Balanced Score Card framework developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton for social enterprises in higher education with special emphasis on Alva's Education Foundation (AEF), Moodubidire (D.K). While doing so, it tries to highlight the transformational leadership shown by Dr M Mohan Alva in higher education in short time span. Dr Alva's vision: 'transform the less-known historical temple town Moodubidire into a thriving educational-hub'. A vast array of educational institutions, from basic primary education to professional disciplines – Engineering, Ayurveda and Pharmacy Colleges - leave alone the degree college offering both UG and PG programmes, initiated in and around 'Vidyagiri'. Vidyagiri is gaining name and fame across the nation is the testimony to this ideals. Thus accrued the hallmark of Alva's Education Foundation (R) -discipline, punctuality, humanity and fulfilment.


By using the O 2 absorption band near 0.762 μm, remote sounding errors of surface pressure caused by 6 scientific and 9 technical factors are estimated one-by-one. Then, the remote sounding accuracy in clear field of view is estimated. If atmospheric aerosols and the bi-reflectance at the earth surface are measured accurately by means of other ways, the remote sounding accuracy for the surface pressure of 1000 hPa is 1.3-4.3 hPa in circumstances of heavy atmospheric aerosols; on the other hand, 0.9-4.7 hPa for larger surface bi-reflectance and 2.8-15 hPa for smaller surface bi-reflectance, respectively, in circumstances of lightest atmospheric aerosols.


Marine mammals can adjust their vocal behaviors when they encounter anthropogenic noise. The acoustic divergence among different populations has also been considered as the effect of ambient noise. The recent studies discover that the marine soundscape is highly dynamic; however, it remains unclear how marine mammals alter their vocal behaviors under various acoustic environments. In this study, autonomous sound recorders were deployed in western Taiwan waters between 2012 and 2015. Soundscape scenes were unsupervised classified according to acoustic features measured in each 5 min interval. Non-negative matrix factorization was used to separate different scenes and to inverse the temporal occurrence of each soundscape scene. Echolocation clicks and whistles of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, which represent the only marine mammal species occurred in the study area, were automatically detected and analyzed. The preliminary result indicates the soundscape scenes dominated by biological sounds are correlate...


Arterial properties change during hypertension (HTN) development. The time course of the changes can be used as a marker of vascular remodeling in the development of HTN. Study Aim: To determine whether pressure induced changes in vascular properties result in alterations in pressure-flow patterns that impact the load for ventricular function: input & characteristic impedance, A rterial C ompliance (AC)= SV/PP (stroke volume)/(pulse pressure), AC=Tau/peripheral resistance (PR), and PP were investigated. Methods: Pressure and flow relations were investigated in dogs during the development of renal-HTN over 4-weeks (Wks). The sensitivity of hemodynamic markers of vascular remodeling was evaluated by changes in AC= SV/PP, and by AC= Tau/PR and PP. Results: All BP components increased during the development of HTN. Changes in Input Impedance, increased through Wks 2 to 4. Increases in the steady component of the cardiac cycle were reflected by peripheral PR, and changes in the pulsatile component were reflected by changes in AC=SV/PP, and AC=Tau /RP; and changes in characteristic impedance. PP and PAP increased by Week 2, reflection of the cardiac and arterial workloads and vascular Tension RP that progressed through Wk 4 Conclusion: Reliable and accessible markers that indicate changes in arterial pressure, flow & volume, are: PP and AC (SV/PP), and AC (Tau /TPR). These variables detected increases in the heart-load and alterations in pressure-flow patterns that impair cardiovascular-function resulting in HTN-CVD; input and characteristic impedance, also provides remodeling information about the arterial system but are not readily available to clinicians.


In highly integrated manufacturing lines, intelligent scheduling system plays an important role in effective manufacturing operation. Fully de-centralized scheduling architecture with flexibility and robustness against environmental changes is required in manufacturing operation. This paper studies the abilities of multi-agent paradigm with simple architecture and biological primitive algorithm to construct reactive planning type self-organised scheduling in relation to several process machines. Efficient individual behaviour is obtained in simulation model and self-organized work flow is formulated with coordinated motions. A learning algorithm based on Q-Learning is also applied to increase the efficiency of agent behaviour with robustness. Proposed learning algorithm enhances the agent's reliability coping with the several scheduling demands.


The purpose of this study is to explore and investigate empirically the relationships between system quality, information quality, service quality, internet self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, intrinsic, user satisfaction, and continuous intention to use e-learning system in Jordan. This study approaches the above purpose by developing a questionnaire build on intensive literature review and consulting existing valid instruments that appeared in prior studies. The results of data analysis indicate that there is a positive relationship between system quality, information quality, service quality, internet self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, intrinsic, and user satisfaction. The results also show there are positive relationships between system quality, information quality, service quality, internet self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, intrinsic, user satisfaction, and continuous intention to use e-learning system. Finally, the results suggest that there is no difference in the evaluation of continuous intention to use e-learning systems by research respondents in terms of demographic variables such as, gender, age, and level of education.


Purpose: To study the influence of naloxone hydrochloride on traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Three groups of rats were used: normal control, TBI, and TBI + naloxone hydrochloride groups (12 rats/group). In the control group, only the osseous foramen was opened. Rats in TBI group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, while the naloxone group received naloxone hydrochloride injection at the same time. Changes in peripheral blood β-EP, CD4+, CD8+, IL-2, and S100-B levels; and brain tissue MMP-9 were assessed. Results: The levels of β-EP in the TBIand naloxone-treated rats were higher than control values, while levels of CD4+ in TBI and naloxone groups were significantly lower than those of control group (p < 0.01). At every time point, CD8+ level in naloxone group was significantly lower than that in TBI group (p < 0.01). Compared with control group, the levels of IL-2 in the TBI and naloxone groups were significantly lower. Higher levels of S100-B were seen in TBIand naloxone-treated rats, relative to control value. In the naloxone group, MMP-9 expression was downregulated, when compared to the expression TBI rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Naloxone hydrochloride reduces β-EP, alleviates inflammation, protects nerve cells and reduces brain injury in TBI rats. There is, thus, a potential to develop naloxone for the management of brain injury


Teeth exhibit the least turnover of natural structure and are readily accessible for examination. They are the least destructible part of the body and are useful in determination of gender by using different odontometric techniques.The study sample consisted ofcasts of 300 subjects (150 males; 150 females) with an age range of 12-14 years of Punjab population. Alginate Impressions of both arches were taken and dental casts were made. Inter first molar arch width both in maxillary and mandibular arch was m easured with the help of Digital Vernier Caliper. It was found that Inter First Molar arch width was more in males as compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. Also, maxillary arch width was found to be varying significantly ascompared to mandibular arch in both sexes. Abstract Teeth exhibit the least turnover of natural structure and are readily accessible for examination. They are the least destructible part of the body and are useful in determination of gender by using different odontometric techniques.The study sample consisted ofcasts of 300 subjects (150 males; 150 females) with an age range of 12-14 years of Punjab population. Alginate Impressions of both arches were taken and dental casts were made. Inter first molar arch width both in maxillary and mandibular arch was m easured with the help of Digital Vernier Caliper. It was found that Inter First Molar arch width was more in males as compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. Also, maxillary arch width was found to be varying significantly ascompared to mandibular arch in both sexes. Abstract Teeth exhibit the least turnover of natural structure and are readily accessible for examination. They are the least destructible part of the body and are useful in determination of gender by using different odontometric techniques.The study sample consisted ofcasts of 300 subjects (150 males; 150 females) with an age range of 12-14 years of Punjab population. Alginate Impressions of both arches were taken and dental casts were made. Inter first molar arch width both in maxillary and mandibular arch was m easured with the help of Digital Vernier Caliper. It was found that Inter First Molar arch width was more in males as compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. Also, maxillary arch width was found to be varying significantly ascompared to mandibular arch in both sexes.


Drawing on the awareness of consequence literature, this paper unpacks how the awareness of the consequences of full-sun cocoa production can encourage farmers to adopt shaded cocoa agroforestry that preserves the land and favours better cocoa farm waste management. Using Ghana as a case study, the paper provides distinctive insights on how shaded cocoa agroforestry systems provide sustainable yields in the medium- to long-term, relative to unshaded systems. We also find that cocoa farmers' awareness of consequences about the effects of undertaking unshaded cocoa production could make individual farmers exhibit pro-environmental behaviour, leading to the adoption of cocoa agroforestry systems that help preserve soil fertility and improve waste management. We recommend that the utilization of awareness of consequence protocols, coupled with the efficient diffusion of information on the benefits of agroforestry in terms of waste management and environmental improvements to the cocoa farmers, could increase the adoption of shaded cocoa production regimes in Ghana.


Modeling and simulation of optical remote sensing system plays an unslightable role in remote sensing mission predictions, imaging system design, image quality assessment. It has already become a hot research topic at home and abroad. Atmospheric turbulence influence on optical systems is attached more and more importance to as technologies of remote sensing are developed. In order to study the influence of atmospheric turbulence on earth observation system, the atmospheric structure parameter was calculated by using the weak atmospheric turbulence model; and the relationship of the atmospheric coherence length and high resolution remote sensing optical system was established; then the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the coefficient r0h of optical remote sensing system of ground resolution was derived; finally different orbit height of high resolution optical system imaging quality affected by atmospheric turbulence was analyzed. Results show that the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the high resolution remote sensing optical system, the resolution of which has reached sub meter level meter or even the 0.5m, 0.35m and even 0.15m ultra in recent years, image quality will be quite serious. In the above situation, the influence of the atmospheric turbulence must be corrected. Simulation algorithms of PSF are presented based on the above results. Experiment and analytical results are posted.


This study investigated the extent to which generalized equity, a reciprocal exchange approach to maintenance (e.g., reward minus costs), and a self-interest approach (e.g., rewards only) were associated with marital satisfaction. An online survey was distributed to 547 heterosexual married individuals. Results supported equity predictions for six maintenance behaviors when using a categorical measure of equity, and for five of the maintenance behaviors when using a linear measure of equity. Counter to predictions, equity and sex did not interact on the use of maintenance. Finally, a combination of equity, reciprocal exchange, and self-interest predicted 57% of the variance in marital satisfaction.


Cysts and sinuses of the neck may be roughly classified into those which occupy the midline and those which lie lateral to the midline. This discussion deals with cysts and sinuses lying in both locations but is limited to those which arise from the deeper-lying embryologic structures. Thus dermoids, simple retention cysts of the skin, etc., have been excluded except as they are involved in the differential diagnosis. The nomenclature of the subject is in a rather chaotic state. There is considerable evidence to show that not only do the so-called "branchiogenic" or "branchial" cysts and fistulae fail to arise from the branchial apparatus but that, in like manner, the "thyroglossal" cysts and sinuses do not arise directly from the thyroglossal apparatus. Because the terms "branchial" and "thyroglossal" have become so ingrained in the literature, they have been retained in this discussion and used synonymously with the simpler terms "lateral" and "median" respectively.


We study a turbulent model based on vorticity associated to turbulent transport of fluids. The basis of this study is the use of a lengthscale that controls the transport of turbulent vorticity, and we transform the different sets of Reynolds (RANS) equations. Once we obtain the system of equations, a numerical integration has been implemented. Simultaneously, we have performed the quantification of the evolution of several vortexes placed in centred zones of the proposed grid. The system of equations has been discretized using a 3D cartesian grid of 60x60x120. Then, we have applied an integration technique of finite increments. Throughout the use of Reynolds' decomposition, in mean and perturbed velocity components, it is necessary to calculate every magnitude in both versions at the same time, mean and perturbed. Because of this, during the first temporal interval. The related average terms have to be calculated trough spatial averaging. At the second phase, some of those spatial calculations are going to be substituted by the showed system of equations. Finally, at the third integration interval (last phase), we propose the use of a combination of spatial and temporal averages together with this system of equation in order to evaluate the instantaneous terms. Different vortical structures have been placed in the centred zones of thhe grid array. The results showed some main aspects of the eddies for instance, the elongation along their own motion.


Jindaoyou 122 is a new three-line hybrid rice combination with weak photosensitivity derived from Jindao 13A and Guanghui 122 with blast resistance,both of which are developed by the Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It shows high and stable yielding ability.In the late cropping regional trials of Guangdong Province in 2005 and 2006,its yields were significantly higher than those of the check hybrid(Boyou 122) by 8.59% and 5.95%,respectively.It is suitable for growing as late rice in the provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi.In January,2008,Jindaoyou 122 was certified for release by Guangdong Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee.


Abstract The pandemic has provided a unique window of opportunity for higher education institutions to change because of the disruptions in normal ways of operating. The pandemic crisis has created opportunities to revise our strategies, internal and external partnerships, teaching methods, student pathways and recruitment approaches, incentive systems, faculty expertise, assessment approaches, and overarching goals of higher education. This article discusses a proactive stance suggesting that higher education must respond not only to the past, not even to the present, but to future needs.


An optical position sensor, which converts the shift of light beam center to voltage signal, was used to detect an analyte with a glass slab optical waveguide (SOWG) detector for flow analysis. The detector responded to mixtures of ethanol and water as well as methylene blue (MB) solutions, i.e., to change in the refractive index of the surface area of the SOWG. The detection limit of this system for MB solutions was half of that with the absorbance measurement using the SOWG.


In Situ ellipsometric study has been carried out during the deposition of the CuInSe2 thin film by means of the three-stage process. A rotator analyzing ellipsomerter using a 632.8 nm He-Ne laser was used. Ellipsometric parameters (Ψ and Δ) and reflectivity R was obtained during the entire deposition stages, in which a complex reflection coefficient is ρ=tanΨ exp(iΔ). Cu, In and Se were deposited on the Mo-coated SLG substrate. At the first-stage (In-Se deposition), the In-Se film deposition rate and its reflactive index has been obtained on the basis of the light interference. At the second-stage, changes in both Ψ and Δ are observed. Based on the X-ray diffraction measurement, these changes are related to the stoichiometric composition of the film from In-rich to Cu-rich. This signal was utilized as a process switch from the second-stage to the third-stage. At the third stage, the weak change in Ψ has been observed showing the change of the stoichiometric composition from the Cu- rich to the In-rich. By means of the in situ ellipsometry-controlled three-stage process, the CuInSe2 layer with single phase chalcopyrite structure has successfully been prepared, which exhibits an intense near-band-edge photoluminescence at 0.998 eV at room temperature. The preliminary fabricated ZnO/CdS/CuInSe2 solar cell exhibited a conversion efficiency of 5.6%. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)