We show that decoupled hidden sectors can have observational consequences. As a representative model example, we study dark matter production in the Higgs portal model with one real singlet scalar $s$ coupled to the Standard Model Higgs via $\lambda_{\rm hs}\Phi^\dagger\Phi s^2$ and demonstrate how the combination of non-observation of cosmological isocurvature perturbations and astrophysical limits on dark matter self-interactions imply stringent bounds on the magnitude of the scalar self-coupling $\lambda_{\rm s}s^4$. For example, for dark matter mass $m_{\rm s}=10$ MeV and Hubble scale during cosmic inflation $H_*=10^{12}$ GeV, we find $10^{-4}\lesssim \lambda_{\rm s}\lesssim 0.2$.


DNA molecule responsible for heredity, has been the subject of many studies resulting in the emergence of biological disciplines such as genomics, because this has been done to better understand the central dogma of molecular biology. In the DNA are genes, and all of these genes is called "genome." In recent years several projects have been initiated to study the genomes of multiple species (including human). In this regard, one of the animal species used in animal production in which they have made progress in genomics is the bovine, the project called "bovine genome" have resulted in significant advances in the understanding of its genome, through this project has identified some of the genes responsible for production traits like quality of meat and milk; plus this, also has to know its location within the DNA ( loci ) and thus have a kind of mark (marker) also called genetic or molecular marker. The importance of the markers ( loci ) is that they can be tracked both parents and in their progeny, which can determine polymorphic differences that influence the phenotypic changes among individuals within and between generations, these changes are very important for technical animal breeding because it allows you to identify those individuals who are more productive in animal populations. When a marker was found to be associated with the presence of a productive feature becomes a powerful tool for animal selection when used maximizes the genetic progress for the characteristics of productive and economic interest. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to disseminate the practical importance of using molecular markers to identify superior animals known as MAS and to know what the work being carried out there on Tamaulipas.


The system can collect the data of environmental factors in greenhouse,such as temperature,light,humidity,soil moisture, and can adjust the factors automatically according the data,so it will create a suitable growth environment for crops.In this paper, Introduced the control principle,system architecture and distributed controlling of the greenhouse environment control system.


This study was conducted to suggest the efficient gathering and recycling method of disused agricultural machinery in rural environment. In order to suggest this methods, the keeping means, maintenance, disused period and kinds of agricultural machinery were investigated. The results obtained in this study were as follows : The disused agricultural machinery have been leaved on the vacant lot of a farmhouse and an around field for . The leaving reason of the disused agricultural machinery was low interesting and gathering price for the disused agricultural machinery. The present situation for recycling method was using as a scrap iron, however to increase recycling percent the disassembling process has to divide as using and parts concretely. And the design of agricultural machinery was considered the easiness of a disassemble and assemble the agricultural machinery. To manage and supply efficiently for the second-hand parts of agricultural machinery need to the establishment of circulation information center and internet site for the parts.


Cytochrome P450 gene superfamily is widely involved in diverse processes of plant development and environmental responses including defense response to pathogens. We previously isolated a rice cDNA fragment in a DD-PCR screening for blast fungus-induced genes. In the current study, we isolated aCYP72A gene cluster consisting of 7 P450CYP72A genes (CYP72A17∼23) with the conserved cDNA sequence through the public rice genome data. There are total 14 putative CYP72A members in the rice genome, with high diversity at N-terminal sequences while high homology at C-terminal sequences of those 14 putative proteins. We analyzed expression profiles of the cloned 7CYP72A genes during pathogen infection and development. The results showed that expression ofCYP72A18, 19, 22 and23 was differentially regulated in the incompatible and compatible interactions between rice and blast fungus. ExceptCYP72A20, a pseudogene, other 6CYP72A genes also exhibited temporal and spatial expression patterns, respectively. These findings provide fundamental data for rice P450 gene function analysis.


Conversion of light alkanes catalytically to aromatic compounds is an important research area of interest. This is because aromatic compound are the major feedstocks for petrochemical industries.  Zn/ZSM-5 has been found to improve aromatic selectivity of HZSM-5 but unstable. Hence the need for stabilizing Zn with another metal. The interaction of Zn with Co and Ni on ZSM-5 shows a higher selectivity towards aromatics over 85%. This improved Zinc stability on ZSM-5 as compared to only Zinc with dwindling selectivity to 50% and HZSM-5 of 10% at ten hours TOS. Catalyst physicochemical properties were analysed with XRD, BET, N2-adsorption, FTIR, FTIR-Pyridine, SEM, and TEM. The XRD and FTIR characterization showed that the modified catalysts were still crystalline after metal impregnation. The products distribution also showed reduced light gases formation and formation of more aromatics. The synergistic interaction between Ni and Co with Zn metal improved the catalytic performance of Zn-Co/ZSM-5 and Zn-Ni/ZSM-5 catalysts by promoting and sustaining the dehydrogenation step and suppressing protolytic cracking step in the reaction series resulting in the recorded significant improvement in aromatic yield over the monometallic Zn/ZSM-5 catalyst.


Abstract Extraneous matter in cheese was isolated easily by disolving the cheese samples in concentrated solutions of urea and filtering through a standard filter pad.


We, the reassembled remnants of that scattering which followed the destruction of nearly everything, have somehow been gathered together. Now that cloudy gloom at last has been turned to fair weather through divine mercy, we have decided to reclaim from the heap of antiquity all the regathered scraps of our charters, privileges and chirographs into one volume (having translated those which were written in English into the Latin language) as a safeguard and account for future readers. as 'words', 'home'. Other derive their names from names of place, [or] In their the of to and


Generally speaking,cultural structure is three dimensional,which includes the matter form,behavior form,and the spirit form.Cultural structure is both relative and unitary.Socialist harmonious culture centers on harmonious idea and is the process of cultivating such an idea.From the perspective of cultural structure,if we want to reinforce the construction of socialist harmonious culture, we must develop the cultural industry,promote the advancement of the material culture and develop cuture actively.We must also push forward the construction of the behavior culture,stick to the socialist core value system,and strengthen the spiritual construction of socialist harmonious culture.


This study examined the immunomodulatory activities of apple seed extracts (ASE). The immunomodulatory effects were estimated through nitric oxide production, cytokine induction, protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the phosphylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and inhibitory kappa Bα (IκB-α) in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. In the cytotoxicity asay, ASE (31 to 250 μg/mL) did not induce cytotoxicity; thus, the optimal concentration of ASE was confirmed to be less than 250 μg/mL. Nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6) production significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, the protein expression of iNOS and the phosphorylation of MAPKs and IκB-α were also increased by ASE treatment. Overall, our results suggest that extracts from apple seeds potentially have immunomodulatory activities on macrophages.


The article presents a method of calculating the stability assessment of welding quality indicators based on the use of deterministic dependencies and quite easily defined distribution laws of controlled parameters of the welding mode. Dependences for calculation of probability of reception of the set width of a welded seam depending on the law of distribution of linear energy are received. The use of this method will reduce the cost of experimental selection of welding modes, the production of full-scale samples for statistical quality control, to clarify the requirements for the welding equipment used.


Histological studies were carried out with 49 specimens; 18 Biomphalaria tenagophila guaibensis, 19 B. t. tenagophila and 12 B. occidentalis, collected in 10 municipalities in the states of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The study considered histological aspects of the vagina, vaginal pouch and penial complex. In this study, we describe, for the first time, the histological features of the vagina, vaginal pouch and penial complex of B. t. tenagophila, B. t. guaibensis and B. occidentalis. The lining epithelial tissue and muscular tissue of the vagina, vaginal pouch and penial complex show a similar pattern in B. t. tenagophila, B. t. guaibensis and B. occidentalis, except for the intermediate muscular layer of the prepuce, which distinguishes B. t. guaibensis from the other two taxa. Histological studies on the penial complex and vagina region of other Biomphalaria species are necessary to confirm the taxonomic value of these two regions, in order to contribute to the group's systematics.


Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major factor for cervical cancer. However, routine HPV vaccination to combat the disease is not widely available in most developing countries, and the uptake is poor. Lack of knowledge or awareness may be a factor. This study assessed the perception, knowledge and attitude of university students toward HPV vaccination and cervical cancer prevention. Methods and Materials: A cross#sectional survey among 826 students using a validated question# naire was conducted at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The convenience sampling technique was used to recruits study subjects. The knowledge score was categorised into poor (score ≤5), moderate (score 6#10) and good (score 11#15). Results: Sixty#eight percent were aware that persistent HPV infection can lead cervical cancer and 76% had heard about HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer. Female students were aware of the role of HPV vaccine against cervical cancer compared to their coun# terparts (41% vs. 28%, p<0.001). The pool mean total knowledge score was 8.03 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]; 7.83#8.24). Although only 12% of the students perceived themselves as at risk of HPV infection, only 55% had an intention to receive HPV vaccination. Of those who declined HPV vaccina# tion, 36% worried about the side effects, and 28% doubted on its effectiveness. Female students had significantly higher acceptability towards HPV vaccine compared to male (39% vs. 16%, p=0.001). Intention to receive HPV vaccine was significantly correlated with the scores for awareness and knowledge of HPV vaccination, student's perception on their susceptibility and seriousness of HPV infec# tion. Conclusion: The perception and knowledge of HPV infection and vaccination for cervical cancer prevention was unimpressive. This greatly will contribute to diminish acceptability for the vaccination.


This article deals with the efficiency of using styrene (St) as a comonomer to promote the melt free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto an ethylene and propylene rubber (EPR) in a batch mixer and a corotating self-wiping twin screw extruder. The addition of St to an EPR/GMA/peroxide system increases not only GMA's grafting yield but also its grafting rate. The time required for the EPR/GMA/peroxide system without St to reach a given amount of grafted GMA is at least 10 times that needed for the same system in the presence of an equimolar amount of St. For example, about 60 min are required for the EPR/GMA/dicumyl peroxide (composition: 100/3.0/0.3 by weight) to reach 1.5 phr (parts per hundred resin) GMA (i.e., 1.5 g grafted GMA per 100 g EPR). The same amount of grafted GMA is reached in < 3 min when 3.0 phr St is charged to the system. This significant reduction of reaction time is crucial for a successful free radical grafting of GMA on EPR in a corotating twin screw extruder, because the residence time in such a machine is typically on the order of 0.5–5 min. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 125–133, 1999


The optimists among us would like to believe that in the twenty-first century humanity has come of age and recognizes the universality of misery and the need to rapidly and effectively alleviate it. Anguish is genderless, has no faith, is devoid of culture and lacks racial characteristics. Such a perspective, this reaffirming idealism, has been crucial to the development of modern human rights law and the underpinning of numerous non-governmental organizations. It reverberates each time someone utters the phrase "never again." The ultimate expression of that spirit is rendering a helping hand and, when necessary, granting asylum to those fleeing war and environmental catastrophes Sadly, popular and government responses to contemporary disasters and their victims illustrate the prevalence of a rather different mindset. Involuntary migrants are commonly branded economic and security threats to the national order. A non-issue, their suffering is brushed aside. But immigrants, voluntary and otherwise, are in good company, in a manner of speaking. Not only is xenophobia flagrantly displayed in modern western political discourse, so are demagogic attacks on fellow citizens judged deviant from a fetishized, ideal national. In recent years natural and manufactured calamities have unleashed the largest wave of refugees since the 1940s and in case after case we see those left homeless, as well as domestic minorities in distress, divvied into discrete categories that bespeak a modern-day layering and racialization of suffering.


The mainly desulfurization technology for petroleunm is hydrodesulfurization and non-hydrodesulfurization.This article discusses the variety,characteristic and desulfurization effect of hydrodesulfurization and non-hydrodesulfurization,This article aims at providing information for further researches in this field,and will help the development of esulfurization technology for petroleunm.


This paper examines the challenges facing health systems, and hypothesizes community participation as a panacea toward tackling them. Health systems are constrained by many internal and external problems such as human resources, financing, drugs, supply system, information use and generation, overall policy environment, political instability and the quality of governance, prompting health agencies to adopt various approaches toward tackling them. This includes adopting service-specific or disease-specific programs. Despite these approaches, a lot of health systems have remained too fragile to cope with the rising challenges of global health. Some measures that can be harnessed to deal with the internal problems have been proposed, but regrettably, the external factors cannot be easily controlled, but with a well laid down autonomous structure for the health systems, their effects can be significantly reduced. Altogether, community participation in driving the machinery of these health systems offers promising prospects toward strengthening them


The relevance of the article is due, on the one hand, to the popularity of the concept of "soft power", and, on the other, to the large-scale transformation of a traditional society into a so-called "consumer society". The purpose of the study is to analyze the mechanism of non-violent management (so-called" soft power") of society based on the exploitation of the practices of"consumer society". The Genesis and functioning of the consumer society is one of the main modern global problems that attracts the attention of researchers from various fields of scientific knowledge. Modern consumer society is based on the following pillars: economic (mass consumption), social (urbanization) and ideological (the introduction of the "seem, not be" attitude into the mass consciousness). There is every reason to assert that the problem of the relationship of consumer society with its attributive features and the mechanisms of "soft power" in domestic and foreign science is not given due attention. This article aims to provide a brief analysis of these two phenomena in the above-mentioned context. According to A. Gramsci, holding power involves not only coercion, but also persuasion. Any state, regardless of which class is currently dominant, is based on two fundamental pillars – force and consent ("soft violence"). In terms of content, the desire to consume is the main motive of modern life. Therefore, the management of these motives is the core element of power strategies in modern society. This article is the first attempt to characterize the prospects for the evolution of the Russian segment of "consumer society" through the prism of the degradation of work ethics in Russia.


We propose a novel method to image spin properties of spintronic systems using the spatially confined field of a scanned micromagnetic probe in conjunction with existing electrical or optical global spin detection schemes. It is thus applicable to all material systems susceptible to either of those approaches. The proposed technique relies on numerical solutions of the spin diffusion equation in the presence of spatially varying fields to obtain the local spin response to a micromagnetic probe field.


A series of Pd-catalyzed reactions starting from chloro-substituted substrates (I) or (IV) are applied to synthesize the corresponding 5- and 8-substituted derivatives.


Whilst iron is an essential trace element required by nearly all living organisms, deficiencies or excesses can lead to pathological conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia or haemochromatosis, respectively. Diagnosis of iron depletion is based on serum ferritin level less than 20 µg/L and iron deficiency by a serum ferritin 1000 µg/L will have done so by the age of 55 years. Definitive diagnosis of iron overload requires measurement of body iron content (usually based on measurement of hepatic iron concentration) using imaging (MRI), liver biopsy or quantitative phlebotomy. Serum ferritin levels do not correlate well with hepatic iron concentration outside of the presence of hereditary haemochromatosis or haematological disorders with secondary iron overload. Treatment of iron overload is based on iron removal, usually by phlebotomy therapy or in those who cannot tolerate phlebotomy, chelation.


London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (Prof J Cleland MA); Perinatology Research Branch, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA (A Conde-Agudelo MD); Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health (Prof H Peterson MD), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine (Prof H Peterson), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Rosenau, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Futures Group, Washington, DC, USA (J Ross PhD); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA (Prof A Tsui PhD)


In plants challenged by episodic stresses, the expression of genes required for stress tolerance can impinge on growth and development. In favourable conditions, plants are better off repressing these genes. This regulatory role has now been assigned to MED8, a component of the Mediator complex that acts as a molecular bridge between transcription regulators and RNA polymerase. MED8 is required to inhibit oxygen peroxide (H2O2)-related gene expression.


A method is presented for flexibly modelling longitudinal data that provides insight to a central question in psychology theory: the dependency between personality clas- sification and individual performance behavior. Flexibility is achieved by assuming the regression coefficients of random effects models are generated from a time-varying mixture of an unknown but finite number of processes, where the weights attached to the number of processes are parameterised to depend upon an individual's personality classification. For a given number of mixture components the component processes are constrained distributions and the weights attached to them depend upon time. The method is made robust to outliers and we demonstrate this is an important addition when making inference at the individual level. The frequentist properties of the ap- proach are examined via simulation. The results support the hypothesis in psychology that individuals who believe abilities are inherited traits are much more likely to exhibit sustained periods of failing performance than other individuals.


1.1.Background: Myopia or near-sightedness is the most frequent cause of vision deterioration with growing burden worldwide. Although myopia is hereditary, nearsightedness is tremendously increasing due to endlessly focusing on close objects. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the burden of nearsightedness and its related risk factors among medical students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

 1.2.Methodology: This study involved 504 medical students (346 were males and 158 were females) selected from two medical colleges from (Hail University and Prince Sattam University). Data were collected using a purposeful questionnaire.

 1.3.Results: Of the 504 participants, 454 (90%) have responded of whom 243 (53.5%) were found with nearsightedness phenomenon. Of the 243 students with myopia, 159/243(65.4%) males and 84/243(34.6%) were females. Out of the 248 respondents to question of vision's aid usage, 185/248(74.6%) were using glasses, 25/248 (10%) were using contact lenses, and the remaining 38/248(15.4%) were none aids users.

 1.4.Conclusion: Myopia is prevalent among medical students which might be due to the visual stress that associated with doing detailed work, such as reading, using a computer or a mobile phone.


ABSTRACT Apple juices produced from nine different industrial production technologies were obtained in pilot scale, for simplifying and integrating the production technologies according to the quality comparison of juices. Juice quality characterized by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total soluble solid (TSS), stability, turbidity, titratable acidity and pH was investigated. The TPCs of traditional pulping combined with belt-style pressing (TP+BSP)-based juices were higher than that of cold pulping combined with horizontal spiral centrifuge separation (CP+HSCS)-based juices, while the CP+HSCS juices showed higher turbidity than the TP+BSP juices. Principal component analysis, liner discriminant analysis and cluster analysis were applied for analyzing juice quality. Nine production technologies were well separated into three categories and that pulping, juicing and sterilizing methods were the main factors affecting the overall juice quality. Our study provided a method to simplify and integrate the current industrial production technologies of juices. Abbreviations: TPC: total phenolic content; TFC: total flavonoid content; TSS: total soluble solid; TA: titratable acidity; TP+BSP: traditional pulping combined with belt-style pressing; CP+HSCS: cold pulping combined with horizontal spiral centrifuge separation; NFC: not from concentrate; PCA: principal component analysis; LDA: liner discriminant analysis; HCA: hierarchical cluster analysis.


Even when connecting a number of semiconductor elements in the connection point, to provide a multilayer printed wiring board is good connection is ensured. The multilayer printed wiring board (20) includes a first resin layer (26-1), a first via hole formed in the first resin layer (33-1), the upper surface of the first resin layer and placed second resin layer (26-2), the surface opposite to the first and second via holes (33-2), a second resin layer of the first resin layer formed on the second resin layer the placed core layer (22), and a via hole (42) formed in the core layer. The opening direction of the via hole (33-1, 33-2) formed in the resin layer (26-1, 26-2), said core layer (22) which is formed in the via hole (42) and the opening direction It is reversed.


This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Livestock Production Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Jambi University in 2008.  The research aimed to find out the muscle type and the effect  of storage of beef quality.  Research was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications comprising a factorial combination of two muscle type (Longissimus Dorsi/LD, Bicepps Femoris/BF), and four level of storage duration (P3/3 days, P6/6 day,P9/9 days and P12/12 days). Data of lost weight,the number of droplets (drip,) meat pH and mature lost was taken. The results showed that there was no interaction between the type of muscle with a long storage. Muscle type did not significantly affected (P> 0.05) lost weight, drip, and pH.  Storage duration had significant effect (P <0.01) to lost weight and drip, but had no effect (P> 0.05) to mature weight on meat pH.  Based on Duncan's test, the lost weight of the P12> Q9> P3> P6.  For the amount of drip in treatment P12> Q9 = P3> P6. The conclusion of this study that the type of muscle did not affect the quality of meat, but longer storage affected thequality of the meat on the weight decrease in the number of droplets (drip).  Storage meat for 6 days (P6)had a good meat quality.


The 2 calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives as acid proliferation generator were synthesized by reactions of 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride and calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives obtained by dehydrating to form cyclic tetramers between m-dihydroxybenzene and undecanal or lauraldehyde with hydrochloric acid as catalyst and ethanol as refluxing solvent.Their structures were confirmed by 1HNMR and IR.Some physical performances have been measured.It is found that these compounds had high thermo-decomposition temperature and good solubility in common organic solvents.


Objective: To construct a retroviral vector carrying both enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) and human basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) gene for observing the enhanced effect of transfected bone mesenchymal stem cells(bMSCs) and gene expression.Methods: bMSCs were constructed from bones of rabbits.The pIRES2-EGFP-bFGF-pcDNA3 expression plasmid was transfected into bMSCs with liposome lipofectamine.The expression of EGFP was observed by inverted fluorescence microscope and was calculated by transfection efficiency.The proliferativity of the transfected cells was detemined with MTT assay.Results: The recombinant retroviral vector bFGF-pcDNA3 and pIRES2-EGFP was successfully constructed.The bMSCs infected by both vectors stably gave out green fluorescence under microscope.The transfection efficiency was(43.32±4.51)%.Transfected cells grew more quiclkly than that of non-transfected cells(P0.05).Conclusion: Rabbit bMSCs can be successfully transfected by using pIRES2-EGFP-bFGF-pcDNA3 plasmid.This vector can be easily traced.


Small and medium-sized enterprises not only can optimize industrial structure and alleviate the pressure of employment, but also can better promote national economic development. However, with the complicated and diversified economic environment, there exist multiple risks in the internal control in small and medium-sized enterprises. Internal control plays a vital role in improving the management level of small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper analyzes the problems in the internal control in small and medium-sized enterprises and comes up with corresponding improvement measures from the aspects of internal environment, risk assessment, information systems and communication, control activity and supervision. Keywords—small and medium-sized enterprises, internal control, problems, measures


This study aimed to measure the effect of a training program based on multiple intelligences in developing environmental awareness and achievement motivation among primary school students in Jordan. The study reached the most important result that the children have gained positive attitudes towards the environment by sensing environmental problems better, which increased their motivation to contribute to solving these problems and developing environmental conditions in a better way; trends can only be generated through the information that individuals obtain from various sources. Therefore, the program was best directed toward developing environmental awareness in Children. Thus, the program has created positive trends in children toward increasing positive interaction with their environment. Where the researcher recommended working to include school curricula, starting with the primary stage and ending with the secondary stage, with concepts of environmental awareness to improve positive trends towards the environment and conduct seminars, workshops, and lectures to deepen the concepts of environmental awareness in society to improve its positive trends in researching environmental problems and limiting or eliminating them.

Received: 22 January 2023 / Accepted: 12 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023


Understanding the physics of inflaton condensate fragmentation in the early Universe is crucial as the existence of fragments in the form of non-topological solitons (oscillons or Q-balls) may potentially modify the evolution of the post-inflation Universe. Furthermore, such fragments may evolve into primordial black holes and form dark matter, or emit gravitational waves. Due to the non-perturbative and non-linear nature of the dynamics, most of the studies rely on numerical lattice simulations. Numerical simulations of condensate fragmentation are, however, challenging and, without knowing where to look in the parameter space, they are likely to be time-consuming as well. In this paper, we provide generic analytical conditions for the perturbations of an inflaton condensate to undergo growth to non-linearity in the cases of both symmetric and asymmetric inflaton potentials. We apply the conditions to various inflation models and demonstrate that our results are in good agreement with explicit numerical simulations. Our analytical conditions are easy to use and may be utilised in order to quickly identify models that may undergo fragmentation and determine the conditions under which they do so, which can guide subsequent in-depth numerical analyses.


A model of granum structure, consisting of multiple helical frets wound around each cylindrical granum, is proposed as a representation of granim structure for flowering plants in general. This model was originally formulated for grana in the mesophyll plastids of Zea mays and was subsequently extended to grana of Phaseolus vulgaris by additional studies. The model is now shown to be applicable also to grana in the plastids of Cannabis sativa, Elodea canadensis, Nicotiana rustica, Pisum sativum, and Spinacia oleracea. This sample of seven angiosperms includes genera commonly studied by other workers irn their ultrastructural investigations of plastid structure. IT HAS LONG been recognized that the chloroplasts of flowering plants contain dense regions, the grana, embedded in an amorphous matrix, the stroma. Electron micrographs of chloroplasts have revealed that the grana seen in the light microscope are stacks of closely packed circular compartments. The grana are interconnected by a system of more loosely arranged membranes, the frets (Weier, 1961). The 3-dimensional relationship of a granum to the adjacent fretwork has been a matter of considerable debate. Some workers have visualized the membrane systems of chloroplasts simply as interleafed large and small discs, with the smaller discs stacked to give the localized, dense grana and the large discs extending among the grana to bind them together (Wehrmeyer, 1961; Wettstein, 1961). Weier and Thomson (1962) first demonstrated a helical arrangement of connections between the compartments of a granum and its adjacent frets. Heslop-Harrison (1963) suggested that this helical pattern of fret connections is the manifestation of a tilted arrangement of the frets with respect to the grana. He proposed a model in which planar fret membranes intercepted a cylindrical granlum, with the locus of connections between a fret and the compartments of the granum describing an ellipse. The two halves of the ellipse on either side of its major axis each appear as a segment of a helix. Wehrmeyer (1964) determined that a fret (stroma membrane) has a spiral-cyclical arrangement around a granum. He theorized that a fret increases the height of a granum stack by overtopping the end of the granum to form 1 Received for publication 22 August 1968. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant GB-6520. 2 Formerly Judith Ann Reighard. additional compartments. The spiral-cyclical (i.e., helical) form of the fret was supposed to relate to its role in the enlargement of the granum. Heslop-Harrison (1966) subsequently adopted more or less this same point of view. Paolillo and Falk (1966) discovered multiple hlelical frets on the grana of corn and argued that if the frets have a morphogenetic function it remains impossible to designate which fret of the many around a granum should be held responsible for the growth of the granum. Paolillo and Reighard (1967) showed that the multiple frets around a granum in a chloroplast of the bean plant are equivalent to each other in the quantity and quality of connections to granum compartments. They concluded that in its simplest form, the theory of spiral cyclical growth as proposed by Wehrmeyer (1964) does not account for the structure of grana that have multiple helical frets wound around them. If the discovery of the multiple helical frets is to lead to some improvement in our theories of granum structure and development, it should be demonstrated that their occurrence is a general phenomenon in the grana of chloroplasts of flowering plants. The present communication is devoted to the demonstration of a common plan of construction in the grana of various


For a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the pressure uniformity of fluid in the stack is a significant factor influencing the cell performance. This study employs the multi‐objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to optimize the pressure uniformity in a PEMFC stack by adjusting the geometric design of inlet and outlet flow channels. The flow channel geometry is divided into three parts or named factors: tube length, tapered tube length, and channel height. The target is to find the minimum pressure difference between the inlet and outlet flow channels and optimize the pressure uniformity in the stack. The Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method is used to organize the simulations for the design of experiments (DoEs), and the genetic aggregation (GA) method is employed to generate the response surfaces of the three factors. The resultant response surfaces are utilized to analyze the effects of the three factors on two objective functions, namely, pressure uniformity and pressure drop. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) method is also used to evaluate the influences of the factors, and the results are consistent with those obtained by the response surface method. The results show that the channel height produces the greatest impact on pressure uniformity. An increase in channel height can improve the pressure uniformity and reduce the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet channels. The MOGA analysis determines the optimal geometric design where the maximized pressure uniformity is 0.97 and the minimized pressure drop is 31 kPa. The number of cells in the stack is also taken into consideration. It is found that the influence of the inlet/outlet channel geometry on pressure uniformity is more pronounced when the cell number increases. The results benefit the design of inlet/outlet flow channels and the improvement of pressure uniformity in a PEMFC stack.


Most modern hand pose estimation methods rely on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which typically require a large training dataset to perform well. Exploiting unlabeled data provides a way to reduce the required amount of annotated data. We propose to take advantage of a geometry-aware representation of the human hand, which we learn from multiview images without annotations. The objective for learning this representation is simply based on learning to predict a different view. Our results show that using this objective yields clearly superior pose estimation results compared to directly mapping an input image to the 3Djoint locations of the hand if the amount of 3D annotations is limited. We further show the effect of the objective for either case, using the objective for pre-learning as well as to simultaneously learn to predict novel views and to estimate the 3D pose of the hand.


Abstract Background : The atopic dermatitis patient and their families are looking for safer herb-medicine treatments that possess therapeutic effects, but without the recurrence of symptoms and long-term harmful consequences that can result from other treatment. However, for many reasons, including methodological difficulties and lack of high quality study like randomized clinical study and system atic review, there are no consistent clinical guide line for atopic dermatitis in Traditional Korean Medicine. Objectives : Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines support clinical decision-making by making recommendations to guide clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to develop Traditional Korean Medicine clinical practice guideline for atopic dermatitis Result : The future guide should be based on scientific evidence and include the followings: ① diagnosis of atopic dermatitis ② the pattern identification of atopic dermat itis ③ classification of Sasang Constitution ④ efficacy assessment ⑤ treatment guideline ⑥ education for patie nts and care givers Conclusion : The development of Traditional Korean Medicine clinical practice guideline for atopic dermatitis is needed.Key words : Atopic Dermatitis; Clinical Practice Guideline; Traditional Kor ean Medicine


In this work, the results from our Comb Push Ultrasound Shear Elastography (CUSE) assessment of suspicious breast lesions are presented. The elasticity value of the breast lesions are correlated to histopathological findings to evaluate their diagnostic value in differentiating between malignant and benign breast lesions. A total of 44 patients diagnosed with suspicious breast lesions were evaluated using CUSE prior to biopsy. All patient study procedures were conducted according to the protocol approved by Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board (IRB). Our cohort consisted of 27 malignant and 17 benign breast lesions. The results indicate an increase in shear wave velocity in both benign and malignant lesions compared to normal breast tissue. Furthermore, the Young's modulus is significantly higher in malignant lesions. An optimal cut-off value of the Young's modulus ≥ 80 kPa was observed for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. This is concordant with the published cut-off values of elasticity for suspicious breast lesions. [This work is supported in part by the grant 3R01CA148994-04S1 and 5R01CA148994-04 from NIH.]


We study the previously proposed quasilocal angular momentum of gravitational fields in the absence of isometries. The quasilocal angular momentum L(ξ) has the following attractive properties; (i) it follows from Einstein's constraint equations, (ii) it satisfies the Poisson algebra {L(ξ),L(η)}P.B.=(1/16π)L([ξ,η]L), (iii) its Poisson algebra reduces to the standard SO(3) algebra of angular momentum at null infinity, and (iv) it reproduces the standard value for the Kerr spacetime at null infinity. It will be argued that our definition is a quasilocal and canonical generalization of Rizzi's geometric definition at null infinity. We also propose a new definition of an invariant quasilocal angular momentum L2 such that {L2,L(ξ)}P.B.=0, which becomes (ma)2 at the null infinity of the Kerr spacetime. Therefore, it may be regarded as a quasilocal generalization of the Casimir invariant of ordinary angular momentum in the flat spacetime.


This article focuses on national policies for adult edu - cation in the 60 's and early 70 's in Argentina and Brazil, when associated, on one hand the pr...


This paper is concerned with the design and implementation of a ZigBee based wireless sensor and actuator networks, which has been applied in our service robot intelligent space successfully. Firstly, an overview of ZigBee protocol is given, and then the design and implementation of hardware module and software stack of ZigBee based wireless sensor and actuator networks are addressed in detail. Some representative devices are described, including environmental sensors for environmental perception, home devices controllers for device control, IMU module for abnormal behaviors detection, locating system for node localization and laser robot control for service robot navigation. Application example is described to demonstrate how the devices in ZigBee based wireless sensor and actuator networks to provide service cooperatively. Finally, we conclude this paper and discuss the future directions.


By questionnaire survey,statistical methods and research methods,basic conditions,business skills,research and management ability of basketball coaches in universities are investigated. The results show that most of the basketball coaches have bachelor or master degree with good condition and reasonable age structure. However,they are lack of coaching experience,special business training and high level research capacity.


AIM: To investigate the expression of GATA3 in human breast carcinoma and its clinical significance.METHODS: The expression level of GATA3 in breast cancer tissues from 124 patients was detected by the method of immunohistochemistry and the relationships between GATA3 expression and other clinicopathological factors were analyzed.RESULTS: Low expression of GATA3 in breast cancer tissues was associated with estrogen receptor(ER) / progesterone receptor(PR) negative,high histological tumor grade,p53 mutation and vascular invasion(P 0.05),but not with age,tumor size,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2) expression and lymph node metastasis(P 0.05).In all breast cancer tissues,the positive expression rate of GATA3 was 56.4%.The positive expression rate of GATA3 in luminal breast cancer is 68.4%,higher than that in non-luminal breast cancer(32.6%,P 0.05).In all breast cancer tissues,the expression of GATA3 in middle recurrence risk group was higher than that in high recurrence risk group(P 0.05).CONCLUSION: GATA3 expression in breast cancer is related to differentiation and biological characteristics of the tumor,which can be a factor for evaluation of the treatment and prognosis.


The problem of oblique wave scattering by cylindrical undulations on the bed of an ice-covered ocean is investigated by using a simplified perturbation analysis. The first-order potential function satisfies a boundary value problem (BVP) which is solved by employing the Green integral theorem after constructing an appropriate Green function. Analytical expressions for the first-order reflection and transmission coefficients are then obtained from the solution of this BVP, in terms of the integrals involving the shape function describing undulations. Three particular forms of the shape function are considered for which the reflection and transmission coefficients up to the first-order are obtained exactly.


A new theory for chemical-mechanical polishing with soft pads is developed. In contrast to the conventional Preston's equation, the pressure dependence of the removal rate for CMP with soft pads is found to be nonlinear, i.e. RR/spl prop/P/sup 2/3/. The combined effect of both pressure and the elastic modulus of the wafer (H/sub w/) and the pad (H/sub a/) on the CMP removal rate can be characterized by a dimensionless parameter, E/sub a//sup 1/3/P/sup 2/3//E/sub w/. The new results are shown to be consistent with available experimental evidence on dielectric films. This theory thus may provide an important basis for understanding CMP mechanisms, as well as for optimization of experimental parameters for actual process design.


Lawrence A. Peskin argues that, in accounting for American industrialization, students of the phenomenon have focused mistakenly on large forces and theoretical constructs and on New England and the rise of factories as such. What, he asks, of the ordinary people who considered making things and building shops or small factories to meet the demand they saw? What of the groups and associations that tried to build public support for economic independence from the mother country? "Manufacturing Revolution" explores discussions originating in the Revolutionary era and the course of manufacturing itself-the many years of trial and error, risk and failure, in many places across the early republic. Peskin thus provides a detailed look at labor relations, entrepreneurship, and methods of promoting and financing manufactures. He finds that various social layers had mutual interests and influences; no particular core of business leaders, rising entrepreneurial artisans, or wage laborers alone account for the emergence of manufacturing. The work builds on solid research in both manuscript sources and printed texts from the period between 1750 and 1820. Audience: Historians of the early republic; economic historians; students of technology, business, and industry


The inclusive nonleptonic transition rate of B meson in gluonic penguin channel is calculated in QCD using the heavy quark mass expansion. We found the branching ratio to be approximately 0.25%.


Objective To evaluate the blood lipid level of high risk hospital patients with angiocardiopathy and cerebrovascular diseases.Whether the clinician administrated this kind of patients statins or other drugs according to the standards in NCEP-ATP Ⅲ report so as to provide a normal and rational administration stand for clinic.Methods According to the standards in NCEP-ATP Ⅲ report,the condition of antihyperlipidemic agents use of high risk hospital patients with angiocardiopathy and cerebrovascular disease was evaluated through retrospective study.The data at different time(2008,2010)were compared.Results The value of cholesterol total,high density lipoprotein(HDL)value,the low density lipoprotein(LDL)value and cholesterol total/HDL of the high risk hospital patients with angiocardiopathy and cerebrovascular disease were not significantly different from the hospital patients with non-angiocardiopathy and cerebrovascular disease.There were differences in change of antihyperlipedemics between the 2 years.Conclusion The ratio of medication in the high risk hospital patients with angiocardiopathy and cerebrovascular disease in 2010 was higher than that in 2008.The clinicians′ cognition of using drugs for hospital patients with blood-fat abnormality was obviously improved but still not totally base on the standards in NCEP-ATP Ⅲ report to provide normal and rational administration for patients.


Objectives This study sought to provide an effective teaching direction through practical examples of applying the discussion and discussion method to Western music history subjects and conducting classes with learner-cen-tered teaching methods. At the same time, the purpose is to conduct a learning effect and satisfaction survey for discussion-centered classes for students, analyze the results, prove the effectiveness of the discussion and dis-cussion teaching method, and present a learner-centered teaching model for music colleges in the future.
Methods While conducting a class on the history of Western music in the 2022-2 semester at the Department of Music at S University in Seoul, we attempted various class activities such as flipped learning, discussions/debates, quiz games, and reflection journal writing using a three-stage model of before class, during class, and after class. After completing the 15th week of classes, a learner satisfaction survey was conducted on 24 students who took the class to determine the effectiveness of the class method and learners' perception and satisfaction, and the results were analyzed.
Results First, the learner-centered teaching method using discussion and discussion has developed various competencies in the learners. Second, through various learning activities and the use of learning materials, the in-terest and interest of learners were improved. Third, through various activities such as flip learning, PPT lectures, discussion and discussion activities, and writing a reflection diary, the learner's understanding was improved. Fourth, through the formation of mutual closeness with the learners, it was possible to expect the active appear-ance of the learners. Fifth, the learners' satisfaction with the overall class was high.
Conclusions By applying the discussion and discussion method to the Western Music History course, which is a major subject of the College of Music, the learning effect and class satisfaction were increased, and the active participation of learners was drawn. Through this, the effect of the discussion and discussion teaching method was revealed and the way forward for learner-centered teaching was suggested.


Even though the self-inductance calculation of the disk coil (pancake) has been given by many authors (Spielrein, Grover, Dwight, Kalantarov, Kajikawa, Babic, Akyel, Yu, Conway, Luo) it is also the challenge in this time to obtain the simpler form of presented formulas. The expressions for calculating the self-inductance of the pancake are given over the convergent series, complete elliptic integrals or generalized hypergeometric functions. Definitely the closed form doesn't exist except in the special cases. The propose of this paper is to give relatively simple and fast method comfortable for the potential users such as physicist and engineers. With the Mathematica code all proposed different formulas give the same results for all range of the parameters describing the disk coil (pancake). All expressions are obtained over the complete elliptic integral of the first kind and two terms given by the simple integrals which converge on the whole interval of integration. These integrals only drop to infinity (logarithmic singularities) when the radiuses of the pancake are the same and it is the case of the self-inductance of the circular loop of the negligible cross section. Numerical integration proposed by Matlab and Mathematica programming can have the significant influence in the treatment of the logarithmic singularities. We gave also the approximate formulas in the case of the circular loop which cross section can be considered not negligible.


Abstract : The Maintenance Resource Prediction Model (MRPM) is a computer system designed to assist in planning and programming maintenance resources, based on the anticipated resource requirements of actual installation facilities, for prediction periods of 1 to 10 yr. This report corrects areas of deficiency in the existing MRPM Database where existing information did not reflect current heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system technology. These areas include chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) change out, gas engine driven cooling, direct-fired absorption cooling, desiccant cooling, evaporative cooling, and heat pumps. The report describes the technologies involved and the items that affect the maintenance requirements, and lists the specific sources of information used to create the spreadsheets that are included as an appendix. The original HVAC portion of the MRPM task database was introduced in USACERL Special Report P-91/21 of May 1991.


Floods are one of the most devastating natural hazards, causing deaths, economic losses, and destruction of property. Flood susceptibility maps are an essential tool for flood mitigation and preparedness planning. This study mapped flood susceptibility using statistical index (SI) and weighting factor (WF) models in San Pa Tong District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The conditioning factors used to perform flood susceptibility mapping were elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, topographic wetness index, stream power index, rainfall, distance from rivers, stream density, soil drainage, land use, and road density. The flood data were randomly classified as training data for mapping (70% of data) and testing data for model validation (30% of data). The results revealed that the SI and WF models classified 49.49% and 51.74% of the study area, respectively, as very highly susceptible to flooding. In the WF model, the factors with the greatest influence were land use, soil drainage, and elevation. The validation of the models using the area under the curve revealed that the success rates of the SI and WF models were 91.80% and 93.06%, while the prediction rates were 92.05% and 93.52%, respectively. The results from this study can be useful for local authorities in San Pa Tong District for flood preparedness and mitigation.


Like many of the provisions found within the Bill of Rights, the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against "cruel and unusual punishments" has become a household phrase. While inherently very memorable and quotable, the types of punishment actually prohibited by the Eighth Amendment's "cruel and unusual" language have been subject to hundreds of years of statutory and judicial interpretation. In 2014, the Supreme Court of the United States addressed one particular aspect of Eighth Amendment jurisprudence in Hall v. Florida (1): the intellectual disability defense. (2) In Hall, the Court struck down a Florida statute which prohibited criminal defendants facing capital punishment from invoking the intellectual disability defense if they had an IQ greater than seventy. (3) The Court's decision in Hall is just the most recent in a line of cases defining the intellectual disability defense. While at first glance Hall might seem like a logical extension of its predecessors, when viewed in light of the surrounding case law and the status of intellectual disability statutes around the country, the decision actually creates uncertainty as to the future shape of the intellectual disability defense. Thus, it is essential for the states to review their own intellectual disability defenses to ensure compliance with Hall and the developing trend in intellectual disability defense jurisprudence. Once the requirements of the Court's decision in Hall are fully understood, as well as the reasoning behind that decision, states would be well served in adopting an intellectual disability defense statute similar to California's statute. I. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT PRIOR TO THE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY DEFENSE Compared to many of the other amendments that make up the Bill of Rights, the text of the Eighth Amendment is relatively succinct, stating plainly that "[e]xcessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted." (4) The Eighth Amendment represents an important, self-imposed restraint on governmental power, which demonstrates that it is "the duty of the government to respect the dignity of all persons," including criminals. (5) Based on the Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment, Justice Brennan wrote that any punishment that was "degrading to human dignity[,] ... inflicted in a wholly arbitrary fashion[,] ... patently unnecessary," or "rejected [by] society" was to be considered constitutionally impermissible. (6) Historically, a convicted defendant's intellectual disability was not considered an absolute defense against a sentence of capital punishment. (7) In Penry v. Lynaugh, the defendant was charged with rape and murder and was subsequently convicted and sentenced to death. (8) However, Penry, the defendant, had been clinically diagnosed as mentally retarded from a young age, most likely due to organic brain damage caused by trauma during birth. (9) Psychologists gave Penry several IQ tests over the course of his life, with results indicating an IQ of somewhere between fifty and sixty-three, which was indicative of "mild to moderate retardation." (10) The defendant's expert witness, a clinical psychologist, testified that Penry had the intelligence of a six-and-one-half-year-old and the social maturity of a nine- or ten-year-old. (11) At sentencing, Penry argued that the Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment should preclude the jury from invoking capital punishment. (12) The trial court rejected this defense and the jury sentenced Penry to death. (13) On appeal, the Supreme Court rejected the contention that it was cruel and unusual to execute a mentally retarded defendant. (14) While the Justices recognized that "mental retardation is a factor that may well lessen a defendant's culpability for a capital offense," the Court did not accept the conclusion that the intellectual disability of a defendant like Penry could be raised as an absolute defense against capital punishment. …


AbstractThis study aims at exploring how students' interest in reading books using technology and exploring how technology affects students' reading habit. Type of design used in this study is quantitative and using questionnaire as the main instrument. In general, it can be said that the level of student interest in reading is still relatively low. Most students think that they were not the kind of students who spend a lot of time reading about English. The technology that develops in the context of learning and reading comprehension shows students' interest in integrating their reading interests using mobile phone and laptops.Keywords: Interest in reading, reading habits, technology


This paper examines whether or not the South Asian Association Regional Cooperation (SAARC), can introduce a single currency across the region. A four-variable structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model is used to identify the underlying shocks and to examine the correlation in shocks for a specified sample period of 1974–2010. The results show asymmetric correlations among domestic shocks, which do not suggest forming a common currency area across the region. The paper also finds lower factor mobility; lower degree of intra-regional trades, and lack of political cooperation, suggesting the SAARC countries are not yet ready to introduce a common currency.


The technology of CodeBar is introduced,study the cause of the distortion of dual galvanometer scanning system carefully,a software method of correction is brought forward,and realize the application of laser marking in the technology of CodeBar.


Linda-Susan Beard is Associate Professor of English at Bryn Mawr College (USA). She has been teaching and writing about Bessie Head since interviewing her in 1982. With the permission of the Head Estate, Beard is editing the definitive edition of Bessie Head's letters in a volume to be published by Africa World Press, due in 2015 or early 2016. The title is: Shifting-Sandscapes: Bessie Head, In Her Own Words.


The aims of this study was to determined the effect of aplication waste compost traditional market  and NPK to growth and yield of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) in the spodosols. This research was yield out in November 2018 until January 2019, at the installation of experimental garden of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangkaraya. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consist two factors, processing waste compost traditional market was K0 = 0 tons / ha (Control),  K1 = 5 tons / ha,  K2 = 10 tons / ha,  K3 = 15 tons / ha and NPK treatment was,  P0 = 0 kg / ha (Control), P1 = 300 kg / ha, P2 = 400 kg / ha. Each treatment was repeated 3 (three) replications to obtain 36 experimental units. To determined  the effect of the treatment given to the yield of the observation, an analysis was carried out.  If there was a real influenced from the yield of the analysis, then it will be continued with the BNJ test at the level of ɑ 5%. The yield of the average number of shallot tillers indicate that the combination of  distribution waste compost traditional market (K) and NPK (P) with K3P1 treatment  (15 tons / ha and 300 kg / ha)  was  the best combination of variable number of tillers 12,33. The aplication waste compost traditional market at a dose of 10 tons/ha able to increased plant height while 48,16 cm. Dose of 15 tons/ha able to increased number of tillers 9,56, fresh weight 91,80 g and dry tuber weight 53,73 g. While granting NPK at a dose of 400 kg/ha able to increased fresh weight 87,14 g, and dry tuber weight on shallots 49,49 g.


The present investigation tries to probe some problems that are manifested in secondary education, especially those related to literature, therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the application of educational dramatization in literature, while exploring the incidence positive that can result in high school students. To refer to the methodological means of the study, articles and doctoral theses indexed in various databases were reviewed such as: Scopus, ERIC, SciELO, Dialnet, Redalyc, CONCYTEC Alicia and Google Academic. During the information search, various research strategies were used, such as the use of keywords, search by title and author. In addition, it should be noted that the documents reviewed are in Spanish, English and Portuguese. It was mainly concluded that dramatization is a viable and favorable option to address the difficulties that may arise throughout Regular Basic Education (RPE), taking advantage of its plasticity to adapt to various contexts both at school and at school target student population.


An important issue in Qualitative Spatial Reasoning is the representation of relative direction. In this paper we present simple geometric rules that enable reasoning about relative direction between oriented points. This framework, the Oriented Point Algebra OPRA_m, has a scalable granularity m. We develop a simple algorithm for computing the OPRA_m composition tables and prove its correctness. Using a composition table, algebraic closure for a set of OPRA statements is sufficient to solve spatial navigation tasks. And it turns out that scalable granularity is useful in these navigation tasks.


This thesis analyzed the evacuation problem when fire breaks out in the super-high-rise buildings and proposed the refuge areas as a method of seeking for the residents' safety and considered its necessity. And drew out the factors which should be considered to prepare refuge area standard, and demonstrated those drawn factors for solution one by one and then proposed as the refuge standard.


Harris was born on October 23, 1909, in what was to become the Soviet Union, but he was brought to Philadelphia when he was four. His entire academic career lay at the University of Pennsylvania, as student and professor, until he formally retired in 1979. For years, however, he commuted to Israel, where his wife Bruria Kaufman, a theoretical physicist and former assistant of Einstein, was a professor at the Weizmann Institute. I wish that I could refer to other memorials which would say something of the man himself. I met him once, and found him courteous and charming. Instant tributes in the Linguist list, by Bruce Nevin and Michael Kac, include some relevant anecdotes.<1> But it would be impertinent for an obituarist so little connected with him to attempt to say more.


Epilepsy is one of the most frequent and  heterogeneous neurological disorders and it is  characterized by several disabilities. Epilepsy is  affecting about 3% of people worldwide. Current antiepileptic  drugs are only effective in 60% of individuals  and many drugs can induce several unwanted side  effects in patients. Etiology of epilepsy has not been  clarified fully. However, increased intracellular calcium  ion (Ca 2+ ) concentration has main role in etiology of  epilepsy. Ca2+ passes the cell membrane through  different cell membrane channels. One of the channels  is TRP superfamily. The family is containing six  subfamilies. TRPV1 channel is a member of TRPV  subfamily. Capsaicin is a component of hot chili pepper.  The TRPV1 channels is activated by different stimuli  such as acidic pH, high temperature (≥ 42° C) and  capsaicin, causing pain, inflammation and hyperalgesia  in peripheral nervous system (Caterina et al. 1997). Is  has been well known that hippocampus is main area in  the brain for induction of epilepsy. Expression levels of  TRPV1 channels in different areas of hippocampus are  high (Gonzalez-Reyes et al. 2013). Results of recent  studies indicated involvement of TRPV1 channels in  epilepsy (Naziroglu and Ovey, 2015; Cho et al. 2018).  In the oral presentation, I discussed novel roles of  TRPV1 on the epilepsy induction by the capsaicin.  Results of a recent study indicated increased levels  of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in hippocampus of  epilepsy induced rats (Naziroglu and Ovey, 2015).  They also observed increased levels of intracellular  mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis levels in  the neurons by the capsaicin stimulation. However, their  levels were decreased by inhibition of TRPV1 channel  blocker, capsazepine.  I concluded that the results of recent studies  suggest that TRPV1 stimulation through capsaicin  causes oxidative stress and  intracellular Ca2+ signaling  in epileptic rats. It seems to that the certain role of  TRPV1 channel activation in in the epilepsy still  remains to be determined.


In this work, a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (HDGTD) method with vector basis function is proposed for the first time to simulate the 3-D electromagnetic propagation problems. The HDGTD method replaces the numerical flux in traditional discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method by introducing a hybrid variable, and thus it has less degrees of freedom (DOFs) than the DGTD method. In addition, by introducing the high-order hierarchical vector basis function to the HDGTD, the computational efficiency is further improved. Finally, we verify the proposed method by three examples and analyze its efficiency.


This paper expounds the struggle of Qing-wen in her whole life.Qing-wen did not fear those who had higher social positions and dared to challenge the inequality between masters and their servants at the risk of her life.From the analysis of her life,the author of the paper tries to show the characteristics of the image: bold and rebellious,unique and independent,righteous,straightforward,frank and decisive.The novel A Dream of Red Mansions represents the social reality during the ending period of the feudal society when there were strives between the ruling class and the ruled class,condemning the villainy and hypocrisy of the feudal society,eulogizing the rebellion and struggle of the oppressed.The artistic image of Qing-wen is very impressive and has a high aesthetic value.Readers cannot accept the fact that Qing-wen finally became a tragic character because she could not change her destiny although she had big great dreams.


. The article defines the conceptual and methodological principles of the research of partnership interaction of the subjects of the educational process in primary school. According to the general scheme of methodological analysis, which is represented by four levels of methodology, namely: philosophical, general scientific, specifically scientific, technological, the article highlights the basic scientific approaches that make up the methodological basis of the process of forming partnership interaction of subjects of the educational process in primary school. It was found that in the presented study, the philosophical level of the methodology corresponds to the axiological scientific approach. The general scientific level of methodological analysis is consistent with systematic, synergistic and activity scientific approaches. The specific scientific level of methodological analysis is represented by subject and environmental scientific approaches. The methodological level of the methodology is related to the implementation of the ideas of technological and problem-based scientific approaches. It is proved that the implementation of the axiological approach is connected with the motives and needs of the future teacher in interaction on the basis of partnership, as well as with the formation of the value-meaning sphere of students; systemic approach - with the interpretation of partnership interaction of the future teacher with the subjects of the educational process in primary school as a system that possesses all the qualities of a system object; synergistic approach - with justification of the need to activate the future teacher's own strengths and abilities in order to form his readiness for partnership interaction with subjects of education in primary school; activity approach - with the activity theory of assimilation of social experience by an individual; subject approach - with the formation and stimulation of the "subjectivity" of the individual; environmental approach - with the creation of conditions and the use of resources and opportunities for the development of readiness for partnership interaction; technological approach - with the introduction of a certain pedagogical (educational) technology; problem-based


We introduce groupICA, a novel independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm which decomposes linearly mixed multivariate observations into independent components that are corrupted (and rendered dependent) by hidden group-wise confounding. It extends the ordinary ICA model in a theoretically sound and explicit way to incorporate group-wise (or environment-wise) structure in data and hence provides a justified alternative to the use of ICA on data blindly pooled across groups. In addition to our theoretical framework, we explain its causal interpretation and motivation, provide an efficient estimation procedure and prove identifiability of the unmixing matrix under mild assumptions. Finally, we illustrate the performance and robustness of our method on simulated data and run experiments on publicly available EEG datasets demonstrating the applicability to real-world scenarios. We provide a scikit-learn compatible pip-installable Python package groupICA as well as R and Matlab implementations accompanied by a documentation and an audible example at this https URL


[structure: see text] A potassium-selective fluorescent BODIPY-linked azacrown ether chemosensor has been synthesized using novel substitution reactions of 3,5-dichloroBODIPY. The indicator absorbs and emits light in the visible wavelength range. The dissociation constant Kd for the complex between K+ and the probe is 0.5 mM in acetonitrile. Quantum chemical calculations show that the experimental hypsochromic shifts in absorption and fluorescence upon potassium binding are due to complexation, which induces a large conformational change of the sensor.


Single phase materials NbsSh, T2-Nbs(Si,B)3 and D8s-NbsShBx in Nb-Si-B system were prepared by powder metallurgy method. T2 was almost fully dense, while Nb5Sh and D88 were porous after sintering at 1900°C for 2 hours. The lattice parameters of T2 decreased linearly as the substitution of B for Si increases. The isothermal oxidation test at 1000°C in flowing air indicated that the oxidation resistances of T2 and D88 are much better than Nb5Sh, but still extremely poor compared to the boron modified Mo5Sh. The extensive cracks in oxide scale and matrix were observed and arose from the volume expansion associated with the formation ofNb20 5 and boron-containing silica glass.


Abstract 5504 Background: We previously reported single agent activity for gefitinib in HNC (Cohen, JCO, 2003). EGFR activation can upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which has been correlated with resistance to anti-EGFR agents. Therefore, we conducted a phase I-II study of the oral EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), erlotinib with the monoclonal VEGF antibody, bevacizumab. Phase I trial at fixed dose of erlotinib 150 mg orally PO daily with escalation of bevacizumab to a maximum of 15 mg/kg q 3 weeks (Mauer, PASCO, 2003). During phase II, a two-stage accrual design was applied. Eligible pts had metastatic and/or recurrent incurable HNC with up to 1 prior chemotherapy regimen for recurrent disease, no prior EGFR or VEGF-based therapy, performance status > 60%, and normal organ and bone marrow function. Pts were excluded for tumors close to or encasing a major vessel, and a history of bleeding diathesis. Pts were randomized to receive the initial bevacizumab dose on either day 15 or day 1 of a daily schedule of erlotinib administration. Subsequent doses of bevacizumab were administered every 21 days. Between 3/03 and 11/04, a total of 51 pts were entered; male, 76%, median age 58 (39-81), performance status 0: 14 pts, 1: 34 pts, and 2: 3 pts. 86% of pts had received prior chemotherapy. No dose limiting toxicities were observed during phase I. A total of 45 pts were treated at the phase II dose of erlotinib 150 mg PO daily and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg q 3 weeks. Cycle number ranged from 1-10. Toxicities include skin rash in 28 of 44 currently evaluated pts (grade 1: 18, grade 2: 10), diarrhea in 15 pts (grade 1: 10, grade 2: 3, grade 3: 2 pts); fatigue in 21 pts, and grade 4 hemorrhage in 1 pt. Best response is CR: 2 pt; PR: 3 pts; SD: 31 pts; PD: 11 pts, and too early: 4 pts. At the time of this analysis, a total of 30 pts have progressed or died. Median progression-free survival is 127 days (95% CI: 85 - 151 days); overall survival is 226 days. The combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab is well tolerated at the doses utilized in this study. The observed response/stable disease rate is encouraging. Mature data on TTP and OS will be available. (supported by NIH N01 CM-17102-01) [Table: see text].


We have measured the Li abundances, or upper limits, of 26 metal-poor stars generally cooler than the Spite plateau, where Li destruction (in dwarfs) and dilution (in subgiants) is expected. These stars were targeted in order to study Li processing mechanisms that must be understood in order for the primordial Li abundances in warmer less-depleted halo stars to be inferred. Iron abundances have also been measured from the spectra. For the cool dwarfs, depletion of Li relative to hotter plateau stars (which may or may not be depleted) becomes significant at 5700 K. They show depletion of Li by ≃0.27 dex per 100 K over the interval 5000 K < Teff < 5500 K. This trend is shallower than predicted by a subset of 16.5 Gyr Yale "standard" (nondiffusive, nonrotating, nonmagnetic, non-mass loss) models, but is in reasonable agreement at 5000 K. The overall depletion pattern appears to be generally independent of metallicity for halo stars. However, several stars of similar temperature and metallicity exhibit different degrees of depletion, and it is possible that metallicity plays a role in this more complex situation. Despite the shallower slope of the observations over this temperature range, depletion becomes a much steeper function of temperature cooler than ~4900 K, consistent with these (and other) models. The subgiants conform to the dilution patterns previously revealed for this class, except for the high Li abundance of HD 89499. Another mechanism is believed to be responsible for this short-period binary, possibly the suppression by tidal forces of main-sequence rotationally induced mixing.


This paper presented a smart moving-spiral-clothesline for urban life. The design of the clothes dryer is flat and used in the manner of spiral movement. 3D models have been designed to show the basic component of the proposed smart clothesline. To evaluate the proposed system, the simulation results have been set up to show the operation of the proposed system. The proposed system of the clothes drying rack (spiral moving type) can support the drying weight of 2.5 kg per one drying time, which can save 68.2% of the space compared to old clothes drying (fix type). This, consequently, can assist in terms of movable space. The proposed system can also analyze the situation when dust affecting the drying may damage clothes from the simulation of the operation of the device and the sensor. It is found that the proposed equipment can be used in the actual design. In addition, t is necessary to adjust the light value to suit the installation area to prevent equipment failure.


Chapter 1 illustrates the types of benefits that can result from implementation of ICTs. It provides examples of how governments are exploiting these technologies as key building blocks in national health reform strategies and to enable innovation in health care delivery.


Lead concentration was determined in finger nails and scalp hair of exposed and unexposed males by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The mean levels of Pb in the finger nails ranged from 50–480 μg/g, and 50–240 μg/g for exposed and unexposed males respectively. The mean levels of Pb in the scalp hair ranged from 30–410 μg/g, and 30–200 μg/g for exposed and unexposed males respectively. The study established that the mean Pb levels in both the finger nails and the scalp hair samples increased with increase in age. The mean Pb levels for all the age categories studied had significant differences at α=0.05, p<0.05 (One-way Anova). Comparing the mean lead concentration in scalp hair with finger nails a significant difference was indicated in the two tissues (P<0.05). Even though the Pb levels were higher in the finger nails as compared to the scalp hair in all the male subjects, it is reasonable to say that the two tissues are recording filaments that can be used to know the extent of heavy metal pollution in the environment as well as the levels of essential trace elements.


The invention as well as the component supported in the products an effect intended by volatilization may appear, such as fragrances, insect repellents can exhibit lasting effect uniformly volatile for a certain period of time, the flowability with a self-indicator display improved oil-based gels that, the flowability with a self-indicator feature of the present invention enhanced oil-based gel on is characterized in that, and as a main component at room temperature gelling agents, gel-enhancing agent, an oily solvent, uniformly blended with conventional fragrance or insecticide ingredient here do. Flowability with a self-indicator enhanced oil-based gels according to the present invention is configured as described above is doemeuro made of a room temperature gelation system during manufacturing, without the loss of fragrance and repellent ingredient loaded, as desired, volatiles using liquid gel It is at the time of loss by the direct method to the function indicator indicating the use-complete function to maintain a constant surface area, and is a useful invention which can ensure constant volatilization not used until complete. Fluid gels, air freshener, insect repellent


Multimedia computing promises access to any type of visual or aural medium through digital networks. But can a given multimedia document be effectively accessed everywhere? The presentation of data must adapt to both the available communications bandwidth and the output device resolution. Current multimedia systems assume that applications require the highest possible quality and handle resource overloads through ad hoc methods, such as video frame dropping. To support a variety of applications with lower quality requirements, we need both new standards for scalable data encoding and new techniques for communicating application quality requirements. This paper describes a new approach for specifying quality of service (QoS) requirements based on functionality rather than on data encoding and device capabilities. The potential of distributed multimedia computing can be achieved by offering device-independent and physicaldata-independent service interfaces. Logical data independence is also desirable, but we omit discussion of it here in the interest of brevity. Device and physicaldata independence are well known principles of database system design. In multimedia systems they have the following meaning:


Objective To explore the clinical teaching intervention measure and effect of the cultivation of humanistic quality of post 90s nursing students in practice .Methods One hundred and forty-eight nursing students in practice from 2012 and 152 cases from 2013 were chosen and divided into the control group and the observation group .The control group received traditional way of teaching , the observation group received the intervention study on the cultivation of humanistic quality about ten months through the bucket theory .The comprehensive intervention measures were carried out through the way of joint teaching in all clinical departments so as to improve the teaching philosophy , update the concepts of education , reform the curriculum structure, optimize teaching contents , refine teaching processes , and strengthen the model and guidance .The evaluation was carried out according to the formulation of methods and standard of evaluating the humanistic quality and professional image of nursing students in practice , and the scores of evaluation were analyzed , and the interventional effect was compared .Results The cases of nursing students in practice who respectively got 10-20, 21-30, and 31-40 were 4 cases (2.6%), 49 cases (32.3%), 99 cases (65.1%) in the observation group, and were significantly higher than 22 cases (14.9%), 53 cases (35.8%), 73 cases (49.3%) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-3.351, P<0.05).The score of hospital patients on the cultivation of humanistic quality and self-evaluation of nursing students in practice in the observation group were higher than those in the control group , and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-3.202, P <0.05 ).Conclusions The implementation of the intervention of the cultivation of humanistic quality through the bucket theory can effectively improve the nursing students ' humanistic quality , improve the professional image , and is benefit to all-round development of the nursing students in practice .

Key words:
Bucket theory; Post 90s; Nursing students in practice; Humanistic quality; Interventional effect


The security of a network is always a vital element in application of Internet/Intranet system.Password identification technology is an efficient security policy which ensures the security of computer system in traditional way,while it also has disadvan-tages of trivial memory,lost easily and forget easily.So,it is necessary to find a safe method.The paper presents Web access control on the basis of fingerprint authentication combining with key system.And it also analyses the advantages and disadvantages of control method.


The single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) marker,as the third generation DNA genetic sign,plays an important role in discovery of certain gene mutations.It has been found that SNP has an obvious relationship with medicine or susceptibility to desease in recent years.Through sorting and summarizing materials,a brief account of the relative information and the current study in particular associated with diseases of SNP are presented.


The title compounds (I) and (II), prepared by known procedures are shown to be isomorphic belonging to the orthorhombic space group Cmca.


Wainer presents 13 biomedical examples to illustrate advantages of statistical thinking and data visualization. Wainer presents 13 biomedical examples to illustrate advantages of statistical thinking and data visualization.


We live in a 3-dimensional world. We know 2-dimensional objects as those we can see on paper. But what would an object with a nonnatural number dimension look like? These dimensions exist and some unique sets have such dimensions, like log2 log3 . We will examine Hausdorff dimension, the Cantor Set, and multiple manipulations of it.


Objective: Total quality management (TQM) is a useful tool for improving the perceived service quality to increase the customers' satisfaction (CS) and to maintain their loyalty. The purpose of this study examines TQM in relation to CS and loyalty. Method: A self-administered questionnaire was administered to the inpatients who were treated at the National Cancer Hospital, in Vietnam, in April 2018. A total of 516 documents used the analyzed procedure. The dataset was analyzed via the SPSS software 25.0, and the Amos 25.0. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the structural equation modeling of the proposed hypotheses. Results: TQM directly influences CS and has a positive influence on loyalty. Our findings revealed that TQM is the key factor that directly influences CS and loyalty; CS performs a mediating role in the relationship between TQM and loyalty. Implications: The findings have implications for managers and policymakers that TQM factors include Process, Interaction, and Environment quality should be considered in planning with an aim to increase CS and to maintain their loyalty. Therefore, it increases profits for providers that contribute to sustainable survival in a competitive environment. Besides, satisfaction is a mediator factor of TQM and loyalty, so the service organization should consider customers' satisfaction to maintain loyalty.


Reconfigurable platforms have become a promising solution for high performance signal processing applications due to their flexible resources, high operating frequency, and low power. However, the required knowledge of such a reconfigurable platform is growing as the complexities to use these platforms continue to increase. This work simplifies the use of reconfigurable platforms for targeted signal processing applications. The first contribution is the design of TANOR, a tool for accelerating applications utilizing numerical algorithms with large-size data sets. TANOR is targeted at solving a range of N-body interaction problems spanning from astrophysics to molecular dynamics. The TANOR design flow starts with a MATLAB description of a particular interaction function and parameter selection from a graphical user interface. Subsequently, TANOR automatically generates a configuration bitstream for a target FPGA along with associated drivers and control software necessary to execute the application on a host computer. Architectural exploration is facilitated through support for standard number representations such as single precision floating point in addition to support for fully custom fixed-point and floating point representations. Moreover, TANOR enables joint exploration of algorithmic and architectural variations in realizing efficient hardware accelerators. TANOR's effectiveness and adaptability is demonstrated by generating kernels for three different applications: namely, the gravitational kernel (used in astrophysics), the Gaussian kernel (common in image processing applications), and a force calculation kernel (applied in molecular dynamics). The results show that TANOR is capable of achieving identical accuracy with lower resource utilization, making it competitive with existing manually-designed custom accelerators.
The second contribution focuses on designing an accelerator for Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT), which are used extensively in signal and digital image processing. Since FFT is such a versatile algorithm, much effort has been devoted to enhance its computation efficiency. Of particular interest is the two-dimensional (2D) FFT which is more computation- and bandwidth-intensive than the one-dimensional (1D) FFT. Traditionally, a 2D FFT is computed using Row-Column (RC) decomposition, where 1D FFTs are computed along the rows followed by 1D FFTs along the columns. Both application specific and reconfigurable hardware have been used for high-performance implementations of 2D FFT based applications. However, architectures based on RC decomposition are not efficient for large input size data due to memory bandwidth constraints. To address this problem, an efficient architecture to implement the 2D FFT for large size inputs based on a novel 2D decomposition algorithm is proposed. This architecture achieves very high throughput by exploiting the inherent parallelism due to the 2D decomposition and by overlapping communication with computation. A custom-designed high throughput memory interface block enables maximum utilization of the memory bandwidth. In addition, an automatic system generator is provided for mapping this architecture onto a reconfigurable platform of Xilinx Virtex4 and Virtex5 devices. For a 2K×2K input size, the proposed architecture provides a 96.7% improvement compared to RC decomposition based implementation under the same memory constraints, and also outperforms existing 2D FFT implementations.
The proposed solutions can serve as the enabling blocks for implementing a wide range of applications that can be solved using Non-Uniform FFT. The first work can be used as the translational phase and second work can be used directly for the FFT computation. Further work is required to optimize and integrate these blocks as a single system.


Recent advances in neural modeling for bug detection have been very promising. More specifically, using snippets of code to create continuous vectors or \textit{embeddings} has been shown to be very good at method name prediction and claimed to be efficient at other tasks, such as bug detection. However, to this end, the method has not been empirically tested for the latter.
In this work, we use the Code2Vec model of Alon et al. to evaluate it for detecting off-by-one errors in Java source code. We define bug detection as a binary classification problem and train our model on a large Java file corpus containing likely correct code. In order to properly classify incorrect code, the model needs to be trained on false examples as well. To achieve this, we create likely incorrect code by making simple mutations to the original corpus.
Our quantitative and qualitative evaluations show that an attention-based model that uses a structural representation of code can be indeed successfully used for other tasks than method naming.


Human teleoperation of robots and autonomous operations go hand in hand in today's service robots. While robot teleoperation is typically performed on low to medium levels of abstraction, automated planning has to take place on a higher abstraction level, i.e. by means of semantic reasoning. Accordingly, an abstract state of the world has to be maintained in order to enable an operator to switch seamlessly between both operational modes. We propose a novel approach that combines simulation based geometric tracking and semantic state inference by means of so called State Inference Entities to overcome this issue. We also demonstrate how Evolutionary Strategies can be employed to refine simulation parameters. All experiments are demonstrated in real-world experiments conducted with the humanoid robot Rollin' Justin.


Abstract This qualitative study explores the meanings of taking antidepressant medications as well as their impact above and beyond their psychopharmacological action. The data were collected from face-to-face, audiotaped interviews with eleven people who took antidepressant medication and were engaged in psychotherapy with a non-physician therapist. My analysis yielded themes that clustered around five categories: (a) stigma and antistigma, (b) dependency, (c) biology and depression, (d) choice, control, power, and social systems, and (e) antidepressants and psychotherapy. Implications for practice and training are discussed.


To recognize the organizational structure of fabrics effectively, a fabric image segmentation method based on multi-scale Markov random field (MRF) was presented. Multi-scale MRF was applied to segment fabric images combined with edge information, which is extracted by the modulus maximum of wavelet transform. Experimental results show that the segmentation algorithm associated with edge information can reduce the computing time and most misclassifications. So, the approach is feasible and effective for fabric image segmentation.


With the development of the world,People's living conditions have improved a lot and the development of private car in china is growing fast. However,there are a lot of problems,such as,how can we stop our cars on the limited land resources. As a result,whether the underground parking space belongs to all of owners or developer has became a hot topic. But,the rules of real right law of China are so simple that how we can rule the rights of underground parking space becomes a hard problem.


In this paper, by using Banach contraction mapping principle, we obtain some new existence and uniqueness theorems of solutions for a new system of initial value problems of first-order mixed type implicit impulsive fuzzy differential equations in the metric space of normal fuzzy convex sets with distance given by maximum of the Hausdorff distance between level sets.


Most flowering plants are hermaphroditic, yet the proportion of seeds fertilized by self and outcross pollen varies widely among species, ranging from predominant self-fertilization to exclusive outcrossing. A population's rate of outcrossing has important evolutionary outcomes as it influences genetic structure, effective population size, and offspring fitness. Because most mating system studies have quantified outcrossing rates for just one or two populations, past reviews of mating system diversity have not been able to characterize the extent of variation among populations. Here we present a new database of more than 30 years of mating system studies that report outcrossing rates for three or more populations per species. This survey, which includes 741 populations from 105 species, illustrates substantial and prevalent among-population variation in the mating system. Intermediate outcrossing rates (mixed mating) are common; 63% of species had at least one mixed mating population. The variance among populations and within species was not significantly correlated with pollination mode or phylogeny. Our review underscores the need for studies exploring variation in the relative influence of ecological and genetic factors on the mating system, and how this varies among populations. We conclude that estimates of outcrossing rates from single populations are often highly unreliable indicators of the mating system of an entire species.


The title of the second section of this timely volume is "Not Just a Mu seum: Medieval Texts and Modern Belief." This title embeds many conflicts, including the conflict between two scholarly temporalities in tension with each other throughout the history of philology since at least the fifteenth century1 I contrast these in their extreme forms for the sake of argument's clarity On the one hand we have time frozen in the museum (both metonym and metaphor for scholarly study in the institutions of the Enlightenment). On the other we have an apostolic succession of continuous time, capable of linking medieval texts and modern belief. These competing temporalities also embed competing scholarly postures, or what might be called compet ing philologies. The museum's frozen time implies frozen scholarly selves committed to understanding the past "in its own terms," a project that demands arduous, unsentimental ascesis of its practitioners as they repu diate presentism. Each "prejudice" of the present (i.e. each way in which the scholar has been historically formed) must be carefully and consciously laid aside in order to arrive at, and see from, a place without bias, present, or presence. The suggestion that the text from the past has any relevance for the present is a sure sign of philological indulgence and therefore of


Unsupervised anomaly detection (AD) is critical for a wide range of practical applications, from network security to health and medical tools. Due to the diversity of problems, no single algorithm has been found to be superior for all AD tasks. Choosing an algorithm, otherwise known as the Algorithm Selection Problem (ASP), has been extensively examined in supervised classification problems, through the use of meta-learning and AutoML, however, it has received little attention in unsupervised AD tasks. This research proposes a new meta-learning approach that identifies an appropriate unsupervised AD algorithm given a set of meta-features generated from the unlabelled input dataset. The performance of the proposed meta-learner is superior to the current state of the art solution. In addition, a mixed model statistical analysis has been conducted to examine the impact of the meta-learner components: the meta-model, meta-features, and the base set of AD algorithms, on the overall performance of the meta-learner. The analysis was conducted using more than 10,000 datasets, which is significantly larger than previous studies. Results indicate that a relatively small number of meta-features can be used to identify an appropriate AD algorithm, but the choice of a meta-model in the meta-learner has a considerable impact.