Manipulations of thyroid hormone secretion and function can be used to cure thyroidal deficiencies or overactivity and as a tool to investigate their physiological roles and identify potential protocols for enhancing animal performance. An essential approach to the investigation of thyroid hormone action involves the induction of hypothyroidal states. Methods of inducing hypothyroidal states in ruminants include thyroidectomy and treatment with thionamides. There are few data concerning the induction of an optimal degree of hypothyroidism for the study of thyroid function in ruminants, unlike the situation in rodents. The effects of hypothyroidism on the physiology of ruminants, and the relative merits of thyroidectomy or of treatment with thionamides to manipulate thyroid hormone profiles in them, are reviewed and discussed. Thyroidectomy in ruminants induces an acute, irreversible, hypothyroidal state. It also has indirect, predominantly adverse, effects on many physiological processes and impairs health. Thus, thyroidectomised (THX) animals cannot be sustained for long-term studies without thyroid hormone replacement. Antithyroid drugs of the thionamide class, on the other hand, have been used with success to induce varying degrees of hypothyroidism, predominantly less severe than those induced by thyroidectomy. The changes induced by drugs are reversible upon withdrawal of treatment. However, treatment may require daily administration of the drug for several weeks before stable plasma concentrations of thyroid hormone are achieved. Furthermore, at high doses, these drugs can have toxic side effects. It is concluded that the treatment regime of choice will depend on the objectives of the individual study. Knowledge of the activities of thyroid hormone metabolising, deiodinase enzymes in the target tissues is also required if the actions of some of these drugs, their physiological roles in modulation of the thyroid hormones, and, crucially, their potential effects on animal health and production are to be properly understood and exploited.


BACKGROUND
Carriers of the human leucocyte antigen variant HLADQA1*05 (rs2097432) are at risk of developing antibodies against infliximab and adalimumab with reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist persistence. The impact of proactive therapeutic drug monitoring (PTDM) on this association has been barely assessed.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study including patients with inflammatory bowel disease starting anti-TNF therapy between January 2017 and March 2021. Proactive therapeutic drug monitoring was defined as periodic drug level measurement (≥2 determinations during the first year of treatment and ≥1/annual determination during the following years), regardless of clinical condition, followed by dose optimization. Variables associated with treatment persistence were assessed with multivariable Cox regression analysis.

RESULTS
A total of 112 patients were included, 52 (46.4%) HLA-DQA1*05 carriers, with a median follow-up of 73.9 (interquartile range, 35.4-133.1) weeks. Combination therapy with thiopurines was more frequent among HLA-DQA1*05 noncarriers (28 [46.7%] vs 12 [23.1%]; P = .01). Clinical remission rates at week 14 (77.9% vs 73.9%; P = .69) and 56 (73.2% vs 68.4%; P = .64) were similar between HLA-DQA1*05 noncarriers and carriers. Drug persistence was higher among HLA-DQA1*05 carriers (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.71; P = .01). Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified systemic steroids at anti-TNF initiation (HR, 4; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-9.7) as a risk factor and HLA-DQA1*05 carriers (HR, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.81) as a protective factor of treatment cessation.

CONCLUSION
In adult patients with PTDM, a positive HLA-DQA1*05 genotype does not associate a higher risk of treatment cessation nor worse clinical outcomes.


It is clear that the development of new methodologies that increase the electrical systems efficiency and the welfare of users, avoiding pollution as best as possible, are highly desired by researchers and utilities. In this context, in Ecuador, basic service elements like water heaters are usually used by population. Where, currently water heaters based on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) are used. However, these devices are harmful for the country's economy. In this research, a novel prototype corresponding to an induction water heater is proposed. This has three operation stages corresponding to rectification, filtering, and controlling single-phase inverter by sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM). In order to validate the proposed work, different test at each operation state, were developed. Results show an acceptable performance. Therefore, the prototype can be considered as an alternative to traditional devices.


Abstract Incorporating Gadamer and other thinkers from the continental tradition, this essay is a close and detailed hermeneutic, phenomenological, and ontological study of the dialectic practice of Plato's Socrates—it radicalizes and refutes the Socrates-as-teacher model that educators from scholar academic ideology embrace.


The present work demonstrates the capability of several type of molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs) and their linked chiroptical phenomenon the photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) to map in great detail the molecular geometry of polyatomic chiral molecules as a function of photoelectron energy. To investigate the influence of the molecular potential on the MFPADs, two chiral molecules were selected, namely 2-(methyl)oxirane (C3H6O, MOx, m = 58,08 uma) and 2-(trifluoromethyl)oxirane (C3H3F3O, TFMOx, m = 112,03 uma). The two molecules differs in one substitutional group and share an oxirane group where the O(1s) electron was directly photoionized with the use of synchrotron radiation in the soft X-ray regime. The direct photoionization of the K-shell electron is well localized in the molecule and it induces the ejection of two or more electrons; the excited system separates into several charged (and eventually neutral) fragments which undergo Coulomb explosion due to their charges. The electrons and the fragments were detected using the COLd Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy (COLTRIMS) and the momentum vectors calculated for each fragment belonging from a single ionization. The former method gives the possibility to post-orient molecules in space, giving access to the molecular frame, thus the MFPAD and its related PECD for multiple light propagation direction. Stereochemistry (from the Greek στερεο- stereo- meaning solid) refers to chemistry in three dimensions. Since most molecules show a three-dimensional structure (3D), stereochemistry pervades all fields of chemistry and biology, and it is an essential point of view for the understanding of chemical structure, molecular dynamics and molecular reactions. The understanding of the chemistry of life is tightly bounded with major discoveries in stereochemistry, which triggered tremendous technical advancements, making it a flourishing field of research since its revolutionary introduction in late 18th century. In chemistry, chirality is a brunch of stereochemistry which focuses on objects with the peculiar geometrical property of not being superimposable to their mirror-images. The word chirality is derived from the Greek χειρ for "hand", and the first use of this term in chemistry is usually attributed to Lord Kelvin who called during a lecture at the Oxford University Junior Scientific Club in 1893 "any geometrical figure, or group of points, "chiral", and say that it has chirality if its image in a plane mirror, ideally realized, cannot be brought to coincide with itself.". Although the latter is usually considered as the birth of the word chirality, the concept underlying it was already present in several fields of science (above all mathematics), already proving the already multidisciplinary relevance of chirality across many field of science and beyond. Nature shows great examples of chiral symmetry on all scales. Empirically, it is possible to observe it at macroscopic scale (e.g. distribution of rotations of galaxies), down to the microscopic scale (e.g. structure of some plankton species), but it is at the molecular level where the number gets remarkable: most of the pharmaceutical drugs, food fragrances, pheromones, enzymes, amino acids and DNA molecules, in fact, are chiral. Moreover, the concept of chirality goes far beyond the mere spatial symmetry of objects being crucially entangled with the fundamental properties of physical forces in nature. The symmetry breaking, namely the different physical behaviour of a two chiral systems upon the same stimuli, is considered to be one of the best explanation for the long standing questions of homochirality in biological life, and ultimately to the chemical origin of life on Earth as we know it. Our organism shows high enantio-selectivity towards specific compounds ranging from drugs, to fragrances. Over 800 odour molecules commonly used in food and fragrance industries have been identified as chiral and their enantiomeric forms are perceived to have very different smells, as the well-know example of D- and L- limonene. Similarly, responses to pharmaceuticals drugs can be enantiomer specific, and in fact about 60 % the drugs currently on the market are chiral compounds, and nearly 90 % of them are sold as racemates. The same degree of enantio-selectivity is observed in the communications systems of plants and insects. Plants produce lipophilic liquids with high vapour pressure called plant volatiles (PVs) which are synthesized via different enzymes called tarpene synthases that are usually chiral. Chiral molecules and chiral effects have a strong impact on all the fields of science with exciting developments ranging from stereo-selective synthesis based on heterogeneous enantioselective catalysis, to optoelctronics, to photochemical asymmetric synthesis, and chiral surface science, just to cite a few. Chiral molecules come in two forms called enantiomers. Their almost identical chemical and physical properties continue to pose technical challenges concerning the resolution of racemic mixtures, the determination of the enantiomeric excess, and the direct determination of the absolute configuration of an enantiomer. ...


Objective: To explore the infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in children. Methods: 1 206 throat swab samples of suspected MP infection MP-DNA were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR). Results: In 1 206 samples of respiratory infection in children, the MP-DNA copies was 435 cases, with a positive rate of 36.0%. Conclusion: FQ-PCR method for MP-DNA quantitative detection is simple, sensitive, and accurate. Knowing the infection of MP in children in vivo, which is contribute to the clinical diagnosis and treatment options of respiratory infection.


Objective To evaluate the applied value of transthoratic echocardiography during perioccolusion of defective congential heart diseases.Methods Sixteen patients with defective congenital heart diseases were subjected to occlusion.The group including 6 case of ASD(atrial septal defect),8 of VSD(ventricular septal defect),and 2 of PDA(patent ductus arteriosus).The type,size and shape of defections were detected before operation echocardiographically;occlusion of defection were monitored during operation and therapeutic effect were observed after operation.Results The ASD diameter by echocardiography was 0.7~2.1cm with an average of 1.8cm.The VSD diameter was 0.35~1.1cm with an average of 0.75cm. The PDA diameter was 0.37~0.9cm with an average of 0.63cm. Asymmetric duct occluder should be used in VSD in which the valve was close to the port. The success rate in 16 patients was 87.5%.Conclusion Echocardiography plays a very important role in selecting candidates before operation,guiding and monitoring during operation, following up after operation.


OBJECTIVE
This article assesses the efficacy, safety, pharmacology, and clinical applications of topical sirolimus 0.2% gel for the treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated facial angiofibromas.

DATA SOURCES
A review of the literature was conducted using the Medline (PubMed) and EMBASE databases using the keywords topical sirolimus, rapamycin, Hyftor, and tuberous sclerosis.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
Articles written in English and relevant to the topic were included.

DATA SYNTHESIS
In the phase 2 trial, the mean improvement factor, a composite measure of improved tumor size and redness, was achieved in all patient groups (P < 0.001) with significant responses among the adult and pediatric subgroups at week 12. There were no serious adverse events recorded. In the phase 3 trial, 60% of participants responded to treatment in the sirolimus group compared with 0% in the placebo group with different response rates between the adult and pediatric subgroups at week 12. Sirolimus gel had no serious adverse events, and dry skin was the most common adverse reaction. Patients who had completed the 12-week trials were then enrolled in a long-term trial; angiofibromas had response rates of 78.2% to 0.2% sirolimus gel.

RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN COMPARISON TO EXISTING DRUGS
Topical sirolimus 0.2% is a first-in-class, newly Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor that is a promising and safe, noninvasive alternative to surgical procedures for TSC-associated angiofibromas.

CONCLUSIONS
Topical sirolimus 0.2% gel is a moderately effective treatment for TSC-associated facial angiofibromas with an adequate safety profile.


The tourism development is being promoted by many partis such as goverment, private institution and community which are integrated each other for some regions in Indonesia rely on this sector to increase the income of Regional Goverment Budget that is tax and others, and to stimulate creative economics for people living around the tourism object. The Central Java Province is one of the provinces which h as many tourism destinations. One of most favorite tourism destination is the Borobudur Temple. The aim of the riset is to analyze the influence of Price Perception, Destination Image, and Service Quality concerning to Revisit Intention by means of Visitors' Satisfaction as Variable Intervening. Sampling technique is carried out with purposive samping. The total of the samples including 150 respondens that is the domestic touris of Borobudur Tample who have visited it more than once. The device of analysis made use of the riset is Stucture Equation Modelling (SEM) with Amos 24.0 program. The result of the riset indicates that Price Perseption has positif influence on the visitors' Satisfaction, the Destination Image has positif influence on the Visitors' Satisfaction, the Service Quality has Influnce on the Visitors' Satisfaction, and than Visitors' Satisfaction has positif influence on the Revisit Intention.


"What is history to me? Mine is the first and only world" (p. 243). They have more respect for the antecedents of Vienna's malaise. Their airiest comment, that the constitutional structure of the nineteenth-century Habsburg state "claimed divine right, simply as a means of removing its operations from the sphere of moral judgment" (p. 242), at least is worth a good debate at Jause time. Thanks to excellent organization, cogent arguments, and a patent realization of the complexity of the scene they describe, Janik and Toulmin add notably to the reconstruction of the Viennese cultural milieu prior to World War I.


The study of surface alloys is motivated by their use in many applications of different segments of industry, such as in the search for new catalysts and sensors, in surface protection against corrosion, in lowering friction, and in testing electronic devices. An important aspect of surface alloys studies is that of the precise quantification of segregation and diffusion processes as well as the determination of surface structure. In this paper we report a combined low-energy electron diffraction and photoelectron diffraction sPED ds using synchrotron radiationd study of surface alloy formation when Cu ultrathin films are evaporated onto Pds111d single-crystal surfaces. We present results for two different coverages s 1a nd 3M Ld and three annealing temperatures s300, 600, and 800 Kd. For these preparation conditions, a random alloy phase with different concentrations seems to form in the first few layers. Through the analysis of PED data performed using a multiple scattering formalism and the average T-matrix approximation it was possible to determine the atomic structure and the atomic concentration of the first three layers. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.115417


The problems of structural changes in the economy of large and medium-sized cities of the Western region of Ukraine are investigated. Special attention is paid to the spatial localization of cities, the cultural and historical traditions of functioning of their economy, the branch specialization and institutional environment of influence on the formation of business climate and economic development as the main factors of structural transformation of urban economy. To compare the peculiarities of economy transformation in the selected for the study large and medium-sized cities of the Western region of Ukraine, the dynamics of change of individual comparable indicators of their development in 2010 - 2017 were analyzed. This primarily relates to such indicators as the volume of freight transportations, the total area of new residential buildings, the retail turnover of enterprises, the capital investments, as well as the export services and its ratio to the export of goods. Based on the analysis of the relevant data, the main tendencies of structural transformation of the economy of large and medium-sized cities of the Western region of Ukraine that were selected for the study have been identified. The mentioned structural transformation are confirmed to be occurring primarily in the direction of equalization of the branch proportions of economic development of cities, irrespective of their size. At the same time, there is a tendency to move from mono-functional to poly-functional specialization of the urban economy on the basis of accelerated growth of those types of economic activity, the potential of which has not been fully realized before. The research gave the basis for the conclusion that the size of the city is not the determinative factor for the development or decline of certain types of their economic activity. Instead, spatial localization and traditions of business culture as well as the characteristic features of the evolution of the institutional environment of the city and the quality of human capital have the primary importance.


The aim was to find suitable algorithms that help to find a vehicle coordinates based on the optical camera images. It is assumed that the vehicle firstly drives through a determined route creating a sequence of optical camera images that will be complemented by relevant coordinates. At repeated drives-through, the system already compares the optical camera images with those saved at the first drive-through. Based on this comparison, current vehicle coordinates can be determined.


A new catalytic approach for the formation of optically active bicyclic lactones applying an enantioselective glyoxylate-ene reaction is presented; the catalytic reaction proceeds with formation of the two key stereogenic centers in good yield and with high diastereo- and enantio-selectivity.


The optimization of a supply chain is a very hard problem for classical optimization methods. Some evolutionary algorithms have been used to deal with supply chain problem recently. In this paper, Migration Differential Evolution (MDE) is proposed by imitating nomadic migration for this supply chain problem, and an ensemble method based on different Differential Evolutions (DEs) has been presented, which not only avoids the premature convergence, but also improves its global search capability. Finally, it is applied to deal with supply chain optimization problem. Experiments show that it achieves better or comparable results as compared to the performance of approaches in the literature.


Purpose: In this paper, the bending strength and buckling stability of (AA 7075-T6)
aluminium plate weakened by many transverse cracks, which located at different positions,
subjected to concentrated loads applied at the ends were analysed.
Design/methodology/approach: Numerical modelling and calculation by the finite
element method (ANSYS Package), for the critical load of bending and compression panel
were estimated.
Findings: It found that the variation of the critical stress in bending and buckling is
proportional to the crack conditions (no. of crack and location). In general, the critical load
in bending and buckling decreases with increasing the crack number in structure.
Research limitations/implications: For both bending and buckling, two transverse
cracks on one face of plate is more stable than two transverse cracks on opposite faces.
Practical implications: In addition, many experimental tests were carried out by using an
INSTRON test machine to obtain the buckling critical loads, where the experimental results
were compared with the ones of the finite element method. Furthermore, bending strength
was calculated theoretically for the cracked panel.
Originality/value: Comparison between the experimental and numerical (FE based model)
data and between the theoretical and nu-merical (FE based model) data for buckling and
bending strength respectively indicate the precise and the simplicity of the developed
models to determine the critical loads in such cases.


Much is known regarding images of p-adic Galois representations coming from subquotients of étale cohomology groups of varieties over number fields. In particular, the Mumford-Tate conjecture gives them up to subgroups of finite index, and has been proved in many cases by Serre and others. In the analogous situation of arboreal Galois representations little is known. In this paper we give a conjectural description of their images in the case that they arise via iteration of a given polynomial. We also discuss in depth the case of iteration of a quadratic polynomial with integer coefficients.


The issue of openness in Brazilian Portuguese vowels is a question not yet satisfactorily explored in the field of automatic classification of homographic heterophones (HH). Therefore, we aimed to develop and test a pilot classifier which assists in the automatic disambiguation of HH. For this purpose, a set of 226 word pairs of HH with the unique grammatical classes, distinguished by alternating mid vowels (e, E) and (o, O), was analyzed. The results showed that the rules proposed herein solve most disambiguation problems of HH word pairs containing mid vowels in the corpus analyzed and can be applied to TTS and ASR applications. The data also revealed that a predominant trend of non-verb classes exists, and, for some word pairs, that value can reach 95% occurrence.


y Abstract This paper addresses the existence of competitive equilibrium in the variant of the Assignment Game where budget-constrained agents are endowed with one good, that can be sold to buy another good. We dene the Money Scarcity (MS) condition and its Strong (SMS) and Weak (WMS) versions. The WMS condition ensures the existence of an equilibrium in cases where Quinzii's indis- pensability of money assumption does not hold. We consider two mechanisms to nd a competitive equilibrium which are extended versions of Gale's Top Trad- ing Cycles algorithm and of the Exact Auction Mechanism of Demange, Gale and Sotomayor. Under MS, the rst mechanism is strategy-proof; the second is not. We strengthen the MS condition (SMS) to guarantee the existence of Nash equilibria in the revelation game induced by the second mechanism, where the outcome coincides with the assignment found by the rst mechanism; moreover, this assignment is Pareto ecient.


The performance of the rail ballast layer is dependent on the physical, mechanical and hydraulic characteristics as well as the characteristics of other components such as vehicle and track speed. This study aims to evaluate ballast materials, in various application phases, regarding mechanical and hydraulic behavior. For this purpose, traditional aggregate shape tests, advanced aggregate shape properties tests were performed using digital image processing, resilience modulus, permanent deformation and hydraulic conductivity. The results showed that greater permanent axial deformation does not necessarily imply lower hydraulic conductivity for the materials evaluated in this study. The mechanical behavior was changed from the changes in the shape properties of the aggregates (2D shape and texture), as well as the particle size. The hydraulic conductivity remained the same for the three materials evaluated, even after the mechanical tests. Overall, the three materials were considered prone to breakage, but although they went through construction and operation, they were all classified as clean.


reflections on " Bioengineering evaluation and field test of the stand-alone therapeutic aid " ronald J. triolo, Phd O ur thinking and approach to research and assistive technologies have evolved significantly since the publication 50 years ago of " Bioengineering evaluation and field test of the Stand-Alone Therapeutic Aid. " The most striking change is in the value placed on basic discovery and knowledge generation , in addition to device development and verification testing. This evolution from a " Consumer Reports " mentality , where assistive technologies are field tested, to prospective, controlled trials of fundamental concepts and mechanisms as well as therapeutic and technical interactions is a paradigm shift in rehabilitation. We put a much higher premium on investigator-initiated (or " Department of Veterans Affairs [VA]-initiated ") research today, in contrast to " VA-evaluated " studies. This sea change in the role of the VA as a ready source for test subjects to a research-driven organization capable of generating new theories, planning , and executing sound methods for testing hypotheses and conducting world-class science and interpreting the results in the context of both clinical practice and their effects on new fundamental understanding of underlying physiological, functional, and societal implications is profound. JRRD has grown up and successfully transi-tioned from a journal of product development , anecdote, and speculation to one dedicated to evidence-based practice and data-driven conclusions. One interesting aspect of the last half century evident from this article is the maturation and development of a systematic approach to spinal cord injury classification and treatment. Written before international standards for neurological classification or identification of the continuum of measurement domains that discriminate between physiology, capacity, performance , and societal impact, the article , if carefully read, should engender gratitude in those working in spinal cord injury research in particular and rehabilitation research in general. The time, energy, and detail expended to describe the clinical presentations of the study cohort by the authors is astounding, especially in light of the relatively easy methods now at our disposal because of the hard work of numerous people over the intervening years to develop standards and classification systems that allow us to speak the same language without having to reinvent it. Our research subjects and the general consumers of rehabilitation services and technologies are also probably far more accepting of novel approaches and sensitive to the capabilities provided by revolutions in computing power, …


There is overwhelming evidence that East Timor has seen a deliberate, vicious and systematic campaign of gross violations of human rights. … To end the century and the millennium tolerating impunity for those guilty of these shocking violations would be a betrayal of everything the United Nations stands for regarding the universal promotion and protection of human rights.1


Modeling the interaction between persons and items at the item level for binary response data, item response theory (IRT) models have been found useful in a wide variety of applications in various fields. This paper provides the requisite information and description of software that implements the Gibbs sampling procedures for the one-, two- and three-parameter normal ogive models. The software developed is written in the MATLAB package IRTuno. The package is flexible enough to allow a user the choice to simulate binary response data, set the number of total or burn-in iterations, specify starting values or prior distributions for model parameters, check convergence of the Markov chain, and obtain Bayesian fit statistics. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate and validate the use of the software package. The m-file v25i08.m is also provided as a guide for the user of the MCMC algorithms with the three dichotomous IRT models.


Standard library cells are basic building blocks for ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) design, which improves designers' productivity through reduced design time and debugging. This paper presents the development of a CMOS standard cell library by the VTVT (Virginia Tech for VLSI and Telecommunications) Lab.


Dynamics of Langmuir solitons is considered in plasmas with spatially inhomogeneous electron temperature. An underlying Zakharov-type system of two unidirectional equations for the Langmuir and ion-sound fields is reduced to an inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation with spatial variation of the second-order dispersion and self-phase modulation coefficients, induced by a spatially inhomogeneous profile of the electron temperature. Analytical trajectories of motion of a soliton in the plasma with an electron-temperature hole, barrier, or cavity between two barriers are found, using the method of integral moments. The possibility of the soliton to pass a high-temperature barrier is shown too. Analytical results are well corroborated by numerical simulations.


Davidson, R. NI. (1965). A comparison of the efficacy of Canadian and Australian tuberculins. Parts II and III. N.Z. vet. J. 13, 154-158 and 159-162 (Box 2298, Wellington). The efficacv of Australian tuberculin (derived from human-type tubercle bacilli, 100,000 T.U. per ml.) and Canadian tuberculin (derived from bovine-type tubercle bacilli, 20,500 T.U. per ml.) in the cervical and caudal fold i/d tests were compared, and the cervical and caudal fold tests were critically evaluated. In the caudal fold, the more potent Australian product evokes more responses than the Canadian in only a small proportion of poorly sensitized animals. However, at the cervical site, the more potent tuberculin


Abstract In this article the conditions that govern surfactant‐enhanced emulsification and mobilization of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil are reviewed. The effect of soil properties, groundwater constituents, and differing surfactant solutions on the emulsification process is discussed. A constant head soil flushing apparatus used to characterize surfactant‐enhanced mobilization of m‐xylene is described. Data showing the effect of surfactant‐enhanced mobilization on m‐xylene removal efficiency in washed sand is presented. Flushing solutions were used at concentrations from below to well above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactants used. Removal efficiencies are shown to vary with surfactant concentration and with surfactant type. Flushing solutions of anionic, nonionic, and anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures were evaluated.


As hardware parallelism continues to increase, CPU caches can no longer be considered as a transparent, hardware-level performance optimization. Cache impact on performance, in particular in the face of false sharing, is completely dependent on the software that is executing. To effectively support parallel workloads on cache coherent hardware, the operating system must begin to treat the CPU cache like other shared hardware resources, and manage it appropriately.
 We demonstrate a prototype example of such support by describing Plastic, a software-based system that detects, diagnoses, and transparently repairs false sharing as it occurs in running applications. Plastic solves two challenging problems. First, it is capable of rapid, low-overhead detection and diagnosis of false sharing in unmodified, running applications. Second, it resolves identified instances of false sharing by providing a sub-page granularity memory remapping facility within the system. Our implementation is capable of identifying and repairing pathological false sharing in under one second of execution and achieves speedups of 3-6x on known examples of false sharing in parallel benchmarks.


The aim of this paper is to generate antifractals using fixed point iterative algorithms, i.e., we aim to generate anti Julia sets, tricorns and multicorns for the anti-polynomial <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$z\rightarrow \overline {z}^{k}+c$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the complex polynomial <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$z^{k}+c$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k\geq 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A hybrid Picard-Mann iterative procedure used to establish escape criterion and explore the geometry of antifractals. A visualization of the antifractals for certain complex antipolynomials is presented and their graphical behavior is compared with antifratals generated via Mann iteration. We also explain the effects of parameters on shape of antifractals.


Context: Multi-temporal InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar), a combination of radar acquisitions, can measure the ground surface deformation by looking at differential phase signals at an accuracy up to mm/yr (milliliters/year) for densely sampled time-series. It is extensively used in natural deforming areas such as volcanoes, landslides and faults. The general goal of the project is to improve the accuracy of the measures by studying the full covariance matrix, summarizing the amplitude and phase correlation of small spatial subregions between all pairs of images in the time series.


The concept of comprehensive budget management means that under the guidance of strategic objectives, enterprises make full and comprehensive forecasts and plans for their future business activities and corresponding financial status. In this process, through real-time monitoring of the execution process, the enterprise will constantly compare and analyze the actual completion situation with the budget target, so as to guide the improvement and adjustment of business activities without delay, in order to help managers to manage the enterprise more effectively and achieve strategic goals to the maximum extent.


This paper is devoted to the solution of a problem of N. Kirchoff and R. J. Nessel on the existence of a function f ? C2? such that formula] for almost all x ? R, where Fn is the trigonometric convolution operator and Tn is its discrete analogue.


Regional development is a complex economic category and a commonly used term today, yet it is vaguely defined and, therefore, interpreted implicitly and understood intuitively. From a statistical point of view, this concept, on account of its imprecision and ambiguity, is a kind of multidimensional characteristic which may be measured, though not conclusively. Due to the lack of a universal set of diagnostic variables adopted in taxonomic analyses, the quantitative approach to the examined research area, which is in most cases presented descriptively, poses the main problem. The objectives of the article are to rank the provinces of Poland in terms of regional development in the years 2006–2018 and to assess the similarity of results over time. The research study is based on linear ordering methods within the scope of multidimensional statistical analysis. The results of the conducted analyses allowed us to rank the provinces of Poland in terms of regional development in the years 2006–2018 and to assess the similarity of the results over time. The results of the analysis indicate a clear stabilization of high ranked positions during the examined period, last places are generally taken by the same regions. This situation may indicate an increase or at least strengthening of the disproportions between the most and least developed regions in Poland. Theoretical considerations presented in the article as well as the empirical results of our own research may provoke more detailed discussion on the subject.


Instruments that produce pulsed eddy currents in metals have been used to measure the thickness of one metal on another and to determine the properties of metals. The currents are produced by a pulsed dipole, which is surrounded by a conducting mask with a small aperture near the metal to concentrate the field and thus provide better resolution. A pickup coil near the metal is used to detect the currents. One configuration had the pickup coil on one side of a thin metal sheet with the aperture on the other side. This was analyzed assuming a plane electromagnetic wave with the magnetic field parallel to the surface of the metal. Experimental measurements showed that the attenuation as measured was about one-tenth that predicted by the analysis. An analysis was then made assuming that the magnetic field entered the metal surface perpendicularly to the surface. The results of this analysis were compared with the experimentally obtained results with good agreement. Possibly the main reason for the failure of the earlier plane-wave analysis was the reflection at the metal surfaces.


Mineral resources are probably overlaid by railways,highways,factories,water reservoir,oil pipeline,electric transmission line and other large building or building group,the reserves calculation of overlaid mineral resources has direct impact on the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources.Based on the related standard code,formula to calculate the coordinates of turning points of line of overlaid mineral resources was given,and corresponding calculation program was developed with Visual C++.The calculation program was proved to be correct by an engineering example,it can achieve the computerization of reserves calculation and drawing of overlaid mineral resources,so as to avoid human errors and improve work efficiency.


The generated power and efficiency of gas-steam combined cycle (GSCC) power plants depend on the temperature of the inlet air greatly. Based on the analysis of basic theory of inlet air cooling technologies, the application of evaporative cooling system and the absorption cooling system in GSCC power plants are discussed in this paper. Moreover, in China with high temperature and humidity, applied research and simulation analysis of the above two different cooling systems are conducted separately, the research results of which can provide certain reference for optimal design and economic operation of inlet air cooling system for GSCC power enterprises in China.


On March 11 and 12, 1958, the BORAX-IV reactor was operated at a power of 2.4 Mw, even though a large number of the fuel elements contained defects through the cladding. Subsequent investigation showed that 22 of the fuel elements in the reactor contained one or more ruptured rods. During operation, radiation fields in the vicinity of the turbine and condenser were high, but on shutdown all radiation levels decayed rapidly with a 30-min half life and after 12 hr all parts of the turbine and condenser showed only normal radiation levels of a few mr/hr. The effluent gases, the reactor steam, the condensate, and the reactor water were sampled during steady operation and analyzed for fission product gases and other fission products. An analysis of the data was made using information obtained from tests of defect ceramic fuel in EBWR, and an attempt was made to predict contamination levels throughout the system. Predicted levels agreed qualitatively with those found and in general the method led to high results. On the basis of these experiments it can be predicted that a boiling reactor, fueled with ceramic fuel, can operate for long periods of time with many defects through the cladding.more » Under these conditions, although activity levels may be hlgh during operation, no significant amount of long-lived contamination, other than fission gases which have stable daughters, will be released to the reactor surroundings. (auth)« less


Throughput, equipment utilization and costs reduction are critical factors to be considered in a highly competitive environment, especially when the demands of variety of aluminum engine blocks have been increasing rapidly. Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is designed to achieve the key of cost effective production because it is a very good combination between variety and productivity. FMS is a system which consists of too many programmable machines that connected by an automated material handling system to produce a very wide variety of products. Correspondingly, the cost for building a new FMS is positively correlated with its flexibility. For that cause, the design of FMS requires an intensive effort on designing, analyzing and optimizing. The aim of this project is to build a simulation model of new manufacturing system for new plant to produce 1200 engine components per day. This system should be flexible, reliable and within maximum scrap rate % 1. Furthermore, the optimization and analysis of production performance measures which are inclusive of cost, machine utilizations, and jobs per hour help the company studying the system and selecting optimal scenario as well as to support upper management to make perfect decision before implementing a new system. The methodology used in this study is simulation modelling which is presented as a powerful technique that can apprehend the complexities of the FMS. Arena software has been used to propose all scenarios. Results show that optimal scenario 3 can increase the throughput by %16 jobs per year.


The present invention, cement, and provides compositions useful as a substitute for cellulose ethers with plaster or mortar composition, the composition, i) has a pendant or side chain polyether group, and 140,000~ and a non-ionic or substantially non-ionic vinyl or acrylic brush polymers having a relative weight average molecular weight of 50,000,000 g / mol, ii) catechol tannin, phenolic resins, polyphenols, and one of the naphthol or contain more phenolic groups, or naphthalene sulfonate aldehyde condensates polymer, poly (styrene--co- styrene sulfonate) copolymers, and lignin sulfonates, preferably, branched containing phenolic resins, aldehyde condensates polymer, and a lignin sulfonate Such factors, including at least one aromatic group and an aromatic cofactors containing a combination of at least one sulfur acid groups. The composition, i) a dry powder blend and ii), i) and ii) 1 single dry powder of both or may comprise an aqueous mixture. .BACKGROUND


Many cutaneous reactions have been known to occur within resolved herpes zoster lesions. These include granuloma annulare, pseudolymphoma, lymphoma, granulomatous vasculitis, lichen planus and other dermatoses. The pathogenesis of these reactions remains unclear and it has been proposed that they may represent isotopic response. A dermatomal distribution in lichen planus is very rare. We report here a case of zosteriform lichen planus that was developed on the site previously affected by herpes zoster.


Abstract Introduction: Rheumatism alludes to various painful medical conditions which influence joints, bones, ligaments, tendons and muscles. It is also called musculoskeletal disease which is portrayed by pain and a gradual diminishing in the range of motion and function, in one or more areas of the musculoskeletal structure. In a few specific diseases, there are indications of inflammation, swelling, redness and warmth in the influenced zones like in osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Cases Summary: Four cases of Osteoarthritis were treated with Gettysburg water (Get.) as a potentised homoeopathic medicine. Each case was followed up with clinical observation and reported according to the criteria of the HOM-CASE guidelines. Assessment of homoeopathic treatment and its effect was carried out using the visual analogue scale (VAS) during every visit. Improvement in all cases was evident from the reduction of pain in the affected joints and relief in other associated symptoms within 2–6 months of treatment. VAS scores for the cases ranged from 8 to 4 in all cases. Complaints associated with chronic OA were relieved by potentised Get. This case series has shown promising outcomes and a further high-quality clinical trial is needed for the establishment of effectiveness data for the said medicine. Abstract OA is a chronic degenerative disease, which progresses because of multifactorial causation presented by the loss of articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the edges, subchondral bone sclerosis, and scope of biochemical and morphological alterations of the synovial membrane and joint capsule clinically. The condition is portrayed by joint pain, tenderness, limitation of movement, crepitus, and occasional effusion along with variable degrees of local inflammation. [1,2] Although OA can involve any joint containing hyaline cartilage, troublesome symptoms most often occur in the weight-bearing joints of the lower extremities. The most common medical conditions which influence joints, bones, ligaments, tendons and muscles. It is also called musculoskeletal disease which is portrayed by pain and a gradual diminishing in the range of motion and function, in one or more areas of the musculoskeletal structure. In a few specific diseases, there are indications of inflammation, swelling, redness and warmth in the influenced zones like in osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Cases Summary: Four cases of Osteoarthritis were treated with Gettysburg water (Get.) as a potentised homoeopathic medicine. Each case was followed up with clinical observation and reported according to the criteria of the HOM-CASE guidelines. Assessment of homoeopathic treatment and its effect was carried out using the visual analogue scale (VAS) during every visit. Improvement in all cases was evident from the reduction of pain in the affected joints and relief in other associated symptoms within 2–6 months of treatment. VAS scores for the cases ranged from 8 to 4 in all cases. Complaints associated with chronic OA were relieved by potentised Get. This case series has shown promising outcomes and a further high-quality clinical trial is needed for the establishment of effectiveness data for the said medicine.


In this generation, Coronavirus pandemic has many various impact on company businesses. The situation has required telework from their home as a precaution and safety measure to avoid being infected with the contagious coronavirus. Although going through the coronavirus outbreak, many businesses have tried to migrate and use cloud technology to keep pace with technology change, which requires data security and safe use of the cloud in business operations. Current cloud providers that are gradually evolving are becoming an integral part of facilitating a business already in the cloud and protected by innovative tools. Many users have already adopted emerging technologies associated with cloud applications and need to protect data in a cloud security environment. Currently, cloud security still needs to secure the environment, which is one of the reasons to consider when in the cloud environment. This study describes the era of a pandemic of the coronavirus, as well as the possibility of migrating cloud technologies for data protection at working from home or even in the remote workplace.


With the progress and development of science and technology, quantity model plays an increasing important role in analysing social problems. In this paper, it uses quantity model and with the help of operation research theory and method to explore the selection of sports talent, at the same time, which scientific predict college students' sports level from the perspective of statistics.


Bootstrap algebraic multigrid (BAMG) is a multigrid‐based solver for matrix equations of the form Ax = b. Its aim is to automatically determine the interpolation weights used in algebraic multigrid by locally fitting a set of test vectors that have been relaxed as solutions to the corresponding homogeneous equation, Ax = 0. This paper studies an improved form of BAMG, called relaxation‐corrected bootstrap algebraic multigrid (rBAMG), that involves adding scaled residuals of the test vectors to the least‐squares equations.


A student who is good at math will have a high level of analytical and logical thinking.  It develops the ability to make quick decisions, discuss and negotiate, and do things step by step, not only in solving examples and problems, but also in different situations in life.


The aims of the paper are twofold: to wrestle `Two Concepts' away from its home in the Anglophone analytical tradition and to read it through more continental eyes as a work of critical theory, but also to subject it to criticism from the perspective of a critical theory he failed to practise with sufficient radicalism. In the first part, I show that `Two Concepts' calls for and was conceived as an act of political engagement that is most productively read as a critical exploration of rationalism. This allows me to place Berlin in the political and intellectual context of the 1950s and to show how he shared anxieties about liberal democracy with thinkers from across the political spectrum. In the second part I focus on his critique while identifying presumptions and exclusions within Berlin's argument that prevented him from pursuing some provocative sociological observations latent in the text. I suggest that they foreclosed Berlin's ability to recognise three forms of modern power that especially threaten negative liberty: power that operates via socioeconomic structures, power that manipulates the will, and techniques of micro-power that circulate throughout the social fabric but which are not deliberate, intentional or visible in the way Berlin's definition of coercion requires. I conclude that if we take Berlin's exhortation to critical engagement seriously, it behoves us to re-examine concepts and practices of liberty fifty years after his analysis and in light of our own situation: in particular, to alert ourselves to the protean threats to freedom that saturate our post-communist - and perhaps postmodern – world.


Dial-a-Ride is a special transport service using specially adapted passenger-carrying minibuses for carrying people with disabilities. Dial-a-ride is currently funded from the Government, but that income is in for form of a grant administered by London Regional Transport-the organization that controls London's bus and underground train services. This paper also mentions the Greater London Council (now disbanded) which was a second tier London Government structure, responsible for much of London's administrative control. Also mentioned is the London Dial-a-Ride Users Association whose function is to represent the user's wishes for accessible transport in London.


Steady-state distortion levels produced during full scale PG operation as evaluated in terms of IDC (circumferential) and IDR (radial) distortion parameters were generally less 0.02 and nominally 0.01 or less as previously realized in the model test. Figure 10 summarizes the circumferential planarity in terms of phase and amplitude. The probe readings from two of the rakes, 180° apart, at the engine IGV plane were averaged to obtain these summary results. Such a comparison indicates excellent circumferential planarity over the complete range of the test data. A similar summary of radial planarity characteristics is presented in Fig. 11. In this case, all the probe readings from 2 selected radial immersions were averaged. Radial immersion B is the tip and D is the hub ring. The hub ring probes had the most deviation from those in any of the other rings, thus the results of Fig. 11 represent the "worst case."


The emission current in a molybdenum field emission array can decrease by 50% in 1000 s at an oxygen pressure of 10−6 Torr. To overcome this disadvantage of molybdenum microtips, the effectiveness of dynamic surface cleaning has been investigated in a single-aperture gated-diode configuration. For dynamic surface cleaning, tip surface oxide buildup is balanced by tip oxide removal due to sputtering by ions created in ionizing collisions with field-emitted electrons. The present results demonstrate stable dynamic cleaning with clean and partially oxidized molybdenum tips for currents ranging from 10−11 to 10−9 A with oxygen exposures of up to 1000 L. For currents above 10−9 A, ion bombardment causes the tip shape to become unstable leading to failure with increasing oxygen exposure.


(57) Abstract: golf practice platform, in order to pseudo-climb slope, downslope and sideways slope by the action of the screw drive device and the pair of double-acting hydraulic cylinder, a tiltable practice surface around the universal joint a. Golf practice mats are used on a platform on or other golf practice surfaces tilted. The mat in order to pseudo-grass state, such as tee, fairway and rough, and a means for varying the exposure height of the bristles.


Understanding the dynamic response of materials at extreme conditions requires diagnostics that can provide real-time, in situ, spatially resolved measurements on the nanosecond timescale. The development of methods such as phase contrast imaging (PCI) typically used at synchrotron sources offer unique opportunities to examine dynamic material response. In this work, we report ultrafast, high-resolution, dynamic PCI measurements of shock compressed materials with 3 μm spatial resolution using a single 60 ps synchrotron X-ray bunch. These results firmly establish the use of PCI to examine dynamic phenomena at ns to μs timescales.


DOCUMENTARY THEATRE IS A CREATION of О11Г Century: its history begins with Erwin Piscator's production of In Spite of Everything in 1925. Many reasons have been advanced for its development: it is a response to a deeply-felt need to penetrate to the truth hidden in the massive accumulation of facts; it is an adaptation of the rhythm and tempo of theatre to a sensibility created by the mass media, especially film; it is designed to dispel "the artificial fog behind which the world's rulers hide their manipulations." It is indeed, like its close cousin, epic theatre, theatre for the scientific age, and like it, foregoes the traditional emphasis of dramatic theatre on the timelessness of the human condition in favour of an emphasis on the human situation unfolding in a specific historical context. Reasons can likewise be offered to account for the dominant role documentary drama has played in Canadian theatre. A colleague of mine has overheard people looking at paintings by the Group of Seven and saying "I know where that is; I was there," and suggests that documentary plays offer Canadian audiences that elementary satisfaction of recognizing real places and real people — perhaps satisfying the deep need, which Northrop Frye has spoken of, to find answers to the question "where is here?" There is another way of looking at documentary theatre which offers a particularly fruitful approach to the critical study of Canadian documentary plays. That is to see it as one of a number of efforts whereby the modern theatre has sought to revitalize itself and rediscover its own possibilities. Let us examine two statements by major practitioners of documentary theatre to see what specifically theatrical concerns have gone into its making. Peter Weiss, in an interview published in 1966, said: "There are new possibilities for a theatre which can take up the reality in and around each human life, and a renaissance is coming for theatres from vastly different and unexpected directions — at one side, the Theatre of Happenings, and on the other extreme the theatre of documentation." He is speaking of the relation of theatre to the world outside itself, and of documentary's capacity to breathe new life into that relation.


Abstract : The objectives of the work reported herein were to: (1) develop a comprehensive test package with which to assess the technical proficiency of first-term Navy radiomen (RM) personnel; and (2) tryout selected measures in the relevant test setting. Measures were developed using job analysis, questionnaire data, subject matter expert (SME) workshops, and advisory panel review. A test package consisting of a hands-on test, a written job knowledge test, and a set of rating scales were administered to a small sample of first-term RMs. Try out results provided evidence that the performance measurement system (1) is well grounded in the RM real-world job, (2) is regarded as an acceptable job sample by RM SMEs, and (3) can be feasibly administered in appropriate settings. The measures evaluated in this tryout are adequate for the assessment of first-term RM job performance. Development of the additional measures to be contained in the full test package should be completed. Prior to the full-scale validation study, it is recommended that the complete RM performance measurement system undergo a carefully controlled pilot test using a sufficient number of test subjects to evaluate the reliability and objectivity of the tests and to make necessary revisions.


Abstract : Increasingly, elected officials are demanding that public universities demonstrate productivity and efficiency in their use of public funds. New York City is no exception to this trend; Mayor Giuliani has taken the lead in asking that the City University of New York (CUNY) improve its performance (see, e.g., Arenson, 1998a). The performance of a system of higher education depends at least in part on the efficacy of its structure of governance. For the purposes of this report, governance will be defined broadly as including not only the traditional academic decision making procedures related to curriculum, research, and faculty personnel, but also the organizational decisions of administrators, the policy decisions of the university trustees, and the oversight of statewide educational authorities. It includes the structure of authority, accountability, and incentive relationships from the New York State Board of Regents to the employment contracts of individual faculty members. Although effective governance is not sufficient to guarantee ultimate success in achieving positive educational outcomes, it is surely necessary. If CUNY is to satisfy public demands for improvement, it requires a system of governance that promotes both productivity and efficiency in its educational enterprise. The primary objectives of this report are to explain CUNY's governance structure and describe how that structure hinders the achievement of positive educational outcomes. In addition, the report makes tentative suggestions about how governance might be reformed to reduce obstacles to performance.


The naif arises as an indispensible element in a system of epistemological checks and balances; recurrently naifs may be seen unwittingly critiquing and counterbalancing the dominant knowledge regimes of a given era. (Cresap, 2004, p. 34)There is a current trend in various social theories, particularly queer and feminist, to disappoint, to embrace failure, or "feel backwards" as a way to intervene, interrupt, or contest the social worlds we inhabit (Edelman, 2004; Love, 2007; Halberstam, 2011). In addition, failure has become an emerging topic in the self-help and business advice markets (Harford, 2011; Heath, 2009; Lewis, 2014; McArdle, 2014). Failure is having some success these days and people, including myself, are hoping to experience some type of success in thinking about or through failure. It has become an object of intellectual inquiry and ironically only the successful engagements with failure will succeed. There is a right way to fail when failure becomes objectified and caught up in the grinder of the academy. Some will fail to articulate successfully the purposes, uses, or feelings of failure while others will get published, read, and engaged. These articles will perversely fail at failure. They will be deemed "sophisticated" or "rigorous" or "serious." They are not naive. They are worldly in that they travel the world of scholarship to provide thoughtful commentary or analysis of failure.I am skeptical of this turn to failure, perhaps because I am not sure what failure is or perhaps because I am afraid of failing. Or perhaps as an adjunct professor - part of the growing second class of professors - feelings of failure are all to real both psychically and materially. As such, I am drawn to the naive, which allows me to survive the feelings and material realities of "failing" in the emerging new economy of when the odds are against the arts of teaching, research, and making as contingent offer a mentality that allows me (and maybe you) to keep engaging in the intellectual pursuits that may not garner particular ideas of success, but allow me (and maybe you) to live in creating alternatives?In this article, I ponder the promises of a queer aesthete who can be read as "naive," but critically so. To be "naive" or to be called "naive" is a form of failure; a failure to be worldly or knowledgeable in one's doing and becoming. Accusations of naivete are used, after all, to distinguish the work one is doing from others that have not "gotten it right" or fail to see what you as a scholar see in a more critical, more worldly, less naive, vein. What, I ask here, is this thing called "naivete" in the midst of all kinds of failures - economic, political, and educational? How might the "naif" help (re)frame failure or illustrate one way failure might be reframed for us in an aesthetic way as artist-teachers to survive?This is precarious territory. If I fail to write in a compelling way about the naive, I succeed at failure. My article is a failure and perhaps I will, upon failing, "learn" something and redeem myself later after I am less naive about naivete. If I succeed in writing in a compelling way and am published I experience success, but my article fails failure. If you are reading this, I have succeeded, but my article has failed failure. My ideas will have become approved by a disciplinary structure that framed and perhaps reframes concepts that inevitably still create distinctions between "success" and "failure." Yet, to engage in such conversations, complicated to be sure, are necessary to work through complicated ideas, conversations, and encounter scholarly debate. Perhaps proceeding naively is a way to move through such precarious conceptual terrain, recognizing I cannot be completely naive in doing so? And this terrain is precarious, in part, because more often than not scholars and critics will quickly fall back on expert knowledge and their worldliness to critique ideas. Knowledge of critical social theories born out of a hermeneutics of suspicion put knowledge first, often negating how such knowledge disallows (or allows) people to relate. …


Background and objectives:  Pharmacists are in an optimal position to provide health care to patients with sleep disorders, however, at present their involvement in sleep services is limited. This study aimed to (i) establish an understanding of baseline levels of sleep health awareness, and attitudes towards sleep health in pharmacists and pharmacy undergraduate students in comparison with sleep physicians and (ii) collate the expressed preferences for sleep health training by final year pharmacy undergraduate students and practising community pharmacists.


Abstract Eastern Highlands is an Otomi language (Oto-Pamean, Oto-Manguean) spoken in the municipality of Huehuetla in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Voigtlander & Echegoyen (1979, 2007) propose that this Otomi language has up to seven conjugation classes. In this paper, I propose an alternative analysis of such conjugations by studying a sample of 2,000 verbs. I claim that one nasal marker involved in the paradigms of two of the alleged classes has a derivational function rather than being inflectional. The proposal reduces the complexities of the inflectional system of Eastern Highlands Otomi setting the number of conjugation classes to only five of them.


Let be a complete connected Riemannian manifold of dimension and let be a second order elliptic operator on that has a representation in local coordinates, where , for some , and the matrix is non-singular. The aim of the paper is the study of the uniqueness of a solution of the elliptic equation for probability measures , which is understood in the weak sense: for all . In addition, the uniqueness of invariant probability measures for the corresponding semigroups generated by the operator is investigated. It is proved that if a probability measure on satisfies the equation and is dense in , then is a unique solution of this equation in the class of probability measures. Examples are presented (even with and smooth ) in which the equation has more than one solution in the class of probability measures. Finally, it is shown that if , then the semigroup generated by has at most one invariant probability measure.


Silicon-germanium heterostructures have introduced the opportunity to engineer the energy gap of Si, leading to a wide range of microelectronics device applications. During epitaxial layer growth as well as technology process steps, structural defects may appear or be enhanced affecting device performances. We have studied the as grown potential defects before and after thermal treatments and ion implantation used in a BiCMOS technology under development. Preliminary results show a clear correlation between structural defects such as misfit dislocations in the commensurate layers and the junction leakage current in the final Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT).These results allow us to optimize the growth parameters in order to have a wider process window and a better process yield.


Now, with the rapid development of science and technology in China, computer networking technology is leading the development of the time, giving a strong support for people's daily life. Various traditional industries have been integrated with computer technology, which is an evitable trend in line with the times. And sensor is an indispensable device for information collection, which is widely applied in other industries. The paper, thus, analyzed the network-based sensor technology. At present, computer technology as well as networking technology have exerted huge impact on all walks of life, and in the process, and network-based testing technology has appeared with the combination of automatics and network technology, which can achieve remote testing with an ideal effect in the system testing. In the test, information gathering is an evitable link of the sensor, therefore, the term of network-based technology rises so as to release and share information in the areas covered by the network. [1] 1. The basic introduction to network-based sensor The design goal of network-based sensor is to integrate advanced computer information technology into the application of sensors. The sensor is linked by modularized structure, the simulation signals output by sensitive elements after the phase flow are processed by related data system. Then, they are bound to be frames by network protocol, which are transmitted to network by the network interface after adding accurate numbers and address. Meanwhile, network processing units are able to accept data and information transmitted by other interfaces in the network. In this way, sensor has become an independent site in the measurement net as shown in figure 1. Figure 1 Basic structure of network-based sensor As early as 1994, scholars in the industry published academic papers on structure standard of smart sensors in which they classified all sensors accurately, ensuring their practicability as well as proposing technological innovation, storing all data uniformly. In this way, most data information can be accessed via the network protocol. And network processors and data model converter are utilized in most cases, going beyond specific networks, which marks a technological upgrading. The standardized interface processor with innovation can make average sensors access the network, and make regional network an independent unit. In addition, network node is featured by configuration as well as interoperability. [2] In current stage, network-based sensors can be divided into two types: 6th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology (ICMMCT 2018) Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Engineering Research, volume 152


In this thesis an autonomous vision-guided technology is applied to our developed novel robot wheelchair for stair-climbing. In order to climb a flight of stairs automatically for the robot wheelchair, a CCD camera mounted on this robot wheelchair will be used to detect stairs. Since there exist large differences on stair environment, the boundaries of all stairs are confined to a straight lines, and all of them are perpendicular each other. After carrying out the detection of stair boundaries and imagine processing, the captured image coordinates will be transformed into the real-world coordinates. The corresponding rotational angles for each arm, or the motor commands can be calculated using kinematics and one-step-ahead motion planning algorithm, so that the autonomous vision-guided stair climbing can be implemented. Finally, from the implemented experiments, it is shown that the robot wheelchair can climb stairs autonomously using the vision-guided technology.


This research paper focuses on future trading of gold performance in MCX and discusses the evolution and performances of commodity market.


Various zones of the world usages for agriculture are groundwater and the main source of fresh water resources in the coastal area are seriously affected by seawater intrusion. The population density is increasing at disturbing rates, Fresh groundwater resources are depleted, and raising the importance of groundwater monitoring. Pakistan is especially helpless against climate change since it has a warm climate; it is land region is generally bone-dry and semi-dry areas. The fundamental reason for choosing District Badin was assessing the quality of drinking water for human utilization. Large coastal areas of Badin are exceptionally influenced via seawater intrusion. Investigation areas are progressively becoming ecological disaster zones.


In this paper, a broadband class-F i1 power amplifler (PA) that can be integrated into compact-sized micro-radio units is introduced. This PA utilizes a multi-harmonic impedance merging technique at harmonic frequencies so that the circuit areas of matching networks can be minimized. As well, in order to maximize the bandwidth of high e-ciency, circuit conflguration was optimized by the flrst order difierentiation of the fundamental-frequency impedance. For the sake of veriflcation, a 10W inverse class-F PA operating at 1.9GHz was designed with a commercial GaN transistor. It exhibited at least 39.2% size reduction as compared to conventional PAs of the similar power. In addition, it exhibited a bandwidth of 600MHz (1:6s 2:2GHz) at an e-ciency greater than 60%, a peak e-ciency of 83.9%, and an output power of 42.2dBm.


This work deals with the synthesis of cellulosic plastic films obtained in homogeneous conditions by microwave-induced acylation of commercial or chestnut tree sawdust cellulose by fatty acids. The acylation reaction was studied according to N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine (DMAP) amount, DMAP simultaneously playing the role of catalyst and proton trapping base. This study clearly showed that DMAP does not influence degrees of substitution (DS), massic, and molar yields. Plastic films synthesized in the absence of DMAP showed a decrease in mechanical behavior. Organic (tributylamine) or inorganic bases (CaCO3, Na2CO3) were then added to replace DMAP basic activity, and no changes were observed. Concerning thermal and mechanical properties of plastics obtained with various bases, glass transition temperatures (Tg) and degradation temperature (Td) were found constant whatever the base, and the best mechanical properties were obtained for films synthesized in the presence of CaCO3. The same remarks were made concerning the valorization of chestnut tree sawdust cellulose. Microbial biodegradation of plastic films with DS = 2.2 led to a loss of their mechanical behaviors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1266–1278, 2005


An active K/Ka-band antenna array is currently under development for NASA's ACTS Mobile Terminal (AMT). The AMT task will demonstrate voice, data, and video communications to and from the AMT vehicle in Los Angeles, California, and a base station in Cleveland, Ohio, via the ACTS satellite at 30 and 20 GHz. Satellite tracking for the land-mobile vehicular antenna system involves 'mechanical dithering' of the antenna, where the antenna radiates a fixed beam 46 deg. above the horizon. The antenna is to transmit horizontal polarization and receive vertical polarization at 29.634 plus or minus 0.15 GHz and 19.914 plus or minus 0.15 GHz, respectively. The active array will provide a minimum of 22 dBW EIRP transmit power density and a -8 dB/K deg. receive sensitivity.


Abstract : It is the purpose of this test plan to define an experiment to measure the peak power losses and temporal characteristics as a function of the Field-of-view of optical pulses propagating through clouds (marine fogs). In addition to the propagation measurements the meteorological parameters describing the propagation path will be measured and used as inputs to computer codes to assess the measured results and for propagation prediction purposes. Of primary interest here are those frequencies in the blue-green portion of the spectrum which after propagating through a cloud, can penetrate sea water and be of use as a submarine-to-aircraft satellite communications system.


The present paper considers some of the fundamental aspects of roving twist. An attempt has been made to relate theoretically the roving twist required to the different fibre characteristics such as fibre length, fineness, etc. The theoretical formula obtained is compared with empirical formulae suggested by other workers. Also, a useful practical application of the theoretical formula has been suggested.


At a ritual compound in Salvador, Bahia's capital city in Northeastern Brazil, the Caboclo Sete Flechas dances a sinuous samba, his bare feet marking time on the leaf-covered floor. With a serpentine spine and syncopated steps that turn on a polymetric beat, Sete Flechas rides out on the horse that is Mãe Oba's body. A priestess in the Afro-Brazilian religio-cultural matrix of Candomblé, Mãe Oba, cultivates Yoruban-oriented divinities, the Orixá, as well as Caboclo, hybrid Brazilian gods identified with indigenous histories and healing traditions. At ceremonial sessions like the one described above, Caboclos use locally harvested leaves to remove ailments and dispel negative energy. Rowdy, masculine entities that embody female, male and trans-identified practitioners, Caboclos also dance circular sambas that narrate and revel in living histories of emancipation, nationalism, eroticization and racial contact. This paper places critical ethnographic fieldwork and choreographic analysis in dialogue with Timothy Morton's dark ecologies to develop what I call dark horse kinetics: a counter-hegemonic praxis activated through Caboclo performance. I suggest that Caboclos use dark horse kinetics to unfix, critique and revise dominant constructions of race, nation, gender and sex. Thinking about dark ecologies through performance, I ask if dark horse kinetics can move dark ecology towards a performance praxis, or a praxis that performs, in an efficacious and theatrical manner.


Introduction: Women usually follow diets to control body weight. Nevertheless, previous studies have reported a great unknowledge on the more convenient guidelines to achieve this aim. Aim: To know the practices, habits and knowledge on nutrition of a population of women depending on the previous follow up of slimming diets. Methods: 1506 women (18±50 years) of 5 Spanish provinces were studied. Anthropometric data, information about the habitual food consumption frequency and the knowledge about a balanced diet data was studied. The answers obtained from women who declared to have followed diets to lose weight (49.5 %) (group D) were compared to the answers of women who declared have not been follow this type of diets (50.5 %) (group ND). Results and discussion: Both habitual and considered correct consumption for cereals/pulses, fruits/vegetables and meat/fish/egg was lower than the recommended consumption in women D and ND. Sweets, fat, buns, sausages and alcohol were considered to be, correctly, food to restricting when a diet to control of weight is followed. Nevertheless, and wrongly, bread was also included in this group. Women in group D declared to increase the consumption of vegetables, fruits, water and fish when they follow diets to control weight. On the contrary they do not consider being convenient increase the consumption of cereals and vegetables, which have similar caloric content than the mentioned food but their consumption is low Conclusions: Under knowledge on what it is a correct diet to lose and maintain body weighs is common among the general population and among persons who have followed diets to control weight, which should have a major knowledge on this topic. It justifies the need to improve the nutritional education of the population because, according to the results of the present study, there are false ideas that are necessary to demythologize.


IMPASS (Intelligent Mobility Platform with Active Spoke System) is a novel mobile robot driven by two rimless spoke wheels. Each of the spokes can be individually actuated with intelligent motion planning to walk over uneven terrain with high mobility. This form of novel locomotion has the potential to combine the efficiency of a wheeled robot and the mobility of a legged robot. A highly mobile robot such as IMPASS could prove very valuable in applications where the terrain is complex and dangerous, such as search and rescue, reconnaissance, or anti-terror response. This video presents an overview of the system concept with examples and demonstrations of its unique mobility. Beginning with an overview of the system concept and hardware, the video then demonstrates the different mobility advantages. These include rough terrain locomotion, dynamic surface locomotion, and large step climbing.


The studied area is located in Jacarepagua shoal, Rio de Janeiro state. The purpose of our work is to contribute to the ichthyological knowledge and the preservation of the Jacarepagua lagoon complex, because of it's potentiality as a procriation area of many important fish families, with economic value for the native people. In this paper we studied the following families: Elopidae, Clupeidae, Ariidae, Poeciliidae, Anablepidae, Mugilidae, Atherinidae, Centropomidae, Carangidae, Gerreidae, Sciaenidae, Gobiidae, Cichlidae, Bothidae, Soleidae and Synoglossidae, with their respective genus and species.


Comprising at least methane and water and the temperature is equal to a first temperature of the wet hydrocarbon stream (510) is cooled, thereby lowering the temperature to a second temperature. In the water removal apparatus (525) including at least one stream of water wet disposal stream (590) output from the wet hydrocarbon stream to a second temperature. Effluent stream (560) from the water removal means (525) is discharged and flows further heat exchanger (535), said effluent stream comprising hydrocarbon stream has been removed at least one jet wet wet disposal stream (590) is. At least one strand refrigerant stream (210) also flows to the further heat exchanger (535), and the effluent stream (560) and the refrigerant stream (210) in the further heat exchanger (535) cooled by exchange with evaporating refrigerant fraction (230) by indirect heat. Effluent stream (560) is heated by a wet hydrocarbon stream (510) by indirect heat exchange, wherein the wet hydrocarbon stream is cooled (510) comprises the indirect heat exchange.


In this article a contribution to the so-called limit point bifurcation is given. In the paper [4] by Decker and Keller a bifurcation or branching phenomenon which they call multiple limit point bifurcation has been shown for equations T(A,x) = 0 with real parameter A. If one has a solution (A*, x') of equation T(A,x) = 0, then one speaks from a limit point if the Fréchet derivative T(A°,x°) is singular and TA(A°,x°) is not in the range ofT(A°,x°). Here a method will be given, which generalizes the notion of limit point to that what is called (c,n)-limit point. This makes it possible to handle equations of the form T(u,x) = 0 which may have u as a Banach space valued parameter. This equation with singular operator T(u°,x°) may be "embedded" in a larger system with a linearization, which is non-singular and hence to which an implicit function theorem can apply. An estimation for the number of branching solutions of this new system is given.


The current study attempts to investigate the use of suggestion strategies among Yemeni learners of English at private universities. The participants of the study were 41 undergraduate students from English Department in the three private universities. The data were collected using a Discourse Completion Test (DCT). They were analyzed according to the models proposed by Martinez Flor. (2005), whose analytical framework classified suggestion strategies into three types: direct, conventionalized forms, and indirect. The results of the current study revealed that Yemeni learners of English at private universities almost tend to use the same types of suggestion strategies in the six situations with slight differences in their percentages. The results showed that there are three types of suggesting strategies used by the students namely; direct suggestion56.5%, conventionalized form 24.4%, and indirect suggestion 19.1%. Moreover, the results indicated that there are no significant statistical differences in the use of suggestion strategies according to the participants of the three universities. However, the results of the study showed that there is a slight difference in favor of Al-Nasser University in situation one and for the National University in situation four.


Patrolling games were recently introduced to model the problem of protecting the nodes of a network from an attack. Time is discrete and in each time unit the Patroller can stay at the same node or move to an adjacent node. The Attacker chooses when to attack and which node to attack and needs m consecutive time units to carry it out. The Attacker wins if the Patroller does not visit the chosen node while it is being attacked; otherwise, the Patroller wins. This paper studies the patrolling game where the network is a line graph of n nodes, which models the problem of guarding a channel or protecting a border from infiltration. We solve the patrolling game for any values of m and n, providing an optimal Patroller strategy, an optimal Attacker strategy, and the value of the game (optimal probability that the attack is intercepted).


Mining co-location patterns from spatial databases may disclose the types of spatial features which are likely located as neighbours in space. Accordingly, we presented an algorithm previously for mining spatially co-located moving objects using spatial data mining techniques and Prim's Algorithm. In the previous technique, the scanning of database to mine the spatial co-location patterns took much computational cost. In order to reduce the computation time, in this work, we make use of R-tree that is spatial data structure to mine the spatial co-location patterns. The important step presented in the approach is that the transformation of spatial data into the compact format that is well-suitable to mine the patterns. According to, we have adapted the R-tree structure that converts the spatial data with the feature into the transactional data format. Then, the prominent pattern mining algorithm, FP growth is used to mine the spatial co-location patterns from the converted format of data. Finally, the performance of the proposed technique is compared with the previous technique in terms of time and memory usage. From the results, we can ensure that the proposed technique outperformed of about more than 50 % of previous algorithm in time and memory usage.


Iron and Steel. The Powder Metallurgy Process. Iron and Steel Powders. Powder Shaping. Compaction. Sintering Behavior. Production Sintering Operations. Full--Density Processing. Heat Treatment. Finishing Operations. Properties. Design Considerations. Products. Appendices. Index.


ABSTRACT Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and reducing capacity (RC) in relation to compost stability and quality were studied. The results show that grape prunings, husks and seeds compost and vine branches compost were nearly stabilized after 120 days of composting. The CEC of the vine branches compost (23.1–66.5 cmol kg−1) and the grape prunings, husks and seeds compost (98.3–138.7 cmol kg−1) was high during that period. Their reduction power was low and the quality of these composts was very good. The CEC of sawdust composts was noticeably lower (2.9–14.4 cmol kg−1) after 180 days. After 360 days of composting they were nearly stabilized and the CEC drastically increased (80.9–83.8 cmol kg−1). The reduction power of the sawdust composts was high during one full year and they could be applied to the soil with precautions within this period. Next to the cation exchange capacity the reducing capacity appeared to be a reliable and important criterion for compost quality, especially with respect to the prote...


In this article, the author presents the continuation of his research into the practicalities related to the implementation of a new educational model at an institution, sub-institution, school, department, etc, based on a project approach. The article is a part of an overall strategy of writing papers in a series called the pieces of the puzzle strategy. In this particular article, the author focuses on how an institution or sub-institution implements a new educational model based on a project approach. The author gives an example of a possible flow in the process of change; this flow is divided into three phases and a final state. To further support the implementation, the author advances a possible action plan related to the development of staff in their preparation to start a new educational approach. The basis for the article is the author's considerable experience as a facilitator of change at universities in many countries, and the empirical data gathered through this work is summarised in this article.


Abstract. The objective of present study was to study the diversity of macrozoobenthos in Kuala Gigieng estuary, Aceh Besar. The study was conducted in June 2011. The random sampling method was used to determine the area and sampling points based on tidal activities. Samples were taken with the Eckmann grab, then identified at Marine Biological Laboratory of Marine Science Department. The results showed that there were three class of macrozoobenhos (Malacostraca, Gastropoda, and bivalves) within 12 species of makrozoobenthos occured in Kuala Gigieng. The Shannon-Wienner diversity index (H') at high tide, mean sea level, and low tide were 1.26, 1.446, and 1.892, respectively, and it was categorized as low level. Keywords. Diversity, Makcrozoobenthos, Gigieng estuary


The vision of the Semantic Web [BLHL01] aims at putting machine-understandable data on the WWW where data can be shared and processed by automated tools as well as by people to enable integration and provide various web-based services. There is a growing need to provide security and ensure Quality of Service to such data primarily because of its transient nature and secondly because it traverses between multiple subsystems having varying requirements of security and quality.
SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language) [Aya01] is an XML-like language for authoring multimedia documents. Unlike XML decorated text data, SMIL constructs have semantics that predate XML, because of the continuity and synchronization requirements pertaining to continuous media that are used to convey the intended meaning.
But the problem is that different syntactic representations could provide the same meaning at application runtimes. Furthermore, although considerable research has been done on the security of textual XML documents, the current SMIL specification and SMIL Metainformation Module [Mic01] do not define or support security and QoS constructs, nor do they provide syntax to define complex relations within multimedia documents to ensure proper semantic interpretation at application runtime.
Therefore in envisioning the Semantic web this dissertation identifies the protection object and represents it as an normal form that conveys the same semantics invariant to its many syntactic variations. It also defines the runtime operational semantics for SMIL, and a meta-structure and the related metadata to model security and QoS specifications. Traditional access control methods in various paradigms such as mandatory, discretionary and role-based are enforced by decorating SMIL documents in their normal form with the metadata thereby eliminating the dependency on the syntax of the language.
This work defines architectures for web-based surveillance applications (such as physical facilities, highway traffic etc) that require selective distribution of live and unfolding information as multimedia streams to recipients with display devices, be cause of their varying security credentials. Other contributions of this research are improvements in coordinated response mechanisms for facility and traffic emergencies with the use live surveillance feed, pay-per-view movies over the internet and authorization models for digital libraries.
Finally an very important contribution is the definition and usability of Unbreakable SMIL Constructs that in addition with regular SMIL constructs facilitate the creation of robust and self-describing multimedia documents. They avoid unintended or malicious mixing and matching of various media components that could lead to faulty information or wrongful incrimination due to fabrication of evidence.


The road transportation sector consumes large amounts of energy and is an important source of exhaust pollutants which accelerate the formation of fog and haze.Heavy fog affects normal traffic operations,and countermeasures such as intermittent vehicle release onto the freeway also affect the energy usage and pollutant emissions.A method was developed to determine the optimal countermeasures to minimize energy usage and vehicle emissions based on a CA model of the impact of various intermittent release patterns on the energy usage and vehicle emissions,.The results show that the limits on the intermittent vehicle release rate are related to the traffic volume and safety requirements.The lower boundary of the interval minimizes the energy usage and the CO and NOxemissions.


We present the first-ever measurements of the surface colours and rotational properties of a recently discovered distant object 2016 ND21 on an unusual orbit. Although this object has a cometary orbit, it does not reveal any signs of cometary activity during our observations. The behaviour of the lightcurve suggests a complex and possibly non-convex shape of 2016 ND21. The measured colours indicate an extremely red surface of this object, that are consistent with colours of the ultrared Centaurs and Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs).


Steel slag is considered a by-product of the steel industry and its reuse is a strategy for environmental protection, since it consists of potential polluting materials. Its main applications involve the use of large quantities of the raw material, but the extraction of ores in smaller proportions can be attractive. For example, magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) may be of great interest for its magnetic properties in the production of composites with different applications. On the other hand, rare earth elements (REE) production is vital for new technologies and since traces of the different REE are found in most iron ores, their extraction can be conducted together. However, previous characterization of the slag is necessary; since they vary in mineralogical composition conform to steelmaking operations. Classical characterization techniques of ores such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) may be limited to characterize small fractions of materials. Therefore, in this study, neutron activation analysis was used as the characterization technique to confirm the presence of iron and REE in the slag. The steel slag composite sample of the Linz-Donawitz (LD) process was collected in a steelwork localized in the Iron Quadrangle, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The steel slag sample was characterized by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), using the nuclear research reactor TRIGA MARK I IPR-R1. The results are compared with the characterizations made with XRD and SEM-EDS. Although XRD and EDS results indicated the presence of magnetite in a small proportion, INAA was decisive confirming the presence of REE in the mineralogical composition of the composite sample collected.


Abstract Targeted improvement of the low efficiency of water oxidation during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is severely hindered by insufficient knowledge of the electrocatalytic mechanism on heterogeneous surfaces. We chose LiMn2O4 as a model system for mechanistic investigations as it shares the cubane structure with the active site of photosystem II and the valence of Mn3.5+ with the dark‐stable S1 state in the mechanism of natural photosynthesis. The investigated LiMn2O4 nanoparticles are electrochemically stable in NaOH electrolytes and show respectable activity in any of the main metrics. At low overpotential, the key mechanistic parameters of Tafel slope, Nernst slope, and reaction order have constant values on the RHE scale of 62(1) mV dec−1, 1(1) mV pH−1, −0.04(2), respectively. These values are interpreted in the context of the well‐studied mechanism of natural photosynthesis. The uncovered difference in the reaction sequence is important for the design of efficient bio‐inspired electrocatalysts.


Abstract The Reed Report on psychopathic disorder cautiously recommended the introduction of a new sentencing instrument, the 'hybrid order' (HO). By joining a hospital order to a prison tariff, it argued that the HO might overcome psychiatric resistance to taking psychopaths for treatment. The Home Office now proposes hybrid orders for all mentally disordered offenders, including the seriously mentally ill, on criteria of appropriate punishment and public protection. In the absence of restrictive sentencing guidelines from the Court of Appeal such orders will be widely used and will alter the relationship between psychiatry and the courts. The proposal challenges the 'health need' basis of judicial consideration of mentally disordered offenders and replaces it with an acceptance of the punishment of the mentally ill. It is the most important challenge to confront modern British forensic psychiatry.


Method for graphene oxide comprising the steps of: a) adding an acid and a salt with graphite to obtain a graphite oxide; b) exfoliating graphite oxide mixing; wherein steps a) and b) are performed simultaneously in a high shear mixer at a rate exceeding 1000 rpm rotation.


A total of 74 bacteria strains were isolated from rhizosphere of healthy banana.Among those strains,isolate S-1 showed strong antifungal activity against growth of pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubens,which caused banana fusarium wilt disease.In vitro condition,the relative inhibited efficiency of hyphal growth was above 76.6%.Isolate S-1 showed a wide range of antagonism against pathogens,such as F.oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici,Curvularia lunata,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,F.oxysporium f.sp.vasinfectum,Verticillium dahliae,Gibberella zeae,and F.oxysporum f.sp.niveum.The strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis by Biolog analysis.16S rDNA sequence showed that isolate S-1 shared 100% homology with published sequence of B.subtilis. The optimal cultural conditions for isolate S-1 were media of PYTG or PDA,and the pH 7.8-8.0,temperature 26-30℃,cultural time 40-48 h.