Nascimento, WV. Differences in timing between functional swallows of older adults at risk for dysphagia and healthy older and young adults. 96p. [Thesis] Ribeirão Preto Medical School-USP. Ribeirão Preto -SP, 2018. Introduction: As with other functions, the aging process can cause changes in swallowing, even in asymptomatic individuals. Purpose: 1. To determine whether timing measures for swallows from healthy older adults differ from comparison measures for healthy young adults. 2. To determine whether timing measures for functional swallows from older adults at risk of dysphagia differ from comparison measures for healthy older adults. 3 To determine whether differences in timing explain the occurrence of transient penetration of material into the airway (Penetration-Aspiration Scale scores of 2) in any of these groups. Method: Duplicate blinded ratings were obtained for swallows of 20%w/v thin liquid barium collected under videofluoroscopy at 30 frames/s from 17 healthy older adults, aged 60-84 (12 women). Swallows were compared to data from a retrospective dataset collected in 20 healthy young adults aged 2245 (10 women) and functional swallows (Penetration-Aspiration Scale scores <3) of 11 older adults at risk for dysphagia, aged 62-87 (3 women). Eight timing measures were studied, including parameters related to swallow response, bolus transit, laryngeal vestibule closure and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) function. We used linear mixed model repeated measures ANOVAs to explore the hypothesis that swallow timing measures would be longer in the older adults than in young adults, and even longer in the older adults at risk for dysphagia. Results: Consistent with the hypotheses, significantly longer swallow reaction time, UES opening (UESO) duration, the interval from laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) to UESO (p<0.01) and the interval following UESO to maximum pharyngeal constriction (MPC) were seen in the healthy older participants compared to the young healthy controls. Furthermore, a significantly longer interval from the onset of hyoid movement to UES opening, and longer laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (LVCRT), (p<0.01) were seen in the older participants at risk of dysphagia in comparison with healthy older adults. Also, this group presented longer intervals from LVC to UES opening and from maximum pharyngeal constriction to UES closure. For both the healthy young group and the healthy elderly group, in cases where transient penetration of material into the laryngeal vestibule was seen, laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time was longer and laryngeal vestibule closure occurred late, after UES opening. For both the healthy elderly group and elderly at risk of dysphagia, when penetration was observed, a shorter interval from hyoid onset to upper esophageal sphincter opening was seen. Also, laryngeal vestibule closure was late and there was a longer LVC to UESO interval when penetration occurred. Finally, laryngeal vestibule closure duration was shorter in case of penetration in the elderly group at risk of dysphagia Conclusions: Longer swallow timing measures, in general, distinguish swallows in healthy older adults from swallows in young healthy adults, and in older adults at risk of dysphagia from healthy older adults. In cases of transient penetration, laryngeal vestibule closure was delayed.


The main objective of carrying out stability studies of the drug product is to establish shelf life of drug during storage. Stability of drug is defined as "The capability of a particular formulation in a specific container/closed system, to remain within its physical, chemical, microbiological, therapeutic, and toxicological specifications throughout its shelf life". As mentioned in the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline Q1A (R2), stability studies are commonly the activity on the critical path to regulatory filing and approval. Stability studies are of different types and different methods are useful for the determination of stability like real-time stability testing, accelerated stability testing, retained sample stability testing and cyclic temperature stress testing. pH and temperature are the main factors influencing the stability of the drug. The pH-rate profile (log(k)vs pH) is the pH dependence of the specific rate constant of degradation of compounds. Forced degradation includes deterioration of new drug substances and products at more severe conditions than the accelerated conditions and it indicates the accuracy of stability-indicating methods. The different conditions applied during the forced degradation include hydrolytic, oxidation, photolytic and thermal stress etc. The techniques utilized for evaluation of stability studies can be LC-MS/MS, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS, HPLC-UV, HPTLC, TLC, LC-NMR etc. amongst them some techniques shows high sensitivity and resolution power to establish more effective stability-indicating method while for shelf life estimation of drugs and products the different methods mentioned are FDA's method, the direct method, inverse method, simulation results and Garret and Carper method. Thus stability testing of pharmaceutical products inputs specific scheme in the evolution of a new drug as well as new formulation.


Out-of-home placement is the last option considered when reasonable efforts to protect a child in his or her own home have been exhausted by OCS. The first preference considered in all out-of-home placements for a child or youth is a relative's home. When it is exhausted by OCS. The first preference considered in all out-of-home placements for a child or youth is a relative's home. When it is not possible to place a child with a relative it is necessary to place the child in a licensed foster home. Residential care facilities may offer short-term emergency shelter as well as more long-term residential treatment. A single child may experience more than one setting type in a given month.


Straw yield is huge in China, and is not fully utilized. It has caused great waste of resources. Bluegreen algae outbreak results in serious environmental pollution. So it is a good way to use the energy by mixing them in fermentation to produce biogas. In this experiment, rice straw and Microcystis aeruginosa were selected as anaerobic fermentation materials to produce biogas with the help of the activated sludge for 100 d, which were inoculated with strain LX1 and strain LX3 as two kinds of cellulose degrading bacteria at 37℃, C / N ratio being 27 ∶1, p H 7. The degrading effects of two different cellulose degradation bacteria were compared by gas production as a measure of degradation. The experimental results showed that experimental group A with strain LX1 quickly produced the most gas production. The total gas production reached 47 544 m L, while the total gas production in the control group was only 32 485 m L. Strain LX3 also had a certain effect on the fermentation. The total volume of gas production in group C mixed with two kinds of strains was 39 628 m L.


The article deals with local injection therapy (LIT) in arthrological practice, the purpose of which is the introduction of a drug into the joint cavity or periarticularly, removal of excess synovial fluid from the joint cavity with subsequent analysis of its composition for differential diagnosis and decision-making on treatment tactics. The most commonly used in LIT are glucocorticoids, hyaluronic acid (GlK), autologous platelet-rich plasma. The method of introducing GLA into the joint cavity is considered by experts as a promising method for the treatment of osteoarthritis, the most common chronic joint disease. GlK-based preparations differ in concentration, molecular weight and production method. The article presents the results of studies using high- or low-molecular drugs GlK in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, hip and small joints. Attention is drawn to the fact that LIT with GlK preparations is used in the treatment of other diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Data are presented, including those of Russian authors, on the effectiveness of GlK in OA of the shoulder joints, in the syndrome of compression of the shoulder rotators. Thus, the restoration of range of motion and a significant reduction in pain in the shoulder area was achieved against the background of the use of 3 to 5 injections of the GlK preparation produced in the Russian Federation by bacterial fermentation. The unique production technology of the GlK preparation makes it possible to reduce the risk of bacterial endotoxins, completely purify the solution from hyaluronidase, increase homogeneity, and preserve the molecular weight. On the basis of the obtained evidence of efficacy and safety, HLA preparations are included by various medical associations and professional communities in Russian and international clinical guidelines for the treatment of OA.


In this study naturally growing morphological variation of Lilium tsingtauense (Korean wheel lily), from southern Chung San Island to northern Mount Seorak, was investigated in 16 habitats around the country. Morphological analysis revealed that this species had its own unique characteristics in different habitats. Flowers with luster are in actinomorphic form, with shades of orange, each plant having an average of 2.4 flowers that blossom upward. The shape of flower petals was from oval to oblong. The width of the petals, which determines the shape of the flower, significantly varied among regions. Flower petals showed purple spots and its occurrence greatly varied among plants from almost none to 300 spots per flower. In addition, when the number of spots increased, the flower color was more vivid. Leaves were typically one-tiered verticillate and most of the leaves were long, oval and some were lanceolate. Young leaves showed definitive patterns that faded during growth. Starting from the verticillate leaves, stems below the leaves were smooth, although 81% of all stems, above the verticillate leaves, showed rough micro-protrusions. Bulb shapes were long and vertically elliptical. The ramentum was light yellow in color and the base was darker, with the color fading toward the upper region of the plant. The shape of the ramentum was long, with a pointy end, and its adhesiveness was weak. This study offers basic fundamental information for the effective exploitation and recognition of L. tsingtauense resources as a potential cut flower and potting plant in floral trade worldwide.


Abstract The organization of space and working conditions is very important in terms of its effectiveness. Each professional work determines activities that support occupational safety and health at the workplace. Lack of proper working conditions but also the time of exposure to dangerous, burdensome or harmful factors has an impact on the effectiveness of the work performed. Lack of balance between work and leisure in turn results in a decrease in work efficiency. The scientific and didactic work of academic teachers is related to the occurrence of diversified occupational hazards with particular emphasis on those that are the cause of musculoskeletal disorders. In this elaboration, the research, analysis and evaluation of the work effectiveness of academic teachers have been carried out. A questionnaire and a direct interview have been used as a research method. In addition, the pain intensity in individual parts of the body has been assessed in the last 12 months depending on the age of research and teaching staff using the NMQ questionnaire (Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire). For the purposes of the study, the survey was supplemented with the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) scale to assess the severity of pain. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the frequency and severity of musculoskeletal pain in academic teachers with regard to the effectiveness of their work


To investigate the propagation of action potentials in a sinoatrial node a software package IIDDI2 was created. This package was used to investigate abnormal propagation of action potentials in a nodal fiber and in a continous two-dimensional sheet of a nodo. Abnormalities were caused by acetylcholine blockade and calcium blocking drugs.


Background Complex human diseases are defined not only by sophisticated patterns of genetic variants/mutations upstream but also by many interplaying genes, RNAs, and proteins downstream. Analyzing multiple genomic and functional genomic data types to determine a short list of genes or molecules of interest is a common task called "gene prioritization" in biology. There are many statistical, biological, and bioinformatic methods developed to perform gene prioritization tasks. However, little research has been conducted to examine the relationships among the technique used, merged/separate use of each data modality, the gene list's network/pathway context, and various gene ranking/expansions. Methods We introduce a new analytical framework called "Gene Ranking and Iterative Prioritization based on Pathways" (GRIPP) to prioritize genes derived from different modalities. Multiple data sources, such as CBioPortal, PAGER, and COSMIC were used to compile the initial gene list. We used the PAGER software to expand the gene list based on biological pathways and the BEERE software to construct protein-protein interaction networks that include the gene list to rank order genes. We produced a final gene list for each data modality iteratively from an initial draft gene list, using glioblastoma multiform (GBM) as a case study. Conclusion We demonstrated that GBM gene lists obtained from three modalities (differential gene expressions, gene mutations, and copy number alterations) and several data sources could be iteratively expanded and ranked using GRIPP. While integrating various modalities of data can be useful to generate an integrated ranked gene list related to any specific disease, the integration may also decrease the overall significance of ranked genes derived from specific data modalities. Therefore, we recommend carefully sorting and integrating gene lists according to each modality, such as gene mutations, epigenetic controls, or differential expressions, to procure modality-specific biological insights into the prioritized genes.


Purpose: Successful radioimmunotherapy strategies depend on selecting radioisotopes with physical properties complementary to the biological properties of the targeting vehicle. Small, engineered antitumor antibody fragments are capable of rapid, highly specific tumor targeting in immunodeficient mouse models. We hypothesized that the C6.5 diabody, a noncovalent anti-HER2 single-chain Fv dimer, would be an ideal radioisotope carrier for the radioimmunotherapy of established tumors using the short-lived α-emitting radioisotope 211At. Experimental Design: Immunodeficient nude mice bearing established HER2/neu–positive MDA-MB-361/DYT2 tumors treated with N-succinimidyl N-(4-[211At]astatophenethyl)succinamate (211At-SAPS)-C6.5 diabody. Additional cohorts of mice were treated with 211At-SAPS T84.66 diabody targeting the carcinoembryonic antigen or 211At-SAPS on a diabody specific for the Müllerian inhibiting substance type II receptor, which is minimally expressed on this tumor cell line. Results: A single i.v. injection of 211At-SAPS C6.5 diabody led to a 30-day delay in tumor growth when a 20 μCi dose was administered and a 57-day delay in tumor growth (60% tumor-free after 1 year) when a 45 μCi dose was used. Treatment of mice bearing the same tumors with 211At-SAPS T84.66 diabody at the same doses led to a delay in tumor growth, but no complete responses, likely due to substantially lower expression of this antigen on the MDA-MB-361/DYT2 tumors. In contrast, a dose of 20 μCi of 211At-SAPS on the anti–Müllerian-inhibiting substance type II receptor diabody did not affect tumor growth rate, demonstrating specificity of the therapeutic effect. Conclusions: These findings indicate that diabody molecules can be effective agents for targeted radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors using powerful, short-lived α-emitting radioisotopes.


Cerium dioxide has high refractive index and dielectric constant and ultraviolet absorption which may be useful for various optical and electronic applications. Cerium dioxide thin films were deposited on glass substrates using R. F. magnetron sputtering. A cerium dioxide target was used for sputtering and films were deposited at various substrate temperature under different sputtering power. The CeO2 thin films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.


We measured PT, TT, KPTT, Fg, vWF, AT-IIIAg, AT-IIIA, alpha 2M, TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PLg, tPAAg, tPAA and PAI of patients with acute onset of chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, and cor pulmonale. The results were that many above parameter had a worsening tendency along with deterioration of COPD, and Fg, vWF, TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, tPAA and PAI were more sensitive than others. The analysis of multiple liner regression of 22 blood items in patients with cor pulmonale showed that pH, PaO2, PaCO2 had correlation with many items of prethrombotic state. We consider that in the progress of COPD, prethrombotic state gradually appeared and aggravated. The causes may be related with repeatedly infections, low O2, high CO2 and imbalance of acid-base equilibrium.


Aim: In this study, we investigated and compared the effect of different types of dissector (Maryland vs Hook) on changes in liver function tests (LFTs) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients & methods: The enrolled patients were divided into two groups. Group A patients underwent dissection by Maryland dissecting forceps, group B by Hook dissecting instrument. LFTs were measured preoperatively and at 1 day and 1 week, postoperatively. Results: For both Maryland and Hook dissection, the 1-day postoperative values for total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly higher than the preoperative values. Also, there were no statistical differences between Hook and Maryland. Conclusion: The elevation of LFTs seems to be attributed to other factors.


We report on the static magnetic field dependence of the random telegraph signal in a submicrometer silicon $n$-metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. Using intense magnetic fields and low temperatures, we find that the characteristic time ratio changes by three orders of magnitude when the field increases from $0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}12\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$. Similar behavior is found when the static field is either in plane or perpendicular to the two-dimensional electron gas. The experimental data deviate from a pure exponential trend and can be explained by considering a model that includes the triplet state of the trapping center and the polarization of the channel electron gas.


The invention relates to a milling coating hard alloy and a preparation method thereof. The hard alloy is prepared by mixing 82 to 92 weight percent of tungsten carbide powder, 10 to 12 weight percent of metal cobalt powder and 1 to 3 weight percent of tantalum carbide powder, wherein the tungsten carbide powder is tungsten carbide powder of which the particle size is between 4 and 6 mu m and thetotal carbon is between 6.08 and 6.13 percent; and the metal cobalt powder and the tantalum carbide powder are ordinary metal cobalt powder and tantalum carbide powder. The method for preparing the milling coating hard alloy comprises the following steps of: adding the metal cobalt powder and the tantalum carbide powder into the tantalum carbide powder of which the particle size is between 4 and 6 mu m and the total carbon is between 6.08 and 6.13 percent to prepare a mixture; performing compression molding and vacuum sintering on the mixture to prepare a high-intensity and high-toughness hard alloy substrate which consists of 10 to 13 weight percent of the metal cobalt powder, 1 to 3 weight percent of the tantalum carbide powder and 84 to 89 weight percent of the tungsten carbide powder;and performing grinding machining and cutting edge rounding treatment on the hard alloy substrate and performing physical vapor deposition (PVD) super nitrogen-titanium-aluminum-nitrogen coating treatment.


The generalized Newton variational method is applied to the static-exchange approximation of the electron--hydrogen-atom scattering. Slater-type basis functions are employed to expand the amplitude density. Spurious singularities are encountered in both scattering processes. The width of the unphysical singularities is broader in the case of singlet scattering. Anomalous poles appear in narrow regions of the scale parameter and are in evident correlation with the zeros of the determinant of the free-particle Green's operator. As a by-product, simple least-squares extension of the generalized Newton variational method is developed in order to avoid spurious singularities and to recognize whether or not the convergence is of secondary nature.


Historically, a mission of social tions than to economic inequities work has been to provide services to and that poverty is the prime source the poor. Victimized by racism, income of mental illness and social dysfunc maldistribution, social inequities, and tion.3 A major implication of ethno the lack of social opportunities, blacks methodological findings is that social and other ethnic minorities are a major work efforts to deal with the prob segment of the poor in the United lems of ethnic minorities must in states. For example, blacks constitute corporate, to a greater degree than in one-third of the poor in this country the past, "macro" aspects of social and Hispanics constitute one-fifth.1 work practice.4 These change-oriented To become more effective in serving strategies must be directed toward blacks and other ethnic minorities, soboth individual betterment and social cial workers must enlarge their underchange, and they must emphasize so standing of ethnicity and its influence cial equality, social justice, new in on the need for and utilization of human stitutional structures, and the redis services.2 tribution of wealth and resources. Ethnomethodology is the study of This article discusses the effects of the patterned, socially transmitted ethnicity and cultural pluralism on so life-styles of cultural and social groups. cial work practice, arguing that ethnic It can help social workers understand ity should be recognized as an inter how the problems of ethnic minorities vening variable. It then proposes that are related less to intrapsychic condisocial workers use the methods and perspectives of ethnomethodology to Robert O. Washington, Ph.D., is Dean, expand their understanding of the way College of Social Work, Ohio State poor ethnics, particularly those of University, Columbus. color, view the world and approach problems. The final sections of the arti cle explore the issues this enhanced appreciation of ethnicity raises for so cial work, particularly the importance of social change.


This study is a sequential multi-methods research effort which examines the issue of equality in Chinese higher education after the recent expansion, and explores how educational equality has been shaped by policies which reflected the shifting value orientations of the government since 1949. Quantitative methods were used to discover the current patterns of educational equality. The dataset is derived from a survey carried out under a project supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Logistic regressions were conducted to discover the relations between students' social background characteristics and their likelihood of studying in different part of the differentiated higher education system. The findings show that while overall access has increased greatly, advantaged groups have maintained their advantage in gaining entry to higher status universities and attractive disciplines. The study went deeper to explore the changing patterns of educational equality through historical analysis of policy using the lens of culture, since social phenomena are context-based and culture is a deep yet decisive force which has previously been given inadequate attention in relation to this issue. Applying a multidisciplinary approach, an indigenous analytical framework was developed which identified six dimensions of culture relating to educational equality, and Chinese cultural values were then organized along these dimensions. This framework was used to explain the results of the quantitative analysis at a deeper level. It was also used to construct ideal types of elitism and populism as a means of analyzing the historical process of policy change. The study found that policies regarding educational equality swung between these


This paper establishes the MCAI courseware evaluation system in sports technical class using the method of literature,expert interview and mathematical statistics.It includes operation,technology,science and teaching,twenty items of second evaluation indexes.At the same time,evaluation standard is established.


1. Expanding factors into additional categories to reflect the assumed current mortality rate risk exposure period over the remaining lifetime of an inforce block of business. 2. Adding two catastrophe components for a) terrorism (expressed as a 5% annual probability of an extra 0.05 deaths per 1,000), and b) the risk of a sustained mortality increase from an unknown event (expressed as a 2.5% annual probability of a 5% sustained mortality increase). These two new components are in addition to the pandemic component previously included. 3. Combining the current middle two size categories into one category.


Abstract : The genus Mastichodendron as established by Cronquist consists of a small group of closely related species native to southern Florida, the West Indies, and Central America. The hard, heavy, fine-textured woods typically have a yellowish cast. Anatomically they are characterized by reticulate-diffuse parenchyma and an abundance of two-sized crystals in the parenchyma and wood rays. Silica is lacking. (Author)


Neuromuscular diseases as a consequence of brain damage are complex phenomena involving disuse, immobility, brain tissue remodeling and cortical function remapping. They may have various causes and strike any part of the population. The vicious circle leading to a worsening of the patients' conditions proceeds through muscle shortening by contractures, disruption of the normal reflex behavior and sensory problems, development of spasticity [1]. Physical rehabilitation alone or in association with surgery or pharmacological treatments can be useful in limiting those degenerations. Besides manual rehabilitation, splints and braces are prescribed to control the limb posture and obtain stretching of the muscles. The role of those orthoses is to maintain the paretic limb in a set 'physiological' position and let it relax into that posture, in an attempt to reduce muscle rigidity and contractures. However applying a fixed constraint to the limb and waiting for relaxation to take place, may cause discomfort, pain, skin rash, and sundry different complications [2]. Also, any residual voluntary movement is prevented by a fixed-angle splinting. In addition, all these negative characteristics limit tolerability and daily application times. This work presents a different way to promote limb repositioning, based on the application of NiTi-alloy-based dynamic splints, which favor mobility and any residual use of the affected limb. Furthermore it suggests that application of mild contact forces prolonged in time has the advantage of feeling less painful and uncomfortable for the patients, improving overall treatment tolerability.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


This was the sixth consecutive year that the International Pacifi c Halibut Commission's (IPHC) profi ler project collected oceanographic data from southern Oregon northward to British Columbia, into the Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, and Aleutian Islands, during the IPHC stock assessment survey. In addition to the standard setline survey stations, 133 survey stations were added in IPHC Areas 2A and 4A in order to expand the survey's depth range. The profi lers were deployed at the shallow and standard stations, but not in waters below 500 m due to instrument limitations. Additionally, the northern California expansion that was initiated in 2013 continued this year, resulting in 27 stations fi shed there, and 14 stations were fi shed in the Salish Sea, Washington. The IPHC has been operating profi lers since 2000 on a limited basis and coastwide since 2009. A total of 1,267 successful casts were made this year out of a possible 1,394. Background


Against a backdrop of the persistence of coloniality through structural forms of privilege and bias across socioeconomic manifestations, inequality and racial stratification of labour in South Africa, creative activism offers a lens, voice and perspective of sex workers. We relate these glimpses to rehumanisation and re-membering, challenging historically distinct modes of turning humans into objects as part of decolonial possibilities. We seek to make decolonization a praxis of making human and hence we ask two central questions: what provocations arise from aesthetics of creative activism? And what might rehumanizing/re-membering concretely mean? We consider these questions through an analysis of the activism, exhibitions and performance with participant sex workers that formed part of the GlobalGRACE project launch in South Africa. Ultimately, we argue that art practices fundamentally engage the imagination and open up possibilities for re-imagining, re-storying and re-centering marginalized knowledges.


The paper uses Visual LISP to develop the AutoCAD secondarily, develops the program of the dimension of parts' serial number, and integrates the library with circumstance of AutoCAD 2000.


The definitive guide to accessible travel for those who use a wheelchair, walker, or cane or have any physical ailment that may slow down their gait. It is a well researched resource that contains detailed information about the logistics of planning accessible travel by plane, train, bus and ship.


The prospects of detection of HC deposits in the Timano-Pecherskaya province contact fossil reefs in carbonate sediments by Ust-Pechora (Upper Devonian). The interpretation of gravitational anomalies was directed on revealing and mapping of reefs and connected by them decompactions – potential HC traps. The prospects of the decision of this task were estimated proceeding from results of researches of gravita-tional fields above buried reefs in various oil-bearing areas. Revealed thus by the numerous researchers of law of display of reefs in gravitational fields testify as to potential opportunities of gravity by searches of buried reefs, and allow to make a choice of techniques of interpretation of a gravitational anomalies.


This paper presents a new algorithm for the solution of the steady Euler equations in two-dimensional flow. It uses an upwind control volume approach in which a standard flux residual on triangular cells is distributed with a downwind bias. The resulting scheme is second order accurate on unstructured triangular meshes and produces sharp shocks without the addition of any shock smoothing. Results demonstrate its performance on a standard AGARD test case using both smooth and irregular unstructured meshes.


Luriculus australiensis, gen. et sp, nov., from a sandy, exposed ocean beach at Arrawarra Headland, north of Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia, is described on the basis of light and electron microscopic investigations. The establishment of the new genus Luriculus is based on the presence of germovitellaria, rather than discrete organs. Lurus castor Sterrer & Rieger, 1990, Lurus tyndareus Sterrer & Rieger, 1990, and Lurus minos Sterrer, 1992, are transferred to this genus.


Working as a volunteer is a widespread phenomenon that has both individual and societal benefits. In this paper, we identify the wage returns to working for free by exploiting exogenous variation in rainfall across local area districts in England, Scotland and Wales. Instrumental variables estimates reveal large returns for both men and women. However, the returns are differentially greater for men and account for a substantial proportion of the gender earnings gap. A comparison of OLS and IV estimates also indicates negative selection into volunteering for both genders. In a model of optimal volunteering, negative selection implies that a reduction in the cost of volunteering will lead to an expanded and higher-skilled pool of volunteers, and greater societal benefits. A policy that has the effect of reducing the cost relatively more for women may also narrow the gender earnings gap.


ABSTRACT This paper intends to simulate a simple artificial society divided into two populations: criminal and non-criminal. The time evolution of the system is modeled using a set of differential equations, borrowing relevant features from the prey-predator, epidemic spread, and harvesting models. Each population can switch type upon interaction. The stability and equilibrium points of this system are examined, concluding that harvesting and interaction rates play an important role in the evolution of the system toward different stable equilibria between populations, which eventually coalesce into one. The results indicate that as long as the harvesting and conversion rates remain sufficiently small, the criminal population thrives. However, when either of the two crosses a certain value, the criminal population becomes extinct.


This paper examines the relationship between human generated tags describing different parts of the same song. These tags were collected using Amazon's Mechanical Turk service. We find that the agreement between different people's tags decreases as the distance between the parts of a song that they heard increases. To model these tags and these relationships, we describe a conditional restricted Boltzmann machine. Using this model to fill in tags that should probably be present given a context of other tags, we train automatic tag classifiers (autotaggers) that outperform those trained on the original data.


A new multilayer six-port circuit using an ultra-wideband directional coupler is presented and implemented. The use of multilayer technology allows having a compact circuit and very large bandwidth. To validate this concept, a six-port prototype was fabricated and measured. Simulation and measurement results show the proposed six-port circuit can easily operate over an ultra-wide band from 4 to 7 GHz.


When it's not clogged with protestors or full of summer concertgoers, the National Mall in Washington, D.C. is often overrun by softball players. Every year, staffers from dozens of congressional offices and nonprofit organizations field teams to compete in the annual summer league. As you might expect, there are some great rivalries—it's rumored that elected officials regularly bet on the outcome of some high profile matchups. Like the institutions they represent, the softball teams are buttressed by the influx of thousands of interns that flock to Washington every summer.


Iodine, tellurium, and mercury ate complexes have been characterized as intermediates in the PhLi/Ph n M (M=I, Te, Hg) exchange reaction in THF solution at low temperatures. Monomeric phenyllithium is the reactive species in the Li/I and Li/Te exchanges. The formation constant for Ph 2 I − Li + is strongly temperature dependent, consistent with the powerful solvent-ordering capacity of a solvent-separated ion pair


Objective To explore the curative effect of sodium nitroprusside combined milrinone on patients with severe hand-foot-mouth disease and poor circulation.Methods The contrastive analysis was conducted in 25 cases with severe hand-foot-mouth disease and poor circulation to divide them into treatment group(15 cases) and control group(10 cases).The patients in both groups were treated with mechanical ventilation,intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG),methylprednisolone,20% mannitol,glycerol and fructose which can reduce the intracranial pressure.The treatment group received also intravenous drip of sodium nitroprusside 1.0-2.0 μg/(kg·min) combined with first dose of 25-50 μg/kg milrinone followed by 0.25 μg/(kg·min) intravenous injection pump maintenance.The control group received intravenous epinephrine 0.3-0.5 μg/(kg·min) and dopamine 3.0-6.0 μg/(kg·min).Results Compared with the control group,the curative effects of sodium nitroprusside combined with milrinone was significant on the blood pressure,heart rate,skin temperature,skin color,limbs pulse in patients with severe hand-foot-mouth disease and poor circulation(P0.05).Conclusion For the patients with severe hand-foot-mouth disease and poor circulation,Sodium nitroprusside combined with milrinone,with better effect and less adverse reaction,can effectively improve their circulation.


This article examines the operation of the reformed English diminished responsibility plea in mercy killer cases. In particular, it makes three claims. First, it predicts that—like its predecessor—the revised doctrine will be stretched, where necessary, to accommodate these offenders. This is because (i) normative arguments remain for convicting them of manslaughter instead of murder and (ii) other partial defence routes will usually be unavailable. Secondly, it contends that such pragmatism will now be facilitated by a disconnect between (i) the defence's post-reform narrowing and (ii) its ongoing interpretive flexibility. Thirdly, given that disconnect, it suggests that this pragmatism will be problematic. Notably, it will (i) compromise the plea's newfound coherence and (ii) exacerbate unfair labelling of mercy killers. Ultimately, and more broadly, these difficulties reinforce recent calls for further homicide law reform.


In the Reporting Cell Location Management (RCLM) system, a subset of cells in the network is designated as the reporting cells. Each mobile terminal performs location update only when it enters one of these reporting cells. When a call arrives, the paging is confined to the reporting cell the user last reported and the neighboring bounded non-reporting cells. Frequent location update may result in degradation of quality of service due to interference. Miss on the location of a mobile terminal will necessitate a search operation on the network when a call comes in. We must decide the number of reporting cells and which cell should be reporting cell to balance the registration (location update) and search (paging) operations to minimize the cost of RCLM system. This paper proposes a ranking ant colony system (RACS) for optimization of RCLM system.


In this paper we analyzed random access process of single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) system, which is one of uplink candidates in 3GPP long term evolution. In random access process each user equipments (UE) transmits randomly selected random access code and the Node B detects each UE's random access try by code identification. It is conducted by exploiting the cross-correlation property of random access code. Moreover, round trip time (RTT) is also estimated during random access detection process for uplink time synchronization utilizing the auto-correlation of random access code. This paper proposed random access detection scheme which adopts the frequency domain RTT estimation and the time domain code identification. The performance of random access of SC-FDMA system highly depends on correlation properties. However, they are susceptible to channel characteristics in the multipath fading channel environments. Thus, this paper analyzed the performance of random access in the multipath fading channel. Results of our analysis will be beneficial as the guideline in designing SC-FDMA based random access system.


I. ADAMSON R. H., CREWS L. and BEN M.: Some aspects of the pharmacology of vincristine. (Abst.) Fed.Proc. 23 (1964), 106. 2. AGUSTIN B. M. and CREASEY W. A.: Vinca alkaloids and the synthesis of RNA in mouse brain. Nature (Lond.) 215 (1967), 965. 3. AISENBERG A. C. and WILES B.: Studies on the suppression of immune responses by the periwinkle alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. ].clin. Invest. 43 (1964), 2394. 4. AMIEL]. L., BERUMEN L., SCHWARZENBERG L., SCHNEIDER M., CATTAN A., SCHLUMBERGER ]. R. et MATHE G.: Essai de traitement de la maladie de Hodgkin generalisee par une chimiotherapie multiple. Sem.H6p. Paris 42 (1966), 2970. 5. ANDERSON P. ]., SONG S. K. and SLOTWINER P.: The fine structure of spheromembranous degeneration of skeletal muscle induced by vincristine. ]. Neuropath. expo Neurol. 26 (1967), IS. 6. ApOSTOL ]. V., NORA P. F. and PRESTON F. W.: Arterial infusion of vinblastine sulphate (NSC-49842) in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Chemother.Rep. 50 (1966),573. 7. ARMSTRONG ]. G., DYKE R. W. and FOUTS P. ].: Vinblastine sulfate treatment of Hodgkin's disease during a pregnancy. Science 143 (1964), 703. 8. HAWTHORNE ].]., ]ANSEN C.]. Jr. and PEABODY A. M.: Initial clinical experience with vinglycinate sulfate; a molecular modification of vinblastine. Cancer Res. 27 (1967), 221. 9. BEER C. T.: The leucopenic action of extracts of Vinca rosea. British Empire Cancer Campaign, 33rd Annual Report (1955), 487. 10. Biochemical studies with vincaleukoblastine. Canad. Cancer Conf, 4 (1960), 355. II. WILSON M. L. and BELL].: A preliminary investigation of the fate of tritiated vinblastine in rats. Canad.]. Physiol. Pharmacol. 42 (1964), 368. 12. BERENBAUM M. C. and BROWN I. N.: Dose-response relationships for agents inhibiting the immune response. Immunology 7 (1964), 65. 13. BERTALANFFY F. D.: Comparison of mitotic rates in normal renewing and neoplastic cell populations. Canad. Cancer Conr. 7 (1967), 65. 14. BICHEL].: Some investigations on the mechanism of the leucopenia produced by vincoblastine. 2. The effect of vincoblastine on cells in tissue culture and in vivo. Acta path.microbiol. scand. 70 (1967), I. IS. BIESELE ]. ].: Experimental and therapeutic modification of mitosis. Cancer Res. 22 (1962), 779. 16. BLEEHEN N. M. and]ELLIFFE A. M.: Vinblastine sulphate in the treatment of malignant disease. Brit. ]. Cancer 19 (1965), 268. 17. BOCK H. E.: Die Durchfuhrung von Zytostatikakuren. Wien. klin.Wschr. 78 (1966),541.


The micellization behaviors of two types of ABA and BAB triblock copolymers with different block compositions in a solvent selective for block A are investigated by using the grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation combined with the multiple histogram method. The block composition and sequence are found to significantly control the micelle formation and the association behavior for both types of triblock copolymers. The thermodynamic analysis shows that ΔH0 and ΔS0 decreases as the length of insoluble block B decreases, indicating that the driving force toward micellization decreases with decreasing the B block length for both types of copolymers. On the other hand, BAB copolymers show less negative ΔH0 and more negative ΔS0 than ABA at all the compositions except at fB=0.20, where the reduced capability of BAB copolymer to form micelle leads to increase the amount of dangling chains in the micelle, yielding less negative ΔS0. The basic micellar parameters such as the micellar size, the micellar shape, and...


Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), as a new class of carbon nanomaterials, have attracted considerable interest because of their low cost, low toxicity, chemical inertness, superiority in water solubility, ease of functionalization and simple synthetic routes. In recent years, the excellent light harvesting capability and unique photo‐induced electron transfer ability have greatly inspired the perspectives of CQDs in photocatalysis applications. Herein, a comprehensive overview on the recent progresses of CQDs with an emphasis on their applications in photocatalysis is presented. Strategies that have been employed to increase their photocatalytic activities are discussed in detail, including doping, surface modulation, and design of composite structures. Moreover, some perspectives on the challenges and new directions are proposed to stimulate further research into this exciting and promising field.


Common mode voltage (CMV) generated by two-level voltage source rectifier/inverter adjustable speed drive (ASD) system is troublesome and requires extra hardware fixes, which increase production costs and can lead to increased installation costs. The use of the common mode reduction modulator (CMRM) to control the common mode voltage has received some attention over the past few years. It is attractive for its software selectivity, no additional components, etc. From a product design viewpoint, there is a need to analytically analyze and quantify the switching frequency harmonic characteristics for the CMRM. A complete design-oriented analytical analysis of the switching frequency harmonic characteristic of CMRM for a two-level voltage source rectifier/inverter ASD system is presented in this paper. An analytical harmonic flux formula for CMRM is derived, followed by a per carrier cycle and per fundamental cycle calculation of the harmonic flux RMS value. The analytical solution has been verified against both the simulated and the experimental tested load current harmonic components.


This paper analyses why the usage of restraints for children in cars is so low in the UK, and advocates the use of loan schemes as one way of overcoming this problem. Small-scale surveys have suggested that most parents have positive attitudes to the need to restrain their children in cars, and are aware of why restraints are needed. The main reasons for low restraint use seem to be: (1) ignorance of the nature of car collisions and of where to obtain impartial advice about restraints; (2) the inconvenience of most restraint systems on the market; (3) inertia; (4) perceived cost, especially by parents of babies; (5) absence of legal requirements for child constraints in the UK. Loan schemes are designed to provide safety seats for infants, that can be secured by normal seat belts, at less than retail price, thus reducing cost barriers. They can be introduced to prospective parents as part of the counselling that they receive at the antenatal stage, and provided at times and places suitable for the prospective parents, with demonstrations of their use and possible misuse. When an infant seat is returned, because a child has outgrown it, advice can be provided on what restraint system is then needed and how to obtain it locally. Loan schemes are still in their infancy in the UK, and are being researched by the Child Accident Prevention Trust and the Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL). For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 859522.


In order to potentiate the experiments for studying the exotic nuclei with Brazil Radioactive Ion Beam (RIBRAS), a modular organic scintillation detector (Neutron Wall), with good efficiency and extended solid angle was developed. The detection of neutrons emitted in coincidence with the reaction fragments increases the experimental possibilities and represents one of the most popular techniques in the Nuclear Astrophysics field. The data acquisition system used for the Neutron Wall is obsolete and should be replaced by Versa Module Euro Card Data Acquisition modules. The new scheme will be designed to include the Strip Array and Neutron Wall detectors with maximum readout efficiency, no dead time, data selection and event synchronization. The digitizer modules provide features like zero suppressed readout and overflow suppression. Zero suppression, once enabled, prevents conversion of value, which is lower than user defined threshold. Adding FPGA (field programmable gate array) cards to data acquisition provides pre- and post-algorithmic processing on data.


With the deep water foundation construction of Nanchong Jialing River Super-large Bridge in Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway as the case,the article compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages between two kinds of double-wall steel cofferdam construc-tion plans of pile-forming first,then steel cofferdam construction and steel cofferdam first,then bored pile construction,and combined with factors of construction period,construction season and riverbed geology etc.,it determined the reasonable cofferdam construction plan.


Throughout evolution, aerobic organisms have developed multiple defence systems to protect themselves against oxygen radicals (Benzie, 2000). One-, two-, and three-electron reductions of molecular oxygen give rise to, respectively, superoxide (O2 −), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, a radical precursor), and the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (•OH) or equivalent transition metal–oxygen complexes (Miller et al., 1990). Reactions of oxygen radicals with cellular components can deplete antioxidants, can cause direct oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA, and can result in the formation of a variety of other reactants with varying oxidative potentials, including carbonor nitrogen-centred radicals (West and Marnett, 2006). A growing body of literature presents radicals as mediators of various cell signalling processes (Ma, 2010). An imbalance between the normal production of oxygen radicals and their capture and disposal by protective enzyme systems and antioxidants results in oxidative stress, and this condition has been proposed to be the basis of many deleterious chronic health conditions and diseases, including cancer.


Distance learning was poised as an intervention to address challenges of the quality and quantity of teachers in Uganda. This paper summarizes the results of a study on the impact of a learning environment that fosters the adoption of a realistic teacher education pedagogy (RTEP) in distance education on student teachers' interaction, levels of cognitive processing, perceptions and perceived flexibility of distance teacher education. The impact on perceived flexibility was explored in a qualitative way. Other dependent variables were explored both qualitatively and quantitatively. Student teachers' (N=144) from three teacher education colleges in Uganda studied in an RTEP-oriented learning environment for 9 weeks in the first term of 2005. At content level, students studied three themes for the Science with Health curriculum. Results point at the differential impact of different levels of moderation support on student interaction. Student interaction seemed to be promoted by characteristics in the individual student, group characteristics, the nature of the learning environment and the available learning resources. The experience in the RTEP-oriented learning environment influenced student teacher perceptions of the learning environment and their preference to adopt a realistic teacher education pedagogy in their instruction. The experience in the learning environment was perceived as promoting flexibility in time, study location, mode of study, study materials, communication and interaction.


In this paper, n-Zinc oxide/p-copper oxide heterojunctions were fabricated by RF-sputtering on indium tin oxide-covered glass substrates. The structural and optical properties of the copper oxide and zinc oxide films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electronic microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The electrical junction properties were investigated by current–voltage (I–V) characteristics. Additionally, both capacitance (C) and conductance (G) versus frequency (f) measurements were realized at room temperature. The junctions showed a rectifying behavior, and C and G varied with both voltage and frequency.


We evaluated three free software applications for administrative archives management and their implementation in university archives. Software evaluated was: Archon , Archivists ' toolkit  and ICA-AtoM . The comparative analysis considered 12 requirements concerning metadata management, description standards and lending, and document life-cycle analysis. The results show the requirements met by each software application evaluated. Although currently they do not satisfy all archive management requirements, open software can be customized and integrated with new contexts.


Chinese football fans are very disappointed at the performance of the Chinese football team on World Cup 2002. lt will take quite a long time to take a comprehensive treatment on their problems.This article is intended to make a deep concrete analysis on the major problems of Chinese football team and to propose some suggestions as well.


Background: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for severe emphysema can significantly improve maximal expiratory flow rates and ameliorate dyspnea on exertion, probably by reducing airway resistance and by reducing hyperinflation with corresponding improvement in inspiratory muscle function. We have recently experienced 12 cases of bilateral LVRS in patients with severe emphysema in an effort to improve pulmonary function. Among these patients we examined the relationship between intraoperative spirometry and prognosis of LVRS. Methods: Intraoperative total dynamic lung compliance (CT) and % of breath exhaled in one second (V1.0%) obtained immediately pre-lung reduction was compared with immediate post-lung reduction. In addition we also compared a preoperative pulmonary function test (PFT) [FEV1>, TLC, and FRC] with 3 month postoperative values. Results: Six of the twelve patients demonstrated post-reduction improvement in dynamic CT and V1.0% during LVRS. These six patients demonstrated an increase in FEV and a decrease in TLC, and FRC 3 months after an LVRS. The other six patients without improvement in V1.0% during an LVRS had no change in the PFT three months after an LVRS. Conclusions: It appears that sidestream spirometry with immediate intraoperative measurement of dynamic CT and V1.0% could play a role in predicting the expected follow-up objective PFT; improvement in both CT and V1.0% may predict significant increases in PFT. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 40; 593~598)


Accurately detecting the breast cancer disease in the early stage is extremely essential for fast recovery or to avoid the death probability. Breast cancer can be detected by various imaging modalities out of mammography is more used. Breast lesions are mass and microcalcification. Segmentation is mainly divided into 2 types according to the similarity and discontinuity. In this paper we proposed system for segmentation of breast mass using seed region growing technique, which is most important step in CAD system, depending upon the result of segmentation breast mass can be characterized as benign or malignant.


Sliding mode variable structure control is a switch control,in engineering application, the system usually will produce chattering phenomena due to frequent switching system control state,and through the conventional methods are hard to overcome the resulting adverse impact.So fuzzy control is introduced to sliding mode variable structure control in view of this problem chattering,fuzzy the parameters of exponential velocity trending law online correction,a kind of fuzzy sliding mode variable structure controller is designed,and applicated in the double inverted pendulum system.Through the simulation research show that the method can realize effective control to linear double inverted pendulum,and in the reserves the system robustness of significantly weaken the chattering system.


n a recent address, William Tholl, director of health policy and economics at the Canadian Medical Association, quoted Malcolm Taylor as saying, "There are two times when change is possible. One is when there is a budget feast, then change can be bought. The other is when there is budget famine, when change becomes inevitable."' At present, we see the truth of this observation. Since the 1991 release of the report, Toward Integrated Medical Resource Policies for Canada by Barer and Stoddart,2 pressure for change in primary health care delivery has been increasing. Several task force


Conformance checking is one of the disciplines that best exposes the power of process mining, since it allows detecting anomalies and deviations in business processes, helping to assess and improve the quality of these. This is an indispensable task, especially in Big Data environments where large amounts of data are generated, and where the complexity of the processes is increasing. CC4Spark enables companies to face this challenging scenario in twofold. First, it supports distributing conformance checking alignment problems by means of a Big Data infrastructure based on Apache Spark, allowing users to import, transform and prepare event logs stored in distributed data sources, and solve them in a distributed environment. Secondly, this tool supports decomposed Petri nets. This helps to noticeably reduce the complexity of the models. Both characteristics help companies in facing increasingly frequent scenarios with large amounts of logs with highly complex business processes. CC4Spark is not tied to any particular conformance checking algorithm, so that users can employ customised algorithms.


Objective:The attention degree of the government,the strength and depth of propaganda on voluntary blood donation,the trust of blood donors,the rapid growth and irrational use were the main factors which affecting the blood for clinical use.It is very necessary and important to investigate the blood demand in clinical institutions,to understand impact factors,and to establish mathematical prediction model of blood demand deployment for clinical institutions by statistical methods.


Aim of the research. Investigation of fire danger of seismic expansion joints, which have recently become almost the main component of seismic protection of buildings and structures. Identify the degree of fire danger of the building structure. Develop preventive measures to ensure fire safety of buildings and structures where seismic expansion joints are used. The relevance of this problem lies in the fact that the destruction of deformation seismic joints in seismic conditions for the spread of combustion (usually secondary occur in earthquakes) from one compartment of the building to another (protected by partitions, fire compartments, locks). That is, combustion opens the possibility to bypass special protections put in its way, in order to avoid its spread. Methods. Antiseismic deformation joints have been studied from the point of view of fire safety. The work mainly deals with the expansion joints used in the installation of aluminum panels for the design of buildings and structures. The connection of fire danger of antiseismic joints combined with technological and operational errors of performers is shown. Tests of various seismic protection joints for fire danger have been carried out. Results. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a special regulatory documentation that introduces specific rules for the execution of expansion joints, especially designed to improve the seismic safety of buildings and structures.


High nonlinearity, wide transparency range and optical quality allowed potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4, KTP) crystals to be used in a wide range of nonlinear applications. The success of KTP usage in the visible and infrared (IR) ranges drives interest in applying it at longer wavelengths, that is, in the terahertz (THz) range. We use THz optical properties of KTP crystals measured by terahertz time-domain spectrometer (THz-TDS) and refractive index approximated in the form of Sellmeier equations to investigate KTP application possibilities for IR-to-THz and THz-to-THz wave conversion. As a result, phase matching for s − f → f and s − f → s types of difference frequency generation (DFG) of Ti:Sapphire laser (at the wavelengths of 0.65, 0.8 and 1.1 µm) is found possible, as well as second harmonic generation (SHG) of THz waves by f + s→f type of interaction in the XZ principle plane of the crystal. Terahertz wave generation by phase-matched parametric processes in KTP demonstrates evident advantages in comparison with that of widely used MgO-doped LiNbO3 crystals.


Tetrahymena pyriformis GL cells pretreated (imprinted) and not pretreated with insulin showed dissimilar quantitative relations of FITC‐insulin binding. Displacement of FITC‐insulin by unlabelled insulin was considerably less in the control than in the imprinted series. The curve for saturation of the binding sites with FITC‐insulin resembled a true saturation curve. The imprinted cells bound considerably more hormone in a shorter time than the control cells at identical levels of exposure. The dissociation of bound hormone from the imprinted cells increased over the control at 23°C, and to a still greater degree at 4°C. The effect of the pH of the medium on the dissociation of bound FITC‐insulin also differed between the imprinted and not imprinted cells. Thus the proposed cytofluorimetric assay of binding kinetics demonstrated the actual conditions of receptor activity, and indicated that the induced insulin binding sites of Tetrahymena behaved similarly to 'classical' receptors.


A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate and Research
Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology,
Kumasi, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of Master of Science
(MSc. Floriculture) degree, 2014


This paper investigates a class of flocks with a k-nearest-neighbor rule, where each agent's neighbors are determined according to k nearest agents with k being a given integer, rather than all the agents within a fixed metric distance as in the well-known Vicsek's model. Such a neighbor rule has been validated by biologists through experiments, and we will prove that, similar to the Vicsek's model, consensus can be also achieved under conditions imposed only on the model parameters and initial states. We reveal that, with some speed conditions, Θ(log n) neighbors are sufficient and necessary for consensus of flocks under such a neighbor rule, where n is the population size of the flock.


Magnetotransport measurements of PtPb4 single crystals with the T c of ∼2.80 K reveal pronounced exotic topological nature. An anomalous negative longitudinal magnetoresistance (MR) related to the chiral anomaly and a linear-like transverse MR examined within the framework of quantum MR theory were studied. Results indicate the presence of chiral-anomaly-induced quantum transport associated with the Weyl states and show a Dirac-cone-like band dispersion in PtPb4. This work reveals the drastic impact of the concept that the surface electrons in a Weyl fermion state may dominate the normal-state magnetotransport in PtPb4, leading to the conclusion that PtPb4 can be a Weyl-semimetal superconductor candidate.


The eminent turn-of-the-sixteenth-century theologian and exegete Isaac Abarbanel was hardly the first Jewish scholar to receive established principles and ways of thinking and a large body of classical Hebrew literature from the past. Nor was he the first to feel the Jewish past's "rich and intimidating legacy" weighing on his intellectual and literary shoulders. Indeed, it has been noted that medieval Jewish writers habitually felt compelled to justify their intellectual-literary existence, and that they often did so using an almost conventional literary genre largely designed for this purpose—the introduction.


This paper is concerned with optimization of production run time that takes stochastic breakdown and the reworking of defective items into consideration. In a real-life manufacturing process, production of imperfect quality items as well as random breakdowns of production equipment is inevitable. All defective items produced are assumed to be repairable through a rework process right after the regular production stops in each cycle. This research starts with derivations of the cost functions for production systems with breakdown (no-resumption policy is considered) and without breakdown taking place, respectively. Then cost functions of both cases are integrated. Theorems on conditional convexity of the overall cost function and bounds for optimal production run time are proposed and proved. This study concludes that although the optimal run time cannot be expressed in a closed form, it falls within the range of bounds. Hence, it can be pinpointed by the use of the bisection method based on the intermediate value theorem. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate its practical usages. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


SUMMARY A method is described in which Resiguard (a mixture of germicides and a detergent) is cycled through the circuit of an East-Radcliffe ventilator. Bacteriological studies show that this method adequately sterilizes ventilators infected by patients and by deliberate contamination with organisms. The results also suggest that Resiguard produces a prolonged surface antibacterial activity in the ventilator.


The images method for calculating the elctronic field and the radio interference of the power is introduced and an example is given.Some advices about the passageway of power line are proposed from the view of evaluation on electromagnetic environment.


The field of poetry and poetics has been revitalized by a decade and a half of close attention to many of its enduring premises and assumptions. Three new books by Jasper Bernes, Margaret Ronda, and Heather Milne show how US poetry from 1945 to the present responds to the changing conditions of historical capitalism. Departing from older periodizing narratives anchored in the shift from modernism to postmodernism, these books uncover the poetic histories that emerge in tandem with changes in economic structures and political regimes.


Abstract Parathyroidectomy and immediate autotransplantation (PTX‐AT) has been shown to decrease bone pain and increase bone mineral density. However, adynamic bone disease (ABD) has been predicted to develop if the serum intact parathyroid hormone (i‐PTH) level remains lower than normal for a long period of time. Therefore, we investigated the bone histology of patients whose serum i‐PTH levels did not increase over 70 pg/mL for 1 year after PTX‐AT. Four chronic hemodialysis patients were investigated. The serum intact osteocalcin (i‐OC) level was measured and histomorphometry for cancellous bone was performed 1 year after the operation. Tetracycline hydrochloride was administered in the 12 weeks after PTX‐AT. The serum i‐PTH levels were 20.5 ± 15.0 pg/mL and i‐OC levels were 19.5 ± 0.9 ng/mL. Histomorphometric analyses showed the osteoclast surface to be 0.1% in two cases and 0% in the other two cases, the eroded surface was 7.7 ± 6.1%, and the fibrosis volume and osteoblast surface were 0% in all four cases. Osteoid volume, osteoid surface and osteoid thickness were lower in cases 1–3, but higher in case 4. All tetracycline labelings were in contact with the mineralization front in cases 1 and 3, but some were not in cases 2 and 4. Serum i‐PTH and i‐OC levels indicated that ABD developed in these four cases. Histomorphometric analyses revealed that ABD developed in case 1, while either ABD or low‐turnover osteomalacia developed in cases 2 and 4, and low‐turnover osteomalacia was observed in case 3 after PTX‐AT. In conclusion, i‐PTH should not be maintained at lower levels to avoid low‐turnover bone diseases.


Structural equation modeling was used to delineate the relationship between sexual victimization and personality variables in the prediction of patterns of child molestation in adolescent males. Two hundred thirty-five adolescents, representing subsamples of sexually victimized and nonvictimized, perpetrating and nonperpetrating, and emotionally maladjusted and nonmaladjusted youths, participated in the study. Juvenile child molesters were found to have more pessimistic explanatory styles and deficits in self-sufficiency relative to nonoffending youths. A younger age at time of victimization, a greater number of incidents, a longer period ofwaiting to report the abuse, and a lower level of perceived family support postrevelation of the abuse were found to be predictive of subsequent sexual perpetration. Implications for treatment are discussed.


The pressing need of new antimicrobial products is growing stronger, particularly because of widespread antimicrobial resistance, endangering our ability to treat common infections. The recent coronavirus pan-demic has dramatically highlighted the necessity of e ff ective antibacterial and antiviral protection. This work explores at the molecular level the mechanism of action of antibacterial nanocapsules assembled in virus-like particles, their stability and their interaction with mammal and antimicrobial model membranes. We use Molecular Dynamics with force- fi elds of di ff erent granularity and protein design strategies to study the stability, self-assembly and membrane poration properties of these nanocapsules.


We report the systematic dc and ac susceptibility studies on the particle blocking and carrier fluid freezing effects on the magnetization and relaxation processes in two different ferrofluids composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (mean size of ∼14 nm) suspended in hexane and dodecane, which respectively have freezing temperatures below (178 K) and above (264 K) the blocking temperature of magnetic nanoparticles (∼200 K). Experimental results reveal that these effects play a key role in the formation of glasslike peaks and magnetic anomalies in ferrofluids. Quantitative fits of the frequency dependent ac susceptibility to the Vogel–Fulcher model τ=τo exp[Ea/k(T−To)] clearly indicate that the blocking of magnetic nanoparticles in the frozen state significantly affects the interparticle dipole-dipole interaction, causing characteristic spin-glass-like dynamics.We report the systematic dc and ac susceptibility studies on the particle blocking and carrier fluid freezing effects on the magnetization and relaxation processes in two different ferrofluids composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (mean size of ∼14 nm) suspended in hexane and dodecane, which respectively have freezing temperatures below (178 K) and above (264 K) the blocking temperature of magnetic nanoparticles (∼200 K). Experimental results reveal that these effects play a key role in the formation of glasslike peaks and magnetic anomalies in ferrofluids. Quantitative fits of the frequency dependent ac susceptibility to the Vogel–Fulcher model τ=τo exp[Ea/k(T−To)] clearly indicate that the blocking of magnetic nanoparticles in the frozen state significantly affects the interparticle dipole-dipole interaction, causing characteristic spin-glass-like dynamics.


Ketamine hydrochloride is commonly employed to sedate or anesthetize laboratory primates but its cardiac actions have not been previously described in these animals. Four baboons, Papio cynocephalus, were chronically instrumented with electromagnetic flow detectors on the ascending aorta and common carotid artery. Cardiac output, peak aortic flow velocity and peak aortic flow acceleration are all depressed by Ketamine, 5 mg/kg i.m. Peak aortic flow acceleration and peak carotid flow acceleration were equally depressed. Thus, peak carotid flow acceleration is a useful indirect index of the left ventricular response to Ketamine in the baboon.


Background: The standard method for reconstruction after total gastrectomy is Roux-en-Y reconstruction, which has several negative points such as malabsorption. The most important reasons for weight loss in these patients are reserval insufficiency and reduction of food-digestive juice blending. We suggest that the creation of a food reserve with a natural conduit by ileocolic interposition may help the patient to have more normal diet habits and prevent severe weight loss. Methods: The study enrolled 8 patients with proximal gastric cancer, who underwent total gastrectomy with omentectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy. Then, the ileocolic segment with its vasculature was prepared and the anastomosis was done like right colon interposition between esophagus and duodenum. Intraoperative and postoperative events and also nutritional conditions were recorded. Results: Among 8 patients enrolled in the study, not an intraoperative bad event nor anastomotic site leakage, abscess formation, or other significant post-operative complication were seen. Except for the first two patients, the rest did not suffer from dysphagia. None of the patients suffered from delayed, chronic, or uncontrolled vomiting. All patients experienced weight loss postoperatively but after 2 months, they gained weight. Barium examination and also upper endoscopy revealed that the patients had normal reserval volume, no evidence of erosion or ulceration, no evidence of biliary esophagitis or reflux, and absence of tumor relapse. Conclusions: Because of the nutritional benefits of ileocolic interposition after total gastrectomy in gastric cancer treatment, it can be used as an acceptable alternative method of reconstruction in a subgroup of selected patients.


The objective of this paper is to present the results of the experimental benchmarking of the MELCOR (version 1.8.2) code thermal-hydraulic models to experimental results for the full integral simulation test (FIST) facility. In this study, the ability of the heat and mass transfer correlations in MELCOR to simulate boil-off and reflood heat transfer in FIST rod bundles were evaluated by performing simulations of two separate tests. Sensitivity studies were also performed to evaluate the effect of time-step and machine dependency on the calculated results.


The exploration of "Activity Campus" action plan for elementary and middle schools in China has been gradually prevailed, but the impact of this plan on students has not been clarified. Based on this, this study is to explores the impact of the "Activity Campus" action plan on students' physical fitness and sport learning interest through research in "Activity Campus" plan, and provides theoretical support for implementation of the "Activity Campus" plan. 164 fourth-grade students from Shandong Province participate in this experiment, 80 in the experimental group and 84 in the control group. The Primary School Students' Sports Learning Interest Scale was used to investigate the changes in students' mental health and the Physical Health Test Standard was used to measure students' physical and health levels. The scale and measurement tools have high reliability. At the same time, using independent sample T test analyze the data before and after experiment by spss21.0. For physical fitness level, no significant difference between experimental group and control group in the BMI, 50-meter run, one-minute skipping rope, one-minute sit-ups, and total physical fitness scores before the experiment. After the experiment, the control group had significant differences in vital capacity, 50-meter running, one-minute sit-ups, and total physical fitness for sports learning interest, also no significant difference between experimental group and control group before experiment among the degree of sports participation, positive interest in sports learning, negative interest in sports learning, degree of autonomous learning, and total score in sports learning interest. After experiment, there were significant differences between experimental group and control group in all of above. The research results show that "Activity Campus" plan can effectively improve students' physical fitness and health in terms of speed, strength, endurance, and flexibility, and can effectively improve students' interest in participating in sports and their ability to learn independently. This shows that implementation of the "Activity Campus" action plan in China has certain practical significance.


Thank you for downloading self ritual for invoking release of spirit life in the womb. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen books like this self ritual for invoking release of spirit life in the womb, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


Abstract The structure of turbulence and transport of heat is examined from data obtained from 11 aircraft soundings executed in heated boundary layers during the Air Mass Transformation Experiment. Various influences on the turbulent transport are revealed by analyzing properties of the joint frequency distribution in polar coordinate. Such an analysis allows determination of a correlation coefficient and fluctuation amplitude as a function of properties of different types of motion comprising the total flow. In particular, the contribution of various events to the total flux is revealed without a priori specification of sampling criteria. In the present case, shear generation of turbulence and broken stratocumulus at the boundary layer top modify the profiles of virtual and sensible heat flux. The upward virtual heat flux shows the usual linear decrease with height but vanishes and becomes downward at the relatively low level of 60% of the boundary layer top. The vertical structure of the heat flux is e...


A 61-year-old healthy man presented to emergency department with sudden onset of a 2-day history of severe right shoulder tip pain and dull neck pain. There was no history of trauma to neck and shoulder joint. On examination it was found that due to the pain, all his shoulder movements were restricted. Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, medial and lateral rotation were less than 30 with normal elbow and wrist movements and shoulder pain was not relieved with analgesia. In his medical and surgical history, he was drugcontrolled hypertensive and had had left elbow injury in a road traffic accident 10 years earlier. (1) The patient was a lorry driver for last 15 years and a nonsmoker. (2) Routine investigation of blood with full blood count, urea, creatine and electrolytes were normal. It was followed by shoulder and c-spine x-ray. Shoulder and c-spine radiography were normal, but showed sclerosis with in scapula. (3) An urgent magnetic resonance imaging scan spine showed marrow infiltration at C5, C7, T2 vertebral bodies and a primary was suspected. Whole-body computed tomography scan showed liver metastasis, pleural thickening right oblique fissure and 4-cm large exophytic mass arising right lateral wall of the bladder, lymph adenopathy of right iliac chain. Bone scan showed multiple lumber spine bony metastases and bone destruction at pubic symphysis. Cystoscopy undertaken showed hard solid diverticula arising from the bladder wall. The biopsy showed Grade 3 transitional cell cancer of bladder. (4) The tumour invades the mucosa, submucosa and there are small islands in muscularis propria no preinural or lymphovascular invasion (G2 T2A) According to the studies, (1) Most patients presented with painless haematuria. Primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was the most common (i.e. 96%) histological variety of bladder carcinoma.1 (2) Patients with TCC of the bladder classically present with irritative voiding symptoms or painless haematuria. Common sites of vascular metastases include the liver (38%), lung (36%), bone (27%), adrenal glands (21%) and intestine (13%), and a single case of symptomatic metastatic cerebellar lesion.2 (3) Metastasis of TCC of bladder to bone is an uncommon occurrence when compared with breast and prostate carcinoma. The spine is the most common site (40% of bony metastases).3 (4) 81.3% of patients presented with haematuria, 65.3% presented with irritative bladder symptoms whereas 41.3% presented with obstruction of the bladder outlet. The frequently seen histological variants of cancers were TCC (53.3%) of all grades and/or stages.4 From this case it can be concluded that shoulder pain is a rare presentation of metastasis transitional cell cancer of bladder. Shoulder pain can be as a result of any pathology relating to the shoulder joint or a referred pain from inflammation to gall bladder or irritation to diaphragm. It never has been a presentation of metastasis transitional cell cancer bladder. From this report it came to light that a non-traumatic and pathological shoulder joint pain can be the result of transitional cell cancer of bladder cervical metastasis. So it is concluded that shoulder joint pain is a presentation of cervical metastasis transitional cell cancer bladder.


To create a more efficient propulsion system for in-space transportation the NEP and NTP systems are now being developed to facilitate the human exploration of Mars. They are, however, unlikely to meet the challenge of deep space without significant advances in efficiency and the ability to use in-situ resources. The concept outlined in this paper is the development of a planetary orbiter spacecraft that can operate on virtually any gas, and is designed in such a way that it can also harvest the planetary atmospheres to obtain the fuel required for the return transit. It is based on experimental results employing a robust plasma creation and sustainment methodology referred to as a Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF) generated Field Reversed Configuration (FRC). In the experiments a Hydrogenic gas was partially ionized and accelerated out of a magnetized cascaded arc source with directed velocities of 35 km/s that is characteristic of the conditions that would confront a Harvesting Planetary Orbiter (HarPO) in the atmospheres of the Jovian planets. The transverse RMF fully ionized the gas, and in the process generated large azimuthal currents which produced an FRC that confined and heated the ions. The stationary, axial guide magnetic field confined the plasma within the chamber wall and conducted the plasma exhaust to form an on-axis plasma jet. In the spacecraft implementation, this system would efficiently process the incoming atmosphere into the necessary thrust and Isp for drag makeup. Based on the ion temperature measurements in the experiments, only a fraction of the gas ingested during the orbital transit would be required as the projected Isp is 12 ksec. The plasma chamber radius, which is the same as the spacecraft intake aperture, need be no larger than that employed in past RMF FRC experiments (0.4m). Given that the HarPO is electrodeless and magnetically insulated, it quite capable of long-term operation on the lighter elements, so that the array of HarPO's could also be employed as the main thrusters for the transits to and from the outer planets. The analysis and design of a prototype HarPO has been completed based on the drag, power processing, energy and fuel storage requirements that would be encountered in the Jovian atmospheres. The results from this analysis, as well as the architectures for a Neptune and Jupiter mission will be described.


The location-routing problem is one of the problems in distribution network designing and logistic management, whose mathematical model is proposed in this paper firstly, which is recognized as NP-hard. In this paper, a particle swarm optimization method for location-routing problem is proposed. It adopts a novel particle representation to correspond to the LRP, and modifies the objective function with additive penalty function part in order to make the solution more feasible. From an illuminated example, the availability and performance of proposed PSO can be approved


This paper provides a brief summary of the state-of-the-art of MEMS-specific modeling techniques and describes the validation of new models for a parametric component library. Two recently developed 3D modeling tools are described in more detail. The first one captures a methodology for designing MEMS devices and simulating them together with integrated electronics within a standard electronic design automation (EDA) environment. The MEMS designer can construct the MEMS model directly in a 3D view. The resulting 3D model differs from a typical feature-based 3D CAD modeling tool in that there is an underlying behavioral model and parametric layout associated with each MEMS component. The model of the complete MEMS device that is shared with the standard EDA environment can be fully parameterized with respect to manufacturing-and design-dependent variables. Another recent innovation is a process modeling tool that allows accurate and highly realistic visualization of the step-by-step creation of 3D micro-fabricated devices. The novelty of the tool lies in its use of voxels (3D pixels) rather than conventional 3D CAD techniques to represent the 3D geometry. Case studies for experimental devices are presented showing how the examination of these virtual prototypes can reveal design errors before mask tape out, support process development before actual fabrication and also enable failure analysis after manufacturing. A MEMS designer is confronted with a number of challenges: complex, coupled, three-dimensional, multi-physics phenomena; unknown material property data; large variations in manufacturing processes; and interfacing with package and control electronics. To help the MEMS designer overcome these challenges, MEMS design tools must support four levels of design abstraction: system level, device level, physical level and process level [1, 2]. These abstraction levels provide a clear framework for categorizing MEMS design tools. Before discussing two recent design tool innovations in more detail, we summarize the existing approaches to addressing these four levels of abstraction. This summary is by no means a comprehensive review of all relevant design tools and methodologies, but rather a short overview of the state-of-the-art and guide to several future trends. 1.1. System level modeling The interactions of the MEMS component with its environment and control electronics can be modeled and simulated on the system level of abstraction. Models at this level can include not only MEMS and analog components, but also digital electronics and software. There are two main approaches to system level modeling: a model-based design method in which the design is described by …


In wastewater treatment,comprehending the factors affecting the aeration efficiency of fine pore aeration system is a complex but important issue.In this article,severel main factors,including wastewater characteristics,diffuser airflow rate,process flow regime and process loading etc,are discussed.In view of the great energy consumption of aeration in wastewater treatment plant,futher study of this issue are recommended.


We show that there is a strong relation between the bulk modulus and elastic deformation characteristics of ULK organosilicate glasses. Our results indicate that the degree of deviation from homogeneous translation of the simulation cell deformation to molecular level is related to the constraints imposed by the precursor geometry and mean network connectivity of the structure. Characterization of this relation for a range of hybrid glasses that have different precursor geometries and network connectivity values is an important step towards establishing a robust molecular level design criteria to achieve desired mechanical properties of ULK glass materials.


We report the realization of the largest reconfigurable quantum photonic processor enabling arbitrary unitary transformations on its 20 input & output modes with an average fibre-to-fibre loss of 2.9 dB/channel. High-fidelity operation and high-visibility quantum interference is demonstrated.


Conventional point cloud registration methods usually employ an encoder-decoder architecture, where mid-level features are locally aggregated to extract geometric information. However, the over-reliance on local features may raise the boundary points cannot be adequately matched for two point clouds. To address this issue, we argue that the boundary features can be further enhanced by the rotation information, and propose a rotation invariant representation to replace common 3D Cartesian coordinates as the network inputs that enhances generalization to arbitrary orientations. Based on this technique, we propose rotation invariant Transformer for point cloud registration, which utilizes insensitivity to arrangement and quantity of data in the Transformer module to capture global structural knowledge within local parts for overall comprehension of each point clouds. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experimental on ModelNet40 evaluations show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


D2O used in nuclear power generation is very slightly different from H2O. Deuterium (D) is the isotope of hydrogen (H) and has one more neutron than H. D2O is heaver than H2O by about 11% and its melting and boiling points are 3.81° C and 101.42° C, respectively. Moreover, D2O is toxic. It is harmful for human body if it replaces more than approximately 25–50% of a human's body water. So, knowledge of the properties of D2O included in H2O is necessary. The confinement energy and hydrogen bonding energy of large molecules are in the terahertz frequency region (2∼10 THz, 3∼66 cm−1). Particularly, the polar molecules such as H2O and D2O react to this frequency region well because the time of hydrogen relaxation motion is subpicosecond. Terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS) using terahertz pulses has been used in the study of ultrafast dynamics of hydrogen bonds in biomolecules and carriers in semiconductors. We obtained the refractive index and power absorption of H2O and D2O at room temperature. The results show that the refractive index and power absorption of H2O are larger than for D2O.D2O used in nuclear power generation is very slightly different from H2O. Deuterium (D) is the isotope of hydrogen (H) and has one more neutron than H. D2O is heaver than H2O by about 11% and its melting and boiling points are 3.81° C and 101.42° C, respectively. Moreover, D2O is toxic. It is harmful for human body if it replaces more than approximately 25–50% of a human's body water. So, knowledge of the properties of D2O included in H2O is necessary. The confinement energy and hydrogen bonding energy of large molecules are in the terahertz frequency region (2∼10 THz, 3∼66 cm−1). Particularly, the polar molecules such as H2O and D2O react to this frequency region well because the time of hydrogen relaxation motion is subpicosecond. Terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS) using terahertz pulses has been used in the study of ultrafast dynamics of hydrogen bonds in biomolecules and carriers in semiconductors. We obtained the refractive index and power absorption of H2O and D2O at room temperature. The ...


The present invention is to provide a three-dimensional image display apparatus, a manufacturing method and a method of reducing boundary irregularity which contribute to reduce and relieve the 3D boundaries of the non-uniform viewing angle, cross talk in the vertical direction, the three-dimensional image display system and the retarder pattern. At least it has a pattern retardation plate disposed on the visual side of the image display panel and the image display panel, a pattern retardation plate, the support and, the in-plane slow axis, at least one of a direction and a phase different from each other on the support and, in a stripe form alternately in the first phase difference area and the second pattern having a phase difference region optically anisotropic layer disposed on at least has the support by, the end of the following the pattern of the pattern is optically anisotropic layer direction, the direction along the pattern of the pattern is optically anisotropic layer meander width of the linearity in the vertical direction of the is 0.0195% or less of the length in the vertical direction with respect to the direction along the pattern of the pattern is optically anisotropic layer of the image display panel.


Abstract In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, prelates such as Borromeo of Milan and de Sales of Geneva, began to reinvigorate this hierarchical office, offering models of episcopal government, discipline and pastorate for other prelates to adopt throughout the Catholic 'Reformation' church. This article examines a central aspect of this formation: the ways in which the episcopal office could become a weapon in profound theological conflicts over grace, salvation, morality and ecclesiology. In mid-seventeenth-century France, the militant protagonists in the internationally notorious Jansenist conflict used controversial models and theories of episcopacy to defend their own views of morality and doctrine and to condemn their opponents as disobedient traitors of saintly and revered 'bishops', including ancients such as Augustine and the Apostles, and near contemporaries such as the famous Borromeo and de Sales. Their adaptation and manipulation of episcopacy highlights the profound dangers that the Catholic church encountered when its members sought to resurrect and energize the office of bishop within the powerful religious and political movement for Catholic reform.


Ethical issues are unavoidable in everyday clinical practice. Clinical ethics provides a structured approach for identifying, analysing and resolving ethical issues that arise in health care practice. The theme of this year's International Centre for Nursing Ethics Conference is 'Clinical ethics across the lifespan' and here I take the opportunity to share some ideas relating to the conference theme. My research and practice involvement with clinical ethics is informed by empirical and conceptual work in nursing ethics and from practice experience. I have worked as a quality and development manager in a health care organization, where I experienced a frontline view of health care delivery from patient complaint and feedback systems. Clinical ethics has to do with patient care. Good clinical practice requires knowledge about ethical issues, such as informed consent, autonomy, privacy, truth-telling, dignity, patients' rights, end-of-life questions and individuality. Medical and nursing care, even on the most technical and scientific levels, is an encounter between human beings. The provision of care, planning, assessment of needs, implementation of planned care and evaluation is embedded in a moral context. Health care professionals may have their own ways of discussing ethical issues. However, nursing ethics shares many principles with medical ethics, such as beneficence, non-maleficence and respect for autonomy. One of the most important fundamental values in health care and nursing ethics is the right to be respected as an individual. This requires sensitivity to the human needs and problems that are peculiar to specific patients. Nurses are morally obligated to respect the individuality and uniqueness of all those receiving nursing care. Individualized care is a type of nursing care delivery that takes into account patients' personal characteristics relating to their clinical condition and situation, their personal life situation and their preferences, thus promoting decisional control over their own care and their participation in decision making. Individualized care has been a longstanding tradition in nursing. It may deal with the question of how care is organized, but an important notion is the imaginative element concerning communication between practitioner and patient. This communication is unique. An individual is a person who thinks or behaves in a different way from other people. The word 'individual' is not used synonymously with person, although it is appropriate in situations where a single person is being considered in contrast to a group. Individuality is the quality or character that distinguishes one person from all others and the state of existing as an individual. 'Individually' means one at a time, singly, one by one, separately, severally or apart. The word 'individualize' took on a special meaning in the nursing context in the 1970s; that is, to treat or notice individually. From a philosophical point of view, individuality is an entity that cannot be divided and is not relative to circumstances. Individuality is an entity, even after we die. The current drive towards increased cost-effectiveness seems to promote the routinization of care, with standardized care pathways developed for patient groups. Over the last decade clinical guidelines have also


The all-phase fast Flourier transform is adopted to analyze the harmonic and inter-harmonic of coal mine grid based on a detailed comparison of the current analytical methods for harmonic and inter-harmonic according to the grid load characteristic. In harmonic measurement,it compares the simulation results of all-phase fast Flourier transform with Hanning-based window interpolation method,B-H based window interpolation method,and Blackman based interpolation method. It is found that the accuracy of all-phase fast Fourier transform is higher than that of other methods. In inter-harmonic measurement,it compares the accuracy of all-phase fast Flourier transform with the Rife-Vincent(Ⅲ) window,and the simulation results show that the accuracy the phase and frequency of inter-harmonic with all-phase fast Flourier transform is higher than the Rife-Vincent(Ⅲ) window. The simulation results show that Fourier correction algorithm based on all phase can effectively measure and analyze the even and odd harmonics,as well as the specific harmonic of the inter-harmonic,and it has the advantages of high precision and high reliability.


There have been several attempts to stabilize the rice bran using traditional physical, mathematical, and statistical methods for precise modeling but it is computationally laborious. In this study, the drying kinetics of the rice bran in prediction of the moisture loss was modelled through the neuro-fuzzy approach. The input parameters that were considered were microwave power, rotation speed, drying time, load capacity and vacuum pressure. A fuzzy inference system is designed to generate the rules of fuzzy logic where inputs of these are from the output of the trained neural network. Based on the result, it was found out that developed system was able to predict the moisture loss with error rate of 0.00014627.