Inverted (A/E) chemically induced dynamic electron polarization (CIDEP) is observed for random encounters of radical pairs such as the phenoxyl radical together with either e a q - or the radical anion of benzoate. A number of experiments have been carried out to clarify the relationship of the energetics of the reaction of oxidizing and reducing radicals to CIDEP behavior. Steady-state and time-resolved ESR experiments were carried out to determine the sense of F-pair CIDEP for a number of different radical pairs consisting of a phenoxyl radical together with one of a series of radical anions of para-substituted benzoates. Inverted polarization (A/E) was found for e a q - or the radical anions of benzoate and 4-methyl, 4-methoxy, and 4-carboxybenzoates in the presence of phenoxyl or 4-methylphenoxyl radicals. Other radical anions such as those of 4-formylbenzoate showed normal polarization. The pair consisting of e a q - with the p-benzosemiquinone radical anion also showed inverted polarization, but normal polarization was seen for all radical anions paired with the semiquinone radical anion. The corresponding excited-state energies of the reaction product (phenolate anion or hydroquinone dianion) were determined from the emission spectra, and the energies of the radical pairs were estimated from electrochemical experiments. The inverted CIDEP is clearly the result of a change in the normal energy ordering of the radical-pair states so that the triplet state is lower. The observations are discussed in terms of the electron-transfer reaction within the radical pairs using the approach presented by Kobori et al. (Kobori, Y.; Sekiguchi, S.; Akiyama, K.; Tero-Kubota, S. J. Phys. Chem. A 1999, 103, 5416. Kobori, Y.; Akiyama, K.; Tero-Kubota, S. J. Chem. Phys 2000, 113, 465).


: Ceramic-metal based high power LED array package was developed via thick film LTCC technology using a glass-ceramic insulation layer and a silver conductor patterns directly printed on the aluminum heat sink substrate. The thermal resistance measurement using thermal transient tester revealed that ceramic-metal base LED package exhibited a superior heat dissipation property to compare with the previously known packaging method such as FR-4 based MCPCB. A prototype LED package sub-module with 50 watts power rating was fabricated using a ceramic-metal base chip-on-a board technology with minimized camber deformation during heat treatment by using partially covered glass-ceramic insulation layer design onto the aluminum heat spread substrate. This modified circuit design resulted in a camber-free packaging substrate and an enhanced heat transfer property compared with conventional MCPCB package. In addition, the partially covered design provided a material cost reduction compared with the fully covered one.


Taking advantage of sense perception regularity in the teaching of primary maths can not only lighten students' burden , but also improve efficicncy teaching and learning.


We developed a procedure for the large-scale purification of bovine interferon-tau (boIFN-tau) by means of a silkworm-baculovirus gene expression system. Recombinant boIFN-tau (rboIFN-tau) was efficiently produced in the silkworm infected with boIFN-tau cDNA recombinant baculovirus and accumulated in the haemolymph. To establish a purification method suitable for mass production, we tried three crude purification methods, namely, an acidification and neutralization treatment (ANT), silica gel column chromatography (SGCC), and Blue sepharose column chromatography (BSCC) with a combination of Q-sepharose (QSC) and chelating sepharose column chromatographies (CSCC). As a result, the acidification and neutralization treatment was found to be the most efficient and cost effective. With this combination, we obtained 91% pure products. To confirm the applicability of the procedure for mass production, we inoculated 100 silkworms with the recombinant virus, and recovered about 4.55 mg (1.26 x 10(8)U/mg) of 91% pure rboIFN-tau by means of a combination of the ANT, followed by QSC and CSCC.


PURPOSE. To evaluate the surgical outcomes and fusion rate following lumbar fusion surgeries in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to kidney function.METHODS. From March 2017 to February 2021, 54 consecutive adult patients with CKD who underwent spine fusion surgery were enrolled. According to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) categories, 35 patients were classified into the non-end-stage renal disease (ESRD) group (GFR categories 3a–4, eGFR 15–59 mL/min/1.73 m2) and 19 patients into the ESRD group (GFR category 5, eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2).RESULTS. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the groups. The mean number of fused vertebrae (4.9 ± 2.3 vs. 4.1 ± 2.0, p = 0.122), operative time (228.4 ± 129.6 min vs. 160.5 ± 87.5 min, p = 0.113), and surgical bleeding (743.1 ± 630.5 mL vs. 539.5 ± 384.4 mL, p = 0.354) did not differ between the groups. The rates of medical complications (25.7% vs. 52.6%, p = 0.048) and 3-month readmission (8.6% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.045) were significantly different between the groups. The 3-month mortality tended to be higher in the ESRD group (10.5%) than which in the non-ESRD group (2.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.280). The rate of pseudarthrosis was significantly higher in the ESRD group (35.3%) than in the non-ESRD group (9.1%, p = 0.047).CONCLUSIONS. Surgeons should be aware of the high morbidity and the pseudarthrosis when considering spine surgeries in patients with ESRD.


The thesis consists of a summary and four self-contained papers. Paper [I] examines the effects of interregional migration on gross earnings in married and cohabiting couples. In particular, we examine the link between education level and income gains. We find that pre-migration education level is a key determinant of migration and economic outcomes and is also a determinant of the effect of migration on income distribution within the household. The positive average effect on household earnings is largely explained by income gains among highly-educated males. Females generally experience no significant income gain from migration in absolute terms. Paper [II] analyzes the effect of the spouse's education on individual earnings. In this study, we control for time-invariant heterogeneity that may be correlated with the spouse's education level and use a rich data set that includes observations of individuals when they are single and when they are married. The results support the hypothesis of cross-productivity for both males and females. Furthermore, couples with education within the same field experience even larger effects. In Paper [III] we aim to study how the spouse's productivity in the labor market affects one's own individual earnings when married. Using longitudinal data on individuals as both single and married allows us to estimate the spouses' productivity as single persons and thereby avoid problems of endogeneity between the two spouses' labor market performances. Productivity is approximated with residuals from estimates of pre-marriage earnings equations. Results indicate that there are negative effects of the spouse's productivity on individual earnings for both males and females, and that this effect appears to be enhanced by the duration of the marriage. Paper [IV] studies spousal matching on earnings for females in secondorder marriages. We aim to follow women who marry, divorce, and subsequently remarry compared with females who marry and stay married over the course of the study interval. Overall, we find significant positive correlations for all three of the marital partitions. The correlation tends to be smaller for the first of a sequence of marriages for women who divorce than for women who marry and stay so. For the second of the successive marriages, however, the correlation of the residuals is larger than that for women who marry but once.


The market for Game is gradually expanding every year, but most of games are disappearing. For this Reason, User have chosen games based on external factors, and users have been not able to choose customized games for users. Thus, This study aim to provide customized game contents to users among 6 content (logic, space, word, nature, body, music) by making a immersion evaluation model using the Csikszentmihalyi's theory of flow and Gardner"s theory of multiple intelligence. First, it is assumed that the definition of immersion can be obtained as an arousal which is an axis of the emotion criterion. Then, after learning the arousal classification model based on the head micro-vibration as emotion signal, the immersion evaluation system is verified through the evaluation with the multi-intelligence theory. As a result, the user can be informed of what contents are most immersed in the content, and allow to choose the game suitable for himself.


The power transmission tower is a key part of the transmission line, the waist width shall be calculated correctly during two dimensional drawing and tower lofting, which is the fundamental to correct fabrication and assembly of the steel tower. In this paper, we deeply analyzed the connection mode of the principal in the variable slope tower body and the tower section of different size, on the basis of deep analysis of the alignment principle of the rod member main materials in the angle steel tower, calculation of the waist width at every tower section is solved through the double tangent circle method. In this way, we calculated the waist widths of the variable slope multiple tower bodies and the unchanged slope multiple tower sections accurately when ridges aligned. The method is tested and verified in several projects and the corresponding calculation program is written by VC++. Experiments in several projects show that the method is stable and reliable, which can meet the demand of the engineering well.


Both gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and blazars have relativistic jets pointing at a small angle from our line of sight. Several recent studies suggested that these two kinds of sources may share similar jet physics. In this work, we explore the variability properties for GRBs and blazars as a whole. We find that the correlation between minimum variability time-scale (MTS) and Lorentz factor, Gamma, as found only in GRBs by Sonbas et al. can be extended to blazars with a joint correlation of MTS. alpha Gamma(-4.7 +/- 0.3). The same applies to the MTS. L-gamma(-1.0 +/- 0.1). correlation as found in GRBs, which can be well extended into blazars as well. These results provide further evidence that the jets in these two kinds of sources are similar despite of the very different mass scale of their central engines. Further investigations of the physical origin of these correlations are needed, which can shed light on the nature of the jet physics.


Globalization is a word that suffers from overuse. Still, behind the overstretched concept lies the reality of an economic world that is not fully contained nor constrained by national boundaries. Economic organization and coordination increasingly reach across national borders and the impact is being felt both within the transnational sphere and, through rebound and indirect impact, at the national level as well. We started this book by acknowledging the need to take into account this transnational reality and its potentially quite significant impact. We now want to point, however, to its full complexity. [First paragraph]


Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease that carries significant mortality. Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances in recent years, there is still a significant percentage of patients who do not present a complete clinical response, with the associated increase in morbidity and mortality. Specifically, pulmonary disease is frequent and entails a poor prognosis, with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary hypertension (PAH) being the two most important complications, the first and second cause of mortality, respectively.To evaluate the prevalence of ILD and/or PAH in patients affected by SSc and to determine the factors associated with ILD.Cross-sectional observational study of 102 patients diagnosed with SSc (Limited, Diffuse, SSc without scleroderma or Pre-scleroderma), treated between 1975 and 2020 at the Reina Sofia University Hospital in Cordoba. A descriptive study of the cohort was carried out and factors independently associated with ILD were evaluated using a multiple logistic regression model.102 patients were included, 87.3% of these were female with an average age of 50.8 (14) years. There were 20 deaths (19.8%), from which 55% died because of SSc and the main reason was ILD and/or PAH. Respiratory complications (as ILD or as PAH) were present in 59 patients (57.8%), of whom 52 were diagnosed with ILD (90.4% with a pattern of non-specific interstitial pneumonia) and 25 PAH, whose mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure was 47.16 (18.54) mmHg. Anti-topoisomerase I antibodies were positive in 34.6% of patients who developed ILD, while anticentromere antibodies were more frequent in SSc without interstitial lung disease (80%). Independent factors associated with ILD were type of SSc, proximal skin involvement, anticentromere antibodies, current treatment with corticoids and the death.Just over half of the patients with SSc have lung disease (as ILD or as PAH). The main risk factors associated with ILD are proximal skin involvement and treatment with glucocorticoids, probably in the context of more severe forms that require more treatment. Anticentromere antibodies are more prevalent in patients with Limited SSc and their expression decreases the risk of developing ILD in these patients.[1]Orlandi M, Barsotti S, Lepri G, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018 Jul-Aug; 36 Suppl 113: 3-23[2]Hao Y, Hudson M, Baron M, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69(5):1067-1077.[3]Furue M, Mitoma C, Mitoma H, et al. Immunol Res. 2017 Aug; 65: 790-7.[4]Nihtyanova SI, Schreiber BE, Ong VH, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Jun; 66: 1625-35.None declared.


Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the retention of clinical pharmacology knowledge among the students who had completed the Integrated Basic Medical Sciences program. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among the 2nd year exit students of National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal during the month of September 2013. Students' responses were collected through a survey questionnaire prepared on the basis of renowned pharmacology text books including Katzung's Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Bennett and Brown's Clinical Pharmacology, Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics and Rang and Dale's Pharmacology. The questionnaire was distributed among the participants and they were requested to tick the correct response independently. Data were entered in SPSS version 11.5 and evaluated for descriptive and inferential analyses using the Chi square test and Paired samples t test. Results: About 58% of the students were males and more than 66% of the total students were from different parts of India. The mean scores ± standard deviations from the syllabus of first and second years were 9.08 ±3.34 and 11.67 ±3.54 respectively; and the scores were positively and significantly correlated (r=0.542, p<0.001). The difference in means of scores was 2.59 (95% CI: 2.02 to 3.15). Conclusions: The retention of clinical pharmacology knowledge is significantly lower from the first year syllabus than that from the second year which clearly indicates a decline in clinical pharmacology knowledge with passage of time.


Objective: To observe the anatomical features of spina lamin a vertebrae inferior(SLVI) and study its clinical significance in the Microendos copy discectomy(MED). Methods: The SLVI was observed in 42 sets of dried adult v ertebrae and 10 segments of lumbosacrovertebral column. The influence on the ner ve root canal, and on the effect of MED was analyzed. Results: SLVI was found at the anterior portion of inferior border of vertebral laminae, where it was near the incisura lamina vertebrae lateralis. SLVI was a bony spina with its apex do wnward, and presented in some thoracic or lumbar vertebrae. Its occurrence rate was 83.3% individually in our samples. The highest occurrence rate was found at the 12th thoracic vertebra which might be up to 52.4%. The distribution of SLVI was irregular. It presented more at the thoraco lumbar section. Conclusions: SLV I is a bony structure contributing to the posterior wall of the nerve root canal . It may cause the nerve roots to be compressed. It may be broken in the operati on of MED and results in the damage of the passing nerve roots, so it is necessa ry to be named.


Wave functions, phase shifts and corresponding elastic cross sections are investigated for two short-range interacting particles in a deformed external oscillator field. For this we use the equivalent d -method employing a non-integer dimension d . Using a square-well potential, we derive analytic expressions for scattering lengths and phase shifts. In particular, we consider the dimension, d E , for infinite scattering length, where the Efimov effect occurs by addition of a third particle. We give explicitly the equivalent continuum wave functions in d and ordinary three dimensional (3D) space, and show that the phase shifts are the same in both methods. Consequently the d -method can be used to obtain low-energy two-body elastic cross sections in an external field.


Technology plays a vital role in every field of life especially in business and education. Electronic commerce (EC) begins in the year of 1991 right after internet was introduced for commercial use [1]. It is known to be the 12th five years' plan (2011 to 2015) of Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The main objective of this study is to highlight the latest academic research trends on different topics or themes of EC in China by using university digital resources that is digital library. In order to obtain these latest academic trends, we have conducted bibliometric study and collected data from digital library for last six years i.e. from 2010 to 2015. The main motivation to choose this research topic and China was the worldwide reputation of this country, as top EC country in the world due to its high number of online users, and also impact of five years' Chinese government EC plan and policy. So, due to these facts we have established our research questions related to EC research trends in China to explore the answer of our Research Question: What are the latest research trends in the field of electronic commerce in China since 2010? As we wanted to know the answer thus we collected data through digital library and analyzed them fully to get a brief outlook about this EC trend. Result showed that a lot of research was already conducted on EC topics in China on different themes during the said duration. We can conclude that, this research trends showed that EC is a potential research field in China due to government five year EC policies or plan and to promote IT culture in Chinese society. This research provides guideline to the government IT policy makers and also academia researcher to be more focused on few topics or themes, where China is lacking behind, as leading EC country in the world.


Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is associated with multiple conditions, including cardiovascular abnormalities with elevated central venous pressure such as Fontan operation. Apart from PLE, another complication in these patients is sinus node dysfunction, which may limit cardiac output, contributing to PLE. A girl with a complex congenital heart disease who underwent a Fontan operation, presented at the age of 11 years with peripheral edema without signs of malnutrition. Blood tests revealed hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin 2.5 g/dl), lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG 190, IgA: 53.4, and IgM: 23.4 mg/dl). Renal and liver function were normal, but a 1 -antitrypsin excretion in stool was indicative for PLE (448 mg/dl, normal values <54 mg/dl). Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) was performed to investigate further the cause of PLE which revealed white villi and extensive muco-sal edema in the duodenum and jejunum. A high protein (3-4 gr/kg) and low-fat diet (20-22 % of the daily energy intake) supplemented with medium-chain triglyceride (12-15 %) was initiated. The patient was also taking essential fatty acids and lipid soluble vitamins. Transient clinical improvement occurred after the initiation of the diet with recession of peripheral edema, but her albumin levels continued to be low (2.9 g/dl) for the next two years. Because of sinus node dys-function at the age of 13, a permanent epicardial pacemaker was implanted. After this, there was a significant clinical and laboratory improvement with increased serum albumin levels (3.9 g/dl) and decreased a 1 -antitrypsin excretion in stool. The presented case is rare and there is limited published data regarding the use of VCE for diagnosis PLE (addition-ally to a 1 -antitrypsin) as well as the clinical improvement after implantation of a pacemaker 1,2 . There are two theories about the pathophysiologic mechanism of PLE after Fontan procedure: one theory suggests that elevation in the systemic venous pressure leads to dilation of the lymphatics within the gastrointestinal tract, while another one suggests that the low cardiac output leads to decreased intestinal perfusion and increased epithelial permeability, leading to protein leakage into the gut lumen. There is also an element of chronic inflammation in PLE secondary to low cardiac output 3 . In our patient, extensive edema revealed by VCE could be indicative of chronic inflammation secondary to low cardiac output. The restriction of long-chain triglycerides in the diet (which decreases the lymphatic circulation) had only partial and transient clinical improvement. Hence the effective treatment was the implantation of the pacemaker, which increased the cardiac output and improved the epithelial permeability of the intestine, leading to an increase of serum albumin levels. We did not consider it necessary to undergo a new VCE after applying the pacemaker, as the symptoms had subsided completely and the cost of the examination is substantial. In conclusion, PLE should be suspected in any patient undergoing Fontan operation. VCE might be useful in the differential diagnosis of the underlying mechanism of PLE and the follow-up evaluation of the treatment effectiveness. Atrial pacing should be considered as a possible intervention to treat PLE especially for patients with signs and symptoms of sinus node dysfunction.


White light emitting diodes (LEDs) are environmentally friendly lighting systems because of their low energy consumption and long lifetime. White LEDs are combinations of a blue LED and one or more phosphor materials. Rare earth doped nitridosilicates can be applied as phosphor in such white LEDs. Their advantages are a high thermal quenching temperature and a high stability [1,2]. Since the emission characteristics in these materials depend highly on the local environment of the dopant ions, a direct investigation of their neighborhood is necessary to optimize the phosphor.
The photoluminescence of the rare earth doped nitridosilicates Ca2Si5N8:Ce and Ca2Si5N8:Eu was investigated in detail. Furthermore the incorporation of the dopant ions in the Ca2Si5N8 host lattice was investigated using x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Exafs data were collected at the BM01 (SNBL) and BM23 beamlines at the ESRF synchrotron facility in Grenoble (France).
This study reports on the structure of the rare earth centers and the influence of a Li codopant on the emission spectrum, thermal quenching temperature and quantum efficiency of the phosphor. We found that the rare earth dopants, i.e. Ce and Eu, occupy both Ca2+ sites in the monoclinic host lattice, albeit with some preferential substitution (figure 1). From the x-ray absorption spectra it is found that Ca2Si5N8:Eu only contains Eu2+, and remarkably Ca2Si5N8:Ce contains not only Ce3+ but also an unexpected large fraction of Ce4+, which is known to be a luminescence killer [3]. It was proven both on the micro-scale (with SEM-CL and SEM-EDX mapping) and nano-scale (with Exafs) that this is not due to the presence of extra phases like CeO2. Moreover, because the fraction of Ce4+ shows the inverse trend as the quantum efficiency, it is believed that Ce4+ indeed builds into the lattice. It is thought that the most probable way for the Ce ions to do this is via two Ce3+ ions together with a nearby Ca2+ vacancy or via one Ce4+ ion with one nearby vacancy, since such clusters respect electrostatic equilibrium.
In such cases of doping with Ce, Li+ is sometimes added as a codopant for charge compensation. Such codoping makes the previous cluster superfluous and the Ce ions rather build into the lattice with one or two Li+ ions nearby. This change in local Ce structure in codoped and non-codoped samples is investigated with Exafs.
Photoluminescence measurements show that adding a codopant during synthesis does not affect the emission spectrum but influences the thermal quenching temperature and quantum efficiency of the phosphor – both of which can be explained by looking at the change in the local environment of the luminescent ion.


Cloud Computing is an environment made in client's machine from an online application stored on the cloud and run through a web browser for storing and accessing data and programs over the web in spite of our computer's hard drive. In the cloud storage, load balancing is a key issue. It would consume a lot of cost to maintain load information, since the system is too huge to timely disperse load. Load balancing is one of the main challenges in cloud computing which is required to distribute the dynamic workload across multiple nodes to ensure that no single node is overwhelmed. It helps in optimal utilization of resources and hence in enhancing the performance of the system. A few existing scheduling algorithms can maintain load balancing and provide better strategies through efficient job scheduling and resource allocation techniques as well. In order to gain maximum profits with optimized load balancing algorithms, it is necessary to utilize resources efficiently. Cloud computing employs web resources to execute large-scale tasks. Hence, for selecting proper node for executing a task is able to increase the performance of large-scale cloud computing environment. Keywords— Cloud Computing; Load Balancing; Distributed System; Scheduling.


The treatment and design of public space in a city have supreme importance and have been ignored for many years now, which not only harms and alters the order and the way of citizen's life but also detaches the user and the space where they live taking out their identity and also dwells stop feeling proprietaries of the space. To exhibit and generate conscience to people nowadays about the loss of social cohesion throughout the time, is one of the principal aims to trying and solve in the project. Offering spaces with quality and comfort and also equipment for helping users to recover the link between each other, to develop and stimulate their aptitudes, to offer a better access and sharing information bearing in mind that, only the cognitive development can help to leave misery not only to economic but also cultural and spiritually. The relations between users, habitants of the city or foreign, is necessary; nevertheless, to integrate the natural space inside an urban space it's considered with the same importance as the alliance of spaces and users because without these characteristics, cities start working in a damaging and untidy way because by not respecting the above mentioned links and without a long-term design of the city, these last ones tend to decline and the solutions imply major problematic for the place.


A photoelectric material, a method for preparing the photoelectric material, and a photoelectric device containing the photoelectric material are provided to obtain excellent photoelectric effect without using rare indium or harmful cadmium. A photoelectric material is represented by AXYY', wherein A is an element of the group 11; X is an element of the group 15; and Y and Y' are identical or different each other and are an element of the group 16 in the periodic table. Preferably A is copper(Cu), X is arsenic(As), Y is sulfur(S), and Y' is selenium(Se). The photoelectric material is prepared by depositing a first material represented by X2Y3 on a substrate; depositing a second material represented by AY'2 on the first material; and heat treating the first material and the second material.


In order to resist the attack caused by artrarily cropping the watermarked image, A localied digital watermarking algorithm was put forward. A few feature points are retrived by Mexican-Hat wavelet transform. The watermarks are seperrately inserted into the wavelet domain of local regions, whose centers are the stable feature points of the image, by quantifying the single DWT coefficient. The watermatks can be detected without knowing the original image. Experiments show that the local digital watermarking proposed in this paper is very robust to JPEG,JPEG2000 compressing and arbitrarily cropping,on condition that the cropped image must contain an embedded waternarks region at least.


Abstract Contemporary visual art practice includes a strand of ecological and environmentalist work, developed independently in Europe and the USA, one aspect of which is the development of practical solutions to industrial pollution, another the use of shock tactics to draw attention to the green agenda and the underlying contradictions of capitalism which produce environmental destruction. Amongst artists in this field are Mel Chin (USA) and the London-based group PLATFORM. The essay looks at aspects of their work, and argues that the viral-like approach of which both Chin and PLATFORM write offers a realizable prospect for radical social change — change in which art has the role of agency.


It is argued why, contrary to expectations, steep brane-inflation cannot really help in overcoming the η problem of quintessential inflation model building. In contrast it is shown that the problem is substantially ameliorated under the curvaton hypothesis. This is quantified by considering possible modular quintessential inflationary models in the context of both standard and brane cosmology.


Abstract A dispersion analysis is performed to estimate the stopband characteristics of electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures with defected ground structures (DGS) of various shapes. Design guidelines are suggested for both elliptical and rectangular DGS patterns that result in a maximum stopband bandwidth for a given perforation area. This method provides a basis for numerical optimization techniques that can be used in synthesizing DGS shapes to meet bandgap requirements and layout constraints. Key Words : Defected Ground Structure (DGS), Dispersion Analysis, Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG), Power/Ground Noise. Manuscript received November 3, 2014 ; Revised December 2, 2014 ; Accepted December 12, 2014. (ID No. 20141103-054J) 1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea. 2 Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Korea. *Corresponding Author: Dong Gun Kam (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ⓒ Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.


Cooperative Road Hazard Warning (C-RHW) is an event-driven and active road safety application and is performed through direct V2V/I2V communications. Whether or not a C-RHW application could work well is much dependent on the application-working pattern, the current spatial-temporal relation with the hazard area, and network performance. This paper proposes to analyze and simulate C-RHW applications through extensive simulation. We find that for the design of a feasible C-RHW application, the allowable minimum value of sending frequency should not be below 10 Hz, and much attention should be paid to improve the transmission latency. The results are expected to guide the design and deployment of collision avoidance systems.


Abatan, Ayo and Hurang Hu. Effect of Cross Section Material Distribution on Impact Response of Hybrid Composites, 15 (5), 375–387. Arencón, D. and J. I. Velasco. The Influence of Injection-Molding Variables and Nucleating Additives on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Short Glass Fiber/ PET Composites, 15 (4), 317–336. Beard, Shawn and Fu-Kuo Chang. Design of Braided Composites for Energy Absorption, 15 (1), 3–12. Bechtold, G., S. Wiedmer and K. Friedrich. Pultrusion of Thermoplastic Composites – New Developments and Modelling Studies, 15 (5), 443–465. Bergsma, O. K. Approximation of Mechanical Properties of Sheared Fabrics, 15 (1), 65–75. Byon, O. and Y. Aoki. Analytical Application of Localized Flexibility Method Combined with Finite Element Analysis to Damage Detection of CFRP Laminated Plates, 15 (2), 115–126. Chan, Wen S. and Lee Ann Johnson. Analysis of Fiber/Matrix Interface in Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Composites, 15 (5), 389–402. Chen, Jiye. Predicting Progressive Delamination of Stiffened Fibre-Composite Panel and Repaired Sandwich Panel by Decohesion Models, 15 (5), 429–442. Cyras, V. P., J. F. Martucci, S. Iannace and A. Vázquez. Influence of the Fiber Content and the Processing Conditions on the Flexural Creep Behavior of Sisal–PCL–Starch Composites, 15 (3), 253–265. Dano, M.-L., G. Gendron and H. Mir. Mechanics of Damage and Degradation in Random Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites, 15 (2), 169–177. Hahn, F., C. W. Kensche, R. J. H. Paynter, A. G. Dutton, C. Kildegaard and J. Kosgaard. Design, Fatigue Test and NDE of a Sectional Wind Turbine Rotor Blade, 15 (3), 267–277. Hivet, Gilles., Jean Launay, Alain Gasser, Jean Luc Daniel and Philippe Boisse. Mechanical Behavior of Woven Composite Reinforcements While Forming, 15 (6), 545–545. Iarve, E. V. and R. Kim. Three-Dimensional Fracture Analysis and Experimental Investigation of Model Unidirectional Discontinuous Tow Composite Laminates, 15 (6), 469–476. Joseph, P. V., Zachariah Oommen, Kurivilla Joseph and Sabu Thomas. Melt Rheological Behaviour of Short Sisal Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites, 15 (2), 89–114. Kowsika, Murthy V. S. L. N., P. Raju Mantena and K. Balasubramaniam. Energy Absorption and Dissipation Characteristics of Pultruded Glass-Graphite/Epoxy Hybrid Composite Beams, 15 (3), 227–252. 557


ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the efficacy of 2% rebamipide suspension with topical cyclosporine and tacrolimus for managing vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) Methods In this prospective, interventional study, 38 patients with moderate to severe VKC were allocated to receive either 2% rebamipide in one eye and 0.03% tacrolimus ointment in the contralateral eye (n = 19) or 2% rebamipide in one eye and 0.05% cyclosporine in the contralateral eye (n = 19) for 12 weeks. Ten ocular signs and 7 symptoms were graded on a scale of 0-3 each for each eye at every visit. Results Total sign and symptom scores reduced significantly in all 4 subgroups (all p's <0.05) at 12 weeks. Reduction of mean sign scores between rebamipide and tacrolimus (- 4.67 ± 4.63 and - 2.80 ± 3.18 respectively) and between rebamipide and cyclosporine (-6.00 ± 3.74 and -5.42 ± 3.68 respectively) was comparable. Reduction in symptom scores was also comparable between subgroups. Conclusion Our findings suggest that efficacy of topical rebamipide is comparable to topical cyclosporine and tacrolimus for managing moderate to severe VKC and it merits further evaluation as a novel steroid sparing alternative for this disorder.


We have reported previously concerning a reaction appearing on the ears of rabbits 1 subsequent to an injection of either whole horse serum or fractions thereof, which may be considered as analogous to serum-sickness-causing activity of the various serum proteins led to the suggestion that the more important substance concerned in causing serum-sickness may be some agent other than the proteins themselves although this agent appears to be associated with the pseudoglobulin. 3 It has been found that by the addition of adequate quantities of alkali or acid to serum (normal or immune), exposure of the mixture to heat and subsequent neutralization, the serum-sickness-causing activity may be destroyed so that rabbits injected with the customary amounts of serum will not develop manifestations of the disease. In order to minimize or prevent damage to antibody incident to this type of treatment of serum, it is necessary to adjust the various factors concerned in the treatment of the serum. Six factors must be considered: 1, The amount of alkali used (between 0.2 gm. and 0.1 gm. for 100 cc. of serum when using NaOH); 2, the dilution of the mixture (from 1:2 to 1:10); 3, the temperature to which the mixture is exposed (from 45°C. to 55°C.); 4, the time of exposure (from 30 min. to 18 hr.); 5, the type of antibody in the serum; 6, the particular sample of serum being treated. The first 4 factors must be balanced against each other in relation to the last 2 factors. By this method the serum-sickness-causing factor may be destroyed so that rabbits receiving treated serum (10 cc. per kg.) do not develop serum-sickness while rabbits injected with the same untreated serum develop manifestations of serum-sickness in 6 of 10 animals. In sera which are no longer active in causing serum-sickness, from 50% to 100% of the original protective antibody is retained.


Anal Vector Volumetry: A Bridge Too Far To the Editor—I commend Schizas et al for their review concerning vector volumetry. Vector volume is, however, no more than a mathematical construct with no intrinsic units, where the more lumina used, the more data points obtained. For an average sphincter length (withdrawal speed 1 cm s ), there are about 15,000 integrated data points creating each 3-dimensional polygon, where spline-curve interpolation varies with the speed of catheter withdrawal. The important points are whether vector volumetry provides more information than conventional manometry and whether symmetry indices correlate with sector defects demonstrated endosonographically. Concerning the first point, few comparisons of the 2 techniques exist, where we have shown that vector volume parameters mirror those obtained conventionally. Regarding the second point, there is an expected pressure ordering from patients with incontinence through prolapse and normal patients to those with fissure, but there are no specific sectorial differences. Samarasekara et al showed that global vector symmetry indices were inaccurate in locating sphincter defects and were only precise in the distal centimeter of the anal canal, implying the need for ultrasonographically directed vector manometry and somewhat defeating its purpose. Moreover, vector manometry ignores constitutive differences in internal/external sphincter overlap before fissure surgery where there is limited subcutaneous external sphincter overlap at the internal sphincter termination without differences in resting highpressure zones or internal sphincter lengths. The issues involved in incontinence are more complex than global asymmetry indices where prospective vector manometry use in fissure trials might provide parameters predicting poor sphincterotomy outcome, indicating a benefit from sphincter-sparing surgery. We are not there yet to state with certainty any specific advantages of this software.


E-learning is a business activity. It has a value to the business, a start-up cost, and running costs. The costs must be managed if the program is to stay within budget and yield an adequate return on investment. The question of start-up versus ongoing costs can best be answered if the program scope can be defined for the first two or three years. First-year costs are high, while ongoing costs are typically lower. Return on the time and money invested are typically realized toward the end of the first year. Second-year returns are higher as more courses are offered and the subscriber base expands. The answers to questions of cost are usually broad and rough at the outset and then become more refined as the project comes into focus.


The present invention relates to a fusion protein of lamin A (LMNA) or tropomyosin 3 (TPM3) and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1 (NTRK1), and to a fusion gene polynucleotide encoding the same. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composition for diagnosing colorectal cancer, containing an agent of measuring the fusion protein, the fusion gene, or the transcription product of the fusion gene, and to a kit for diagnosing colorectal cancer, comprising the same. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for providing information necessary for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, the method comprising a step of measuring the level of an NTRK1 fusion gene, a transcription product thereof, or a protein thereof, and to a method for providing information necessary for the prediction of the prognosis of colorectal cancer treatment. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for screening a colorectal cancer therapeutic agent, the method comprising a step of measuring the expression level of an NTRK1 fusion gene, to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating colorectal cancer, the composition containing an NTRK1 fusion protein inhibitor as an active ingredient, and to a method for preventing or treating colorectal cancer, the method comprising a step of administering the pharmaceutical composition to a subject. The present invention provides a diagnostic marker specific to colorectal cancer, thereby accurately diagnosing colorectal cancer, and predicting clinical prognosis through stratification of colorectal cancer patients, and predicting validity of the treatment of colorectal cancer, especially, predicting validity of the treatment of colorectal cancer by an NTRK1 protein inhibitor. Therefore, the administration of a drug to a colorectal cancer patient, for who the administration of the drug is not considered to be effective, can be restricted, and thus it is possible to realize an efficient and safe personalized treatment of colorectal cancer.


A fast method for designing multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks was introduced by S.A. Barton (1991). In this method, linear equations are solved for the output weights. An analysis of the MLP based on polynomial basis functions (PBFs) is used to justify the technique. A conjugate gradient solution to the output weight equations is introduced. A mutation technique that can be used to improve hidden unit weights is described. The output weight optimization (OWO) technique is extended to classification networks, which have nonlinear output unit activations. In several examples, it is seen that OWO is significantly faster than backpropagation (BP).<<ETX>>


The Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) and the British Orthodontic Society (BOS) have developed a teaching programme for primary care dentists wishing to enhance their skills in orthodontics. It follows on from the introduction of the Dentists with Special Interests (DwSI) scheme, which has provided Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) with an additional way to meet the oral health needs of the local population.


The present invention relates to process for making a siloxane polymer which comprises at least one Si—OH group and at least one Si—OR group, where R is a moiety other than hydrogen, comprising reacting one or more silane reactants together in the presence of a hydrolysis catalyst in either a water/alcohol mixture or in one or more alcohols to form the siloxane polymer; and separating the siloxane polymer from the water/alcohol mixture or the alcohol(s).


Objective:Toevaluate the clinical results of recurrent lumbar disc herniation by posterior transforaminal lumbar in terbody fusion (TLIF)plus internal fixation. Methods:From May 2005 to June 2011,27 patients of recurrent lumbar disc herniation who had been treated by the method of TLIF and internal fixation were collected in this study,with 15 males and 12 females and the mean age of 45.3 years. The clinical results of all patients were analyzed according to Macnab's criterion. Results:All patients were followed up for 36 months(range 6 months~60months). There were excellent in 19 cases,good in 4 cases,fair in 3 cases and poor in 1case. The satisfactory rate was 88.5%. The bony fusions were observed 3~6 months(on average 4.5 months)after operation. No loosening or breakage happened to pedicle screws. Interbody fusion cages stayed with normal location and shape. Conclusion:The application of TLIF in the treatment of patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation can obviously relieve the symptoms and impove the functional disturbances. Meanwhile,TLIF can reduce the occurrence of the complications and is regarded the ideal method of treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation.


The social categorization is a basic way of human cognition,but it has shaped the membership,and become the basic premise to complete the social identification and identity construction.Society gives people with diverse membership,and formed a social identity pluralism.Pluralistic category qualification corresponds to people's internal "identity",various social forces has become the "main factors identification field" on a heavy or multiple identities.In this process,the national identity of Hui has been displayed and strengthening.Representations capture during the period of the Republic of Hui national identity,and then analyzed the construction,reconstruction,portrayed by the mass media and the "spread" mode of the basic profile,this is the main purpose of this study.


Using findings from two studies conducted in British Columbia, Canada, that examined income and employment supports for people with psychiatric disabilities we argue that economic security is essential for mental health recovery, and that supported employment and social enterprise models are well suited to support these goals. We contend that the aims and values underlying neo-liberalism, with its attendant welfare state restructuring, undermine the progressive vision of recovery and the practice of citizenship for people with psychiatric disabilities.


In this article, we present a solution to the problem: Which type of linear operators can be realized by the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator associated with the operator −∆ − a(z) ∂ 2 ∂z on an extension problem? which was raised in the pioneering work [Comm. Par.Diff. Equ. 32 (2007)] by Caffarelli and Silvestre. In fact, we even go a step further by replacing the negative Laplace operator −∆ on R by an m-accretive operator A on a general Banach space X and the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator by the Dirichlet-to-Wentzell operator. We establish uniqueness of solutions to the extension problem in this general framework, which seems to be new in the literature and of independent interest. Our aim of this paper is to provide a new Phillips-Bochner type functional calculus which uses probabilistic tools from excursion theory. With our method, we are able to characterize all linear operators ψ(A) among the class CBF of complete Bernstein functions ψ, resulting in a new characterization of the famous Phillips' subordination theorem within this class CBF .


Cloud computing is one of the latest patterns of computing, where virtualized and dynamically scalable methods are provided to the Internet as a resource. Many industrialists say that cloud computing will give a new shape to ICT companies as revolution. The security provided by cloud computing is the key concern among consumers with its beneficial widespread applications. In this paper, several latest technologies of cloud computing and security of cloud computing with its usage in education have been studied.


The present paper is a continuation and extension of a review made in 1989 in an attempt to combine and compare data of different studies, including cephalic dimensions and cephalic index in Bulgarian adult men and women from the end of 19 th to the end of 20 th century. There were seven nation-wide studies in Bulgaria during 20 th century and few local ones. In some of them means of cephalic index is published, in other – only head length and head breadth averages and cephalic index has been estimated by us. The data are analysed by year of birth, not by year of investigation. This analyse presents that cephalic index in Bulgarians increases until the generation born around 1935-1940, than a process of debrachycephalyzation begins. In men born in the end of 19 th century the cephalic index was about 79-80, in these born around 1940 – about 83 and falls to 81-82 in men born in 1950-s. In women cephalic index is usually about 0,5% higher. The brachycephalization and the debrachycephalization are due mostly to changes in head breadth, whereas head length remains relatively stabile. Secular changes do not occur uniformly in all regions – in some of them debrachycephalization can not be found until 1991. Despite the secular changes a large territoriopopulation heterogeneity in cephalic index remains which goes back at least to 18 th -19 th century. This heterogeneity is probably due to the different components in the ethnogenesis of Bulgarian people and its ethnographic groups.


Objectives: Estimate the dose–response relationship between time served in prison and offenders' odds of recidivism. Methods: Using a large, representative sample of adult offenders released from prison under postrelease supervision in the state of Ohio, we examine the relationship between the length of time these offenders served in prison and their odds of recidivism during the year following their release. Multivariate logistic regression and analyses involving propensity score matching for ordered doses are both used to estimate the time served–recidivism relationship. Results: Analyses of these data revealed that offenders confined for longer periods of time had lower odds of recidivism, but these odds were only substantively lower for those offenders who served the longest periods of time in prison. Findings suggest the inverse effect of time served was not realized until after offenders have been confined for at least five years. Conclusion: Study findings indicate that the specific deterrent effect of prison sentences may be limited, and sentences less than five years may be reduced in order to save costs without a substantial threat to public safety.


Small world models have shown us that, under certain conditions, big networks can be searched, and the size of the network barely affects the length of the shortest paths between any pair of nodes. However, knowing that the distance between two nodes in the network is small does not mean that this shortest path can only be found using local information. For large networks, scalable systems or dynamic environments, a method that ensures that the shortest path can be located using only local information is needed. Hopefully, this method exists, as Kleinberg has proved for small world networks with a special structure. The solution proposed in this paper applies Kleinberg's contribution, by creating a network of AMSs and DFs, forming a navigable small world network, but keeping the external view as a unitary service provided by one entity. Agents register themselves in the system, but they are reallocated into their corresponding node of the network without propagating this information to the rest of the nodes. When an agent asks for another agent or service, an active search is made. The structure of the network guarantees that the node that contains the information is located following a bounded path length and it is treatable due to the small world structure.


The evolution of the Elettra control system is presented by focusing on the major technical upgrades. The Elettra control system has been operating since 1993. The orginal control system architecture was based on a three layer design. A field bus connected the low level computers used to interface the accelerator devices whilst a ten Mbit/s shared Ethernet network linked the middle layer computers to the servers and operator workstations. A first control system upgrade started in 1998 in order to dismiss the field bus and to provide more computing power. A couple of years later a major rework of the network infrastructure was carried out with the introduction of a switched Ethernet architecture. Starting from 2003, in view of the construction of a new booster injector for the storage ring and of the FERMI@elettra free electron laser, new control system hardware and software platforms have been selected. Driven by the additional necessity of cutting development and maintenance costs, the Tango control system has been adopted. The tools developed in order to effectively manage the integration and coexistence of the legacy and new control system are described. THE ORIGINAL CONTROL SYSTEM The original contol system of Elettra is based on a three level architecture, respectively named presentation, process and equipment interface layer [1]. A Local Area Network (LAN) based on a 10 Mbit/s shared Ethernet interconnects the presentation and process layers. A multidrop field bus, based on the MIL-1553B originally developed for military aircrafts, is used for the Low Level Network. Modular Single Board Computers (SBC) based on the Motorola 68K family microprocessor, hosted into VMEbus [2] based systems, have been selected for the process and equipment interface layers. In order to meet the required performances the OS-9 real-time operating system has been chosen to run on these platforms. The Local Process Computers (LPC) installed at the process layer execute the main control tasks and provide all the services to the application programs running on the control room workstations and servers. A multi-master architecture has been adopted for the LPC. The commercial SBC used are equipped with a Motorola 68030 microprocessor running at 25 MHz and 16 Mbyte of RAM. A number of Equipment Interface Units (EIU), typically hosted inside the controlled equipment, compose the equipment interface layer and perform the input/output connections with the field. Digital I/O, ADC and DAC VME boards are widely adopted, as well as serial RS232 and RS422 adapters. One LPC and the required number of EIUs, sharing a dedicated field bus branch, are assigned to each homogeneous group of controlled equipment: one for the vacuum system, one for the radio frequency plants and one for the corrector power supplies, etc. Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is the core technology used to build the distributed application infrastructure allowing for transparent communication between the workstations and low level computers. It is really interesting to note that some of these systems are still in use at Elettra; the three LPCs and the fortyone EIUs dedicated to the control of the magnet power supplies are still the original installations. UNIX based workstations and servers have been chosen as the control room computers. The HP9000/720 workstations, used as operator console, are equipped with 48 Mbyte of RAM. An HP9000/827S server computer has been used to provide the NFS centralized storage, both for the HP workstations and the LPCs. Moreover, all the centralized services, such as Remote Procedure Call (RPC) name resolution, clock synchronization, gateway applications toward the beamlines and the accelerator database run on the server, fitted with 96 Mbyte of RAM and two 1.3 Gbyte mirrored external disks. The workstations and the server run the HP-UX 9 operating system. REMOVING THE FIELD BUS The experience gained during the first years of operation togheter with the technology advances lead to a review of the control system architecture. Starting from 1998 a new VME SBC, based on Motorola 68040 microprocessor with MMU and on-board etherent interface has been selected and a completely new low level framework has been adopted [3]. This novel low level computer, that unifies the characteristics of both the EIU and LPC and integrates the equipment interface and the process layers, has been named Equipment Controller (EC). Being able to run both the low level control loops and the high level communication tasks, the EC allowed the dismissal of the MIL-1553B field bus. The central element of the new design is a distributed database resident in the ECs memory where all the input data of the machine are stored. A client request, instead of directly accessing the field, is served with a simple query on the Local Data Base (LDB), with an immediate performance advantage. Some poller processes continuosly update the LDB by reading the data from the device servers dedicated to the equipment. The distributed application software is still based on RPC and completely compatible Proceedings of ICALEPCS07, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA TOPB03 Control System Evolution


This research is the result of completion of course work degree that aborts the influence of minimalist design in advertising. The goal was to identify and analyze the characteristics of minimalist design and its visual influence on the posters of True Colors Campaign of company Faber-Castell. This is a bibliographical research where we completed screening of existing references and established a reading plan and subsequent analysis of that campaign. The study of minimalism makes it essential for the significant influence on contemporary visual communication. We conclude that both art and advertising have exerted great influence to create and consolidate the various human cultures since very ancient times as both spread ideologies.


The first generation of the CPC's collective leadership,with Mao Zedong,Liu Shaoqi,Zhou Enlai,Zhu De,Ren Bishi,Chen Yun and Deng Xiaoping as its core and major members,followed the path from the hatred of the old society's darkness,challenger of their own meanness,patriot to Marxist.Guided by those pioneers,they assembled under the banner of Marxism and formed the solid and strong talent group,which had been tested by China's revolutionary war.The Communist Party of China under this collective leadership was the source of embodying tremendous strength in Chinese revolution and construction.


Based on the scattering effect of pulse laser in atmosphere,the corresponding experimental platform was set up.Experimental measurements of forward,backward and lateral scattering were carried out.The experimental results and theoretical analysis were basically identical.Forward scattering effect was dozens of times stronger than that of backward scattering.With the increase of scattering angle,the scatting effect decreased sharply.Lateral scattering effect became very weak as close to vertical direction.The photoelectric detection module,receiving amplifier module,the synchronization analysis and processing system based on ARM processor met the requirements of the sequential laser pulse synchronization processing.


A higher risk of more-aggressive prostate cancer was seen in men with a certain genetic variant found in about 75 percent of the prostate cancer patients in the study. In those subjects, having a high level of selenium in the blood was associated with a two-fold greater risk of poorer outcomes than men with the lowest amounts of selenium. By contrast, the 25 percent of men with a different variant of the same gene and who had high selenium levels were at 40 percent lower risk of aggressive disease. The variants are slightly different forms of a gene that instructs cells to make manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), an enzyme that protects the body against harmful oxygen compounds.


ABSTRACT It is argued that the most likely explanation of the upward drift in degree results over the past two decades is that the assessment instrument has been changed, through the inclusion of coursework (so that it now does not measure what it measured before), although the degree boundaries have been left unchanged. If this is so, then the effect reflects bad practice on the part of examiners rather than changes in student achievement. To discover whether there have been changes in student achievement requires a comparison of student performance with fixed standards. This article discusses the extent to which this can be achieved in practice and proposes appropriate means for achieving it.


With the superior geographical environment and the better economic condition in eastern China,many wastewater treatment plants adopted international advanced technique and processes.The construction lever is higher and the operation and management system is better in eastern China than that in western China.The economic condition in western China is still in a backward state and the rate of wastewater treatment is below the average level.At the same time,the poor natural conditions bring a large number of difficulties to construct.Based on the site-survey on some small towns in eastern China,advantages and disadvantages were summarized in the fields of process,treatment effect and operation management,and the application of wastewater treatment technologies in western small cities were analyzed.References for choosing appropriate wastewater treatment technologies for western small cities were provided.


This casual–comparative study was conducted to determine the professional development needs of teaching faculty with fewer than 6 years of university teaching experience (= 67). Faculty were compared on the level of teaching assistantship responsibility during their graduate degree program. The purpose of this article is to provide faculty development officers with fundamental considerations for achieving quality professional development with junior faculty based on previous teaching experience. This study found professional development needs should be tailored based on teaching assistant experiences.


A near identical MOF from the reaction between a homochiral ligand and LaIII ion to that from racemic ligand was obtained due to the preferential formation of the pseudo-centrosymmetric arrangement in asymmetric units.


The real-time adaptation between human and assistive devices can improve the quality of life for amputees, which, however, may be difficult to achieve since physical and mental states vary over time. This paper presents a co-adaptive human-machine interface (HMI) that is developed to control virtual forearm prosthesis over a long period of operation. Direct physical performance measures for the requested tasks are calculated. Bioelectric signals are recorded using one pair of electrodes placed on the frontal face region of a user to extract the mental (affective) measures (the entropy of the alpha band of the forehead electroencephalography signals) while performing the tasks. By developing an effective algorithm, the proposed HMI can adapt itself to the mental states of a user, thus improving its usability. The quantitative results from 16 users (including an amputee) show that the proposed HMI achieved better physical performance measures in comparison with the traditional (nonadaptive) interface (p-value<;0.001). Furthermore, there is a high correlation (correlation coefficient <; 0.9, p-value <; .01) between the physical performance measures and self-report feedbacks based on the NASA TLX questionnaire. As a result, the proposed adaptive HMI outperformed a traditional HMI.


We sought to describe the value of electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) to detect stent restenoses at follow‐up and to identify characteristic EBCT features of coronary stents. Six coronary stents (GRII, Jostent, NIR, PS, Micro, Wiktor) were scanned in vitro (10 1.5‐mm‐thick slices, 15‐cm FoV, 100‐ms AT) before and after inflation with 3.0‐, 3.5‐, and 4.0‐mm balloons to study intensity values and different stent dimensions in comparison to caliper measurements. In 44 patients (60 ± 10 years, 4 females) we prospectively compared EBCT findings [eight 8‐mm‐thick slices in the flow mode, 26‐cm field of view (FoV), 50 ms acquisition time (AT)] with 6‐month angiographic outcome after placement of 86 stents in 49 vessels. For the detection of significant angiographic luminal narrowing (≥75%) that occurred in 17/49 vessels (35%), we found a sensitivity of 65%, a specificity of 84%, and a positive and negative predictive value of 69% and 82%, respectively. The in vitro data show significant differences in image intensity between the stents and a significant gradual decrease in image intensity with increasing stent diameters. The mean differences between EBCT and caliper measurements for the length and diameter were 0.17 ± 0.18 mm and −0.32 ± 0.25mm, respectively. EBCT is currently the only noninvasive technique that allows the assessment of stent dimensions and stent geometry, which may prove useful in patients when intravascular ultrasound cannot be performed. Contrast‐enhanced EBCT is a promising tool for minimally invasive stent patency evaluation at follow‐up, especially in patients that are unable to exercise. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 48:39–47, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


NEC-2 code, a standard tool for numerical analysis on electromagnetic field around antennas, can be applied to analysis of lightning transient overvoltages. The code solves three-dimensional boundary problems by using the electric-field integral equation. This tutorial introduces the basic theory of NEC-2, and explains how to tune the original program to fit for time-domain analyses. Then the set up of the input data for a simple test case is described. The accu- racy of the analysis is demonstrated by comparison with an experi- ment, and finally, results of advanced study are presented. Keyworkds: lightning surge, numerical electromagnetic analysis I. INTRODUCTION For practical purposes, the analysis of lightning transients in large conducting structures has mostly been made through modeling the structures by transmission lines. In this ap- proach, the parameters of a transmission line such as the surge impedance, the velocity of the traveling wave etc. need to be determined. This is physically correct if the electroma- gentic field around a conductor is in the TEM mode, in that the distribution of the electric field is the same as the electro- static field. Parameters of the modeled transmission line for parallel conductors or a horizontal conductor above a ground plane can be determined on physical basis. The electromagnetic field around non-parallel conductors or a non-horizontal conductor above a ground plane is not in the TEM mode during transient periods. In modeling such conductor systems by transmission lines, their parameters need to be determined experimentally or hypothetically. Electromagnetic field around a conductor system needs to be solved to produce induced voltages and distribution of cur- rents, which facilitates modeling with equivalent circuits without carrying out experiments. The idea to numerically solve transient electromagnetic field associated with lightning transients is not new. How- ever, it has not been recognized as a practical method, partly because the verification of the accuracy of the result has been difficult, and reproduction of the result by a third party is dif- ficult if a dedicated computer code was developed for the analysis.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical pre-operative value of using an innovative self-adpative ano-rectal water plug for the classification of perianal fistulas patients in conventional MRI examinations.Methods:Eighteen perianal fistulas patients underwent Philips 1.5T Achieva Dual MR scans with a body coil before and after using an innovative self-adaptive ano-rectal water plug with axial and coronal TSE T_1 WI and T_2 WI SPAIR sequences.Whether the end locations of fistulas could be distinguished above or below the ano-rectal ring were compared with and without the water plug.The number of fistulas,extensions, the internal openings and abscesses were counted.All MR findings were utilized to evaluate for the pre-operative classification of the fistulas and compared with the surgery results.Results;There were 31 fistulas,19 extensions,22 internal openings and 10 abscesses observed on MRI studies.There were significant differences in the end locations of fistulas on MR images before and after using water plug(x~2=5.56,P0.05).According to MR images,1 low simple,2 low complex,2 high simple and 8 high complex fistulas were classified without water plug,and 5 fistulas were uncertain.With water plug,the corresponding figures were 1,2,3 and 11,and 1 were uncertain.Before and after using the water plug,complete agreement between MRI and surgery for the pre-operative classification occurred in 13(72%) and 17(94%),and there was no significant differences(P =0.08).Conclusion;By using an innovative self-adaptive ano-rectal water plug,conventional MRI can provide more information of the fistulas and their routes,and it is useful in the pre-operative classification of the perianal fistulas patients.


In order to improve the performance of networked control system which has the characteristic of uncertain time delay, predictive control is adopted. The model of networked control system is analyzed. Take into account uncertain network time delay caused by various factors and problem of model mismatch, predictive controller is designed and simulation model of system is built using software of Matlab. A method of reducing model mismatch is proposed. Study results show that predictive control can make networked control system with good performance.


During this Paper, we tend to show however Anony Control-F extends the User Revocation rule with a data structure to enhance quantify ability and adaptability whereas at a similar time inherits the feature of fine-grained access management. Second, we tend to demonstrate the way to implement a full-fledged access management theme for cloud computing. The theme provides full support for stratified user grant, file creation, file deletion, and user revocation in cloud computing. Third, we tend to formally prove the protection of the projected theme supported the protection Cloud computing is associate rising computing paradigm during which resources of the computing infrastructure ar provided as services over the net. As promising as a result of it's, this paradigm together brings forth many new challenges for info security and access management once users source sensitive information for sharing on cloud servers, that aren't among a similar trustworthy domain as information homeowners. to stay sensitive user information confidential against un-trusted servers, existing solutions generally apply field of study methods by revealing info secret writing keys entirely to approved users. However, in doing therefore, these solutions inevitably introduce a major computation overhead on the info owner for key distribution and knowledge} management once fine grained data access management is desired, and so do not scale well. the matter of at constant time achieving fine-grainedness, measurability, and data confidentiality of access management very still remains unresolved. In This paper addresses this rewarding open issue by, on one hand, shaping and implementing access policies supported knowledge attributes, and, on the opposite hand, permitting the knowledge|the info|the information owner to represent most of the computation tasks concerned in fine grained knowledge access management to un-trusted cloud servers while not revealing the underlying data contents. LITERATURE SURVEY [1]As additional sensitive information is shared and hold on by third-party sites on the web, there'll be a requirement to write in code information hold on at these sites. One downside of encrypting information is that it will be by selection shared solely at a gross-grained level (i.e., giving another party your personal key). we have a tendency to develop a replacement cryptosystem for fine-grained sharing of encrypted information that we have a tendency to decision Key-Policy Attribute-Based coding (KPABE). In our cryptosystem, ciphertexts area unit tagged with sets of attributes and personal keys area unit related to access shape the management that ciphertexts a user is ready to decode. [2] Attribute primarily based cryptography (ABE) determines secret writing ability supported a user's attributes. in a very multi-authority ABE theme, multiple attribute-authorities monitor differ-ent sets of attributes and issue corresponding secret writing keys to users, and encryptors will need that a user ob-tain keys for applicable attributes from every authority be-fore


A suite of measurements has been developed with which to quantify the level of operational efficiency and effectiveness of today's air traffic control (ATC) systems. These measurements were used to test the safety, capacity, performance, workload, and usability of the current terminal ATC system for use in comparisons with hture ATC systems. A high-fidelity simulation was conducted with controllers serving as subjects. Objective measures included the number of data entries, number of altitude changes, and number of conflict alerts. Subjective data, such as ratings of the usability of the console, were collected fiom questionnaires and expert observers. Data are reported at three levels of analysis: overall, by sector and position, and by 15-minute interval. These data can be compared to future terminal ATC systems by conducting an identical simulation using the same suite of measurements. The issues of statistical versus operational equivalency are discussed with respect to any future comparison.


This work was supported by the National Science Foundation. Acknowledgement also is made to the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, for partial support of this research.


Abstract In longitudinal studies data are collected on the same set of units for more than one occasion. In medical studies it is very common to have mixed Poisson and continuous longitudinal data. In such studies, for different reasons, some intended measurements might not be available resulting in a missing data setting. When the probability of missingness is related to the missing values, the missingness mechanism is termed nonrandom. The stochastic expectation-maximization (SEM) algorithm and the parametric fractional imputation (PFI) method are developed to handle nonrandom missingness in mixed discrete and continuous longitudinal data assuming different covariance structures for the continuous outcome. The proposed techniques are evaluated using simulation studies. Also, the proposed techniques are applied to the interstitial cystitis data base (ICDB) data.


With the development of GIS, many fields, such as geology, mine, subterranean hydrology, etc., realized that real three dimensional GIS (3D GIS) are urgently needed. Among the problems encountered in the development of 3D GIS, 3D data model is the most difficulty one. Presently, there are some 3D data models, namely, wireframe representation, boundary representation, cell decomposition, construction expression, tetrahedral network, octree, TIN, to name but a few. Although these models are efficient in special application environments, all of them can not describe the complex three dimensional entities respectively. Thus, someone created some omnibus 3D data models, but for these models still exist shortcoming in the scope of applications. It is put forward a 3D GIS Object Oriented (OO) data model based on the OO technology and practical application. This model can not only describe anomalous 3D entities themselves and the complex contact situation among them, but also organize 3D data effectively. The model has been applied to the establishment of China Global Geoscience Transects (GGT) GIS, which may be the first GIS for lithosphere study. An example is given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this 3D data model.


Micro computed tomography (CT) imaging was used to follow the progressive development of cracks in artificial kidney stones. The artificial stones were made from U30 cement with a cylindrical shape (6.5 mm diameter and 8.5 mm long). The stones were held within a polypropylene vial in one of three orientations: vertical, horizontal, and angled at 45 deg. The stones were treated with an electromagnetic lithotripter and the initiation and growth of cracks was observed using microCT. The images show that the orientation of the stones with respect to the shock changes the dominant mechanism for fragmentation. Vertical stones developed a spall‐like crack near the distal surface, which propagated from the surface to the interior of the stone. Initiation of a secondary spall‐like crack was observed proximal to the first crack. Little surface damage was observed. Horizontal stones presented pitting in the proximal surface and erosion in lateral faces, indicating the action of cavitation. Angled stones presented bo...


Bekasi City as part of Jabodetabek has 60 slum locations spread across 9 sub-districts (Kemen PUPR, 2014). The number of slum settlements increased in 2016 to 118 slum locations spread across 12 districts and 56 urban villages. In 2017 the slum settlements again increased to 122 locations. The slums in Bekasi have an area of ??443.73 hectares or 0.19 percent of the total area of ??Bekasi City. One strategy that can be used to manage slum areas in Bekasi City is to implement collaborative governance. which consists of the dimensions of the system context, drivers, and collaborative dynamics. The focus of this research is to emphasize collaborative governance processes in the management of slum areas in Bekasi City, and the results of collaboration from collaborative governance processes. The construction of thinking in this study is mapped into three parts, namely the grand theory (Organizational theory), middle range theory (Governance Theory) and applied theory (Collaborative Governance Theory). This study uses a qualitative approach, with a case study research strategy. The operational design of this study uses the An Integrative Framework for Collaboration Governance approach from Emerson et al (2011). It was revealed that processcollaborative governance in the management of slum areas in Bekasi City, the system context dimension is an environmental condition that overshadows the sustainability of collaborative governance. This system context creates opportunities and constraints that affect other parameters of collaborative governance. The results of this study also indicate that a minimum of a driving factor is needed to create a collaborative governance in the management of slum areas in Bekasi City. The more elements of the drivers involved, the greater the opportunities for the collaboration process to occur. The dynamics of collaboration is said to be good or not depending on three components, namely the mobilization of shared principles, shared motivation, and the capacity to take joint action.


Augment-less NPs in Xhosa and de NPs like de chevaux 'of horses' have strikingly similar properties. It seems that the properties of de NPs reflect the absence of the definite article les which combines with de to form the so-called partitive article des chevaux 'some horses'. Taking the Xhosa augment to be similar (though not identical) to the French definite article, we account for the observed similarities between augment-less NPs and French de NPs.


This article was published in Dental Survey, December, 1976, pp. 27-33, and is reprinted here with permission of the Editor of "Dental Survey.


The Military Health System (MHS) is one of the largest health systems in the United States, delivering health services to 9.4 million eligible patients in nearly 700 military hospitals and clinics around the world as well as through the TRICARE health plan.1 The TRICARE health plan provides care to all members of the Uniformed Forces,2 their families, and retirees, rendering TRICARE the fourth largest health plan in the United States. However, military health services are currently managed by 4 separate entities: Army, Navy, Air Force, and the Defense Health Agency (DHA), creating opportunities for variation and inefficiency. The MHS falls under the Department of Defense and is distinct from the Veterans Health Administration, which provides care to the majority of veterans and to veterans ineligible for TRICARE.3 The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 20174 directs changes to existing management structures, enabling the MHS to collectively transform into an integrated system of readiness and health. The law provides a set of interdependent and nested initiatives to optimize delivery of the Quadruple Aim of improved readiness, better health, better care, and lower cost.


Given the recent advancement of microarray technologies, we present a density-based clustering approach for the purpose of co-expressed gene cluster identification. The underlying hypothesis is that a set of co-expressed gene clusters can be used to reveal a common biological function. By addressing the strengths and limitations of previous density-based clustering approaches, we present a novel clustering algorithm that utilizes a neighborhood defined by <i>k</i>-nearest neighbors. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method identifies biologically meaningful and co-expressed gene clusters.


Australia's five government rail systems have made mixed efficiency gains in meeting a growing land freight task. There are many differences in the various rail systems. Queensland's narrow gauge heavy haulage under electric traction is of world standard, but in Queensland and elsewhere, there are many problems to be solved, prompting in 1991 the formation of a National Rail Corporation. Investment is needed to bring the mainline interstate rail track in Eastern Australia to modern intermodal rail freight standards with improved ruling grades, curvature, and clearances.


The Immunotoxicology Specialty Section of the Society of Toxicology celebrated its 25th anniversary at the 2010 Annual Meeting, prompting us to provide here both an historical perspective and an assessment of the challenges that lie ahead for this subdiscipline of toxicology. In 1985, immunotoxicology focused primarily on use of rodent models to evaluate suppression of adaptive immune responses (which our peers sometimes considered obscure), as well as evaluation of allergic responses to chemicals, primarily allergic contact dermatitis. Apart from a common organ system, immune suppression and allergy were considered totally separate disciplines. Innate and adaptive immunity were also viewed as independent entities, and at the time, the adaptive immune system received more attention from immunotoxicologists because it was the hot area in immunology. Innate immunity was perceived as evolutionarily ''ancient'' and therefore less relevant. What a difference a few decades makes. Twenty-five years ago because AIDS had only recently been identified, both the scientific community and the public at large were acutely aware of the adverse results of immune suppression and the important role that T lymphocytes play in maintaining good health. (As a result, there was substantial funding for basic T-cell immunology.) Hence, these were de facto the hot topic for immunotoxicology. Polychlorinated biphenyls were the first class of chemicals studies followed shortly thereafter by halogenated hydrocarbons (dioxin and others), heavy metals, and some organotins (Moore, 1979). In the beginning, testing for immune suppression relied primarily on routine histopathology and research to develop better tests focused on host resistance models and functional assays in laboratory rodents (Vos, 1977). Compatibility between rodent tests and human studies was nonexistent. Through much effort and interlaboratory collaboration the concept of ''tier testing'' was developed, the springboard for much of immunotoxicology for the 90s (Luster et al., 1988). Meanwhile, tests for hypersensitivity relied mostly on skin painting guinea pigs and humans and observing dermal erythema and edema (Botham et al., 1991); other types of allergic and autoimmune responses were largely untouched. Risk assessors wondered what to make of our discipline. Twenty-five years later, we are thinking much more in terms of modulation of the immune system rather than immune suppression, hypersensitivity, or autoimmunity as isolated entities. Certain immune function tests have been included in harmonized test guidelines (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998, 2003; ICHS8, 2006; OECD, 1995), and specific examples of immune suppression in the human population have been found that mirror results seen in laboratory animals (Luebke et al., 2004; Selgrade, 2007). Our understanding of how to interpret results of these tests in risk assessment has vastly improved (Germolec, 2004), although consensus has yet to be reached. Guinea pig tests have given way to the more mechanistically based local lymph node assay for predicting the likelihood that an exposure will result in allergic contact dermatitis (Gerberick et al., 2007), opening the door for more quantitative risk assessment (Griem et al., 2003). Even autoimmunity—long one of the most difficult forms of immunotoxicity to understand—is coming into better focus (Dietert et al., 2010). Much has been accomplished, but much remains to be done, and the field is open for the next generation(s) of immunotoxicologists to make further advancements in the following areas:


This paper introduces a technique for minimising subtask dispersion in hidden stochastic PERT networks. The technique improves on existing research in two ways. Firstly, it enables subtask dispersion reduction in DAG structures, whereas previous techniques have only been applicable to single-layer split–merge or fork–join systems. Secondly, the exact distributions of subtask processing times do not need to be known, so long as there is some means of generating samples. The technique is further extended to use a metric which trades off subtask dispersion and task response time.


The rates of cleavage for 4-trimethylsilyl-veratrol, 5-trimethylsilyl-1,3-benzodioxole and 6-trimethyl- silyl-1,4-benzodioxan have been measured at 30oC in 1 : 9 water-dimethyl sulphoxide containing sodium hydroxide. The benzodioxole derivative is more reactive than the other two substrates; this enhanced reactivity arises from hybridization changes enforced on the ring junction carbons by the strained dioxole ring.


A study of the distribution, nature and metabolism of glyceryl ethers in natural fats is in progress, and as a preliminary to the publication of results, a method which has been used for the quantitative estimation of α-glyceryl others in the unsaponifiable fractions of natural fats is described. In this method the unsaponifiable matter of the fat is treated in solution in ethyl alcohol or ethyl acetate with an excess of periodic acid solution, and the formaldehyde generated is estimated gravimetrically. The results obtained have been checked by volumetric estimation of the periodic acid consumed in the reaction. In very many cases, as with batyl alcohol itself, agreement has been observed between the results of the two methods. Diserepancies with a number of fats indicate, however, the existence in their unsaponifiable matters of substances other than α-glyceryl others which are attacked by periodie acid. These cases are under fuller investigation.


This review addresses issues of history and current state of diagnosis of hypertension and antihypertensive therapy with angiotensin receptor antagonists. On the basis of modern literature the current approaches to therapy for this disease are presented.


In this paper, the use of a class of robust control technique as a tool to compute the robustness margin for a closed loop multi-agent system is discussed. Our approach is based on a leader/follower structure of the multiple robot systems. It is shown that, for multiple agent system with cyclic, chain and balanced topology of information exchange, the result is achieved. A Lyapunov based robust control design for coordination and trajectory tracking of multiple agent systems with parametric uncertainty is presented. The results are illustrated with examples and simulations.


The
  Association
  between
  History
  of
  Gestational
  Diabetes
  Mellitus
  and
  Current
  Type
  2
  Diabetes Status:
  An
  Examination
  of
  NHANES
  Data
  2011-‐2014 Background:
  Diabetes
  is
  a
  growing
  chronic
  disease
  that
  affects
  more
  than
  29
  million
  adults
  in the
  United
  States
  and
  422
  million
  adults
  globally.
  Women
  with
  a
  history
  of
  gestational
  diabetes (GDM)
  are
  identified
  to
  be
  at
  higher
  risk
  for
  developing
  subsequent
  type
  2
  diabetes
  mellitus (T2DM).
  The
  prevalence
  of
  GDM
  varies
  based
  on
  the
  data
  collection
  method,
  response
  rate, and
  diagnostic
  criteria.
  The
  aim
  of
  this
  study
  is
  to
  examine
  the
  association
  between
  history
  of GDM
  diagnosis
  and
  current
  T2DM
  status
  and
  how
  the
  relationship
  differs
  based
  on
  the participant's
  age,
  race,
  and
  BMI. Methods:
  Data
  from
  the
  2011-‐2012
  and
  2013-‐2014
  National
  Health
  and
  Nutrition
  Examination Surveys
  (NHANES)
  were
  analyzed
  to
  conduct
  a
  cross-‐sectional
  study
  of
  4,006
  U.S.
  non-‐pregnant women
  ages
  20
  years
  and
  older
  with
  a
  history
  of
  prior
  pregnancy.
  The
  race/ethnicity
  of
  the participants
  include
  non-‐Hispanic
  Whites,
  non-‐Hispanic
  Blacks,
  Mexican
  Americans,
  non-‐ Hispanic
  Asians,
  and
  "Other"
  variables.
  Univariate
  and
  multivariate
  logistic
  regression
  analyses were
  used
  to
  determine
  the
  association
  between
  history
  of
  GDM
  and
  current
  T2DM
  status stratified
  by
  age,
  race,
  and
  BMI. Results:
  Three
  hundred
  and
  fifteen
  subjects
  from
  a
  sample
  size
  of
  4006
  were
  found
  to
  have
  a history
  of
  GDM.
  Of
  the
  315
  participants
  with
  GDM,
  111
  (35.2%)
  were
  found
  to
  develop
  T2DM. After
  controlling
  for
  age,
  race,
  and
  body
  mass
  index
  (BMI),
  women
  with
  a
  history
  of
  GDM
  were found
  to
  be
  at
  greater
  odds
  of
  T2DM
  (OR=4.71;
  95%
  CI:
  3.52-‐6.28)
  compared
  to
  women
  without a
  history
  of
  GDM.
  A
  multivariate
  analysis
  was
  performed
  adjusting
  for
  other
  covariates
  such
  as age,
  race,
  BMI,
  and
  cholesterol.
  When
  stratified
  by
  participant
  age,
  women
  between
  the
  ages
  of 20-‐44
  years
  with
  a
  history
  of
  GDM
  were
  linked
  with
  an
  increased
  risk
  of
  T2DM
  (OR=
  3.02;
  95% CI:
  1.88-‐4.85).
  Overweight
  and
  obese
  women
  with
  a
  history
  of
  GDM
  have
  a
  2.5-‐fold
  risk
  of developing
  T2DM
  (OR=2.51;
  95%
  CI:
  1.49-‐4.23). Discussion:
  This
  study
  provides
  further
  understanding
  and
  awareness
  on
  the
  role
  of
  GDM during
  the
  subsequent
  risk
  for
  T2DM.
  Our
  study
  shows
  women
  between
  the
  ages
  of
  20
  and
  44 years
  and
  with
  elevated
  BMIs
  (25
  ≥
  kg/m)
  are
  at
  increased
  risk
  of
  developing
  subsequent T2DM.
  Findings
  suggest
  the
  need
  for
  health
  promotion
  and
  prevention
  efforts
  towards
  the populations
  at
  risk.
  Early
  intervention
  post-‐pregnancy
  and
  education
  may
  help
  prevent
  women with
  a
  history
  of
  GDM
  from
  developing
  T2DM. THE
  ASSOCIATION
  BETWEEN
  HISTORY
  OF
  GESTATIONAL
  DIABETES
  MELLITUS
  AND
  TYPE
  2 DIABETES
  STATUS:
  AN
  EXAMINATION
  OF
  NHANES
  DATA
  2011-‐2014


Controlled-Tones Multiple Access (CTMA) is introduced for efficient channel access in wireless networks with hidden terminals. CTMA is based on the integration of collision-avoidance handshakes with tones indicating the ongoing reception of data packets or the acknowledgment of data packets. CTMA organizes the total bandwidth into a data channel and a control channel. Requests to transmit (RTS) and data packets are sent over the data channel, and tones are sent over the control channel. It is shown that a specific variant of CTMA using two tones (CTMA-2T) prevents data packets from colliding with other transmissions. The throughput of CTMA-2T is compared with the throughput of CSMA/CA and dual busy-tone multiple access (DBTMA), and the results of the analysis show that CTMA-2T is a more efficient channel-access scheme than the alternatives.


A reputation for providing high quality securities research and investment advice is arguably the most sought-after objective of every Wall Street institution. Although the message is often subtly phrased, brokerage houses, bank trust departments, investment advisory services, and mutual funds all heavily orient their promotional activities toward creating such an image of expertise. In the aggregate, however, the hard data on actual portfolio performance histories,l and analyses of the apparent payoffs from trading on issued stock recommendations,2 are less than encouraging about the value of professional counsel. Passive investments in the popular market indexes would seem to be about as worthwhile. Within the mass of these findings, there nonetheless have been occasional instances of detectable differences in acumen across organizations as judged by the observed ex post returns associated with the investment suggestions of those organization^.^ We provided, in an earlier paper, such evidence on the securities recommendations of one of the nation's largest retail brokerage houses, for a seven-year period ending with 1970; intimations of superior overall returns therefrom were found.4 Our purpose here is to carry the investigation the logical one step further: to examine the performances of the individual securities analysts within the firm, and address the matter of differential expertise at that level as well.


The etiology of neural tube defects is multifactorial, with a wide interplay of genetic and environmental factors. However, periconceptional folic acid should be supplemented in antenatal care.


It is known that a grating plays a vital role in the development of a terahertz Smith-Purcell device. The transverse diffusion of optical mode in a general grating is regarded to weaken the beam-wave interaction. In this paper, a sidewall grating for the Smith-Purcell device is proposed. The optical beam can be confined between the side walls to avoid transverse diffusion, so it is possible to enhance the coupling of the optical mode with the electron beam. With the help of three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, it has been shown that, comparing with the general grating, the usage of a sidewall grating improves the growth rate and dramatically shortens the time for the device to reach saturation. It is also found that the sidewall grating holds the potential to reduce the start current for the operation of a Smith-Purcell device. We also simulated an ongoing experiment, and predicted the radiation characteristics and the current threshold for the device to start oscillation. This is not only an improvement of grating, but also helpful for further understanding the transverse effect of the grating optical mode.


This article deals with the investigation of electrical properties of epoxy-based nanocomposites containing graphene oxide nanofillers dispersed in the polymer matrix through two-phase extraction. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy and dc electrical conductivity as a function of electric field have been evaluated in specimens containing up to 0.5 wt % of nanofiller. Nanocomposites containing pristine graphene oxide do not show significant changes of electrical properties. On the contrary, the same materials after a proper thermal treatment at 135°C, able to provoke the in situ reduction of graphene oxide, exhibit higher permittivity and electrical conductivity, without showing large decrease of breakdown voltage. Moreover, a nonlinear behavior of the electrical conductivity is observed in the range of electric fields investigated, i.e. 2–30 kV mm−1. A new relaxation phenomenon with a very low temperature dependence is also evidenced at high frequency in reduced graphene oxide composites, likely associated to induced polarization of electrically conductive nanoparticles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41923.


Abstract:Once derided, sensation fiction has been critically recuperated over the past four decades; however, critics have largely viewed it as secular. Jennifer Phegley, Beth Palmer, and Julie Bizzotto have recently shown that Christian journals such as the Argosy and Good Words assimilated sensation fiction to serve their moral purposes. Building on their work, this article argues that Ellen Wood's Oswald Cray (1864) and Katherine Saunders's The High Mills (1871) repackaged sensation fiction for Good Words' Christian readers, creating sensational plots and mobilizing focalization techniques to urge the importance of self-restraint, self-reflection, and repentance.


ABSTRACT Enterprise systems can play a fundamental role in the management of business analytics by facilitating knowledge management. Nonetheless, and despite extensive studies about enterprise systems and knowledge management over the past four decades, the information systems discipline still lacks a clear and practical understanding of what types of knowledge should be managed by enterprise systems, and how to facilitate the adoption and effective use of business analytics through knowledge management. To a high degree, the issue is rooted in the ambiguity about the nature and sources of knowledge. Motivated by this need, we conducted an exploratory study to address the research question, what knowledge is critical for data analysts to be able to use business analytics effectively? We interviewed 41 data analysts. Using thematic analysis, we propose the theory of knowledge identity, which explains the role of data analysts' knowledge in the adoption and effective use of analytics in organisations. This study offers significant theoretical and practical implications.


Specialist gynecology care practice development in a center of consultation and diagnosis with more than 15,000 women beneficiaries in its books and 26 military clinics for consultation services.