Background: Therapeutic Communication (TC) is the process of purposeful and understandable communication between patients and caregivers, which helps facilitate optimized care. Here, we assessed nursing students' interaction with patients and its related factors. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a convenience sample of 240 undergraduate nursing students from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, completed consent forms, a demographic information questionnaire, and a TC questionnaire in 2018. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: TC score of most students was moderate and good, with the mean (SD) of 143.07 (12.86). Factors, including gender (Χ2 = 8.02, p ≤ 0.01), semester (Χ2 = 4.01, p ≤ 0.05), employment (r = 0.49, p ≤ 0.01), and workshop attendance (r = 0.80, p ≤ 0.01), influenced the students' TC knowledge and skills. Conclusions: Future nurses' TC can be improved by part-time employment and practical training. Conducting more research with a larger sample size from all nursing faculties is suggested.


This study examines the effect of the CEO–employee pay gap on productivity and performance. Using extensive data of 751 constituents of the Standard and Poor's (S&P) 1500 index between the years 1992–2016, we found a cubic relationship between salary differential and corporate productivity, with a rising gap adversely affecting productivity principally when it is both too low, as well as too high; intermediate pay inequality levels are less influential. A contrast in the productivity effects of the CEO–worker pay gap for firms with high average salaries and more employees was noticeable, whereas positive productivity gains were present even with a high salary gap. Thus, big companies with a highly skilled workforce are able to achieve tangible benefits through higher salary differentiation. On the other hand, companies with lower average salaries and lower capital intensity were characterized by the negative effects of wage dispersion on productivity. As a result, increasing inequality aversion is an important issue affecting performance among smaller, lower skilled labor dependent firms. Additionally, female CEOs had a significant and positive lagged effect on productivity. Finally, firm market valuation was positively stimulated by the increasing pay gap.


The notion of a coalgebra measuring, introduced by Sweedler, is a kind of generalized ring map between algebras. We begin by studying maps on Hochschild homology induced by coalgebra measurings. We then introduce a notion of coalgebra measuring between Lie algebras and use it to obtain maps on Lie algebra homology. Further, these measurings between Lie algebras satisfy nice adjoint like properties with respect to universal enveloping algebras.
More generally, we introduce and undertake a detailed study of the notion of coalgebra measuring between algebras over any operad $\mathcal O$. In case $\mathcal O$ is a binary and quadratic operad, we show that a measuring of $\mathcal O$-algebras leads to maps on operadic homology. In general, for any operad $\mathcal O$, we construct universal measuring coalgebras to show that the category of $\mathcal O$-algebras is enriched over coalgebras. We develop measuring comodules and universal measuring comodules for this theory. We also relate these to measurings of the universal enveloping algebra $U_{\mathcal O}(\mathscr A)$ of an $\mathcal O$-algebra $\mathscr A$ and the modules over it. Finally, we construct the Sweedler product $C\rhd \mathscr A$ of a coalgebra $C$ and an $\mathcal O$-algebra $\mathscr A$. The object $C\rhd \mathscr A$ is universal among $\mathcal O$-algebras that arise as targets of $C$-measurings starting from $\mathscr A$.


Banana flowers form deep within the stem of the banana plant, long before they appear to us. The flowers occur in groups called hands, and the hands are arranged into larger clusters of flowers. Both the number of flowers in a hand and their pattern of development are different between cultivated (supermarket) and wild species of bananas. In supermarket bananas, each hand has many flowers, and the flowers develop in a regular pattern from right to left. In the wild species called the hairy banana, there is no regular pattern of flower formation. Flowers of the hairy banana are never formed in the regular right-to-left manner as found in the supermarket species. This is surprising and illustrates an important point about science: we do not always get the answers we expect. When they are first formed, banana flowers have no parts. They go through a process to form the flower parts that we see. After we describe how this takes place, we give you a project, so you can see how this happens on your own. You will work as a scientist to discover the pattern of development in banana flowers.


In this paper, the mechanics modal of ring elastic slice is established, and the differential equation of ring elastic slice's deformation is established based on flexibility mechanics, utilizing the boundary conditions, get the general solution of ring elastic slice's deformation surface, and then find a simple precise applied deformation coefficient (Gr) of ring elastic slice by identically transforming the general solution of ring elastic slice. The Gr and it's physics meaning at different radius are studied, the solution of deformation equation at any radius is researched, so Gr is creating precise computation method way of ring elastic slice's deformation, has very important meaning in the design computation, verification analysis, and optimization design, at the same time, it provides a effective method for mathematics theory better used in practical application.


The growing worldwide emphasis on dealing with water quality is giving rise to a widespread research and expanding market for novel and astute monitoring systems. The current method is laboratory process where samples are taken from water bodies and testing is done in labs. This method is time consuming, wastage of man power, and not economical. So, Artificial Neural Network(ANN) is used to solve this problem. This method eliminates chemical method of evaluating water quality parameters and also is cost effective. This paper gives brief methodology to predict unknown parameters such as Alkalinity, Chloride, Sulphate values using known parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, TDS etc. using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, which helps in further classification of water bodies for different application. Results gave accuracy of 83.94%, 87.9%, 81.736%, 79.48% in predicting chloride, total-hardness, sulphate, total alkalinity respectively.


It's a serious problem that there are many disused arable lands (DAL) in rural area at present. In the study of DAL, there are some problems such as indefinite concept, absence of evaluation indexes and quantitative research, which hinder to study it in a deep-going way. By analysis, DAL can be defined as a status that cultivated lands are left unused or made no full use owing to the peasants' subjective abandonment. Degree of DAL, area of DAL and loss of DAL are main evaluation indexes. The study will go deep and provide convenience to the rural work.


Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) continues to be an annoyance to passive microwave remote sensing as spectrum demands escalate. For microwave imagers such as GMI and WindSat, the X-band and Ku allocated passive bands exhibit RFI from terrestrial based sources and from space-based geostationary satellites reflecting from the ocean, lakes, frozen ground, and other reflective surfaces. The GMI bands were designed to maintain the 3-dB bandpasses within the ITU allocated Earth Exploration-Passive bands, while WindSat, due to its sensitivity requirements, has much wider bandpasses. Both sensors have very similar viewing geometries, creating an ideal situation to address the question "Is it worth compromising radiometric sensitivity with lower bandwidths to stay within the allocated bands." We find that the only benefit for these sensors of remaining within the allocated band is the elimination of reflected RFI from geosynchronous satellites around Europe at 10 GHz. Other than that, remaining within the protected bands appears to not provide much benefit.


Map reading and related geographical tasks are important, usually as a part of social studies, sometimes as a part of mathematics, and certainly as a necessity for everyday functioning in contemporary society. These skills receive very little systematic attention because they are "assumed," i.e., everyone assumes that the responsibility for their direct instruction belongs to someone else. This month Mildred Odom, Kansas "Teacher of the Year," reviews the Actionmap Program designed to provide materials and activities for direct instruction. The editor comments and suggests additional references. A second feature describes Mathmates, a product of Peter Rosenbaum's Peer Tutoring Project at Teacher's. College, Columbia University. Attention is drawn to Mathmates as providing an exemplar of "drill" materials. The third item this month is a worksheet, a Multipurpose Guide to analyzing and accounting for some of the elements involved in the organization and management of a learning disabilities program. Such a worksheet should prove useful when considering the design, operation, and evaluation of classroom or district programs.


Misconception is a mismatch of students' conceptions with concepts agreed upon by experts. Misconception is a problem that often occurs in the world of education, especially in mathematics in the matter of plane geometry. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research that aims to describe the types of misconceptions and causes of misconceptions experienced by students on the subject of plane geometry. The results showed that there were two types of misconceptions experienced by students, namely classificational execution misconceptions, and theoretical execution misconceptions. Misconception of classificational execution is the mismatch of students' conceptions when classifying a plane geometry with a concept agreed upon by experts; and the theoretical execution misconception is a mismatch between students' conceptions of definition, properties and elements of planes geometry. The causes of misconception are students 'preconceptions, students' abilities, textbooks, and teacher teaching methods. Keyword: Misconceptions, Classification of Misconceptions, Execution Misconceptions, Classificational Execution Misconceptions, and Theoretical Execution Misconceptions PRELIMINARY Misconception is a conception of students that is not in accordance with the ideas or ideas recognized by experts. This is consistent with what was conveyed by Brown (1992), and Suparno (2013) that misconception is a concept that is not in accordance with the acknowledgment of experts, besides misconception is a naive view and an idea that is not in accordance with acceptance in scientific terms. Misconceptions are divided into two namely conceptual misconceptions and theoretical misconceptions (Ojose, 2015). Conceptual misconceptions are misconceptions caused by students' lack of understanding of a concept. Meanwhile, the execution misconception is a misconception caused by students failing to manipulate the procedure. Before detecting misconceptions experienced by students it is important to know in advance understanding students' concepts, conceptions and preconceptions. The concept is a design, ideas that are extracted from the results of their own thoughts that can be used as a reference or guide (Dahar, 2011). The concept according to the researcher can be interpreted as an abstract idea obtained from a book that is used as a reference and agreed upon by experts. Based on the form, the concept can be divided into 3, namely classificational, correlational, and theoretical concepts (Amien, 1979). The classificational concepts is an idea that can help someone to be able to distinguish or classify between examples and not examples. The correlational concept is the relationship between one concept and another. While theoretical concepts are ideas or ideas that serve as theories written in a book and used as guidelines. Conception is defined as opinions, understandings, views, meanings, ideals that cross the mind (KBBI, 2007). In contrast to this opinion, the conception can be defined as an interpretation of every one of the scientific concepts that have come to mind that are sometimes obtained from the environment or formal education (Dahar, 2011). From these Fuat, et all (Classificational and Theoretical Execution Misconceptions) Journal of Education and Learning Mathematics Research | Volume 1, Number 2, 2020 9 two definitions, conception is everyone's thoughts about a concept gained from his experience. Before conception, students already have an initial concept derived from experience, friends and parents called preconceptions. Preconception is an initial concept that a person has after doing construction and before they get formal lessons about certain materials (Dahar, 2011; Suparno, 2013). So, preconception can be interpreted as an initial concept that someone has and the concept is obtained before they receive formal learning at school. Based on the concept theory presented by Amien (1979) and the theory of misconception presented by Ojose (2015), types and indicators of misconception can be found as follows: Table 1. Types and Indicators of Misconception Types of Misconception Indicators of Misconception Classificational Conceptual Misconceptions Discrepancy in students' conceptions when classifying a plane geometry build with concepts agreed upon by experts Correlational Conceptual Misconceptions Mismatch of students' conceptions when connecting between plane geometry with concepts agreed upon by experts Theoretical Conceptual Misconceptions The discrepancy between students' conceptions of definition, properties and elements of plane geometry Classificational Execution Misconceptions Discrepancy students distribute what is known in the problem to the formula used Correlational Execution Misconceptions Discrepancy of students in executing the questions into the answer sheet Theoretical Execution Misconceptions Discrepancy in the formula used when solving problems Education is the need of all people, because education has an important role for every individual who will take the development of a nation (Lestari, 2019). In the world of education, misconception is no longer a problem that has just happened because misconceptions often occur in mathematics, especially in the material of planes. Plane build is one of geometry material. Geometry is one of the fields of mathematics that develops students' spatial abilities (Fuat, 2013). Geometry is a branch of mathematics that has concepts that need to be understood by students, but many students still experience difficulties in understanding the concept of a plane (Fuat, Nusantara, T., and Parta, IN, 2015; Fuat, F., Nusantara, T., Irawan, EB, & Irawati, S. 2017; 2018; and Fuat, Nusantara, T., Irawan, EB, & Irawati, S., 2019). The plane structure learned by eighth grade students is about rectangular and triangular shapes. However, in this study only discusses the area (L) and circumference (K) of two plane structures namely trapezoid and rhombus. Trapezoid is a quadrilateral that has only one pair of parallel sides whose length is not the same (Ariawan, 2014). The following formula is the circumference (K) and area (L) of the trapezoid: Ktrapezoid = The length of the sides of the trapezoid Ltrapezoid = 1 2 × number of sides parallel × trapezoid height Rhombus is a level ladder whose four sides are the same length (Ariawan, 2014). Following the circumferential formula (K) and area (L) rhombus: Krhombus = The length of the sides of the rhombus Lrhombus = 1 2 × horizontal diagonal side × vertical diagonal side In learning mathematics, teachers need to develop five mathematical competencies, namely: (1) understanding concepts, (2) procedural skills, (3) strategic competencies, (4) Fuat, et all (Classificational and Theoretical Execution Misconceptions) Journal of Education and Learning Mathematics Research | Volume 1, Number 2, 2020 10 adaptive reasoning, (5) productive attitudes (Killpatrick, 2011; Lestari, 2019). As for one of the causes of misconceptions is the lack of understanding of students' concepts of area (L) and circumference (K) plane. In addition, students' skills in manipulating procedures also become one of the causes of misconceptions. To find out more can be seen from the results of the initial tests and interviews conducted by researchers. Based on the results of preliminary tests conducted by researchers on SMP Negeri 2 Bangil students, there are problems that occur in the vast material and the circumference of a plane. This is shown by the fact that there are still many students who cannot complete, as well as the students' discrepancies in applying the formula of area and circumference to the following story problem: Mr. Pur wants to provide a wire fence for his garden. Mr. Pur garden is shaped like a rhombus with diagonals of 10m and 24m in length. Determine the costs incurred by Mr. Pur to give his garden wire fence, if the price of 1m wire is Rp 10,000. Most students answer the following: Figure 1. Student Test Results Based on Figure 1 shows that the area multiplied by the price of the wire per meter used by students is not appropriate to be applied to solve the problem, and the unit area written is also not appropriate. To find out more whether students experience misconceptions can be seen from the following interview excerpt: P : From the problem, what is known in the problem? S : d1 = 10m and d2 = 24m P : How do you move to solve the problem? S : Determine the area of the garden using the formula for rhombic area, then multiply the area of the garden with the price of a wire per meter P : Are you sure about your work? S : Sure sis Based on the results of the interview it can be shown that the signs of misconception occur in junior high school students 2 Bangil because students' conception of students about the area and circumference of flat shape are not in accordance with the concept of area and circumference agreed by experts, the area unit written is also not in accordance with the unit area agreed upon by experts namely m2. Based on the description above, researchers are interested in finding out more about the misconceptions experienced by students of SMP Negeri 2 Bangil. This study aims to describe the types and causes of misconceptions experienced by students on the subject of plane. METHOD This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. This misconception can be revealed from the results of written tests and the results of researchers' interviews with students. The validity of the data used in this study is the triangulation of techniques, by comparing students 'preconception data, students' written test results, and interview results. Fuat, et all (Classificational and Theoretical Execution Misconceptions) Journal of Education and Learning Mathematics Research | Volume 1, Number 2, 2020 11 This research was carried out in VIID class at SMP Negeri 2 Bangil, Pasuruan Regency for two weeks. In the first week, researchers conducted a w


Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is widely used in energy harvesting because of its excellent material properties. However, as the material contains lead, there are significant environmental concerns with its production and use. Flexoelectricity refers to the coupling between strain gradient and electric polarization that exists, in principle, in all dielectric materials and would allow for energy harvesting without using piezoelectric materials. However, the effect is very weak in most materials. Promisingly, it has recently been shown that space charge polarized materials (i.e., semiconducting materials with insulating barrier layers) can exhibit enhanced flexoelectricity. This space charge induced flexoelectric effect opens up the possibility of a non-toxic replacement for PZT in energy harvesting applications. In this paper we investigate the use of doped silicon with hafnium oxide insulating layers as flexoelectric transducers that could replace PZT in many applications including energy harvesting. Specifically, we experimentally demonstrate flexoelectricity in a bending beam and show an effective flexoelectric coefficient of 4.9 μC/m. Finally, we develop and demonstrate a finite element model for flexoelectricity.


Background: Urethral catheterization is a common procedure in medical practice. Retention of urethral catheter due to inability to deflate the balloon can be a distressing complication for the patient on prolonged indwelling urethral catheter. Several techniques have been devised for removal of such retained urethral catheters. Objective: The aim of this study is to present our experience in the management of retained urethral catheters using trans-rectal ultrasound-guided balloon puncture at the Urology unit of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria. Methods: This was a prospective case series of five men referred to the unit with non–deflatable urethral catheters between July 2013 and January, 2014. Results: Five men were referred with retained urethral catheters. The mean age of the patients was 46.4 years with a range of 25-80 years. Indications for catheterization were benign prostatic hyperplasia, burns, and paraplegia. All had successful catheter removal by ultrasound-guided balloon puncture. Conclusion: Retained urethral catheter can be successfully managed by trans-rectal ultrasound guided balloon puncture which is minimally invasive and does not require regional or general anaesthesia. Method Article Agwu et al.; AJRRU, 2(1): 1-5, 2019; Article no.AJRRU.50806 2


As part of the continuous efforts in developing industry partnerships that will lead to priority consideration of graduates from The School of Technology ArcelorMittal, the world's leading steel company with operations in more than 60 countries, collaborated with The Electrical Engineering Technology (EET) Program at Michigan Tech to engage a group of EET students in solving engineering problems as part of capstone integrating experience and to fulfill the degree program requirements. ArcelorMittal utilizes railroad system to ship metal coils through different climate zones of the United States. Due to significant temperature and humidity fluctuations during transportation, the coils are subject to corrosion. To understand the severity of climate conditions, have an ability to characterize them geographically, and to fully evaluate the cause and the strength of the corrosion, the data containing the information on the humidity, temperature and associated GPS location must be collected. Further evaluation of this data will allow the company to take the preventive actions for protecting the shipped materials. To design and build a "black box" capable of collecting all the required data, a Senior Design team of 2 students was formed in the Electrical Engineering Technology program in the School of Technology at Michigan Tech. Working with the sponsor the project significance was identified as the development and proof of concept demonstration of the multi-sensor device enabling the atmospheric and GPS data collection for the materials shipped through different climate zones of the United States. The benefits are significant the availability of these data allows the company to analyze the atmospheric conditions along the shipping route, register harsh zones with high humidity and extreme temperatures the conditions that severely affect the corrosion process. The GPS data provides the information on the location as well as the duration on various, including undesired, climate conditions. These valuable data will be used to analyze atmospheric conditions along each route and further pre-treat the shipped materials in order to protect them from the corrosion. Additionally, the project provides an excellent opportunity for EET students to apply their skills and course work, and interact with industry on a real-world design challenge. In this article, we describe an effective approach of working in industry sponsored SD project, the SD team requirements, the significance of the project, specific project outcomes, and assessment tools used.


In this study, UV‐LED was employed as a novel light source to investigate the degradation of a representative antibiotic compound, chloramphenicol (CAP), in the absence or presence of H2O2. The UV‐LED irradiation showed a higher capability for degradation of CAP than conventional UV‐Hg vapor lamps. Effects of the initial CAP concentration, UV wavelength, and light intensity on the degradation of CAP by UV‐LED were evaluated. Introduction of H2O2 evidently enhanced the degradation efficiency of CAP due to the production of reactive hydroxyl radicals. Results showed that the UV‐LED/H2O2 removed CAP by up to 95% within 60 min at pH 5.0, which was twice as that achieved by the UV‐LED alone. The degradation products were identified to propose plausible degradation pathways. Moreover, the formation potentials of typical carbonaceous disinfection by‐products (C‐DBPs) and nitrogenous disinfection by‐products (N‐DBPs) were assessed for the CAP polluted water treated by the UV‐LED alone and UV‐LED/H2O2 processes. Results indicate unintended formation of certain DBPs, thereby highlighting the importance of health risk assessments before practical application. This study opens a new avenue for developing environment‐friendly and high‐performance UV‐LED photocatalytic reactors for abatement of CAP pollution in water.


Purpose: Since 2009, all commercial buildings in Sweden should have undergone an energy performance rating in accordance with the European Union directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings. Th ...


A sigma-delta modulator comprising a plurality of filter stages in series with each other, wherein at least one of the plurality of filter stages is configured to provide a filter-output-signal; and a plurality of gain stages, each gain stage configured to provide a gain-output-signal. The sigma-delta modulator also includes a filter-output-switching-element configured to selectively couple the filter-output-signal to an input terminal of one of the plurality of gain stages; and a plurality of filter-input-switching-elements. Each of the plurality of filter-input-switching-elements is associated with one of the plurality of filter stages, wherein the plurality of filter-input-switching-elements are configured to selectively couple one of the gain-stage-output-signals to an input terminal of its associated one of the plurality of filter stages.


This article discusses the formation of engineering competence of bachelor-builder. The main methods are innovative design in the educational process in the study of disciplines aimed at professional activity. Components, criteria and indicators of formation of engineering competence of the bachelor are revealed.


PURPOSE
To report a case of orbital oculomotor nerve schwannoma extending to the cavernous sinus through the superior orbital fissure presenting with proptosis, but without any neurological sign.

CASE REPORT
A 32-year-old man presented with axial proptosis of his left eye. Visual acuity and other ocular examinations were normal. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined fusiform retrobulbar lesion in the left orbit extending into the superior orbital fissure and left cavernous sinus measuring 43 mm × 21 mm × 19 mm and causing superomedial displacement of the optic nerve and axial proptosis. The patient was scheduled for surgery, and gross total excision was done. Postoperatively, the patient developed total third nerve palsy. Pre and postoperative third nerve deficit confirmed the origin of the tumor from the oculomotor nerve. Histopathological examination revealed schwannoma.

CONCLUSION
Orbital oculomotor nerve schwannoma, although rare, can be the cause of proptosis. Diagnosis can be confirmed histopathologically. It is a benign tumor; however, it can extend intracranially without any neurological symptoms. Therefore, neuroimaging is essential to rule out intracranial extension. Early surgical removal is mandatory.


Since Self-Describing Data Sets (SDDS) were first introduced, the source code has been ported to many different operating systems and various languages. SDDS is now available in C, Tcl, Java, Fortran, and Python. All of these versions are supported on Solaris, Linux, and Windows. The C version of SDDS is also supported on VxWorks. With the recent addition of the Java port, SDDS can now be deployed on virtually any operating system. Due to this proliferation, SDDS files serve to link not only a collection of C programs, but programs and scripts in many languages on different operating systems. The platform-independent binary feature of SDDS also facilitates portability among operating systems. This paper presents an overview of various benefits of SDDS platform interoperability.


Especially as a result of legal and technological advancements introduced in the 21st century, the need for corporate governance and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in the international business environment became a desire directed towards an increasingly transparent, thus more reliable approach. With taking into account the impact of such advancements, the exploration of conflicting interests in connection with related matters can be a useful tool in the development of these phenomena. The research ventures into the world of international commercial arbitration and investor-state arbitration, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms frequently applied by the actors of the global business arena. Apart from the examination of the theoretical foundations and legal background of international commercial and investor-state arbitration from the perspectives of privacy and transparency, the paper collects, discusses and compares the rules of procedure of leading arbitral institutions with respect to the degree of privacy and transparency manifested in such instruments. The paper makes the contribution of examining the rules of procedure of leading arbitral institutions from the perspective of certain issues induced by the conflicting interests and relations between privacy and transparency, while also attempting to address such issues in a manner which also takes into account the progressive nature of and requirements set by the 21st century's digital age.


Abstract : As peace continues to break out all over Europe and force reductions rapidly follow, the need to change military thinking and paradigms becomes an imperative. To date, Soviet forces have been asked to leave Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany. Conventional Forces Europe (CFE) talks should further reduce the number of US/Soviet forces facing each other over the East- West borders. Force projection will become an even bigger issue for the USSR when their troops are not forward deployed and a crisis develops internationally. The purpose of this paper is to show that even with restructuring and new thinking, the Soviets have a very real and credible combat force projection capability. With their modernized military transports and large airborne forces, they have a formidable potential to influence events from their borders, a fact we in the West cannot ignore. Keywords: Foreign military forces; Military force levels; Military doctrine; Airlift operations.


The paper presents a new approach to the parameter identification of a wind turbine shaft vibrations measured with piezoelectric sensor. The system order and unknown processes matrices are determined using the wind force as the model input and wind turbine shaft vibrations as the model output. The identified model can be used to estimate the shaft vibrations and design an early damage monitoring system. The real system results have been presented.


During the die bonding process of large IC-chips (say 300mil or above), the application of complex "epoxy writing pattern" are usually needed as to enhance the evenness of epoxy distribution (or the so-called epoxy "spread-out") along the peripheral of the die. In order to obtain a nice epoxy "build-up" or "fillet-height" along the peripheral of the die, and to avoid trapping air bubble (i.e. making voids) inside the epoxy below the die, a suitable epoxy pattern (such as a "cross", a "snow-star", or a "double cross") must be selected as to guarantee that the epoxy dispensed on the lead- frame/substrate can evolve properly to the final shape of the chip that we wanted, after the squeezing process in die attaching. In this study, the thin-film assumption is used to reveal clearly how a particular type of epoxy pattern will evolve when it is subjected to the compression/squeezing action of the die. A simple 2D simulation software-program was developed to solve this viscous thin-film or so-called Hele- Shaw flow problems. The simulation results for the evolution of various epoxy patterns under the die-attach squeezing process are thus obtained and discussed in details. Through investigating the evolution of some simple epoxy patterns (such as a single-line, and a single cross), some general rules governing the evolution of epoxy patterns are derived; and subsequently certain guidelines for the selection of a suitable epoxy pattern in the die bonding process for a particular chip size are discussed. The reasons why it is necessary to use different epoxy patterns for different die-size and epoxy bond- line-thickness (BLT) are briefly illustrated. And finally, the various factors leading to the variation of the epoxy final- shape are also examined.


THE RAPIDLY EXPANDING HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM WILL REQUIRE THE TRAINING OF SEMI-PROFESSIONAL AIDS AND TECHNICIANS WHO MAY BE ASSIGNED TO MANY JOB RESPONSIBILITIES NOW BEING CARRIED ON BY PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS. THE ENGINEERS MAY THEN BE REASSIGNED TO PROFESSIONAL JOB RESPONSIBILITIES FOR WHICH THEY HAVE BEEN TRAINED. THE WISCONSIN SYSTEM OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION DURING RECENT YEARS HAS DEVELOPED TECHNICIAN TRAINING PROGRAMS IN A NUMBER OF FIELDS WHERE THE NEED FOR SEMI-PROFESSIONAL AIDS AND TECHNICIANS IS INCREASING MARKEDLY. CURRICULA AND MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SUCH TRAINING PROGRAMS HAVE ALREADY BEEN APPROVED BY THE STATE BOARD. WHEN THE NEEDS FOR SEMI-PROFESSIONAL AIDS AND TECHNICIANS WAS BROUGHT TO THE BOARD'S ATTENTION A PROGRAM WAS WORKED OUT FOR COOPERATION WITH THE HIGHWAY COMMISSION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR HIGHWAY AIDS IN CITIES OF THE STATE WHERE DISTRICT HIGHWAY OFFICES ARE LOCATED. THE CURRICULUM HAS BEEN PREPARED COOPERATIVELY BY SELECTED VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OFFICIALS AND HIGHWAY AND ALLIED CONSTRUCTION PERSONNEL. TEACHERS, WHO IN SOME INSTANCES WERE EMPLOYED ON HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION DURING THE SUMMER OF 1957, MADE AN ANALYSIS OF THE JOB REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGHWAY AIDS AND TECHNICIANS. BASED ON THIS EXPERIENCE, SPECIFIC COURSES TO MEET THE TRAINING NEEDS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED. PROFESSIONAL WORKERS AND ENGINEERS PRESENTLY EMPLOYED IN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION WILL BE UTILIZED TO PROVIDE SOME OF THE TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION. THE TRAINING PROGRAM WILL BE CONDUCTED ON BOTH A FULL-TIME DAY AND PART-TIME EVENING BASIS. THE DAY PROGRAM WILL EMPHASIZE TRAINING FOR INITIAL EMPLOYMENT AND THE EVENING SCHOOL PROGRAM WILL PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES TO EMPLOYED HIGHWAY WORKERS TO UPGRADE THEMSELVES FOR INCREASED RESPONSIBILITIES AND PROMOTION. IT IS BELIEVED THAT THIS COOPERATIVE TRAINING EFFORT WILL TO SOME DEGREE ALLEVIATE THE SHORTAGE OF TRAINED SEMI-PROFESSIONAL PERSONNEL REQUIRED FOR THE EXPANDED HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM. /AUTHOR/


Background: The COVID-19 virus is not only effecting physical health, but immensely effecting on psychological health Objective: To evaluate the psychological health issues, stress, anxiety and depression, among the adult population during the movement control period of COVID-19 Design: Research study is cross-section design, online data collection through social media and internet Methods and Material: Online cross-sectional survey was conduct (n=716) using Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS) Statistical analysis used: descriptive statistical analyses, to highlight the prevalence rate of psychological issues and coping response using SPSS Results: The prevalence in score of Stress 70% (Mean=2 02), Anxiety 67% (Mean=1 71) and Depression 42 3% (Mean=2 28) Conclusions: There is significant prevalence of psychological health issues among adults during the adverse unavoidable circumstance due to COVID-19 Pandemic movement control order © 2020, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine All rights reserved


Discloses a system for removing show LVDS signal frequency, comprising an input LVDS signal acquisition module, a first phase locked loop, the clock detection module, the FIFO buffer, the control processor, a second phase locked loop and an output signal synthesizing LVDS module, wherein the control processor receives the data valid information about clock synchronization signal sent by the detection module and the detection results for the frequency range, and jitter of the clock signal, for controlling a FIFO buffer to transfer data and calculate the required reduction It recovered clock signal and the control signal is transmitted to the calculation result with the second phase locked loop, so that the local clock signal without spread spectrum frequency adjustment feature corresponding form a stable recovered clock signal; Finally, the LVDS output signal synthesis module a data signal, synchronization signal, and a second phase locked loop clock recovery signal is transmitted without a synthesized to output a spread spectrum signal of LVDS. The present invention also discloses a method of removing an LVDS signal is spread spectrum.


M. Gawełczyk,1, 2, ∗ P. Wyborski,2 P. Podemski,2 J. P. Reithmaier,3 S. Höfling,4, 5 and G. Sęk2 1Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 2Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland 3Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics (INA), CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany 4Technische Physik, University of Würzburg and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany 5SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St.Andrews, North Haugh, KY16 9SS St. Andrews, United Kingdom


G. Mustafa, ∗ Ibrar Hussain, † and Wu-Ming Liu 4, 5, ‡ Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, Shanghai, People's Republic of China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China


SUMMARY

An attempt to control the wheat bulb fly at three sites by killing the eggs with a flame thrower had not been successful.


A two-dimensional \emph{grid} is a set $\Gnm = [n]\times[m]$. A grid $\Gnm$ is \emph{$c$-colorable} if there is a function $\chi_{n,m}: \Gnm \to [c]$ such that there are no rectangles with all four corners the same color. We address the following question: for which values of $n$ and $m$ is $\Gnm$ $c$-colorable? This problem can be viewed as a bipartite Ramsey problem and is related to a the Gallai-Witt theorem (also called the multidimensioanl Van Der Waerden's Theorem). We determine (1) \emph{exactly} which grids are 2-colorable, (2) \emph{exactly} which grids are 3-colorable, and (3) \emph{exactly} which grids are 4-colorable. We use combinatorics, finite fields, and tournament graphs.


Motion synthesis has become an important research area in computer animation. When synthesizing new motions, recent partial body parts motion synthesis methods allow two upper body motions to be swapped if they have similar lower body motion. Although such requirement can ensure natural motion, it limits the possibility of new motions that can be synthesized using this method. In this paper, we propose to relax this requirement by considering also lower body motions that have only similar functionality and regularity. To facilitate the similarity measurement, a new time alignment algorithm is proposed so that motion sequences which have similar regularity can be easily identified. Our results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the reusability of motion data for motion synthesis. (4 pages)


The DICOM standard has become the international standard for the medical image.General image processing software can not display DICOM image since the structure of DICOM files is complex.By studying the typical DICOM image display technique systematically,the DICOM image display system was designed and developed by making use of rapid development of Delphi.This system can display the DICOM image with its file information correctly,and it has many functions of image processing,such as contrast display of multi-image,image reversal display,brightness and contrast adjustment.


Rock and roll music played at 80 dB decreased performance of 151 male and female undergraduates on mathematical and verbal tasks taken from national aptitude tests but not their scores on reading comprehension.


Selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in the water and sediment of the Sava River in Serbia were investigated from three locations in the vici- nity of industrial and urban settlements (Sabac, Obrenovac and Belgrade) during the period spring 2007 to autumn 2011. The fluxes of heavy metals from the river water to the sediment due to sedimentation and heavy metal re- suspension fluxes arising from sediment re-suspension at high flows were determined, by application of a model for the assessment of the transport the pollutants through rivers. These fluxes were attributed mainly to natural processes.


A 9-month-old infant presented with fatal pneumococcal sepsis and attenuated inflammation indices. Even in septic conditions, flow cytometry–based CD62L shedding test on granulocytes proved to be a fast and reliable diagnostic tool for the detection of a defect in the innate immunity. Confirmatory immunologic and genetic assays identified an autosomal-recessive interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase-4 deficiency due to compound heterozygous mutations.


The time course of the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia in humans has not been fully defined. In this investigation, study A was designed to assess the form of the increase in pulmonary vascu...


Accurate determination of photovoltaic (PV) parameters holds immense significance for ensuring the reliability of solar system operations, uninterrupted power supply for load consumption, and efficient control and management of energy sources. I-V curves transform parameter extraction into a nonlinear optimization problem supported by the I-V data points in the PV model to characterize the PV model macroscopically. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel parameter extraction model using the

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 -learning-based multistrategy improved shuffled frog leading algorithm (CRNSFLA). During the evaluation process of the proposed algorithm, the colony predation algorithm (CPA) is utilized to expand the search range of the worst individual, which is no longer confined to the line segment range between the current and best values. In the later stage of evaluation, the optimal individual serves as the starting point and is applied to the Nelder-Mead simplex (NMS) for forming a simplex to mine higher-quality solutions. Besides, the simplest reinforcement

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 -learning allows for a reasonable switch between these two mechanisms. A reasonable balance between exploration and exploitation trends is ensured while making full use of the advantages of both according to the reward and punishment mechanisms. The comprehensive test results under various optimization functions, different PV models, and environmental conditions demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more advantageous than existing algorithms for parameter extraction problems. Specifically, CRNSFLA had RMSEs of 9.8602E-04, 9.8248E-04, and 9.8248E-04 in the single-diode model (SDM), double-diode model (DDM), and three-diode model (TDM), respectively. Moreover, compared with the original shuffled frog leading algorithm, the CRNSFLA showed significant improvements in 62% of the optimization functions. Therefore, CRNSFLA can be considered an effective tool for solar cell parameter extractions.


A 68-year-old woman with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) on hemodialysis was admitted for progressive dyspnea over 6 months. On chest X-ray, her cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) had increased from 52.2% 6 months prior, to 71%, and echocardiography revealed diffuse pericardial effusion and right ventricular diastolic insufficiency. A resultant pericardial tamponade was thought to be the cause of the patient's dyspnea, so a pericardiocentesis was performed with a total of 2000 mL of fluid removed. However, 21 days later the same amount of pericardial fluid had reaccumulated. A second pericardiocentesis was performed, followed by transcatheter renal artery embolization (TAE). The kidneys, which were hard on palpation before TAE, softened immediately after TAE. After resolution of the pericardial effusion was confirmed, the patient was discharged after 24 days in hospital. Twelve months later, the patient was asymptomatic, the CTR was decreased to 48% on chest X-ray and CT revealed no reaccumulation of pericardial effusion. This case illustrates a potential relationship between enlarged kidneys in ADPKD and pericardial effusion.


Why care about the American death penalty at all? It constitutes only a tiny part of the criminal justice system. Fewer than 50 people were executed and slightly over 100 people were sentenced to death nationwide in 2007, while considerably over two million people remain incarcerated in the non-capital criminal justice system. The death penalty does not even constitute a substantial part of our system for punishing homicide. In a country that has experienced between 15,000 and 20,000 homicides per year nationwide over the past decade, the number of capital sentences and executions last year looks particularly trivial. The relative paucity of death sentences and executions does not disappear if we focus on the high-water marks for death-sentencing and executions in the modern era, with highs for death sentences in the 300s (per year, nationwide) and executions hovering close to 100 (per year, nationwide). By any metric, capital punishment receives a disproportionate share of popular, political, and legal attention. The sheer number of films, books, magazine, and newspaper articles discussing and depicting capital cases would suggest that capital prosecutions, sentences,


Mobile edge computing (MEC) has been envisioned as an essential technology for latency-critical applications by providing computing services in close proximity to mobile users. Bringing MEC to come into practice, how to support user mobility remains challenging. In addition to seeking a thorny tradeoff between service latency and migration cost, both interactions in space and time exist in mobility management, which requires collaboration among users and perfect prior knowledge, including user mobility and network information. In this article, we propose an efficient mobility management framework for MEC networks, in which mobility management is operated centered around users' performance and cost, while radio access and computing service provision are loosely coupled. With a loosely coupled design, the proposed framework exhibits more flexibility and incurs higher complexity. Focusing on multiuser and multicell MEC networks, this joint control problem is formulated to maximize the long-term total utility accounting for the service delay and migration cost. Considering the exponential complexity, a distributed mobility management approach is developed, which combines game theory and user-oriented deep reinforcement learning to deal with the interactions in space and time. Simulation results show the efficiency and scalability of the proposed approach.


In distributed data acquisition system,Data Acquisition Gateways are often made for special-purpose,can not meet the universal needs.To address this issue,this paper designed a configurable data acquisition gateway.Using modularization thought,builds the Data Acquisition Gateway software framework.Using the XML technology,describes the device,the data format and the data processing rules,realizes dynamic loading of the device description information and the data processing rule,strengthens the data acquisition gateway's versatility.Through example of the embedded construction energy consumption data acquisition gateway,has confirmed the method's feasibility.


ABSTRACT We examine how the ability to augment capacity on an as-needed basis affects capacity planning. If it is feasible and desirable to augment all resources on an as-needed basis, optimal capacity planning can be done separately for each resource. Optimality of this simple rule is lost if even one capacity resource imposes "hard" constraints. Simulations indicate that simplifying capacity planning to focus on an expected bottleneck resource dominates product- or resource-level capacity planning, when all resources impose hard constraints and the firm's product mix problem is significant.


In the original index coding problem, each user has a set of uncoded packets as side information, and wants to decode some other packets from the source node. The source node aims at satisfying the demands of all users as quickly as possible. With linear network coding, this is accomplished by broadcasting linear combinations of the source packets over some finite field. Since the broadcast is performed over a wireless channel, a user may overhear some coded packets that are not intended to him/her. This motivates a generalization of the index coding problem to the case where linearly coded packets are used as side information. We show that this generalized linear index coding problem is equivalent to solving a system of multi-variable polynomial equations. A heuristic solution is constructed and is applied to the broadcast relay channel.


The counseling activities of environmental health through environmental sanitation and hygiene as an effort to improve the quality of public health in Soslotek Village, Kaure District Jayapura Regency, have been conducted on August 20, 2020. The activity aims to motivate the community about the importance of maintaining cleanliness and environmental health in supporting community health, as well as to provide understanding to the community in protecting the environment in order to avoid diseases caused by an unhealthy environment. The methods used in this activity were lectures, discussions and questions as well as answers. This activity has succeeded in involving 26 people from various backgrounds such as youth, students, mothers and fathers. The implementation of counseling activity of environmental health began with self-introduction by the team of presenters, then the team of presenters tried to dig basic knowledge of the community about sanitation and environmental hygiene through the introduction of the surrounding environment such as the use of environmental units for settlements, gardening, traditional ceremonies, bathing, and washing as well as latrines (MCK). After obtaining information about the basic knowledge of the community, the team of community service activity then presented the important materials of environmental health about how to manage a good environment to create a clean and healthy environment. With the existence of this community service activity on environmental health, hopefully it can increase the knowledge of the residents of Soskotek Village about a style of healthy life for the sake of creating a better quality of life, and is able to increase the awareness of the people of Soskotek Village to participate actively in maintaining cleanliness and environmental health.Keywords: :  environmental, management, sanitation, community, jayapura


In this article, we argue that although Bohr's version of the Copenhagen interpretation is in line with several key elements of logical positivism, pragmatism is the closest approximation to a classification of the Copenhagen interpretation, whether or not pragmatists directly influenced the key figures of the interpretation. Pragmatism already encompasses important elements of operationalism and logical positivism, especially the liberalized Carnapian reading of logical positivism. We suggest that some elements of the Copenhagen interpretation, which are in line with logical positivism, are also supported by pragmatism. Some of these elements are empirical realism, fallibilism, holism, and instrumentalism. However, pragmatism goes beyond logical positivism in espousing some other key elements of the Copenhagen interpretation, though imperfectly, such as the correspondence principle, complementarity, and indeterminism.


The cutter location source file of UG was studied, using UG/Open Grip, the useful processor was designed for Huazhong Numerical Control System (HNC-21M). The experiment result met the requirements to post processing and machining.Accordingly, it testified the validity and feasibility of this method.


The invention discloses an electroplating liquid, a silvering method and a silvered plating piece based on a glued metal base material and a PI covering film. According to the invention, the formula of an electroplating liquid used in the silvering process is modified qualitatively, and the current during silvering is correspondingly changed, so that the colloidality of the PI covering film after silvering cannot be reduced, and tissues inside the PI covering film cannot be destroyed, and the service life of the silvered plating piece based on the glued metal base material and the PI covering film is prolonged to some extent. Preferably, two-time cooper preplating operations are adopted, the well combination of the plating piece metal layer and the plating piece can be ensured, the surface is flat, compact, good in lightness, and strong in color change resistance; nick plating is not needed before silvering, the process is simple, the operation is convenient, the cost is low, and requirements on the production field can be met; preferably, a plane hanger is adopted, the conductibility of the plane hanger is high than that of a circle hanger, and the current can be more uniform when passing the hanger, so that the current acting on each product can be uniform, and shunt of a high-current area can be realized.


This article suggests that the conversion of defense to civilian R&D and the movement to make universities and federal laboratories more responsive to industrial needs are threatening the nation's basic science capabilities. The roles of the federal government, industry, and universities in the support, production and utilization of basic research are analyzed. The article concludes that due to declining federal support for academic research, universities are under pressure to find alternative sources of funding. Industry's effort to outsource research provides universities with some financial relief. The two trends combine to threaten the university's function as the main supplier of basic science. The article recommends federal and industrial science policies that increase funding levels of basic research in order to relieve pressures on universities. Emphasis should also be placed on improving mechanisms for commercialization of results from basic research between universities and industry, and within the within the companies themselves. >


Transition metal dichalcogenides with intrinsic spin–valley degrees of freedom hold great potentials for applications in spintronic and valleytronic devices. MoS2 monolayer possesses two inequivalent valleys in the Brillouin zone, with each valley coupling selectively with circularly polarized photons. The degree of valley polarization (DVP) is a parameter to characterize the purity of valley‐polarized photoluminescence (PL) of MoS2 monolayer. Usually, the detected values of DVP in MoS2 monolayer show achiral property under optical excitation of opposite helicities due to reciprocal phonon‐assisted intervalley scattering process. Here, it is reported that valley‐polarized PL of MoS2 can be tailored through near‐field interaction with plasmonic chiral metasurface. The resonant field of the chiral metasurface couples with valley‐polarized excitons, and tailors the measured PL spectra in the far‐field, resulting in observation of chiral DVP of MoS2‐metasurface under opposite helicities excitations. Valley‐contrast PL in the chiral heterostructure is also observed when illuminated by linearly polarized light. The manipulation of valley‐polarized PL in 2D materials using chiral metasurface represents a viable route toward valley‐polaritonic devices.


This study comparing Spanish and Danish negotiation styles suggests that culture-specific factors are critical in understanding multicultural communication. Although the two groups received identical training in negotiation styles, they retained key differences in terms of topic allocation, verbal immediacy and topic progression; the Spanish were substantially more people-oriented, whereas the Danish were substantially more task-oriented. These results suggest that the two groups of negotiators would view each other's negotiating styles critically because of the differences in their cultural styles. >


The invention provides a reliability assessment method and device applied to an FPGA. The reliability assessment method comprises the steps that for each line fault to be assessed, the set of sensitization input vectors corresponding to the line fault is recognized, wherein the sensitization input vectors can activate the line fault to be assessed, the line fault is the fixed v fault on a line, and the v is a logic value; the reliability assessment method further comprises the steps that for each line fault to be assessed, the set of invalid input vectors corresponding to the line fault is recognized, wherein according to the invalid input vectors, the fault can be propagated to a circuit output to cause mistaken output of the logic value. The logic value X represents 0 or 1, and the input vectors are simplified. According to the reliability assessment method and device applied to the FPGA, the probability that various line faults are activated in the FPGA can be accurately obtained, the fault propagation probability of the various line faults in the FPGA can be fast and accurately obtained furthermore, and then reliability assessment is conducted on an FPGA circuit fast and accurately.


This paper focuses on recent data breaches of two differing entities, Target (2013) and the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (2015). The number of accounts and people, as well as the personally identifiable financial information (PIFI) and personally identifiable information (PII), affected are discussed. Additionally, the lessons learned from each incident and the proposed or updated security measures implemented will be addressed.


Assessment of genetic variability and relationship among important horticultural traits was done in garden pea. There was wide variability among the 32 genotypes for all traits. Little or no difference between genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for all traits confirmed low environmental influence on the characters under study. High PCV for pod yield (q/ha), number of pods/plant and average pod weight indicated additive gene action. High variability with high to moderate genetic advance for pod yield (q/ha), pod yield/plant, number of pods/plant, 10 pod weight, shelling percentage and plant height suggested additive gene action and ability of improvement through selection. Higher genotypic correlations revealed inherent association among traits. Strong character association of number of pods/plant with pod yield suggested it as selection criterion for high yield. Adequate genetic variability within germplasm indicates scope for genetic improvement of yield and quality traits. Pods/plant had maximum direct effect on pod yield. Conclusively, selection based on higher pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, average pod weight, pod width and plant height may improve pod yield.


Two types of developments for very accurate non‐adiabatic corrections to rovibrational molecular energy levels, one of a formal nature and the other of a heuristic nature, lead to fundamentally different approaches for effective nuclear masses. The former yields effective masses that have non‐physical interpretation at some ranges of nuclear distances. The later uses physical masses obtained from electronic structure calculations. This paper contains a brief review of the subject and proposes procedures to improve and generalize the heuristic approach. Comparisons are made of the results obtained by the two approaches for the H molecule, since no further calculations were found with the proper accuracy, but some issues involving the HeH ion and the water molecule are discussed. The conclusion is that the heuristic approach has many advantages over the formal one, namely, equivalent accuracy and physically grounded qualitative interpretation. But, moreover, it seems to be presently the only method that allows non‐adiabatic calculations for well isolated states of larger molecules.


ABSTRACT An efficient, highly product selective, eco-friendly, one-pot multicomponent synthesis of dihydropyrimidine derivatives via Biginelli reaction has been described. The reaction was developed by greener nanoparticle-catalyzed organic synthesis enhancement (NOSE) chemistry and solvent free reaction condition (SFRC) approaches, which helped us in making the procedure greener. The reaction went smoothly with a diverse range of aromatic, aliphatic, hetero-aromatic aldehydes, different amine sources, as well as various β-dicarbonyl compounds, showing the flexibility of this methodology. Magnetically separable nano-Fe3O4@SiO2@SO3H, which acts as a potent solid acid catalyst, was characterized by FT-IR, SEM, EDX and TEM, VSM, and TGA analyses. The catalyst was recycled from the reaction mixture easily by an external magnet and reused in five more consecutive runs without much decrease in catalytic activity. Its catalytic efficiency was compared to other nano and bulk solid acid catalyst in order to ascertain the best combination for the conversion. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


People gain knowledge through meaning construction mode and use necessary learning material under certain circumstances.The information on the net will improve the learners' studies.This paper studies the college students' learning strategy and how to use the computer and the internet to assist English learning.


Since Kirchhoff's current-law prohibits the use of "nodes," and Kirchhoff's voltage-law prohibits the use of the "planes over the meshes," the topological theory of electric networks must be based upon the utilization of "branches" only (1-network) and their surroundings. A large number of visible and invisible multidimensional p -networks surrounding the branches can be introduced, that collectively form neither a graph nor a polyhedron, but a nonRiemannian space. All the parameters of Maxwell's field equations propagate in this space. Thus the four rectangular connection-matrices C_{0}, C_{c}, A^{°} , and A^{c} of each p -network form the building-blocks of an asymmetric "affine connection" \Gamma_{\beta\gamma}^{\alpha} . It defines the "covariant" space-derivatives, that replace in networks the familiar gradient, divergence, and curl concepts of fields.


The principles, characteristics, and uses of typical optical fibers are described in this article. The definitions and physical description of an optical fiber are shown.


A mathematical model developed in an earlier paper describes the experimental x-ray profiles of equatorial nylon-6 reflections in terms of Pearson VII functions. The present paper deals with the physical aspects and interpretations of the interrelations of the parameters obtained and the relation between these parameters and the results of other types of measurements. It was found that the growth of the crystallites perpendicular to the chain axis is not isotropic, the strongest growth being in the direction of the hydrogen bonds. Growth and perfection of the crystallites are found to be highly correlated. Large crystals are related to short distances between the planes containing the hydrogen bonds and so to densely packed, i.e., perfect unit cells. This correlation forms the basis for the observed similarity between our quantification technique and the method of the crystal perfection index introduced by Statton. Curve resolution, however, makes the method better applicable for poorly crystallized samples. Comparison of the results with those of small-angle x-ray scattering gave a high degree of consistency with respect to the determined crystal size. In the literature mention is made of a relation between the dimensions and the melting point of the crystals; this relation is confirmed by comparing the appropriate x-ray parameters with DTA results of methoxymethylated nylon 6-yarns.

Information about the γ-phase can be obtained from equatorial and meridional reflections. The expected relationship between the relevant peak areas was established. This reported evidence shows the physical validity of the parameters obtained using the Pearson VII model for the analytical description of x-ray reflections of nylon-6 yarns.


The concepts of Monte Carlo simulation, in conjunction with relevant concepts from probability and statistics, are presented by illustrating their application to an industrial waste peak load smoothing problem. A tanning operation consisting of eight batch processes and two continuous flow processes, has been simulated. The formulation of all input data and assumptions has been described in detail and the logic involved in programming the simulation has been explained. The simulator has been used to examine the possibility of smoothing peak loads, in terms of both flow and organic load, by altering the schedule of waste liquors from the various batch tanning processes. Extensions of simulation byond the limited scope of this study have been suggested by posing several typical and important questions which can be answered using the concepts explained herein. The basic concepts have been presented in simple and general terms to facilitate and encourage the use of simulation in other industrial waste problem situations.


Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by t(15;17) translocation, PML :: RARA rearrangement, a high risk of fatal hemorrhage, and sensitivity to anthracyclines, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic-based therapy. 1 The white blood cell (WBC) count at


Since 1977, 182 children have been enrolled for treatment of active tuberculosis. Diagnosis was made on the basis of a positive tuberculin skin test with compatible chest roentgenogram or physical examination abnormalities. A pediatrician, senior author, saw most of the patients and reviewed the records of the rest. Cultures were obtained from 42 patients, with 19 positive for M. tuberculosis. Presentation with symptoms resulted in diagnosis in 31 (17%), case contact investigation in 128 (70%) and routine screening in 23 (13%). Ages ranged from 2½ months to 15 years, median 3 years, with 50 under 2 years. Only 20 were hospitalized. Pulmonary disease was present in 170, 85% were asymptomatic. Hilar adenopathy alone was seen in 116, infiltrates in 56, miliary disease and pleural effusion in 4 each and 5 had cavities. Extrapulmonary disease was seen in 12, 11 with cervical adenitis and 1 with arthritis. Patients were monitored and medication dispensed by public health nurses, under the supervision of the authors. Treatment was with largely twice weekly INH and rifampin for 6 months for cases with hilar adenopathy alone, 9 months for all others. Respiratory symptoms cleared quickly; cervical nodes in 2-7 months. Most roentgenograms were free of infiltrates in less than a year but hilar adenopathy lasted 1-3 years. Two had drug toxicity (vomiting, rash). Therapy was successfully completed in 168, with greater than 2 year follow-up in 116 without relapse. A pediatrician helps assure good care for children in a Health Department Tuberculosis Program.


Abstract In the present work, we report the first reference for blue alcon, Maculinea alcon (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), in Portugal. This butterfly species maintains a complex relationship with its host plant marsh gentian (Gentiana pneumonanthe L., Gentianaceae) and with Myrmica ants in its habitat in Northern Portugal. This study involved a multivariate analysis of the relationship between M. alcon and selected habitat variables aimed at proposing a suitable methodology for the conservation of this species. Three habitats were distinguished in terms of their floristic combinations: density of ferns (more humid and deep soils, Habitat A), size of grasses (left wetlands, Habitat B) and shrubs (productive wetland, Habitat C). In these habitats, several G. pneumonanthe and M. alcon parameters were recorded as well as the number of host ant nests. Taller plants and higher number of Maculinea eggs were observed in the habitats with higher values ofshrubs and grasses cover (Habitats B and C), whereas the higher number of plants was stimulated by higher values of shrub cover (Habitat C). In contrast, more humid soils and low cattle pressures reduce the density of plants and ant nests and, consequently, the presence of Maculinea. However, the existence of ant nests is decreased under herbaceous layers. These results suggest that the right balance between the number of gentians and Myrmica nests will ensure the survival of theM.alcon butterfly. Thus, the management of the ecosystems where these species occur, i.e. the Erica tetralix hygroscopic communities, requires the maintenance of the balance between the grass and the shrub layers in order to ensure the existence of Myrmica nests and, consequently, the survival of M. alcon.


We propose a resource allocation policy that uses (a) Power as a first class parameter as an indicator of the computational intensity of a task and its potential impact on peak power draw, and (b) Power Tolerance as an indicator of a task's sensitivity towards degradation of performance as a result of resource contention. Through experimentation and analysis, we present coarse-grained and fine-grained Power Tolerance assignment methods that can be employed to make smarter peak power performance trade-offs. Our experiments show that (a) cloud operators can benefit from a uniform workload-wide setting of Power Tolerance to achieve significant reduction in peak power consumption, (b) fine-grained Power Tolerance assignment methods show potential in making smarter peak power and performance trade-offs.


This Economic Letter analyses the performance of permanently modified mortgage loans, of which there were some 38,086 in the domestic Irish banks at end-2013. For modified loans with prior default history (18,740), 55 per cent met the modified repayment amount at end-2013, up from 28 per cent in 2011. The proportion of default borrowers meeting modified repayments after three and twelve months is converging, at 68 and 60 per cent, respectively for modifications issued in 2013q4. This could be due to better loan modification strategies or the improving economic backdrop. Positive trends are welcomed, however more work is needed to address the large number of loans still in default but which have not been modified (28,585 in the Irish domestic banks as at end-2013), and the high proportion of partial (29 per cent) and non-paying (11 per cent) modified loans.


We prove some quadruple random coincidence and quadruple random fixed point theorems under a set of conditions. We give examples to support our result. Our results are a generalization of the recent paper of Ciric and Lakshmikantham (2009).


Introduction : Breast self-examination is a simple, inexpensive, and technology-free tool for early detection of breast cancer, and in most countries, specifically in developing countries, it is the only genuine way to detect breast cancer rapidly. So, the current study was done to determine the factors affecting breast self-examination behavior in housewives . Methods : This descriptive-analytical study was done with 450 housewives aged 20-40 years visiting health centers in Birjand, South Khorasan. The sample was randomly selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of demographic information and transtheoretical model constructs and then were entered into the SPSS 19 software. Variables of normal distribution were analyzed using t tests and one-way analysis of variance, while non-normal data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The mean age of women was 30.7 ± 5.2 years. Based on the structure of the change steps, 32.9% of the women were at the precontemplation stage, 19.6% at the contemplation stage, 23.3% at the preparation stage, 18.2% at the action stage, and 6% at the maintenance stage. The mean score was 2.33 ± 0.57 for the decision structure, 2.51 ± 0.82 for the change process, and 1.61 ± 0.81 for the self-efficacy. Among the variables studied, the level of education and awareness showed a significant relationship with the model constructs (p < 0.05). Conclusion : According to the results of the study, most women studied did not perform breast self-examination. Consequently, it is necessary to perform educational interventions to improve the behavior of breast self-examination .


Fiber optic Bragg gratings have made possible an array of structural monitoring prospects. This includes: multiplexed sensing, short and long gauge length sensing, and distributed sensing. An overview is provided of each of these sensing modalities-with particular reference to applications in the construction and aerospace fields. In addition, the advances and prospects of demodulation of these sensors by means of optoelectronic quantum well microchips is also presented.


Aspirin, commonly used for prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, is well known to protect against development of colorectal cancer (CRC) but increases risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). This cohort study aims to evaluate the benefit of low‐dose aspirin to prevent CRC and its associated risk of GIB.


Often, coders find themselves using the same procedures or sequence of procedures over and over again. It would be very useful to create a "shell" of a procedure or program that can be used to cut down on repetitive typing. (For example, to submit the generic code "proc print; run;"). This quick demonstration will show how to create/edit/use SAS ® abbreviations to quickly interject code into the Enhanced Editor window in SAS ® for Windows or in the code node in SAS ® Enterprise Guide ® . This technique can be easily used by any level of SAS user from beginning to expert!


Elviye-i Selase is a given name for the area which consists of Kars, Ardahan and Batum under The Ottoman Empire. After The Russo-Turkish War of 1877– 1878, this region has remained under the Russian administration during 40 years as the war compensation. This region was joined again to Turkey with the Treaty of BrestLitovsk which was done between Turkey and Russia. Elviye-i Selase is exist in the boundary of Misak-ı Milli which was formed in the course of Turkish War of Independence. But Soviet Russia had a tendency to get again Batum at the first occasion. Batum had a great ∗ Dr. , Hitit Üniversitesi.


A novel two-dimensional (2D) process simulator has been developed which can handle local oxidation, implantation through arbitrary mask edges, nonplanar surfaces, and high concentration diffusion. Through coupling of 2D process and device simulators, the sensitivity of perimeter junction capacitance and breakdown voltage to variations in boron channel-stop implantation dose and local oxidation time has been simulated for a standard NMOS technology. Experimental results using test structures have confirmed the simulations. It is shown that simple power-law dependencies as a function of the process variables give good agreement with the data.


Both computers and people find it difficult to organize knowledge because it is imperfect. The challenge of ambiguous knowledge is to recognize and resolve the ambiguity. The challenge of conditional knowledge is to identify conditions that distinguish between correct and incorrect applications of knowledge. The challenge of contradictory knowledge is to discover a contradiction when it is not immediately obvious. The challenge of fragmented knowledge is to integrate related knowledge stored in long-term memory. The challenge of inert knowledge is to activate relevant knowledge when it is needed. The challenge of misclassified knowledge is to identify and reclassify it. The challenge of uncertain knowledge is to incorporate probabilities into reasoning. Progress is occurring in meeting each of these challenges.


This report examines the science advisory system in the UK, how it has changed and how it may develop further in the future. It looks at structure and functions within the UK Government (including the Government Chief Scientific Advisor, the Government Office for Science, government departments, scientific advisory committees - including SAGE - and the Science and Engineering Profession). It also describes science advice in the UK Parliament. The report looks at the role of public research funders, particularly UK Research and Innovation and its research councils, and it discusses how universities are responding to incentives to improve the supply of evidence and expertise. There are brief sections discussing the role of other actors (such as national academies, charities and industry) and discussion of some cross-cutting themes.


Objective To investigate the color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI)characteristics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT),so as to elevate diagnostic accordance rate.Methods The sonographic characteristics of HT and complications confirmed by histology,cytology and laboratory were retrospectively analyzed in 60 patients.Results Echographic patterns of HT were generalized as four types:topical type(9 cases),nodular type(6 cases),defuse type(21 cases)and diffuse nodular type(24 cases).Each type had different incidence rate of hypothyroidism.HT-nodulars in diffuse nodular type could develop from diffuse type,but after medication some of them disappeared and transformed again to diffuse type.The blood flow of 45 cases increased in different level,while "flames sea sign" was observed only in 14 cases.Conclusion CDFI can provide comparatively accurate diagnosis for HT.


Introduction PART ONE 1. Sustainable Development as a Contested Concept 2. Sustainability: Should We Start from Here? PART TWO 3. Sustainable Development and Our Obligations to Future 4. Sustainability and Intergenerational Justice 5. Ecology and Opportunity: Intergenerational Equity and Sustainable Options 6. Social Justice and Environmental Goods 7. An Extension of the Rawlsian Savings Principle to Liberal Theories of Justice in General 8. Sustainable Development and Accumulation of Capital: Reconciling the Irreconcilable PART THREE 9. Must the Poor pay More? Sustainable Development, Social Justice, and Environmental Taxation 10. Ecological Degradation: A Cause for Conflict, a Concern for Survival Index


A 63-year-old man presented with a three-month history of painless hematuria. A cystoscopic examination revealed a diffuse small nodulopapillary growth of the bladder mucosa. Biopsy resulted in the diagnosis of a transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), grade II. Therefore, total cystectomy with an ileal conduit was performed and the pathologic examination demonstrated a TCC grade II/III apparently confined to the mucosa. However, an ultrasonographic study carried out one year later revealed tumor masses in the pelvic cavity and the liver. FNA and needle biopsy of the liver were carried out and the diagnosis of a metastatic TCC was made from the former. Needle biopsy results pointed to a metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma, most likely originating from the TCC. The advantage of FNA is discussed. It is being used with increasing frequency to diagnose mass lesions in the liver and can identify metastatic tumors which have specific cytologic features that are different from primary liver tumor.


Describes development of a high resolution imaging XPS spectrometer. The spectrometer was to consist of four main components. A high magnification input lens; double 180 degrees concentric hemispherical analyzers; a transfer lens between the two analyzers; and a high spatial resolution two-dimensional charge injected device (CID) detector. The input lens was to operate in the imaging mode with a magnification of at least 20. At the final exit plane there exists a spatially (and hence energy) resolved electron image, to be amplified by micro-channel plate electron multipliers and output to the CID detector. This detector has been designed to have 256*256 channels with 20 mu m*20 mu m pixel dimension. Thus the spatial resolution, with a times 20 magnification will be 1 mu m. With this design the whole image (=250 mu m) will be acquired continuously in real time without scanning the primary X-ray beam, the sample, or the ejected photoelectrons. This will allow chemical maps to be obtained at high spatial resolutions with significantly improved data collection speeds over present methods. This paper will describe the high spatial resolution, two-dimensional, charge injected, electron sensing device (CID) that is used to detect the spatially resolved image.


Enoch Thulin was one of the most important aviation pioneers in early 20th century Scandinavia – perhaps the most important as his air exhibitions contributed to a public awareness of aviation, at least in Sweden. Despite this, little interest has been paid to Thulin's life-work. Jan Waernberg's profound biography is therefore an important contribution, especially within the fields of technological, industrial and not least aviation history. Apart from flying, Thulin presented a dissertation in physics at the University of Lund and manufactured aeroplanes and motors at his company in Landskrona. We get the opportunity to follow Thulin from his childhood years until the tragic flight accident that ended his life in 1919, at the age of 38. Waernberg also briefly examines the fate of Thulin's industry after his death. The book is an impressive piece of work about Thulin's life and Waernberg deserves credibility for his extensive research. The author's main strength is his knowledge and enthusiasm for the subject, providing the reader with an engaging biography of a remarkable person. The first chapter gives a good background to Thulin's interest in aviation, although some parts can be viewed as less necessary for understanding this obsession. Perhaps Thulin to some extent revolted against his clerical background. His father, the deputy vicar, passed away when Thulin was nine years and his young mother presumably wanted him to walk in his father's footsteps. In Thulin's teenage years the choice stood, however, between becoming an engineer or a teacher in physics and chemistry. He also dreamed of being able to fly and while he served as a teacher in Stockholm, he came in contact with the aeronautic society of Sweden, something that further spurred his interest. Waernberg convincingly places Thulin in a contemporary aviation development context; he followed Langley's experiment in America, the Lillienthal brothers' in Germany and Janne Cederblom's and Gustaf Dalèn's in Sweden. He discussed them with other members of the aeronautic society. The contact with Dalèn – established through a student colleague in Lund – was an important point. Dalèn was probably directly decisive when Thulin's interest in aerodynamics was transformed into activities as he paved the way. This connection can also be viewed as a main thread through the book. Dalén later financed Thulin's education as well as his enterprise. The connection between Thulin's research and the Swedish innovator Otto Witt's aeroplane, striving towards a stable position when it was hit by blasts or capsized when it turned, is another clever point from the author. The second chapter examines Thulin's air exhibitions in 1913 and 1914; although it begins with his 1912 education in France and ends with his emergency service in the


In this paper, the efficient portfolio frontier is derived for cases in which short sales are not allowed by dual theory of parametrical programming. Analytic result shows that the efficient portfolio frontier in which short sales are not allowed is a continuous and convex and piecewise quadratic curve. Applying tripartition technique may obtain which assets will never select as investment objective in selected asset space.


A decision making on minimum energy content and minimum GHG emissions among different commodities is required to be made under a full energy chain terms. The total energy content and total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factor evaluated from the energy Input-Output Analysis (IOA) approach would be useful to fill the gap of limitation on boundary as normally found in the Process Chain Analysis (PCA) approach. This study presents factors of the total values of embedded energy and embedded greenhouse gas (GHG) that required and emitted from utilization of any commodities produced by 180 Thai economic sectors. The argument on disadvantage of outdated IOA data was improved by updating sectoral energy consumption elements in the power sector which is found significant to all other sectors in the economy. The most up-to-date data, i.e. the 2000 Input-Output (I-O) table was used to represent the economic structure, and the 1998 sectoral energy consumption was used to represent individual energy consumption. Thai electric power report was referred for updating the 1998 fuel mix in the power sector to represent the 2000 and the 2005 ones. Influence of fuel mix change in the power sector is found significant to the total energy content and total GHG emission factors. The total energy content and the GHG emission factors under the 2005 electricity-fuel mix are presented.


The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the launch in 2022 of the Sakhalin experiment - a pilot project in the field of the carbon units market in Russia. The purpose of the article is to analyze the market of carbon units as an effective economic mechanism for the development of bioeconomy in the world and in Russia. The material for the work was the legislation in the field of the Sakhalin experiment, statistical data, as well as current publications by Russian and foreign authors on the topic of carbon markets. The authors used statistical analysis, as well as general economic and special methods of scientific research. As a result of the study, the mechanisms for the formation of the market for carbon units were studied, and the market for carbon units itself was analyzed as an economic and legal tool for the development of bioeconomic systems on a national and international scale. The analysis of statistical information showed that the carbon market almost doubled from 2018 to 2020, as well as its extremely uneven distribution among the countries of the world: 88% of the carbon market falls on the EU countries and 10% on the USA, the role of other countries is insignificant. In Russia, the carbon market was launched in an experimental form on Sakhalin only in September 2022, but the first results of the experiment can only be assessed in 2024, when the first quotas start working. In 2025, it is planned to achieve carbon neutrality in the Sakhalin Region.


AuxPd(300-x) nanoalloys were prepared using a dendrimertemplating method and their electrocatalytic efficiencies towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were analyzed in alkaline media. The composition-dependent PdOx reduction potentials of the AuxPd(300-x) nanoalloys were correlated to the oxygen-binding (O-binding) energy of the catalysts. Multiple PdOx reduction peaks were present for the Au150Pd150 and Au50Pd250 catalysts. These peaks were assigned to the alloyed and bulk-like Pd active sites on the alloyed surface. The results described here are significant because modulation of the Obinding energies improved the ORR activity on the nanoalloys. Specifically, a linear trend in O-binding energies of AuxPd(300-x) dendrimers (DENs) as a function of Pd composition resulted in a volcano-shaped trend in ORR activity. The optimal O-binding energy of Au50Pd250 resulted in an approximate 89 mV shift in PdOx reduction relative to Pd300 and a shift of approximately 76 mV in ORR peak potential.


Diagnosis pipe leakage timely and accurately is of great significance for safe and economic operation for boilers. According to the characteristics of the failure of boiler, this paper gives new function to describe fault symptoms and puts forward a new method of fault fuzzy recognition. Through simulation experiment, the new method was validated and compared with the existing fault diagnosis methods. The simulation results show that the new method for boiler failure recognition has high accuracy, and is better than other methods.


In Ireland, the right to silence has been significantly impacted by the legislative introduction of adverse inference provisions. In specified circumstances, with varying threshold requirements, a suspect's failure to answer questions or provide information during Garda (police) questioning can form the basis of an inference against them at trial. Ireland has not opted in to either Directive 2016/343/EU on the strengthening of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence or Directive 2013/48/EU on the right of access to a lawyer in criminal proceedings. This article examines the constitutional and common law context of the protection of the right to silence in Ireland; the operation, and expansion, of the statutory inference regime; the lack of legislative provision for a right to legal assistance during Garda interview; and relevant European Court of Human Rights jurisprudence. While there are some benefits to overt legislation and safeguards attached to the drawing of inferences from pre-trial silence, the question must be asked whether a detained suspect in Ireland truly has a protected right to silence in real terms, given the proliferation of inference provisions.


Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are classified by the expression of specific transcription factors: ILC1 depending on T‐bet for IFN‐γ production; ILC2 depending on GATA3 for IL‐5 and IL‐13; and ILC3 depending on ROR‐γτ and AHR for IL‐17 and IL‐22. This study aimed to determine circulating ILCs in 23 patients with localized (LCL) = 7, mucocutaneous (MCL) = 10, intermediate (ICL) = 3 and diffuse (DCL) = 3 cutaneous leishmaniasis and 17 healthy controls from endemic area (EC) = 9 and non‐endemic area (HC) = 8. Results evidenced a higher proportion of ILC1 in LCL than controls and MCL. ILC2 was higher in DCL compared with controls. ILC3 s were abundant in MCL and DCL concerning controls. A prevalence ratio was calculated to approach cell plasticity: in LCL, the ratio showed a prevalence of ILC1/ILC3 (plasticity 1), in contrast to DCL, and controls, where ILC2/ILC3 (plasticity 3) is prevalent. Also, MCL and ICL showed higher ILC1/ILC2 (plasticity 2). These results suggest that ILC1 and ILC3 in LCL are associated with disease control and regulation of inflammation, while MCL and ICL are related to immunopathology and uncontrolled inflammation. In DCL, ILC2 is associated with the tolerogenic state of these patients.


A classified method for the inhabited sites threatened by avalanches and served by a route secured from avalanches was developed in France from 2001 to 2004. Between 2005 and 2010, classification data were collected from all the 1431 sites. This work was finalized in 2011. The risk score is established with a mix of data labeled for vulnerability and hazard (morphology, history and snowclimatology). Almost all sites, except 4%, have a site photo recorded in the database. We must now pay more attention to the sites highlighted as being the most sensitive ones. The observed sensitivity is high for 21% of the sites, doubtful for 24% and low for 55% of them. All the sites classified in the High or Doubtful categories are now saved with the permanent investigation data for avalanches. When it does not exist yet, a mapping of the danger should be established on the strong or doubtful sites (110 cases). If this mapping does exist, and when it is updated, special attention must be paid. All these results are available on the internet at www.avalanches.fr (in French), with a 2-page presentation for each site, and a few MS-Excel files.


Abstract: Phenanthridines are a privileged heterocyclic compound that exists in many natural products and has been known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties. In the last few decades, an incredible development has taken place to synthesise this scaffold. In this regard, 2‐isocyanobiphenyl has become one of the most exploited substrates that allow the direct formation of phenanthridine derivatives under various novel and conventional methods. The present review provides an overview of synthetic approaches for the preparation of phenanthridine and their derivatives form 2‐isocyanobiphenyl.


Nonideal frequency problems can occur in a wireless power transfer system due to multiple soft-switching frequencies and frequency bifurcation. To make the system work at an ideal frequency with high-power transfer capability and efficiency, a method based on waveform identification is proposed. First, the space state model of a SP type WPT system is built, and the waveforms at ideal and nonideal working frequencies are obtained based on the stroboscopic mapping theory. Second, according to the characteristics of these waveforms, the swing door algorithm is improved by waveform distortion rate and fast Fourier transformation, which is used to recognize nonideal waveforms. Then, a control strategy based on "online self-determined optimization" is proposed to deal with the problem. Finally, the results of simulation and experiments show that the method proposed in this paper can identify the waveforms at nonideal frequency and find an ideal working frequency for the WPT system.


China's aid to Africa shows obvious periodic characteristics,which not only reflects the character of different times,but also embodies China's probing into the development issue.China's aid to Africa can be divided into four stages,during which China has always insisted upon the principles of equality and mutual benefit.Most important of all,the spirit of reform and innovation has been key elements which keeps China' s aid to Africa competitive.


Objective To observe the complication rate and mortality differences for curative effect of the stroke unit through comparison between stroke unit and general ward management model in treating acute cerebrovascular disease.Methods according to the stroke unit pattern for treating 180 patients with acute stroke in our department between 2009 and 2010.The control group were from stroke patients in general wards before 2009 and compared the incidence of complications and mortality between two groups of patients in January.Results The complication rate of stroke unit was significantly lower than the control group(P0.01),mortality was lower than that of control group(P0.05).Conclusions Management pattern of stroke unit reduces the mortality and incidence of complications of acute cerebrovascular disease,so it will improve the survival rate of patients with stroke and quality of life,Therefore,in our country to promote stroke unit management model is significant.


Porous metallic materials with unique excellent structures and properties can be utilized as new functional and structural materials,which indicats that the porous metallic materials have a widely promising application in many fields.The various popular manufacturing methods and the main properties of the porous metallic materials,in the present paper,were summarized.


As an information-oriented era arrives, an environmental change of Internet marketing is going with high speed and such open door around the countries is providing worldwide companies with a new business opportunity. Now, Internet is a new communication tool for global network and is emerging as a new e-commerce market. Also, this trend is having an effect upon online site that sell crafts. Hence, this study aims to select artshop, which simultaneously operate off line and online while sell crafts, to research the present status, and analyze the problems to suggest the activation plans for effective Internet commerce. Accordingly, this study suggested six models for the settlement of these problem s and the activation plans as following: offer of the various works and the contents, security of price competition, reinforcement of marketing, establishment of brand recognition, management of customers and settlement of payment ways etc. The commerce of crafts in the artshop is only early stage today, but it is expected to grow into an universal connection way of information and buying which transcend space and to be briskly used for securing the competition of crafts in 21century.