Electrical discharges can be severe, destructive and disabling injuries, leading to extensive skin and soft tissues damages, as well as infrequently, but overlooked various osteoarticular lesions, such as long bone fractures, spine fractures, joint dislocations, very deep burns, osteonecrosis and heterotopic ossification of soft tissues. Therefore, all practitioners involved in the management of the electrocuted patients need to be informed and to take account of the possibility of skeletal injuries: plastic surgeon, general surgeon, orthopedic surgeon, emergency physician and general practitioner. Fractures and dislocations usually occur after a traumatic event related to electrical injuries, and they can be rarely caused by violent tetanic muscle contractions, as result of electrical current passage. All electrocuted patients presenting suggestive symptoms and signs such as pain, swelling, bone tenderness, and functional impairment should be examined carefully and in detail, both clinically and by imaging studies. The early recognition, the confirmation by imaging studies and the prompt orthopedic treatment ensure a favorable outcome and remove the harmful possible complications.


From its first ignorant description as a plain dark spot two centuries ago, the cell nucleus has emerged as the central hub which stores and processes information to coordinate the cell's activities. Ensuring proper functionality, the nucleus is meticulously organized with chromatin as well as proteins occupying distinct but interacting subcompartments. Though organized, the nuclear interior is far from static; all nuclear components demonstrate distinct kinetic behaviour and different levels of mobility, which are crucial for the regulation and coordination of nuclear processes and guarantee flexibility in varying environmental conditions. Disturbance of the spatiotemporal organisation of the nucleus is correlated with aging and disease. This is exemplified by a variety of interrelated nuclear components (Ch. 1). Telomeres, the end structures of mammalian chromosomes, are known to gradually erode with (cellular and organism) age. Proper telomere maintenance is crucial for successful aging as accelerated shortening is observed in premature aging diseases and tumour cells display telomere stabilization or even telomere lengthening. Impaired telomere function leads to nuclear reorganisation, characterized by telomere fusions and consequent genome instability. Defects in architectural components such as the lamina, which delineates the nuclear boundary, elicit a spectrum of diseases, referred to as laminopathies, characterized by dramatic nuclear deformations and reorganisations. Some laminopathies, such as Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome, lead to premature aging as well and demonstrate accelerated telomere shortening and increased DNA damage. Accumulation of irreparable DNA damage is in turn suspected to contribute to the aging phenotype but also to instigate genome instability. Given the dual role of many of these nuclear processes, it appears that the cell walks a thin line between death and immortality.
Understanding this complexity requires sensitive tools that allow for studying nuclear organisation within a natural context. Microscopy has the adequate spatiotemporal resolution to visualize intracellular behaviour. However, current microscopic methods are limited in their possibility of extracting quantitative information and microscopic images are often manually evaluated, which is inevitably prone to variability and subjectivity. The aim of this work was to establish robust methods for objective and quantitative analysis of nuclear organisation and dynamics within the single cell. The act of measuring cellular properties is also referred to as cytometry. In order to provide insights in the nuclear microenvironment we have addressed single- cell analysis from two converging perspectives – in a top-down fashion by means of high content cytometry and bottom-up by 4-dimensional live cell imaging methods.
To quantify subcellular characteristics in a population of cells with regard for the stochasticity of events in a natural context, we devised a general approach for multivariate phenotypic profiling of individual cell nuclei and quantification of subnuclear foci using automated fluorescence mosaic microscopy, optimized digital image processing tools and supervised classification feedback (Ch. 2). The HCS approach has a broad application radius and was used inter alia to asses DNA damage in the framework of a space experiment (Ch. 3) as well as to model nuclear shape in cells from patients suffering from laminopathies (Ch. 6).
Given the importance of the temporal aspect in nuclear organisation we diverted to live-cell imaging. We focused on telomeres because of their pivotal role in aging and genome stability. To visualize telomeres in living cells we created cell lines stably producing fluorescent telomere-binding fusion proteins. In order to obtain a quantitative signature of the spatiotemporal organisation within the nuclear volume we elaborated an image analysis toolbox that allows for documenting 3- dimensional telomere characteristics and accurately tracking telomeric spots through time (Ch. 4). As we progressed we bumped into another limitation of current imaging systems, which is the limited possibility of observing cells for a long time. This is due to the difficulty of keeping cells alive on the microscope stage and the loss of fluorescent signal or bleaching; both caused by excessive exposure to light. Therefore, novel technology of Controlled Light Exposure Microscopy (CLEM) was applied, which enabled highly resolved long term imaging and reduced photobleaching to a negligable phenomenon. Using this setup, we found that telomeres share small territories at specific positions in the nucleus where they dynamically interact. Most telomeres showed limited motion, but some appeared to move transiently in a directed and energy-dependent manner (Ch. 5). Telomere mobility as well as global nuclear dynamcis were found altered in cells bearing lamin mutations. Absence of functional Lamin A/C, resulted in complete spatiotemporal mayhem in the nucleus and revealed a remarkable transient permeability, indicative of a reduced barrier function of the nuclear envelope. We thereby exposed a novel trait that might underlie the disease mechanism in laminopathies (Ch. 6).
In conclusion, studying the cell's constituents in their natural environment by quantitative means will not only generate fundamental knowledge about their function in the cell, but will also provide insights in the molecular defects underlying disease, which in turn is essential for the development of new diagnostic tools or drugs.


The present invention relates to a cleaning liquid composition and, more specifically, to a cleaning liquid composition comprising a transition metal compound represented by chemical formula 1 (see the detailed description of the invention) and a hydrocarbon-based solvent, and a method for cleaning a polymerization apparatus using the same.


Effect of the Round Window Membrane to Inner Ear H. Sasa*, T. Yamashita*, T. Kumazawa* and K. Nagahara** * Department of Otolaryngology, Kansai Medical University ** Department of Otolaryngology , Kyoto National Hospital After the closure of the round window membrane of guinea pig by various adhesive agents, the inner ear function were observed by cochlear microphonics (CM) and action pctential (AP). At the same time, the perilymphatic oxygen tension in scala tympani were measured by polarographic methods. CM and AP were significantly dropped after three weeks of closure and the perilymphatic oxygen tension of closed side dropped about 50% compared with non-closed side. In addition to these chronic experiment, dynamic changes of the perilymphatic oxygen tension were measured after flowing air, pure oxygen and nitrogen. As a result, the perilymphatic oxygen tension significantly increased after flowing pure oxygen, but decreased after flowing nitrogen. We assumed that these results were caused by some disturbance of oxygen transport from the middle ear cavity to perilymphatic space through the round window membrane.


The Perceptions of Twenty-five International Undergraduates with Regard to Their Stay in Selected Massachusetts State Colleges (May 1982) Jennie Mary Celona, A.B., Emmanuel College; A.M. , Middlebury College; Ed.D. , University of Massachusetts, Amherst Directed by: Dr. Jack Hruska This study was designed to gather and analyze the perceptions of twenty-five international undergraduates enrolled in three Massachusetts State Colleges during the Fall Semester of 1981. Using an in-depth interview procedure, the researcher asked a series of questions of twenty-five foreign students at Bridgewater, Framingham and Worcester State Colleges. The twenty-five interviewees were randomly selected from a total population of seventy-three international undergraduates registered at these three colleges during the Fall Semester. The study was divided into four general areas: (1) recruitment, (2) orientation, (3) adaptation and, (4) acculturation. The underlying question in each of these areas was "How?" The Guide to the Interview was prepared by the


The most frequently used method of contraception after coitus consists of taking oral contraceptives (OCs) containing 0.1 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.5 mg of levonorgestrel (LNG) a regimen which is repeated 12 hours later. About 75% of the pregnancies which would have occurred are prevented by the use of this method and about half of the users have nausea and vomiting. In recent years there has been increasing interest in postcoital contraception for the prevention of unwanted pregnancy. The Task Force on Postovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation designated by the World Health Organization published two large randomized studies in 1998 and 1999 respectively dealing with postcoital contraceptive methods. Both studies indicated that every 12 hours of delay increased the odds of pregnancy by almost 50%. Norwegian health authorities have sought prescription-free availability of postcoital contraceptives but the government did not suggest this method in its strategy about unwanted pregnancy. The new regimens using LNG and mifepristone are more effective than the old regimen of combined OCs. Single administration of 0.75 mg of LNG given twice at 12-hour intervals starting within 72 hours after coitus prevented 85% of pregnancies. One dose of 10 mg of mifepristone was also 85% effective provided it was administered within 120 hours after coitus. The new regimens caused nausea in only 20% of users and only a few of them had vomiting.


The combination of different intelligent methods is a very active research area in Artificial Intelligence (AI). The aim is to create integrated or hybrid methods that benefit from each of their components. The 3rd Workshop on Combinations of Intelligent Methods and Applications (CIMA 2012) was intended to become a forum for exchanging experience and ideas among researchers and practitioners who are dealing with combining intelligent methods either based on first principles or in the context of specific applications. CIMA 2012 was held in conjunction with the 22nd European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2012). This volume includes revised versions of the papers presented at CIMA 2012.


Research on the C+/ Channel Plus Product Forming Process on Cold Form Steel, is done because of the mildsteel with the new profile shape of C + (Channal Plus). This project purpose to determine the process of formingprofile C+ by considering the limits and tolerances allowed. Determining the forming process is an attempt madeto produce a Channal plus profile by considering the properties of the material, including the physicalproperties, mechanical properties and the formability of the profile material. An analytical approach is anattempt to avoid defects in products in a particular area from the result of forming. Each forming has a varietyof shapes, dimensions and functions. It takes the forming stages to produce light steel rod products ranging frommild steel raw material (coil) to the desired profile type. The result of the forming process is shown in the formof a flower diagram and is loaded in a 2 dimensional engineering drawing using Autodesk Inventor software.


Multihadronic e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation events containing final-state leptons have been investigated with a 4.7-pb/sup -1/ data sample at c.m. energies of 50 and 52 GeV. The number of low-thrust events (Tless than or equal to0.8) with isolated leptons is consistent with the expectation of the standard model with five quark flavors. Limits on the production of new quarks and leptons are reported.


The paper discusses possibilities of rearranging test decompress or internal structure and linking its outputs with the parallel scan chain inputs in order to obtain better compression efficiency while the hardware overhead is not increased. We have experimentally verified that the controllability of decompress or outputs can be used as a simple and easily computable measure of the decompress or efficiency. Based on this observation we have developed a procedure that chooses a sub optimal LFSR outputs and parallel scan chain inputs interconnection. The procedure proposes a permutation of the scan chain inputs so that the scan chains that are fed with patterns with higher number of care bits are linked with the highly controllable decompress or outputs. We have experimentally verified on the benchmark circuits that adopting the proposed strategy improves the compression efficiency.


Based on triangle metering distance principle of infrared detectors and photoelectric sensor technology,a new type of intelligent blind-guiding stick is designed.The core of the device is the Arduino singlechip,with three infrared detectors detecting the obstacle distance data from different directions,which is read,operated and optimized by the singlechip.Then,the Arduino singlechip control buzzer prompts and MP3 voice prompts to tell the blind walker the correct direction.Due to the timeliness and accuracy of the alarm system,this blind-guiding stick can guide blind walkers to bypass the obstacles and walk safely and quickly.


The invention discloses a concrete pumping capability monitoring method and device. The concrete pumping capability monitoring device comprises sensors, a signal acquisition device, a communication controller and a signal compiling module, wherein a plurality of sensors are arranged on the outer wall of a concrete conveying pump tubes at equal intervals and are respectively connected with the input ends of the signal acquisition device through leads; the output end of the signal acquisition device is connected with the input end of the communication controller; the signal compiling module is connected with the output end of the communication controller; the sensors are used for monitoring the deformation of the mounting parts on the outer wall of the concrete conveying pump tube; the signal acquisition device is used for acquiring deformation electric signals detected by the sensors; the communication controller is used for receiving the deformation electric signal of the signal acquisition device; the signal compiling module is used for converting, recording and processing the deformation electric signal into deformation visible data. The method and the device are convenient to operate, and rapid, convenient and accurate in testing on high-level far-distance concrete pumping.


Introduction
There are two main laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (LSPDP) methods. One is the Kimura method that preserves both spleen artery and vein, which has advantage in sustained splenic perfusion but has technical difficulties. Another is the Warshaw method which sacrificed splenic vessels and has significant risks of splenic infarction or gastric varix. Herein, we introduce a modification of LSPDP that preserves splenic arteries at the expense of the splenic vein.

Methods
From 2010 to 2019, patients who planned for LSPDP due to tumors in the body or tail of the pancreas were enrolled. We first used the Kimura method (group K), than depending on the extent of splenic vessel sacrifice, we categorized them as either being eligible for Warshaw method (group W) modified Warshaw method (group MW) if we preserved splenic artery and sacrificed only splenic vein. After surgery, we took imaging study every 3 months and then every 6 or 12 months, to assess the presence of gastric varices or splenic infarction.

Results
Eighty-six patients were analyzed (group K, 50; group W, 15; and group MW, 21). The surgery took longer in group K than it did in either group W or group MW. The incidence of splenic infarction was lower in group MW than in group W (p = 0.035). The incidence of gastric varices or splenomegaly was no difference between group MW and group W.

Conclusions
The MW method could serve as one of the LSPDP modalities that improve on the disadvantages of conventional LSPDP techniques.


first performance is just one illustration of their astonishing control. The two performances are of course different from each other: on one occasion I found the second performance rather more fragile and attenuated in the middle of the work than the first one, though I did not feel this was the case on another listen. Either this is an extremely novel type of CD where the performance actually changes each time it is played, or my personal journey through each performance was different each time I listened. Perhaps this is because the music facilitates deep reflection and provides a space for the listener to bring something of themselves to the music?Whatever your own journey through this fascinating recording will be, prepare for an immersive and time-altering experience.


For the existed car-following models for microscopic traffic flow simulation, most of them were developed on the basis of the sensible understanding to traffic phenomena, some of them have made statistical analysis of the field data, but have not come down to the question of the choice of input variables. In this paper, the nonlinear statistical method of factor analysis is used to extract the useful information from the representative field data to seek the basic structure of the car-following model and the inner variable with higher information capacity for car-following process.


THERE is an enigma about Unigenitus, the ill-fated bull issued by Pope Clement XI (1713) against the resurgence of Jansenism. If the Jansenist movement in general has continued to attract scholars, whose recent contributions are changing perspectives, the constitution that condemned 101 "Jansenist propositions" extracted from the Réflexions morales was until recently left scrupulously untouched. It seemed taken for granted as an inevitable pivot—either a terminus ad quern, the logical conclusion of a century of theological and political disputes, or a terminus a quo, the origin of a movement of rebellion that eventually developed into a revolution. In other words, it was considered more a catalyst or an excuse for a latent social and political conflict than its real cause; hence the interest manifested in its prolegomena or later development rather than in the document itself. It was the document itself, however, the solemn exercise of the papal magisterium, that stimulated what was then perceived as the major crisis in Catholic history. The animosities, the political schemes, and the negotiations which accompanied its preparation, the uproar, the renewed negotiations, and the conflicts which followed its publication, suggest that there was more to this document than a collection of 101 condemned extracts from a spiritual book. But what was Unigenitus all about? In what appears to be a healthy reaction to a quasi-exclusive emphasis on the social and political elements of the conflicts surrounding the bull, major scholars of Jansenism have lately advocated an approach that


This paper introduces the techonology of firewall and attack detecting , analyses the means of ensuring information security from the view of defensing and detecting.


This paper presents the characterization of MIM feedstock consisting 90wt% of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) powder mix with binder 60wt% palm stearin and 40wt% polyethylene. The characterization of Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder, binders and feedstock includes scanning electron micrograph (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DCS) and rheological test were established.
Rheological results exhibited pseudoplastic or shear thinning flow behaviour, where its viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate. The feedstock viscosity also
decreased with increasing temperature and was found to be suitable for moulding


Objective: to quickly and efficiently test the content of protein contained in milk. Methods: EDTA-2Na in the copper sulfate,according to a certain standard,glycine and hyperchromic agent mixture,dip test paper,test paper can be further rapid detection of milk protein. Results the milk dripped on the detection paper color and color contrast ratio can be determined the contents of protein,according to testing data can judge the quality of milk. Conclusion the detection concentration range is 0% ~ 3. 5%,convenient and quick,easy operation,high accuracy,it appears,is just to make up for the gap,with the development and application prospect in the market value of the good.


4 speciments of Trogrodytes troglodytes penicelae (Clark) were obtained at Eboshi Is. west of Kiushu (3 specimens, new locality) and Umashima Is., Shimane Prefecture (1 specimen). This suggests that the race winters in Kiushiu and/or western Honshiu. 2 specimens of Phylloscopus borealis (kennicottii (Baird)?) were obtained atTakeshima Is. in Japan Sea.


What does it mean to 'do' economic anthropology, now, in the wake of the financial crisis and the re-energizing of public discussion over the nature of debt, credit, speculation, and inequality? Two recent books offer signal insights. This essay suggests they also point towards a specific kind of lingering that may be politically and analytically useful: an occupation of a uniquely anthropological kind. © Royal Anthropological Institute 2012.


This article surveys recent research in the area of language modeling (sometimes called statistical language modeling) approaches to information retrieval. Language modeling is a formal probabilistic retrieval framework with roots in speech recognition and natural language processing. The underlying assumption of language modeling is that human language generation is a random process; the goal is to model that process via a generative statistical model. In this article, we discuss current research in the application of language modeling to information retrieval, the role of semantics in the language modeling framework, cluster-based language models, use of language modeling for XML retrieval and future trends.


This research aim to know (1) Influence Of Economic Value Added ( EVA) to Price Share; (2) Influence Of Market Value Added (MVA) to Price Share; ( 3) Influence of Ratio Activity to Price Share; and ( 4) Influence Of Economic Value Added ( EVA), Market Value Added ( MVA) and Ratio Activity by simultan to Price Share. Type Research which is used in this research is quantitative research, population which is used in research is industry of Food And Beverage which enlist in BEI at period 2010-2012. Sampel which is used in this research is some of industry of food beverage and which enlist in BEI at period 2010-2012 by using method of purposive sampling. Result of from this research indicate that (1) Economic Value Added (X1) have an effect on positive and signifikan to share price with value of t calculate equal to 2,026 storey;level of signifikan 0,049<0,05. (2) Market Value Added (X2) have an effect on positive and signifikan to share price with value of t calculate equal to 2,251 storey;level of signifikan 0,033<0,05, (3) Ratio Activit (X3) have an effect on positive and signifikan to share price with value of t calculate equal to 3,761 storey;level of signifikan 0,008<0,05, and (4) By simultan variable of Economic Value Added (X1), Market Value Added (X2) and Ratio Activity (X3) have an effect on positive and signifikan to share price with value of Fhitung equal to 2,621 storey;level of signifikan 0,043<0,05. Value of R square 0,151 indicating that third influence of the variable to share price is small.   Keyword: Economic Value Added (EVA), Market Value Added (MVA), Ratio Activity And Price Share


While histories of Russian science address a number of great variety of period, a range of disciplines, and even specific cities, almost no history of Central Asian (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) science exists for any period after the medieval. To the extent that a modest number of works do exist, these operate at the level of only one republic or treat Central Asia in passing. It is the omission in English of even a basic overview of 20th century scientific development in Central Asia that this article seeks to correct. A history of Central Asian Soviet science is needed not just to fill a vacuum, but because science was a tangible, important, and influential social phenomenon during the Soviet period. Although the following issues are beyond the scope of this introductory survey, a history of Central Asian science is important to a fuller appreciation of inter alia, the underlying organizational logic of Soviet development, inter-republic competition, nationalities policies, educational systems, supra-national identities and networks, and post-Soviet emigration patterns.


In merger policy it is still an open question how the negative effects of mergers on innovation should be assessed. In this empirical study all mergers that were challenged by the U.S. antitrust agencies FTC and DOJ between 1995 and 2008 were analyzed in regard to the question to what extent and how the agencies assessed the innovation effects of mergers. The study also contributes to the discussion about differences and convergence in the merger assessments of the two agencies FTC and DOJ. Our results show (1) that in one third of all challenged mergers also innovation concerns have been raised (with no significant differences between the agencies). (2) Despite the wide-spread rejection of the "innovation market approach" in the antitrust debate the agencies used more often an innovation-specific assessment approach that includes also innovation in the market definition than the traditional product market concept. (3) Overall, we found both significant similarities and differences as well as some convergence over time in regard to the specifics of the assessment of innovation effects of mergers between both agencies.


Significance Understanding the distributions of infectious diseases is a central public and global health objective. We show that human infectious diseases exhibit striking biogeographic grouping patterns at a global scale, reminiscent of "Wallacean" zoogeographic patterns. This result is surprising, given the global distribution and unprecedented connectivity of humans as hosts and the homogenizing forces of globalization; despite these factors, infectious disease assemblages remain fundamentally constrained in their distributions by ecological barriers to dispersal or establishment. Biogeographic processes thus appear to provide an overarching context in which other factors promoting infectious disease emergence and spread are set. We use outbreaks of Ebola virus to illustrate how such patterns could be leveraged to provide a "head start" or added focus for risk management activities. The distributions of most infectious agents causing disease in humans are poorly resolved or unknown. However, poorly known and unknown agents contribute to the global burden of disease and will underlie many future disease risks. Existing patterns of infectious disease co-occurrence could thus play a critical role in resolving or anticipating current and future disease threats. We analyzed the global occurrence patterns of 187 human infectious diseases across 225 countries and seven epidemiological classes (human-specific, zoonotic, vector-borne, non–vector-borne, bacterial, viral, and parasitic) to show that human infectious diseases exhibit distinct spatial grouping patterns at a global scale. We demonstrate, using outbreaks of Ebola virus as a test case, that this spatial structuring provides an untapped source of prior information that could be used to tighten the focus of a range of health-related research and management activities at early stages or in data-poor settings, including disease surveillance, outbreak responses, or optimizing pathogen discovery. In examining the correlates of these spatial patterns, among a range of geographic, epidemiological, environmental, and social factors, mammalian biodiversity was the strongest predictor of infectious disease co-occurrence overall and for six of the seven disease classes examined, giving rise to a striking congruence between global pathogeographic and "Wallacean" zoogeographic patterns. This clear biogeographic signal suggests that infectious disease assemblages remain fundamentally constrained in their distributions by ecological barriers to dispersal or establishment, despite the homogenizing forces of globalization. Pathogeography thus provides an overarching context in which other factors promoting infectious disease emergence and spread are set.


The European gliding movement numbers approximately 80,000 pilots flying 22,000 gliders. Gliding is a well-structured sporting activity which is organised primarily in clubs. At the national level, clubs are grouped into gliding federations, associations or gliding sections of National Aero Clubs, generally referred to as National Gliding Bodies (NGB). In Europe, these NGBs are represented, with regard to regulatory matters, by the European Gliding Union (EGU), which counts 19 members.


The FT-IR and FT Raman spectra of 2,4-dihydroxy-3-nitropyridine (DHNP) molecule have been recorded in the region 4000-400cm -1 and 3500-50cm -1 respectively. Optimized geometrical parameters, harmonic vibrational frequencies and depolarization ratio have been computed by HF and density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method and basis sets. The observed FT-IR and FT-Raman vibrational frequencies are analysed and compared with theoretically predicted vibrational frequencies. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies shows that charge transfer occur within molecule. Unambiguous vibrational assignments of all the fundamentals was made using the total energy distribution (TED). © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Vib. Spec. 87 (2015) 35674-35681 Vibrational Spectroscopy Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) N.K.Kandasamy et al./ Elixir Vib. Spec. 87 (2015) 35674-35681 35675 Table 1. Optimized Geometrical Parameters of 2-4-Dihydroxy-3-Nitropyridine Obtained By Hf And B3lyp Methods with 6-311++G(D,P) Basis Set Bond Length Value (Å) Bond Angle Value (°) Dihedral Angle Value (°) HF/ 6311++G(d,p) B3LYP/ 6-311++G(d,p) HF/ 6-311++G(d,p) B3LYP/ 6-311++G(d,p) HF/ 6-311++G(d,p) B3LYP/ 6-311++G(d,p) N1-C2 1.3044 1.3212 N1-C2-C3 121.836 121.955 C6-N1C2-C3 0.0066 0.003 C2-C3 1.427 1.4371 C2-C3-C4 118.524 118.623 C6-N1C2-O7 180.0027 -179.997 C3-C4 1.4131 1.4263 C3-C4-C5 117.671 117.539 C2-N1C6-C5 -0.0038 -0.0066 C4-C5 1.3887 1.3946 C4-C5-C6 118.094 118.473 C2-N1C6-H15 179.9973 179.9997 C5-C6 1.3712 1.384 C5-C6-N1 125.272 125.194 N1-C2C3-C4 -0.0022 0.0081 C6-N1 1.3231 1.3371 C6-N1-C2 118.602 118.2146 N1-C2C3-N9 -179.996 179.9851 C2-O7 1.3082 1.3262 N1-C2-O7 114.864 118.2146 N7-C2C3-C4 -179.998 -179.992 O7-H8 0.9469 0.9805 C2-O7-H8 111.481 115.6523 N7-C2C3-O9 0.0085 -0.0149 C3-N9 1.4322 1.4269 C3-C2-O7 123.300 122.392 N1-C2O7-H8 179.9251 179.9548 C4-O12 1.3101 1.328 C2-C3-O9 121.133 121.117 C3-C2N7-H8 -0.0789 -0.0452 O12H13 0.9484 0.9825 C4-C3-N9 120.343 120.259 C2-C3C4-C5 -0.0051 -0.0157 C5-H14 1.0716 1.0813 C3-C4-O12 125.217 123.977 C2-C3C4-O12 -180.007 179.9856 C6-H15 1.0762 1.0861 C5-C4-O12 117.112 118.483 N9-C3C4-C5 179.9885 -179.993 N9-O10 1.1972 1.2429 C4-O12H13 111.289 108.060 N9-C3C4-O12 -0.0133 0.0084 N9-O11 1.1945 1.2394 C4-C5-H14 119.4476 119.372 C2-C3N9-O10 179.9767 179.9829 C6-C5-H14 122.4581 122.155 C2-C3N9-O11 -0.0317 0.0007 C5-C6-H15 119.452 119.522 C4-C3N9-O10 -0.0167 -0.0405 N1-C6H15 115.276 115.284 C4-C3N9-O11 179.975 179.9773 O10-N9O11 122.031 121.007 C3-C4C5-C6 0.0077 0.0126 C3-N9O10 118.666 119.260 C3-C4C5-H14 179.9985 -179.998 C3-N9O11 119.303 119.7332 O12-C4C5-C6 -179.991 -179.989 O12-C4C5-H14 0.0001 0.0011 C3-C4O12-H13 -0.0174 0.0151 C5-C4O12-H13 179.9808 -179.984 C4-C5C6-N1 -0.0036 -0.0016 C4-C5C6-H15 179.9952 179.9919 H14-C5C6-N1 -179.994 -179.991 H14-C5C6-H15 0.0048 0.0026 For numbering of atoms refer Fig.1 N.K.Kandasamy et al./ Elixir Vib. Spec. 87 (2015) 35674-35681 35676 Scaling of the force field was performed according to the SQM procedure using selective scaling in the natural internal coordinate representation. Transformation of the force field and the subsequent normal coordinate analysis (NCA) including the least squares refinement of the scaling factors, and calculation of total energy distribution (TED) were done on a PC with the MOLVIB program (version 7.0-G77) written by Sundius [2627]. The Raman activities (Si) calculated with the GAUSSIAN 09W program are subsequently converted to relative Raman intensities (Ii) using the following relationship derived from the basic theory of Raman scattering [28-30].


Means for firmly adhering connection of dental ceramics (4) with metal surfaces (1) containing 3.0 to 6.0 wt% of sodium, 1.5 to 8.0 wt% aluminum, 6.0 to 20.0 weight% silicon, 3, 0 to 6.0 wt% of potassium in the form of oxide-forming compounds, at least one refractory metal in an effective amount in the molten state in the ionized form and residual oxygen, wherein the refractory metal is selected from tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, tantalum, niobium and mixtures thereof, wherein the proportions by weight are the mean content of the element and in each case based on the solids content, and optionally a liquid binder.


The Brownian dynamics simulation technique is used to calculate exact rheological properties of the Hookean‐dumbbell model with hydrodynamic interaction. The simulation results for steady shear flow are compared to the corresponding predictions of the preaveraging approximation, the consistent‐averaging approximation, and the Gaussian approximation developed in the preceding article. Our calculations of the viscometric functions of the Hookean‐dumbbell model are performed for various hydrodynamic‐interaction tensors.


Extending the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with three right-handed neutrino superfields is one of the best motivated scenarios for physics beyond the Standard Model. However, very little is known from observations about the high energy parameters of this model. In this paper we show, under the plausible assumptions that the neutrino Yukawa eigenvalues are hierarchical and the absence of cancellations, that there exists an upper bound on the smallest Yukawa eigenvalue stemming from the non-observation of the rare lepton decay μ→eγ. Furthermore, we show that this bound implies an upper bound on the lightest right-handed neutrino mass of approximately 5 × 1012 GeV for typical supersymmetric parameters. We also discuss the implications of this upper bound for the minimal leptogenesis scenario based on the decay of the lightest right-handed neutrino and we argue that an improvement of sensitivity of six orders of magnitude to the process μ→eγ could rule out this mechanism as the origin of the observed baryon asymmetry, unless the neutrino parameters take very specific values.


The present paper is devoted to studying of minimal parametric fillings of finite metric spaces (a version of optimal connection problem) by methods of Linear Programming. The estimate on the multiplicity of multi-tours appearing in the formula of weight of minimal fillings is improved, an alternative proof of this formula is obtained, and also explicit formulas for finite spaces consisting of 5 and 6 points are derived.


Am I my Brother's Keeper?: The Ethical Frontiers of Biomedicine, Arthur L. Caplan (Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, 1998), 256 pages, $24.95. Health Care Ethics: Critical Issues for the 21st Century, John F. Monagle & David C. Thomasma, Eds. (Aspen Publishers, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, 1998), 614 pages, $65.


The use of humor in the classroom describes a various group of techniques at all levels of education. These techniques range from self-deprecating humor to the use of Jon Stewart's satirical American Politics textbook. Instructors at all levels of education can and do use humor in the classroom but most of the literature focuses on high school and university learning with little discussion of junior high education. The use of humor in the classroom is generally accepted in the literature to have positive effects on learning.


Abstract Criteria for local uniform rotundity and midpoint local uniform rotundity in Orlicz-Lorentz spaces with the Luxemburg norm are given. Strict K-monotonicity and Kadec-Klee property are also discussed.


Purpose: To compare maintaining corneal asphericity and high-order aberration changes in optimized PRK for myopic astigmatism patients, using Allegretto EX500 (WaveLight Allegretto Wave Eye-Q laser devices; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) and Technolas Teneo 317 (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY). Methods: The patients with myopic astigmatism, whose range of myopic was between 1 and 8 diopters, and maximum astigmatism of 2.5 diopters, were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and, then, randomly operated with one of the Allegretto EX500 and Technolas Teneo 317 devices. Before the operation, a complete visual examination (visual acuity, refraction, Slit lamp, and Fundoscopy) and imaging including orbscan, zywave, and topolyzer were performed. The examinations were repeated 6 months after surgery. The results were compared before surgery and between the two devices. Results: This clinical trial study was performed on 97 eyes of 49 patients with mean age of 28±5 years. Six months after surgery, visual acuity with the best correction was similar between the two groups (P=0.152). The mean spherical equivalent before surgery was -3.43±1.29 and -2.91±1.29 (P=0.047) and 6 months after surgery, -0.14± 0.19 and -0.08±0.23 (P=0.173) in the Allegretto and Teneo groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups before and after the surgery (P>0.05) between the third and fourth order corneal aberrations. The ocular higher order aberration increased from 0.3±0.1 and 0.31±0.12 (P=0.639) to 0.43±0.2 and 0.180±.42, (P=0.828) in the Allegretto and Teneo, respectively. Corneal asphericity was at 30° before operation 0.3±0.12 and -0.38±0.51 (P=0.25) and after operation, 0.28±0.26 and 0.28±0.25 (P=0.858) in the Allegretto and Teneo groups. This increase was higher per a diopter of spherical equivalent in Teneo group (P= 0.628). Conclusion: The results of the treatment of the two Allegretto and Teneo devices were the same in correction of myopic astigmatism, although the Allegretto device induces less changes in asphericity, and the Teneo device induces less higher-order aberrations.


Same‐day antiretroviral therapy (SDART) initiation has been implemented at the Thai Red Cross Anonymous Clinic (TRCAC) in Bangkok, Thailand, since 2017. HIV‐positive, antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve clients who are willing and clinically eligible start ART on the day of HIV diagnosis. In response to the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak in March 2020, telehealth follow‐up was established to comply with COVID‐19 preventive measures and allow service continuation. Here, we evaluate its implementation.


We establish conditions on the partial moduli of continuity which guar- antee uniform convergence of the N-dimensional Walsh{Fourier series of functions f from the class CW (I N )\ T N=1 BVi;fp(n)g, where p(n)"1 as n!1.


Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, which resembles multiple sclerosis (MS). NMO differs from MS, however, in the distribution and histology of neuroinflammatory lesions and shows a more aggressive clinical course. Moreover, the majority of NMO patients carry immunoglobulin G autoantibodies against aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), an astrocytic water channel. Antibodies against AQP4 can damage astrocytes by complement, but NMO histopathology also shows demyelination, and — importantly—axon injury, which may determine permanent deficits following NMO relapses. The dynamics of astrocyte injury in NMO and the mechanisms by which toxicity spreads to axons are not understood.


Aim To study the effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox LDL) and antioxidant vitamin E (Vit E)on nitric oxide (NO) production and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVEC). Methods The level of NO and NOS activity were measured by NO and NOS kits in hUVEC. Results ox LDL significantly decrease NO production from 126±24 mmol/g to 41±8 mmol/g and the activity of NOS in a dose and time dependent manners in hUVEC. Vit E can markedly increased ox LDL induced NO production and the activity of NOS in hUVEC. Conclusion ox LDL can markedly attenuate the NO synthesis, the possible mechanism of this effect was attributed to the decrease of NOS activity. Vita min E can elevated the production of NO via increasing the NOS activity.


The vehicle traffic accidents have been widely studied in different countries, but the difference of nature of traffic accidents in different countries was not adequately investigated for set suitable protective strategy in different area. This study aimed to identify the occurrence, type and mechanisms of the traumatic injuries of the vulnerable road users (VRUs) in vehicle collisions in China and Germany. The accident data (in the years 2000 to 2005) were collected from traffic police and hospital in Changsha, China as well as from German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) database documented in Medical University Hannover, respectively. An in-depth study was carried out based on the collected data by using approaches of statistics analysis and virtual reconstructions. The results from analysis of Chinese data were compared with results from analysis of German data. The injury severities were determined using Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) code and ISS values. The results were presented in terms of cause of injuries, injury distributions, injury patterns, injury severity. The VRUs accidents were identified as vital issue in urban traffic safety and therefore a high priority should be given to this road user group in research of safe urban transportation. It was discussed with regard to accident data collection, accident sampling and injury distributions, the factors influenced the injury outcomes etc. The data sources reflects the real situations of vulnerable road users in traffic accidents in Changsha and Hannover and may not in the whole countries of China and Germany. This study will contribute to the determination of different nature of vehicle traffic accidents between motorized and motorizing areas, which will form a firm background for making safety counter-measures.


Wireless multi-hop relay networks have become very important technologies in mobile communications. These networks ensure high throughput and coverage extension with a low cost. The poor capacity at cell edges is not enough to meet with growing demand of high capacity and throughput irrespective of user's placement in the cellular network. In this paper we propose optimal placement of relay node that provides maximum achievable rate at users and enhances the throughput and coverage at cell edge region. The proposed scheme is based on the outage probability at users and taken on account the interference between nodes. Numerical analyses along with simulation results indicated there are an improvement in capacity for users at the cell edge is 40% increment from all cell capacity.


The paper is based on thermal kinetic parameters of the technical evaluation of the cluster of indicators,according to the coal-oxygen complex theory. Change regularity of the total heat releases,the heat releases rate and the enthalpy changes in the process of coal spontaneous combustion is analyzed and tested by the paper. The results are as follows:combustion temperature was at 68 ~ 83 ℃,the heat releases rate of coal spontaneous combustion quick increased,role of chemical reactions was not obvious; the enthalpy changes of coal spontaneous combustion increased with reaction temperature,gradually increased from 18 kJ / mol of the initial stage to 300kJ/mol of 80 ℃. The results has provided technical support for the establish of a comprehensive analysis evaluation index system of coal spontaneous combustion ,and has significant practical significance in inhibiting fatal accidents caused by coal spontaneous combustion in the process of mine production.


British discourses on democracy in the EU often emphasise the importance of the House of Commons when it comes to legitimising EU politics. Yet any added value by Parliament in terms of democratic legitimacy in EU politics depends crucially on the public's awareness of its engagement in EU affairs. Parliamentary activities that no one takes note of contribute little to democratic legitimacy. Against this background, PADEMIA member Katrin Auel investigates how the British press cover the House of Commons in EU affairs and shows that while the press pay comparatively much attention to Parliament, they also paint a very biased picture of EU affairs in the Commons.


David McClelland's need theory is a classical need theory in research of personnel capital. The recruitment of high-level talents is the key to the university that is eager to enhance its academic level. Therefore, we must know who have strong needs of academic achievement, create the environment suitable for achieving successes and pay attention to their need for power.


An example is the prediction of pools of the non-structural type in the Ulytau trough, which is located in the eastern part of the Peri-Caspian basin between the Tabekmola, Bir-Kempir, and Burmasay salt domes. Seis mic surveys in 1975 detected many zones of pinchout of Jurassic sediments here. A high-accuracy gravity surveys was made in 1977 along one of the s ismic profiles. All the seismic reflecting horizons are also density interfaces.


In this paper we discuss some mathematical aspects of the horizon wave-function formalism, also known in the literature as horizon quantum mechanics. In particular, first we review the structure of both the global and local formalism for static spherically symmetric sources. Then, we present an extension of the global analysis for rotating black holes and we also point out some technical diffculties that arise while attempting the local analysis for non-spherically symmetric sources.


Purpose Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinuses and nasal passages. Although antibiotics are used to reduce inflammation or to treat an episode of acute rhinosinusitis, their effects on the nasal environment and host response in CRS is unclear. Methods We analyzed the effects of antibiotics on the nasal microbiome and secreted proteome in CRS using multi-omic analysis. Nasal secretions were collected from 29 controls, 30 CRS patients without nasal polyps (NP), and 40 CRS patients with NP. A total of 99 subjects were divided into 2 groups that included subjects who had taken antibiotics 3 months prior to sampling and those who had not. We performed 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analyses and Orbitrap mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses. Spearman correlation was used to assess the correlations between the nasal microbiome and secreted proteome. Results The associations between the nasal microbiome and secreted proteome were noted in subjects who had used antibiotics. Antibiotics could have stronger effects on their associations in patients with CRS with NP than in those without. It remains unknown whether these holistic changes caused by antibiotics are beneficial or harmful to CRS, however, the associations could be differentially affected by disease severity. Conclusion These findings provide new insight into the nasal environment and the host response in CRS.


An open letter to a scientist who failed and a challenge to those who have not yet failed In the magical art of Steganography, there is nothing frivolous, nor contrary to the Gospels and the Catholic faith; nor have we taught superstitious beliefs. Everything is based on natural, lawful and honest principles; the mystery which veils the precepts of this art and the names of the spirits, requires a cultivated reader; to hide the secrets of this art, which could be harmful if made known to wicked men, we avail ourselves of the services of the spirits. The air is innuenced by astral emanations. So one can, naturally and without spiritual help, communicate his thoughts to another man, however large the distance between them. This I have seen done, I did myself and was done by Trithemius: : : In the same way, one can broadcast in the air any image, however far, by means of mirrors: : : The image will be, through large distances, seen by a conscious reader in the lunar disc; this artiice was used by Pythagoras. It's better to have loved and lost than to have liked and tied for second Anonymous Dear Deluded Author, you are proposing to use the fact that Grr obner bases are hard to compute to devise a public key cryptography scheme. We are rmly convinced, instead, that no scheme using Grr obner bases will ever work. The following notes are an attempt to explain why. Let us start by recalling the basic facts related to Grr obner bases (cf. B, BWK]). One has an ideal I kX 1 ; : : : ; X n ] (where k is a eld) and a well-ordering compatible with product on the semigroup T of terms (monic monomials) in kX 1 ; : : : ; X n ]. This ordering allows to represent uniquely each f 2 kX 1 ; : : : ; X n ] as an ordered linear combination of elements of T: f = r X i=1 c i t i c i 2 k n f0g; t i 2 T;t 1 > > t r so to each non-zero element f 2 kX 1 ; : : : ; X n ], we can associate T(f) := t 1 , the maximal term of f; its coeecient c 1 is called the leading coeecient of f …


"Fulfilling the Promise..." is a paper that contributes to the field of early intervention. It describes a population database that includes all authorized and delivered services for children and families enrolled in Part C in Indiana. Indiana's database is used by the state and localities to identify shortfalls in the early intervention system and make needed improvements. Neither the Indiana database nor the paper includes concurrent descriptions of the quality of services or outcomes for children and families. The paper does not describe the accomplishments of the central finance model underlying the IFSP service authorization process. Such accomplishments might be necessary for the reader to understand the Indiana model's tradeoffs between maximizing funding streams for services and the discrepancy between the level of planned and delivered services. Nor is it possible to conclude whether the discrepancy that is observed between authorized and delivered rates of service is intrinsic to components of the Part C law, such as the IFSP process, or the Indiana model. The paper does provide the first comprehensive description of an important policy variable—the amount and type of services authorized and delivered to children and families and their relationship to child, family, and service characteristics. A major accomplishment of the paper and Indiana's data system is that it describes the type and amount of early intervention services provided to all families and children who were enrolled in early intervention in Indiana. Early intervention studies often conduct time-consuming interviews with samples of families and service providers to get a picture of the amount and type of services that may or may not be generalizable to early intervention in the rest of the state. Many resources are spent for the development, piloting, and administration of surveys. The surveys are often completed based on the recall of families and providers. Early intervention providers are often reluctant to spend time completing such surveys because it reduces the amount of time they have for direct service. Few early intervention studies have undertaken more accurate time diary studies because of the high resource costs associated with such work (Barnett & Boyce, 1995), and these are typically for a limited period that may or may not be representative. One reliability check for the Indiana services data is a statement sent to providers and families describing the amount, date, and cost of provided services. Thus, Indiana's data are an improvement over other state data systems in that they describe the full range of type and amount of services for the complete population of children and families served by early intervention in Indiana. In a recently completed 2-year evaluation in Indiana (Goetze, Akers, & Broadhead, 2001; Goetze, Akers, Judd, & Narasimhan, 1999), I gained a more comprehensive picture of Indiana's new service and finance model and its underlying database. States are challenged by federal Part C requirements to use Part C funds last and use other funds, such as Medicaid and the Children's Special Health Care Needs program, before Part C. Indiana's Central Reimbursement Office (CRO) was designed to be more effective in implementing


Stability of on- and off-site vortex solitons with unit charge in a photorefractive optical lattice is analysed. It is shown that both types of vortex solitons are linearly unstable in the high- and low-intensity regimes. In the high-intensity regime, the vortex appears as a familiar ring vortex, and it suffers oscillatory instabilities. In the low-intensity regime, the vortex suffers both oscillatory and Vakhitov–Kolokolov instabilities. However, in the intermediate-intensity regime, both types of vortices could be stable if the lattice intensity is moderate, and the applied DC field is above a certain threshold value. Under the same physical conditions, on-site vortices are more stable than off-site ones. Increasing the DC field stabilizes both types of vortex solitons.


Res extra commercium is a doctrine introduced by Chief Justice Das of the Supreme Court of India in the 1957 case, State of Bombay v. R.M.D. Chamarbaugwala, which has the effect of constricting the scope of fundamental rights by rendering as constitutional outcasts certain purportedly "immoral" or "noxious" activities. It does this by blocking these activities from falling within the purview of the protection of fundamental rights. At the core of this paper are three claims. First, it will be argued that though the court did not expressly spell it out, it was the doctrine of "police powers" (the specific conception of the doctrine advanced by Justice Harlan of the U.S. Supreme Court in Mugler v. Kansas), which lies behind Chief Justice Das's invocation of res extra commercium. Second, it will be argued that Chief Justice Das did not openly invoke the police power doctrine in R.M.D. Chamarbaugwala because larger benches of the Supreme Court had earlier squarely rejected the import of the doctrine from American constitutional law (including one earlier abortive attempt by Chief Justice Das himself) because of the structural differences between the Constitutions of United States and India as a result of which, at the time the decision in R.M.D. Chamarbaugwala was handed down, the jurisprudential climate was positively hostile to the doctrine. Curiously, however, the police power doctrine, now masquerading, as the doctrine of res extra commercium has come to be well ensconced in the constitution law of India virtually unchallenged for over four decades now. The reasons for this anomaly will be explored. Finally, the paper argues why the police power doctrine sought to be imported by Chief Justice Das under the verbal dressing of res extra commercium is incongruous with the scheme of the Indian Constitution.


This paper studies the removal of chemisorbed carboxylates and phosphonates from TiO2‐coated galvanized steel using NaOH(aq). XPS and FTIR data show that NaOH(aq) is effective at desorbing these species and so is an alternative to gas phase processes (eg, plasma cleaning). Tribological investigations show that NaOH(aq)‐treated surfaces show reduced friction and wear, relative to the "as‐received" galvanized steel. This is ascribed to carbonate (present as an impurity in NaOH) that adsorbs to the surface of the substrate during NaOH(aq) immersion. Carbonate removal through sonication in water generates surfaces that show friction similar to "as‐received" galvanized steel. This work is useful in areas (eg, automotive manufacturing), where the effective removal of lubricants following tribological contact is key to subsequent paint adhesion.


In social psychology, poor performance of individuals in teams is usually classified under the heading of 'social loafing.' In economics and administrative sciences, the concepts of 'shirking' and 'free riding' are used to denote poor performance by individuals working in collectivities. Research in all these disciplines tends to stress the propensity of team members to withhold effort. The present article describes how psychology and economics explain the – presumed – withholding of effort by individuals in teams, and discusses the remedies that are suggested. It is argued that the ongoing integration of the two disciplinary lines of reasoning unfortunate, and that a return of social psychology to the position of recognising teamwork as a social activity will be beneficial for both workers and managers.


The doctoral thesis deals with advances of sieve estimators (Grenander [1981]) for spatially dependent data and is structured into three parts. I generalize the linear regression model of Györfi et al. [2002], the nonlinear regression model of Kohler [2008] and the model for density estimation of Devroye and Gyorfi [1985] and Donoho et al. [1996] for strong spatial mixing data. In this context the data can be random variables which are defined on a graph. In Chapter 1 I introduce the basic definitions for random fields. I give a short overview on the essential properties of Markov random fields and treat a general version of the HammersleyClifford-Theorem. Chapter 2 deals with the linear sieve estimator of Györfi et al. [2002] for strong mixing random fields. Based on a set of basis functions {fk : k ∈ N} which satisfies a certain approximation property, I study the consistency and the rates of convergence in L2 of the linear regression estimator. Additionally, I test the developed theory in numerical examples. Here we choose a multidimensional wavelet basis as the sieve. In Chapter 3 I investigate the nonlinear estimator of Kohler [2008] in the context of strong mixing random fields. I prove the consistency and rates of convergence of the hard-thresholding estimator which is derived from functions {f1, . . . , fK} which are orthogonal w.r.t. the empirical measure that is induced by the data. Again, I illustrate the theory in numerical applications. Chapter 4 considers nonparametric density estimators for strong mixing random fields. I study the linear estimator of Devroye and Gyorfi [1985] and derive rates of convergence in L1 and in L2. In particular, I investigate the linear estimator which is based on multidimensional wavelets and which is a generalization of Kerkyacharian and Picard [1992]. Furthermore, I study a multivariate version of the hard-thresholding estimator of Donoho et al. [1996] in the context of dependent data and derive rates of convergence. I visualize the developed theory in simulations.


Objective—Proliferation of smooth muscle cells is implicated in cardiovascular complications. Previously, a urea-based soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor was shown to attenuate smooth muscle cell proliferation. We examined the possibility that urea-based alkanoic acids activate the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor &agr; (PPAR&agr;) and the role of PPAR&agr; in smooth muscle cell proliferation. Methods and Results—Alkanoic acids transactivated PPAR&agr;, induced binding of PPAR&agr; to its response element, and significantly induced the expression of PPAR&agr;-responsive genes, showing their function as PPAR&agr; agonists. Furthermore, the alkanoic acids attenuated platelet-derived growth factor–induced smooth muscle cell proliferation via repression of cyclin D1 expression. Using small interfering RNA to decrease endogenous PPAR&agr; expression, it was determined that PPAR&agr; was partially involved in the cyclin D1 repression. The antiproliferative effects of alkanoic acids may also be attributed to their inhibitory effects on soluble epoxide hydrolase, because epoxyeicosatrienoic acids alone inhibited smooth muscle cell proliferation. Conclusions—These results show that attenuation of smooth muscle cell proliferation by urea-based alkanoic acids is mediated, in part, by the activation of PPAR&agr;. These acids may be useful for designing therapeutics to treat diseases characterized by excessive smooth muscle cell proliferation.


Abstract We investigated the occurrence of the antagonistic interactions between essential elements and heavy metals, in various plant parts (roots, leaves, sprouts and heads), under treated municipal wastewater reuse (TMWW) in Brussels sprouts, and broccoli, and their effect on the elemental composition of plants. The statistical design included two treatments, i.e. (a) TMWW and (b) ordinary natural irrigation water (control), in six replications. Most of the concomitant antagonistic interactions under both TMWW and control occurred in the roots and leaves of Brussels sprouts (23), while in broccoli leaves only 15 such interactions took place under TMWW and control, none of them having occurred in the roots. On the other hand, in the heads of broccoli, only eight interactions were found under the TMWW, in comparison to only three in controls. Also, in Brussels sprouts three concomitant interactions occurred under TMWW in the sprouts, and none in controls.


In a similar manner to humans, fly circadian clock proteins are regulated by multiple phosphorylation sites, which affect a protein's activity or stability. A suicide model for destruction of transcriptional machinery may explain a conserved mechanism that gives the circadian clock a chance to respond to varying cellular influences throughout the circadian day.


Cover crops are of fundamental importance for the sustainability of the no-tillage system, to ensure soil coverage and to provide benefits for the subsequent crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of biomass and the content and accumulation of nutrients by winter cover crops. The experimental design used in the experiment was a randomized complete block with four replications and six treatments: oilseed radish, vetch, black oats, vetch + black oats, vetch + oilseed radish and fallow. Black oat, oilseed radish in single cultivation and black oat + vetch and vetch + oilseed radish intercroppings showed higher dry matter production. Vetch + oilseed radish intercropping demonstrates higher performance regarding cycling of nutrients, with higher accumulations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na and B.


We have used 19.9 million papers over 5 decades and 2.1 million patents to demonstrate that teams increasingly dominate solo authors in the production of knowledge. Research is increasingly done in teams across nearly all fields. Teams typically produce more frequently cited research than individuals do, and this advantage has been increasing over time. Teams now also produce the exceptionally high-impact research, even where that distinction was once the domain of solo authors. These results are detailed for sciences and engineering, social sciences, arts and humanities, and patents, suggesting that the process of knowledge creation has fundamentally changed. A n acclaimed tradition in the history and sociology of science emphasizes the role of the individual genius in scientific discovery (1, 2). This tradition focuses on guiding contributions of solitary authors, such as Newton and Einstein, and can be seen broadly in the tendency to equate great ideas with particular names, such as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Eu-clidean geometry, Nash equilibrium, and Kantian ethics. The role of individual contributions is also celebrated through science's award-granting institutions , like the Nobel Prize Foundation (3). Several studies, however, have explored an apparent shift in science from this individual-based model of scientific advance to a teamwork model. Building on classic work by Zuckerman and Merton, many authors have established a rising propensity for teamwork in samples of research fields, with some studies going back a century (4–7). For example, de Solla Price examined the change in team size in chemistry from 1910 to 1960, forecasting that in 1980 zero percent of the papers would be written by solo authors (8). Recently, Adams et al. established that over time, teamwork had increased across broader sets of fields among elite U.S. research universities (9). Nevertheless, the breadth and depth of this projected shift in manpower remains indefinite, particularly in fields where the size of experiments and capital investments remain small, raising the question as to whether the projected growth in teams is universal or cloistered in specialized fields. A shift toward teams also raises new questions of whether teams produce better science. Teams may bring greater collective knowledge and effort, but they are known to experience social network and coordination losses that make them underperform individuals even in highly complex tasks (10–12), as F. Scott Fitzgerald concisely observed when he stated that " no grand idea was ever born in a conference " (13). From this …


The genus Roseovarius, a member of the ecologically important Roseobacter-clade, is widespread throughout the world. A facultatively anaerobic lithoautotrophic bacterium (strain SHN287T), belonging to the genus Roseovarius, was isolated with molecular hydrogen as an electron donor and nitrate as an electron acceptor from terrestrial mud volcano. Strain SHN287T possessed metabolic features not reported for Roseovarius such as chemolithoautotrophic growth with oxidation of molecular hydrogen or sulfur compounds, anaerobic growth, and denitrification. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics the new isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the name Roseovarius autotrophicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SHN287T ( = KCTC 15916T = VKM B-3404T). Emended description of the genus Roseovarius is provided. Comparison of 46 Roseovarius genomes revealed that (i) full set of genes for the Calvin-Benson cycle is present only in two strains-SHN287T and Roseovarius salinarum; (ii) respiratory H2-uptake [NiFe] hydrogenases are specific for a phylogenetically distinct group, including SHN287T-related strains; (iii) Sox enzymatic complex is encoded in most studied genomes; (iv) denitrification genes are widespread and randomly distributed among the genus. The metabolic characteristics found in R. autotrophicus sp. nov. expand the ecological role of the genus Roseovarius.


IGN-JPL (GIPSY/OASIS) 1993-2001 w/m Spot2/3/4 Topex Minimum INASAN (GIPSY/OASIS) 1999-2001 w Spot2/3/4 Topex Minimum LEGOS-CLS (GINS-DYNAMO) 1993-2001 m/g Spot2/3/4 Topex Loose (1 m) [CSR (UTOPIA) 2002 m Topex Jason prepared but not submitted] for operational use, calculation within a week delay SOD (ZOOM) June 2001 w Spot2/3/4 Topex Loose (1-10m) SSALTO (fixed CNES/MOE orbits) since Jan.2001 w/m Spot2/4 Topex/Jason Non removable


The high order mode (HOM) power losses induced by a particle beam in accelerator components should be taken into account during their design and the choice of HOM couplers. In this work the power losses due to HOMs in the proposed 400.79 MHz radio frequency (rf) cavity designs were evaluated for various energy options (Z, W, H, and tt̄) of the future circular electron-positron collider (FCC-ee). The constraints for the rf cavity design are dictated by the Z machine with the lowest beam energy, but the highest beam current. Still certain beam filling patterns (bunch and train spacings) are not feasible and should be avoided in beam operation. For other energy options the power loss are sufficiently low and can be extracted by conventional HOM couplers.


Compounds of formula (I) are useful as antagonists of TRPM8. Such compounds are useful in treating a number of disorders or conditions that TRPM8-mediated, it may be used to prepare useful drugs and pharmaceutical compositions for treating such disorders and conditions . Examples of such disorders include but are migraine and neuropathic pain, but not limited to. Compounds of formula (I) has a structure in which the definition of the variables are provided herein.


The mechanisms and processes involved in interfacial debonding and fracture of natural fibre reinforced composites (NFRC) have been investigated. The Pullout theory, which depends upon factors such as lateral deformation, Poisson's effect and non-uniformity of fibres, was used to determine the fracture-toughness. It was observed that the total fracture-energy is a contribution from the surface energy, redistribution energy and pull-out energy, while the surface-energy term originates from the creation of three new surface-energy terms (fibre, matrix and fibre-matrix interface). The fracture-mode is complex, as it involves fibre-splitting, decohesion, crackformation and propagation. Using Eshelby's equivalent-inclusion method, the transition-stresses between the three stages of stress-strain curves were predicted. The first stage of the curve is linear and indicates that bonding of matrix-interface is essentially perfect and both phases deform elastically. The second and third stages are non-linear. During the second stage, microcracks are initiated from fibre-ends and extend to the matrix. In the third stage, the microcracks become abundant, interlink or coalesce into macrocracks, which propagate to fracture. The transition from second to third stage occurs when the crack extends further in the matrix and propagates as a Griffith-type crack. The propagation of stress-corrosion cracks in aligned NFRC were also investigated by using the concept of strain-energy release-rate, as primary parameter, to derive values of stress-intensity factor for plane strain.


Medical service quality management is the management of quality to pursue the optimal quality of service. The service quality is determined by the ideological level, cultural quality and service skills of the general medical workers engaged in the medical services as well as by the quality culture and service culture of a hospital. In this sense, quality management is also the cultivation and improvement of ideological level of the individuals and organizations. The medical service detail puts forward a deep-seated problem of hospital management from the service essence that what is the hospital foundation and management goal. The detail management of a hospital profoundly reflects its value orientation and accumulates in dimensions of time, space and culture.


Objective:To explore the influence of nutrition factors on the formation of severe type of endemic fluorosis regions in Guizhou.Methods:2 severe type of endemic fluorosis villages and 1 control village were selected,children and adults were randomly investigated,and the role of nutrition factors such as energy,protein,vitamin and element intake in the formation of severe endemic fluorosis was analyzed based on "Recommend intake amount of nutrition for Chinese residents".and "Calculator for food nutrition v 1.6".Results:The intake of energy and protein both in the adults and children in the 2 severe type of endemic fluorosis villages was lower than the control village and National Standard.The lack of Vitamin B and elements such as calcium,zinc and selenium were very obvious,and the related intake,especially the calcium,was significantly lower than that of control village.Conclusions:It shows that the lack of the intake of nutrition factors such as energy,protein,vitamin and elements plays an important role in the formation of severe type of endemic fluorosis regions in Guizhou coal-fire pollution areas.


Hittite literature urges: Give bread to the hungry, water to the thirsty, clothes to the naked, and to the desiccated, give oil. Oil was one of the minimal essentials in ancient Anatolia, as in the rest of the Near East. Sleuthing the various Hittite words for oils, lard, grease, and fat, philologist Hoffner discovers the basic Hittite word for oil, and catalogs its multifarious uses.


from California. The monogeneric family Tridentellidae Bruce, 1984, is rediagnosed and a comparison to the original diagnosis is presented. A list of the ten described species of Tridentellidae is given, with synonymies and general distributional information. Notes on the ecology and biogeography of the family are presented, as well as a key to the genera of the closely related families Tridentellidae and Corallanidae. The families Tridentellidae and Corallanidae have only recently come under study in the eastern Pacific (see Bruce et al., 1982; Delaney, 1982, 1984). The two new species described herein are based primarily upon Allan Hancock Foundation RV Velero Pacific Expeditions material collected in the 1940s and 1950s. In this paper we expand Bruce's (1984) diagnosis of the family Tridentellidae, list the 10 described species in this widespread family (with synonymies and distributions), present a key to the genera of the closely related families Tridentellidae and Corallanidae, and describe two new species of Tridentella. The following abbreviations are used in this paper: AHF, Allan Hancock Foundation; CAS, California Academy of Sciences; PMS, plumose marginal setae; and USNM, United States National Museum of Natural History. Diagnosis. -Eyes well-developed, placed at posterolateral angles of cephalon. Body often with dorsal spines, tubercles, or carinae. First antenna peduncle 3-articulate, basal article not enlarged. Second antenna peduncle 5-articulate, articles 4 and 5 elongate. Frontal lamina narrow, pentagonal; clypeus short, broad, inverted V-shaped, lateral angles produced to, or almost to, base of mandible; labrum small, partly or largely encompassed by clypeus. Mandible narrowing from base to short acute incisor; molar process present, usually large but weakly sclerotized (and often lost in dissection); often well developed; lacinia wanting; middle and distal articles of 3-articulate palp with PMS. Maxillule lateral (outer) lobe styliform, slightly curved, tapering toward apex with 3-5 stout, hooked apical spines and with smaller subapical spines; medial (inner) lobe simple, highly reduced. Maxilla uniramous, stout, 2-articulate; distal region of conical second article with small spines and/or scalelike setae; maxillary spines tridentate in many species. Maxilliped palp 5-articulate, with PMS, middle article not elongate; endite elongate, with or without coupling hooks. Coxae of pereionite I fused to body; coxae of pereionites II-VII free. Pereiopods I-III subprehensile; dactyl stout, nearly as long as propodus or distinctly shorter than propodus; often with small spines on posterior medial margins of merus and ischium. Pereiopods IV-VII ambulatory, often with many large spines on anterior and posterior margins. Pleopods 1-4


Abstract This article contributes to the scarcely researched area of Y-generation teachers in the schooling context from a South African perspective. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the characterization and the experiences of Y-generation teachers and how principals manage them. In its attempt to add to the epistemology on the characterization, experiences and the management of this generation, the researchers deployed the qualitative research approach. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The results are detailed and discussed under the following thematic strands: Digitally intoxicated and proficient, pursuing commitment, results driven and extrinsically motivated, y-generation relation to leadership authority of the principal and their cooperation and teamwork. This paper is vital in that it adds to the body of knowledge on how Y-generation teachers behave in the schooling contexts.


This exercise of the researcher self explores relationships materializing in manuscript preparation, suggests that conflict-site research is more of a social and affective experience, from proposal to manuscript preparation, than most researchers realize. Outside of clinical and ameliorative approaches, little educational research focuses on ongoing, unresolved conflict. Even less sheds light on the experience of the conflict-site researcher. Here, I show how texts of other conflict-site writers accompanied my process of manuscript preparation, just as activist teachers I observed during the field work phase stood among peers when protesting and facing police repression. Correspondingly, I discuss an intertextual approach of reaching out to others and drawing on published stories while composing the main narrative of my manuscript, Movements on the streets and in schools. I call this practice conrading based on my turning to Anna Tsing and W. G. Sebald who had turned to the stories of Joseph Conrad in their books. As I called upon other authors who wrote about conflict in my assembling a social movement-based manuscript, moving forward, I suggest the uptake of social and textual relationships will become important when researching in times and spaces of pandemic, state repression and institutional defunding.


A selection of topological indices taking into account to their discriminating ability. Discussed capabilities of graph -theoretic approach to the construction and interpretation of additive schemes for calculating and forecasting of alkenes (noted, that many well-known topological indices involved of both the number of parameters in the design of such schemes). We derive the working formulas for calculating the thermodynamic properties of alkenes. On the received the schemes (with using graph theory and linear algebra) held numerical calculations of the enthalpy of formation of alkenes in agreement with experiment. We study correlations «property – the topological index». Are revealed the equation, to the responsible most the closely correlation between the enthalpy of formation of alkanes and topological indices. The predictions (within experimental error) the missing values of enthalpy of formation of the members the study the range are made.


While the development of a water supply and sanitation network in the cities of the Global South has been mostly modeled after the template of European cities, with a city-wide system continuously providing important volumes of water through a network of pipes controlled by a private operator managing the entire water cycle, the purpose of this article is to explore alternatives to this system and to establish whether they can be complementary. It takes as a case study the urban aggregation constituted by the cities of La Paz and El Alto in Bolivia, where many families get their water from cooperatives. The Bolivian case is particularly interesting, first because the country has been through several "water wars" that have called into question the international diffusion of the private management of resources and services, but also because it sheds light on the emergence of social practices that generate new modes of regulation, about which still little is known. In order to establish the importance of small local systems, the survey has drawn on four sources (archives, spatial analysis through Geographic Information Systems, questionnaire-based interviews, observations) in order to develop a geo-indexed database and to analyze the social differentiations that operate in the field of water management.


Objective To observe curative effect and method of transurethral electrification of prostatectomy of single lobe for treatment of serious benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Method 39 cases of BPH were treated by using transurethral electrification of prostatetomy of single lobe Result The mean operative time, intraoperative bleeding and weight of prostate tissue resected were 43 minutes, 50 ml and 37 g, respectively No patients experienced TUR syndrome and serious bleeding 31 patients were followed up for 1~24 months IPSS decreased from 34.3 to 8.7 and MFR increased from 5.6 ml/s to 17.4 ml/s Conclusion Transurethral electrification of prostatetomy of single lobe was an operative method with less bleeding and shorter operative time for serious BPH


Since the observation of room-temperature, polarized and ultrabright single-photon emission from twodimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride, much work has been done further investigating point defects in 2D materials. In order to identify the point defects, knowledge of the zero-phonon line (ZPL) is necessary. In this work, we present two new methods for rapid estimation of the ZPL. First, this ZPL is calculated in the hole picture by exploiting Janak's theorem, encouraged by the accuracy of the approach when applied to silicon monovacancies in 4H-SiC. We provide a lowest order estimate of the error associated with using the theorem since the theorem is not exact for finite changes in occupation. The computation of this error is more rapid than the standard ∆SCF calculation. Next, we also show that initializing the charge density by mixing the ground state HOMO and LUMO can lead to faster convergence of an excited state self-consistent field (SCF) calculation compared to when the charge density is initialized from a superposition of atomic charges. We illustrate these methods using the case of the new singly negatively charged calcium vacancy in SiS2, which we predict should exhibit inversion symmetry and which we propose as a qubit candidate. 1 ar X iv :2 01 2. 01 22 3v 2 [ co nd -m at .m tr lsc i] 8 F eb 2 02 1


A pair of constitutional fentanyl analog (FA) isomers: butyryl and isobutyryl fentanyl, and a pair of geometric FA isomers: cisand trans-3-methyl fentanyl were analyzed by FT-Raman. Upon examination of the FT-Raman spectra of fentanyl and the isomers, it is found that the fingerprint region is dominated by the features from the vibration modes of the two terminal benzene rings. These features are less discriminating for the FA isomers where the structural variations reside in the amide and piperidine moieties of the fentanyl structural scaffold. Instead, the spectral features in the low frequency region (250–400 cm-1) from the δ(C-C) of aliphatic chains are the key differentiators between the isomers. The minute structural variations between isomers results in significant differences in the Raman spectra allowing for positive identification and effective discrimination of the FA isomers using FT-Raman. Introduction Illicitly manufactured fentanyl and fentanyl analogs (FAs) is becoming a major driver of opioid overdose. Since 2013, an unprecedented surge in fentanyl overdose deaths has been caused by heroin laced with illicitly produced fentanyl and/or FAs sold as heroin. The US Drug Enforcement Agency's National Forensic Laboratory Information System reported a >300% increase in fentanyl.1-2 In addition to the high potency of fentanyl and many FAs, the law enforcement agencies are also constantly on their toes to keep up with the rapid and continued emergence of new FAs. Minor modifications to the fentanyl's structural scaffold by illicit drug manufacturers could yield novel and potent FAs that outpace the list of sanctioned compounds. The challenges in the screening, detection, and identification of synthetic opioids warrant the use of multiple analytical techniques. For example, The CDC advises two-tiered testing, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screen followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify the fentanyl compound in blood and urine in the cases of suspected overdose. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS), and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) have also been used for screening and confirmation of fentanyl and FAs in case samples.3 However, unequivocal identification of the suspected FA can be complicated by isomeric compounds. Due to their structural similarity, some FA isomers have identical accurate mass, electron impact (EI), and electrospray ionization (ESI) fragmentation patterns, as well as close retention times on most gas and liquid chromatography methods.1 Previously, we have demonstrated that FT-Raman spectroscopy is a safe, fast, and complementary technique for the detection and identification of powders and other apprehended materials including fentanyl.4 Raman analysis requires little to no sample preparation and allows for direct measurements through glass vials and evidence bags, greatly reducing the risk of lab personnel's accidental exposure to high potency fentanyl and FAs. It is nondestructive and allows the custody chain to be maintained from its seizure until the sample is placed in the evidence file.4 In this note, two examples of distinguishing FA isomers using FT-Raman spectroscopy are described. A pair of constitutional isomers: butyryl fentanyl and isobutyryl fentanyl, and a pair of geometric isomers: cisand trans3-methyl fentanyl were analyzed by FT-Raman. It is demonstrated that in addition to the fingerprint region, the Raman peaks in the low frequency region (250–400 cm-1) resulting from the δ(C-C) aliphatic chains are the key differentiators between the isomers. Materials and methods Fentanyl and FA standards were procured from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, Michigan) and analyzed as received. All fentanyl and regulated materials used in this study were analyzed at the Albuquerque Police Department Crime Laboratory. Samples were analyzed in double bags or glass vials and handled in compliance with the Scheduled I chemical handling protocols. A Nicolet iS50 FTIR Spectrometer equipped with a calcium fluoride beam splitter and a Nicolet iS50 Raman module was used for all analyses. A 1064 nm laser with the power set at 0.5 W was used as the excitation source. A total of 128 scans were co-added for each spectrum at 4 cm-1 resolution, with a total acquisition time of ~130s. The spectra were analyzed using OMNIC Software. Results and discussion Fentanyl and FAs are in the phenylpiperidine class of synthetic opioids. Fentanyl, specifically, has a phenyl propanamide group attached to the phenylpiperidine (Figure 1). Figure 2 shows the FT-Raman spectrum of fentanyl, with the major peaks annotated by their respective wavenumbers. Detailed Raman peak assignments of fentanyl using density function theory (DFT) calculation were reported by Leonard et al.5 In the fingerprint region (400–1600 cm-1), a majority of the spectral features (e.g., 622, 743, 829, 1001, 1075, 1160, 1455, 1585, 1598 cm-1) originate from the vibrations of the two terminal benzene rings. While strong in intensity, those peaks are undiscriminating for the FA isomers in the current study. It is noted that δ(C-C) aliphatic chains produce strong Raman signals in the spectral region of 250–400 cm-1 (e.g. 267 cm-1 and 308 cm-1 in Figure 2). Figure 1. Structures of fentanyl and two pairs of FA isomers in this study. Figure 2. FT Raman spectrum of fentanyl. Butyryl fentanyl and isobutyryl fentanyl are a pair of constitutional isomers that differ in the terminal groups attached to the amide moiety of the fentanyl scaffold (Figure 1). They are short-acting FAs approximately 30 times less potent than fentanyl. However, at least 40 confirmed overdose deaths involving butyryl fentanyl abuse were reported by the US DEA.1 Butyryl fentanyl and isobutyryl fentanyl were classified as Schedule I narcotics in 2016 and 2018, respectively. Figure 3 shows the FT-Raman spectra of butyryl fentanyl and isobutyryl fentanyl. The peak at 735 cm-1 resulting from the C-H symmetric bend is unique to isobutyryl fentanyl. Due to the different terminal groups attached to the carbonyl carbon, the positions of the carbonyl C-O stretch peaks are different between the isomers: 1655 cm-1 for isobutyryl fentanyl and 1646 cm-1 for butyryl fentanyl. In the low frequency region of 250–400 cm-1, there are unique peaks at 323 and 372 cm-1 for isobutyryl fentanyl, and 282 cm-1 for butyryl fentanyl, although the exact assignments of these low frequency peaks are difficult to ascertain. The Raman spectra of butyryl fentanyl and isobutyryl fentanyl nonetheless exhibit sufficient variance to distinguish this pair of constitutional isomers. Classified as Schedule I narcotics, 3-methylfentanyl (3-MF) emerged in 1984 in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania and was responsible for 16 fatal overdose cases.2 3‐MF exists as a diastereomeric species: (±)‐cis‐3‐MF and (±)‐trans‐3‐MF. The cisand transisomers contrast in the orientation of the methyl group attached to the piperidine ring (Figure 1). The two isomeric species has markedly different potencies: (±)‐trans‐3‐MF has a similar potency to fentanyl and (±)‐cis‐3‐MF is 8 times more potent than fentanyl.6 Figure 4 shows the FT-Raman spectra of cis-3-MF and trans-3-MF in the spectral range of 250–1800 cm-1. While there are subtle differences between the isomers in the spectral region of 1200–1300 cm-1, where the peaks are mainly from the C-N stretch and C-H twist of piperidine, more pronounced differences are observed in the low frequency region of 250–500 cm-1. There are a group of peaks (265, 307, 409, 478 cm-1) that are unique to cis-3-MF but noticeably missing for trans-3-MF. Figure 4. Raman spectra of cis-3-MF and trans-3-MF in the spectral range of 250–1800 cm-1. The shaded region in blue color highlights the spectral difference between the two compounds. Figure 3. Raman spectra of butryl fentanyl and isobutryl fentanyl in the spectral range of 250–1800 cm-1. The shaded region in blue color highlights the spectral difference between the two compounds.


The structure of collagen is investigated by means of an energy minimization procedure. There is a rather broad trough of potential energy which involves a variety of structures (all collagen II type). It is seen that the unit height and the unit twist can strongly deviate from 2.86 Å, 36° values. Some of the good conformations are presented.


Background: Therelationshipbetweenmaximumconsumptionof oxygenandindicatorsof bodycompositionisimportantduein increasing the chance of developing cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between body fat anthropometric indicators (BMI, WC, WHtR, CI, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold) with VO 2 max and estimate the predictive ability of anthropometric indicators for the VO 2 max variation in adolescents. Methods: Thestudyincluded879adolescents(14-19years)andwascarriedoutinsouthernBrazil. Aerobicfitnesswasassessedbythe modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness test (mCAFT). Independent variables were: body mass index, waist circumference, waist /height ratio, conicity index (CI), triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds and sum of triceps, subscapularis and suprailiac skinfolds. Analyses were controlled for sociodemographic variables, physical activity and sexual maturation. Results: With the exception of CI for girls, all anthropometric indicators were associated with VO 2 max of adolescents in both sexes (P< 0.01). Thesumof thethreeskinfoldsobtainedthehighestexplanatorypower(21% and23% formalesandfemales,respectively). Conclusions: Only CI for girls did not explain the VO 2 max variation in adolescents, and the sum of the three skinfolds was the indicator that best predicted the VO 2 max variation in adolescents.


Abstract Crystals of the title compound are monoclinic, a= 18.9 93 (11), b = 8.757(5), c= 13.267(8) Å, β = 106.60(5)°, Z = 4 in space group Cc (Cs4 , No. 9). The structure was determined by Patterson and electron-density methods and refined by least squares techniques to R= 0.081, R′ = 0.085 for 1293 independent reflections classified as observed. The molecule is found to adopt an almost regular trigonal bipyramidal geometry in which the two biphenylylene units span apical-equatorial positions and the 2-thienyl group occupies the remaining equatorial site. The 2-thienyl group, which is disordered, does not lie in the equatorial plane, and there is no indication of C2pπ → P3dπ-t interactions between the heteroaryl group and phosphorus. The steric requirements of the 2-thienyl group appear to be comparable with those of methyl and phenyl groups in bis(2,2′-biphenylylene)spiro-phosphoranes.


Two extensive measurements of ground level muons were performed with the NMSU-WIZARD/CAPRICE magnet spectrometer at Lynn Lake, Manitoba, Canada and Fort Sumner, New Mexico, USA, in July 1994 and spring 1997, respectively. The spectrometer was equipped with a superconducting magnet, a time-offlight system, an electromagnetic calorimeter and a Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector. Two different versions of the RICH were used: one with a solid NaF radiator in 1994 and one with a gaseous C 4F10 radiator in 1997. Both the muon spectrum and the to ratio are presented in the momentum range from 200 MeV/c to 120 GeV/c for the two different geomagnetic locations. The spectra are compared with previous experimental results. The data show latitude dependent geomagnetic effects.


Master thesis proposes how urinary incontinence can influence quality of life among seniors. The theoretical part deals with definitions of basic terms connected with the urinary incontinence ; its forms, its origin, possibilities of diagnosis and treatment. It explains the term - quality of life. The practical part of the thesis deals with methodology, goals and hypothesis; results and evaluation are illustrated by graphs and tables. For additional information, the anonymous and optional questionnaire was used.


28 healthy adult Maradi bucks were used to evaluate sperm production and sperm storage capacity in the breed. Daily sperm production (DSP) averaged 0.55±0.05x10 while the daily sperm production/g (DSP/g) was 1.37±0.12 x10. Gonadal sperm reserve was 1.99±0.18 x10, while the caput, upper corpus and lower corpus averaged 0.58±0.04 x10, 0.36±0.02 x10 and 0.33±0.08 x10 respectively. The proximal cauda, mid cauda, distal cauda and ductus deferens had values of 0.68±0.10 x10, 1.23±0.16 x10,1.87±0. x10and 0.17±0.05 x10 respectively. The relative contributions of the respective epididymal sections and ductus deferens to the total extragonadal sperm reserves were, 11.11%, 6.89%, 6.32%, 13.03%, 23.56%, 35.82% and 3.26% respectively. Gonadal sperm reserves were significantly higher (p<0.05) than caput reserves, upper corpus reserves, lower corpus reserves, proximal cauda reserves and ductus deferens reserves. Gonadal reserves were however similar (p>0.05) to mid cauda and distal cauda epididymal reserves. Keywords—Goats, Reserves, Sperm, Tropics


The existence ofQanun (aslike local regulation) in Aceh recognizedjuridically in Indonesia regulation asspecial local regulation. This special existence caused its authority which given by law, not on Qanun itself. To review Qanun's legality is not from hierarki oflaw theory (stufenbau des recht), but based on authority ofQanun and its content that given by law according to implementation ofspecial autonomy and orgovernance ofAceh. On this basis, the type and amountofpunishmentin Qanun notbound by the rules forregulation in otherareas, aslong asits substance is an authoritygiven bylaw. This special existence of Qanun causedbydelegation ofauthority due to the legal autonomy.


In conducting a Class 1 piping analysis per the simplified rules of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division 1, Article NB-3600, a fatigue analysis is required per paragraph NB-3653 for both Service Level A and Service Level B. The fatigue analysis provides two options. The options are dependent on Equation 10 of subparagraph NB-3653.1. If this equation is met for a given load set pair under consideration, then the analysis proceeds directly to subparagraphs NB-3653.2 through NB-3653.5. If however, Equation 10 is exceeded, the Code allows the use of a simplified Elastic Plastic Analysis as delineated in subparagraph NB-3653.6. The first requirement of NB-3653.6 is that both Equation 12 and Equation 13 must be met. The changes in the seismic design in the last 25+ years have not been appropriately reflected in the subparagraph NB-3653.6(b) Equation 13. Also, the Code provides no clear guidance on seismic anchor motions in paragraph NB-3650. In 2012 ASME Code Committees undertook an action to address these issues. This paper provides the background and basis for Code changes that are anticipated will be implemented in the near future in paragraph NB-3653.6 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division 1 that will address both of these issues. This implementation will make the Elastic Plastic Fatigue rules of NB-3653.6 consistent with the design by analysis approach of NB-3228.5.Copyright © 2015 by ASME