Frank R., eleven years of age. His mother thinks he had earache during teething, hut insists that he has had no ear pain nor discharge during the last seven years until three weeks before admission, when, during an attack of "cold in tIle head," he complained of aching in the right ear, followed by slight discharge which ceased in a few days. Since this the boy had not been well, complained of feeling tired, lost flesh, had fever on some days, none on others. Though he had distaste for food, there was no naus~a, no vomiting, no chills, no sweats, no headache, no vertigo, no pain back of the ear. The bowels had been somewhat costive. On admission the boy was pale, emaciated, and had an apearance of general toxemia. His expression was not anxiPus, his mind was active and unimpaired, tongue somewhat coated. breath not offensive, glands normal, urine negative, nose, throat and,lungs negative. Pulse 120, temperature 104, respiratiop 30. He was somewbat somnolent, irritable when aroused for medicine or thermometry, but when awake perfectly clear mentally, and, when asked, answered that he felt well and had no pain anywhere. Ear examination showed a little pus in the canal, slightly greenish in color,


This report details the decomposition of aqueous (K,Na) slurries in concentrated salt solutions using a more complete candidate catalyst recipe, extended testing temperatures (40-70 degrees C) and test durations of approximately 1500 hours (9 weeks). This study uses recently developed High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods for analysis of tetraphenylborate (TPB-), triphenylborane (3PB) and diphenylborinic acid (2PB). All of the present tests involve non-radioactive simulants and do not include investigations of radiolysis effects.


This article proposes a new PWM strategy, called Unified Double Carrier PWM (Uni-DCPWM), which allows one to reduce DC link capacitor RMS current value of an embedded low voltage three phase voltage source inverter. Instead of using 2 adjacent active vectors and zero vectors to balance the reference vector in terms of volt-second at each switching period as in most of PWM strategies in the literature, this strategy uses 3 consecutive active vectors (at high voltage level) or 2 non-adjacent active vectors and a zero vector to reproduce the reference vector. Analytical calculations show that this strategy effectively reduces DC link capacitor RMS current value comparing to Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) for high power factor loads. However, RMS value of load current harmonics due to switching of this strategy is higher than SVPWM. This strategy is adapted to volume constrained environment such as automobile.


We assessed the relationships of environmental policy and supervisory support behaviors to employee environmental initiatives in leading-edge companies. We developed a behaviorally anchored rating ...


We present a model for the gradual evolution towards dioecy in cosexual plants with geitonogamous selfing. We show how geitonogamous selfing (i.e., transfer of pollen between flowers on the same plant) can fa ilitate the evolution of dioecy (i.e., separate male and female individuals) in cose xual plants (i.e., both sexual functions on the same plant). We study the effect of parameters such as inbreeding depression, the attraction costs per f lower, and the total amount of resources available per plant. We also consi der different flower architectures (limited versus unlimited potentia l number of seeds per flower) and pollination biologies (biotic versus abiotic). We find that (1) if there is no maximum to the number of seeds per flower, th n cosexuality is evolutionarily stable whenever the inbreeding depression i s less than one-half. With abiotic pollination and an inbreeding depression greater than one-half, dioecy evolves via evolutionary branching, that is, through the gradual differentiation towards male and female plants, but onl y after the population has first evolved to a cosexual strategy with an intermediate sex ratio. The evolution of dioecy requires higher levels of inbreeding depression if pollination is by insects, but is facilitated by increasing the total amount of resources available per plant. (2) If the potential number of seeds per flower is limited, we get basicall y the same results as with an unlimited seed number per flower, but the outcome n w also depends on the attraction costs per flower. With high attraction c osts, the population can evolve to gynodioecy (females and cosexuals in the same population). Further increasing inbreeding depression leads to dioecy. Our results give a possible explanation of Darwin's observation that dioec y is more common in plant species with abiotic pollination and in large spec ies with many flowers such as trees.


Bacteria are emitted by the vapor type as well as the fine particle type of room humidifier. The significance of this emission and the possible role it plays in gram-negative hospital infections is discussed.


Already announced in 2007 for Sun's Rock processor but later canceled, hardware transactional memory (HTM) finally found its way into general-purpose desktop and server systems and is soon to be expected for embedded and real-time systems. However, although current hardware implementations have their pitfalls, hindering an immediate adoption of HTM as a synchronization primitive for real-time operating-systems, we illustrate on the example of a transactional implementation of the L4/Fiasco.OC inter-process communication (IPC) how extended versions of HTM may revolutionize kernel design and, in particular, how they may reduce the verification costs of a multicore kernel to little more than verifying a selectively preemptible uni-processor kernel. Removing L4/Fiasco.OC's half thousand lines-of-code cross-processor IPC path and making the local path transactional, we benefit from a principal performance boost for sending cross-core messages. However for the average case, we experience a 30 % overhead for local calls.


To evaluate the effect of Indomethacin on the immunological function of postoperative patients with portal hypertension.Methods: Pre and post operative levels of IgG,IgM,C 3,C 4,T cell subgroups,NK cell,PGE 2,TXB 2,6 K PGF 1α and side effects were observed in treatment group (n=14) with portal hypertension administered Indomethacin and control group(n=13).Results: After operation,PGE 2,TXB 2,6 K PGF 1α levels of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of control group.No side effect of Indomethacin was observed.Conclusion: Indomethacin is contributory to improve the immunological function of postoperative patients with portal hypertension.A short period administration by rectum does no observable harm to the patients.


CGF (Computer Generated Forces) is one of the key technologies for the compound drilling environment. Based on introducing the CGF, the present article studied the simulation of CGF system in firepower of tank, and discussed AI technology, especially the Expert System applied in the firepower simulation of tank CGF. Through the study of physical behavior and the intelligent behavior, the system simulated the gunner's series of action including target detection, target selecting, bomb selecting and shooting, then established the decision-making model in firepower.


Cognitive radio (CR) networks require reliable spectrum sensing techniques in order to avoid interference to the primary users of the spectrum. Most existing spectrum sensing techniques are based on simple energy detection. However, in practice, the signals transmitted by primary users usually also contain known symbol such as pilots and preambles for synchronization and channel estimation purposes. Coherent, correlation based spectrum sensing techniques can exploit these known symbols but waste the energy contained in the data symbols. In this paper, we propose a hybrid spectrum sensing scheme which exploits both the pilot and the data symbols transmitted by the primary user. For the practically relevant low signal-to-noise ratio regime, we derive a locally optimal hybrid detection metric, which turns out to be a linear combination of an energy detection metric and a correlation metric. Simulation and analytical results confirm that the hybrid metric outperforms both energy detection and coherent detection even if the pilot positions are not known a priori and have to be estimated by the CR receiver.


Introduction: Breast cancer is a malignant tumor of the mammary gland. Breast cancer is associated with vitamin D receptor (VDR) TaqI polymorphism. This study aims to prove the relationship between TaqI polymorphism and the clinicopathology of breast cancer in Bali.
Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design conducted from February to August 2021. A total of 39 sample DNA isolates from breast cancer patients at Sanglah Hospital were enrolled in the study. The independent variable was the VDR TaqI gene polymorphism, while the dependent variable was the clinicopathological breast cancer (clinical stage and histological grading). The examination was carried out by PCR and sequencing. Clinical staging and histological grading of breast cancer were taken from the patient's medical record. The results were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate analysis.
Results: TaqI polymorphism of breast cancer at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar was dominated by the wild type TT genotype as much as 59%. This study did not find the CC genotype. The results of the statistical analysis did not find a significant relationship (p>0.05) between TaqI polymorphisms with TT and TC genotypes and clinicopathology of breast cancer but found a significant relationship (p=0.047) with histological grading. The TT and TC genotypes were found to increase the risk of breast cancer severity by 3,810 compared to individuals without the TT and TC genotypes. Analysis of confounding variables with clinicopathological breast cancer found no significant relationship (p>0.05) between the age of diagnosis, menstrual status, and hormonal contraceptive use with the characteristics of the sample.
Conclusion: It was concluded that breast cancer patients at Sanglah Hospital Bali had TaqI polymorphisms with TT and TC genotypes. TT and TC genotypes are associated with histological grading and can increase the severity of histological grading in breast cancer patients at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar Bali.


It has been a consensus that the difficulty and focus of China's higher education reform lies in the reform of teaching models and that one way to promote pattern reforms of course teaching is to construct the culture of teaching.However,the following two methods-to aimlessly carry out the pattern reforms of course teaching and to construct the culture of teaching on a large scale-will possibly lead to involuntary results since there is a nonlinear relationship between the pattern reforms of course teaching and the construction of teaching culture.Accordingly,a deep understanding of the meshing relationship between the pattern reforms of course teaching and the construction of teaching culture constitutes the ponder over a prerequisite to its practical reason.


This paper reports on a unique study of a large, random sample of business start-ups that were identified prior to the actual, commercial launch of the ventures. The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, to present frequencies on the involvement of the Swedish population in the small business sector (particularly in start-ups of firms) and to compare these with estimates from Norway and the USA, which are based on studies using a similar research design. The authors also discuss the possible reasons for the differences that emerge between countries. Second, the characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs (i.e. individuals trying to start an independent business) are analysed and compared for sub-groups within the sample and with characteristics of business founders as they appear in theoretical accounts or retrospective empirical studies of surviving all firms. In order to get a representative sample from the working age population, respondents (n = 30,427) were randomly selected and interviewed by telephone. It was found that 2.0% of the Swedish population at the time of the interview were trying to start an independent business. Sweden had a significantly lower prevalence rate of nascent entrepreneurs compared to Norway and the USA. Nascent entrepreneurs were then compared to a control group of people not trying to start a business. The results confirmed findings from previous studies of business founders pointing to the importance of role models and the impression of self-employment obtained through these, employment status, age, education and experience. Marital status, the number of children in the household, and length of employment experience were unrelated to the probability of becoming a nascent entrepreneur. The gender of the respondent was the strongest distinguishing factor. Importantly, the results suggest that while one has a reasonably good understanding of the characteristics associated with men going into business for themselves, the type of variables investigated here have very limited ability to predict nascent entrepreneur status for women.


An analytical, quantitative description of solar-neutrino propagation is presented which includes three flavors, matter dependence, and long-wavelength effects. Using the derived expression for the electron-neutrino survival probability, it is demonstrated that mixing is possible between the two-flavor Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein and two-flavor long-wavelength solutions to the solar-neutrino problem. However, adiabatic conversion of a neutrino mass eigenstate tends to suppress all subsequent long-wavelength effects such as seasonal'' variations in the solar-neutrino flux.


In contrast to previous researches on credit derivatives starting from credit risks, this paper examines default risks affected by the credit derivatives. The linkage of default risks and credit derivatives lies in the implicit options existing in the debt relationships. These options can also be changed if credit derivatives are introduced into the debt relationships, e.g., hedge the default exposure with credit derivatives. Firstly we show that it is optimal for creditors with both safety covenant and CDS protection to enforce early bankruptcy under certain conditions. This result suggests that other not fully hedged default risks can be more likely to enforce bankruptcy. The framework to inspect tradeoffs between credit derivative costs and expected payoffs is borrowed to study strategic debt service (SDS). Credit risks associated with SDS games between debtors and creditors with and without credit default swap (CDS) hedge are compared, and strategies are suggested to debtors and creditors respectively when CDS can play an important role in determining default or not. The capital structure arbitrage in the credit market is also discussed.


In the context of economic globalization, cultivating students' cross-cultural marketing ability is becoming more and more important; The implementation of bilingual teaching is an important way to cultivate and enhance this ability. In recent years, the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce and free trade zones has greatly increased the demand for bilingual marketing talents, which has promoted the rapid development of bilingual teaching of marketing specialty. From the perspective of international talent training, there are some problems in bilingual teaching of marketing specialty in Colleges and universities, such as textbook selection, teacher construction, students' English level, teaching quality, curriculum incentive and so on. Based on the author's five-year bilingual teaching experience of marketing specialty and the goal of international talent training, the bilingual teaching of marketing specialty can be improved from the following aspects: practicing the international educational concept.


DNA methylation is an essential feature of epigenetic regulation and plays a role in various physiological and biochemical processes at CG, CHG, and CHH sites in plants. LeERF1 is an ethylene response factor (ERF) found in tomatoes which plays an important role in ethylene signal transduction. To explore the characteristics of DNA methylation in the ethylene pathway, sense-/antisense-LeERF1 transgenic tomato fruit were chosen for deep sequencing and bioinformatics parsing. The methylation type with the greatest distribution was CG, (71.60–72.80%) and CHH was found least frequently (10.70–12.50%). The level of DNA methylation was different among different tomato genomic regions. The differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were conjointly analyzed and 3030 different expressed genes were found, of which several are involved in ethylene synthesis and signaling transduction (such as ACS, ACO, MADS-Box, ERFs, and F-box). Furthermore, the relationships between DNA methylation and microRNAs (miRNAs) were also deciphered, providing basic information for the further study of DNA methylation and small RNAs involved in the ethylene pathway.


Disclosed are a file management method of a subscriber authentication module embedded in a terminal device and a subscriber authentication module using the same. The file management method according to the present invention includes a step of configuring a file structure for at least one profile and a step of managing at least one file included in the file structure according to a request, thereby providing an efficient shared file management method to a multi-profile environment. [Reference numerals] (110) Profile; (120) Shared file management unit; (130) Shared file storage unit; (200) External linkage device


Cooperate a finance because of it mutual aid,cooperation with hand weak characteristic,is the important way of the village financial system.The village financial system of our country sees seem to be very complete from the structure,but most peasant households be expel financial supply an outlet at the regular business outside,existing law norm can't also the norm cooperate the right and obligation in the finance relation.The village reputation agency exists various problem in the movement and face many law predicament Jis to need to be resolve.As long as take orders voluntarily the principle of mutual aid,needed to separately sign new organization again,to agriculture letter agency of reform's falling solid place be a village cooperation financial of path choice.


A method of producing polarization-maintaining single-mode optical waveguides is provided wherein the preform from which the optical waveguide is produced consists of a tube, a rod of core and cladding material centrally disposed in said tube, and two differently doped pairs of filler rods disposed about said rod, the two rods of each pair being disposed diametrically opposed to each other with respect to said rod. Maximum polarization maintenance of the optical waveguide being produced is achieved by choosing the diameter ratios so that each filler rod rests against the central rod, against the inside wall of the tube, and directly against the two filler rods of the respective other pair.


Using Large Sky Area Multi-object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope spectroscopic data, we find a strong signal of a comoving group of stars in the constellation of Draco. The group, observed near the apocenter of its orbit, is 2.6 kpc from the Sun with a metallicity of −0.64 dex. The system is observed as a streaming population of unknown provenance with mass of about 2.1 ± 0.4 · 10 4 ?> M ⊙ ?> and brightness of about M V ∼ ?> −3.6. Its high metallicity, diffuse physical structure, and eccentric orbit may indicate that the progenitor satellite was a globular cluster rather than a dwarf galaxy or an open cluster.


OBJECTIVE
The present investigation aimed to prepare metronidazole (MTZ) topical bigel for the effective delivery of MTZ and to study the effect of used variables as per statistical design. The study also signifies the implementation of the statistical method using the Quality by Design technique for MTZ bigel.

METHODS
The MTZ bigels were prepared as per the runs suggested by box behnken design (BBD) using statistical software. A total of 28 runs were suggested by the BBD considering sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC), guar gum, hydrogel, and RPM as independent variables. The prepared bigels were evaluated for organoleptic properties, percentage drug content, spreadability, viscosity, percentage in-vitro drug release, and antimicrobial efficacy. Model selectivity ascertained by pvalue considering responses along with predicted R2 and adjusted R2 value. Fitting of model ascertained by F-value as well as "lack of fit" carried out to find out the suitability of the experimental design. Furthermore, the characteristic distribution of data ascertained by the "normal plot of residual" method. The compatibility of MTZ and excipients in bigels were confirmed by FTIR and the crystalline nature of MTZ in formulations was studied by DSC and XRD studies. Furthermore, the dispersion of bigel was assessed by the SEM study.

RESULTS
The effect of independent variables on Spreadability (mm), Viscosity (cp), pH, Drug release in 6th hour (%), and Drug content (%) was evaluated. The optimized formulation was selected and evaluated by a polynomial equation while considering the p-value. These variables showed a significant effect on responses. A less significant difference was observed (6.37, 14463, 6.97, 86.29, and 67.47 respectively for spreadability, viscosity, pH, and percentage drug release and % drug content) was found between the observed and predicted values indicating that the model is suitable. The prepared bigels were compatible and globules were found to be uniformly dispersed throughout bigel.

CONCLUSION
The 3D response surface design ascertained the optimal MTZ bigel at 1.25g of NaCMC, 0.5g of guar gum, 37.5g hydrogel, and 1000 RPM. The selected showed good antimicrobial efficacy against S. Aureus and may be considered as better delivery vehicles for the effective delivery of MTZ.


. This paper is concerned with the characterization of spaces of square integrable holomorphic functions on a complex manifold, G , in terms of the derivatives of the function at a fixed point o ∈ G . The reproducing kernel properties of square integrable holomorphic functions are reviewed and a number of examples are given. These examples include square integrable holomorphic functions relative to Gaussian measures on complex Euclidean spaces along with their generalizations to heat kernel measures on complex Lie groups. These results are intimately related to the Itˆo's chaos expansion in stochastic analysis and to the Fock space description of free quantum fields in physics.


Clinical manifestations and hematologic data of thalassemia intermedia were observed in three siblings of a Thai family. Analyses of the hemoglobin of their parents and other siblings indicated that they inherited a δβ-thalassemia gene from the father and a β-thalassemia gene from the mother. Globin gene mapping confirmed that they carry two abnormal β-globin gene complexes. On one chromosome more than 70 kb of DNA was removed which resulted in Gγ(Aγδβ)-thalassemia. The deletion started at the Hind III site located just 3' to the Gγ gene, and extended downstream to a region recognized by the p3'N 2.8R probe which is located more than 45 kb from the 3' end of the B gene. The other chromosome carried a β-thalassemia gene, and a 5 kb deletion between the Gγand Aγ genes which produced a hybrid -GAγ_ gene. A synthetic oligonucleotide probe showed that this β°-thalassemia arose from a CT mutation at position 654 of IVS-II in the β-globin gene.


Summary In this work we present oneAPI - an opensource specification- and DPC++ Programming Language . We explain why DPC++ is an efficient language for programming different devices and for different vendors and briefly introduce Reverse Time Migration (RTM) as a use case and demonstrate how its finite difference kernel is implemented in DPC++.


Based on the recommendations of Harold Bloom regarding what one should read and why, the article proposes that imaginative literature, more than argumentative literature, is the most efficient way to reach intellectual autonomy, a kind of autonomy that liberates one from stereotyped forms of thought regarding human beings. After stating these positions, the writers James and Proust are extrapolated as examples of creators of works that free one from egotism.


Low elevation, high resolution (i.e., small ground sample distance (GSD)) aerial photography collected in September, 2000 for Vashon and Maury Islands, portions of King County that reside in Puget Sound, approximately 5 miles west of the city of Seattle. The data has a pixel size of 0.5 meters and is displayed in natural color for visual analysis.


our fear, while freedom is the expression of our own reality. "If we use our freedom to escape from freedom we frustrate ourselves: if we persist in this choice we destroy ourselves." If we aim at security, Macmurray thinks that we aim at the impossible and succeed only in multiplying the occasions of fear and magnifying our need for security. There is no security for us except in choosing freedom, for our insecurity is our fear and to choose freedom is to triumph over fear. From these arguments it will be clear that an increase in freedom implies an enlargement of the field in which we can do as we please. If we wish to increase our freedom, we must remove obstacles which prevent us from doing as we like. In this regard Macmurray makes a statement which is obviously true, but which will not be very popular. He states that we can increase our freedom by limiting our desires without any change in the means of action at our disposal. "The free man is a man whose means are adequate to his ends."


Method of controlling a data transfer on a serial transmission data transfer bus 4 by means of a central processing unit 1, and associated system are disclosed. This method comprises the following steps: a) an available bandwidth is determined for the bus 4; b) an available computing capacity percentage is determined for the central processing unit 1; c) a maximum data rate on the bus 4 is determined on the basis of the available bandwidth and the available computing capacity percentage; and d) the data transfer on the bus 4 is controlled on the basis of the determined maximum data rate.


The Heyuan region of Daxinganling Mountains in Inner Mongolia is covered by forest and marsh, where the 1:50000 geochemical reconnaissance work should be done by ways of soil survey. The method trial has defined the sampling density for soil survey as 4 - 12 spot/km2. The grain size for samples is in the range of 4 to 80 per inch.The eluvium is the favorable layer for sampling. The result of anomaly delineation by this method is satisfied. And certain mineralization clues have been found .


Abstract This paper considers the nature and process of industrial relations reforms in the building and construction industry, focusing on recent initiatives of the Commonwealth and New South Wales Governments from the late 1980s to 1996. Two theoretical models—one concerning the role of the state in the economy, the other dealing with strategies of forcing', 'fostering' or 'escaping' change—are adapted to grasp the differences evident in the mechanisms and instruments of reform developed by the two Governments. It is argued that the Commonwealth Government adopted a consensual, 'fostering' strategy, whilst the approach of the New South Wales Government was more proscriptive, a forcing' strategy. These different approaches to reform reflected underlying differences in the perspectives of the two Governments.


Despite decades of efforts, deficit narratives regarding language development and use by children and students from historically marginalized backgrounds remain persistent in the United States. Examining selective literature, we discuss the ideologies that undergird two deficit narratives: the notion that some children have a "word gap" when compared to their White middle-class peers, and students must develop "academic language" to engage in rigorous content learning. The "word gap" concept came from a study wherein a group of young children in low-income families heard fewer words than those in middle-class families. It assumes that language can only be acquired in one way—vocabulary exchange from one parent to one child—and ignores decades of research on diverse pathways for language development. We highlight an alternative perspective that language development builds on children's experience with cultural practices and the harm on minoritized children by privileging a specific form of vocabulary acquisition. The second deficit narrative concerns "academic language," a concept championed by scholars aiming to address educational inequity. The construct runs the risk of undervaluing the potential of students from historically marginalized backgrounds to engage in learning using language that is "informal," nonconventional, or "non-native like." It also is sometimes used as a rationale to relegate students to special programs isolated from more rigorous academic discourse, thus ironically removing them from opportunities to develop the academic registers they are deemed to be missing. We explore alternative frameworks that shift the focus from linguistic features of academic talk and texts as prerequisites for academic work to the broad range of linguistic resources that students employ for academic purposes in the classroom. Finally, we turn to a positive approach to youths' language development and use: translanguaging by multilingual learners and their teachers. Translanguaging demonstrates the power of a resource-oriented perspective that values students' rich communicative repertoires and actively seeks to disrupt language hierarchies. We argue that this approach, however, must be considered in relation to the broader social context to meet its transformative aims. Together, our analysis suggests counter-possibilities to dismantle deficit-oriented narratives and points to promising directions for research and practices to reduce inequity in education.


cant medical disorder. It can present as either silent or symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). Approximately 200,000 new VTE events occur each year in the United States, and the incidence is expected to increase with the "graying" of America. Unfortunately, the initial presentation may be sudden death from a PE. Even among patients whose PE is heralded by symptoms, approximately 30% die within 30 days of the acute event. In addition to death, VTE events are associated with significant morbidity and health care costs. Therefore, it is important to reduce the incidence of VTE events, thereby improving survival and decreasing the incidence of both complications and recurrence. During the last 15 years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of antithrombotic therapy. Many of the new agents that have been developed, promising improved risk-benefit profiles, have been evaluated in well-designed, randomized clinical trials. With the large body of evidence on the safety and efficacy of the newer anticoagulants that has now accumulated, clinicians treating patients who present with VTE events or who are at risk for them should understand the concepts underlying antithrombotic therapy and to review the evidence pertaining to the use of current and new agents. With this foundation, they will be able to consider clinical applications for the novel medications. The material in this supplement is the result of a collaborative effort by clinical investigators with extensive experience in the field of venous thromboembolic disease. The information was originally presented in a symposium conducted in conjunction with the 2001 meeting of the American Society of Hematology.* The intent of the faculty was to educate the participants on the pathophysiology, medical significance, and economic importance of VTE events. The presentations highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of the current generation of antithrombotic interventions and addressed the need for improved VTE therapy, particularly in high-risk populations. These experts also explained the role of different strategies in the treatment of symptomatic VTE events as indicated by evidence from clinical trials. Despite noteworthy advances in VTE treatment, a number of issues still require resolution. The articles in this supplement represent the best of current thinking on this important clinical problem.


The invention discloses a method for chemical mechanical polishing of a copper substrate and concretely refers to a method of performing chemical mechanical polishing on a substrate including copper by using a chemical mechanical polishing set which is nonselective and has low defects.


Bonnyrigg, on 16th February. Dr Wilson graduated M.B., C.M. ni the University of Edinburgh in 1887, and soon after began practice in the Trinity and Granton district, then rapidily being absorbe into the city of Edinburgh. By assiduous attention to work he soon built up an extensive suburban practice. Temperamentally Wilson had the "soldier-mind' methodical orderly, punctual and punctilious as to details?and such leisure ^ as


Human pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Rifaximin, a human PXR activator, is in clinical trials for treatment of IBD and has demonstrated efficacy in Crohn's disease and active ulcerative colitis. In the current study, the protective and therapeutic role of rifaximin in IBD and its respective mechanism were investigated. PXR-humanized (hPXR), wild-type, and Pxr -null mice were treated with rifaximin in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced IBD models to determine the protective function of human PXR activation in IBD. The therapeutic role of rifaximin was further evaluated in DSS-treated hPXR and Pxr -null mice. Results demonstrated that pre-administration of rifaximin ameliorated the clinical hallmarks of colitis in DSS-treated and TNBS-treated hPXR mice as determined by body weight loss and assessment of diarrhea, rectal bleeding, colon length, and histology. Additionally, higher survival rates and recovery from colitis symptoms were observed in hPXR mice, and not in Pxr -null mice when rifaximin was administered after the onset of symptoms. NF- κ B target genes were markedly down-regulated in hPXR mice by rifaximin treatment. In vitro NF- κ B reporter assays demonstrated inhibition of NF- κ B activity following rifaximin treatment in colon-derived cell lines expressing hPXR. These findings demonstrated the preventive and therapeutic role of rifaximin on IBD through human PXR-mediated inhibition of the NF- κ B signaling cascade, thus suggesting that human PXR may be an effective target for the treatment of IBD. and Pxr -null mice, thus demonstrating that rifaximin functions through activating human PXR and not through its gut-specific antibiotic effects. In addition, rifaximin inhibited the NF- κ B signaling cascade in a human PXR-dependent manner. These data provide the first mechanistic evidence by which rifaximin and human PXR influence experimental IBD. a specific hPXR-dependent


Nowdays, a degree of contamination by heavy metals can be observed in the environment. Heavy metals have serious effects on all living organisms because they can accumulate in lethal or sublethal concentrations in the various parts of food chain and so they can cause different health problems like cardiovascular and cancer deseases. Marine fish and animals are one of the bigges source of mercury in human food. Therefore this work is focused to the rate of mercury content in muscle tisuues of marine fish and animals. We analyzed mainly frozen or otherwise preserved marine fish and animals that were purchased in retail network in Slovakia. Mercury content in samples was analyzed by cold vapor AAS with mercury analyser AMA254. The contents of mercury in analysed samples were in the interval 0.0057 – 0,697 mg.kg. Our results shows, that no analyzed samples of marine fish and animals had over-limit concetration of Hg, so they are safe for human nutrition.


Abstract The effect of controlled atmosphere (CA) regimens on the storage quality of 'Granny Smith' apples has been examined over two seasons. Fruit quality was assessed by physical parameters, incidence of storage disorders and sensory evaluation. There were small differences in fruit quality between 2% O2/2% CO2 and 3% O2/3% CO2 atmospheres, with slight advantages of 2% O2/2% CO2 in terms of titratable acidity. A 2% O25% CO2 atmosphere resulted in fruit of the same firmness as those in 2% O2/2% CO2, although titratable acid levels were lower. Compared with 2% O2/2% CO2, fruit from a 1% O2/ 1.5% CO2 atmosphere were not significantly firmer or more acid. Low (0.75%) CO2 concentrations with either 2% or 3% O2 resulted in softer fruit, suggesting that moderate levels of CO2 are important for maintenance of flesh firmness. Fruit from 2% O2/ 0.75% CO2 atmospheres were also less green than fruit from 2% O2% CO2, but there was no effect of CO2 on colour when O2 levels were 3%. Low CO2 concentrations resulted in...


Today, the diversity of functions of the state is objectively expanding, especially in the context of socially oriented economies of developed countries. Effective governance of state property serves as a solid foundation for successful performance of the state functions. The chosen topic is of particular relevance in the context of Ukraine's transformational economy. The subject of research is the system of economic relations of state property. Methodology. In the course of the study, a general philosophical dialectical method was used to find contradictions in the phenomena and sources of their development, such as the essence of state property and its contents. Common scientific methods were also used: analysis and synthesis; comparative analysis; statistical methods for calculating the structure and dynamics of indicators of condition and development of state property. The overall system for assessing the socio-economic efficiency of state property management was carried out on the basis of microeconomic indicators and macroeconomic indicators (indicators of economic and social efficiency). The purpose of the paper is to reveal the trends of development of state ownership relations in the European countries as well as in Ukraine, in particular, the difficulties of the process of managing them, as well as to formulate possible ways to overcome such difficulties. Conclusions of the study. Today, the importance of the state as a public institute is objectively increasing in the most economically developed countries. By succeeding in achieving positive institutional changes in ownership relations (creating favorable conditions for SMEs, developing market infrastructure, conducting moderate privatization of state property, transferring state-owned enterprises to market tracks, maintaining policies for protecting national interests, etc.) the grounds for economic growth and improvement of the social sphere in France and Poland were made. Though the conducted analysis showed that the development of state property in Ukraine is contradictory, it has the following problems: ambiguous character of privatization; low efficiency of state property governance; insufficient efficiency of work of enterprises with state ownership; institutional problems. Overall, the socio-economic efficiency of state property governance in Ukraine needs improvement. Thus, the state policy of property governance should include, in particular, the following steps: development of a national model of governance, as well as strategies for the development of state property; organization of state property management entities; development of a system of criteria and indicators for assessing not only the economic but also the social efficiency of state property governance.


During the last decades, increasing exports of both dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and iron were observed from peat catchments in North America and Europe with potential consequences for water quality of streamwater and carbon storages of soils. As mobilisation and transport processes of DOC and iron in peat catchments are only partly understood, the purpose of this study was to elucidate these processes in an intensively monitored and studied system. Specifically, it was hypothesised that dissimilatory iron reduction in riparian peatland soils mobilises DOC initially adsorbed to iron minerals. During stormflow conditions, both DOC and iron will be transported into the stream network. Ferrous iron may be reoxidised at redox interfaces on its way to the stream, and subsequently, ferric iron could be transported together with DOC as complexes. To test these hypotheses, generalised additive models (GAMs) were applied to 14 years of weekly time series of discharge and concentrations of selected solutes measured in a German headwater stream called Lehstenbach. This stream drains a 4.19‐km2 forested mountain catchment; one third of which is covered by riparian peatland soils. We interpreted results of different types of GAM in the way that (a) iron reduction drove the mobilisation of DOC from peatland soils and that (b) both iron and DOC were transported as complexes after their joint mobilisation to and within the steam. It was speculated that low nitrate availability in the uppermost wetland soil layer, particularly during the growing season, promoted iron reduction and thus the mobilisation of DOC. However, the influence of nitrate on the DOC mobilisation remains relatively uncertain. This influence could be further investigated using methods similar to the GAM analysis conducted here for other catchments with long‐term data as well as detailed measurements of the relevant species in riparian wetland soils and the adjacent stream network.


China is a multi-ethnic country and has rich resources in material and non-material cultural heritages. As a kind of aesthetic inspiration, these cultural heritages have unique ethnic look. In view of the signification of visual design in textile, this article focuses on the combination of the ethnic look and the textile visual design, and aims to enhance the artistic expression of the textile fabric by using the ethnic look to propose new ideas for the value-added fabrics, to achieve the best combination of ecological aesthetics and modern consumer needs, and provides reasonable proposals to the application of ethnic look in textile visual design.


Of modern all marlowe's stage performances plays, literary of Tamburlaine critics are the least Great familiar . While with the efforts early in this century of William Poel, Sir Frank Benson, the Phoenix Society, and the universities have led to many later revivals of Doctor Faustus, Edward 11, and The Jew of Malta, there has been only one well-known mounting of Tamburlaine, Sir Tyrone Guthrie's conflation of Parts I and II in 1951 and in 1956. In spite of several university and repertory company revivals that attest to Tamburlaine* s theatrical viability, the fact remains that for theater and literary critics alike the play still arouses the antithetical responses the Guthrie production elicited from T. C. Worsley, J. C. Trewin, and Sir Donald Wolfit, respectively: Only the inflated hyperboles of the film handouts can do justice to this vast, sprawling, truly horrible and, in the last analysis, worthless play. Tamburlaine is an extraordinary relic cloth-of-gold or fustian, according to your viewpoint. Clearly, Marlowe was an expert dramatist.1 i. T. C. Worsley, "Tamburlaine the Great," New Statesman and Nation, XLII (1951), 336; J. C. Trewin, "Catching a Tartar," John O' London's WeeĶly , 12


In order to bring up points at issue on language-spread policy (LSP) in Japan, I will begin this article by considering where the Japanese language is used today. In addition to 121 million Japanese, there are a few Ainus in the northern island (Hokkaidoo), about 571,000 Koreans, 60,000 Chinese, and foreigners from various countries. Since most of these individuals either are able to speak Japanese or attempt to learn it (Minami et al. 1989: 1570), there is no need for a policy of spreading Japanese within Japan. With respect to language, Japan can be seen äs a rather monolingual country, one of the rare examples in the world of cultures that have remained linguistically homogeneous. This fact, äs is discussed below, has had an influence on the development of LSP in Japan. Japanese LSP outside the country is more important. There are, roughly speaking, three groups using Japanese abroad: (1) foreigners, especially learners and scholars of Japanese äs a foreign language (JFL), (2) Japanese staying abroad, and (3) Japanese emigrants in Latin America, Hawaii, California, and Canada. When we take (2) and (3) into consideration, we have to deal with language maintenance by the children of both groups. Accordingly, this article also treats the problems of languagemaintenance policy (LMP). When we examine Japan's LSP from a historical viewpoint, the era from 1895 to 1945 is of great importance. In those 50 years, LSP was carried out in the wide reaches of Asia. In the next section, prewar LSP is discussed.


The sections in this article are:

1
Isolation of Porcine VIP and PHI

2
Amino Acid Sequence of VIP and PHI

3
Radioimmunoassay of VIP/PHI

4
Distribution and Location of VIP
4.1
Gastrointestinal Tract

4.2
Pancreas

4.3
Other Exocrine Glands

4.4
Endocrine Organs

4.5
Respiratory Tract

4.6
Genitourinary Tract

4.7
Cardiovascular System

4.8
Central Nervous System

4.9
Peripheral Ganglia and Nerves

4.10
Subcellular Distribution of VIP

5
Coexistence of VIP and Acetylcholine

6
Distribution of PHI/PHM: Coexistence with VIP

7
Pharmacological Effects of VIP/PHI

8
Release and Physiological Function of VIP/PHI
8.1
Salivary Glands

8.2
Esophagus

8.3
Stomach

8.4
Small and Large Intestines

8.5
Pancreas

8.6
Other Organs

9
Corelease of VIP, PHI, and Acetylcholine: Physiological Implications


Background: eIF2α-P induced GADD34 and constitutively expressed CReP target PP1c to dephosphorylate eIF2α-P to dictate translation control of the ISR. Results: Differential expression of GADD34 and CReP is regulated by upstream ORF (uORF)-mediated ribosome reinitiation. Conclusion: uORFs regulate differential expression of GADD34 and CReP and are important for cell adaptation to stress. Significance: Regulation of eIF2α-P is central for protein homeostasis and cell viability. In the integrated stress response, phosphorylation of eIF2α (eIF2α-P) reduces protein synthesis to conserve resources and facilitate preferential translation of transcripts that promote stress adaptation. Preferentially translated GADD34 (PPP1R15A) and constitutively expressed CReP (PPP1R15B) function to dephosphorylate eIF2α-P and restore protein synthesis. The 5′-leaders of GADD34 and CReP contain two upstream ORFs (uORFs). Using biochemical and genetic approaches we show that features of these uORFs are central for their differential expression. In the absence of stress, translation of an inhibitory uORF in GADD34 acts as a barrier that prevents reinitiation at the GADD34 coding region. Enhanced eIF2α-P during stress directs ribosome bypass of the uORF, facilitating translation of the GADD34 coding region. CReP expression occurs independent of eIF2α-P via an uORF that allows for translation reinitiation at the CReP coding region independent of stress. Importantly, alterations in the GADD34 uORF affect the status of eIF2α-P, translational control, and cell adaptation to stress. These results show that properties of uORFs that permit ribosome reinitiation are critical for directing gene-specific translational control in the integrated stress response.


The Royal Asiatic Society's manuscript of the Chronicle [«Գաւազանա գիրք»] of Georg Khubov: a unique source of Armenian political aspirations for independence in the 18 th and first half of the 19th century. (RAS. Arm. Ms. no.2)


The so-called Her~eum of Argos is situated at some distance from the site of ancient and modern Argos, just as, for example, the iEginetan temple of Athena was six or eight miles from the ancient city of iEgina, and as the Phigaleans built their temple to Apollo still further away from their town. Although the Heroeum was an Argive temple during almost the whole time of Greek history, it doubtless belonged originally not to Argos but to Mycenae. As Argos increased and Mycenae decreased in strength, the sanctuary became the common possession and charge of both cities. Finally, with the capture of Mycenva in 463 B. c.,1 it fell into the hands of the Argives alone. The temple stood upon a southern spur of the low mountain Euboea, which itself is


Tissue culture and light microscopical observation were made on the effects of light and temperatures on spore germination and protonema development of Dolichomitriopsis diversiformis (Mitt.) Nog.The preliminary results were as follows:(1) Light is the major environmental factor that affects the spore germination.At 20 ℃,the spore germination rate added to 83.3% at the 4th day in continuous light,while there was no germination at the same temperature at the 30th day in darkness,but when the latter was transferred to light,the rate rose to 84.6% in 4 days.(2) Temperature is the major factor that affects the development of protonema.In continuous light,the protonema which had the most number of branches,grew fast and differentiated firstly was at 20 ℃,with a length of 651.64 μm at the 31st day.The following was at 25 ℃ with that of 379.12 μm.The slowest of growth (127.44 μm) as well as the lowest of spore germination (70.2% at the 18th day) was at the room temperature (5~10℃) in nature light.(3) At a certain time,the protonema cells separated into several individual cells,each develops into a new branch of protonema.


The article analyses the differences and the causes of the teachers' satisfying degree of work who are exposed to different background in order to probe further into the satisfying condition and needs of teachers.At the same time,it gives some constructive advice on how to improve "two lessons" teachers' satisfying degree of work according to our study.


The institution of serfdom has been a central and much debated feature of early modern Russian history: it has sometimes been described as Russia's 'peculiar institution', as central to the Russian experience as black slavery has been to the American.1 It is striking, however, that the rise and dominance of serfdom within Muscovite/Russian society coincided closely in historical terms with the rise to European eminence and power of the Muscovite state and Russian Empire. The subjection of the peasantry to its landlord masters was finally institutionalized in 1649, at a time when for most of the rest of Europe Muscovy was a little-known and peripheral state, in John Milton's words, 'the most northern Region of Europe reputed civil'.2 When Peter I proclaimed Russia an empire, in 1721, it had displaced Sweden to become the leading state of Northern Europe; one hundred years later Russia was the premier European land power. Its loss of international status after the Crimean War in 1856 helped to precipitate the abolition of serfdom (1861); but the 'Great Reforms' of the 1860s did not enable it to regain the international position achieved after the Napoleonic Wars. Thus the period of history from the mid-seventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries, when serfdom became a securely entrenched legal and economic institution, was also the period in which Russia — the Muscovite state and Russian Empire — became relatively more powerful than at any other time in its history before 1945. This article seeks to examine some of the features of serfdom in Russia, to look briefly at its place in the structure and dynamics of Russian society, and to investigate the relationship between the establishment of serfdom in practice and the success of Russian governments both in domestic affairs and on the international stage. Roger Bartlett


The ending of Dickens`s novel is in the form of a typical happy (closed) ending upon which recent literary critics tend to look down. This article aims to show that Dickens`s happy ending typical of Victorian literature could be seen as Dickens`s "superficial" and "disguised" strategy of wrapping up a story that his days required. This argument doesn`t mean that Dickens was "subversive" of the then popular closed happy ending form of the novel. It means that Dickens was right in the middle of Victorian literary culture, corresponding to the self-contradictory discursive characteristic of the Victorian period. In other words, this is an attempt to show that, as has been known, Dickens is the most Victorian writer, but in a different sense. It is my intention to put Dickens back in his time of history and assess his work from a perspective conscious of his time. According to my approach, Dickens`s ending reveals the typical discursive aspect characteristic of self-contradictory conflict between the artist`s role as a social critic and his or her natural romantic impulse. Especially, Bleak House and A Tale of Two Cities show this aspect most strongly. The two narrators in Bleak House take up different roles as a social critic and a romantic individual and tell the same story from a different perspective, but their difference remains the same throughout the novel. In A Tale of Two Cities, there is only one narrator, but as the novel proceeds, two different voices appear: one as a historian and the other as an individual full of emotions. Unlike Bleak House, this novel shows that one voice takes the full authority over the other in the end, but this happens only after it kills the coherence of the narrative, which in turn reveals that it is impossible to take up one kind of impulse, abandoning the other. In my interpretation, therefore, Dickens`s closed happy ending is too superficial, only for formality.


#### Notable in Neurology

This issue features articles on cyclosporine in acute ischemic stroke and on how to diagnose central paroxysmal positional nystagmus despite its challenging characteristics and mechanisms. Another featured article focuses on the homozygous carriers of APP A713T mutation in an autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease family.

### Primary prevention of stroke by a healthy lifestyle in a high-risk group

Findings from this study showed that men at higher risk of stroke because of other cardiovascular diseases or conditions may reduce their stroke risk by …


To reveal and classify site characteristics in densely populated areas in Chuncheon, Korea, Rayleigh-waves were recorded at 50 sites including four sites in the forest area using four 1-Hz velocity sensors and 24 4.5-Hz vertical geophones during the period of January 2011 to May 2013. Dispersion curves of the Rayleigh waves obtained by the extended spatial autocorrelation method were inverted to derive shear-wave velocity () models comprising 40 horizontal layers of 1-m thickness. Depths to weathered rocks (), shear wave velocities of these basement rocks (), average velocities of the overburden layer (), and the average velocity to a depth of 30 m (), were then derived from those models. The estimated values of , , , and for 46 sites at lower altitudes were in the ranges of 5 to 29 m, 404 to 561 m/s, 208 to 375 ms/s, and 226 to 583 m/s, respectively. According to the Korean building code for seismic design, the estimated indicates that the lower altitude areas in Chuncheon are classified as (very dense soil and soft rock) or (stiff soil). To determine adequate proxies for , we compared the computed values with land cover, lithology, topographic slope, and surface elevation at each of the measurement sites. Due to a weak correlation (r


The utility model discloses a sealing device for sealing the gaps between a sintering machine pallet body and a breast board and between the breast boards. The sealing device comprises the pallet body, a lower breast board and an upper breast board, a groove is formed in the upper end of the pallet body in the length direction, a groove is formed in the lower end of the lower breast board in the length direction, a groove is formed in the upper end of the lower breast board in the length direction, a groove is formed in the upper end of the upper breast board in the length direction, the groove in the upper end of the pallet body and the groove in the lower end of the lower breast board form a sealing groove, the groove in the upper end of the lower breast board and the groove in the lower end of the upper breast board form a sealing groove, and metal sealing strips are mounted in the sealing grooves. According to the sealing device for sealing the gaps between the sintering machine pallet body and the breast board and between the breast boards, the grooves are arranged on the junction surfaces of the pallet body and the lower breast board and of the lower breast board and the upper breast board, the length of the grooves is the same as the length of the junction surfaces, the metal sealing strips for sealing the sides of the breast boards are arranged in the sealing grooves, therefore, the gaps formed when the pallet breast boards deform are sealed through the sealing strips, and the phenomenon that air leaks from a sintering machine due to the fact that air leakage channels are formed is avoided.


The following study aims to analyze the transitivity of the verb fazer in certain real texts (oral and written), as well as compare the gap that exists between the purely theoretical concept, as subscribed to by traditional grammar, and the concept which reflects a discursive/communicative act of the speaker. Based on the theoretical framework of contemporary functional linguistics, we understand transitivity as a group of syntacticalsemantic traits which prototypically present a subject/agent and an object/patient, taking into consideration the discursive manifestation of the verb in the clause. We use analytical categories transitivit, and prototypicality, in addition to the application of the processes of metonymy and metaphor. The data analyzed were taken from Corpus Discurso & Gramatica – the spoken and written language in the city of Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998), composed of texts produced by high school students of the following type: first person narrative, third person narrative and telling of a process. As a result of this study, we see that there are diverse possibilities of analyzing transitivity taking into consideration the discursive manifestation of the verb. Clauses with fazer present syntactical-semantic-pragmatic variation which brings us to the conclusion that transitivity is much more a question of degree than steadfast rules or rigid formulas.


Objective: To explore the application of labor ball with guide clinical effect in the oxytocin induced labor. Methods: Choice in line with the allegations induced labor primipara 60 cases, divided into observation group and control group 30 cases each, in the process of the observation group of oxytocin induced labor give birth ball with guide nursing intervention, control group was not given nursing intervention. Observing two groups to observe effect of two groups of induced labor, the first labor time, pain degree, delivery way. Results: Observation group cesarean section rate and the labor time is lower than the control group, observation group than the control group can better pain relief, differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: Birth ball guide can effectively improve the success rate of oxytocin induced labor, effectively reduce the cesarean section rate, is worth promoting.


Veiled woman is a Liyan that she differently identic clothes on generally society, they are called veiled women. She get identity from another social groups, wherever veiled women become differently minority grup from another social groups. The different between behavior and attribute that is used to be oddish and different with social system. This research expalain about how is veiled women as liyan study of phenomology on veiled women community in Malang city. The purpose of this research are knowing and understanding about veiled women as liyan study of phenomology on veiled women community in Malang city. This research use qualitative approach with phenomology research model, to understand the procces how is veiled women as liyan and to describe deeper how veiled women as liyan. The used analizing theory based on researchers writen is phenomology creation of Alfred Scuhtzt which can explain the experience situaton of subject daily live. The research data obtained from observation, interview, and documentation to 9 selected research subject based on criteria of purposive sampling technique. That 9 research subject is veiled women who become member of veiled women community (NSM&ASM) in Malang city. This research result reveal three themes namely the process of choosing to be veiled, transformation of veiled women after wearing veil, and community of self defending (liyan). The result of research show that the process of subject experienced is self inducement , the interesting of watching behavior veiled women, also demand of family. That is making their internal and external experience change. Their internal experience change is language change in comunication with combination arabic and indonesian, at the same time the external change of subject experince is the change of people behavior around social environment of subject. Veiled women get liyan identity from society where liyan considered oddish and different to society. Therefore they make a community as social space that used to idea exchange, interaction, also to knowing another, that they can't get in social environment of subject.


This paper presents the results of the HDRC 2013 competition for recognition of handwritten digits organized in conjunction with ICDAR 2013. The general objective of this competition is to identify, evaluate and compare recent developments in character recognition and to introduce a new challenging dataset for benchmarking. We describe competition details including dataset and evaluation measures used, and give a comparative performance analysis of the nine (9) submitted methods along with a short description of the respective methodologies.


Alan Paton's wistful novel Cry, the Beloved Country which was released at the threshold of Apartheid in South Africa relates the South African socio-political instability at the time when racism and poverty are profoundly shaking the nation's foundations [1]. The work explores the aftermaths brought by racial bondage that the subjugated black endures and the repercussions it casts on the whole South African society. This chapter examines how the writer grapples with the dangers brought by racial discrimination and urban life on the South African community as a whole. Paton's view of Race and city projects a negative perception about the white racism and black crime that create tensions between the national forces [1]. This social polarity puts at risk the nation's prospects that would build and maintain the "beloved country" which is gradually collapsing. It is this decaying state of the nation that Paton mourns in the novel. The study establishes that race and skin color do not have any relation that would define an individual's nature and inner feelings to justify one's deportment. The wrong or the right is a result of an individual's moral predisposition coupled with the socio-cultural forces that feature his environment. It has also been noted that urban life corrupts; in some situations, it converts an individual into a rogue becoming a threat against society and an enemy against oneself to impair the common good.


The genetic diversity of the populations for three cultivated populations of Oncorhynchus mykiss(50 from each population) is investigated by using the technology of random amplify polymorphic DNA(RAPD) and SSR.The result of RAPD show that 14 RAPD primers totally amplify 259 bands,the percentages of polymorphic loci(P) are 46.5%,33.3% and 47.8% respectively.Shannon index of phenotypic diversity H0 and Shannon index of diversity H are 0.734 7,0.094 2,0.623 9,0.079 9,0.763 8,0.097 9 respectively;And 51~105 alleles are detected from 18 SSR primer pairs.The number of effective alleles Ne is 1.03~6.50,the average observed heterozygosity H0 for the three populations are 0.603,0.601,0.430,and the average expected heterozygosity He are 0.665,0.547,0.498 respectively.It is concluded from the present study that there exists high genetic diversity in the three populations of Oncorhynchus mykiss.The differentiation of the populations is remarkable,Gansu rainbow trout is a special population of Oncorhynchus mykiss.


Cantilever driving low frequency piezoelectric energy harvester (CANDLE) has been found as a promising structure for vibration energy harvesting. This paper presents the nonlinear output properties of the CANDLE to optimize the performance of the device. Simulation results of the finite element method illustrate that nonlinear contacts between the cymbal transducers and the cantilever beam are main reasons of the nonlinear output. However, high excitation acceleration of the nonlinear leap point limits the application of the device. Based on the simulation results and theory analysis, the excitation acceleration is reduced to 30 m/s2 by increasing the proof mass.


One factor that research has identified as a critical determinant of consumers' willingness to buy a new product or brand is the perceived risk associated with the purchase. Consequently, a better understanding of the factors affecting consumers' perceptions of the financial and performance risk entailed by the purchase of a new brand is of both theoretical and pragmatic importance. Previous research has suggested that a new product's price affects consumers' perceptions of risk. The current article extends and integrates previous research by proposing that the effect of price on consumers' perceptions of risk is moderated by two communication factors: message framing and source credibility. The results of an experiment support the predictions that the influence of price on consumers' perceptions of performance risk is greater when the message is framed negatively or the credibility of the source is low. In addition, the results support the prediction that the effect of price on consumers' perceptions of financial risk is greater when the message is framed positively.


A rule-based control and energy management strategy for a series hybrid vehicle is presented. The strategy is based on splitting the power demand between the engine and the battery such that these power sources are operated at high efficiency. The power demand is estimated as the output of a high gain PI controller that controls the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle. The focus was to improve the fuel economy of the vehicle by suitable power assignment to the power sources. This power split (assignment) is implemented under a rule-base frame. The rules depend on the values of selected variables: the power demand itself, the driver's acceleration command and the status of the SOC (state of charge) of the battery. The rules ensure that the engine and the battery operate at high efficiency whenever possible. At high power demand the engine will operate at its maximum rated power. Simulation results of the proposed strategy showed improvement in fuel economy over the "thermostat" strategy. An improvement of 11% in the urban cycle and of 6% in the highway cycle have been achieved for a series hybrid vehicle driven by a 40 KW diesel engine and a 60 kW lead acid battery.


This article reviews a classroom application titled "The Quest for Kudos Challenge," which is a long-term, multitask, large group competition to attain a reward that was designed to adhere to the recommendations for creating a cooperative learning experience while maintaining the elements of a constructive competition. The application was implemented in a course mid-semester, allowing for a comparison of the results before and after the introduction of the Kudos Challenge. Furthermore, the outcomes for the classes that participated in the Kudos Challenge are compared with classes from a previous semester that did not implement the application. Results show that students in the Kudos Challenge classes received higher exam scores, increased classroom participation, and made more voluntary contributions than the Comparison classes from the previous semester. Qualitative feedback from the Kudos classes was overwhelmingly positive. Furthermore, several positive instructor outcomes resulted from the implementation of the Kudos Challenge, including positive feedback from the students, colleagues, and school administrators; higher student evaluations; and an innovative teaching award.


This paper presented a detecting and tracking multiple motion objects method.The method designs dissimilar motion models for different objects which often merge and split each other in the surveillance video.The method based on hidden Markov measure field(HMMF) is robust for lost information.A simple and efficient calibration of monocular camera was also presented to get more accurate motion parameters.The simulation results show that the algorithm can successfully track objects even if the occlusion happens.


The main objective of this two part paper is to formulate and address the problem of distributed uplink resource allocation in multi-carrier cognitive rad io networks (CRN) with multiple Access Points (APs). When the APs operate on non-overlapping spectrum bands, such problem is essentially a joint spectrum decision and spectrum sharing problem. In this network, the cognitive users (CUs) are endowed with greater flexibility than the single AP network we consid ered in the first part of the paper [2]: they can optimize their uplink transmission rates by means of: 1) association to a suitable AP and 2) sharing the set of channels that belong to this AP with other CUs associated with this AP. Clearly these two steps are interdependent, and our objective is to devise suitable algorithms by which the CUs can perform these two steps in a distributed and efficient fashion. In the first part of this paper, we have studied solely the spec trum sharing aspect of the above problem, and proposed algorithms for the CUs in the single AP network to efficiently share the spectrum. In this second part of the paper, we build upon our previous understanding of the single AP network, and formulate the joint spectrum decision and spectrum sharing problem in a multiple AP network into a non-cooperative game, in which the feasible strategy of a player contains a discrete variable (the AP/spectrum decision) and a continuous vector (the power allocation among multiple channels). The structure of the game is hence very different from most non-cooperative spectrum management game proposed in the literature. We provide characterization of the Nash Equilibrium (NE) of this game, and


Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) numerical mode for broadband multimode KrF laser pump with optical breakdown has been built up in this paper. The basic premises of the mode are that KrF spectrum is composed of a number of lines and SBS arises from these lines with coupling to some extent. The broadband SBS threshold strongly depends on pump bandwidth. SBS and optical breakdown occur nearly simultaneously when broadband SBS and breakdown have the same threshold. The decrease of saturation reflectivity for broadband pump radiation is explained with this model. Experimental results agree well with the model.


Problem of influence of stream chopper (pulsator) for character of coal-dust mixture movement in a tube was considered. It was shown that this influence is determined by the x parameter which depends on the tube diameter, fluid viscosity and interruption frequency. When x>>1 expense pulsations is shifted by phase on half-cycle in regard to pressure pulsations. At the same time the influence of pulsator weakens at major frequencies. Narrow enough range exists in which pulsator influence for a stream is maximal and conditions of coal-dust torch ignition is optimal.


During the course of the 1980s three major 'anomalies' were observed in a number of countries, including in Japan, which threw doubt on the traditional macroeconomic models: 1. The apparent velocity decline in the quantity equation and the resulting instability of the money demand function; 2. unusually fast rises in asset prices that often came to be referred to as speculative bubbles and which could not be explained by standard asset pricing models; and 3. capital exports from Japan, which reached historic proportions in the mid-1980s, but collapsed in the early 1990s, and which could not be explained by traditional models. In this article I present a simple model that encompasses the standard theory as a special case and which simultaneously can account for the above three 'anomalies'. It is based on a 'quantity equation' of credit creation, which is disaggregated into credit for 'financial circulation' and credit for the 'real circulation'. It is shown that excessive credit creation for financial circulation is responsible for all three 'anomalies'. The model is supported in empirical tests using the general to specific econometric methodology and using Japanese data. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for monetary theory, future research and economic policy.


This study aims to determine the level of reliability of the gas engine, the root cause of the problem, and propose the implementation of preventive maintenance. Conduct this research on a company that provides electricity to the community. The research method uses Mixed Method with descriptive research type. The analytical tools used are MTBF, MTTR, DMAIC, with supporting methods in Root Cause Analysis and Why-why Analysis. The MTBF and MTTR calculations show that many MTBF and MTTR values do not reach the target. The root causes of downtime problems include dust and dirt—implementation of preventive maintenance including Maintenance Schedule. Thus the company needs to measure Gas Engine Reliability with MTBF, MTTR, root causes of problems with DMAIC, and Preventive Maintenance to reduce downtime in the future


chooses to focus on an explanation of the collapse in terms of the properties underlying the situation that are necessary for the event to occur. The formal model is framed on two hierarchical levels, the level of the ceremonial center and its immediate hinterland, and above that the state system as a whole. Simulation on the local level shows how marginality/instability worsened as population growth and managerial demands increased disproportionately to available resources, ultimately amplifying initial shortages to the point of general collapse. Here Lowe divides population into age groups to examine both the tendency of a growing population to overshoot carrying capacity as well as the dynamic balance between population, managerial capacity, availability of labor, and food supply. The second level is that of a "system of states" comprising the entire Maya Lowlands. This conceptualization enables modeling the condition under which collapse could be effectively transmitted between centers. The model used to simulate transmission is analogous to one used in mathematical epidemiology where there is a population of susceptibles (marginally stable, but still viable sites), a population of infectives (sites in crisis mode with severe food shortages and population loss), and a population of deceased (the number of sites already collapsed). Central in this is a collapse diffusion threshold, below which the system is stable and above which failure occurs as collapse is transmitted from one site to another faster than it can recover. Thus, when a critical mass of unstable polities had been reached, collapse could spread rapidly by raiding between centers for crucial resources wherein a negative-sum game would prevail, progressively destabilizing the system year by year. Added to that would be population displacement that would overload agricultural resources of other regions as well as disrupt trade. The dense, yet dispersed settlement pattern would also be a liability, since labor and resources allocated for defense would be removed from the productive sector. Finally in this downward spiral Lowe sees a synergistic effect between the slow encroachment of nonClassic Maya peoples and internal chaos. Thus, in the formal model there are really two important thresholds: (1) an impact threshold on the local level to describe the effects of resource shortages; and (2) identifying the point at which the entire system of states becomes destabilized. The value of Lowe's contribution lies in exploring the processes operative and interaction of variables between the two levels, especially in terms of interpreting the present data base and potential for future research. What is unclear, however, is the relation between breakdown of hierarchical political organization and the drastic, long-term population loss. With abrupt decline in administrative authority we might expect reorientation of trade, increase of mortality rates, and temporary decrease in overall socioeconomic complexity. All these happened, of course, but on a scale far more pervasive and long lasting than can be explained by disintegration of political authority. A model that accommodated this in addition to other factors might yield greater insights into the underlying nature of the collapse. Navajo Land Use: An Ethnoarchaeological Study. KLARA B. KELLEY. Academic Press, Orlando, 1986. xvi + 233 pp., figures, tables, appendices, references, index. $24.95 (paper); $52.50 (cloth).


The GPML toolbox is an Octave 3.2.x and Matlab 7.x implementation of inference and prediction in Gaussian process (GP) models. It implements algorithms discussed in Rasmussen & Williams: Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning , the MIT press, 2006 and Nickisch & Rasmussen: Approximations for Binary Gaussian Process Classification , JMLR, 2008. The strength of the function lies in its flexibility, simplicity and extensibility. The function is flexible as firstly it allows specification of the properties of the GP through definition of mean function and covariance functions. Secondly, it allows specification of different inference procedures, such as e.g. exact inference and Expectation Propagation (EP). Thirdly it allows specification of likelihood functions e.g. Gaussian or Laplace (for regression) and e.g. cumulative Logistic (for classification). Simplicity is achieved through a single function and compact code. Extensibility is ensured by modular design allowing for easy addition of extension for the already fairly extensive libraries for inference methods, mean functions, covariance functions and likelihood functions. This document is a technical manual for a developer containing many details. If you are not yet familiar with the GPML toolbox, the user documentation and examples therein are a better way to get started.


The purpose of work is to develop circuits of switching elements of system with parallel adjustment. The objects of the research are switching blocks and switching cells of switching system using parallel search of communication channels. The developed function circuits of switching elements allow to realize algorithm of adjustment of switching system when the process of establishment of connections occurs on the background of the information transfer. The method of parallel search of communication channels, realized in the switchboard, allows to make the process of parallel establishment of connections together with the information transfer due to that capacity of computing systems grows in 2-3 times.


We propose a new waiting time metric for call centers that circumvents some of the problems that the standard way of defining service level has. As any other department in a company the performance of a call center is measured by looking at certain performance indicators (PIs). In the case of a call or contact center they are usually related to agent effectiveness and efficiency and to customer satisfaction. The most common PIs are agent productivity (what percentage of time is the agent handling calls, i.e., not available to take new calls), the fraction of abandonments (which percentage of callers abandons while waiting, thus before speaking to an agent), and what is often called the service level (SL): the percentage of callers that has to wait shorter than a specified amount of time (called the acceptable waiting time, or AWT). Taking this waiting time metric means making several choices: how many seconds waiting is acceptable, how should I count callers that abandon, which percentage is acceptable. A discussion on how to make these choices can be found in Cleveland & Mayben [1, p. 33–40]. In this paper we pose ourselves the question: is the percentage of callers that has to wait shorter than a specified amount of time (the service level) the right PI to measure customer satisfaction, i.e., is this the right waiting time metric? The reason to pose this question is the fact that it has two major disadvantages: The SL gives no information on how long callers that have exceeded the AWT still have to wait; The SL stimulates managers to give priority to callers who have not yet reached the AWT, thereby increasing even more the waiting time of callers that have waited longer than the AWT. Thus we have no information on callers that passed the AWT and we are stimulated not to care about them. Let us illustrate both disadvantages in a numerical way. We consider a call center with a single type of calls, Poisson arrivals and service times (talk time plus wrap up) that are approximately exponentially distributed. Callers are served in the order of arrival. This situation can be modeled by the Erlang C queueing system. The arrival rate is λ, the average service time is β = μ−1 (both counted in minutes), and there are s servers or agents. The AWT is usually 20 seconds, thus 1/3 minute. We


Four extract prepared by using different solvents in their increasing order of polarity. All extracts were screened for the presence of a number of medicinally active compounds. Petroleum ether and n-hexane extracts showed presence of lignan while 70% methanol and water extracts dissolves moderately polar glycosidic components of plants identified as antheracene derivatives, coumarins, flavonoids,phenolic acids, different terpenoids, etc. The results obtained in present investigation revealed great potential for production of lignan, there remains a need for identification and confirmation of specific lignan.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe Bank of America Merrill Lynch's returning‐talent program, introduced as the company wanted to find a way to tap into the talent pool of people who have taken time out of work to care for family members.Design/methodology/approach – The paper explains the reasons for the program, the form it takes and the results it has achieved.Findings – The paper reveals that, as a lack of confidence can be a barrier for mothers returning to work, the bank wanted a program, which helped them to realize that their previous experience is valuable and relevant. It also wanted mothers to embrace the new skills they have likely acquired, as running a family and home combines many management, budgeting and often diplomacy skills.Practical implications – The paper explains that the three‐day workshop helps participants to identify their strengths, motivation and newly‐developed skills; contains exercises to help to develop an action plan for returning to work; and provides pra...


ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1 1.1 Fatty acids and plant lipids 1 1.2 Plant lipid biosynthesis 2 1.2.1 de novo fatty acid biosynthesis 2 1.2.2 Fatty acid termination, desaturation and transport 3 1.2.3 Glycerolipid synthesis 5 1.2.4 Biosynthesis of storage TAGs 5 18.104.22.168 Overview of TAG synthesis 5 188.8.131.52 The pathways of TAG synthesis 6 22.214.171.124 Polyunsaturation 6 188.8.131.52 Formation of oil bodies 7 1.2.5 Other uses of the acyl-CoA pool 7 1.3 Roles of LACS enzymes in fatty acid metabolism 8 1.3.1 Biochemical role of LACS enzymes 8 1.3.2 LACS gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana 8 184.108.40.206 Phylogenetic analysis 9 220.127.116.11 Biological functions of LACS enzymes in Arabidopsis 12 1.4 Thesis objectives 14 1.4.1 Research hypotheses 15 1.4.2 Project goals 16 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS 17


I am a genuine Depression child, born according to a reliable family tradition around three o'clock of the afternoon on Thursday, 5 November 1931.

This piece of oral testimony is corroborated by an advertisement in the following morning's West Australian: • Bolton (nee Ransley). On November 5, to Frank and Win at Nurse Harvey's Hospital, . Bulwer-street, Perth, a son (Geoffrey Curgenven). Both well.


Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a natural bioactive lipid with growth factor-like functions due to activation of a series of six G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1–6). LPA receptor type 1 (LPA1) signaling influences the pathophysiology of many diseases including cancer, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, as well as lung, liver and kidney fibrosis. Therefore, LPA1 is an attractive therapeutic target. However, most mammalian cells co-express multiple LPA receptors whose co-activation impairs the validation of target inhibition in patients because of missing LPA receptor-specific biomarkers. LPA1 is known to induce IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, as also do LPA2 and LPA3. In this work, we first determined the LPA induced early-gene expression profile in three unrelated human cancer cell lines expressing different patterns of LPA receptors (PC3: LPA1,2,3,6; MDA-MB-231: LPA1,2; MCF-7: LPA2,6). Among the set of genes upregulated by LPA only in LPA1-expressing cells, we validated by QPCR and ELISA that upregulation of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) was inhibited by LPA1–3 antagonists (Ki16425, Debio0719). Upregulation and downregulation of HB-EGF mRNA was confirmed in vitro in human MDA-B02 breast cancer cells stably overexpressing LPA1 (MDA-B02/LPA1) and downregulated for LPA1 (MDA-B02/shLPA1), respectively. At a clinical level, we quantified the expression of LPA1 and HB-EGF by QPCR in primary tumors of a cohort of 234 breast cancer patients and found a significantly higher expression of HB-EGF in breast tumors expressing high levels of LPA1. We also generated human xenograph prostate tumors in mice injected with PC3 cells and found that a five-day treatment with Ki16425 significantly decreased both HB-EGF mRNA expression at the primary tumor site and circulating human HB-EGF concentrations in serum. All together our results demonstrate that HB-EGF is a new and relevant biomarker with potentially high value in quantifying LPA1 activation state in patients receiving anti-LPA1 therapies.


Omeprazole heals most duodenal ulcers after 4 weeks of treatment but relapse is common. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is associated with reduced rate of ulcer relapse. This study investigates the effect of omeprazole with antibiotics in H. pylori‐associated duodenal ulceration. Forty‐three patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer and H. pylori entered this study. Treatment consisted of 20 mg omeprazole daily (four weeks) and seven days (first week) treatment with 400 mg metronidazole t.d.s. and 500 mg tetracycline t.d.s. Four weeks after completing the treatment, 81 % (35143) had a healed duodenal ulcer, and 58% (25/43) had H. pylori eradication. In those who healed, at one year 21 remained H. pylori‐negative, 12 had persistent H. pylori infection and 2 had re‐infection. The ulcer relapse rate at one year was 26%: of the 9 who relapsed, 6 had persistent infection, 2 were re‐infected, and only 1 was H. pylori‐negative.


Rates of oxygen consumption were measured in eggs, embryos, and neonates, as well as in adults of Daphnia magna with or without their broods. There was no detectable energetic cost of carrying a brood, and there was no apparent effect of brooding on the respiration of eggs and 1–2-d-old embryos. The respiration rates of eggs and early embryos were only about a third of those of neonates and adults and thus accounted for very little respiration in brooding females.


IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED BREAST CANCER PATIENTS WHO ARE THOUGHT TO BE CANDIDATES FOR LUMPECTOMY SURGERY, mammography and clinical breast examination often do not depict the full extent of cancer. While MRI has been shown to be highly sensitive in depicting the full extent of tumor, many noncancerous lesions also appear suspicious. Recently, there has been a push toward a new alternative, which has been shown in studies to be as effective, if not more so, than MRI. Positron emission mammography (PEM) is a high-resolution imaging technique performed with a dedicated breast PET scanner. In 1993, Christopher J. Thompson, DSc, introduced PEM technology with two flat detectors, which were positioned on either side of a compressed breast. He found high-count efficiency due to the proximity of the detectors to the target organ and small volume of attenuating distance between the detectors. This resulted in improved spatial resolution compared to whole-body PET (WBPET) using iterative limited angle reconstruction techniques. Initial imaging was performed with the device mounted on a stereotactic table, which permitted good X-ray correlation of findings, but had the limitation of poor visualization of posterior breast tissue. The second-generation scanner was a freestanding device, which resembles a small mammography unit on wheels and a computer acquisition station. The two detectors are made of 2000 lutetium-containing photo detection crystals, which are mounted in the compression paddles. During image acquisition, the detectors move within the paddles, acquiring coincident counts. The user has the ability to select the travel distance of the detectors to customize the breast coverage. This becomes important as PEM biopsy is performed. Three-dimensional data is collected and an iterative reconstruction provides a composite image, as well as 12 tomographic images with each slice having the thickness corresponding to the compression distance divided by 12. At a review workstation, distance measurements, region-of-interest (ROI), standardized uptake values (SUV) analysis, and variable image display capabilities exist. THE PRINCIPLES OF PEM IMAGING Cancer cells have certain biological features, such as abnormal glucose metabolism, abnormal cell proliferation, hypoxia, and abnormal cell perfusion. This abnormal metabolic activity is used to evaluate the accumulation of F-18 bound to fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) within the cells. This glucose analog is trapped within the cells and not metabolized, causing accumulation of the radioisotope within the cell. PEM is designed to visualize and measure this accumulation. The F-18 in FDG decays by positron emission with a half-life of 110 minutes. During this process, there is an annihilation of the positron by an electron, creating two 511 keV gamma rays emitted in opposite directions, which are then detected by photon detectors. PET and PEM use similar imaging principles; however, the camera used for PEM has been optimized to be able to detect especially small breast cancers.


Objective To determine the effect of DNCB in the Nc/Nga mice and to explore the ways of establishing AD models.Methods DNCB was repeatedly applied to the ear of NC /Nga mice.Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions were evaluated by ear thickness,skin histology and immunological parameters.Results Repeated application of DNCB caused rapid increase in ear thickness.Clinical and histological symptoms(dermal and epidermal thickening,hyperkeratosis,parakeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration) in this model were very similar to those in human atopic dermatitis.Serum IgE and IL-4 levels were elevated in this model compared with normal mice.Conclusions These results suggest that our model is useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.


At the present time there appears to be much confusion in the classification and identification of the lactobacilli, particularly with reference to L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus. During recent years these two species have received a considerable amount of study from research workers in this field, and several tests have been advocated as aids in the identification of typical strains of these bacteria. Morphologically and culturally. L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus are quite similar; however, there exist marked physiological differences between them. Strains of true L. bulgaricus do not attack maltose, sucrose, and unheated levulose (Kulp and Rettger, 1924) while all strains of true L. acidophilus are able to ferment these sugars, producing acid without gas. The first named species will live in the intestine of man and warm-blooded animals when these subjects are given a diet which is high in lactose or dextrin content. On the contrary, under similar conditions L. bulgaricus is killed by passage through the digestive tract (Hull and Rettger, 1914; Rahe, 1915; Kulp 1926). Albus and Holm (1926), and, since then, Kopeloff and Beerman (1927), have reported that L. acidophilus will grow at lower surface tensions than will L. bulgaricus. Day and Gibbs (1928) disagree with the conclusions that these species may be differentiated from each other by surface tension methods, and claim that whatever differences are obtained may be ascribed to varying toxic action. Unfortunately for the taxonomist and laboratory worker, there are members of this genus which appear to lie midway 355


Taxonomies of green political theories have so far been hampered by the shortcomings inherent to their having been designed on the basis of (a selection of) popular theorists or of theories known or thought to exist. In this article, I offer a new approach: a systematic, analytical taxonomy of green ideas rather than theories. I distinguish the issues or dimensions on which green theorists can choose positions at metaphysical, ethical, political and policy levels. It is hoped that this taxonomy can both open up new avenues of green thought and help political theorists and empirical scientists in designing and evaluating their characterizations of green beliefs and ideologies.


Shade selection plays an important role in esthetic dentistry. Modern dentistry has various methods of shade selection, such as visual, digital, and polarized filter methods. Hence, our aim of this study was to determine which of the three named methods was more accurate for shade selection in aesthetic dentistry, and study objectives of the study were to assess the shade of a maxillary central incisor by visual, digital and polarized filter method and to find out which is more suited for shade selection. This clinical observational (analytical, cross-sectional, and descriptive) study was conducted at Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah. A total of 80 participants were selected randomly. For each all the participants, shade selection was performed by visual, digital, and polarized filter methods. SPSS version 21 was used to perform the statistical analysis. A Chi-square test was applied for qualitative variables to find the association. The level of significance is set at 0.05. Among the participants, 52 (65.0%) participants were female, (35.0%) participants were male, and the minimum age of them was 20, whereas the maximum ages were 50. Among the population pool of the study, 52 (65%) and 28 (35%) participants were female and male, respectively. The minimum age of the participants was 20, and the maximum was 50 years. The study results showed that a polarized filter shade selection method was the most accurate among the three methods of shade selection. It is recommended to select a shade for the esthetic procedures by combining visual, digital, and polarizing filter methods to get accurate shade. It should be added as a part of the curriculum, and emphasis should be given to the various techniques of shade selection.


Individual (RP)- and (SP)-enantiomers of planar-chiral (7,8-dicarba-nido-undecaboran-7-yl)acetic acid were obtained for the first time by deboronation of the derivatives of achiral (1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl)acetic acid containing residues of natural amino acids and...


abstract :This article traces the origins of the Huntington Library's Californiana collections. While some accounts claim that Henry Huntington overlooked California in pursuing his interest in British and Anglo-American history and literature, the author evidences Mr. Huntington's early and steadfast interest in collecting books and documents on early California. After his death, the library staff continued his commitment. In the 1930s the library promoted Lindley D. Bynum to develop the institution's Californiana holdings. By 1941 he had established the Huntington Library as a leading repository and research facility in California history.


In order to relieve the pressure of railroad logistics system,Laiwu Steel built running track between the production line of big H section steel area and Yan Zhuang station,extension reformed the Yan Zhuang station and Xujia Zhuang station,and opened Yan Zhuang stands as its second hand-over station.At the same time,it developed automation control system,the intelligent track management system of the rolling stock and the intelligent management system of the road bureau vehicle in and out from different station,realizing short process economy high-effect railroad logistics.