The persistence literature in economics and related disciplines connects recent outcomes to events long ago. Although this influential literature is promising, it raises serious questions about how to distinguish deep causal factors that persist across time from alternative explanations derived from the rapidly changing historical context or misuse of historical sources. We discuss two prominent examples that ground the rise of the Nazi Party in distant historical roots. Several econometric, analytical, and historical errors undermine the papers' contention that deeply rooted culture and social capital fuelled the Nazi rise. The general lesson for persistence studies is that beyond careful econometrics and serious consideration of underlying mechanisms (including formal theory), they must pay scrupulous attention to the historical context and the limitations of historical data. Reference Details CWPE 2271 Published 12 December 2022 Revised 24 June 2023


As a newly service department of national economy, logistics has been developing dramatically in China. But due to late start, there still exists problems such as backwardness of idea, lack of professionals, low level of informationization and technical skills, and so on. This paper proposes, the connotation and coverage of logistics should be expanded, thus approaching the development in scale and with the characters of standardization and informationization.


The invention relates, firstly, a method for determining the resistivity of an underground formation surrounding a cased borehole (22), comprising: - passing a current along a first and a second portions of the casing spaced apart by an intermediate zone and measuring the voltages (V (M1, N1), V (M3, N2)); - measuring the voltages (V (M1, M2), V (M2, M3)) between each of the casing and a point of the intermediate zone; and - using the measured voltages to derive the resistivity (Rt) of the formation; and, secondly, a logging tool (20) comprising a body having first and second portions ((M1, N1, (M3, N2)) separated by an intermediate zone (M1, M3), wherein: the first and second body portions each include a current source (I1, I2) and a voltage control device, and the intermediate zone comprises intermediate voltage control devices .


Simple Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacteriological quality of sheep milk produced by four farms in Eastern Hungary. In addition to individual raw milk and bulk tank milk samples, the udder surface of ewes was also tested for bacterial counts. A total of 164 samples were collected during regular milking sessions. The results showed that bulk tank milk samples contained up to 10,000 times as many bacteria as did their individual raw milk counterparts. The mean concentrations of bacteria in bulk tank milk on two farms exceeded regulatory limits. Additional research needs to be done to clarify this. Abstract The primary purpose of this research was to examine the bacteriological properties of raw ovine milk produced by Merino, Tsigai, Dorper, Lacaune, and British Milk Sheep flocks on four sheep farms located in the eastern part of Hungary. In addition to individual raw milk (IRM) and bulk tank milk (BTM) samples, the udder surface (US) of ewes was also tested for bacteriological quality. A total of 77 US, 77 IRM, and 10 BTM samples were collected in the early morning during regular milking sessions. The samples, kept cooled at temperatures below 4 °C, were delivered to the microbiological laboratory and were examined immediately. The relatively low numbers of bacteria in both US and IRM samples reflected good housing conditions of ewes kept on the four farms studied. However, BTM samples had up to 3.5–4.0 log10 CFU/mL higher mean bacterial counts than their IRM counterparts, and the mean levels of bacteria in BTM on two farms even exceeded the regulatory limit of 6.18 log10 CFU/mL. Further studies need to be performed to clarify this issue.


Three monoterpene alkaloids amycolasporin A and (±) amycolasporins B and C have been synthesized for the first time from commercially available materials in yields of 31%, 14% and 21%, respectively. Their six analogues (18, 19, 30a and 30d-30f) were synthesized through a similar protocol. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity of all synthesized molecules was evaluated, showing different levels of bioactivity. Among them, analogue 30d was screened as the most effective antibacterial candidate against E. coli (MIC value, 12.5 μg mL-1) and S. aureus (MIC value, 12.5 μg mL-1). Further investigation showed that 30d obviously inhibited biofilm formation and disrupted the preformed biofilm of E. coli and S. aureus by promoting intracellular ROS release.


INTRODUCTION: Nanotechnology and nanosciences have emerged as the leading technological field of the XXI century. However, their contributions to the information sciences and the properties of their journals have been occluded by the vast amount of technical results of this data-intensive scientific field, in spite of its development as research field. PURPOSE: To describe the development of the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology from the bibliometric perspective from its journals indexed in the Pubmed, Scopus and WoS databases, and their contribution to the field of Information Science. METHODOLOGY: The timeline of related MeSH descriptors in Pubmed was established, journal obsolescence of the leading journals in WoS analyzed and the specialized journals in Scopus studied for basic output and citation indicators. The scientific production in Pubmed in the period 2000-2015 was analyzed by clustering and mapping techniques by using VOSviewer 1.6.2. The top cited literature in 2014 and 2015 was also analyzed for emerging trends. RESULTS: The bottom-up approach prevailed on the descriptor evolution as observed in MeSH. The most inclusive terms for the research output were nanomaterial and nanostructure. Nano journals consolidated in the first decade of the XXI century, contributing with new article types and half the obsolescence of normal science journals, with a well-represented ecosystem. Subject clusters were established in the 2000-2015 period, together with developments relevant for Information Science. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide strategies to systematically analyze future developments on nanoscience and nanotechnology.


The article discloses the main ways of estimation of a teacher's professional activity. Among the existing approaches we can single out the following: structural, functional, activity-personal, task-oriented. Their advantage consists in the possibility of doing careful analysis of the structure, functions, teaching skills and, finally, pedagogical activity in general.


After "perestroika" and "glasnost", the fashionable term in discussions of East-West relations for the last few years has been "joint ventures". To date the volume of analysis of this phenomenon has far exceeded results. Nevertheless, Poland's business and government community has tried its best to push this form of economic cooperation with the West and it will most likely play a significant part in changes in the local economy. This paper will review the current structure for foreign investment including Poland's new joint venture legislation, will reflect on the significance of over one hundred joint ventures with permits as of April 1989, and will suggest changes that can be made to improve foreign interest and investment in Poland.


Exploration for oil-gas structures is being carried out on the southeast flank of the Russian platform and in the Yuryuzano-Sylven and Bel'sk depressions of the Cis-Ural foreland downwarp. The traps here are generally small and complicated. As a rule they are associated with buried valleys and channels of paleo-rivers and erosional-karst forms of the pre-Neogene relief. Such areas are characterized by intense wave interference, and standard seismic surveying is commonly unsatisfactory. Use of the common depth point method has opened a new stage in the study of the region. Both depth of penetration and detail are significantly greater. In the southeast part of the Russian platform in Bashkiria, oil and gas pools are associated with reefs, graben and horst structures, and gentle anticlines. Regional exploration programs combining common depth point seismic surveying with deep drilling have led to discovery of several pools of hydrocarbons in complex traps. See Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Fig. map the Upper Devonian-Tournaisian reef, which was prepared for drilling by the common depth point method. The dimensions of the uplift on reflecting horizon U are 5 by 2 km, and the amplitude is 30-40 m. Carbonates of the Tournaisian and Upper Devonian are productive here. The oil column is about 250 m high. In discovery well 17 five objectives were tested; yields were 55-377 m 3 per day. The drilling data are in good agreement with the seismic Common depth point surveying has established a new type of platform structure, horst-like uplifts, in the clastic formations of the Devonian. These are complicated by bioherms in the higher-occurring sediments and by the presence of grabens in between. Mapping of


Independent results for vapor nucleation rates illustrate the nucleation rates inconsistencies for identical vapor-gas systems at the same conditions. Nature of these inconsistencies is not yet understood enough. Assumption is discussed that a reason for the experimental data inconsistencies is appeared in the result of the carrier gas effects on nucleation. It was supposed for a long time that any carrier gas is an ambient atmosphere to keep the nucleation temperature only. The recent experimental results have shown that a vapor-gas nucleation needs to be treated in approximation of binary solutions, i. e. a composition axis is appeared in addition to axes of nucleation rate versus pressure. Each single line of a nucleation rate isotherm is transformed to surface in a three dimensional space of nucleation parameters. Flow diffusion chamber and expansion Wilson type set up data comparison are discussed on the example of the published empirical data. It was shown using a model system that these two experimental realizations produce the inconsistent trajectories in the space of nucleation parameters. That misfit induces the different origin data inconsistencies and demonstrates relevance of gas treatment as an individual component of a nucleating vapor-gas system.


Background:  Monitoring of the allergen sensitivity of a patient is most important for optimal patient care and a basic prerequisite for immunomodulating treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate how basophil allergen sensitivity can be applied in the monitoring of anti‐immunoglobulin E (IgE) treatment.


We report the world's first receiver optical sub-assembly equipped with 25G burstmode TIA which is applicable for 50G-EPON OLT transceiver. We demonstrate its 25G/10G dual-rate burst-mode receiver characteristics.


A controversial aspect of the Pliocene climate system is a posited permanent sea surface temperature (SST) distribution resembling that during El Niño events, which is largely inferred from sea surface temperatures reconstructed from several sites in the equatorial Pacific. We utilize a reduced‐dimension methodology on a compilation of previously published multiproxy (Mg/Ca, Uk′37, TEX86, and foraminifer assemblages) Pliocene SST records from the equatorial Pacific to reconstruct spatial and temporal snapshots of SST anomalies and a time series of Niño indices from 5 to 1 Ma. The use of multiple proxies increases the number of study sites and thereby improves the robustness of the reconstruction. We find that the early Pliocene equatorial Pacific was characterized by a reduced zonal SST difference due to minimal change in the west and extreme warmth in the east which peaked at 4.3 Ma. The intensity of this mean El Niño‐like SST state then gradually diminished toward modern conditions. We also use the Pliocene Niño 4 time series to estimate the past strength of Indian Summer Monsoon given the modern correlation of it to the Niño 4 index. Results indicate the monsoon was weaker throughout the study interval with weakest conditions (~37% less rainfall than modern) occurring at 4.3 Ma, congruent with regional proxy records. In summation, this reduced‐dimension approach spatially and temporally resolves the warm mean state of the Pliocene equatorial Pacific and has numerous applications to inferences of paleoclimate conditions in distal regions teleconnected to El Niño today.


Based on real-time collection methods of parameters from the shield tunnel construction and environmental monitoring data,the web-based remote monitoring system was constructed.With the use of ASP.NET technology,the system is designed by B/S mode to seek to maximize "thin client" objectives.In the process of data acquisition,processing and analysis,pattern recognition according to construction mechanics is used in deep analysis of the collected data.The system achieves dynamic display of remote real-time monitoring and the analysis results can reflect risks in construction.


This paper tests multitask agency theory in which the agent has multi-dimensional tasks and both an undistorted and a distorted performance measure are available for contracting. Accounting earnings is modeled as a distorted performance measure and stock returns as an undistorted measure. First, I demonstrate that the marginal products of CEOs' earnings management actions with respect to accounting earnings, in general, are not equal to the marginal products of their earnings management actions with respect to stock returns. In doing so, I provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that accounting earnings is a distorted performance measure and CEOs' earnings management actions are a major source of the distortion. This distortion measure is then used to investigate cross-sectional variation in the relative sensitivity of CEO compensation to accounting earnings. I find that the weight placed on accounting earnings, relative to stock returns, in CEO compensation decreases as earnings distortion increases. Overall, the results provide evidence consistent with multitask agency theory, which predicts that optimal compensation contracts put less weight on the distorted performance measure as its distortion increases in order to improve the efficiency of CEOs' effort allocation across tasks.


We explored the hydrologic and ecological responses of a headwater mountain catchment, Loch Vale watershed, to climate change and doubling of atmospheric CO2 scenarios using the Regional Hydro‐Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys). A slight (2°C) cooling, comparable to conditions observed over the past 40 years, led to greater snowpack and slightly less runoff, evaporation, transpiration, and plant productivity. An increase of 2°C yielded the opposite response, but model output for an increase of 4°C showed dramatic changes in timing of hydrologic responses. The snowpack was reduced by 50%, and runoff and soil water increased and occurred 4–5 weeks earlier with 4°C warming. Alpine tundra photosynthetic rates responded more to warmer and wetter conditions than subalpine forest, but subalpine forest showed a greater response to doubling of atmospheric CO2 than tundra. Even though water use efficiency increased with the double CO2 scenario, this had little effect on basin‐wide runoff because the catchment is largely unvegetated. Changes in winter and spring climate conditions were more important to hydrologic and vegetation dynamics than changes that occurred during summer.


Essentials There is still a need for novel therapeutic approaches for hemophilia A patients with inhibitors. A factor VIII domain was used as the targeting moiety for elimination of FVIII‐specific B cells. The immunodominant C2 domain was fused to exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (hC2‐ETA). Murine C2 domain‐specific B cells were selectively and efficiently eliminated by hC2‐ETA ex vivo.


The utility model relates to a machine tool (1) for cutting a work piece (8), which comprises a work piece bearing device (5), moving devices (7a to 7c) and a detection unit (14). The work piece bearing device is used for supporting the work piece (8) in a machine plane (X,Y) to machine a cutter, and especially a laser cutting head (4) is used for cutting the work piece (8) to form a notch (13) on the work piece (8). The moving devices use a sensor, especially a distance sensor (15) which is arranged at the potion where the notch (13) is formed through the work piece (8) supported on the work piece bearing device (5). The detection unit (14) is used for passing by the work piece (8) to detect whether the work piece (8) is completely cut off or not at a region where the notch (13) is formed.


The work described in this paper is part of a large, Government-funded investigation into the usage of statistical methods of quality control (SQC) in British manufacturing industry. This paper reports the results of an investigation of fifteen firms which claimed in earlier work to be successful users of SQC. It is shown that six of the companies were in fact not regularly using recognized SQC techniques. Some general conclusions are drawn from the activities of these, and the remaining nine companies which were examined in detail.


Up (2009) is a delightful cinematic experience using animation to offer colorful landscapes, captivating perspectives (such as a house floating through a city), and a plot that is engaging with enough fantasy and reality to appeal to viewers of all ages. The strength of the movie rests on the intergenerational connection between the two protagonists. Carl, a retired balloon salesman, is confronted with developers who want to tear down the house that he and his wife, Ellie, had fixed up and lived in for many years. While going through his belongings, Carl comes across his deceased wife's My Adventure Book and recalls his childhood promise to take her to Paradise Falls in South America. Carl devises a unique strategy to float his house, by use of balloons, out of the city rather than let others determine his future. Russell, an 8-yearold, bumbling Wilderness Explorer, first makes Carl's acquaintance wanting to do some service for him to earn his "helping the elderly" badge. Russell becomes an unintended stowaway on the house as it is lifted up and away. The relationship between Carl and Russell begins as an unwanted partnership and eventually blossoms into one of cooperation and understanding. As the house sails over the countryside, it is caught in a storm and miraculously lands on a plateau in sight of Paradise Falls. As Carl and Russell pull the floating house across the cliffs toward the falls, they encounter a rare, 13-foot-tall flightless bird that Russell names Kevin. It turns out that this bird is being hunted by Charles Muntz, a famous explorer (now old) who was discredited years ago when colleagues questioned his finding of a new species (i.e., Kevin). The relationship between the protagonists deepens when Russell confesses he needs the badge to complete the final requirement to become a senior Wilderness Explorer so his father, who is often "away," would come to the recognition ceremony. It becomes apparent that Russell is reaching out for a bond with the older man. In one touching scene, Russell recounts getting ice cream with his dad and playing a counting cars game. He sadly exclaims, "It might sound boring, but I think the boring stuff is the stuff I remember the most." This intergenerational exchange captures a major message of the movie: cherish the little joys in life. Here begins a transformation


To investigate the potential mechanism of the key elements involved in virulence,the RNA interference vector of Rho GTPase activator gene of Penicillium marneffei was constructed.The RNA interference vector contained xylose-specific promoter known as xylP,and 550 bp coding sequence of reporter gene was inserted in inverted repeats of the Rho GTPase activator gene of interest.Then colonies were selected by Bleomycin resistant gene after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.The expression of the Rho GTPase activator gene was decreased to 17% by Real-time quantitative PCR analysis,with phenotypic consequences similar to that of gene disruption.


The work of the author was carried out in the laboratory of the clinic of nervous diseases under the guidance of prof. L.O.Darkshevich. An extensive work, embracing 18 printed sheets, is divided into 4 chapters. In the first chapter, a detailed sketch of the literature is presented, introducing the modern state of science about the connections and pathways of the cerebellum. The second chapter contains a description of the anatomical structure of the cerebellum based on the author's own research. In the third chapter, the setting of experiments is described, methods of investigation are described, and their own data obtained experimentally are given. The fourth chapter is devoted to the analysis of all the factual material and the general conclusions following from it.


Dracaena sanderiana is an ornamental plant from tropical West Africa and well known in Brazil as a tropical garden species. According to local producers it is the most frequently sold ornamental plant in Bahia State. During surveys…


When discussing the issues of sustainable development of cross-border regions, it is necessary to take into account the socio-psychological background, including the quality of the national character of the main contacting ethnic groups. The article discusses some of the character traits of the titular people of the Republic of Buryatia, who could contribute to the creation of a sustainable development territory in the republic. Particular, the paper focuses on a developed ecological culture and a complex of cognitive qualities. Interethnic harmony, as an attribute of sustainable development, was formed and maintained in the region due to the qualities of the characters of the people in contact, including peacefulness, openness, hospitality, and other features of the Buryat character.


lized cedema. Treated with choline and methionine by mouth and plasma transfusions with no improvement. August 1949: (Edema relieved by mechanical drainage. Following this the skin improved and the oedema returned in lesser degree. October 1949: Small hxmatemesis. Developed tense ascites. Present condition.-Marked wasting. Skin shows large degree of recovery but there is marked pigmentation; tense ascites. lnvestigations.-26.5.49: Liver biopsy-perilobular fatty infiltration. 22.7.49: Estimation of daily loss of protein through skin 19-3 grammes (average). 26.7.49: Plasma proteins total 4-9 grammes% (albumin 1 95, globulin 2 95). 24.11.49: Barium meal showed large filling defect of fundus of stomach. This is a case of idiopathic exfoliative dermatitis with unusual features. The generalized cedema developed after the dermatitis had been present for some months. Associated with this was a plasma protein level found to be consistently low during the period of observation. It was thought that loss of protein by skin exfoliation and exudation might account for the lowered plasma proteins. This loss was measured and found to be 19-3 grammes of protein per day. A liver biopsy showed perilobular fatty infiltration. The following explanations of this finding have been considered: (1) That the liver change was primary. (2) That the skin and liver changes were due to a common toxic factor. (3) That the liver changes were secondary to the skin condition due to the production by the skin of a toxic substance of the same sort as has been postulated to account for the liver changes in burns. (4) That the oils and ointments applied to the inflamed skin were absorbed, giving rise to a lipemia with fat deposition in the liver. A filling defect in the stomach revealed by barium meal together with complete achlorhydria are suggestive of carcinoma of the stomach. The tense ascites was a relatively late development and may be due either to pressure from a metastasis on the portal vein or to the development of a cirrhosis of the liver.


The purpose of this work was to interpret through the prism of the importance for the construction of a new identity of young people of the factors of transposition of regional identity when moving to a metropolis. The goal was achieved through the use of the methodological framework of transcendental phenomenology and the method of textual and structural analysis. The main stages for this study were: building a theoretical framework using the conceptual apparatus of I. Goffman and his theatrical metaphor to determine the boundaries of the study; collection of empirical material by the method of in-depth phenomenological interview (15 interviews were taken in total); reduction and further analysis of empirical material, in which both the factors of regional identity separately and the interaction between them were considered, which made it possible to identify the hierarchy between the elements of regional identity. The main result of this research work was the assumption that for the studied group in the context of the modern world, regional identity is gradually transformed into a "thin", more individualized and based on less strong and rigid ties. In addition, a conclusion was made about the complex relationship between the social and physical factors of the regional self, which both turn out to be significant for channeling the process of transposing regional identity, but from different positions within the structure itself.


The problems of overheating and insulation are the main influencing factors to the operation status of power transformers. Based on the physical model of a 50MVA/110kV oil-immersed self-cooling transformer, the electromagnetic, temperature and fluid field are introduced to establish a three-dimensional temperature rise model of the transformer in this thesis. The loss obtained from the electromagnetic field calculation model is taken as a heat source and input into the transformer temperature rise model. The results show that the hot spot temperature occurs in the core column and increases with the maximum load current when the single-phase ground fault occurs, and the hot spot temperature in the transformer exceeds the limit value. The temperature distribution trends of the core and high and low voltage windings under rated conditions and overload conditions are similar. In addition, the average temperature rise of the windings under overload conditions exceeds the limit value.


Identification of aetiology for fever of unknown origin (FUO) is challenging, due to the high rates of undiagnosed cases. The current diagnostic approach includes initially first‐line procedures such as general examination and various laboratory tests and basic imaging techniques followed by second‐line tests such as more advanced imaging techniques including 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) and tissue biopsies. If no diagnosis is obtained, more invasive measures may be in order such as liver biopsy and exploratory laparotomy.


The logistics difficulties about pallet are encountered in China at present. And the resolving is through the second moving and recycling pallet artificially in enterprises. In order to improve logistics efficiency and decrease workers' labor intensity, a special pulled-back pallet is designed for block stacking. People can one through stove the cargo from the special pallet to truck or other container not by manpower but by fork-lift directly. It can solve the problem of the second moving efficiently. This paper introduced the design of the special pallet, and illustrated with the structure drawing, besides calculated the intensity of some major components. The special pallet will be applied in many enterprises.


The paper investigates the diversified patterns of outsourcing in the Lombardy region and relates them to the probability of introducing product and process innovation. Based on a large firm-level survey, we show that outsourcing processes are strongly regionally embedded and that offshoring is still a limited phenomenon. Outsourcing strategies are shown to have a positive impact on firms' innovation. In particular, the outsourcing of service activities contributes the most to innovation, thus suggesting that firms successfully pursue core strengthening strategies. Our econometric estimates show that both geographical and organizational proximity matter. Indeed, the positive association of services with innovation is strongly related to their regional dimension, which points toward the importance of local user-producer relationships. When outsourcing crosses national borders, keeping the outsourced activities at least loosely connected to the firm appears critical, as offshoring to non affiliated firms has a clear negative impact on innovation.


The mosque is a sacred place of worship. Anyone who is a Muslim is allowed to enter into a mosque for worship without restriction. However, nowadays there are criminals that theft the mosque cash container. Such incidents often occur in our country Malaysia. Therefore, I recommend an application system that can prevent immoral activities like this happening again in the future. The project named is
"Anti-Theft Mosque Fund Using Global System for Mobile (GSM)". It will be installed in the mosque cash container. The main function of this application is the preventive system to inform the responsible person of mosque as soon as possible when the mosque cash container stolen. Generally, when the mosque cash container removed from its place of origin, then the system will be activated to prevent the application automatically. When the system is active, it will allow the system to notify the responsible person of mosque through short messaging system by using
the Global System for Mobile (GSM). In addition, the buzzer and emergency lights activated and produce a loud sound and light signals will be heard and seen by the people around that will surprise even the locals. This system can be activated and deactivated by the responsible person of mosque. Furthermore, with the implementation of prevention systems, indirectly locals will feel more secure. Generally, this system uses the Arduino Uno R3, Global System for Mobile (GSM), sensor, buzzer and emergency light.


Space flight factors (SFF) significantly affect the operating activity of astronauts during deep space missions. Gravitational overloads, hypo-magnetic field and ionizing radiation are the main SFF that perturb the normal activity of the central nervous system (CNS). Acute and chronic CNS risks include alterations in cognitive abilities, reduction of motor functions and behavioural changes. Multiple experimental works have been devoted to the SFF effects on integrative functional activity of the brain; however, the model parameters utilized have not always been ideal and consistent. Even less is known regarding the combined effects of these SFF in a real interplanetary mission, for example to Mars. Our review aims to systemize pace radiation


Based on core observation,cast thin section,scanning electron microscope and mercury porosimetry,the author studies the reservoir petrological characteristics and their control on the reservoir physical property of Taiyuan Formation in the eastern Ordos Basin.The research shows that reservoir lithology in this area is mainly of the coarse grain lithic quartz sandstone and lithic sandstone, component and structure maturity is lower.Reservoir physical property is better with the increased sandstone component maturity,meanwhile the distribution regularity of reservoir property is obviously controlled by the various kinds of cements,including silicon,illite and carbonate.Siliceous content and reservoir physical property have positive correlation,carbonate content and reservoir physical property have negative correlation,the correlation between illite content and reservoir physical property is not obvious.


INTRODUCTION Word-of-mouth (WOM) has been widely acknowledged to have a major impact on consumers' purchase decisions (e.g., Arndt, 1967; Czepiel, 1974; Katz and Lazarsfeld, 1955; Liu, 2006; Trusov, Bucklin and Pauwels, 2009). In recent years, many firms have begun to actively encourage the spread of WOM by providing incentives for customers who successfully refer others to the firm. Such incentives typically include free goods or services, discounts on future purchases, cash, or gifts (Ryu and Feick, 2007). Not only can these programs increase the likelihood that a customer will engage in positive WOM (Ryu and Feick, 2007), but customers acquired via these means can provide greater than average revenue (Villanueva, Yoo, and Hanssens 2008) and are more effectively retained over time (Schmitt, Skiera, and Van Den Bulte, 2011). As such, some researchers recommend that firms seek to encourage WOM by rewarding this behavior (Godes and Mayzlin, 2004; Liu, 2006). However, other research calls into question the value of referral programs. Some have expressed doubts as to whether WOM incentivized by firms is as valuable to the firm as independent WOM (Trusov et al., 2009). A vital aspect of the influence of word-of-mouth is that the individual providing the WOM (speaker) is viewed as credible by the individual receiving the WOM (listener) (Dichter, 1966; Martin and Lueg, 2013; Sweeney, Soutar, and Mazzarol, 2008). If this credibility is compromised, then the listener is much less likely to act on the WOM provided. Speakers who are provided a reward for engaging in WOM may be viewed by listeners as providing the WOM for self-centered purposes and not viewed as being credible, hindering any positive impact the WOM may have on the listener's views of the recommended product. Given the increasingly widespread usage of referral programs by firms and the recommendation of several researchers that firms do so, it is imperative that the impact of these programs on listeners of WOM be examined in order to investigate the viability of this practice. Relatively little empirical research has investigated what leads listeners of WOM to attend to that WOM and use it in their purchase decisions (e.g., Jun, Cha, and Aggarwal, 2011; Martin and Lueg, 2013; Sweeney et al., 2008). In examining the impact of WOM on listeners' views of the speaker and the recommended product, the concept of WOM usage (WOMU), the extent to which listeners incorporate WOM in their purchase decision process (Martin and Lueg, 2013), is utilized here. Extending this line of research regarding listeners of WOM, this study also examines the relative impact of the perceived altruism of the WOM source and the moderating impact of incentivized WOM on the relationships between source trustworthiness and altruism with WOMU. The objectives of this research are to investigate the impact of WOM speaker incentives on listeners' views of the speaker and their use of the WOM. The remainder of this manuscript is laid out as follows. First, related literature is reviewed, and hypotheses are put forth. Then, details regarding the methods used to test the hypotheses are reported. Last, a discussion of the results and the implications of this research for researchers and practitioners are provided, as well as limitations and areas of needed future research. LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES WOM is an informal and dynamic form of interpersonal communication between two or more noncommercial parties concerning products (Arndt, 1967; Kozinets, de Valck, Wojnicki, and Wilner, 2010). Many factors have been identified which increase consumers' engagement in WOM, including positive emotions (White, 2010), perceived fairness (Blodgett, Granbois, and Walters, 1993), commitment, perceived value, quality, trust, satisfaction, and loyalty (de Matos and Rossi, 2008), and products which are original (Moldovan, Goldenberg, Chattopadhyay, 2011), interesting, and publicly visible (Berger and Schwartz, 2011). …


The COVID-19 outbreak originated at the end of 2019 from Wuhan [1, 2], a city in Hubei province in central China. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were 88,948 confirmed cases and 3,043 deaths from 65 countries as of March 2, 2020. In China, the outbreak has effectively confined over 1 billion people to their apartments and homes since the end of January 2020 and continues to disrupt healthcare, wellbeing, and the economy. As the situation in China appears to be stabilizing, sharp increases in confirmed cases are being reported in South Korea, Italy, Japan, and Iran.


I argue that Dennett's indulgence in anthropomorphism in his accounts of evolution and agency has costs that we are better off not paying. To that end, I examine Dennett's algorithmic analysis of evolution by natural selection, paying attention to the status and role of anthropomorphism in his account of the nature of human agency and the order and rationality of the natural world. I argue that Dennett's embrace of the design and intentional stances leads him not only to an untenable conception of agency, but to an account of natural selection that obliterates the distinction between theory and phenomenon. Finally, I show how Nietzsche's perspectival naturalism serves to harness Dennett's unbridled anthropomorphism for more insightful accounts of agency and the natural world.


A frame for an open roof construction is provided, said frame comprising at least one channel member for guiding a drive member, such as a drive cable. Said channel member, as seen in cross section, comprises a base part which is defined by a corresponding local depression of the frame and a cover part connected to said base part. The connection between said base part and said cover part is continuous over the length of said channel member. It is possible that the cover part is connected to the base part through die slide injection molding.


Spam messages can be referred as those mails which come into act in the absence of a standard agreement among the senders and receivers for receiving e-mail solicitation. Usually these messages are sent in bulk quantities. For preventing the spam delivery, an automatic system based spam filter tool is employed. The objectives of spam filters and spam are contradicted diametrically. A spam filter can be termed effective if it recognizes spam. On the other hand, it is ineffective when it escapes the filters. It is the need of the hour that these bulk unsolicited e-mails be effectively filtered. Increasing volume of these mails emphasizes on the requirement and design of dependable anti-spam filters. One of the techniques which is used widely to filter these spam e-mails is the machine learning technique. They possess in built algorithms which filters spam e-mails at commendable rates. In this project we present a method, to access classifier security against their attacks profoundly concentrating on the content of the message. The dependence on a predefined set of keywords is reduced. The paper also focuses on related works which apply machine learning techniques using naïve Bayes classification for e-mail message classification.


The benefits of decentralization in education are often undermined by a number of factors. In Pakistan, under a national devolution program, elected district governments have been given budgetary and operational responsibility for social sector service delivery, but severe capacity gaps within education departments have in places led to increased local political meddling in resource allocation. The USAID Education Sector Reform Assistance program has conducted a series of district-level planning exercises using EMIS data that interactively allows education officials to set objective prioritization criteria for the allocation of physical inputs to schools framed to appeal to representatives in the district assembly. The resulting priority criteria, budgets and resource allocation lists have given department officials the ability to quantify their needs, justify budgets, fend off political interference and generate political backing for their proposals. The paper outlines the process and tools that were utilized, emphasizing elements critical to success.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and complex autoimmune disease that can cause multi-organ damages. Patients with SLE often have higher risk for heart disease, with poorly defined underlying mechanisms. We generated a Cx3cr1-deficient MRL/lprlupus-prone mouse which exhibits a distinct phenotype of exacerbated glomerulonephritis. Upon feeding with a high-fat diet, Cx3cr1−/−MRL/lprmice developed significantly more atherosclerotic plaques that were promoted by Cx3cr1deficiency-mediated activation of Ly6C ++monocytes. The activated monocytes expressed ICOS-L that interacted with ICOS-expressing follicular T helper cells, which in turn facilitated a germinal center reaction to produce more autoantibodies. Through a positive feedback mechanism, the increased circulatory autoantibodies further promoted the activation of Ly6C-expressing monocytes and their display of ICOS-L. Together, we uncovered a novel, Cx3cr1deficiency-mediated pathogenic mechanism contributing to SLE-associated atherosclerosis in MRL/lprmice. The results of these studies will lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for SLE patients at risk of developing cardiovascular disease.


Integrated-Circuit (IC) test probes have been designed variously and manufactured flexibly cause of diverse IC packaged forms. To successfully test the functions of the packaged IC, the packaged industry should carefully select a suitable probe type based on the size or pitch of the ball and the lead of the packaged IC. One plunger of the probe is used to be connected with the packaged IC; the other plunger is connected to the testing devices. A probe basically is composite of a barrel and two plungers whose head might be the crown or the pierced type. The main diameter of the probe's barrel varies from 0.2 millimeter to 0.6 millimeter; the total length of the probe could be from 1 millimeter to 7 millimeter. The probes ought to be detected before implanting them into the housing socket. However, the presenting probe measure method, eye checking by human beings, cannot fulfill the diverse types of probes because the size of IC becomes more delicate and smaller. This paper aims to develop an intelligent system that can detect and recognize more than ten items of a probe. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively measure the different probes.


The microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) of the total steroidal alkaloids(TSA) from Solanum nigrum L.was systematically studied,including the optimum condition,mechanism of the extraction and the effect on the active components.The extract was analysed by acidic dye colorimetry and the optimized procedure determined by the orthogonal experiments are as follows:extraction with the 95% ethanol for 8 min under the power of 585 W.The Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) micrographs revealed that the difference of the extraction was related to the structural changes of the plant cells.Meanwhile,the results of the TLC and RP-HPLC showed MAE has no effect on the structures of the TSA.


This article considers the book as an important emancipatory motif, expressing the tendency of women self-portrait painters to present themselves as educated and accomplished, and to establish their own subjectivity. In traditional self-portraits, since the Renaissance some female artists have presented themselves as autonomous active individuals depicted painting, reading, or playing a musical instrument. In the past, the motif of the reader has symbolized female erudition, education, and sophistication. In a time when women could only rarely attend school, the use of this motif represented an important and liberating gesture. In a period when artists preferred to portray women as nude seducers rather than as learned ladies, it was all the more important that some female artists endeavored to stress the role of women as readers. Although images of women authors with a book in their hands represented a symbol of learning and wisdom, this same motif could also be used to replace a female author's signature. This is examined here with reference to the works of the Renaissance painter Sofonisba Anguissola.


Isotropic turbulence in wind tunnel experiments enhances PM10 particle deposition on surfaces used to simulate vegetation. The effect of isotropic turbulence on inertial impaction dominated particle deposition to surfaces in an unconfined flow was studied. The contribution of turbulence on deposition is shown to scale with a dimensionless parameter formed from a combination of the classical Stokes number (Stk) and the Taylor-microscale Reynolds number (Rλ). This scaling helps explain the role that the intermediate sized eddies (λ) and turbulent fluctuations (u′) have on deposition fraction (DFλ). A modified Stokes number (Stk⋆ = Stk·Rλ0.3) parameterization (DFλ=100 − 100/(440.5(Stk⋆)3.88+1)) was devised to utilize this new scaling and incorporate physically significant turbulent deposition parameters (i.e., λ and u′). The experiments covered a practically relevant Stk range of ∼0.005–0.065 and Rλ range of ∼40–280. These experimental results suggest that current impaction correlations substantially underes...


F or years the single drawer of my writing desk has carried a pouch of Paladin Black Cherry pipe tobacco, once the property of a man I loved. Every so often I pull out the pouch and pull in the fading scent of black cherry, and with it the awakening aroma of memory and all it holds and carries. The man I loved who smoked the flue-cured Paladin tobacco has been dead now for 16 years. Bill was my second cousin, but we were far more friends than relatives. No picture I see of us reveals more of who were, in the past we shared, than does the aroma of that tobacco. He died of throat cancer at 48, a smoker to the end. But when I breathe deeply and inhale the scent from that pouch of Paladin, he appears in my memory as if the past breathes within me. He's behind the wheel of his aging white Jeep, hurtling the two of us through the dark and down the deep decline from his log cabin atop a hill in western Pennsylvania. Or we're sitting on the cabin's porch playing music and drinking away all that lies below. Or we're in Los Angeles months before his death because he wanted to dream one last time of a future he must have realized would never arrive. Or . . . or he's just still here. Perhaps no writer so understood the pull of memory and the way it abides in the physical world and in the world of story quite the way Judith Kitchen did. As she wrote in her astonishing essay "Breath," "Who are we without the memories that make us individual. The things you carry: the present, along with an ever-present past." Judith wrote this essay when she knew her own death was near. And as much as she loved life and appeared to live in the moment, she reveled in being able to summon the past. Her feel for E S S A Y


INTRODUCTION
Adjuvant radiotherapy is an integral part of the current treatment of many malignant tumours. However, this mode of treatment does not provide only benefits in the sense of lowering the risks of recurrence, but it is also associated with many undesirable side effects, from which one of the most serious is the development of secondary malignancies.

CASE REPORT
The author describes a case report of 77 years old woman who underwent hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for uterine carcinoma pT1bN0M0, G1 in 2005. Adjuvant external radiotherapy with the dose 45Gy and brachytherapy 3x4Gy followed. Subsequently the patient was followed at the department of gynecology, which referred her in January 2015 with a quickly growing tumour of the skin and subdermal tissue in the hypogastric area, where previous radiation had been applied. Its excision was indicated with the diagnosis of suspected uterine carcinoma metastasis, but subsequent histological evaluation confirmed angiosarcoma. Despite negative resection margins the tumour quickly recurred and disseminated.

CONCLUSION
Angiosarcoma as a side effect of irradiation is described increasingly more often nowadays. The vast majority of cases are related to the treatment of breast carcinoma. Its prognosis is very poor and therapeutic possibilities are limited. Surgical excision with negative margins remains the mainstay of the treatment. It is necessary to keep this diagnosis in mind and patients undergoing radiation treatment should be followed over a long period.

KEY WORDS
angiosarcoma.


Widespread deployment of Wi-Fi together with 3G upgrades to cellular networks is rapidly creating areas where multiple wireless IP technologies will coexist. WiMAX will further contribute to this phenomenon. The ability to use diverse access technologies simultaneously creates opportunities to improve application service quality and reliability. In this paper, we present an intelligent connectivity framework (INTELiCON) that allows devices to exploit access diversity in new ways. INTELiCON provides a modular, flexible platform for discovering, selecting, executing and evaluating the most appropriate transmission strategies over multiple interfaces while maintaining transparency to both the application and the link layers. We present the architectural characteristics of the INTELiCON framework and describe a prototype proof-of-concept implementation. Indicatively, we show how the framework exploits access diversity to improve TCP-based transmission despite limited resources and unreliable links.


exist a plethora of human rights reports and NGO publications documenting precisely that fact. There clearly remains a pressing need for analytic studies of prison practices in Africa which would contribute to improving the empirical knowledge base on which to ground recommendations for change. We still need to know more than how poor conditions are for particular groups, or how much states fail to meet their obligations ; we need to spend less time highlighting the obvious, and more time trying to theorise why the situation is as it is and what might alleviate it. The latter objective is shared by the volume's contributors and they make some headway. But the hope of ' sweeping reforms' across the continent as a response to relevant human rights instruments and declarations may be so optimistic that it shrouds the possibility of thinking more imaginatively at a local level about possibilities for reform. We should remember that most changes in penal systems happen incrementally. On a more positive note, Dissel, in her chapter on rehabilitation, rightly observes the need to 'encourage the many existing small initiatives ... which serve to undo some of the damage done to prisoners '. And at a more conceptual level Muntingh's sharp analysis of alternative sentencing possibilities recognises that such options should not be explored only as a way to reduce overcrowding, but within the context of broader discussions on the nature of punishment and sentencing in the respective African contexts – ' it is imprisonment itself that needs to be critically examined' (p. 198). Vetten too sensibly highlights the need for more 'nuanced understandings of punishment and control on the continent ' (p. 148), and for 'more empirical research in this area, as well as theorizing that adequately takes the heterogeneity of African institutions, politics, culture, histories and practices into account ' (p. 152). This volume represents a start but there is a long way to go. A N DR EW M. J E F F E R S ON Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims (RCT)


The Han Dynasty ruled the country by means of filial piety-a common morality of that society since the governors had this family marality spread to all kinds of social affairs. This paper deals with the concrete contents of filial conducts and different piety norms respectively of the strata of the imperial kinsmen, the literati and officialdom, and the populace, and analyses the characteristics and relations of the tilial conducts of the three strata.


Several spin effects in quantum dots were studied using optical spectroscopy at low temperatures and high magnetic fields. The topics addressed include the manipulation of the g-factor, experimental and theoretical investigations of optical pumping of the nuclear spin system via hyperfine-mediated processes as well as the development of on-chip microwave structures for single spin control.


Mora1 education plays a 1eading and decisive role in intellectual and physical education. It guides, motivates and guarantees the healthy growth of students and development of schools. Under new circumstance, it has become essential to break down the traditional limitation, overcome existing problems and bring the main-channel function of the "two courses"into full play. Only by doing this, can a new moral education system with all staff members'participation be built up and more qualified builders and successors be trained.


The comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of plant and animal sulfotransferases (ST) has allowed the identification of four well conserved regions, and previous experimental evidence suggested that regions I and IV might be involved in the binding of the cosubstrate, 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS). Moreover, region IV is homologous to the glycine-rich phosphate binding loop (P-loop) motif known to be involved in nucleotide phosphate binding in several protein families. In this study, the function of amino acid residues within these two regions was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis of the plant flavonol 3-ST. In region I, our results identify Lys as critical for catalysis, since replacement of this residue with alanine resulted in a 300-fold decrease in specific activity, while a 15-fold reduction was observed after the conservative replacement with arginine. Photoaffinity labeling of K59R and K59A with [yS]PAPS revealed that Lys is not required for cosubstrate binding. However, the K59A mutant had a reduced affinity for 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP)-agarose, suggesting that Lys may participate in the stabilization of an intermediate during the reaction. In region IV, all substitutions of Argy resulted in a marked decrease in specific activity. Conservative and unconservative replacements of Argy resulted in weak photoaffinity labeling with [yS]PAPS and the R276A/T73A and R276E enzymes displayed reduced affinities for PAP-agarose, suggesting that the Argy side chain is required to bind the cosubstrate. The analysis of the kinetic constants of mutant enzymes at residues Lys, Glyy, and Lys allowed to confirm that region IV is involved in cosubstrate binding.


Dinitrogen activation plays an important role in the production of many essential nitrogen based compounds needed for all life. Using density functional theory together with dispersion correction (DFT+D), the activation of molecular nitrogen with a gas phase Zr dimer and a Zr dimer loaded C60 is investigated. The present calculations show that the optimised trans-Zr2N2 configuration is planar but this configuration exhibits a butterfly shape when it is supported by C60. Furthermore, it is shown that the activation of dinitrogen is facilitated by the Zr dimer stabilized by C60. Additional calculations are carried out to look at the products of the reactions with H2 and a catalytic cycle for the reduction of N2 to NH3 is constructed. Reaction of two molecules of H2 with Zr2N2 molecule loaded C60 is exothermic while reaction of only one molecule of H2 with free Zr2N2 molecule is exothermic again highlighting the importance of stabilization with C60.Dinitrogen activation plays an important role in the production of many essential nitrogen based compounds needed for all life. Using density functional theory together with dispersion correction (DFT+D), the activation of molecular nitrogen with a gas phase Zr dimer and a Zr dimer loaded C60 is investigated. The present calculations show that the optimised trans-Zr2N2 configuration is planar but this configuration exhibits a butterfly shape when it is supported by C60. Furthermore, it is shown that the activation of dinitrogen is facilitated by the Zr dimer stabilized by C60. Additional calculations are carried out to look at the products of the reactions with H2 and a catalytic cycle for the reduction of N2 to NH3 is constructed. Reaction of two molecules of H2 with Zr2N2 molecule loaded C60 is exothermic while reaction of only one molecule of H2 with free Zr2N2 molecule is exothermic again highlighting the importance of stabilization with C60.


The growing diffusion and usability of additive printing techniques have created new manufacturing scenarios for products. Printed electronics is playing a key role in the design of next-generation objects. These objects are no longer only able to fulfill their original function, but through specific sensors and circuits can measure physical quantities in the surrounding environment. In this way, a conventional object is made smart, being able to communicate with other objects or remote units. This kind of change fits perfectly into the context of Industry 4.0, where the ability to collect additional information can increase efficiency in the production, transportation, and storage of products. Smart objects can be manufactured with numerous different technologies and materials depending on the performance required and on the specific application. The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of printed technologies that enable resistive sensors printing on complex surfaces for smart object fabrication. First, an explanation of the technologies under consideration is provided. Then, an analysis of the aspects that affect the final print quality for each technique is provided, highlighting advantages and disadvantages. This article also indicates the limitations and potential of these printed technologies for smart objects.


The paper presents a comparison of computational methods used in the static analysis of cable structures. Two different methods are used, the method of dynamic relaxation and the force density method. The dynamic relaxation method is presented in more detail. The sample design will be compared for accuracy, computational time and the conditions and speed of convergence of the methods used.


Objectives. The goal of the present work is to apply a modified version previously developed method for detection of areas involved in epileptogenic circuits and the assessment of the therapeutic effects of Low Frequency Intracranial Theta-burst Electric Neuronal Stimulation (LFITNES). Methods. We use a novel paradigm for stimulation of the brain with 20Hz biphasic cyclic alternating polarity (BiCAP) and compute the relative phase clustering index (rPCI) from the evoked response. The putative therapeutic paradigm is based on the application of 1800 high frequency (200Hz) theta bursts consisting of 6 pulses administered every 2 seconds. Results. We have applied the procedure to four patients undergoing pre-surgical diagnostics for localization of the seizure onset zone SOZ. In all cases the SOZ was determined both by ictal EEG inspection from a board-certified clinical neurophysiologist and our experimental procedure based on rPCI. In all cases the localization indications of the method were concordant with the expert findings. The application of our stimulation protocol at the dominant SOZ led to decrease of the rPCI.


This paper explores implementing active resonance frequency tuning of adaptive tuned vibration absorbers (ATVA) by coupling a vibration absorber comprising a voice coil actuator (VCA) and a sprung inertial mass to a solenoid actuator (SA). In this device, the DC current flowing through the SA generates negative magnetic stiffness and varies the equilibrium position of the nonlinear spring of the VCA, thus changing the effective stiffness of the system and its resonant frequency. The paper details the analytical design steps and the parametric sizing process of designing the SA to maximize its force density within defined magnetic, dimensions and thermal constraints. The design of the SA was verified using finite element analysis (FEA), manufactured and coupled to a VCA to make the complete ATVA system. The experimental results demonstrate the tunability of the resonance frequency of the ATVA by controlling the SA's DC current. It is shown that the system's resonance frequency can be shifted by up to 23% of the fundamental resonance frequency, which improves the effectiveness of the ATVA at damping a broader range of excitation frequencies.


Shiitake, Lentinus edodes (Berk) Sing., is the second most important cultivated edible mushroom in the world. It has been prized for food because of a delicious flavor and a sweet fragrance. Besides, it possesses medicinal prophylactic. Characteristics: interference, anti-tumor effect, hypocholesterolemic and antiviral activities. Rich protein biological mass is obtained by deep culturing of Shiitake on lignocellulosic substratum.


This paper introduces a transformerless three input dual output boost type DC-DC converter. By using one input energy source alone in electric vehicles (EVs), it is tough to offer load requirements due to the dynamic nature of load. Hence, the integration of diverse sources is crucial. The introduced converter is useful in the hybridization of different energy sources. Analysis of the converter with thorough circuit operations and essential equations are discussed. The equations for the output voltages and inductor current have been extracted. Converter validation has been conducted with the support of simulation results. Various simulation waveforms including inductor voltage, inductor current, switch voltages etc., have been incorporated to emphasize the proficient operation of the converter.


A study into the collapse of the World Trade Center on September 11 has highlighted important issues about the design and performance of buildings. Rupert Gilbey reports.


Estimating homography to align image pairs captured by different sensors or image pairs with large appearance changes is an important and general challenge for many computer vision applications. In contrast to others, we propose a generic solution to pixel-wise align multimodal image pairs by extending the traditional Lucas-Kanade algorithm with networks. The key contribution in our method is how we construct feature maps, named as deep Lucas-Kanade feature map (DLKFM). The learned DLKFM can spontaneously recognize invariant features under various appearance-changing conditions. It also has two nice properties for the Lucas-Kanade algorithm: (1) The template feature map keeps brightness consistency with the input feature map, thus the color difference is very small while they are well-aligned. (2) The Lucas-Kanade objective function built on DLKFM has a smooth landscape around ground truth homography parameters, so the iterative solution of the Lucas-Kanade can easily converge to the ground truth. With those properties, directly updating the Lucas-Kanade algorithm on our feature maps will precisely align image pairs with large appearance changes. We share the datasets, code, and demo video online 1.


The invention discloses a thermoset fluororesin powder coating preparation method. The method includes the steps that firstly, by weight, 65-200 parts of polymerized media, 45-60 parts of fluorine-containing monomers, 5-14.5 parts of hydroxyl monomers, 25.5-50 parts of other monomers and 0.6-2 parts of initiators react with one another at the temperature of 45 DEG C to 95 DEG C for 5 h to 40 h, cooling, discharging and filtering are conducted, and a thermoset fluororesin transparent solution is obtained; secondly, the obtained thermoset fluororesin transparent solution is dried, and thermoset fluororein powder is obtained; thirdly, after thermoset fluororesin powder, titanium dioxide, blocking isocyanate curing agents, flatting agents and defoaming agents are mixed to obtain the mixture, the mixture is fed into a double-screw extruder to be melted, extruded and cooled, and the thermoset fluororesin coating mixture is obtained; finally, the thermoset fluororesin coating mixture is smashed, grinded, filtered and graded, and a thermoset fluororesin powder coating is obtained. The thermoset fluororesin powder coating preparation method has the advantages of being simple in process, high in powder yield and excellent in product performance.


For the last quarter of a century, attempts to prevent rape have been guided by a widespread social-science explanation that holds that rape's causation has little, if anything, to do with sexual desire. Instead, it holds that rape is motivated by men's attempt to dominate and control women. It also contends that rape occurs only when males are taught (by their culture) to rape. In A Natural History of Rape: Biological Bases of Sexual Coercion (MIT Press, 2000), we scientifically criticize this social-constructionist view of rape. We argue that, although a given rapist may have numerous motivations for committing a rape, social constructionists have not seriously and honestly considered the vast evidence showing that rapists are sexually motivated. Although we agree that culture (that is, social learning, or learning resulting from experience with other members of the same species) plays a significant role in causing rape, we challenge the notion that rape occurs only when males are taught by their culture to rape. The ethnographic record of anthropology indicates that rape occurs in all known cultures. It also occurs in a wide variety of other species in which there is certainly no cultural encouragement of such behavior. We emphasize in our book that the best way to obtain a better understanding of the role of culture in human rape is to approach the subject from the only generally accepted scientific explanation of the behavior of living things: evolution by natural selection. We then show that rape is definitely caused by men's evolved sexual psychology, and we discuss why this knowledge may be important to society's efforts to reduce rape.


In 2008, the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work published the European Risk Observatory report on Occupational skin diseases (OSD) and dermal exposure in the EU (EU-25). It clearly revealed that "skin diseases are the second most common work related health problem in Europe". They "are one of the most important emerging risks related to the exposure to chemical, physical and biological risk factors". OSD account for 90 per cent of all work related health problems in the age group of 15-25 years.


Biogas is a promising alternative fuel to reduce the consumption of petroleum-based fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines. In this work, the effect of various biogas compositions on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a spark-ignition (SI) engine is investigated. Additionally, the effect of Wobbe index (WI) of various fuel compositions was also evaluated on the operational limits of the engine. While considering a wide range of biogas compositions (including bio-methane), the percentage of carbon dioxide (CO2) (in a blend of methane and CO2) was increased from 0 to 50% (by volume). A single-cylinder, water-cooled, SI engine was operated at 1500 rpm over a wide range of operating loads with compression ratio of 8.5:1. With the increase in WI of the fuel, both low (limited by coefficient of variation (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)) and high (limited by pre-ignition) operating loads were decreased; however, it was found that the overall operating range was increased. Results also showed that for a given operating load, with the increase of CO2 percentage in the fuel, the brake thermal efficiency was decreased, and the flame initiation and combustion durations were increased. The brake thermal efficiency was decreased from 16.8% to 13.7%, when CO2 was increased from 0% to 40% in methane–CO2 mixture at 8 N·m load. Concerning to emissions, a considerable decrease was noted in nitric oxide, whereas hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions were increased, with the increase in CO2 percentage.


: In situ prepared sodium ferrate was used for the oxidation of structurally different hydrocarbons, cyclic alcohols and aldehydes thus eliminating the tedious process of separating potassium ferrate in the solid form before its use as an oxidant. Montmorillonite KlO under microwave irradiations catalyzed the oxidations resulting in the excellent yields. Maximum yields of the products under controlled conditions were obtained by changing the reaction conditions one by one keeping other factors constant which may affect the yield. The system is simple, proceeds without over-oxidation under reported conditions and in some cases gives even better results compared to potassium ferrate oxidations. Phenanthrene was oxidized to 9-fluorenone (86.1%) instead of phenanthraquinone. Ferrate oxidations are environmen tally benign and being very fast under microwave irradiations, become economical also.


Many countries are expanding the coverage of programmes to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV. Although the need is unquestionable, Richard Reithinger and colleagues are concerned that without true measures of effectiveness we may not be making the best use of resources


As the number of tourists around the world increases, so does the number of elderly tourists and people traveling with children or infants. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for barrier-free tourism. Barrier-free tourist information is a convenient route with little or no steps, steep slopes, etc. and context-aware information for tourists. In this paper, we propose a platform architecture that provides information for barrier-free tourism. We also present the module processing flow of the proposed platform according to the service request. We expect the proposed platform to provide information on barrier-free tourism and encourage comfortable travel courses.


Two Person show showing sculpture and drawing as part of the series of exhibitions " Kunst in der Sparkasse " in Wuppertal / Germany


In order to study the effect of drought stress on eight cultivars corn (Zea mays L.), an experiment was conducted in a factorial experimental on the basis of randomized complete block design under two irrigated conditions during 2010-2011 cropping season. Twelve drought tolerance/resistance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), geometric mean production (GMP), mean production (MP), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), relative drought index (RDI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI) and modified stress tolerance (K1STI and K2STI) were calculated based on grain yield under drought and irrigated conditions. Yield in stress and non-stress conditions were significantly and positively correlated with STI, GMP, MP, YI, TOL, DI, RDI, YSI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI and negatively correlated with SSI. Yield in stress and non-stress conditions were significantly and positively correlated with STI, GMP, MP, YI, TOL, DI, RDI, YSI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI and negatively correlated with SSI. Screening drought tolerant cultivars using ranking method, three dimensional plots discriminated cultivars 'KSC720', KSC 710GT and 'KSC 700' as the most drought tolerant. Cluster analysis classified the cultivars into three groups i.e., tolerant, susceptible and semi-susceptible to drought conditions. In general, Results of this study showed that among drought tolerance indices STI, YI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI can be used as the most suitable indicators for screening drought tolerant cultivars and 'KSC720', KSC 710 GT and 'KSC 700' had the highest tolerance to drought in our studies condition.


In order to gain the changing rule of the compressor's operating points after water spraying,this paper investigated the characteristics of centrifugal compressor's inlet water spraying and the gas turbine compressor inlet water spraying by using experimental method.By analysis of the experimental results of the compressor after water spraying,the changing rules of the compressor operating point are obtained at different work conditions and spraying capacities.These research results could offer references for the application of wet compression technology.


Results: 23 patients (38 eyes) with VKH Disease were included in the study. The study was conducted over a period of eleven years. The mean age of the patients was 37.26 years (SD 12.41). 37 eyes (97.36%) presented with exudative retinal detachment. 20 eyes (52.63%) had optic disc oedema. 18 eyes (47.36%) had anterior uveitis. All 23 patients were started on systemic steroids. 4 patients (17.39%) were also treated with immunosuppressants. To test the significance of factors affecting final visual acuity, nonparametric method, the Mann-Whitney test was applied. It was found that worse visual acuity at presentation, more number of complications, increased cumulative duration of the disease and male sex were associated with a worse final visual acuity.


The present paper reports preliminary observations from a longitudinal case study of the Lawn Mowers & Garden Tractors business unit of Deere & Company. This business unit is interested in analyzing the applicability of a Build-To-Order strategy for its business. By analyzing the problems related to the simultaneous pursuit of volume and mix flexibility we propose a model explaining how these two trade-offs can be simultaneously addressed. We then speculate about the compatibility of the techniques generally advocated to address either volume or mix flexibility, in this case where these two trade-offs have to be jointly reduced.


The CSR-oriented companies introduce some tools to demonstrate their environmental and social responsibility. Besides different activities which are presented in reports, certificates they apply for demonstration of their social and environmental engagement. Due to the increasing awareness among consumers there is an even greater demand for authentic and independent guaranteecertificates which confirm the social responsibility doings. So in the last few years the use of thematic trademarks which are signs of the responsibility has spread. The presented research focuses on a special segment of national park trademarks. The research questions within the framework of a standard interview are attempting to reveal how informed consumers are concerning the trademarks in use and whether the consumer favours those products and services that possess quality certificates. What are the expectations of the consumers in connection with products and services that hold the Hungarian National Park Product trademark? Do these certificated products and services mean benefits to consumers? The trademarks of the manufacturers and service providers give information to the customer on the advantage of the product and hence the whole life-cycle of the product is seen through. Probably due to this controlled quality and reliable origin the certified products are favoured. This kind of labelling means a kind of guarantee to the customer.


Severe traumatic injuries and infections are frequently accompanied by life‐threatening shock and are associated with increases in the proinflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α). The body's first perception of injury is the nociceptive or pain response. This response is induced at the site of injury and is transmitted systemically by sensory neuropeptides, the tachykinins, released from sensory afferent c‐fiber neurons. We studied the role of tachykinins in regulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by the administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Destruction of terminal sensory nerve endings before lipopolysaccharide administration abrogates tachykinin synthesis and down‐regulates TNF‐α transcription and secretion. In contrast, the responses of interleukins‐1 and ‐6 are unaffected. Pretreating animals with an antagonist for the substance P‐specific NK‐1 receptor also down‐regulated the TNF‐α response, whereas blockade of the NK‐2 receptor had no effect. These findings indicate that substance P contributes to the induction of those cytokines that are involved in precipitating the shock response. J. Leukoc. Biol. 63: 602–605; 1998.


Technology mapping for LUT-based FPGAs can be formulated as DAG covering problem that is to cover given Boolean network with a set of subgraphs called cones, which is known to be NP-hard. So far, no efficient algorithm exists to solve it exactly. Existing technology mappers employ cost flow which is a heuristic metric to indicate how good a cone is for total cost, i.e. area or power. The estimation of total cost based on cost flow might be inaccurate because it does not consider multiple fanouts adequately. This paper proposes a novel method to compute the lower bound for DAG covering problem by transforming a DAG into a tree graph. A novel mapping algorithm with weighted cost flow based on the lower bound is also presented. Weighted cost flow considers the effect of multiple fanouts accurately. Cone Resubstitution: an existing post-processing of technology mapping to reduce area/power by removing unnecessary node duplications is employed. The experimental results show that the proposed method generates networks whose average area is 7%, 7%, 10% smaller than that generated by DAOmap for K = 4, 5, 6 respectively. It is also shown that the proposed method works better than the combination of a mapper based on traditional cost flow and Cone Resubstitution. On the other hand, the proposed method generates LUT networks whose dynamic power is 10% smaller than that generated by Emap for K = 4 on average.


The major interest of practitioners for FRC dental restorations derives from the biological traits of this technique. The study concerned the biomechanical behaviour of polyethylene fiber reinforced composites. The experimental determination of the maximum pressure force that can be supported by a FRC fixed prosthetic restoration has also been targeted (Construct Premise Indirect). For this purpose two samples have been used, each been made of a FRC restoration resin bonded to two lateral teeth which are fixed in a plaster block. The 2 samples differ by the fiber width and by the thickness of the veneer composite. The 2 samples have been tested with static short duration loads on a testing machine. It has been observed that both samples had a perfect elastic behaviour for force under 280N (sample 1) and 360N (sample 2). The maximum flexural stresses as a result of the load are 102.77MPa for the first pontic and 92.5MPa for the second one. The persistence of the fiber allows maintaining the bridge under certain conditions and for a certain period of time. If the stress increases the restoration is destructed (the force has to be almost doubled before the important displacement could lead to the fracture of the bridge). In a clinical situation this reversible and cost effective procedure, which is minimally invasive, aesthetically and biologically desirable offers a viable alternative to conventional replacement of lost teeth.


For many computer vision problems, the most time consuming component consists of nearest neighbor matching in high-dimensional spaces. There are no known exact algorithms for solving these high-dimensional problems that are faster than linear search. Approximate algorithms are known to provide large speedups with only minor loss in accuracy, but many such algorithms have been published with only minimal guidance on selecting an algorithm and its parameters for any given problem. In this paper, we describe a system that answers the question, "What is the fastest approximate nearest-neighbor algorithm for my data?" Our system will take any given dataset and desired degree of precision and use these to automatically determine the best algorithm and parameter values. We also describe a new algorithm that applies priority search on hierarchical k-means trees, which we have found to provide the best known performance on many datasets. After testing a range of alternatives, we have found that multiple randomized k-d trees provide the best performance for other datasets. We are releasing public domain code that implements these approaches. This library provides about one order of magnitude improvement in query time over the best previously available software and provides fully automated parameter selection.


Objective: To discuss the observation and nursing measures for gynecologic acute abdomen. Method: 195 gynecologic acute abdomen cases from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2008 were given careful observation and nursing. The change of illness and clinical manifestations were timely reported to doctors and then formulated corresponding nursing measures. Result: Through close cooperation between doctors and nurses, all the cases were fully recovered and discharged for timely treatment. Conclusion: Clinical observation and nursing have important significance for the curative rate and prognosis of gynecologic acute abdomen.


In November 2013, an Old Bailey jury, by a 10–2 majority, convicted general surgeon David Sellu of the manslaughter of a patient by 'gross negligence'. A six‐year journey has taken the Sierra Leone‐born surgeon through a coroner's inquest, hospital investigation, police inquiry, prosecution, conviction, 15 months in prison and, eventually, to the Appeal Court, where three senior judges quashed his conviction…


The figure of the sorcerer Pancrates in Lucian's tale of The Sorcerer's Apprenticel/Ig at lIgPhilopseudesl/Ig 33-36 alludes to the traditions relating to Hadrian's poet Pancrates Epicus and to those relating to his supposed magicial guru Pachrates. These traditions are argued to have had a common origin, and new arguments are advanced for this position. Lucian further exploits the significance of Pancrates' name ('All-powerful') in relation to that of a well-established character-type within his stock-in-trade, Eucrates ('Well-powerful'), who is accordingly cast in the role of his apprentice. Pancrates' focal spell, the animation of the pestle for domestic service, reflects the themes and concerns of contempary magical practice as documented in the papyri. Admonitory Cynic imagery, of a sort found elsewhere in the Philopseudes , may be latent both in the figure of Pancates and in his pestle.


Since 2004, electric energy can be purchased in a free competition environment and regulated contracting environment. Residential consumers are currently classified as "regulated consumers" and are required to purchase electricity from the company authorized to perform energy distribution services in each concession area. For consumers who meet the energy demand requirements, it is possible for the energy supplier to choose and negotiate the trading conditions. This free energy market presents advantageous conditions to these consumers, considered as "free consumers". The limitation imposed on residential consumers may be altered. Currently, two bills are in the pipeline that intend to enable residential consumers, through a gradual reduction of regulatory barriers, to choose their electricity supplier. This paper consisted in the bibliographic analysis of academic papers, bills and other normative acts, and in the deductive method to verify potential advantages that can be perceived by residential energy consumers, if the regulation allows the acquisition of electric energy in the environment free hiring.


This study characterized and mapped the spatial variability patterns of total and available cadmium in soils of the Angouran area by geostatistical methods. Multivariate statistical techniques were also used to determine the significant factors influencing the spatial distribution. Results from the spatial analysis and ordinary kriging-interpolated maps showed that the two variables under investigation have different spatial structure dependences and opposite spatial distribution patterns. This distribution is a result of changes in the soil properties induced by cultivation practices in farmland. The estimated probability maps created by disjunctive kriging also indicated that the probability of exceeding the threshold value for available Cd (0.8 mg/kg) is high in farmland where total cadmium concentrations are low. The discriminant analysis conducted in this study revealed that the two main land use patterns (farmland and pasture) are different in terms of available cadmium concentrations. Results from the two-way ANOVA showed that soil pH was the most important factor controlling the availability of cadmium in soils. Due to obvious decreases in soil pH caused by extended use of ammonium-based fertilizers on the farmland, unavailable cadmium in soil has apparently became more available. This study concluded that precision agriculture strategies should be adopted in the study area to minimize the environmental impacts of some agricultural practices.


Lightning damages to facilities inside or in the vicinity of wind turbines become remarkably common. Most of the breakdowns and malfunctions of the electrical and control systems inside or in the vicinity of wind turbines are caused by ground potential rise due to lightning current flowing into the grounding system of the turbine and back-flow lightning current due to the ground potential rise. To clarify the transient characteristics of the wind turbine grounding systems and to understand the mechanism of the breakdowns and malfunctions, we have carried out a lot of field tests and simulations. In this paper, transient grounding characteristics of a wind turbines foundation are discussed.


A survey of magnetic properties for the system CuFe2O4-MnFe2O4-Mn3O4 is reported. Saturation flux density, Curie temperature, coercivity, hysteresis loop squareness, and switching constant were determined for 60 compositions. A large compositional area having square loop properties was found. Apparently, both divalent Cu and trivalent mu contribute to squareness. Switching constant was found to decrease markedly with increasing manganese content to a low in the neighborhood of 0.6 oe-μsec.Coincident-current memory cores made from appropriate Cu-Mn ferrites have properties very similar to conventional Mg-Mn ferrites but at significantly lowered driving currents.


In this paper, I draw upon fi ctional and legal texts in order to elucidate the complexity of intergenerational care in the context of the climate crisis, exploring both the familial dimensions and the broader social and political meaning of this concept. 2 I am adopting an anthro-pocentric perspective and focusing upon intra-species intergenerational care, 3 as distinct from intergenerational care from a multi-species perspective, 4 although there are compelling reasons to believe that intra and inter-species obligations are intrinsically connected. questions. what do these particular tell us about current understandings of intergenerational love, responsibility and in the context of


Advances in Religion, Cognitive Science, and Experimental Philosophy, edited by Helen De Cruz and Ryan Nichols, Bloomsbury, 2016. Advances in Experimental Philosophy series. 221pp. $42.95 USD ISBN: 978-1-47422- 382-9


Nowadays, the growth of privacy concerns imposes new requirements on security mechanisms deployed on autonomous vehicles. Assessing users' misbehavior in Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) is crucial to keep them safe. Notwithstanding, data is a valuable asset, and exchanging them (e.g., Basic Safety Message—BSM) over the external network exposes sensitive data and compromises the privacy of CITS participants. This paper presents a federated learning-based architecture that shares model parameters for position spoofing detection in C-ITS. Our solution consists of buffering the host's received messages and using them as predictors for misbehavior. To this end, we derived five novel features and group messages into analysis windows varying from 2 to 23 BSMs to predict dynamic attacker behavior better. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of training the models on the onboard unit (OBU) and sharing the models' parameters in a federated learning-based architecture. Therefore, we bring users' privacy to the table by preserving a local dataset, balancing the tradeoff between a rapid training process and reliable misbehavior detection. Moreover, our multilayer perceptron model outperforms the detecting position spoofing attacks in state-of-the-art works.


Recent inertial confinement fusion experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have improved performance and interpretability. These results help us address hydrodynamic efficiency, pusher adiabat, tamping, and hot-spot confinement as they pertain to criteria for ignition. We present requirements for propagating burn that are stringent compared to existing literature. The effects of the pusher adiabat on the energy partition for the cold and hot DT are addressed, as well as the persistent discrepancy between the observed and simulated neutron down scattering ratio. The required energy for achieving ignition on NIF and paths forward to optimize or increase the capsule yields for given laser energy are also discussed.


Transmissible spongiform encephalopaties are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting both humans and animals [1]. These disorders are mainly featured by the appearance and stabilization of an aberrant conformer (PrP) of the cellular prion protein (PrP) with selfperpetuating properties. PrP is a Cu(II) binding protein. Cooperative cation binding occurs in the flexible N-terminal protein domain that is characterized by a highly conserved octarepeat segment.


The utility model discloses a sun-shade and rainproof rolling shutter of a solar water heater, which comprises an electric winding mechanism, end plates on both ends of the electric winding mechanism and shutter blades which can be wound on the electric winding mechanism and are connected one by one; both ends of the shutter blades are provided with two guide rails; both ends of the shutter blades can slide in the guide rails; and one head of each guide rail is connected with the end plate, and the other head is also provided with a spring towing device. The rolling shutter winds and unwinds reliably and can regulate the size of a light sensitive surface; and the spring towing device can make sure to properly wind and unwind the rolling shutter surface, thereby preventing the rolling shutter surface from being wound and unwound improperly, stopped in the midway, and improving the winding effect of the electric winding mechanism.


In this paper the mechanism of toe-shooting method is studied through model experiments and numerical simulations.By utilizing tracing particles,the authors establish a whole physical diagram of replacing seaooze with rockfills,and then describe the mechanism of toe-shooting.The process of toe-shooting is simulated by using LS-DYNA dynamic FEM progam,and its feasibility is verified by comparison with experimental data.


Customer satisfaction drives quality improvement and innovation initiatives for many organizations. Sources of data for such initiatives come from both internal processes as well as the customer. Costs of quality (COQ), with emphasis on failure costs, have been used for managing quality and prioritizing actions for decades because of their appeal to top management. These costs are divided into two groups: conformance and nonconformance. Conformance costs can belong to either the prevention or appraisal categories while nonconformance or failure costs can be either internal or external. External failure costs result from the negative experience customers have with products and services. Typical COQ programs include readily identifiable costs such as product returns or scrap. However, many hidden costs can be challenging to correctly identify or may seem to belong to more than one category. In any case, failure to identify a given cost as a quality cost or incorrectly categorizing it may result in misleading decision on actions to improve quality. In this paper, a model will be proposed for correctly categorizing costs of quality. If the cost does not belong to any category, it will be identified as such (not a quality cost). The proposed model will be used as a teaching tool in a senior-level quality improvement course at Ohio University. The model will be tested with cost examples using the following questions: Can students using this model correctly identify whether a given cost is a quality cost? and (2) Do students using the model achieve significantly better results in correctly categorizing COQ than the traditional method for teaching the subject? The same set of costs will be used to answer these questions.


The present article has for objective to understand the way for which the social worker of the national health clinic of the institution Fundacao Centro de Hemoterapia e Hematologia do Estado do Para - Hemopa, develops an inclusion work and reception to the person senior carrier of disease hematological, taking in consideration the new political and social alterations in the definition of the senior person's citizenship. For the accomplishment of this study it was made bibliographical rising, researches documental and glimpses with the subject of the research: senior, family people, social workers and psychologists of the Foundation. It was ended that the Social Service of the Foundation renders a reception differentiated the senior person, once it recognizes and it executes what establish the laws you specify that assure the senior person's rights.


In order to study transfer of n-paraffins in crude oil from fish flesh to animals, following experiment were conducted. n-Paraffins (C(10)-C(20)) were administered orally to rat and distribution of n-paraffins in organs were determined by gas chromatography and the following results were obtained. 1) n-Paraffins were detected in all organs tested. 2) Maximam concentrations of n-paraffins in the organs were in the order of liver adipose tissue femoral muscles blood. 3) n-Paraffins in the organs decreased as the lapse of time relatively fast and the order was liver blood femoral muscles adipose tissue. And adipose tissue were thought to be accumulated tissue of n-paraffins. 4) The concentration of C(16) n-paraffin was the highest in all the n-paraffins and it's biological half life was in the order of blood adipose tissue femoral muscles liver.


In this paper, a tunable ferroelectric unit cell for wideband beam-steering reflectarray antennas is proposed. The proposed element is composed of three parts, i.e., a shorted parallel plate waveguide, a bifurcated ferroelectric phase shifter and two symmetric four-section stepped impedance transformers. Employing the DC bias voltage to vary the permittivity of ferroelectric material, the reflection phase of proposed unit cell can be continuously tuned. Full-wave simulated results show that the reflectarray element can achieve more than 360o linear phase tunability from 5.0 GHz to 6.5 GHz. The impact of ferroelectric loss on the performance of unit cell is also investigated. The proposed ferroelectric unit cell can be used to implement wideband beam-steering reflectarray antennas, providing an alternative of complicated phased array antennas.


A simplified and efficient method was developed in order to analyze the vibration problem of axially compressed,imperfect ship plating.The singularity perturbation method developed by the authors was used to calculate the post-buckling of the ship plating.The dynamic equation on the post-buckling equilibrium configurations was constructed and the frequency of the plating was explicitly obtained.The influences of the welding residual deflections and stresses on the plating vibration were discussed.The calculating results presented by the method were in well agreement with those of experiments.Finally,the probabilistic distribution of ship plating vibration frequency was dealt with by Monte Carlo simulation method.The simulation results showed that the vibration frequency could be fitted by Gumbel distribution.


Chalcogenides have attracted wide attention on the structural characterizations and physicochemical properties due to their potential practicability and scientific interests, such as the intriguing stoichiometries and involved fascinating morphologies of sulfur under compression. In this work, our ab initio structure prediction simulations for the Ca-S system predicted unprecedented tetragonal $I4/mcm\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ and $P\text{\ensuremath{-}}{42}_{1}m\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ containing the isolated dimeric ${{\mathrm{S}}_{2}}^{2--}$ and V-shape trimeric ${{\mathrm{S}}_{3}}^{2--}$ units, respectively, under high pressure. Motived by these theoretical results, remarkably, we have successfully synthesized $\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ as unambiguously identified through in situ x-ray diffraction and Raman spectra measurements. The present results have unraveled the high-pressure structure behavior of Ca-S system and further provided key insights for exploring other interesting polysulfides at extreme conditions.


A better understanding of the relative risks and benefits of common treatment options for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) can help providers and patients to make balanced, evidence‐based decisions.


The study on the mechanism of the shape evolution of nanocrystaline particles is an important and emerging field, which is applicable in the shaped control synthesis of nanoparticles. As an alternative to transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), which is already used in the study of nanoparticles, in this article a simple spectrophotometric method has been proposed utilizing the advantages of chemometrics methods in analyzing overlapped and complex spectral data. The evolutionary visible absorbance data of CdSe quantum dots through particle formation were analyzed by factor analysis, evolving factor analysis, and multivariate curve resolution−alternative least-squares analysis, by which four chemical factors, attributed to the CdSe nanoparticles of different shapes, were detected and the concentration profiles and pure spectra of these particles were resolved. The interpretation of the evolution profiles of the detected nanocrystaline CdSe particles was easily achieved by using the existing shape evolutio...


Clever Mouse:Can you see that boy over there? Miss Bee:Yes,I can.Is this your book? Clever Mouse:No.Those books on the grass are mine. Miss Bee:Oh,I know.