Kidney abscess is one of the complications of the urinary tract infection. Gram (-) intestinal flora is considered the most common etiological factor in development of kidney abscess. The spreading of bacteria usually occurs via an ascending route. Currently, in the era of antibiotic therapies, the kidney abscess is a relatively rare complication.The study aimed to analyse the prevalence, risk factors, clinical course of the disease, results of treatment, and the long-term consequences in pediatric patients with kidney abscess diagnosis.The renal abscess was diagnosed in 8 out of 32,000 hospitalized children (0.00025%) (5 girls, 3 boys, average age 6 years). In 7 cases, the association with urinary tract infection was confirmed (87.5%). In all patients, the abscess was limited to the renal parenchyma and its diameter was below 50 mm; two patients had multiple abscesses. Three children (37.5%) had a history of urinary tract disease. All patients had increased levels of the inflammation markers but the renal function parameters were within the reference values. Five children (62.5%) presented clinical symptoms (fever, pain, dysuria); in 2 children (25%) the clinical course was chronic and oligosymptomatic. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound examinations (US) were 100% accurate in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment. In all cases, antibiotic therapy was effective. Post-antibiotic treatment renoscintigraphy showed persistent post-inflammatory scars in 62.5% of cases.During 20 years of observations, kidney abscess was a rare complication of urinary tract infection. Most patients did not have any underlying risk factors. Ultrasound examination had high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment. Broad-spectrum, prolonged antibiotic therapy proved to be an effective treatment in all patients. However, after the abscess has been successfully healed, most patients required permanent nephrology care due to the presence of the post-inflammatory scars.

https://lekarzwojskowy.wim.mil.pl/pdf-159958-91897?filename=Kidney abscess as a rare.pdf


Handling apparatus, transporter present invention are generally used in the semiconductor process industry, carrier, tray, the molding process of the same device, a system and method for use of a thin protective confinement thermoplastic polymer film, such as PEEK. For alignment with the desired target surface of the molding material, thermoplastic film having a predetermined size and shape are selectively placed on the molding surface of the mold cavity. The molding process is bonded surface of the film on the contact surface of the molding material, the film is adhered permanently to the molding material. As a result, wear resistance, heat resistance, chemical resistance, confinement release gas, rigid reinforcement, hardness, reduction in plastic deformation, confined fluid absorption, only a surface to other performance characteristics are required, is compatible polymer film is selectively coupled.


Using GREET model,the life cycles of synthetic oil from indirect and direct coal liquefaction,synthetic natural gas and IGCC based on the WTW theory( from Well to Wheel) were calculated. The energy consumption and CO2 emission at all stages of the four kinds of fuel in the WTW were analyzed. The results show that,the total energy consumption from high to low is synthetic natural gas,indirect coal liquefaction synthetic oil,direct coal liquefaction synthetic oil,IGCC. The energy consumption of the first three is about two times of conventional diesel or gasoline,the total energy consumption of IGCC is about three-fifths of the traditional gasoline. The CO2 emission amount decrease gradually from indirect coal liquefaction synthetic oil,synthetic natural gas,direct coal liquefaction synthetic oil to IGCC.The emission amount of the first three,which have a certain market competitiveness,is 1. 6 to 3. 1 times of diesel or gasoline. The CO2 emissions of IGCC,which costs more than conventional one,is about seven-tenths of the CO2 emissions from traditional gasoline.


Objective:To explore the optimization method of administrating antibiotics for elective caesarean section.Methods:Applied prospective study,divided 83 cases into 2 groups randomly.The patients in group Ⅰreceived antibiotics during peri-operation and postoperation,while those in group Ⅱreceived traditionally antibiotics during postoperation,compare the two groups' indicatrixes of medicine and economics.Results:Mean body tempera K-ture,condition of cut agglutination and mean hospital days after operation were of no statistics difference in 2 groups,but puerperal morbidity、percapita dosage,days and cost of antibiotics usage were of statistical difference.Conclusion:The administration in groupⅠ would be more benefit than that in group Ⅱ for cesarean section.


Abstract: This paper describes the significance, content, progress and corresponding basic theory and experimental research methods of micron/nanometer scale thermal science and engineering, which is one of the latest cutting-edge disciplines, and analyzes the effects of micron nanometer devices on the scale effect series of challenging hot issues, discussed the corresponding emergence of some new phenomena and new concepts, pointed out that the micron/nano thermal science aspects of the recent development of several types of theory and experimental technology success and shortcomings, and summed up a number for the exploration of the new ways and new directions, especially on some typical micron/nano-thermal devices and micro-scale biological heat transfer in some important scientific issues and their engineering applications were introduced.


In this paper, we studied the phenylalanine amino acid in different systems, it means, the amino acid with different solvent molecules as water, ammonia and urea, via density functional theory (DFT). These molecules are present in the natural moisturizing factor (NMF) of skin that is found in the stratum corneum. The aim of this study is improving the understanding of the environment role and its influences. Therefore, in this paper we analyzed the vibrational modes (and compared to FT-Raman and FT-IR experimental values) and electronic properties as the charge densities (HOMO and LUMO). We also verified the hydrophobic effect and the dependence of amino acid structure on the quantities of solvent.


Any theory of Linguistics can have contribution in development of translation theories. Undoubtedly of the most important and popular theories in Linguistics in the last decades is Transformational Generative Grammar, called Generative Linguistics which has been developed as Government Binding (GB) theory as well as Minimalist Program (MP). The study has attempted to describe translation in terms of GB and MP theoretical foundations. In this study the most important issues in translation like the definition of translation, faithfulness to SL or TL readers, assessment of translation, constraints in translation, as well as the effect of translator have been studied in this frame work. In addition to the theoretical analyses, the pedagogical implication has also been proposed to improve translation syllabus.


The Embryology of blood vessels in retinal fundus pictures is an important aspect of diseases in eyes. Precise segmentation of the retinal blood vessel segmentation affects the distinctive attribute of retinal image analysis that is used in analysis of modern ophthalmology analytics. A simple and efficient computer based automated retinal blood vessel detection technique is proposed in this paper to eliminate complications in pre-and postprocessing steps and increased segmentation time, making it easier to identify retinal blood vessels.


In this article, a selective and sensitive photonic crystal (PC) sensor is designed to detect two types of alcohol, namely, ethanol and methanol, and to measure their concentration percentages. The use of different concentrations of each compound leads to a change in their densities that have definite correlations with the refractive indexes based on the Gladstone–Dale theory. According to the experimental results and the Gladstone–Dale theory, the value of the refractive index in different percentages of alcohols overlaps, which makes it difficult to detect them with optical techniques. We present a new solution to solve this problem, which is very interesting. The full width half maximum (FWHM) for spectrum of the ethanol and methanol mixtures with water are obtained as 1.2 and 1.4 nm, respectively. In this way, it is possible to distinguish between two types of alcohols. After this process and by diluting the solution of each of the alcohols below 30%, the overlap of the refractive indexes is prevented and the obtained resonance wavelength can be attributed to a determined percentage of alcohol. The performance parameters of the proposed sensor for both alcohols are quite promising so that the transmission, the quality factor, the sensitivity, and the figure of merit (FOM) are above 97%, 1092, 756 nm/RIU, and 593.9 RIU $^{-{1}}$ , respectively. Even, when two typical samples have the same refractive indexes, the sensor can distinguish the alcohol type and the sample's concentration. This capability along with the small size ( $123~\mu \text{m}^{{2}}{)}$ and high sensitivity is the special feature of the proposed PC sensor.


A systematic review to the current literatures regarding the revitalization of Northeast China has been provided in the beginning of this paper.Subsequently,the endogenous growth theory as well as its classic models is adopted to demonstrate the mechanisms of various policies leading toward different strategies.Finally,creative progresses in endogenous growth theory driven by the discovery of entrepreneurship capital are combined with the strategy for revitalizing northeast China,which depicts a new prospect for ongoing research.


Mark Ingram has been an actor, director and fight choreographer working in Canada and the USA for the past twenty-five years. He is the Artistic Director of the Rogue and Peasant Theatre Company (Toronto, Ontario), and a member of the Society of Canadian Fight Directors. He received his MFA (plus voice teaching diploma) from York University and currently teaches voice and acting at the Toronto Film School andYork University. He gratefully acknowledges the influences of his voice mentor, David Smukler (York University, one of the first teachers trained by Kristin Linklater) and fight mentor, Tony Si motes (University of Wisconsin/Madison, the first teacher trained by B.H.Barry). Speaking Physical Sentences


The response matrix method (RMM) is a famous twostep calculation method which would enable fast core transport calculation based on pre-generated response matrices. Due to its advantage that no homogenization is necessary, it once had stood as a compelling method for whole-core transport calculations. However, as the deterministic transport methods such as the method of characteristics (MOC) have become relatively cheap to be directly applied to the core analyses while providing much higher flexibility, RMM had gradually fallen out of interest. However, RMM may stand out again in the modern trend of computing processor technology development. As artificial intelligence (AI) and big data industries which require a tremendous amount of computing power are experiencing a significant growth, the processors are also being specialized to the operations used in those fields which involves large dense matrix operations. For example, a single GeForce RTX 2080 Ti GPU, which is consumer grade, is capable of delivering up to 110 TFLOPS of the matrix – matrix multiplication performance through the specialized tensor cores. It is equivalent to more than a thousand cores of typical server-grade CPU processors. In this regard, we suggest an RMM formulation using the Monte Carlo (MC) method. The calculation of response matrices with MC was introduced in the direct response matrix (DRM) method of HITACHI [1] and the COMET code [2], and both works demonstrated promising results. In their works, however, the response matrices are fixed to an assembly configuration, which limits the flexibility. Therefore, we introduce a pin-wise RMM and examine its feasibility.


Large eddy simulation (LES)/ Probability Density Function (PDF) approaches are now well established and can be used for simulating challenging turbulent combustion configurations with strong turbulence chemistry interactions. Transported PDF methods are known to be computationally expensive compared to flamelet-like turbulent combustion models. The pre-partitioned adaptive chemistry (PPAC) methodology was developed to address this cost differential. PPAC entails an offline preprocessing stage, where a set of reduced models are generated starting from an initial database of representative compositions. At runtime, this set of reduced models are dynamically utilised during the reaction fractional step leading to computational savings. We have recently combined PPAC with in-situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) to further reduce the computational cost. We have shown that the combined method reduced the average wall-clock time per time step of large-scale LES/particle PDF simulations of turbulent combustion by 39%. A key assumption in PPAC is that the initial database used in the offline stage is representative of the compositions encountered at runtime. In our previous study this assumption was trivially satisfied as the initial database consisted of compositions extracted from the turbulent combustion simulation itself. Consequently, a key open question remains as to whether such databases can be generated without having access to the turbulent combustion simulation. Towards answering this question, in the current work, we explore whether the compositions for forming such a database can be extracted from computationally-efficient low-dimensional simulations such as 1D counterflow flames and partially stirred reactors. We show that a database generated using compositions extracted from a partially stirred reactor configuration leads to performance comparable to the optimal case, wherein the database is comprised of compositions extracted directly from the LES/PDF simulation itself.


Coconut pulp residues waste generated after extraction of milk or oil. These wastes end up as feed to animals, fertilizers and firewood/cooking fuel whilst large quantities often left to rot in the field, which causes cause pollution, waste disposal problems and increase handling cost for farmers. In order to alleviate this problem, coconut pulp residue was used as feedstock for bioethanol production. However, improvements on pretreatment are necessary to produce higher sugar concentration prior to fermentation. Bioethanol production from coconut pure pulp residue (PPR) and combined pulp residue (CPRS) was investigated. The results showing 40 minutes' pre-hydrothermal treatment time and 2% mild sulphuric acid for PPR and 20 minutes' hydrothermal treatment time and 2% mild sulphuric acid for CPRS.


Extensive tropical floodplain wetlands, such as the Brazilian Pantanal, are complex ecosystems composed of mosaics of permanently and seasonally flooded habitats and are increasingly threatened by land use and climate change. Spatial and interannual variability in the seasonal flood pulse is a fundamental ecological driver in these ecosystems. This study analyzes optical imagery from the Sentinel-2 satellite to determine the extent and seasonal patterns of inundation over five years in the northern Pantanal, a Ramsar site renowned for its wildlife. The study site is bordered by the Cuiabá and São Lourenço rivers, each with distinct flow regimes. Inundation patterns were revealed with a combination of water indices, supervised classification of land cover, and a digital elevation model. Total extent of flooding was underestimated by the optical imagery, but open water bodies were readily delineated with the land cover classification.


B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) is a recently identified member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily that costimulates B lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. It prominently enhances the humoral responses to both T cell independent and T cell dependent antigens. BLyS is required to sustain proliferation of splenic germinal center (GC) B cell in vivo. As an antiapoptotic cytokine, BLyS provides survival signals by inducing up regulation of Bcl 2. Transgenic mice overexpressing BLyS in lymphoid cells develops symptoms characteristic of systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE).


This article aims at studying how Islamic feminism has enriched and pluralized feminist research through underscoring its particularity and ability to address the Muslim woman's quest for equality based on the Islamic referentiality and away from the Universalist feminist discourse. Thus, this paper argues that Islamic feminists draw their agency first from devising female-inclusive hermeneutics of the Islamic foundational texts which enables them to deconstruct the canonized dominant religious patriarchal discourses and second from manifesting the ability to depart from the mainstream Western feminism. I use the postmodernism ‒especially the features of the waning of affect and the weakening of the role of public history‒ to explore Islamic feminism's heterogeneous alternative approaches to the sacred texts and the Muslim woman's empowerment. This paper finds out that Islamic feminism is itself endowed with plurality and difference as it utilizes diversified approaches.


A kind of silica sol was prepared from tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) as the main material.The fixation effect of the silica sol to the dip dyed silk was investigated,and the silk were dyed by 7 kinds of cationic dyes and 7 kinds of basic dyes.It was found that the soaping fastness of most of the samples were improved by 1~2 level,and the soaping fastness of 5 silica sol treated samples were increased from grade 1 or 1~2 to grade 3 or better with a little effect on the hue.The surface morphology of fabric before and after silica sol treatment was observed by SEM and it was found that the gel thin film was attached on the surface of fabric,and the film was cross-linked filament gel fibers which could play a role in fixing dye molecules.


In this paper, we extend the nonlinearization method to the AKNS system with matrix potentials for obtaining new finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. The Liouville complete integrability of these Hamiltonian systems is further shown by using involutive and independent motion integrals.


This paper is concerned with a version of the Lebesgue dominated convergence theorem (DCT) which has been stated for the Kurzweil–Stieltjes integral of real functions. Our objective in this work is to analyze the extension of this result to include vector functions with values in Banach spaces. We establish that the mentioned convergence theorem for the Kurzweil–Stieltjes integral can be formulated in weaker versions for reflexive and separable Banach spaces, and spaces having the Schur property, nonetheless it is not verified in the general case.


The Empirical Green's Function Method was applied to synthesize strong ground motion to a large interplate subduction earthquake along the convergence between Nazca and South America plates. The synthetic seismograms for the main aftershock of the 1985 Central Chile earthquake (April 9, Ms = 7.2) were estimated using a smaller event (March 4, Ms = 6.0) as an empirical Green's function (Hartzell, 1978 [1]). We used this small event as a foreshock of our target event, for predicting the strong ground motion. The semi-empirical Green's function method developed by IRIKURA (1983 [2], 1986 [3]) is based on the assumption of an omega-square source model and a scaling law of earthquakes (Aki, 1967 [4]; Brune, 1970 [5], 1971 [6]). The input variables of this synthesis are consistent with the similarity condition of the source parameters (Kanamori and Anderson, 1975 [7]). A high value of the foreshock stress drop was found (300 bars), compared with the stress drop of the target event (21 bars). This difference implies that the stress drop correction factor (Irikura and Kamae, 1994 [8]), that should be used for the simulation, is less than one. A different value of the foreshock stress drop (8 bars) was found by Choy and Dewey (1988 [9]), using teleseismic data. This low stress drop can not fit with the results of our simulations. The accuracy of the simulations is evaluated comparing the fitness between observed and synthetic seismograms. The waveforms and peak values of displacement, velocity and acceleration were compared. The signals were also compared in the frequency domain using acceleration Fourier spectra and the pseudo-velocity response spectra. We found that with a very simple source model, the Empirical Green's Function method can adequately reproduce ground motion in a wide frequency range that matches well the observed accelerograms. An adequate estimation of the stress drop of the events is very important for a successful simulation. The waveforms and peak values are in very good agreement with the recorded motions. The Fourier spectra obtained has a very good coincidence in the frequency range from 0.2 to 4.0 Hz, and also the pseudo-velocity response spectra in the period range from 0.025 to 5 sec. This range of periods is very useful for the design of earthquake-resistant structures and seismic hazard assessment studies.


In this article, the European dimension is discussed with regard to its acceptance and realization in England and Germany. The author compares the EC-directive (1988) with the national documents on the European dimension and highlights similarities and differences. In both countries, the European dimension in education is officially highly accepted and acknowledged as a principle of education with high importance to all subjects. In section two, the author then exemplifies similarities and differences between England and Germany with regard to three questions: 1) the European dimension in Primary School, 2) the role of language teaching and 3) school partnerships. The last section deals with the question wheather the European dimension in education is compatible with multicultural education. It is investigated why in Germany European education is often decribed as multicultural education while in England multicultural education is close to global education and therefore restricted to Europe merely. This difference finds an explanation in the fact that in Germany migrants mainly stem from European countries while most migrants in England come from overseas countries. The author finally discusses how the danger of eurocentrism in the European dimension can be overcome with the help of the EC-directive where human rights and democracy are viewed asfoundations of the European tradition and identity.


The paper restudies the scale of basic medical insurance of China. Through detailed analysis from the angles of physiology, clinical medicine, insurance and economics, we hold that the actual pracitice of deciding the scale of basic medical insurance of China according to the current standard based on the level of medical expenditure and the scale of actual medical project, is not absolutely proper, for it is subject to enlarging ethical risk of medical expenditure and resulting in great wastes of medical resources. After analysis, we reach the conclusion that rational basic medical insurance should be defined in the reach the conclusion that rational basic medical insurance should be defined in the realm of emergency cases, serious illnesses as well as fatal illnesses.


The variability of the air2sea system in the low2frequency time domain can be decomposed into several systematic climate modes, namely, the decadal variability (DV) mode, the El N iA o Southern O scillation ( ENSO) mode, the annual cycle (AC) mode, the sem iannual cycle ( SC) mode and the intraseasonal variability ( ISV) mode. The combination of these p rimary modes in the air sea system orchestrates a comp lex climate system. The multi2 mode low2frequency variability in SST is investigated based on 22 a SST records from 1982 through 2003. The variation of SST in the past to decades undergoes a different combination of these dom2 inant climate modes over different regions, which leads to an interesting new classification of the global ocean based on the relative importance of these modes. The new classification can p rovide ideal locations for better monitoring of these low2frequency modes in the scientific p roof sense. Moreover, two no2annual variation and 14 no2sem iannual variation oceanic points, termed annual and sem iannual amphidromes, have been well defined in the AC and SC phase map s. The formation of these nodal points is attributed to the coup lings of climate modes in EOF analysis results.


Agriculture is the oldest human activity. The first agricultural crops in Istria (7th century) were cereals, olives and vines. The agrarian structure of Istria is unfavorable for the development of modern agriculture due to the size and fragmentation of the area. The natural conditions of the Istrian County are a great advantage for the development of plant and livestock production. An important role for the improvement of agriculture is played by programs for the development of agriculture in the County of Istria. During the past years, significant cooperation has been achieved with various institutions and agencies in Istria and abroad, and thus a number of significant projects have been realized. There is a growing emphasis on organic farming and production. It has a dual role, supplying the market according to consumer demands for organic products and contributing to environmental protection, animal welfare and rural development. The arrival of an increasing number of domestic and foreign tourists in the rural parts of Istria has stimulated the development of rural economies. The rural part of Istria is rich in accommodation in idyllic villages that exude silence and natural beauty, with a rich gastronomic offer of local products. These same domestic products try to be included in the tourist offer as much as possible in order to increase their consumption, as well as their recognizability.


Summary Seven rabbits immunized with acetone dried Salmonella typhosa produced both 19S and 7S agglutinins for the typhoid somatic antigens although the 19S antibodies predominated in most serum samples even after repeated injections of vaccine. The results suggest that the route of injection and amount of antigen injected may influence the relative amounts of 19S and 7S antibodies appearing in the serum.


Objectives: To investigate the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea by boulardii in children.Methods: In a randomized trial,216 children were enrolled,and divided into 2 groups.Boulardii was administered to 114 children who received antibiotic therapy before diarrhea(prevention);or to other 102 children after diarrhea(control).The incidence of AAD in two groups was compared.Results: The incidence of diarrhea was 19.29% in prevention group and 38.24% in the control group.The mean duration of diarrhea was(3.14±0.86) d in prevention group and(4.58±0.91) d in control group.The treatment of 2 groups were(4.09±1.11) d and(6.47±1.10) d.There were significant difference between two groups in both indicators(P0.01).Conclusion: Boulardii can be used to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children.


Fine and substantially no agglomerated particle is copper fine particles containing no. For example, when measured by the electron microscope, the average particle diameter (D) is 0.005 to 2.0㎛, dynamic light scattering type particle size The average particle diameter (d) as measured by a distribution analyzer is 0.005 to 2.0㎛, and ratio (d / D) 0.7 to 2 there is a copper fine particle is provided. If the two are not the first to form a copper oxide from the copper oxide standing complexing agent and protection is the divalent copper oxide with a reducing agent in the presence of colloid is provided a process comprising the step of generating copper particles by mixing in a liquid medium. Furthermore, the complexing agent and the divalent to reduce the copper oxide in the presence of a protective colloid, such as protein, the addition of a protective colloid removing agent such as a step, a protease to form the metal copper fine particles to remove the protective colloid and to achieve agglomeration of the metal copper fine particles there is a process including the step of filtering the mixture in step, and the pressure filter, a vacuum filter, a suction filter or the like is provided.


Using genetic algorithm(GA),the optimal design for cerebellar model articulation controller(CMAC) is first carried out with the limited overshoot. In addition,the proposed method is proved to be effective by the simulation of the wire tension CMAC controller optimal design.The simulation is also compared to the wire optimal PID controller in this paper.This method not only can overcome the too much times by traditional trialanderror design method, but also is able to obtain optimal control system design.The simulation results show that the proposed design method is more stable and easier than optimal PID.


Abstract : Our long-term goal is to achieve deeper understanding of physical processes of vertical coupling over topography and apply it to the development of more physically accurate model initialization and data assimilation techniques for ocean nowcasting and short and medium range forecasting in marginal seas.


For nonlinear control of the ship roll, this paper presents a novel nonlinear controller design method using the sum of squares (SOS) technique combined with the dual of Lyapunov's stability theorem based on density function. With this method, under fixed load condition and ship speed, nonlinear controller is designed for ship roll. The simulations are performed by taking ship roll model as an example.


One of the most serious concerns for green globalization is water pollution. Being a riverine country, Bangladesh is focused to improve its water quality with its increasing population. Water quality monitoring in daily basis has always been a costly initiative in terms of time, human resources for large number of water bodies scattered throughout the country; the task become more daunting for ensuring sustainability after cleaning or improving water quality once. The consistency of drinking water must be monitored in real time in order to ensure its safety. Quality of water also needs to be addressed for irrigation and fish farming. In this paper, a multi-sensor buoy especially for canal water of Dhaka city has been designed for condition monitoring and predictive maintenance purpose and developed accordingly to facilitate the measurement of water quality in a regular interval; monitoring the water quality changes trends; reporting the data to the authority; and finally relating the trends to develop a model for the future. The design and implementation for this real-time water quality monitoring using the Internet of Things (IoT) is of a low-cost framework. The prototype has been deployed and validated with its operations towards the purpose. The system which consists of multiple sensors, is used to measure the water's physical and chemical parameters including the Temperature, pH, turbidity, and the TDS (total dissolved solids) of the water. The core controller will process and calculate values received from the sensors. Arduino is used as a central controller. Finally, the sensors data are sent to respective parties via short messages (SMS) and also viewed on internet using WI-FI system. The developed mechanism can also be implicated for similar water quality monitoring network including lakes and rivers.


The ultrasound Doppler method for examination of the carotid artery is described. Out of a total of 370 patients examined with ultrasound Doppler for suspected arteriosclerosis in the carotid artery in 1988, 27 were also submitted to digital subtraction arteriography (DSA). The accuracy of the ultrasound examination was compared with DSA 90% (43/48) when differentiating between normal and affected carotid arteries, and 85% (41/48) when differentiating between stenoses of more than or less than 50%. All of the occlusions were correctly identified. It is concluded that ultrasound Doppler examination is an accurate method for diagnoses of stenosis in the carotid artery.


The article is devoted to the history of the ballet 'The Fairy Doll' with music by J. Bayer staged in St. Petersburg: from the first performance created by Sergei and Nikolai Legat at the Hermitage Theatre in 1902 to the nowadays when The Vaganova Ballet Academy is preparing the renewal of the ballet.


Aim The objective of this study was to determine the presence of the variants of canine parvovirus (CPV)-2 in the city of Quito, Ecuador, due to the high domestic and street-type canine population, and to identify possible mutations at a genetic level that could be causing structural changes in the virus with a consequent influence on the immune response of the hosts. Materials and Methods Thirty-five stool samples from different puppies with characteristic signs of the disease and positives for CPV through immunochromatography kits were collected from different veterinarian clinics of the city. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to determine the mutations in residue 426 of the VP2 gene, which determines the variants of CPV-2; in addition, four samples were chosen for complete sequencing of the VP2 gene to identify all possible mutations in the circulating strains in this region of the country. Results The results revealed the presence of the three variants of CPV-2 with a prevalence of 57.1% (20/35) for CPV-2a, 8.5% (3/35) for CPV-2b, and 34.3% (12/35) for CPV-2c. In addition, complete sequencing of the VP2 gene showed amino acid substitutions in residues 87, 101, 139, 219, 297, 300, 305, 322, 324, 375, 386, 426, 440, and 514 of the three Ecuadorian variants when compared with the original CPV-2 sequence. Conclusion This study describes the detection of CPV variants in the city of Quito, Ecuador. Variants of CPV-2 (2a, 2b, and 2c) have been reported in South America, and there are cases in Ecuador where CVP-2 is affecting even vaccinated puppies.


Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of using Nance appliance to enhance the anchorage units in Category 1 of ClassⅡmalocclusion patients.Methods26 cases Category 1 of ClassⅡpatients used the technique of edgewise appliance combined with Nance appliance to enhance the anchorage units. Measure the X-ray picture by cephalometry, then contrast and analyze the result.ResultAfter rectification, all patients bite at the neutrality occluding relation, and the side manner turn better. The cephalometry show that the U1-L1,U1-SN,U1-NA,L1-NB,IMPA,FMIA were significantly changed.ConclusionsNance appliance in the use of rectifying Category 1 of ClassⅡ malocclusion patients shows a significant effect. It is worthy to be used and spread.


Background : Anesthetic service is a medical service in which required knowledge, skill and preparation of practitioners to prevent complications. Moreover limitation of operation rooms where all of the ten rooms were assigned for 25 to 30 cases per day shift has increased risk of complication and difficulty of operations. Thus to provide the effective anesthetic service and optimize operation room utilization, the reduction of anesthetic induction time procedure was therefore applied to the practice to reduce patient waiting time of anesthetic department. Objective :   To reduce anesthetic induction time by developed clinical practice of anesthetic process. Study design :   Action research Patient :   Population was a group of 7,242 patients in anesthetic department, Surin hospital. Methods : Research tool was collected sheet which comprised of three parts; patient demographic data, anesthetic induction record of each patient in operation room and customer satisfaction questionnaire. The questionnaire was approved for content validity from experts. Process of this research were; 1. planning and preparation 2. applied the developed procedure to practice and 3. review and evaluation. Data was collected from patient service chart during February 2008 to January 2009. Data was analyzed and presented by mean and percentage. Result : After the developed operating procedure was adopted for anesthetic induction to patient; average anesthetic induction time was 6.45 minutes which complied with goal indicator. Anesthetic induction cycle was reduced to 71.33% while over 80% of customer satisfied with this Anesthetic service. Conclusion : According to the result; this developed procedure might be an effective guideline for quality assurance of anesthesia process. The new procedure required participation of all practitioners to develop the procedure through sharing opinion in all aspects of anesthesia process which is consequently convenient and explicit procedure. The practitioners felt as part of the developed procedure therefore co-operate for goal achievement. Key words :   reduction of anesthetic induction time, anesthetic induction


A case of neurilemmoma of the vagus nerve is reported. The patient is alive and well 8 years following resection.


ABSTRACT Prior to the onset of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, experts predicted an extensive cyber conflict. However, to date the scale of known cyberattacks has been quite modest. Pundits suggest that Ukraine's improved cyber defenses, which it developed through its close cooperation with Western partners, is one of the possible explanations for Russia's limited cyber front. This article interrogates this claim, outlining two plausible reasons for the limited effectiveness of Ukraine's cyber defenses in the Kremlin's limited cyber front. First, despite an extensive outpouring of cyber knowledge and expertise from the West, Ukraine's cyber capabilities are still organizationally and operationally underdeveloped. Second, limited fungibility of cyber capabilities complicates interoperability between any joint operations and diminishes the West's willingness to share their time-limited cyber tools with Ukraine. By explaining the challenges of interstate cooperation in the cyber domain, this article contributes to the literature on the role of alliances in modern warfare.


: Which kinds of events can bring more happiness to us? Which types of events are more likely to make people sad? Are those events related to life, relationships, work, or study? Some clues can be found by analyzing many texts recorded by myriad number of users on social media. This study used natural language processing (NLP) techniques to mine important information from 80,747 text-based Weibo blog posts and determined their textual sentiment values. SPSS statistical software was also used to analyze the variance in sentiment values of life, relationships, work, and study related texts. The results showed that work-related texts had the highest proportion of negative sentiment values and a significantly lower mean sentiment value, and that study-related texts had a significantly higher mean sentiment value.


This paper aims to analyze in which way the fourth power's theory, developed by Bernd Schünemann, can contribute to the rational control of the delegitimized operational reality of the Brazil's criminal system. Therefore, it analyzes the existent incongruity between the speech and the operational reality practiced, that imposes the construction of a juristic speech, in criminal mater, that seeks to reduce the real violence, through rational criterions. After veryfying the social and academic's reality from where the referred, theory was developed, it is constatated that its incorporation to the brazilian's reality demands the improvement of law's science and teaching practiced.


A camera lens cover assembly includes means for: set close to the front panel of the subject, the front panel is provided with a first optical path and a supporting portion projecting toward the film or the image pickup portion; at least one pair of baffles, said stop a hinge panel connected to the front panel for opening and closing the front panel, a first optical path; a plurality of elastic members, provided on the front panel, so as to bias the shutter to the open position; shutter cover, fixed to the baffles to surround the front panel, so as to prevent the shutter along the optical axis offset from the baffle cover is provided with a second optical path; rotatably connected to the cover flap drive member, the drive member is provided with a third optical channels and pushing the shutter to a closed position of the projection; and energy transmission device, linear motion of the lens barrel for converting rotational motion to the drive member or a member for operating the shutter closing direction.


The antioxidant effects of 16 kinds of essential oil were studied by the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical (DPPH·). It showed that Angelica oil, Nutmeg oil,Laurel oil ,Tea Tree oil,Clove oil were the strongest antioxidant in the these essential oil. Thyme oil, Geranium oil, Lavender oil, Wintergreen oil, Cedarwood oil were middle antioxidant. Rosemary oil,Michelia leaf oil, Eucalyptus oil,Peppermint oil were the feeble antioxidant.


DNS hijacking represents a security threat to users because it enables bypassing existing DNS security measures. Several malware families exploit this by changing the client DNS configuration to point to a malicious DNS resolver. Following the assumption that users will never actively choose to use a resolver that is not well-known, our paper introduces the idea of detecting client-based DNS hijacking by classifying public resolvers based on whether they are well-known or not. Furthermore, we propose to use NetFlow-based features to classify a resolver as well-known or malicious. By characterizing and manually labelling the 405 resolvers seen in four weeks of NetFlow data from a national ISP, we show that classification of both well-known and malicious servers can be made with an AUROC of 0.85.


The current literature allows an analysis of the electron impact mass spectral fragmentations of cocaine (I). Using published high-resolution mass measurements as a reference, the mass spectra of several cocaine derivatives were examined—specifically those having individual functional group modifications at the nitrogen, alkyl ester group, aromatic ring and two-carbon bridge. Previously proposed major fragmentation pathways are supported by these data, and structures and mechanisms for lesser fragmentations are proposed. The relative intensities of the m/z 152 ions in the mass spectra of the cocaine diasteromers are rationalized based on these proposals.


Objective To investigate the effect of intensive insulin therapy at early stage on the expression of monocytes mCD14 and HLA-DR in patients with severe sepsis.Methods Fifty patients with severe sepsis were randomly divided into intensive insulin therapy group(n=25)and control group(n=25).The expression monocytes mCD14 and HLA-DR in peripheral blood of patients by flow cytometry,and ApachⅡscores and mortality were recorded during the study.Results The expression rates of monocytes mCD14 and HLA-DR were significantly decreased in patients with severe sepsis,as compared with those in control group(P0.05).The expression rates of monocytes mCD14 and HLA-DR in patients receiving intensive insulin therapy were significantly increased,as compared with those in patients without treatment(P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion Intensive insulin therapy at early stage can obviously improve immune functions of patients with severe sepsis,increase survival rate and improve prognosis.


In what follows small latin letters denote rational integers (whole numbers) and we write Let us consider the system of k equations 1 that is These equations are obviously satisfied if the b are a permutation of the a; such a solution we call trivial.


An introduction to the techniques of analysis of hadron collider events is presented in the context of the quark-parton model. Production and decay of W and 2 intermediate vector bosom are used as examples. The structure of the Electroweak theory is outlined. Three simple FORTRAN programs are introduced, to illustrate Monte Carlo calculation techniques. Introduction These lectures are intended for a classroom rather than a technical seminar. A review of the present experimental situation in hadron collider physics has been published elsewhere? Here we will attempt to explain the ideas behind the interpretation of hadron collider events. To do this we rely heavily on some standard texts in the field: "Collider Physics" by Barger and Phillips;* "Quarks and Leptons" by Halzen and Martin;3 "Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions" bye Quigg;4 "Gauge Theories in Particle Physics" by Aitchison and Hey;s and "Concepts of Particle Physics" by Gottfried and Weisskopf.6 The periodic publications of the Particle Data Group7 furnish the latest experimental results and in addition establish conventions to be followed in defining parameters of the theory, naming the particles, etc. In the notes that follow we will borrow freely from these texts, sometimes citing specific sources, but sometimes not.. We admit our debt to the above authors at the outset, hoping that lapses in citation will henceforth be forgiven. The selection of topics and the organization has been chosen to cover the subject in five one hour lectures. Although much material has been omitted by necessity, the objective of these notes is to be comprehensible and self contained. There are homework problems scattered throughout the notes, which should be worked out by the interested reader. Calculating physical quantities is always enlightening, and is necessary for progress to be made in the science.


The term fine steel refers to very thin (25 μm to about 0.2 mm) steel strip used to make integrated circuit lead frames, shadow masks, and other such electronic parts. And, as one would expect, shape and surface quality requirements for this material are extremely stringent. In conventional practice, fine steels are rolled on cluster mills or the like. However, with increasingly strict demands for surface quality, there has been a growing concern about support marks imprinting onto the strip from the segmented support rolls found on such mills. Here, directing our attention toward the design ofa rolling mill that does not have segmented support rolls within the range ofthe strip width, we developed the Universal Crown Control Mill for fine steel (UCIF-MILL) for the cold rolling offine steel and other ultra-thin materials. The UCIF-MILL provides a high degree of surface quality by the use ofsupport rolls mounted outside ofthe range ofmaximum strip width and which act to horizontally support the work rolls from both the entry and delivery. Furthermore, the newly developed mill allows for the stable control of shape by (a) varying the offset of the work rolls and (b) applying a horizontal bending force to the work rolls to minimize work-roll horizontal deflection. The UCIF-MILL has been installed and recently put into service at two plants in Japan.


In early 1989, Israeli Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin raised the idea of elections in the West Bank and Gaza Strip as a mechanism for stimulating negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians. Although many dismissed it as an Israeli ploy to buy time from the Palestinian uprising and to placate the United States, by April, when Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir visited the United States, the elections idea had assumed center stage.


The aim of EU Regional Policy is to intervene effectively in regions that "lag behind" in economic terms and to finance development programmes through the allocation of Structural Funds which operate in accordance with the principles of subsidiarity, additionality and partnership. This policy should allow regions to converge with EU averages in terms of income and employment. Italy and Spain provide very good examples within the EU as a whole, of significant economic disparities between regions that still appear to be present. We argue and provide substantial evidence of the fact that the persistence of such disparities is mainly due to inefficient administrative and institutional capacity at the regional level. Although some regions have brought themselves towards the average, in Italy and Spain, there is evidence that certain administrative, institutional and implementation problems have tended to appear, hampering the opportunities of regions to converge in the required way. Because of this, regional economic convergence and thereby socio-economic cohesion are still beyond reach. Two decades after the 1988 Reform of the Structural Funds, EU Regional Policy has only partially succeeded in reducing regional economic divergence within Italy and Spain, where regional economic inequalities still exist. Although we demonstrate that some regions have been able to move forward in the requisite way, it is questionable whether all of the support for these regions can actually be eliminated completely in the near future with the challenges that the EU faces, particularly in relation to the latest round of Enlargement.


Since 2009 three Italian criminal cases involving neuroscientific and behavioral genetics evidence have been brought to the public attention. In these cases, the judge took the results of the tests into great consideration in order to reach a final decision on the accused person's insanity and criminal responsibility. The possibility to deeply investigate the mechanisms at the basis of a person's behavior is undeniably attractive. Analyzing what has happened so far, however, raises various thorny questions. Some of them can be summarized as follows: a) from a procedural point of view, what way should the neuroscientific and behavioral genetic evidence pass through? B) Once this evidence is brought in front of a judge or a jury, what contribution does it offer in comparison with the traditional psychiatric analysis and other forensic sciences? C) May neuroscience and behavioral genetics be helpful during the offenders' post-sentence treatment and, if so, why such cases are not known yet? This article aims to face these questions and pose the basis for some initial answers through the analysis of the recent Italian case law and a comparison with the US criminal system


In this paper, transient current and voltage responses, caused by low and high impedance faults in a power system with distributed generation (DG) systems, are investigated. The proposed approach utilizes a novel transient index (TI) based on the voltage during fault at the point of common coupling. The proposed technique uses voltage signals at DG connection point to provide the value of TI. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated on a power system consisting of photovoltaic systems and wind turbine generators as the case study by using a real-time simulator. The simulation results, which will be included in the full paper, show the fast and reliable operation of the proposed fault detection technique as compared to the existing fault detection methods, not only for low impedance transient faults but also for high impedance faults.


Definition Fog is an accumulation of water droplets or ice crystal fines accompanied by hygrosco-pic, water-saturated fine particles that act to reduce visibility. Its composition is thus identical to that of a cloud whose base would actually touch the ground. Whenever horizontal visibility has been diminished to less than one kilometer, the term fog gets employed. Should the level of visibility reach or surpass this threshold, the appropriate term would be mist. Propagation of light through fog In the presence of fog, visible light (with a wavelength situated between 400 and 700 nanometers) must be propagated within an aerosol that contains a large number of water droplets. During its trajectory, the light from headlamps is attenuated by the dual phenomena of absorption and diffusion, which leads to characterizing fog by means of an extinction coefficient k (equal to the sum of the absorption and diffusion coefficients). In reality however, the absorption phenomenon is negligible in this type of aerosol. The predominant phenomenon therefore proves to be diffusion, which acts to deviate light rays from their initial direction. Such is the origin of fog illumination, or haze luminance, a phenomenon so highly characteristic of daytime fog. The Koschmieder model In 1924, Koschmieder [4] proposed his theory on the apparent luminance of objects observed against background sky on the horizon. In noting that a distant object winds up blending in with the sky, he established a simple relationship between the distance d of an object with intrinsic luminance L o and its apparent luminance L as follows: (1) where L f denotes the luminance of the sky and k the extinction coefficient of the atmosphere. Based on these results, Duntley [4] derived an attenuation law of atmospheric contrasts: (2) where C designates the apparent contrast at distance d and C o the intrinsic contrast of the object against its background. This law is only applicable in the case of uniform illumination of the atmosphere. In order for the object to be just barely visible, the value of C must equal the contrast threshold ε. From a practical standpoint, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) [5] has adopted an average value of ε = 5% for the contrast threshold so as to define a conventional distance, called the " meteorological visibility distance " V met , i.e. the greatest distance at which a black object (C o = 1) of a suitable dimension …


Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disorder, characterized by noncaseating granulomas affecting multiple body organs with the lungs (90%) most commonly involved [1]. Historically, sarcoidosis was first identified in 1877 by Dr. Jonathon Hutchinson and later characterized in 1899 by Dr. Caesar Boeck in an effort to describe skin nodules with the appearance of sarcoma hence the term "sarc" was derived [2]. According to Iannuzzi et al. sarcoidosis affects persons of all racial and ethnic backgrounds with a peak incidence at 20 to 40 years. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics notes greater than 23,000 deaths in the US from 1988 to 2007, with age-adjusted sarcoidosis mortality greater than 50% in women and 30.1% in men [3]. Swigris et al. [3] further notes the incidence of sarcoidosis in blacks is more than triple that of whites (35.5 cases versus 10.9 cases per 100,000) with greater prevalence among African American females. The overall average incidence in the US is 10-50/100,000 population [4].


In the hypothetical Royal River Project there are several factors pertaining to environmental issies; these factors have a bearing on selection among the several alternatives and lead, perhaps, to the development of additional alternatives. The rationale behind the environmental points is explained here in more detail than might be given in formal testimony or position papers, in order to show that these points and the positions resulting from them are not irrational.


Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are a major advance in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Respiratory complications (pleural eff usions and lung parenchyma abnormalities) of these treatments are common with imatinib and dasatinib. We report the case of a patient who developed interstitial pneumonia after a year of imatinib (Glivec ® ) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and who has not relapsed after the introduction of the recent tyrosine kinase inhibitor


Objective To summarize the clinical features of extramedullary plasmacytoma(EMP) in the head and neck,and to improve the abilities of clinical diagnosis and treatment for the disease. Methods Clinical data of 14 cases of EMPs in the head and neck,treated in our hospital from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 2008 was analysed retrospectively. The related literature was reviewed. Of all the 14 cases,8 cases occurred in unilateral nasal and sinonasal cavities,1 in bilateral nasal cavities and maxillary sinuses,3 in nasopharynx,1 in posterior wall of oropharynx,1 in larynx. Results Of all the 14 patients with pathologically confirmed EMP in the head and neck,3 patients died,condition of 2 patients progressed to multiple myeloma,3 recurred and 2 reoperated,5 were still disease-free alive,2 lost follow-up. The mean follow-up was 42 months,follow-up rate was 85.7%(12/14) .Conclusion EMP in the head and neck is a rare malignant neoplasm. The clinical manifestation of EMP is not specific and diagnosis mainly depends on pathological result. Surgery combined with radiotherapy is the main treatment the tumor.


Plant Science
Cellular phosphate (Pi) levels are tightly controlled, but it is not clear how eukaryotic cells actually "measure" the concentration of Pi. Wild et al. now show that inositol polyphosphate (InsP) signaling molecules regulate Pi homeostasis in fungi, plants, and humans by interacting with SPX-domain-containing proteins. SPX domains are found in many eukaryotic Pi transporters, Pi-regulated enzymes, and signaling proteins. InsP binding allowed SPX domains to interact with different target proteins. In plants, one such target protein is a transcription factor. During normal growth, high levels of InsP promoted formation of a SPX protein-transcription factor complex. Under Pi starvation, InsP levels dropped, releasing the transcription factor to promote Pi starvation-response gene transcription.

Science , this issue p. [986][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aad9858


Best practice guidelines for the management of electronic documents and systems to maximize their value in a Court of Law.


H E DIAGNOSTIC USE OF ACRIDINE ORANGE T (a.0.) stained smears of exfoliated cells from human cancers has been evaluated critically by Berta1anffy.l He presented only limited information regarding the use of the stain in patients receiving radiotherapy for accessible malignancies. I feel that the a.0. technique, which is based on the specific binding of the fluorochrome to nucleic acids, offers not only a valuable method in the cytodiagnosis of cancer but also a means of following the progressive radiation-induced changes in these acids in desquamated cells. A description of the alterations in the a. 0. staining of the cytoplasm of irradiated Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and a discussion of the mechanism of the binding of a. 0. in the cytoplasm were reported recently.8 The present paper deals with the effect of irradiation upon the staining properties of the cytoplasmic RNA of malignant cells seen in smears from cancers of the human uterus and oral cavity. The effect of irradiation on the cytoplasmic stain of normal epithelial cells of the vaginal and oral cavity also will be considered.


: Public participation in public institutions is important for the quality of social delivery of services. Public participation encourages citizen- focused service delivery and improves credibility among the citizenry. Public participation is the process through which stakeholders input and share control over development initiatives, decisions and resources which affect them. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of public participation practices on the quality of social service delivery in Rwanda. The investigation focuses on service providers' views of the qualities, as it is only through their understanding of the situation that service quality can be improved. This is a qualitative study based on interviews with employees of government organizations and document analysis. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The target population of the study was 7000 respondents. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected through structured questionnaires. A pilot test was conducted to detect weaknesses in design and instrumentation. The sample size of 378 respondents is determined using the Yamane's formula. The questionnaire was pretested before data collection for validation and reliability. The collected data was coded and analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 was used. Testing of hypotheses was done using analysis of variance. Variance Inflation Factor was used to illustrate the significance of the association between governance practices on the quality of social service delivery by local governments in Rwanda. Analyzed data was presented using tables and percentages. coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.658, which means that this variable alone can explain up to 65.8% of the variations in the dependent variable, quality of social service delivery by local governments in Rwanda. The findings further confirm that the regression model of public participation practices on quality of social service delivery by local governments in Rwanda is significant for the data F=156.122, p<0.01) since p-values was 0.00 which is less than 0.05. The study recommends that Public sector in Rwanda must provide training, workshops and sessions in the workplace to assist officials to understand the process of public participation. Manuals need to be provided to officials of the public sector guiding them on procedures of public participation.


A new strained germacycle, 3,4-benzo-1,1,2,2-tetraethyl-1,2-digermacyclobut-3-ene (1), was prepared by treatment of 1,2-bis(chlorodiethylgermyl)benzene with sodium in toluene. At ambient temperature, 1 was gradually oxidized in air to give 3,4-benzo-1,3-digerma-2-oxacyclopent-4-ene (2), and in the presence of sulfur, 1 was converted to 3,4-benzo-1,3-digerma-2-thiacyclopent-4-ene (3), quantitatively under similar thermal conditions. The digermacyclobutene 1 was thermally labile and readily underwent ring-opening polymerization in toluene to give the corresponding polymer 4 (Mn = 4.4 × 105, Mw = 7.4 × 105, Mw/Mn = 1.7). On thermolysis at 160 °C for 20 h, 1 gave two products, 4,5-benzo-1,2,3-trigermacyclopent-4-ene (5) and 3,4:6,7-dibenzo-1,2,5-trigermacyclohepta-3,6-diene (6), in reasonable yields. On the other hand, the thermolysis of 1 in the presence of phenylacetylene gave 2,3-benzo-1,4-digerma-5-phenyl-cyclohexa-2,5-diene (7), quantitatively. Further, 1 was thermolyzed in CCl4 to give two chlorinated p...


This Brief Communication answers an unsettled question pointed out by Peters and Stoker [Commun. Pure Appl. Math 13, 115 (1960)] with regard to a critical case of a two-layer fluid flow with a free surface supported by a horizontal rigid bottom. In the critical case the coefficient of the nonlinear term in the Korteweg–deVries (KdV) equation vanishes and the KdV theory models only a parallel flow. By using higher-order asymptotic expansion, an extended and a modified KdV equation are derived and internal solitary waves and transition waves in the critical case are found.


This paper examines the methods of chlorination used
and the software and hardware components required to
improve the water quality.


Anti-human CD90 antibody-immobilized thermoresponsive cell culture surfaces were prepared as a model for developing next-generation thermoresponsive cell culture dishes. Thymic carcinoma cells (Ty-82) didn't adhere on isotype antibody-immobilized surfaces, and the cells aggregated. By contrast, Ty-82 cells selectively adhere on anti-human CD90 antibody-immobilized thermoresponsive surfaces. This result indicated that Ty-82 adhered onto the CD90 antibody-immobilized surfaces through affinity interaction, not through nonspecific interactions. The cells were detached from the surfaces by lowering temperature to 20 °C with pipetting. Neonatal normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) were also adhered on the surfaces, and formed the monolayer. By reducing the temperature to 20 °C, NHDFs were spontaneously detached as a single cell sheet. In conclusion, antibody-immobilized thermoresponsive cell culture surfaces for regulating selective cell adhesion were successfully prepared. This surface technology would be useful for selective cell attachment/detachment system such as cell separation.


The new species Carpelimus (s.str.) sichuanensis sp.n. is described from the Palaearctic region of China. РЕЗЮМЕ: Описывается новый вид Carpelimus (s.str.) sichuanensis sp.n. из палеарктической части Китая. The subgenus Carpelimus Leach, 1819 is a monophyletic group with a characteristic internal sac of the aedeagus that always bears strongly sclerotised tooth-like structures [Gildenkov, 2001a, b; 2003; 2007a, b]. This subgenus is one of the best known in the genus Carpelimus, and the discovery of a new species, especially in the Palaearctic region, is therefore of considerable interest. Forty five species and 3 non-nominative subspecies of the genus Carpelimus have so far been described from the Old World [Gildenkov, 2015b], of which 16 species from China and Taiwan [Gildenkov, 2015a, b; 2016]. For the Palaearctic part of China [Gildenkov, 2016], only 7 species Carpelimus (s.str.) are currently known: C. capillus Gildenkov, 2013; C. indicus (Kraatz, 1859); C. politus politus (Kiesenwetter, 1844); C. praelongus (Bernhauer, 1938); C. pusillus (Gravenhorst, 1802); C. tener (Bernhauer, 1902); C. vagus (Sharp, 1889). Of those, only 4 species (C. indicus, C. politus politus, C. pusillus, and C. tener) have so far been reported from Sichuan province, from which the new species is described and which is regarded here as part of the Palaearctic region [Gildenkov, 2015a; 2016]. This paper is based on the specimens deposited in the following collections: cGR — private collection of Guillaume de Rougemont (Oxford, Great Britain); cMG — private collection of M. Gildenkov (Smolensk, Russia). In the present study, standard methods were used for the taxonomic research of insects; the preparations were made on an MBS-10 binocular microscope. The genital preparations were processed using 10% KOH and then fixed in euparal. In the descriptions and diagnoses giving the length to width ratio for the head, pronotum, and elytra, the following standard units were used: 7 standard units = 0.1 mm; thus, 1 standard unit constitutes about 0.0143 mm. Carpelimus (s.str.) sichuanensis Gildenkov, sp.n. Figs 1–2. MATERIAL. Holotype, # "CHINA X.1985 Sichuan: Leshan | G. de Rougemont" (cGR). Paratypes: 1$ "CHINA X.1985 Sichuan: Leshan | G. de Rougemont" (cGR); # "CHINA: N-Sichuan (Daba Shan), 65 km N Fengjie, river bank, 1000 m, 31°40 ́ N, 109°34 ́ E, leg. M. Schülke [C01-08]" "10.VII.2001, fine gravel bank (floating, treading) [C01-08]" (cMG). DESCRIPTION Male (holotype). Length 2.4 mm. Colouration brown, integument slightly shining. Head and abdomen black brown; pronotum and elytra dark brown with slight reddish tint, much paler than head and abdomen; legs yellowish brown; antennal base light brown, progressively darker to brown at apex. Body with short, light-coloured setae. Head transverse, with wide base, ratio of head length (from neck mid-length to anterior margin of clypeus) to its maximum width about 20:30. Neck constriction prominent. Eyes large, convex, occupying almost entire lateral side of head; temples almost indistinct, head widest across eyes (Fig 1). Head surface with delicate, fine and dense punctation. Diameter of punctures on vertex more than 5 times as small as that of eye facet. Punctures on front smaller and more densely set. Punctures on vertex separated by slightly less than their diameter, interspaces smooth and slightly shining. Antennae long. Antennal segment 1 elongate, cylindrical, more than twice as long as its maximum width; segment 2 conical, more than twice as long as its maximum width, much narrower and shorter than segment 1; segment 3 conical, more than twice as long as its maximum width, much narrower and shorter than segment 2; segments 4–7 similar, with lengths exceeding significantly maximum widths; segment 8 conical, about as long as wide; segments 9–10 slightly conical, about as long as wide, much more massive than segment 8; segment 11 massive, pointed apically, about 1.5 times as long as its maximum width; last 3 segments form loose club. Pronotum widened from base, with maximum width about 2/3 its length from base, then progressively narrowed. Lateral margin shallowly emarginate from base, broadly rounded from its maximum width (Fig. 1). Ratio of pronotum length to its maximum width about 27:33. Surface of pronotum with delicate, fine and dense punctation; punctures separated by distance equal to or slightly less than their diameter, interspaces smooth and slightly shining. Punctation similar to that on vertex. Base of pronotal disc with prominent, symmetrical, widely-crescent depressions. Central part of disc with shallower, oval depressions merging across midline to single butterfly-shaped depression (Fig. 1).


As an admitted Shanghai chauvinist, I look forward to reading books dealing with the city where I studied more than two decades ago, particularly ones such as this which promise a rather comprehensive overview of the Shanghai scene at the turn of the millennium. Pamela Yatsko served as Far Eastern Economic Review bureau chief there in the mid-to-late 1990s, and obviously knows the city and its people well. She shared, as I did, their frustration throughout the 1980s as they watched cities such as Hong Kong become world economic powers (spearheaded by Shanghainese refugees), and backwaters such as Shenzhen, which barely existed until the 1980s, attract global attention for their explosive growth. And she cannot avoid being struck by the rapidity with which Shanghai rebuilt itself once Beijing gave the green light after Deng Xiaoping's 1992 visit.


It is shown, under weak conditions, that the dynamical evolution of an important class of large systems of globally coupled, heterogeneous frequency, phase oscillators is, in an appropriate physical sense, time-asymptotically attracted toward a reduced manifold of system states. This manifold, which is invariant under the system evolution, was previously known and used to facilitate the discovery of attractors and bifurcations of such systems. The result of this paper establishes that attractors for the order parameter dynamics obtained by restriction to this reduced manifold are, in fact, the only such attractors of the full system. Thus all long time dynamical behavior of the order parameters of these systems can be obtained by restriction to the reduced manifold.


The invention provides a Nandflash controller capable of dynamically adjusting an ECC (Error Correcting Capability). The Nandflash controller is composed of a microcontroller, a system interface controller, a system-end DMA (Direct Memory Access) controller, a system memory, a Nandflash DMA controller, an ECC control logic unit, an ECC decoder, a data cache region, an ECC encoder and a Nandflash interface controller. The Nandflash controller disclosed by the invention adopts a Nandflash of the data to dynamically adjust the ECC in a data transmission process, so that the Nandflash controller can simultaneously support Nandflash memories with different qualities, the use range of the Nandflash controller is expanded and the application requirements are met.


The Government of India has launched life insurance scheme Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Yojana (PMJJBY) for the social security of Indians in the age group of 18–50 years. This article investigates the feasibility of this scheme based on the quantitative comparison of actual premium charged and expected premium rates for Indian population for each age year in the age group of 18–50 years. We have evaluated expected premium for all ages based on two life tables for Indian population. The nature of the scheme and social security of people to be achieved through PMJJBY is demonstrated based on some actuarial computations. Statistical analysis is presented based on recent available data of number of insured and claim received under this scheme.


For modeling the new image of the military hospital under the new situation, it is expounded in this article that the main characteristic and measure of the image construction of the military hospital; it is put forward that the tenet servicing the soldiers in the military hospital, the new image of the military hospital is set in the military and the society; and whole development of the hospital should be pushed.


To establish how guided physical activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) without known cardiovascular disease affected vascular and cardiac function, and how these two entities were prospectively interconnected in this patient group.


1) What's the main question being asked or hypothesis being tested in this study? We want to develop the Creepiness of Situation Scale. It shall be a measure of the creepiness of a situation. We define creepiness as an unclear feeling relatively early within an ambiguous situation; people that find themselves in a creepy situation do not know how to behave, they do not know what to expect of this situation and the situation somehow feels threatening. Creepy feelings should rather occur in unknown and new situations than in familiar situations. The first step for developing this scale was the item generation. This step was already executed. Two SMEs searched the literature towards creepiness. Based on this literature the SMEs generated items, discussed these items, talked about potential dimensions of creepiness, translated the items into English and sent them to a native English-speaking proofreader. 14 items were generated. You can find the in our OSF storage (https://osf.io/327zb/)


The paper proposes a Petri net extended with stochastic priced transition and discusses the possible application domain of this new type of Petri net. Firstly we define stochastic priced Petri net (SPPN) by adding a stochastic price to transition. Then we use SPPN to establish the economic model for a simple business process and make profit analysis. Finally we draw a conclusion that using SPPN in business process modeling is feasible


In the era of industry 4.0, procurement in supply chain management is the key to developing information management systems. It directly affects production planning failure. In this case, it is the process to prepare and confirming the material inventory is in the ordinal stages and be able to produce the products in any production line. In terms of industrial informatics, it can provide information management approaches for leveraging data sharing between factories. The multiobjective optimization will be enabled by integrating material inventory, production planning and monitoring, and transportation planning collaboration. The material-inventory transportation problem is the virtual factory situation when production plan failure occurs. It becomes the cost to transport material between each factory and the distribution to clients. In this study, the question of the material-inventory transportation problem is: How can we transport other materials from one factory into another factory? This study proposed a model to find out about the adjustment of material inventory through transportation. The objective of this model is to minimize the whole production cost and total transportation cost.


Boron-doped furan resin carbons were prepared by high temperature(2 000 and 3 000 ℃) treatment furan resin containing 5%(mass fraction) boric acid after carbonization.The phase composition,microstructure and surface morphology of furan resin carbons were investigated by XRD,Raman spectroscopy,XPS and SEM.Electrochemical behaviors of samples were studied by galvanostatic charge/discharge test.The results indicate that boron doping exhibits catalytic graphitization effect and brings evident different morphologies.The electrode reversible capacity is closely correlated with crystal parameters of the materials by XRD and Raman.The larger the structure order is,the crystallite the size is,the higher the reversible capacity is.The boron doping furan resin carbon prepared at 3 000 ℃ obtains high structure order and crystal orientation with La and Lc reaching 25.93 and 27.17 nm,respectively,and shows high reversible capacity of about 310 mA.h/g and no capacity fading after 50 cycles.


Sleep problems are often described as the "hallmark symptoms" of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients with PTSD show numerous disruptions of emotional functioning. Experimental evidence has shown that the ability to retain extinction memories following fear conditioning is impaired in people with PTSD. Because of the key role of sleep in memory consolidation and emotional regulation, we hypothesized that regulating sleep and circadian rhythms with morning blue-wavelength light therapy would facilitate emotional recovery and the ability to retain extinction memories.

 Eighty-four individuals with PTSD (56 female; Age=31.38, SD=8.9) underwent a well-validated fear conditioning and extinction protocol and were then randomly assigned to receive either 6-weeks of BLUE (469 nm; n=44) or placebo AMBER (578 nm; n=40) morning light therapy for 30-minutes daily. Participants returned to undergo post-treatment extinction recall when exposed to the same previously conditioned stimuli, and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while the same images were presented. Participants also completed a variety of emotional and mental health outcome measures and wore an actigraph to measure sleep over the 6-weeks.

 There was a significant interaction between light condition and time in bed and total sleep time (p<.05) indicating significant increases in sleep with blue versus amber light over treatment. Additionally, declines in symptoms of PTSD on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) correlated with improvements in sleep for the blue, but not the amber light, group (all p-values <.05). During the fear conditioning and extinction paradigm, blue light was associated with significantly greater extinction recall compared to the amber light condition (p=.05). Finally, blue light resulted in decreased fMRI activation within the right amygdala and increased activation within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the previously feared and extinguished stimuli.

 Blue light treatment was more effective than amber placebo at increasing sleep quantity, shifting circadian bedtime, reducing PTSD symptom severity, facilitating the retention of extinction memories, and reducing neural fear responses to previously feared stimuli. We suggest that improvements in sleep led to greater consolidation of extinction memories. These findings suggest that blue light treatment may facilitate treatment gains by improving sleep.


Engineering drawing course is a basic course of non-mechanical specialty. This course plays an important role in cultivating students' engineering and innovation ability. According to the concept of OBE, the course not only introduces the concept of result-oriented but also permeates the concept of engineering design into teaching. The course constructs the teaching system of "General Public Module + Professional Theory Module". Our auxiliary instruction integrates drawing software, modeling software, multimedia technology, physical model. The appropriate knowledge points are selected for project-based, case-based teaching. It not only improves the teaching and assessment methods, but also optimizes the overall content of the engineering drawing course. Through the improvement of the teaching method, the students independent learning and innovation ability are effectively improved, and the teaching effect is also enhanced. The results showed that the average score of students in the same major increased by 1 point, and the failure rate decreased from 6% to about 4%. Keywords—Engineering Drawing Course; OBE; Curriculum Revolution; Autonomic Learning


Frame (12,112,412,512,612,712) and the mover (20,120,420,520 configured to move relative to the frame (12,112,412,512,612,712), and 620, 720), operably coupled mechanical suspension between the frame and the (12,112,412,512,612,712) and the movable element (20,120,420,520,620,720) ( 32,132,432,532,632,732) and a movable system such as a computer storage device (10,100,410,510,610,710). Mechanical suspension (32,132,432,532,632,732), together with the movable element (20,120,420,520,620,720) to be able to be moved in a plane, it moves out of plane configured to substantially prevent the movable element (20,120,420,520,620,720) moves in a first direction relative to the frame (12,112,412,512,612,712) configured with the first flexible member (436,536,636), a second flexible configured to flex in response to relative movement in the second direction to bend in response to and a sexual member (438,440,538,540,638,640).


Introduction: Mars' north polar residual cap (NPRC) is a perennial layer of H2O ice that was likely emplaced near the end of the ~5-Myr period of secular obliquity variations driving accumulation of the underlying north polar layered deposits (NPLD) [1]. Surface age estimates of the NPRC based on crater counts span ~1 to 10 kyr [2, 3], with the dominant uncertainties coming from the crater production function, mechanical properties of the target material, and the nature of the processes responsible for erasing craters on the icy surface. In addition to the relatively few detectable craters, the surface texture of the NPRC appears heavily-eroded, with regularly spaced topography sometimes exhibiting linear, pitted, or polygonal patterns with characteristic scales of order 10 m [4, 5, 6]. Thermaland near-IR measurements of the NPRC are consistent with relatively high thermal inertia [7] and large H2O ice grain sizes [8], suggesting relatively old ice. However, fundamental questions remain regarding the formation and subsequent modification of the NPRC, including the basic question of whether it currently exists in a state of net accumulation or alternatively, ablation. A previous study [9] developed an insolation-driven model of NPRC surface evolution, which was able to reproduce the dominant topographic wavelengths after a few kyr. Here, we combine a more detailed statistical analysis of high-resolution surface topography data with physics-based ablation/accumulation models to better constrain the NPRC mass balance and age. We also use the derived roughness statistics to predict lander-scale slopes relevant to future missions to Mars' polar regions.


Lasse Pedersen opened by responding to issues raised by the discussants. Responding to Tobias Adrian's reference to asset-specific leverage constraints, he clarified that the agents face a single capital constraint on investment but that the haircuts are specific to the assets. On the implications of their model for macroprudential policy, Pedersen noted that the model could readily accommodate an additional constraint for regulatory capital, since leverage can be reduced in good times only through a different constraint. He also agreed with Adrian's comment that haircuts could be included as an explanatory variable in their regression analysis and argued that the Fed should collect more comprehensive data on haircuts as an important variable for study. Responding to Michael Woodford's question about whether the Fed should directly purchase assets (such as mortgage-backed securities) or use lending programs to encourage private purchases, Pedersen offered his personal view that the lending facilities were less problematic. He argued that lending facilities exposed the Fed to less risk and could come off the Fed's balance sheet more easily, since loans were charged a penalty interest rate. Pedersen also argued that Woodford's market segmentation theory would be a useful extension of their existing model rather than an alternative. In his view, the asset-specific margins are a critical feature and could only be dispensed with given a very high degree of segmentation. Furthermore, Pedersen pointed to a companion paper that showed how differing haircuts could explain violations of the law of one price for assets that were otherwise very similar. Pedersen argued that a value-at-risk constraint, as opposed to asset-specific haircuts, could not explain these deviations from the law of one price. Daron Acemoglu voiced concern that the asset-specific haircuts were fixed exogenously. He argued that these haircuts should respond endogenously to policy changes, and Pedersen conceded that more can be done to endogenize the haircuts.


The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a severe demand for facemasks, and this has resulted in the use of those made from alternate media. As SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily due to airborne droplets, it is critical to verify the filtration efficiency of these alternate media based facemasks. While several media are being tested and used, commercially available dust cleaners have shown reasonable filtration efficiency. This may also be due to the potential electrostatic charge on the surface which enhances capture of the fine particles. In this manuscript, we report the size dependent filtration efficiency studied systematically in a filter holder-based system as 47 mm punches; and test results on a mannequin that was 3D printed wearing a bandana mask that was placed in a chamber.


A knowledge-based text categorization method is proposed, taking domain features as textual features to improve text representation function and considering text categorization as aggregation computation procedure. A feature re-selection and re weighting technique is proposed for text indexing procedure. To learn feature aggregation functions from labeled training collection automatically, a learning method based on mutual information is employed. Comparative experiment results showed that the text categorization method based on domain knowledge works better than the conventional naive Bayes classifier based on bag-of-words model as a whole and that using domain knowledge will improve effectiveness of classifying similaror or antithetical topics.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
WNT binding to Frizzleds (FZD) is a crucial step that leads to the initiation of signalling cascades governing multiple processes during embryonic development, stem cell regulation, and adult tissue homeostasis. Recent efforts have enabled us to shed light on WNT-FZD pharmacology in overexpressed HEK293 cells. However, assessing ligand binding at endogenous receptor expression levels is important as there might be differential binding behaviour in a native environment. Here, we study one FZD paralogue: FZD7 , and analyze its interactions with WNT-3A in live CRISPR-Cas9-edited SW480 cells typifying colorectal cancer.

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
SW480 cells were CRISPR-Cas9-edited to insert a HiBiT-tag on the N-terminus of FZD7 , preserving the native signal peptide. Subsequently, these cells were used to study eGFP-WNT-3A association with endogenous and overexpressed HiBiT-FZD7 using NanoBiT/BRET and NanoBiT to measure ligand binding and receptor internalization.

KEY RESULTS
Using the newly developed assay, we detect the binding of eGFP-WNT-3A to endogenous HiBiT-FZD7 and compare it with overexpressed receptors. We show that receptor overexpression results in increased membrane dynamics, leading to an apparent decrease in binding on-rate and consequently in higher, up to 10 times, calculated Kd . Thus, measurements of binding affinities of WNT-3A to FZD7 obtained in overexpressed cells are suboptimal compared to the measurements from endogenously-expressing cells.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Binding affinity measurements in the overexpressing cells fail to recapitulate ligand binding affinities assessed in a (patho-)physiologically relevant context where receptor expression is lower. Therefore, future studies on WNT-FZD7 binding should be performed using receptors expressed under endogenous promotion.


The vomeronasal (VN) organ is a chemoreceptive structure situated at the base of the nasal septum of most terrestrial vertebrates. Structurally, the VN system is very similar to the main olfactory system. Functionally, the VN and main olfactory systems have different roles in the execution of several species-typical behaviors that depend on reception of chemo signals emitted by conspecifics or prey. Although the VN organ (Jacobson's organ) was discovered and described in the early part of the nineteenth century and occasional studies of its morphology, functional significance, and physiology appeared in the scientific literature during the first half of this century, the current explosion of interest can be attributed to the simultaneous emergence of two ideas in the early 1970s. During the 1 950s and 1 960s, behavioral endocrinologists had discovered and attempted to explain several pheromonal effects in mice. These pheromonal effects were found to be under the control of chemical stimuli in the urine of conspecifics and were absent in mice with their olfactory bulbs removed. By 1970 there was a general consensus that the pheromonal effects depended on a functional olfactory system. At the time it was known that the bipolar neurons of the olfactory epithelium terminated in the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb and that the bipolar neurons of the VN organ terminated in the accessory olfac tory bulb; however, scant attention was given to the fact that the olfactory bulbs are part of the eNS and therefore not simply a relay in the olfactory pathway and that olfactory bulbectomy denervated both main and accessory olfactory systems.


Let S be a set of n points in the general position, that is, no three points in S are collinear. A simple k-gon with all corners in S such that its interior avoids any point of S is called a k-hole. In this paper, we present the first algorithm that counts the number of non-convex 5-holes in S. To our best knowledge, prior to this work there was no known algorithm in the literature except a trivial brute force algorithm. Our algorithm runs in time O(T+Q), where T denotes the number of 3-holes, or empty triangles, in S and Q that denotes the number of non-convex 4-holes in S. Note that T+Q ranges from Ω(n2) to O(n3), while its expected number is Θ(n2logn) when the points in S are chosen uniformly and independently at random from a convex and bounded body in the plane.


Background: Personality change is a frequent and lasting complaint voiced by caregivers of stroke patients. The aim of this study is to assess relationship between changes in personality after stroke with depression and anxiety in caregivers. Methods: A consecutive series of patients was recruited from outpatients at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan with stroke. A questionnaire was administered to the caregivers at least three months after stroke to determine their perception of patient's pre-stroke and post-stroke personality. Personality changes was identified by changes in ratings, and associations between personality changes and the following variables were explored: emotional disorders in caregiver and patients (measured using the hospital anxiety and depression scale), stroke classification (Oxford community stroke classification) and residual disability (Barthel index and Nottingham extended activities of daily living scale). Results: Caregivers of 35 stroke patients were examined. Almost all of the character of personality after stroke changed significantly (p<0.05, t-test of difference) except: worthless and tidy appearance. There were significant correlations between personality change and both depression and anxiety in caregiver and patient (p<0.05), residual disability (p<0.05) and stroke classification (p<0.001). Conclusion: Caregivers commonly perceived personality change in stroke patients. This is associated with emotional distress in caregiver, residual disability and stroke classification.


The invention discloses a gesture detecting method for a human face and an application of the gesture detecting method in human face identification, and relates to human face identification. The method comprises the following steps: classifying images in a training set, calculating a gesture estimation filter group corresponding to three human face gestures according to HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) characteristic of the training set; calculating an identifying filter group corresponding to three human face gestures through Gabor characteristic of the training set; and judging the gesture direction of the human face in the image according to HOG characteristic of a test picture and identifying by means of corresponding identifier filer group. The human face gesture is divided into three types: a left gesture human face, a front gesture human face and a right gesture human face. HOG and Gabor characteristics of the three human face gestures are respectively extracted. Noise and dimension are reduced for HOG and Gabor characteristics of the three human face gestures by PCA (Principal Component Analysis) respectively. The contour information of each type of human face is extracted. The HOG characteristic of the test image is extracted and the gesture direction of the human face is judged by the information. The test image is identified by corresponding Gabor filter group according to the gesture direction of the tested human face.


Several guidelines for risk assessment and management of arterial hypertension have recently been issued such as the seventh Joint National Committee report on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) and the 2003 guidelines issued jointly by the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology (2003 ESH/ESC) [1, 2]. The idea of global cardiovascular risk stratification in order to facilitate and improve patient management decisions, however, is not new [3]. A comprehensive method to risk-stratify patients to assess the absolute risk of major cardiovascular events based on the overall effects of risk factors, target organ damage and associated clinical conditions was introduced in the 1999 World Health Organization–International Society of Hypertension (1999 WHO/ISH) guidelines. Since then, however, additional research data, as well as reassessments of the magnitude of cardiovascular disease risk, have led to the recognition that high blood pressure and high cholesterol concentrations have much greater influence on population health than was previously recognized [4]. In fact, about 65% of stroke and almost half of cases of ischemic heart disease can be attributed to systolic blood pressure greater than 115 mmHg and total cholesterol concentration over 3.8 mmol/l [4]. Furthermore, improved surveys of various geographical areas have also demonstrated that high blood pressure and high cholesterol concentration are major risks to health in all regions of the world and not only in high income countries. In the present issue of Blood Pressure, Cuspidi and coworkers [5] have retrospectively calculated the cardiovascular risk in 425 never-treated hypertensive patients, using both the 1999 WHO/ISH and the 2003 ESH/ESC guidelines. There are several interesting findings in their report. They demonstrate that the method of risk stratification recommended by the 2003 ESH/ESC guidelines has a greater sensitivity in defining cardiovascular risk as compared to the 1999 WHO/ISH guidelines. Thus, more patients were classified as having a medium or highadded risk when the 2003 ESH/ESC guidelines were used. Dyslipidemia was the most frequent risk factor in their study population, observed in more than two-thirds of the subjects [5]. In fact, the use of dyslipidemia as a risk factor instead of only using total cholesterol values more than doubled the prevalence of lipid disorders as a risk factor. In addition, the report demonstrates that the accuracy in detecting target organ damage with cardiac and carotid ultrasound procedures and microalbuminuria determination was approximately 10-fold higher than that given by a routine investigation. Reduction of the cardiovascular risk burden attributable to hypertension, lipid disorders and microalbuminuria can be achieved in differences ways. Commonly, personal health services such as pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of high blood pressure and high cholesterol have been shown to be very effective [1, 2]. In addition, non-personal health-related intervention such as mass media messages to change perceptions of healthy diets and legalization to alter contents of processed food represents different approaches to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Indeed, in a recent study [4] in various geographical areas of the world, highas well as low-income countries, a range of specified personal as well as personal health interventions to lower blood pressure as well as cholesterol concentrations was demonstrated to be very cost effective. Thus, such findings challenge the common perceptions that strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease should concern only inhabitants of wealthy countries. On the contrary, available data strongly urge for a shift in priorities as well as public health strategies also for less-developed regions and nations. Moreover, available research also set priority in development of strategies for the control of cardiovascular disease not only for doctors, but also for health policy makers in general. If we are to develop a sustainable and just global strategy for cardiovascular disease prevention, we should also embark on a discussion how allocation of resources for health promotion should be made in rich as well as poorer countries to reduce the emerging cardiovascular disease burden. In essence, in all such regions, we need to make choices to what extent allocations of fund in general should be made between competing medical therapeutic options and priorities. Regardless of highor low-income areas, increased demand, as well as introduction of newer and more expensive technologies, will influence cardiovascular risk assessment and management. A proper health economic evaluation to form a viable strategy should help us to set priorities, and make rational and morally defendable choices.