The development of a convenient method for the removal (or collection) of oils and organic solvents from water surface is of great significance for water environmental protection, especially for the cleanup of oil spillage on seawater. A major challenge is the fabrication of an oil absorber with high absorption capacity, low cost, scalable fabrication, high selectivity, and excellent recyclability. In this paper, we present a simple method for the removal and collection of oils and organic solvents from the surfaces of water based on superhydrophobic and superoleophilic sponges that were fabricated by solution-immersion processes. The as-prepared sponges fast and selectively absorbed various kinds of oils up to above 13 times the sponges' weight while completely repelling water through a combination of porous, superhydrophobic, and superoleophilic properties. More interesting, the absorbed oils were readily collected by a simple mechanical squeezing process, and the recovered sponges could be reused in oi...


From the Publisher:
World class manufacturers have achieved great success with robots and automated machines. Your competition is increasingly becoming more global, and automating your welding operations is not only feasible but it is also becoming more necessary. One day, automation will become essential for survival, and welding automation can be an important step toward prosperity. The benefits of automated welding are clear, but how to achieve them with minimum risk has, until now, been a carefully guarded secret. In Automating the Welding Process, James Berge provides all the information needed to fully understand today's automated welding machinery, techniques, and philosophies. Not only are these variables thoroughly explained, but you will also learn how to use this knowledge to estimate startup costs and calculate returns on robotic and automated machinery investments. Written for everyone interested in increasing welding output, quality, consistency, and safety, this book provides the principles that will allow you to optimize the performance and maximize the profitability of your system.


Figure shows Cohen and Boyer's fundamental recombinant-DNA patent, issued in 980. They were founders of the startup company Genentech. The patent was managed by Stanford and the University of California together. In a climate like today's, it might have been licensed exclusively to Genentech. If it had, how many biotech companies would there now be?: one! In California alone, there are ,600. This was licensed on a non-exclusive basis for a very nominal charge. Such enabling technologies can support entire industries if they are widely available; otherwise, they support a very narrow base. Figure provides a snapshot of the intellectual-property landscape in agricultural biotechnology a few years ago. Pie A shows the landscape across the patent office as a whole, with approximately .5 percent assigned to the public sector. Pie B shows a very different landscape for ag-biotech, with a few large players with large intellectual-property portfolios. It has been speculated that the management of these intellectual-property portfolios has played a part in producing an industry that is relatively concentrated in a few players. Another different feature is that there is a large public-sector slice in Pie B, which is highly fragmented across universities (Pie C). This gave rise to the formation the Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA1) by the Rockefeller Foundation: could it take this public-sector portfolio and do something interesting with it—use it in strategic ways to enable not only the public sector but enable industries also? Intellectual Property for Crop Transformation: A Continuing Saga for Agricultural Innovation in the Public Sector


Researchers have investigated the effectiveness of a wide range of variables in their attempts to increase the response rates for mail questionnaire surveys. Among these variables are: monetary incentives (both large and small), advance letters, stamped vs. business reply envelopes, timing of follow-up mailings, printed vs. mimeographed questionnaire forms, and personal vs. nonpersonal wordings of cover letters [1, 2, 4-10]. In such investigations, a controlled experimental design is typically used to determine the effect of the one variable under study. Little attention has been given to a second important consideration-determining whether significant interaction effects exist among two or more factors applied simultaneously to increase the response rate. This latter area can be important since, for example, individual factors which improve response rates may in combination with other factors actually reduce the response. This study employs a 24 (four factors each at two levels) factorial design to identify the relationships existing among four variables previously used to increase the response rates in mail questionnaire surveys.


Disclosed in the invention is a conduction detection crocodile clip for a cable wiring terminal. The crocodile clip comprises a measuring wire, a crocodile clip body, a conductive base block, a conductive upper-portion block, a conductive moving block, and a rotating pin. The measuring wire is welded with the conductive base block; the conductive base block is fixed at a lower jaw of the crocodile clip body and is used as a lower platform for clamping a cable wiring terminal; and the conductive upper-portion block is fixed at an upper jaw of the crocodile clip body and is used for clamping a conductive upper support body of the cable wiring terminal. A groove is arranged at the conductive upper-portion block; and a projection block is arranged at the conductive moving block, wherein the groove is cooperated with the projection block. Rotating pin holes are arranged at the conductive upper-portion block and the conductive moving block; and the rotating pin is inserted into the rotating pin hole. According to the invention, the provided crocodile clip has the advantages of simple principle, convenient usage, reliable working, improved reliability of detected data, and improved product quality. The crocodile clip can be universally applied to circuit detection of a cable used in an electrical circuit and a crimping wiring terminal in other industries.


Introduction Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study examined if use of N-acetylcysteine for a month in moderate doses would reduce the oxidative stress in patients with DN and reduce the proteinuria. Methods Fifteen volunteers with DN participated in the study. Participants took capsule form of N-acetylcysteine 1 gm twice a day for a month. Spot urines were collected and tested for protein/creatinine on days 1 and 30. Sera were collected on days 1, 15, 30, and 60 and tested for several oxidative stress biomarkers. Results There was no significant change in proteinuria or any of the oxidant stress markers at any point: protein-creatinine ratio (day 1, 1.6 ± 1.8; day 30, 1.3 ± 1.3), 8-isoprostane (day 1, 5.9 ± 4.2 pg/mL; day 15, 4.67 ± 2.4 pg/mL; day 30, 5.1 ± 2.8 pg/mL; and day 60, 4.7 ± 1.9 pg/mL), total antioxidant status (day 1, 1.5 ± 0.1 mM; day 15, 1.6 ± 0.2 mM; day 30, 1.5 ± 0.1 mM; and day 60, 1.5 ± 0.2 mM), aconitase (day 1, 7.9 ± 5.9 mU/mL; day 15, 10.1 ± 5.9 mU/mL; day 30, 8.9 ± 6.2 mU/mL; and day 60, 7.8 ± 5.5 mU/mL), glutathione peroxidase (day 1, 261.4 ± 56.4 mU/mL; day 15, 263.9 ± 57.2 mU/mL; day 30, 269.2 ± 66.0 mU/mL; and day 60, 257.5 ± 48.2 mU/mL), and superoxide dismutase (day 1, 242.6 ± 79.3 mU/mL; day 15, 252.1 ± 68.1 mU/mL; day 30, 262.0 ± 73.3 mU/mL; and day 60, 255.7 ± 61.5). However, 4 patients with initial high isoprostane levels showed nonsignificant decline at each subsequent time point. Conclusions N-acetylcysteine in moderate doses given over a month did not have significant effect on the overall oxidative stress in patients with DN and did not reduce proteinuria.


In this letter, a periodic autocorrelation signal is presented, which is the ternary sequence pair with two-level autocorrelation. The methods of constructing ternary sequence pairs based on binary sequence pairs and cyclotomy are presented by us. Then we have a discussion about perfect binary sequence pairs, pseudorandom binary sequence pairs, difference set pairs and ternary sequence pairs. These signals enrich the theory of sequence pair discrete correlation signals.


Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread worldwide. Reports about the profile of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and serological responses are limited even in relatively short periods. We aimed to investigate profiles of viral RNA, IgM, and IgG in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in an 8-week period.

Methods: A cohort of 33 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia admitted to Wenzhou Sixth People's Hospital from January 27 to February 13, 2020, were enrolled in this study. Samples of throat swab, sputum, stool, and blood were collected and viral load was measured by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Specific IgM and IgG against spike protein (S), spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD), and nucleocapsid (N) were analyzed by a chemiluminescence assay.

Findings: At the early stage of symptom onset, SARS-CoV-2 viral load is higher in throat swab and sputum, but lower in stool. The median (IQR) time of undetectable viral RNA in throat swab, sputum, and stool was 18·5 (13·25-22) days, 22 (18·5-27·5) days, and 17 (11·5-32) days, respectively. In sputum, 17 (51·5%) patients had undetectable viral RNA within 22 days (short persistence), and 16 (48·5%) had persistent viral RNA more than 22 days (long persistence). Three (9·1%) patients were detected relapse of viral RNA in sputum in two weeks after discharge from hospital. One patient had persistent viral RNA for 59 days or longer. The median (IQR) seroconversion time of anti-S IgM, anti-RBD IgM, and anti-N IgM was 10·5 (7·75-15·5), 14 (9-24), and 10 (7-14) days, respectively. The median (IQR) seroconversion time of anti-S IgG, anti-RBD IgG, and anti-N IgG was 10 (7·25-16·5), 13 (9-17), and 10 (7-14) days, respectively. In week 8 after symptom onset, IgM were negative in many of the previously positive patients, IgG levels remained less than 50% of the peak levels in more than 20% of the patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA coexisted with antibodies for more than 50 days. Anti-RBD IgM and IgG levels, anti-RBD IgM levels at presentation and peak time, were significantly higher in viral RNA short persistence patients than in long persistence patients.

Interpretation: In both sputum and stool, SARS-CoV-2 RNA persists for a long time. Seroconversion time and the peak level of anti-RBD are important for viral RNA clearance. Specific anti-RBD may be a potential protective antibody against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Funding Statement: This study was supported by The Research Project for Emergent prevention of Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia of The Bureau of Science and Technology, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province (ZY202004).

Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Commission of Wenzhou Central Hospital (L2020-01-036). Written informed consent was signed by patients themselves.


This document presents a project to develop freely redistributable materials to conduct educational lab projects with MATLAB, Simulink, Arduino and low-cost plants. This work materials introduce the fundamentals of Control Engineering through exercises and videos. Along with all this, the most important steps and issues appeared in the project are explained, so anyone interested on doing a project can have a starting point instead of starting a project from scratch, which most of times this results hard to implement.


Objective To investigate the relation between blood serum globulin/ cholinestevase and prognosis of liver cirhosis.Methods There were patients with liver cirhosis group(30) and control group(26).G/C was detected and compared with albumin,bilirubin,prothrombin time.Results In liver cirhosis group blood serum Globulin、Cholinestevase are related with liver cirhosis 'CTP grade.G/C is negative correlated with albumin,positive with bilirubin and prothrombin time(PT).What's more,the three have significant difference,t=7.1709,P0.05.Conclusions Compared with bilirubin,PT,cholinestevase,G/C can better illustrate liver function.It has significant value for the transfomation of liver cirhosis patients'condition and prognosis.


A comparative immunological survey of the proteins in 36 species accessions of the genus Arachis as grouped by Gregory et al. (1973) conducted by using immune sera from cultivated peanuts showed both quantitative and qualitative differences in protein contents. Sections I (Axonomorphae) and II (Erectoides) contained higher concentartions of the major peanut globulin, α-arachin than sections III (Caulorhizae), IV (Rhizomatosae), V (Extranervosae), VI (Pseudoaxonomorphae) and VII (Triseminalae). The precipitin patterns of total proteins in sections I, II, and IV appeared very similar to the precipitin pattern of the cultivar Virginia 61R. In general, the total precipitin patterns of sections III, V, VI, and VII showed relatively higher quantities of the albumins and the conarachins than did precipitin patterns of the other sections and their total patterns were less similar to the total pattern of Virginia 61R. Both intraspecific and interspecific polymorphism of proteins existed throughout the seven sections as evidenced by immunochemistry.


In recent years, many approaches to indexing XML data have appeared. These approaches attempt to process XML queries efficiently and sufficient query plans are built for this purpose. Some effort has been expended in the optimization of XML query processing [20]. There are not many works that take cost-based query optimizations into account. In work [20], we find some cost-based considerations, however, they work only with one type of structural join and one type of underlying index. There are works depicted two types of query processing as well [10, 17]. The first type applies an element-based index, the second type applies a navigation in a persistent DOM-like structure. In our work, we propose usage of two path-based indices that provide significant potential for a query optimization based on a cost-based join selection. We can identify some classes of approaches for efficient processing of XML queries. The first class includes approaches based on shredding [18] (storing an XML document in many relations, where each element name has its own relation). These approaches work well only on specific documents with a defined XML schema. The second class of approaches [15, 21, 1] provides an elementbased decomposition of an XML document. These methods usually work with a labeling scheme and they differ mainly in various join algorithms. We identify two main types of join algorithms. The first join type works with sorted node sets merged by a type of holistic join [3, 4]. This kind of structural join is optimal when a small number of nodes is rejected during the structural join. In this case, nodes are retrieved in a very efficient way with a small number of I/O. In our article, this kind of join operation is called a merge join. Another type of join algorithm is based on context nodes [9], where each location step is processed using context nodes from the previous step. We say that this approach utilizes a previously processed location step and uses the nodes for an efficient search of nodes in the next step. If there is a large number of rejected nodes in the join operation, this kind of join is efficient. In our article, this kind of join operation is called a progressive join. There are approaches that decompose XML documents according to the node path, as opposed to the node name. Handling the paths during a query processing


A variable-gap silicon nanowire waveguide coupler was fabricated and its characteristics were measured for comparison with those determined by a rigorous electromagnetic simulation. The three-dimensional model of the coupler was simulated by the finite-difference time-domain method. On the basis of the results obtained, a compact 1×3 silicon nanowire coupler switch was designed and fabricated. The 1×3 switch was composed of two couplers with parallel silicon nanowire waveguides of 400 nm width and 260 nm thickness and comb-drive electrostatic actuators. The output isolation and extinction ratio of the variable coupler were measured to be 12.9 and 18.6 dB, respectively. The loss of the variable coupler was 0.21 dB. The measured coupling coefficient was explained quantitatively by the simulation. The proposed 1×3 switch was demonstrated by showing the infrared images of the switch outputs. The port isolation of the 1×3 switch was better than 11.3 dB.


Abstract In this paper, we study hierarchical supervisory control with partial observations. In particular, we are interested in preservation of supremal normal and supremal controllable and normal sublanguages from the abstracted system (high level) in the original (low level) system. Sufficient conditions are formulated under which the supremal normal or the supremal controllable and normal sublanguage computed at the high level (for the abstracted plant) is implementable at the low level, i.e., in the original plant.


Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 The Self Regulation Mode ............................................................................................ 4 Privatization .................................................................................................................. 7 State and Market in Brazil (1995-‐2002) ........................................................................ 9 Market Failures ........................................................................................................... 11 Asymmetry of Information ...................................................................................... 11 Inequity ................................................................................................................... 16 Economic Squeeze, Wild Markets & Inequity ......................................................... 17 Biased and Incomplete Coverage of Higher Education Functions ........................... 20 Toward a New Regulatory Environment .................................................................... 21 The Higher Education Community .......................................................................... 25 Is Brazil ready for a new contract? ............................................................................. 29 References .................................................................................................................. 35


The culprit is the σ-hole: short I⋯N halogen bonds do not necessarily come with high electron density in their (3,−1) critical point. The I—C geometry and Raman spectroscopy complement information from electron density.


A large and fast growing part of corporate knowledge is encoded in electronic texts. Although digital information repositories are becoming truly multimedial, human language will remain the only medium for preserving and sharing complex concepts, experiences and ideas. It is also the only medium suited for expressing metainformation. For a human reader a text has a rich structure, for a data processing machine it is merely a string of symbols. Classical information retrieval helps to sort and find information in large libraries of documents by matching strings of characters. Effective information management is a building block of modern knowledge management. However, language technology can contribute much more than methods for finding information.


Right now, millions of researchers around the world are working on countless exciting and as-yet unsolved scientific problems. Students are slaving, postdocs pondering, supervisors wrinkling. But the odds are that many of them are doing it wrongly in exactly the same way.


The hydrochlorides of cysteamine, cysteine ethyl ester and penicillamine methyl ester, react with Pd(PPh3)4 to yield low symmetry complexes of palladium(II) that incorporate the N,S-aminothiolato ligand and triphenylphosphine; the complex with cysteine ethyl ester, structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, proved to be an effective catalyst for the hydrocarboxylation of styrene with high selectivity (98%) towards 2-phenylpropanoic acid.


We explore variational approach to the finite-volume $N$-body problem. The general formalism for N non-relativistic spinless particles interacting with periodic pair-wise potentials yields N-body secular equations. The solutions depend on the infinite-volume N-body wave functions. Given that the infinite-volume N-body dynamics may be solved by the standard Faddeev approach, the variational N-body formalism can provide a convenient numerical framework for finding discrete energy spectra in periodic lattice structures.


The purpose of this article is to contribute to the topics of segmentation, store-choice and satisfaction by providing additional knowledge to retail managers when standing in front of critical marketing decisions. In order to support our goal, we employ the shopping orientation segmentation approach which allows to segment customers in a "live" and therefore exploitable manner. According to the findings of an exit survey among retail customers, this study reveals that "situational" as well as "individual" store-choice criteria do merit our attention as the basis for segmenting retail customers. These criteria, together with satisfaction, can be seen as a conceptual platform based on which retail customers can be effectively segmented. As our findings suggest, the customers interviewed clearly fall into two distinct segments, namely the "fastidious" and the "easy-going" customers, each calling for special attention from retailing managers in order to obtain higher levels of satisfaction.


unreasonable to expect that a history of endocrine surgery would indicate to what extent the innovations of the leading surgeons were applied by their humbler colleagues, and with what effect. Difficult though it may be to ascertain the facts, it is surely part of the remit of the historian of medical progress to assess the impact that the advances he describes have had on the sum-total of human suffering. Another class of person whose contribution to surgical progress is seldom acknowledged is that of the patients who were the subjects of these historic operations. They are not often mentioned even by name, but Welbourn is to be commended for including photographs of Marie Bichsel before and after Theodore Kocher had removed her thyroid, and of her sister who did not have the operation; for these two photographs-without the need for any further comment-demonstrate unequivocally that removal of the human thyroid causes myxoedema. But there must be many other patients who by submitting to untried procedures have advanced medical knowledge, whose existence scarcely gets a mention in this and other similar works of history. Yet, as my father (Wilfred Trotter) once remarked at the commemoration of another pioneering operation, they "have borne more substantial witness than has yet been produced by any philosopher or any theologian that all suffering is not in vain". Although one may regret the omission of other actors who have played their part in the history of endocrine surgery, it cannot be denied that the enterprising surgeons who devised and performed the seminal operations are the star performers. Welbourn recognizes that readers would like to know more about these men, and has attempted to satisfy their curiosity both by a biographical appendix, and by large numbers of black-and-white photographs; but neither of these manoeuvres provides much real insight into personality. In the biographical notes, most of the participants are allotted only two lines, describing when they were born and died, and where they worked. Some of the leading performers get a few more lines, but these are mostly devoted to their appointments and technical accomplishments; thus the only hint of the charismatic personality which so dazzled Victor Horsley's contemporaries is the curt statement that he was "of artistic family". Similarly, the large numbers of passport-size photographs which appear after each chapter do little more than provide evidence that their subjects were once alive. I have tried to …


A > 3 km thick, ductile, east-trending shear zone in the Pinal Peak map area, near Globe, Arizona, reveals contact metamorphism of the Pinal schist, through intrusion of the Proterozoic Madera granodiorite, and synchronous deformation of both units. The exposed shear zone comprises approximately 40 anastomosing shear zones, ranging in thickness from 10 cm to 40 cm, which cut both the Pinal schist and the Madera granodiorite. The shear zones have sharp boundaries that separate sheared material from massive zones lacking strong foliation, elongation lineation, and ductile deformation fabrics. The shear zones are characterized by well-developed, generally N- and NW- trending elongation lineation, and hand-sample scale S-C fabrics. Microstructures in Pinal schist and Madera granodiorite include S-C fabrics, mica fish', porphyroblast tails, and grain-shape- and lattice-preferred orientation of minerals, most of which indicate top-to-the-south displacement, consistent with field interpretations. Locally microstructures indicate top-to-the-north shear. Quartz c-axis fabrics were measured for 14 samples of Pinal schist and Madera granodiorite. Fabric diagrams show symmetric and symmetric double girdles, and activation of high temperature slip systems is evidenced by clustering of maxima in the center of the stereonet, parallel to the y-axis, in some plots. Symmetric fabrics indicate coaxial flattening. Asymmetric fabrics indicatemore » top-to-the-north displacement, opposite to the shear sense derived from the majority of field and microstructural measurements. This may be indicative of a late-phase of backsliding on the shear zone, which could reset the quartz lattice fabrics. The high temperature slip systems of the quartz may be evidence for intrusion of the Madera granodiorite being early syn-tectonic in nature.« less


New BABAR measurements are presented for the exclusive rare decays B -> K(*) l+ l- including branching fractions, isospin asymmetries, direct CP violation, and lepton flavor universality for dilepton masses below and above the J/psi resonance. Unexpectedly large isospin asymmetries are observed in both K l+l- and K* l+ l- decays. For the combined K l+l- and K* l+l- data a 3.9 sigma significant deviation from the SM prediction is found. Furthermore, recent BABAR results from an angular analysis in B -> K* l+l- are reported in which both the K* longitudinal polarization and the lepton forward-backward asymmetry are measured for dilepton masses below and above the J/psi resonance. Finally, results of recent searches for B -> pi l+l-$ from Belle and B -> K(*) nu anti nu$ from BABAR are summarized.


The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) assessments have provided insights regarding student achievement and educational practices for cross-cultural settings. Several studies from the TIMSS assessments have been conducted to identify teaching practices and student characteristics that were associated with the learning outcomes of students in Korea. For instance, results from international assessments have indicated that students in Korea have scored higher than international averages in science and mathematics (Park, 2008). Data from the TIMSS 1999 assessment were used to examine relationships between school characteristics and student achievement (Myeong & Hong, 2002). Findings from the TIMSS 2007 assessment indicated that eighth-grade students in Korea earned higher test scores when they frequently worked problems on their own and engaged in activities that made connections with real-world contexts during science lessons (House, 2011). Further, students in Korea expressed higher levels of enjoyment for learning science when they designed an experiment or investigation and related what they were learning in science lessons to their daily lives (House, 2012). Previous research studies have examined teaching practices for science and mathematics in classrooms in Korea. Scientific literacy and student engagement in science are important components of the school curriculum in Korea (Choi, et al., 2011). For instance, an analysis of ninth-grade science classrooms in Korea indicated that situations which produced cognitive conflict also positively influenced changes in student understanding of concepts (Lee & Byun, 2012). Recent findings also suggested that the understanding of physical concepts in science for students in Korea was strongly influenced by cultural experiences (Nam, 2012). Further, a qualitative analysis of elementary-school classrooms in Korea indicated that the use of real-world contexts resulted in the development of interpretive creativity (Cho, et al. 2013). Consequently, research has examined a number of strategies and their relationship to science outcomes in Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between student engagement in learning and science achievement test scores of eighth-grade students in Korea using data from the TIMSS 2011 assessment. This study was designed to extend findings from previous TIMSS assessments for students in Korea. In addition, this study was intended to build upon previous findings regarding teaching practices and achievement outcomes of students in Korea (House & Telese, 2013) through the assessment of the recently defined measure of student engagement in science learning (Martin & Mullis, 2013). Further, this study was developed in order to examine those relationships for a large national sample of eighth-grade students in Korea who were part of an international assessment of educational contexts and achievement outcomes. Methods Students included in this study were from the TIMSS 2011 Population 2 (eighth-grade) sample from Korea. There were 5,156 students who completed all survey items related to student engagement in science lessons. As a component of the TIMSS 2011 assessment, a scale was developed to measure student engagement in science lessons. Five items that examined student engagement in science lessons were included on this scale: (1) I know what my teacher expects me to do, (2) I think of things not related to the lesson, (3) My teacher is easy to understand, (4) I am interested in what my teacher says, and (5) My teacher gives me interesting things to do. For each of these statements, students expressed their level of agreement as: (1) Disagree a lot, (2) Disagree a little (3) Agree a little, or (4) Agree a lot. In addition, the dependent variable examined in this study was the eighth-grade science test score on the TIMSS 2011 assessment. On this achievement test, items were included to measure student knowledge in biology, chemistry, physics, and earth science. …


: This study investigates patterns of the theme and thematic progression in a recount text by a pre-service teacher in Indonesia. This study employs a descriptive-qualitative case study research design. The data were obtained from six pre-service teachers' texts. This study uses the theory of the Theme system developed by Halliday (2014) and the theory of Thematic progression proposed by Eggins (2004) as the framework to analyze the data. The findings revealed that pre-service teachers employed various approaches to building interest and depth in their work, such as coherence using sufficient textual themes and theme progressions. The theme system includes the topical, interpersonal, and textual themes delivered to make the text cohesive and coherent. Furthermore, the Zigzag pattern showed that the teacher maintained a clear focus, successfully established a logical connection, and provided elaboration in their writing. Although it needs several improvements on the higher-level theme, the teacher employed various approaches to building interest and depth in her work. The findings of this study suggest that pre-service teachers need to work on a higher level of English writing for academic and professional writing competence. Finally, it has implications for future studies that could extend this study in investigating argumentative texts written by teachers to improve the higher level of English writing and professional competence.


Abstract Background: A metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) can be resected with curative intent. CT scan is useful to detect small metastases, though it is unclear whether scheduled CT scan improves the survival of patients with curatively resected CRC or not. Methods: We investigated retrospectively 331 CRC patients had undergone curative resection for primary lesion from Jan 2006 to Dec 2007. It was examined that the correlation between survival and receiving scheduled CT scan. Results: The median age of patients was 62 years. There were 154 colon and 177 rectal cancer patients. LN metastases were detected in 125 patients and were not in 206 patients. pStage 0/I/II/IIIa/IIIb were 3/96/107/93/32, respectively. 216 patients underwent scheduled CT scan (scheduled CT group) and 115 patients did not (without CT group). Tumor recurrence were detected in 40 patients in scheduled CT group (18.5%) and 11 in without CT group (10.6%). In scheduled CT group, 85% of recurrence was detected with a single site of metastasis. On the other hand, in without CT group, only 45% recurrence was detected with a single site. As a result, curative resection of metastasis was done in 58% of scheduled CT group and 45% of without CT group, respectively. In patients who suffered from recurrence, scheduled CT demonstrated a tendency to improve overall survival (P = 0.141). In all patients scheduled CT scan didn't improve the survival, while in pStage II/III patients only, overall survival was slightly better in scheduled CT group (p = 0.526). Conclusion: Scheduled CT scan may improve the survival of curatively resected CRC patients.


This paper examines the increasing penetration and control of nations by amorphous ideas of human rights, touching upon the symbiotic relation between global capital and human rights, the anti-democratic nature of many rights, the radically political nature of positive rights, the frequent absence of national self-esteem and the consequent yearning for supranational approval, the belief that judges and their surrogates are priests speaking for God, the search for validating judicial will as replacement for a dead God, loss of judicial confidence in reason, and banal judicial vanity. These lead to the creation of the last and greatest Leviathan, a mortal god that can never be dethroned.


Heat treatment temperature and cooling method on the microstructure and properties of a new and self-developed type of alloy which is boron-containing and liquid zinc corrosion-resistant was studied by using XRD and EDS techniques.the process of precipitation and dissolution is carried out at the same time when the alloy is heat treat.Regardless of air cooling or water cooling,Elements of the alloy precipitate on the matrix uniformly when the heat treatment temperature is 980 ℃.Precipitation and dissolution achieve dynamic balance when the temperature is 1 030 ℃.When at 1 150 ℃,accompanied reticular boride of grain boundary under the cast disconnected,boron and alloying elements have a solid-solution strengthening on the substrate.Alloy hardness rise after the first lower with the heat treatment temperature rising.Impact toughness of the alloy rises with temperature rising.


Objective To analyze the efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin on infections in children with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(Allo-HSCT)during the early stage of transplantation. Methods A total of 75 children with Allo-HSCT coming from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from Oct.2008 to Jul.2010.Fifty boys and 20 girls;Aged 0.8-15.0 years old during the early stage of transplantation combined with infection were treated by using imipenem/cilastatin,and the efficacy was evaluated according to the guidelines for clinical research of new drug issued by ministry of health. Results Among 75 children,52 cases(69.3%)recovered completely,and 9 cases(12.0%)had obvious efficacy,so the total efficacy rate was 81.3%(61 cases). Conclusion Imipenem/cilastatin is featured by rapid and obvious efficacy in children with Allo-HSCT during the early stage of transplantation combined with infection.


Oxide thermoelectric materials have caused considerable research attention because of its particular advantages.This paper introduced the recent research status of non-cobalt-based oxide thermoelectric materials and analysed the factors that affected on the improvement of their thermoelectric properties.In the mean while,the development of these materials in the future was discussed.


Review(s) of: Educational Opportunity: The Geography of Access to Higher Education, by Alexander D. Singleton, Ashgate Publishing Limited, Surrey, England, 2010. ISBN 9780754678670. Includes reference.


Abstract In this short commentary on Ken Binmore's Natural Justice I primarily examine the relationship between mainstream egalitarian theories and Binmore's approach. I argue that Binmore uses key concepts in non-standard ways. As a result, he doesn't engage enough with the views he criticises.


The invention discloses a method for inquiring data of a cluster database. The method comprises the following steps of: judging whether a temporary table corresponding to the query statement of a query request exists or not when the query request on the cluster database is monitored; if not, generating the temporary table corresponding to the query statement, wherein the temporary table corresponding to the query statement is used for storing a query result corresponding to the query statement, and the query result is acquired by a MongoDB operation; and if so, acquiring the query result by inquiring the temporary table corresponding to the query statement. According to the method for inquiring the data of the cluster database, the defects that the query result is stored in the query statement of a cache in advance due to reconfiguration under conditions of change in demand or change in query demand, and a lot of labor powers and material resources are consumed for manual modification can be avoided to the greatest extent.


was fibrosis. 80% of cases showed a slight inflammatory cell infiltrate whilst 60% showed activated lymphoid follicles with large germinal centres. In 28% lymphoid hyperplasia was recorded. Ultrasound has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, but false-positive and falsenegative results still occur and the decision to operate remains a clinical one. So far, there are few reported cases of chronic appendicitis, but the increased use of ultrasound may reveal that chronic or subacute appendicitis is more common than we had supposed. REFERENCES


This article is the result of a study made at the Sabana University under the project: "Transformation on Liability in Colombian legislation after the approval of the Trade Agreements between Colombia and the European Union, and between Colombia and the United States of America Maritime Transportation Chapter". This research demanded a rigorous review of the legislation on maritime transportation contracts in the commercial code. Several resources such as history, judicial decisions, authors' opinions and comparative law were used. Through this analysis we are able to understand that our legal system is based on the Roman law structure 'locatio conductio", enriched by medieval and modern law. The distinction between transport, affreightment and rent contracts is based on the parties duties without ignoring the vessel as the instrument for maritime navigation. Under this perspective, our system also follows the tradition established by other law systems like Italian and Argentinian law.


Background.  Helicobacter pylori induces gastric damage and may be involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. H. pylori‐vacuolating cytotoxin, VacA, is one of the important virulence factors, and is responsible for H. pylori‐induced gastritis and ulceration. The aim of this study is to assess whether several naturally occurring polyphenols inhibit VacA activities in vitro and in vivo.


Spiders, coccinellids, predatory bugs and lacewings are the four major groups of natural enemies of cotton pests in Weinan area, Shaanxi Province, spiders being the most important group. Field studies showed that interplanting corn at 120-150 plants per mu in cotton fieldsincreased natural enemy populations by 62.8-115.7%, compared with the control fields. This Strategy showed an obvious effect of controlling cotton bollworm, aphids, mirid bugs andcotton pink bollworm. Interplanting com in cotton fields could trap Heliothis moths so as to reduce the second generation eggs and the damages on cotton.


Background: A 64-year-old male presented with pain in his right lower leg and progressive swelling of the right ankle, without history of previous trauma. Further anamnesis revealed fever, anorexia and weight loss over the past few weeks. Laboratory results showed increased inflammatory parameters (CRP 203 mg/l). A lower extremity ultrasonographic examination ruled out deep venous thrombosis. A contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen revealed multiple splenic infarctions.


Smartphones and WhatsApp are, respectively, the medium and application that Spanish teenagers most want. However, research into the use of WhatsApp is still quantitatively and qualitatively limited. In addition, little research has been carried out regarding its impact on the development of transmedia skills and informal learning strategies outside the classroom. This article aims to expand the knowledge on teenagers' motivations and their development of transmedia skills and informal learning strategies in relation to their use of WhatsApp. Specifically, a qualitative analysis of data gathered from workshops, interviews, and media diaries is applied as part of a case study methodology involving teenagers from 10 schools located in five different Spanish regions. The results reveal the new WhatsApp uses teenagers are applying in their daily lives as well as the skills and strategies they are developing through said uses in the context of interpersonal and group (WhatsApp groups) interactions: on one hand, production, social, content, and individual management skills, and on the other hand, learning by doing, teaching, and evaluating strategies.


Menstruation is a process that induces a series of hormonal and structural changes in the female reproductive system to foster pregnancy. Pre-menstrual syndromes usually occur 5-7 days before a menstrual period with altered levels of estrogen, progesterone, and serotonin at the beginning of the cycle as well as ovarian steroids that modulate cognitive activity. Around 150 known symptoms of PMS may be experienced in women during menstruation varying from cramps, mood swings, breast soreness, bloating, acne, food cravings, excessive thirst and fatigue, influencing the quotidian routine of women. About 3–8% of women experience more drastic problems like premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Even though half of the global female population is of reproductive age, menstruation is still one of the most stigmatized topics from a societal perspective. Lack of proper awareness about menstruation and the factors affecting it may precipitate misconceptions or discrimination, leading to physical health risks, hence preventing the development of public health habits. This article aims to explore the probable complementary or contrary factors influencing the cycle of a woman that may help to safeguard her health without any stress, menstrual shame or barriers to information during menstruation which is a fundamental issue of human rights, dignity and public health.


On the basis of the combination of the implement of MVC framework and thinking in the design pattern,we briefly intro-duced the Java Web design process control system -based on the Struts framework. This paper is focused to discuss how we can inherit Struts core components using a kind of design pattern,so that we try to achieve the purpose of functional reuse mechanism and the development of flexibility to our business processes.


This study focuses on the subject of the application of alternative means as a complement to the judicial, adjudication and arbitration options in the resolution of disputes/conflicts. The Nigeria-Cameroon conflict over Bakassi is used as a case in point. By blending the theoretical perspectives on the diplomacy/negotiation approach with the reality of this case it argues that the application of alternative dispute resolution mechanism, in this instance, facilitated a long lasting and negotiated settlement, which led to amicable and final resolution. With the understanding that dispute/conflict resolution seeks to find solutions acceptable to both parties to achieve peaceful coexistence, the question arises as to whether the ICJ's ruling in itself was able to amicably resolve the dispute? What we find is that the Ruling of 2002 did not in itself lead to instant settlement, rather it drew negative responses from Nigeria, so that it took the intervention of stakeholders in the international system, especially the Western countries, and particularly the UN and its then Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, to activate the UN machinery to put in place direct bilateral talks between Nigeria and Cameroon to iron out their differences. The emergent Mixed Commission and the Greentree Agreement of 2006 ensured the achievement of reconciliation, lasting peace and final resolution along the lines of the ICJ's Judgment of 2002.


2013 Chemical vapor generation (CVG) is an important sample introduction technique, and is widely used for atomic spectrometry for its enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. In the past 30 years, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has become a widely used and the most sensitive instrument for (ultra-)trace element determination and elemental speciation. A review of applications of this state-of-the-art coupling of CVG and ICP-MS is presented. Discussion is focused on its applications for both element determination and speciation, including hydride generation, cold vapor generation, photochemical vapor generation, alkylation, and electrochemical vapor generation. In addition, recent studies undertaken isotope dilution calibration in CVG-ICP-MS for achieving improved accuracy and precision are summarized, and the future perspectives are


The political history of Japan in the XIV – XV centuries was a period of turbulence. It was the period of establishment of the Muromachi shogunate, associated with the fall of the Kamakura shogunate and the war between the North and the South. It was also the process of capturing power of the Ashikaga generals, defeated other local feudal forces, overwhelmed the power of the Emperor and proceeded to establish a military government right in the economic-political center of the country. In the article, the author focuses on clarifying the political situation of Japan in the XIV – XV centuries, with the reduction of the Emperor's government, towards being nullified, along with the formation of major feudal groups, most notably the Muromachi shogunate.


Use of compacted silty clay soil collected from the Gangetic river sediment near Kolkata, West Bengal, India has been experimentally explored in the laboratory as a low cost landfill liner material for retarding the migration of phenolic compounds releasing from a coke oven wastewater outfall site in Durgapur, West Bengal, India. The phenol concentration in the wastewater was found in the range of 4.0-12.0 mg/L in different times of a calendar year. Batch adsorption results reveal that the maximum phenol removal efficiency of 95% was achieved at an initial phenol concentration of 4 mg/L for the soil dose of 20 g/L, solution pH of 6.0 and after a reaction time of 24 h. Index properties, swelling potential, compaction characteristics and permeability of the soil indicate that it is low compressible, moderately expansive and low permeable (1.90×10 cm/s) and having reasonably good phenol attenuation capacity (472.5 mg/g). These favorable findings suggest that the compacted clay soil can be potentially utilized as primary landfill liner material for containment of phenolic waste generated from coke oven wastewater.


THREE FACTORS ARE INVOLVED IN EVERY ACCIDENT: THE VEHICLE, THE HIGHWAY, AND THE DRIVER AND/OR PEDESTRIAN. WITH THE EXCEPTION OF HEADLIGHTING, WHERE WE ARE UNCERTAIN AS TO WHAT CONSTITUTES TOO LITTLE OR TOO MUCH, AND LARGE AND HEAVY VEHICLES, PARTICULARLY COMBINATIONS, WE KNOW QUITE WELL HOW THE VEHICLE BEHAVES. WITH RESPECT TO HIGHWAYS, WE KNOW THAT CERTAIN TYPES OF ROADS ARE SAFER THAN OTHERS, BUT WE DON'T KNOW HOW MUCH; WE NEED CONTINUING STUDIES ON THE FREQUENCY AND NATURE OF ACCIDENTS ON THE VARIOUS TYPES. IT IS CHIEFLY WITH RESPECT TO THE HUMAN FACTOR THAT OUR KNOWLEDGE IS DEFICIENT. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT RESEARCH PROGRAMS BE UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE OF VARIOUS GROUPS BY AGE, TRAINING, EXPERIENCE, AND SO ON; SPECIAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO DEFINING THE TERM "ACCIDENT-PRONE DRIVER" AND TO FINDING MEANS OF DETECTING SUCH DRIVERS; THE APPROPRIATE PROGRAMS SHOULD BE CONDUCTED BY PANELS OF EXPERTS---ENGINEERS, PHYSICIANS, PSYCHOLOGISTS---WORKING IN CONJUNCTION WITH ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SQUADS. SIMILAR STUDIES SHOULD BE EXTENDED TO PEDESTRIANS.


Domestic cats are a potential source of Toxoplasma gondii infection for humans. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for T. gondii infection in domestic cats. Cat sera (n = 182) were tested for T. gondii IgG antibodies using the latex agglutination test (LAT) and the GRA7 of T. gondii (TgGRA7)-indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with T. gondii infection. The overall prevalence rates were 18.1% (33/182) according to LAT, 19.2% (35/182) according to the iELISA and 17.0% (31/182) according to LAT and iELISA. Univariable analyses identified, outdoor access (P = 0.006), being a former stray cat (P = 0.001) and successful hunting behaviors (P = 0.04) as risk factors for T. gondii infection. Outdoor access (OR 2.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–6.72) and is a former stray cat (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.52–8.96) remained significant risk factors in multivariable analyses. This study indicated a relatively high seroprevalence of T. gondii among domestic cats. Cat owners can reduce the risk for T. gondii infection by not allowing their cats to roam free. Furthermore, education about the transmission of the parasite should be provided to prevent infection to the owners.


Thank you for reading the changing earth. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this the changing earth, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. the changing earth is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the the changing earth is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Abstrac: Analysis of the Rice Straw Utilization (Oriza sativa) with the addition of Effektive microorganism 4 (EM4) on growth of Sungei Putih Lamb. Guided by ARMYN HAKIM DAULAY and ZULFIKAR SIREGAR. The research conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Biology Laboratory that began in September 2011 until January 2012. This study aims to determine the business value of the addition of EM4 on rice straw for sungei putih lamb. Method used is a Latin Square design with 4 treatments. Treatments are P0 (0 ml EM4), P1 (2 ml EM4), P2 (4 ml EM4), P3   (6 ml EM4). The results showed that the average profit / loss is highest at P3 of            Rp  -20.603, -  and the lowest at P1 Rp -7.761, -. Average Benefit Cost Ratio      (B/C) is highest in the P1 at 0.984 and 0.961 for the lowest in P3. Average Break Even Point (BEP) BEP consisting of the highest production rates at P3 of           Rp 31.464, - and the lowest on the P1 of Rp 30.758, -. Average BEP highest production volume of 17,28 kg on P3 and P0 for the lowest at 16.87 kg. Mean Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) was highest at P1 of Rp 13.439, - and the lowest at P3 of Rp 593-. The conclusion was that the addition of liquid Effektive probiotic microorganism 4 (EM4) on rice straw given a sungei putih lamb to level 6 ml not reduce the cost of feed and maintenance. Keywords : Business Analysis, Liquid Probiotics EM4, Sungei Putih Lamb


An effective probe compensated near-field - far-field (NF-FF) transformation with spherical scanning for an offset mounted long antenna, requiring a number of NF data that is minimum and equal to that needed in a centred configuration, is developed in this work, by applying the nonredundant sampling representations of the electromagnetic field and modelling the antenna under test (AUT) by a prolate ellipsoid. The interest for it arises from the fact that, for practical constraints, it could be not possible a centred mounting of the AUT on the scanning sphere centre and, for an offset mounting, the number of NF data required by the classical spherical NF-FF transformation can considerably grow due to the increase of the radius of the minimum sphere containing the AUT and centred on the scanning sphere centre.


A locally compact abelian group G is called a generalized £ − cotosion group if G contains an open £ − cotosion subgroup H such that G/H is a cotorsion group. In this paper, we determine the generalized £ − cotorsion LCA groups.


The current study seeks a fundamental explanation to the development of two-dimensional coherent structures (2DCSs) in shallow mixing layers. A nonlinear numerical model based on the depth-averaged shallow water equations is used to investigate the temporal evolution of shallow mixing layers, where the mapping from temporal to spatial results is made using the velocity at the center of the mixing layers. The flow is periodic in the streamwise direction. Transmissive boundary conditions are used in the cross-stream boundaries to prevent reflections. Numerical results are compared to linear stability analysis, mean-field theory, and secondary stability analysis. Results suggest that the onset and development of 2DCS in shallow mixing layers are the result of a sequence of instabilities governed by linear theory, mean-field theory, and secondary stability theory. The linear instability of the shearing velocity gradient gives the onset of 2DCS. When the perturbations reach a certain amplitude, the flow field ...


In order to explore the hazard property of the RDX-CMDB propellant prepared by screw-extrusion technique,typical experiments including friction sensitivity,impact sensitivity,detonator sensitivity,gap,deflagration-to-detonation transition(DDT),drop,thermal stability,explosion temperature,slow cook-off,and electrostatic sensitivity were carried out.Results show that the propellant does not combust dropping freely from 10 m height,combusts under 164.2 ℃ during slow cook-off test,and detonats under 18 mm-thick organic glass by the shock-wave,and the friction sensitivity and 50% drop height of impact sensitivity was 2% and 26.3 cm,respectively,and the 50% ignition energy by electrostatic spark is 208.46 mJ,which indicating that the propellant has fair thermal stability,is insensitive to the mechanical stimulation,and is sensitive to shock-wave stimulation.The hazard rating of the propellant is 1.1.


Background: Identifying the animal species origin in meat and meat products is important for preventing adulteration and protecting consumers in terms of health and religious convictions. Species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is known as a suitable method for identifying meat species. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to use a species-specific PCR assay for the detection of mislabeling in cooked sausage meats as adulterants by use of multiplex PCR. METHODS: A total of 114 samples including sausage labeled containing 40%, 55% and 70% red meat of 10 different brands were collected from various markets and supermarkets. Following genomic DNA extraction from cooked sausages which were claimed to be made of red meat, multiplex PCR was performed to detect adulteration in processed food.  RESULTS: According to the analysis, 60 sausage samples showed that they consist of only meat from chicken (52.6%), 48 sausage samples consist of meat from beef and chicken (42.1%) and only 5.3% of the examined sausages were prepared with the meat of beef (6 samples). CONCLUSIONS: This high rate of undeclared chicken meat in sausage samples is most probably due to achieving more profit. Our results indicated that the meat species substitution occurs often in processed meats like sausages, which indicates the need of more governmental controls.


ABSTRACT This paper explores the affordances of critical disability studies (CDS) for curricular theorizing in teacher education for inclusion and socially just pedagogy. Specifically attending to the posthumanist thread within this field, I offer provocations to three tenets that undergird a disability studies informed teacher education curriculum for inclusion, and which are also salient within the larger field of teacher education. These tenets include the critique of schools, exhortations to act agentively towards change, and the foundational premise of a narrative understanding of experience. I argue for a recognition of the ontological inseparability of schools, teachers and teacher educator-scholars that can move us towards a more 'affirmative critique'. I assert the significance of affect as a compelling force in not only how teachers experience inclusion and inclusive teaching, but also for how teacher educators mobilize themselves towards this project. I question the presumed disembodied 'freedom' attached to conceptions of inclusive teachers and teacher educators. And, finally, I deploy dishumanism to extend an understanding of narrative that can both affirm teachers' role as agents while simultaneously recognizing their embeddedness in material-discursive assemblages.


Introduction, Karen Tanner, Goldsmiths College. 1. The Dimensions of Observation: Objective Reality or Subjective Interpretation? Pat Le Riche, Goldsmiths College. 2. Towards an Equality Model: Observation through a Power Lens, Karen Tanner, Goldsmiths College. 3. Practice Teaching: The Use of Observation by Practice Assessors and Practice Teachers, Kate Leonard, South Bank University. 4. Observing the Unthinkable in Residential Care for Children, John Simmonds. 5. Beyond the Bureau-Professional: Observation Study as a Vehicle for Inter-Professional Learning and User-Centred Practice in Community Care, Marilyn Pietroni, University of Westminster. 6. Holding a Mirror to the Institution: Observation and the Training of Approved Social Workers, Hazelanne Lewis, Hertfordshire Social Services. 7. Observing Management: The Contribution of Observation to Management in the Personal Social Services, Patricia Kearney, National Institute of Social Work. 8. The Observer as Participant: The Role of Observation in Systematic Couple and Family Therapy, Moira Doolan. Conclusion, Pat Le Riche, Goldsmiths College.


There are three defects of traditional perturbation and observation method in the maximum power tracking control process of photovoltaic power generation systems, which are oscillation, misjudgment and poor tracking accuracy. Thus, a variable step perturbation and observation method based on power prediction is proposed for three-level DC/DC converters in this paper, which effectively solved oscillation, misjudgment, tracking accuracy problems, improving the tracking speed and precision of the algorithm, and the verification results of the maximum power tracking algorithm based on the three-level DC/DC converter structure has also been indicated.


Abstract : Relationships found between BE/E and 'A' school performance were used: (1) to determine the feasibility of applying lower mastery standards for different ratings without significantly affecting follow-on school success; and (2) to develop criteria for reassigning a student early to a class 'A' school on the basis of his early BE/E performance. Few differences were found on BE/E modules between successful and failing class 'A' school students. Reassigning students to alternative class 'A' schools using the models in this study were not very accurate in predicting performance and less so in predicting attrition. It was recommended that students be permitted through BE/E with lower mastery standards on an experimental basis and that some students omit BE/E entirely to determine whether and to what extent Be/E is a prerequisite to the follow-on school. (Author)


Without any prior knowledge or user interaction, single image rain removal has been a challenging task. Typically, one needs to disregard image components associated with the rain patterns, so that rain removal can be achieved via image reconstruction. By observing the limitations of standard batch-mode learning-based methods, we propose to exploit the structural similarity of the image bases for solving this task. By formulating the basis selection as an optimization problem, we are able to disregard those associated with rain patterns while the detailed image information can be preserved. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world images will verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.


This article examines major unresolved challenges in the assessment of pre-K–grade 12 multilingual students in US public schools. The ethnic educator approach advocates for a change of paradigms in assessment, one that abandons the medical model to incorporate socio-constructivist theoretical perspectives and pluralistic and progressive social justice ideologies that respect, value, and celebrate the cultural-linguistic diversity of bilingual/multilingual students. Past, present, and future challenges in the assessment of multilingual students are discussed, emphasizing the need: (a) for teacher preparation programs to include training in classroom-based assessments, (b) to use the students' first language for linking assessment to academic competence across content areas, and (c) to use classroom-based assessments representing the students' cultural and socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds. Some recommendations for future research on best practices in the assessment of bilingual/multilingual students are made.


Aluminum composites with various reinforcement materials are widely applicable in advanced engineering due to their better strength to weight ratio, better stiffness, and high thermal conductivity as well as excellent wear and corrosion properties. This stimulates curiosity to study aluminum metal matrix composite reinforced with waste glass to improve its mechanical and physical properties. The composite specimens were prepared using stir-casting rout by varying weight percentage of reinforcing waste glass powder from 0% to 30%. The fabricated composite samples were characterized using universal testing machine, FTIR, DSC, TGA, and optical microscope. The results revealed that as the waste glass particle content increased in the metal matrix, there was a significant enhancement of the mechanical properties like hardness and tensile strength as compared to the pristine sample. The microstructural properties analyzed using optical microscope show good bonding between the reinforcements and the pristine materials in the composite that indicates the glass particulates are uniformly distributed in the Al-6061 matrix. All in all, the effect of waste glass powder in aluminum metal matrix composite was clearly observed and it enhances the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of the newly fabricated aluminum-based composite materials.


The utility model relates to a multifunctional injurious insect killer, which mainly consists of a protective cover, a colorful electric shock killing plate, a trap core clamp, a lamp tube support, a collecting tray, an electronic regulation and control device and the like. Objective injurious insects are attracted by smell, color and lamplight and drop on the colorful electric shock killing plate, an anode and a cathode of the colorful electric shock killing plate generate instant high voltage to kill the objective injurious insects, an inner inclination angle of the colorful electric shock killing plate is 15 degrees so that killed injurious insects cannot be absorbed on the colorful electric shock killing plate, and shocked injurious insects dropping into the collecting tray can also be caught. The killer adopts high-voltage micro-current, is safe and reliable, has high killing efficiency, prevents the injurious insects from escaping, and is applicable to killing various injurious insects.


Aim To evaluate the outcome of prenatally diagnosed isolated ventriculomegaly at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry. Method The authors conducted a retrospective study of pregnancies diagnosed with isolated ventriculomegaly between January 1999 and 2009. Mild to moderate ventriculomegaly was defined as atrial diameter of posterior horn of lateral ventricles (Vp) measuring between 11 and 15 mm and severe ventriculomegaly as Vp >15 mm. Results The authors identified 47 cases with ventriculomegaly from the congential malformation register and fetal medicine database. Of these, 28/47 (62%) had associated intracranial or extracranial anomalies and 18/47 (38%) had isolated ventriculomegaly. Among the cases with isolated ventriculomegaly, 10/18 (55%) of cases underwent invasive fetal testing and 2/10 (20%) had abnormal karyotype. In the cohort with mild to moderate ventriculomegaly (14/18), there were three medical termination of pregnancies (MTOP). Among the pregnancies that continued and resulted in live births, seven cases had normal sized ventricles on follow-up antenatal scan and another four had a normal postnatal scan. Of the four cases with severe ventriculomegaly, there were three live births and one MTOP. One baby had a normal development with squint and hypermetropia, one had mild developmental delay with poor speech and sixth nerve palsy and another one is being managed expectantly. Conclusion Our study reiterates that isolated mild to moderate ventriculomegaly in the absence of aneuploidy and negative viral screen is associated with favourable outcome. Follow-up scans (antenatal and postnatal) are useful in determining prognosis as mild to moderate cases can spontaneously regress. On the other hand the outcome is guarded in cases with severe ventriculomegaly.


Samples of new and weathered utility lumber pressure-treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) were tested for leaching of copper, chromium and arsenic by submersion in leaching baths of various pH levels. Accumulation of metals was monitored in leachate at pH 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 7.0 and 8.5 over a period of 40 d by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Copper, chromium and arsenic were found in the leachate of both new and weathered wood with significantly higher levels of all metals occurring at acidic pH levels. Up to 100% of CCA treatment metals were found to have leached at pH 3.5, whereas a maximum of 9% of metals leached at pH 8.5. Metal leaching was found to be higher in citric acid than in dilute sulfuric acid solutions. Leaching of copper, chromium and arsenic was not proportional to the amount of metal present before leaching.


During the course of BTA deep hole trepanning processing,the processing system has been surrounded by internal and external cutting fluid and chip.BTA deep hole trepanning processing system should be induced instability by any small perturbations,including not normal chipping or tool excessive wear and vibration of drilling bar.The measures were proposed for solving the instability of BTA deep hole trepanning processing system,through analysis the high precision process of machining of heavy-duty hydro-cylinder.The measures were proved effectively from the practical production.The research provides machining parameters reference for the similar workpiece in production,which are optimized and appropriate for drilling heavy-duty hydro-cylinder by BTA deep hole trepanning processing test.


Article is devoted to a subject which is actively discussed as in the professional circle of scientists and teachers of philosophy so in audiences of universiries and in the audiences of postgraduate students — "who needs phylosophy and why? ". The author proves the position in which claims that each reasonable person "philosophizes", anyway, during his life activity. Therefore knowing the doctrines of outstanding philosophers and understanding the modern level of statement and the ways of solution the worldview and philosophical problems, can and has to promote upgrading of individual philosophizing, development of the independent elaborate and reasonable position of the person on the most topical vitally valuable issues. The author realizes debatability of a number of provisions he isputtingforward and calls the reader for collateral discussion.


Abstract During the 2019 underwater excavation season of the Ma'agan Mikhael B shipwreck (mid‐7th–mid‐8th centuries AD), an unattached hook‐shaped masthead fitting with sheaves was discovered and retrieved. This remarkable and rare find is a type of fitting characteristic of lateen‐rigged vessels, and is an addition to the assembly of rigging elements, such as blocks and ropes and the mast‐step assembly, found and documented in previous seasons. Pieces of fabric, which might be remnants of the sail, were also found. These finds allowed the rig of the ship to be reconstructed and shed new light on eastern Mediterranean sailing during Late Antiquity.


This paper considers the massive random access problem in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels. Specifically, we derive achievability and converse bounds on the minimum energy-per-bit required for each active user to transmit <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$J$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bits with blocklength <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, power <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula> receive antennas under a per-user probability of error (PUPE) constraint, in the cases with and without a priori channel state information at the receiver (CSIR and no-CSI). In the case of no-CSI, we consider both the settings with and without the knowledge of the number <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of active users at the receiver. Numerical evaluation shows that the gap between achievability and converse bounds is less than 2.5 dB for the CSIR case and less than 4 dB for the no-CSI case in most considered regimes. Under the condition that the distribution of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is known in advance, the uncertainty of the exact value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> entails only a small penalty in terms of energy efficiency. Our results show the significance of MIMO for the massive random access problem. As an example, we show that the spectral efficiency grows approximately linearly with the number of receive antennas in the case of CSIR, whereas the growth rate decreases in the case of no-CSI. Moreover, in the case of no-CSI, we demonstrate the suboptimality of the pilot-assisted scheme, especially when the number of active users is large. Building on non-asymptotic results, assuming all users are active and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$J=\Theta (1)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, we obtain scaling laws of the number of supported users as follows: when <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L = \Theta \left ({n^{2}}\right)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P=\Theta \left ({\frac {1}{n^{2}}}\right)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, one can reliably serve <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K = \mathcal {O}(n^{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> users in the case of no-CSI; under mild conditions in the case of CSIR, the PUPE requirement is satisfied if and only if <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\frac {nL\ln KP}{K}=\Omega \left ({1}\right)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.


ed out of time and history.' 230 As Jacques Barzun has observed, "abstraction forms a ladder which takes the climber into the clouds, where diagnostic differences disappear," adding that "at a high enough rung in the ladder of abstraction disparate things become the same: a song and spinning top are, after all, but two ways of setting air waves in motion.' '231 Dworkin illustrates the current activist tendency to escape to the clouds from the earthy facts. Let one example suffice, that of his imaginary soliloquy of a fourteenth amendment framer: "Nor do I, as it happens, have any particular preferences myself, either way, about segregated schools. I haven't thought much about that either.' '232 If he hadn't, it was because desegregation was unthinkable in 226. Id. at 641. "The results Dworkin obtains, or rather forces," comments Judge Robert Bork, "resembled nothing so much as a political wish list. We are all entitled to our own wish lists but not to demand that judges make our wishes come true." Bork, supra note 177, at ix-x. Thomas Pangle considers that the account of human rights Dworkin offers turns out to be little more than a convoluted ideology supporting precisely those reactions to current policy issues that a conventional liberal academician is likely to have. One might expect, however, that he would not so cavalierly dress up his opinions as "natural rights" or call the culture-bound process by which he arrives at them "philosophy." Pangle, Rediscovering Rights, Pub. Interest, Winter 1978 at 157, 159-60. 227. Richards, supra note 79, at 502. 228. Caplan, The History and Meaning of the Ninth Amendment, 69 VA. L. REv. 223, 266-67 (1983). 229. Kurland, Some Comments on the Divine Right of King's Courts "To Say What the Law Is", 23 Aruz. L. REv. 581, 592 (1981). 230. Simon, supra note 18, at 641, 642. 231. J. BAsztm, A STRoLL wrm WVa.i.,m JAMus 59, 65 (1983). He comments: "Why . . . philosophers should have vied with each other in scorn of the knowledge of the particulars and in adoration of the general is hard to understand . . . [for] the things of worth are concrete and singular." Id. at 58. 232. Dworkin, The Forum of Principle, 56 N.Y.U. L. Rv. 469, 487 (1981). [Vol. 47:1 1986] ACTIVIST FLIGHT FROM THE CONSTITUTION 27 an atmosphere rampant with racism.233 James Wilson, chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, felt constrained to assure the framers that the Civil Rights Act of 1866 did not mean that all children "shall attend the same schools," 234 an attitude that persisted into the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, from which segregation in schools was excluded. 235 Such are the fantasies of one indifferent to historical fact. V. THREE THEORIES OF CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION A. Michael Perry's Theory 1. The "Writtenness" of the Constitution With his usual candor, Perry has described the "importance attached... to the 'writtenness' of the Constitution" as one of the "two persistent features of judicial practice in modem individual rights cases," noting that "the text is accorded authoritative status" even by "an 'activist' Supreme Court.'-' 6 "The importance of 'writtenness' should not be underestimated," he comments, for "[a]s Paul Ricouer has emphasized, 'it is with writing that the text acquires its semantic autonomy in relation to the speaker, the original audience and the discursive situation common to the interlocutor."'2 A lawyer may prefer Chief Justice Marshall's more intelligible explanation: The powers of the legislature are defined, and limited; and that those limits may not be mistaken, or forgotten, the constitution is written. To what purpose are powers limited, and to what purpose is that limitation committed to writing, if these limits may, at any time, be passed by those intended to be restrained?2sS If the Constitution is alterable at the pleasure of the legislature (or the courts), he continued, "then written constitutions are absurd attempts, on the part of the people, to limit a power, in its own nature illimitable." This would reduce "to nothing what we have deemed the greatest improvement on political institutions-a written constitution," a construction that must be rejected in America where "written constitutions have been viewed with so much reverence."' 239 The Founders' resort to a written constitution was derived from the centuries-old English insistence on written guarantees of their rights, as exemplified by the Barons' 233. Racism "ran deep in the North." D. Do.NAl, CHARLEs StemR AND Tru RiGHs oF MAm 202, 252 (1970). An Indiana Radical deplored the "proverbial hatred" of Negroes. CONG. GLOBE, 39th Cong. 1st Sess. 257 (1866). See R. BRGER, supra note 6, at 13. 234. CoNo. GLOBE, 39th Cong., Ist Sess. 1117 (1866). 235. Berger, The Fourteenth Amendment: Light from the Fifteenth, 74 Nw. U.L. REv. 311, 329 (1979). 236. Perry, supra note 9, at 557. Even Chief Justice Warren professed to share these views: "We cannot push back the limits of the Constitution[;] .. . [wie must apply those limits as the Constitution prescribes them." Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86, 104 (1958). 237. Perry, supra note 9, at 566. 238. Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137, 176 (1803). 239. Id. at 177, 178. McArthur writes: "Noninterpretivists are eager to discard written systems of law, including that based on the Constitution, because written law is the barrier between law and politics." McArthur, supra note 9, at 313. OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL wresting of the Magna Carta from King John. A brilliant French observer, Hippolyte Taine, stated that "[i]t was no supposition or philosophy which founded them [rights], but an act and deed, Magna Carta, the Petition of Rights, the Habeas Corpus Act.' '240 Paraphrasing Edmund Burke, he added, "our rights do not float in the air, in the imagination of philosophers, [but rather] they are put down in Magna Carta." 241 If the Constitution embodied a "tradition," it was this insistence on reducing guarantees to a writing. In Jefferson's words, the writing was employed "to bind down those we are obliged to trust with power," to bind them "down from mischief by the chains of the Constitution. "242 Throughout Perry would loosen the grip of those bonds: "the text is an occasion of and for remembering... [t]he founding, constitutive aspirations of the religious or political tradition of which we ... are the present bearers." Likewise, it is "an occasion.., for responding" to those aspirations, "interpretation" consists in "remembering those founding, constitutive aspirations and responding to them.''243 Now the central meaning of "respond" is to reply; if Perry means more than this-that the respondent is bound by those "constitutive aspirations"-then his argument is gratuitous and obfuscatory. Perry tells us that communities "share visions as to both whether something is a text and what sort of text it is.' '244 A text is defined as the "wording of anything written or printed... [t]he very words and sentences as originally written." 245 Can it be doubted that the American people consider that the Constitution "is a text" and was "originally written" by the Framers? To label it a mere "shared vision" is to blur reality. "What is the constitutional text?" asks Perry. "Ought we to understand or conceive of the 'text' as (a) the verbal or linguistic embodiment of the political morality constitutionalized by the ratifiers; (b) particular marks on a page; (c) a symbol of some sort?' '246 "Particular marks on a page" is a no more fruitful attempt to peer behind the beginning than an inquiry into what moved the Prime Mover. 247 To reduce the text to "particular marks" is to suggest that it could have been written by monkeys, whereas mankind for millenia have employed words to communicate their thoughts to others. It should suffice to begin there. So too, the conception of "the constitutional text as the verbal or linguistic embodiment of the political morality constitutionalized by the ratifiers" beclouds the Founders' unmistakable intention to limit the power that they were delegating. Although Perry defends modem judicial doctrine "as a matter of political morality," he candidly asks how a court is to deal with questions of political morality and comments that "[p]olitical-moral philosophy, after all, is in a state of serious 240. 2 H. TuAm, supra note 79, at 121, 143. 241. Id. 242. 4 J. ELuLr, supra note 125, at 543. 243. Perry, supra note 9, at 563 (emphasis in original). 244. Id. at 565. 245. O.roso UNmESAL DicnoARY (3d ed. 1964). 246. Perry, supra note 9, at 552. 247. "[W]e vainly try to rise, and that by conjecture, to an initial state . . . we are forced to accept it as a pure postulate." 4 H. Turn, supra note 79, at 421. [Vol. 47:1 ACTIVIST FLIGHT FROM THE CONSTITUTION disarray." ' 248 This underlines the virtue of preferring the concrete and particular to vague generalizations. Similarly, to label the constitutional text as "the principal symbol of, the aspirations of the tradition" 249 is to water down the concrete expression of those aspirations. A "symbol" is "[s]omething that stands for, represents, or denotes something else (not by exact resemblance, but by vague suggestion, or by some accidental or conventional relation)." 250 Why should we prefer a "vague suggestion" or "accidental relation" to the instrument itself?. Perry recognizes that not every constitutional provision "symbolizes an aspiration of the political tradition. . . . Some parts of the Constitution" merely "settle housekeeping matters." 251 In truth, the Constitution in great part sets up a structure of government, limiting and diffusing delegated power, having little or no roots in the "political morality" of the victorious colonists, whereas Perry is largely concerned with expanding the spectrum of individual human rights. 252 "[Tihe actual problems of government the Americans faced were now so urgent, so new," 253 that in the words of Madison, they "reared the fabrics of govern


Situs inversus totalis represents a rare autosomal recessive morphological anomaly of the internal viscera, equally affecting both genders. The genetic defect occurs in the 2nd week of embryonic life, when a 270-degree clockwise rotation of the primitive digestive tube occurs. The incidence of calculosis of gallbladder in patients with situs inversus is the same as in the general population. A 61-year-old female patient with a history of four episodes of colicky, left hypochondrium and epigastric pain, without fever and jaundice, was admitted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. CT of abdomen confirmed situs inversus totalis that was previously known to the patient. The patient was positioned in supine position and a mirror image configuration of the operating room was obtained, with surgeon and scrub nurse on the right side and assistant on the left side of the patient. Four trocars were introduced mirroring the standard position of the 5 mm trocars. During the dissection, second assistant was introduced for the laparoscope, due to the surgeon's limited motor skills in his left hand for delicate dissection, rendering him inapt to perform precise and safe dissection. The total operating time amounted to 110 minutes, which is three times longer than the standard operating time at our institution. The most critical point of the operation in constellation of situs inversus totalis is applying the clips, which requires precision and strength in the same moment. In the available literature, 40 open cholecystectomies before introduction of laparoscopy and 92 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were reported. To our knowledge, this is the first and the only reported laparoscopic cholecystectomy for situs inversus in North Macedonia.


The utility model discloses an automobile front-window glass printed antenna amplifier system, which relates to an automobile front-window windshield printed antenna and a small-sized antenna amplifier system of the printed antenna, and is applicable to vehicular automobile radio and tape player antenna receiving system. The automobile front-window glass printed antenna amplifier system comprises a front-window glass printed antenna portion and an antenna amplifier portion; the front-window glass printed antenna portion is provided with a front-window windshield; an frequency-modulation amplitude-modulation combined printed antenna is printed on the front-window windshield; the antenna amplifier portion includes an antenna amplifier outer casing, a support, an electronic circuit board, a signal output plug, a power input socket, a parallel coaxial cable output wire, an antenna signal input terminal and a high-frequency signal connecting wire; the electronic circuit board is connected with the antenna signal input terminal; the antenna signal input terminal is connected with an antenna signal output terminal; and electronic circuits include an amplitude-modulation input frequency selection circuit, an amplitude-modulation amplification circuit, an amplitude-modulation output frequency selection circuit, a frequency-modulation amplification circuit, a frequency-modulation output circuit, a power circuit and an electrostatic protection circuit.


Scholars presently engaged in African History have to face obstacles inherent to the constraints which involve academic production and its regimens of truth. It is in the circle of academic debates that one may grasp the lack of epistemic autonomy not only in defining our own historical questions, but also our heuristic models and approaches. Being able to call into question such regimens of truth which sustain the production of knowledge about the African continent is contingent on the critical reframing of epistemic vantage points, in spite of the recognition that that the very conceptual frameworks and categorization systems remain embedded in Western epistemology. Critically grasping this fact represents a challenge of daunting proportions. Therefore, to make historical sense of African societies' constitutive processes it is imperative to provincialize the political historicism which insists in placing the State as a definitive, rational and consolidated form of political organization. The analytical gaze deployed in this book intends to set out of the inverse perspective by focusing upon processes of social mobility, associativism and conflict management as constitutive elements of these societies. It is posited that it is possible to approach these processes out of the usual paradigms of modern states - either colonial or contemporary - in order to build heuristic perspectives conducive to the uplifting of social agency and autonomy of African historical processes.


Democracy and the rule of law are core values of the European Union and are mentioned in the founding treaties of the Union and have gained even greater importance with the adoption of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in 2000. The European Union Treaties and related Declarations refer to democratic principles, institutions, forms of enhanced cooperation, external actions and the EU's external and common security policy, i.e. non-discrimination principles, etc. Member States confirm their "attachment to the principles of liberty, democracy and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law".


The paper describes the exhibition "Louis Pasteur and the development of natural sciences: on the 200th anniversary of his birth" organized in the MSU Earth Science Museum. It reflects Pasteur's scientific achievements which led to the formation and development of such important branches of modern science as crystallography and stereochemistry, microbiology and biotechnology, hygiene and microbial ecology, veterinary and medicine, immunology and virology. The role of Pasteur in the organization of science and education is highlighted. The perpetuation of memory of the great French scientist is pointed out.


Ask practising anaesthetists what they think is the greatest problem with the difficult airway and almost all will focus on difficult mask ventilation or difficult intubation, or – as the worst case – a 'cannotintubate-cannot-ventilate' situation. This is intrinsically not logical. Fortunately, a true difficult airway scenario at induction of anaesthesia is rare. The incidence of a cannotventilate situation, for example, is about 1:700 [1]. Cannot-ventilatecannot-intubate scenarios therefore occur even more rarely. What must never be forgotten, however, is that a patient's airway has not usually become any 'easier' by the end of surgery (although there are certainly a few exceptions). Sooner or later, every tracheal tube or supraglottic airway – most frequently a laryngeal mask airway – has to be removed. From a safety point of view, this means that a stable airway condition is going to become unsafe until the patient has his ⁄ her airway under control, thus entering a vulnerable and therefore potentially dangerous situation. This was recently highlighted by a large survey in the UK showing that almost 30% of all adverse events associated with anaesthesia occur at the end of anaesthesia or during recovery [2]. Evidence of poor anticipation and planning for extubation was present in nearly 50% of cases. Interestingly, relatively little has been published about this tricky period of anaesthesia (referred to as 'extubation of the difficult airway' in the following) compared with the large body of literature on the management of the potentially difficult airway during induction of anaesthesia, even though we know from the closed claims study from the USA [3] that death and severe brain damage were more often associated with extubation or the recovery period, and therefore should attract more attention. The truth is that only a few airway enthusiasts, such as Cooper, have devoted much time to studying extubation of the difficult airway [4]. Review of guidelines published by anaesthesia societies on management of the difficult airway include only very superficial recommendations such as ''each anaesthesiologist should have a preformulated strategy for extubation of the difficult airway'' or ''an airway management plan for dealing with post-extubation hypoventilation'' should be available [5, 6]. This issue of Anaesthesia publishes guidelines from the Difficult Airway Society (DAS) for the management of tracheal extubation [7]. It is a very comprehensive article written by practising experts in airway management. The topic has been thoroughly reviewed and is supported by three identically formulated, self-explanatory flowcharts. The stepwise approaches taken for the 'Basic Algorithm', the 'Low Risk Algorithm' and the 'At Risk Algorithm' are well-known from the DAS guidelines for the management of the unanticipated difficult intubation [8] and divide the process into four steps: 'Plan Extubation'; 'Prepare for Extubation'; 'Perform Extubation'; and 'Postextubation Care'. To finish, the authors describe in detail two relatively common problems at extubation, laryngospasm and postobstructive pulmonary oedema, followed by an 'airway alert form'. It is worth highlighting a few of the authors' main points here. First, the authors correctly point out that no single technique covers all clinical scenarios and that no technique is without risk. The ultimate decision to remove the tracheal tube or supraglottic airway device or to postpone the procedure is primarily based on experience. In order to gain this experience, it is extremely important to train in these special techniques – for example, airway exchange catheter-assisted extubation – on 'non-difficult' cases before attempting them in a difficult airway situation. In the same way, it is imperative to focus only on few different approaches rather than trying to use the entire repertoire of techniques in very small numbers of cases. This statement is primarily Anaesthesia 2012, 67, 213–225


In the context of the problems of public administration of industrial development on a modern technological basis, new mechanisms and tools of public administration are considered. The emphasis is placed on the analysis of the mechanism of industrial mortgage, both risks and possible directions of development are investigated. A comparison is made with similar mechanisms of the 1990s.


This paper evaluates the High-Performance Fortran (HPF) language as a candidate for implementing computational uid dynamics (CFD) software on parallel-architecture computer systems. The paper reviews major HPF language features and discusses general algo-rithmic issues common to broad classes of CFD codes. Broader application areas, such as those covered by the NAS parallel benchmarks are also reviewed for suitabil-ity for HPF implementation. HPF is shown to provide convenient language structures for implementing several widely-used CFD algorithms, including nite-diierence and nite-volume solvers that use regular grids. Other CFD algorithms | including multi-block, multi-grid and unstructured-mesh approaches | are most conveniently expressed using extensions to the initial HPF language speciication.


Reflectance composites that capture bare soil pixels from multispectral image data are increasingly being analysed to model soil constituents such as soil organic carbon. These temporal composites are used instead of single-date multispectral images to account for the frequent vegetation cover of soils and, thus, to get broader spatial coverage of bare soil pixels. Most soil compositing techniques require thresholds derived from spectral indices such as the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalised Burn Ratio 2 (NBR2) to separate bare soils from all other land cover types. However, the threshold derivation is handled based on expert knowledge of a specific area, statistical percentile definitions or in situ data. For operational processors, such site-specific and partly manual strategies are not applicable. There is a need for a more generic solution to derive thresholds for large-scale processing without manual intervention. This study presents a novel HIstogram SEparation Threshold (HISET) methodology deriving spectral index thresholds and testing them for a Sentinel-2 temporal data stack. The technique is spectral index-independent, data-driven and can be evaluated based on a quality score. We tested HISET for building six soil reflectance composites (SRC) using NDVI, NBR2 and a new index combining the NDVI and a short-wave infrared (SWIR) band (PV+IR2). A comprehensive analysis of the spectral and spatial performance and accuracy of the resulting SRCs proves the flexibility and validity of HISET. Disturbance effects such as spectral confusion of bare soils with non-photosynthetic-active vegetation (NPV) could be reduced by choosing grassland and crops as input LC for HISET. The NBR2-based SRC spectra showed the highest similarity with LUCAS spectra, the broadest spatial coverage of bare soil pixels and the least number of valid observations per pixel. The spatial coverage of bare soil pixels is validated against the database of the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) of the European Commission. Validation results show that PV+IR2-based SRCs outperform the other two indices, especially in spectrally mixed areas of bare soil, photosynthetic-active vegetation and NPV. The NDVI-based SRCs showed the lowest confidence values (95%) in all bands. In the future, HISET shall be tested in other areas with different environmental conditions and LC characteristics to evaluate if the findings of this study are also valid.


Ti is inevitable to carry out PE reform at middle schools; the author of this essay try to comprehends the instruction and idealogy of "The Standards of PE and Health Subjects", rcfers to PE teaching practice, analyses the situational teaching methods, so to provide some references to PE teaching reform.


FRANCIS, D. W. (1989) "Game identities and activities: some ethnomethodological observations," in D. Crookall and D. Saunders (eds.) Communication and Simulation: From Two Fields to One Theme. Clevedon, UK: Avon; Philadelphia, PA: Multilingual Matters. WATSON, D. R. and W. W. SHARROCK (1987) "Some social-interactional aspects of a business game," in D. Crookall et al. (eds.) Simulation-Gaming in the Late 1980s. Oxford: Pergamon.


Herein we report the preparation of polystyrene-block-poly((3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)-co-(4-methoxymethylstyrene)) (PS-b-P(ClHPMA-co-MMS)) and polystyrene-block-poly((3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)-co-(4-methoxymethylstyrene)-co-(3-(1-mesityl-1H-imidazolium-3-yl chloride)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)) (PS-b-P(ClHPMA-co-MMS-co-MesIHPMA)) block copolymers and corresponding micelles formed in methanol (MeOH) as selective solvent. Utilizing nitroxide-mediated polymerization...


Different verbal means and methods are used for creating a comic effect in F. Alechnovich's comedy «Sir Minister». An important role in revealing the comic connotation belongs to special means.