Abstract To facilitate short-term storage for the production, distribution, and release of subtropical or tropical lacewings, we evaluated the life-history consequences of exposing eggs to moderately low temperatures. We tested three Neotropical species: Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen), C. smithi (Navas), and Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). For each species we subjected eggs of four different age groups to five temperatures between 4.5 and 15.6°C for 3 weeks, and we recorded the timing and incidence of hatching, post-storage larval molts, cocoon spinning, pupal molts, the preoviposition period, imaginal survival for 30 days after emergence, the number of eggs laid during the first 15 days of oviposition, and egg fertility. The results show that the temperature range for successfully storing eggs of the two Ceraeochrysa spp. is narrow and relatively high (∼14 days at ∼15.6°C), whereas that for Chrysoperla externa is considerably broader (∼14 to 21 days at 10 to 15.6°C, respectively). For all three species, immatures (larvae and pupae) from stored eggs developed slightly but significantly slower (by 0.4–1.6 days) than those from unstored eggs, and for Chrysoperla externa stored at 10 and 12.8°C, survival of late instars was reduced by 30–40%. Storage of the two Ceraeochrysa spp. did not affect any of the measures of post-storage reproductive success. In contrast, C. externa showed a lengthening of the preoviposition period in adults reared from eggs stored at 10°C. The results indicate that newly laid eggs of the three species can be held without hatching for approximately 2 weeks at 15.6°C and that storage of C. externa eggs can be extended to 3 weeks at 12.8°C. These regimens offer short-term storage capability and relatively good post-storage quality.


We report W band MMIC power amplifiers in an InGaAs/InAlAs HBT technology. A cascode amplifier with an emitter area of 100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and a total die size of 0.42/spl times/0.36 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ delivers 10 dBm at 75 GHz under 1.7 dB of gain compression. A balanced amplifier composed of two such cascode cells delivers 10.7 dBm at 78 GHz under 1 dB of gain compression. A common-base amplifier delivers 9.7 dBm at 82.5 GHz under 0.8 dB of gain compression. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the best reported power performance at W band for HBT MMIC amplifiers.


To study the risk of thermal injury in photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization by calculating the retinal temperature of rabbits, a mathematical model for laser induced thermal effect on retina was developed. Homogeneous layer retinal models of different pigmented rabbits were presented to analyze the light distribution. The finite element method realized by Matlab software was used to solve classical bio-heat transfer model - Pennis equation, in which heat loss due to choroidal blood flow was considered. The retinal temperature was calculated with different laser parameters, including different wavelengths (532nm, 578nm and 690nm), power density (200~1600 mW/cm2), spot diameter (1mm, 2mm and 3mm) and different pigmented eye fundi. The prediction results showed the retinal temperature increased first, then reached maximum in a few seconds and kept constant during laser irradiation. Once laser exposure ended, the temperature decreased quickly to normal. With the increase of laser power density and spot size, the retinal temperature raised too. The temperature reduced exponentially with the distance from laser spot increased. The maximum temperature of non-pigmented rabbits was lower than that of pigmented rabbits. The temperature induced by 578nm laser irradiation was highest, the next was by 532nm laser and the lowest was by 690nm laser. For current parameters used to treat choroidal neovascularization (690nm, 600mW, 2mm, 83sec), the maximum retinal temperature calculated was less than 45 °C, which indicating no thermal damage induced.


It has been known since the early 1940's that radiation can cause an instability in the interstellar medium. Absorbing dust particles in an isotropic radiation field shadow each other by a solid angle which is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two particles, leading to an inverse-square attractive force - mock gravity. The effect is largest in an optically thin medium. Recently Hogan and White (HW, hereafter) proposed that if the pre-galactic universe contained suitable sources of radiation and dust, instability in the dust distribution caused by mock gravity may have led to the formation of galaxies and galaxy clusters. In their picture of a well-coupled dust-gas medium, HW show that mock gravity begins to dominate gravitational instability when the perturbation becomes optically thin, provided that the radiation field at the time is strong enough. The recent rocket observation of the microwave background at submillimeter wavelengths by Matsumoto et al. might be from pre-galactic stars, the consequence of the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by dust, and infrared reemission which is subsequently redshifted. HW's analysis omits radiative drag, incomplete collisional coupling of gas and dust, finite dust albedo, and finite matter pressure. These effects could be important. In a preliminary calculation including them, the authors have confirmed that mock gravitational instability is effective if there is a strong ultraviolet radiation at the time, but any galaxies that form would be substantially enriched in heavy elements because the contraction of the dust is more rapid than that of the gas. Moreover, since the dust moves with supersonic velocity through the gas soon after the perturbation becomes optically thin, the sputtering of dust particles by gas is significant, so the dust could disappear before the instability develops significantly. They conclude that the mock gravity by dust is not important in galaxy formations.


Methine bridged conjugated polymers have low-bandgaps. This paper reports synthesis of methine-bridged type polyisothianaphthene bearing triple optically active substituents. We introduce chirality to the polymer. The polymer expects three advantages 1) main-chain low-bandgap, 2) isothianaphthene monomer repeat unit to show effective low-bandgap, 3) and good film forming property with chirality through good molecular packing. Infrared and UV-vis optical absorption measurements are carried out to confirm molecular structure.


Describes the establishment in 1996 of the Office for National Statistics (ONS), through a merger of the two main government statistical agencies: the Central Statistical Office (CSO); and the Office for Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS). Notes that this development forms one of a series of measures announced in 1990 and known as the Chancellor's Initiative, to improve the quality of official economic statistics and make them more accessible to external users. Focuses also on the establishment, in 1997, of the National Statistics Information and Library Service (NSILS) bringing together the collections of the old CSO and OPCS in two libraries: one in the new ONS headquarters building; and the other at the ONS offices in Newport, Wales. Notes the objectives of the ONS in improving access to government statistics in general, and to Government Statistical Service (GSS) statistics in particular. Considers in detail recent ONS initiatives, including improvement in the range and timeliness of information in the service industries and labour market sectors.


A substantial body of work views initial foreign market entries (FMEs) as intentional and deliberately planned by proactive decision-makers. However, research suggests that FMEs may also occur serendipitously. We take an international opportunity recognition (IOR) perspective and focus on the cognitive underpinnings of serendipitous internationalisation processes associated with six ventures. We highlight differences in the causal logics of decision-makers and cognitive attributes that, in the process of updating causal logics, create oscillations between serendipitous and subsequent planned FMEs. We also explain when and why an effectuation logic is more likely to be employed. We extend research on IOR by elaborating a dynamic interaction between planned and unplanned cognition that provides new insights into how cognitive processes facilitate opportunity recognition.


Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, one of the main tasks and goals of the government at all level is to promote basic public services equalization between urban and rural areas. Through the analysis of current status and existing problems of basic public services equalization, this paper puts forward a series of suggestions such as the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, breaking the urban and rural household registration system, opening channels of farmers' interest expression, establishing an effective supervision and performance evaluation system and so on.


Buoyancy-driven instabilities triggered by neutralization reaction in an immiscible two-layer system placed in a vertically oriented narrow cell were studied experimentally. The initial density of the layers was always set to exclude the development of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The problem was examined for the surface-inactive species, namely hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, which allowed studying a convective instability development solely due to buoyancy-driven mechanisms, excluding Marangoni effects. We show that one of two global scenarios develops in the system right after the layers came into contact. These scenarios, called by us diffusion-controlled and convection-controlled, essentially differ in the prevailing mechanism of mass transfer and, therefore, in the rate of reaction-diffusion-convection processes. The authors introduce the nondimensional parameter, the value of which determines the border between the two scenarios in the regime map.


S. Homer makes the following definition in [I] which was inspired by a similar definition in recursion theory: Definition: Let C be a class of sets. A set S is C-decomposable iff (3MI,M 2~C)(MI,M 2 are infinite, M I~M2=~, M IUM2=S). Homer proves the following theorem in ~I~: Theorem: Every infinite NP set is NP-decomposable. The proof of this theorem breaks up into two very different cases depending on whether NP=co-NP or not. In this paper we settle two open questions which were raised by Homer, that is puestion I: Is every infinite polynomial time set P-decomposable? Homer conjectures that the answer is no. This means that the property "every infinite C set is C-decomposable" could distinguish P and NP. In the sequel we show that, unfortunately, this is not the case. Question 2: Can the theorem be proved without the split into cases? We prove the theorem once again without the split into cases. From this new proof it will be clear that it is also applicable to P instead of NP, so the answer to the first question is yes. The proof uses some new ideas from [2] which are further developped in [3]° Definition: A function r on natural numbers is time constructible iff there is a Turing machine which on inputs of length n halts after exactly r(n) steps. It is easy to see that for any total recursive function s there is a time constructible function r such that r~so (Since s is recursive there is a Turing machine M which on input I n halts


Inactivating mutations in TP53/P16 are found in most types of non-small cell lung cancer while RB1/P16 losspredominates in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NRF2 activating mutations are also found frequently in lungcancer, especially in lung squamous cell carcinoma. However, how concurrent mutations in these genes maycontribute to lung cancer development is not fully understood. To address this problem, we compared lung tumordevelopment in a genetically-engineered mouse model (GEMM) with dual Trp53/p16 deficiency, +/- expressionof one of the most common mutations in NRF2 found in human tumors, Nrf2E79Q/+. Surprisingly, both groups,Nrf2E79Q/+ and Nrf2+/+, developed combined-SCLC (C-SCLC): a mixture of SCLC and large cell neuroendocrine(NE) carcinoma along with pure-SCLC (P-SCLC). The appearance of C-SCLC implicates Trp53/p16 double lossin the development of this type of lung cancer. Both groups developed C-SCLC at the same penetrance andincidence; all tumors labeled positive for NE-markers by immunohistochemistry (IHC) including ASCL1, SYP andINSM1. However, C-SCLCs developed by Nrf2E79Q/+ mice did not show NRF2 labeling by IHC, despiterecombination of the Nrf2E79Q/+ allele. In contrast, the Nrf2E79Q/+ mice showed significantly higher incidence of P-SCLC compared to Nrf2+/+ mice. All P-SCLC from Nrf2E79Q/+ mice were NRF2-positive by IHC, while the fewtumors developed by Nrf2+/+ mice were negative. All P-SCLC lesions labeled positive for NE-markers includingASCL1, CGRP & SYP. Both C-SCLCs & P-SCLCs were positive for NKX1.2 (lung cancer-marker) and negativefor P63 (squamous cell-marker). Interestingly, phospho-RB1 was positive for both C-SCLCs & P-SCLCs,suggesting the loss of p16 in our GEMM inactivates Rb1 through loss of inhibition of the cyclin dependent kinases4/6 (CDK4/6). This is the first study showing that the concurrent inactivation of Trp53/p16 in mice drivesdevelopment of C-SCLC. Our study also implicated activation of NRF2 signaling in the progression of SCLC.Our next studies will dissect the mechanisms by which NRF2 activation contributes to the development of SCLCdevelopment.
 Citation Format: Samera Hamad, Stephanie A. Montgomery, Jeremy M. Simon, Brittany M. Bowman, Kyle B. Spainhower, Ryan M. Murphy, Agnieszka Witkiewicz, Suzanne E. Fenton, Scott H. Randell, Neil Hayes, Erik Knudsen, Trudy G. Oliver, Ben Major, Bernard E. Weissman. The Nrf2E79Q activating mutation accelerates growth of pure-small cell lung cancer but not combined small cell lung cancer Tp53floxed/floxed/Cdkn2afloxed/floxed mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 921.


As the hemoglobin is transport operator of gases. Researcher would like to find out the role of exercises in maintenance of hemoglobin level amongst higher age group ranges form 51-62. The studies in the gerontology had indicated that exercises delays the aging process and had impact on certain physiological aspects. The present study was undertaken to examine the differences in Hemoglobin amongst the physically active (Dynamic exercises practitioners), Yogic practitioners and Sedentary (inactive) adults. Total number of subjects selected for the study was 120, out of which 40 each were Dynamic exercises practitioners, Yogic practitioners and 40 were sedentary adults in the age group of age ranges from 51-62 years. All the subjects were tested for hemoglobin with the help of Shalli's Hellis hemoglobin meter.The hemoglobin level of physically active (Dynamic exercises practitioners) and Yogic practitioners were at normal range as compared to the Sedentary (inactive) adults. The level of hemoglobin amongst Active and Inactive adults Inactive and Yogic Practitioners differs. Both active adults and Yogic Practitioners were better in hemoglobin. Though the adults does not have the normal range of level of hemoglobin, but activities in any form dynamic exercise and yogic practices had the better impact in the improvement of hemoglobin.


Basic characteristics for InGaAsP carrier injection modulators integrated with distributed feedback laser diodies (DFB LDs) have been investigated. 450Mbit/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) pulse modulation with time-averaged spectral line-width as narrow as 600 MHz has been achieved.


The asphalt-aggregate interface interaction (AAI) plays a significant role in the overall performances of asphalt mixture, which is caused due to the complicated physicochemical processes and is influenced by various factors, including the acid-base property of aggregates. In order to analyze the effects of the chemical constitution of aggregate on the AAI, the average structure C65H74N2S2 is selected to represent the asphaltene in asphalt and magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), aluminium sesquioxide (Al2O3), and silicon dioxide (SiO2) are selected to represent the major oxides in aggregate. The molecular models are established for asphaltene and the four oxides, respectively, and the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted for the four kinds of asphaltene-oxide system at different temperatures. The interfacial energy in MD simulation is calculated to evaluate the AAI, and higher value means better interaction. The results show that interfacial energy between asphaltene and oxide reaches the maximum value at 25°C and 80°C and the minimum value at 40°C. In addition, the interfacial energy between asphaltene and MgO was found to be the greatest, followed by CaO, Al2O3, and SiO2, which demonstrates that the AAI between asphalt and alkaline aggregates is better than acidic aggregates.


Lampricide formulations containing 3 ‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐nitrophenol (TFM) have been associated with induction of hepatic mixed function oxygenase (MFO) activity and altered levels of circulating steroids in fish. Bioassay‐directed chemical fractionations have shown MFO induction to be associated with impurities in TFM field formulations. A similar toxicity identification/evaluation approach coupled to competitive binding to rainbow trout estrogen receptors (ER) was used to identify compounds associated with estrogenic responses in fish. In contrast to MFO induction, nearly all binding to the ER was associated with fractions containing TFM, TFM isomers, and p‐chlorophenol.p‐Chlorophenol did not show any affinity for the receptor when tested separately. Diphenyl ether impurities identified in the fractions causing MFO induction as well as analogues to dibenzo‐p‐dioxins suspected in these fractions also showed no affinity for the receptor when tested individually. Relative to estradiol, TFM demonstrated an affinity of 5.03 × 10−5, compared to 2.47 × 10−4 for p‐nonylphenol, a reported estradiol agonist. Vitellogenin induction in primary cultures of rainbow trout hepatocytes indicated that TFM acts as an estradiol agonist.


The main reason of the effectiveness decrease of the agricultural industry complex for the last ten years is the transition from the old principles of management to new ones. Not many enterprises were able to reform in the current conditions. Creation of integrated structures with inclusion of agricultural and servicing enterprises is capable to reduce role of unprofitable agricultural enterprises, and to raise efficiency of agricultural production.


General: 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, 4,4'-dipyridine, catechol, dibenzo-30-crown-10, and 3,5bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid were purchased from Acros or from Fluka. The crown ethers 1,5-dinaphto-38-crown-10 and bis-p-phenylene-34-crown-10 were prepared as described in the literature. The multicomponent reactions were carried out under an atmosphere of dry nitrogen using standard Schlenk techniques. The H, C and B spectra were recorded on a Bruker Advance DPX 400 spectrometer using the residual protonated solvents (H, C) as internal standards or BF3•OEt2 (B) as an external standard. F NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Advance 200 spectrometer using CFCl3 as an external standard. All spectra were recorded at room temperature and at a concentration of 10 mM. Elemental analyses were performed on a CE Instruments EA 1110 CHN instrument.


Resent scientific works demonstrate that population physical health depends on food quality. One of the important modern problems is lack of biologically active substances such as vitamins, antioxidants, and mineral substances in food. Many of them cannot be synthesized by the human body and must come with food. Tomato paste can be the source of the antioxidants necessary for the human body. The purpose of this work was to determine the content of carotenoids in tomato paste samples. Tomato paste contains a significant amount of carotenoids, mainly β-carotene and lycopene. As a result of experimental studies, the author determined the content of carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene in tomato paste samples produced in Russia and abroad. It was found out that there is a direct proportion between the content of carotenoids and β-carotene: the higher the content of carotenoids, the higher the content of β-carotene. Proportion of β-carotene in all studied samples is a little more than 12% of the total amount of carotenoids. Consumption of concentrated tomato products by different age and social population groups in Russia will help improve food ration by means of providing β-carotene and lycopene according to the physiological requirements in nutrients


To establish precise incidence figures for trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 in the former Trent region, to identify current prenatal diagnostic practice, and to assess the potential impact of the introduction of recently devised prenatal diagnostic practices.


The use of sustainable soil conservation practices has become more and more widespread in recent decades due to the growing awareness that soil, a non-renewable resource delivering multiple ecosystem services, is increasingly being menaced by various processes, such as erosion, pollution, loss of organic matter, desertification, salinization, loss of biodiversity, and many others [...]


Social media use has increased to such levels in recent years that it has transformed into a trend-setting powerhouse, introducing subjects that would have previously remained outside of the public eye. Through people's shared opinions and responses about a trend on social media, we hope to determine how long it can hold an audience's attention on its own. We will analyze the sentiment of individuals toward a particular topic using the information gleaned from social media comments. Our work will be based on unreleased films and make predictions about how they will turn out when they are released. In this work, we have processed and examined accumulated reviews about a film to see whether the general public feels positively or negatively about it and to calculate the likelihood that a certain film will be a success. From this, we can infer how the success of a movie or product is influenced by both positive and negative attention before its release.


The influence of solvent viscosity, isotopic exchange and adsorption on primary photoprocesses like fluorescence, IC, ISC, isomerisation and electron transfer of ionic polymethine dyes was studied experimentally (ps fluorescence, excite and probe spectroscopy) and theoretically (evaluation of the Fokker-Planck-equation).


PURPOSE: To obtain efficiently styrene and ethylbenzene with simple process and with high energy efficiency by applying the advantage of adiabatic compression when styrene and ethylbenzene are separated from a liquid mixture containing them by distillation. CONSTITUTION: The method for separating styrene and ethylbenzene comprises the steps of (1) feeding a liquid mixture comprising styrene and ethylbenzene into the distillation column 1 which is operated at reduced pressure, then withdrawing the components having low boiling points (ethylbenzene is contained) from the head of the column 1l and withdrawing the components having high boiling (styrene is contained) from the bottom of the column 1, (2) passing the components from the head of the column 1 through a superheater 2 and then to the compressor 3 for adiabatic compression, and introducing the compressed vapor from the compressor 3 into the reboiler 4, and (3) recycling a part of the liquid condensed in the reboiler 4 through the superheater 2 to the upper part of the column 1 and withdrawing the remaining part, wherein the part discharged from the superheater 2 in the process (3) is further divided into two parts, and each part is treated as follows; The first partial stream is passed through a reboiler 5 and then to the distillation column (pure styrene column) 6, and further recycled to the upper part of the column 1. Then, the first partial stream contributes as a heat source of the column 6. On the other hand, the second partial stream is directly recycled to the upper part of the column 1. The system is stably operated by the construction of the control system composed of valve 7 and 8 together with PIC of the column 1. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Abstract A laser diode package is mounted on an optical pickup head actuator. The laser diode package is used to sense the displacement of a moving target by self-mixing interference signals. A sliding mode based fuzzy control method is developed to achieve fast response of the optical pickup head actuator, which is driven in a focusing direction. Simulation results show the proposed method performs better than sliding-mode control. Experimental results further show that the proposed control method outperforms sliding-mode control.


The world is in a crucial era of energy transition, and green energy will serve as a new engine that drives sustainable development in the future. Renewable energy becomes the core energy to cultivate green energy industries and promote energy self-sufficiency in Taiwan. In recent years, water, food and energy nexus (WFE Nexus) has gained global attention. Therefore, a multi-objective optimization framework is proposed in this study to explore the optimal solution to the WFE Nexus for improving the synergistic benefits of water, food, and energy (hydropower, small hydropower and solar power). The joint multi-objective operation of the Shihmen Reservoir and irrigation ponds in the northern Taiwan constitutes the case study. This study aims at achieving the optimal water supply to fulfill basic demands from different sectors as well as increasing green energy output by utilizing reservoir spilled water to lift up hydropower output, installing small hydropower in river channels, and setting up solar panels over irrigation ponds. The results support the high potential of photoelectric ponds because the installation of solar panels over irrigation ponds can 1) reduce evaporation amount and water temperature and 2) provide water quality conditions suitable for growing fish while increasing solar power output. The results also indicate that the optimal joint operation of the Shihmen Reservoir and irrigation ponds can promote reservoir hydropower output and the small hydropower output in river channels while increasing water supply and food production. This study demonstrates that the intelligent management of the reservoir and photoelectric ponds not only can increase green energy production, water supply and food production but also can enhance the synergistic benefits of the WFE Nexus, which provides long/short term policies for sustainable urban development.

Keywords: Multi-objective reservoir operation; Optimization; Water, food and energy nexus (WFE Nexus); Green energy; Greenhouse


The microspheres possess major superficial area that the same quantity of polymerized monomer in mass, which offers advantages of interaction with the medium, as much to absorb water as for other purposes. His obtain depends on a series of specific conditions that, if not being apropiated, cannot react adequately and will precipitate in mass. By means of the use of acrilamide monomer, the crosslinker Nmetilenbisacrilamide, the initiator agent ammonium persulfate, water as a dissolution agent and toluene as the continuous phase; all of them mixed and shaken in the process of polymerization in inverse suspension, were prepared hidrogels in individual microspheres shape.


Transgenic tobacco plants with 2–Cys Prx(Longjiang911) was chosen to investigate the photochemical activity of transgenic tobacco plants under drought stress. The results showed that the relative fluorescence intensity in K and J point of OJIP curve in leaves of the transgenic tobacco plants with 2–Cys Prx were lower than those of the non transgenic tobacco(CK) under drought stress, but opening degree of surplus active reaction center(Ψo) at 2 ms was significantly higher than that of CK. Improved 2–Cys Prx expression could increase the photocatalytic activity of OEC in PSⅡ electron donor and the electron transport from QA to QB in acceptor side under drought stress. The electron transport chain beyond QA–(φEo) in leaves of the transgenic tobacco plants with 2–Cys Prx were higher compared to the CK, but best quantum yield of non-photochemical quenching(φDo) were less compared to the CK. 2–Cys Prx could increase drought-resistant ability of the transgenic tobacco plants by improving photochemical activity and changing absorbed light allocation in leaves of tobacco seedlings.


The projection-reduction method introduced by the present authors is known to give a validated theory for optical transitions in the systems of electrons interacting with phonons. In this work, using this method, we derive the linear and first order nonlinear optical conductivites for an electron-impurity system and examine whether the expressions faithfully satisfy the quantum mechanical philosophy, in the same way as for the electron-phonon systems. The result shows that the Fermi distribution function for electrons, energy denominators, and electron-impurity coupling factors are contained properly in organized manners along with absorption of photons for each electron transition process in the final expressions. Furthermore, the result is shown to be represented properly by schematic diagrams, as in the formulation of electron-phonon interaction. Therefore, in conclusion, we claim that this method can be applied in modeling optical transitions of electrons interacting with both impurities and phonons.


This paper addresses the problem of global finite-time stabilization by state feedback for a class of high-order nonlinear systems under weaker condition. By using the methods of adding a power integrator, a continuous state feedback controller is successfully constructed to guarantee the global finite-time stability of the resulting closed-loop system. A simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


E-commerce comes from presenting product catalogs through two-dimensional static images that create limitations for users. Augmented reality features on smartphones have changed online consumer shopping activities. This allows consumers to try various cosmetic product variants virtually anywhere and anytime. Augmented reality is a new technology that provides convenience and experience for customers online to buy cosmetics online and try products without having to remove makeup. This study aims to examine the effect of independent variables on a dependent variable, with mediating variables. The population of this study is users of the virtual product trial feature who have purchased cosmetic products online aged 17–50 years in Indonesia, with a sample of 200 respondents. This research used path analysis, with the results showing that perceived ease of use affects trust, customer experience affects customer satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and customer satisfaction affects repurchase intention. However, trust does not affect repurchase intention. Based on these results, it is recommended that companies that provide product trial features adopt augmented mobile reality to pay attention to the convenience and benefits and improve the quality of the shopping experience.


presents a checking on work attendance wireless management system base on SOC.It is introduced that general system design,software and hardware designs.communication protoco1 is defined to assure data transmission and point's underlying routine.


Cytokinesis is a well-conserved process where one cell divides into two daughters, and must be tightly regulated to prevent aneuploidy and fate changes. The mitotic spindle regulates the assembly and ingression of an actomyosin ring that pinches in the cortex. Though less understood, microtubule-independent mechanisms also regulate cytokinesis and their requirement may vary depending on cell type. Our lab discovered that a novel chromatin pathway signals through Ran-GTP to regulate cytokinesis in human cells, and my thesis explored the biological relevance of this pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Our model is that importin-alpha or beta forms an inverse gradient to Ran-GTP and facilitates the recruitment and/or activation of contractile regulators. To test this model, I explored the requirement of the Ran pathway in regulating cytokinesis of P0 (one-celled zygote), AB (anterior daughter) and P1 (posterior daughter fated to be germline) cells. I found that each cell has unique ingression kinetics, and reducing Ran-GTP by partial RNAi of RCC-1 (Ran-GEF) increased their rate of ingression. Through co-depletion experiments, I found that the Ran pathway regulates ANI-1 (anillin) in P0 and AB cells, but not in P1 cells. Anillin is a scaffold that coordinates cytokinesis and is directly regulated by importin in human cells. I also found that regulators of contractility, such as ECT-2 (RhoA GEF) and LET-502 (Rho binding kinase) are in the Ran pathway in P0, AB and P1 cells. Thus, the Ran pathway regulates cytokinesis in all cell types, but the molecular effectors vary depending on cell type.


Due to the recent situation, especially since the beginning of the spread of COVID‐19, work in administrative or service offices under conditions of social divergence and the working environment has become conditional on the ventilation system; thus, enhancing ventilation's function to minimize the spread of infections, and impurities to larger areas or limiting its transition from one employee to another who work in the same place for long hours. A nonisothermal office room, designed with a mixing ventilation system has been simulated by using AIRPAK3.0.16 software, and RNG k– ε $\varepsilon $ as a turbulence model, where the adoption of partitions in such rooms was studied and its effect on thermal employee's comfort and quality of fresh air, by monitoring the air diffusion performance index, prediction of the mean vote, and percentage of predicted dissatisfied. The main findings were that partitions are seen as a technique of preventing and protecting against the spread of pollutants and illnesses since they prevent contaminants from reaching the breathing zones of the office's inhabitants. It was noted that the change in the height of the partition with an increase of 10% of the room's height as a gap, gives a more acceptance value of the heat removal efficiency and ventilation rate.


Aflatoxin contamination in cereals poses a significant food safety and public health issue worldwide. Cereals, including rice, are a staple food in the diet of the Armenian population. This study aimed to assess the potential health risks associated with the exposure to aflatoxin B1 mycotoxin through rice consumption among the population of
Yerevan. The daily intake of aflatoxin B1 through the rice consumption was estimated for the adult population across all administrative regions. The margin of exposure (MOE) method was used to evaluate the health risks associated with aflatoxin B1 exposure, with values less than 10000 considered a public health concern.
The results indicated that the MOE for aflatoxin B1 exposure through rice consumption among the Yerevan population was less than 10000, which indicates the public health concern. Even the amounts of aflatoxin B1 within permissible levels were found to be potentially risky for the health of the population. Moreover, the MOE method used in this study can be a useful tool for assessing the risks associated with other food contaminants and guiding the development of appropriate risk management strategies. Hence, this study emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring of aflatoxin levels in cereals, to ensure the safety of the food supply and protect public health.


New farm legislation tends to raise more questions about economic impacts than it answers, and the new Federal Agricultural Improvement Reform (FAIR) Act of 1996 is no exception. In part, this uncertainty arises because the Congress enacts legislation and the Department of Agriculture interprets and implements farm legislation. Two potential impacts of the new legislation are addressed in the papers. First, Kuch and Ogg argue that focusing on obtaining the greatest environmental benefit per dollar and geographically targeting federal spending to significant environmental problems may permit substantial gains in environmental improvement under the FAIR Act. Second, Ervin and Schmitz look beyond the declining subsidies of the FAIR Act and argue that science and technology policy actions that internalize externalities are needed to improve long-run social efficiency. Is unbridled enthusiasm warranted for the


For the clarification of existing discrepancies in the energy dependence of anti ..nu../sub p/ for /sup 235/U an experiment was performed which was based on a method independent of current techniques. A considerable reduction of background and correction problems was achieved by renouncing on an absolute measurement. Thus the resulting systematic uncertainty was 0.6 percent. In the energy range between 0.2 and 1.4 MeV the shape of anti ..nu../sub p/ was measured at 22 points in steps of 50 keV with an average energy resolution of 3.3 percent. Repetition of several runs with modified experimental conditions ensured the consistent reproduction of the results. It was found that anti ..nu../sub p/ of /sup 235/U shows distinct deviations of up to 2 percent from a linear energy dependence. 3 figures, 1 table. (auth)


To exploit and utilize the marine resources,it is urgent to carry out the management strategy of marine administration,achieve the sustained development of the marine economy and prevent or curb the deterioration of the marine environment.This urgency is accounted for from the uniqueness of the marine environment and the marine administration.The measures for the management strategy in marine administration are the establishment of the system of the marine administration,the system of ocean laws,the system of marine economy development,the system of marine environment protection and the system of marine exploitation service.


Pregnancy options counseling is an intervention that supports individuals who are struggling with making decisions related to an unintended pregnancy and typically occurs within medical and social service agencies across the United States. This intervention is important, as nearly 50% of pregnancies in the United States are unplanned or unintended. While little information is presently available on how pregnancy options counseling is practiced across settings, there are likely many opportunities where ethical dilemmas arise for the counselor. This paper will introduce pregnancy options counseling within medical and social service settings and identify ethical considerations for social workers and other helping professionals. The paper ends with a focus specifically on equipoise as a state of being. Keywords: Pregnancy options counseling; unplanned pregnancy; social work ethics; social work in health care; clinical social work; reproductive decision making


A low ripple switched capacitor charge pump applicable to phase change memory(PCM) is presented. For high power efficiency,the selected charge pump topology can automatically change the power conversion ratio between 2X/1.5X modes with the input voltage.For a low output ripple,a novel operation mode is used.Compared with the conventional switched capacitor charge pump,the flying capacitor of the proposed charge pump is charged to Vo—Vin during the charge phase(Vo is the prospective output voltage).In the discharge phase,the flying capacitor is placed in series with the Vin to transfer energy to the output,so the output voltage is regulated at Vo.A simulation was implemented for a DC input range of 1.6-2.1 V in on SMIC standard 40 nm CMOS process,the result shows that the new operation mode could regulate the output of about 2.5 V with a load condition from 0 to 10 mA,and the ripple voltage is lower than 4 mV.The maximum power efficiency reaches 91%.


pose ip33, ' with cattle,' or C~c~ npq2, ' ' a yore ox teamed with cattle,' which is better still, and seems preferable to Harper's selection. Or, using a word Amos employs in speaking about himself, D'j1 'p~~i'1, ' the herdsman ... with a yore ox.' [The plural D'nn would do. To conjecture lp33 (' in the moming') does not help the sense overmuch, though I am surprised no one seems to have thought of it.] I fear my third attempt may seem too far-fetched: En lp33 ~0~., ' will a yore ox plough in the


An overview of the NASA F-8 Fly-by Wire project is presented. The project made two significant contributions to the new technology: (1) a solid design base of techniques that work and those that do not, and (2) credible evidence of good flying qualities and the ability of such a system to tolerate real faults and to continue operation without degradation. In 1972 the F-8C aircraft used in the program became he first digital fly-by-wire aircraft to operate without a mechanical backup system.


The aim of this study was to make use of underutilized red-flesh fishes and produce safe and high-quality condiment, which have a low histamine level and a rich taste. Three kinds of fish sauces were produced on a small industrial scale from the deep-sea smelt, using not only koji mold but also sucrose (S) [S sample] or halophilic lactic acid bacterium Tetragenococcus halophilus (T) [T sample] or both S and T [S plus T sample] at room temperature for 224 days. A control fish sauce (Control) was prepared using neither S nor T. In comparison with 5 log/g or more of MPN count level, the short term of histamine-producing bacterial proliferation (approximately 30 days) and low level of histamine accumulation ( 1,000 ppm) during fermentation were found in the S and T samples and the Control. Moreover, free amino acid levels in the fish sauce mash at the end of fermentation were higher in S plus T sample than in the other samples.

Practical Applications
Recently, the demand for fish sauces has been increasing in Japan year after year for the purpose of efficient utilization of underutilized or non-utilized fishes and discharge of wastes from fish processing factories. Consumers also have requested safe and secure high-grade condiments from marine mammalian sources since the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. It is clear that pH value in the fish sauce mash using both sucrose and halophilic lactic acid bacterium T. halophilus quickly declined to 4.8 at initial stage of fermentation. As a result, histamine-producing bacterial proliferation and histamine accumulation were restrained and high levels of taste-active components and essential amino acid of the fish sauce mash at the end of fermentation were obtained.


With the development of information technology in the era of big data, the traditional education model based on offline courses can no longer meet people's needs. Online education (i.e., E-Learning) has become a new type of education model. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, traceability, collective maintenance, data disclosure, non-tampering and so on. Its characteristics make it an ideal solution for the existing problems of online education. In this paper, we proposed a new type of decentralized system which called ELMarket(ELM), aiming to solving the problems and deficiencies of existing online educational platforms, including that student user power is insufficient, participants are not interactive enough, and the copyright of educational resources is not protected well. ELM is based on Ethereum to build a private chain called "Intelligence Chain". We released circulating tokens which called ELStone(ELS) on the "Intelligence Chain" as an incentive to users. The system also proposed and widely applied the concept of "Smart Market". In order to protect teachers' creative rights and stimulate students' interests in learning, we have also added several mechanisms such as originality detection, review of users' behavior and credits exchange. In addition, we combine IPFS and relational database to store, making up for the lack that blockchain cannot store large files. In the end, ELM established a safe, transparent, efficient, and non-tamperable online education ecosystem.


This research addresses how alarm systems can increase operator performance within nuclear power plant operations. The experiment examined the effect of two types of alarm systems (two-state and three-state alarms) on alarm compliance and diagnosis for two types of faults differing in complexity. We hypothesized three-state alarms would improve performance in alarm recognition and fault diagnoses over that of two-state alarms. We used sensitivity and criterion based on Signal Detection Theory to measure performance. We further hypothesized that operator trust would be highest when using three-state alarms. The findings from this research showed participants performed better and had more trust in three-state alarms compared to two-state alarms. Furthermore, these findings have significant theoretical implications and practical applications as they apply to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of nuclear power plant operations.


This paper reviews the development stages of National Health Accounts such as concept introduction,setting up programme and evaluation,becoming a governmental behavior etc.The outcome of National Health Account and Government Health Expenditure in China from the establishment of the People's Republic of China are analyzed and discussed here.More concerns should be focused on the welfare and public interest of health service and scientific development view should be emphasized in relation to the government health investment.


Compression systems are widely employed in gas turbine engines, turbocharged engines, and industry compression plants. The stable work of compression systems is an essential precondition for engine performance and safety. A compression system in practice usually consists of upstream and downstream pipes, compressors, plenums and throttles. When a compression system encounters the surge, the flows in the compressor present complex three-dimensional patterns but the flows of other components might present relatively simple one-dimensional patterns. Based on these flow characteristics, this paper proposes a novel simulation method, where one-dimensional and three-dimensional (1D–3D) calculations are coupled, to predict the surge boundary of centrifugal compressors. To validate this method, a high-speed centrifugal compressor is studied both by the proposed 1D–3D coupled method and experimentally. The results show that the differences between the predicted and experimentally determined stable flow range are lower than 5% until the Mach number of blade outlet tip tangential velocity reaches around 1.3. Besides, this method can correctly predict the instantaneous compressor performance during the surge cycle, so it can also be used to explore the surge mechanism and evaluate the blade dynamic force response in the future.


THREE years ago Marshall & Verney [1936] reported the results of experiments in which the effects of electrical stimulation of the central nervous system on the occurrence of ovulation in the rabbit were investigated. It was shown that ovulation and pseudo-pregnancy could readily be induced by these means, and favour was given to the view that the electrical stimulus produced these sexual changes by the functional intermediation of the anterior pituitary body. An attempt to produce ovulation in the rabbit on heat by the action of certain drugs which might conceivably, by direct or indirect means, bring about an increased activity of the anterior pituitary, proved unsuccessful, the drugs chosen being pilocarpine, eserine, acetylcholine and adrenaline. It seemed to us of interest to see whether ovulation in the rabbit on heat could be induced by drugs with convulsive or other stimulating action on the central nervous system, thereby initiating by chemical means a train of events similar to that produced by an electrical stimulus. With this object in view we have used the following drugs: strychnine, apomorphine, P-tetrahydronaphthylamine, ergometrine, carbaminoylcholine hydrochloride, coriamyrtin and picrotoxin.


We study a multi-location model with financial market segmentation that permits self-fulfilling fluctuations. Such fluctuations are necessarily idiosyncratic, but their volatility varies systematically with an aggregate latent factor. We thus provide a coordination-based microfoundation for time-varying idiosyncratic risk. A key assumption of our analysis is that cash flow growth rates (e.g., firm profit growth, asset dividend growth, or country output growth) rise with valuations. We consider three applications: (i) firm dynamics and their risk factor structure; (ii) law of one price violations in finance; and (iii) exchange rate disconnect in international macroeconomics. JEL Codes: D84, G11, G12


In the years following the First World War, the first associations of disabled civilians were formed, to demand the same rights and measures for professional integration as those granted to victims of war and of accidents in the workplace, and to create institutions for rehabilitation. After the Second World War, associations of parents of disabled children began to create specialized institutions for children who were impaired or failing at school. The field of disability was built on the model of rehabilitation in a type of mixed economy, with associations managing institutions and the State financing and regulating them. From the 1980s, the gradual emergence of users' associations claiming equal rights and the right to autonomy on the one hand, and the "Europeanization" of associative actors on the other, led to a reorientation of public policies.


Immobilization hypercalcemia (IH) mainly results from rapid bone turnover and may be seen after spinal cord injury or long bone fracture in particular in children and adolescents. The pathophysiology of this entity is entirely unknown. A-19 year-old, male quadriplegic adolescent was referred to our outpatient clinic by a family physician. At presentation he had some vague symptoms due to hypercalcemia including fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation and dehydration. Laboratory investigations for hypercalcemia revealed low intact parathyroid hormone level, low 25-0H vitamin D, and high 24-hour urine calcium. He was diagnosed as having IH after all other causes of hypercalcemia were excluded. The pathophysiology of IH remains unclear. Treatment is directed towards lowering the serum calcium level. Up to date, intravenous hydration with isotonic saline, furosemide and salmon calcitonin have been the conventional therapies. Other treatment options include bisposphonates (such as etidronate, zoledronate or pamidronate) or, an inhibitor of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), denosumab. IH is a rare cause of hypercalcemia. Physicians should be aware of this condition when seeing patients with restricted physical activity.


Abstract : In the past year, we have made significant progress including: (1) creating a concept space data model, which represents a schema tailored to support diverse visualizations and provides a uniform ontology that allows the system to be leveraged for many types of health care datasets through individually designed text and data mining procedures; (2) designing and implementing data and text mining analytics and visualization algorithms; and (3) developing a flexible prototype system for using our analytics and visualization framework to explore large-scale, real-world health data. These three components are integrated in a generalizable browser-based graphical interface, which enables flexible and free-form data exploration and hypothesis discovery and also a more flexible distribution of the resulting software. We have completed the majority of algorithm development and implementation; implementation and testing of a few remaining advanced visualization techniques are outstanding. The system has received favorable initial feedback from users, and we believe it has potential as an open source tool to support health data visualization tasks.


The great enterprise has at last arrived at the fateful year 1789. These two volumes, comprising nearly 7000 entries, represent only the anonymous works published during that time. The authored works are yet to be documented, though no information is provided on this point. As has been the case throughout the series, the preparation of the catalogue is both comprehensive and immaculate. But the Introduction, which had already been rather disappointing in the previous number (see FS, 61.1: 102), sadly leaves something to be desired. It takes the form of a calendar of events, drawn up in much useful detail, but lacking any relationship to the publications except for a couple of references. No attempt is made to characterize or classify these writings. Adresses, Almanachs and Avis, for instance, are set down without comment. The relationship of historical and literary event goes unremarked. Yet, the explosive increase in the number of entries (almost doubled from 1788, which included both authors and anonymous contributions), testifying to the political excitement of the time, surely calls for some editorial attention. So, the value of these volumes is correspondingly reduced, the more regrettably as the wealth of data presented here is so prodigious. One awaits what will presumably be the final volumes, reporting on the authors of 1789, in the hope that they will provide a fitting climax to one of the most ambitious ventures currently going forward on eighteenth-century French history.


Background: The prevalences of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and arrhythmia among prediabetics have not been analyzed on a large scale. We assessed the temporal trends in the prevalence of AMI ...


According to the Climatic Change report of the IPCC of 2007, the global warming makes evident an increase of air and ocean temperature (IPCC, 2007). These facts directly mean the lack of water resources, a high importance phenomenon in the case of the Iberian Peninsula. In the present work, the differential effect of water stress is analyzed in areas with different solar radiation for different representative Catalonian forest species, using daily data TERRA-MODIS and Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-7 ETM+. The results of the analysis ANOVA have confirmed some trends of water stress, according to the received solar radiation. While Pinus sylvestris presents water stress in areas with a high solar radiation, Quercus humilis, against prediction, it indicates a trend to the adaptability in areas highly irradiated for the same period. The results also show the efficiency of the indexes used. Palabras clave: sequia, estres hidrico, indices de vegetacion, TERRA-MODIS, Landsat. INTRODUCCION


Activation of the carbon-halogen bonds in aryl halides is a key step in transition-metal-free cross-coupling reactions. In this paper, a new and efficient radical initiation system for the activation of iodoarenes to produce aryl radicals was discovered, which employs the combination of N-methylanilines and tBuOK. This radical initiation system is robust and versatile, enabling various types of aryl-radical-related reactions.


This study investigated the effects of hot water treatment on the texture of banana fruits. Fruits were dipped in hot water at 50 C and 55 C for 10 min before being stored at 25 C. The firmness of fruits treated at 50 C was higher than that of untreated fruits, and physiological changes including fresh weight loss, ethylene production, total soluble solid content, and peel color were also prevented. Treatment at 55 C slowed softening, but induced peel damage and failure to develop a normal color. Investigation of the cell wall composition and structure following treatment at 50 C showed a delay in the increase of watersoluble pectin, correlated with fruit firmness. A higher level of HCl-soluble pectin was detected in treated fruits, indicating that cell wall polymer solubilization had been reduced. Structural alteration to the peel was also slower than in untreated fruits. The study clarified the effect of hot water treatment on alteration of the cell wall structure and composition of banana fruit during postharvest storage.


This study explores public diplomacy and image repair strategies at the Arab embassies in the United States. The analysis of data, consisting of 16 interviews and 84 hard copy and electronic documents, revealed that Arab embassies focus predominantly on media relations and reflect an old public diplomacy structure. Relationship management in public diplomacy may be complicated by political, cultural, and logistical constraints. In addition, the study suggests that religious diplomacy may offer new opportunities for government communication. Analysis of image repair strategies revealed that Arab embassies used three out of five strategies. Mortification and evading responsibility strategies were not used by the embassies.


Routing in VANETs is challenging because of the frequently changed topology. The dynamic nature is caused by the high speed mobility of vehicles as nodes in the network. Adapting the dynamic topology is the main task during routing in VANETs. Fortunately, the mobility patterns and positons of vehicles in vehicular networks are predicable. Making advantage of these characteristics, this paper presents an improved dynamic hop choosing mechanism. It not only predicts the positions and mobility patterns of vehicles, but also takes into account the vehicular traffic density. Accordingly, the next hop chosen by our mechanism is seldom out of reach even if the topology is quickly changed. Simulation results exhibit that the proposed algorithm improves the packet delivery ratio and reduces the network latency when compared with state of the art protocols.


The aim of the study was to describe how child health care nurses (CHCN) experienced their work with regard to give support to parents, the content of the work as well as their thoughts concerning ...


ABSTRACT It is shown that a planar gap in a plasma medium is an appropriate idealized model for studying electromagnetic and plasma waves in a variety of situations, including plasma sheaths and ionospheric layers. A uniform, isotropic, lossless, warm plasma gap is investigated and is found to support both surface and interface waves which consist of an electromagnetic mode coupled to a plasma pressure mode. The surface waves are fast and they occur primarily at frequencies below the plasma frequency, whereas the interface waves are slow and are present at all frequencies ; in both cases, the waves may be either of the forward- or backward-travelling variety. In addition, the presence of leaky waves of the spectral type is demonstrated at frequencies above the plasma frequency. Dispersion curves are calculated for o large range of the parameters involved and the results are compared to those for surface waves along a dielectric slab which, in certain respects, represents a configuration analogous to the p...


Abstract: The ancient flow of the Ganges during the Mahabharata period is known today as Budhi Ganga. Earlier, the Ganges used to flow only near the Mound of Ulta Khera (locally Known as Pandav mound). But the floods during the reign of King Nichakshu changed the flow of the Ganges as well as changed the place and left "Budhi Ganga" for his memories. The name of Budhi Ganga is also recorded in the revenue records. In Hastinapur Kauravan, Karna Ghat (bathing place of Karna) was situated at one end of the Ganges whereas Draupadi Ghat (bathing place of Draupadi) and Pandeshwar Mahadev Temple are in Hastinapur Pandavan. All this is still there, but the Ganges has gone far away. A stream of Budhi Ganga passes through Hastinapur Kaurwan Pandavan, Gajpura, Shimla, Dayalpur, Alipur Morna gets in.A stream of the Budhi Ganga, passing through Hastinapur Kaurwan Pandavan, joins the Ganges via Gajpura, Shimla, Dayalpur, Alipur Morna (however in Alipur Morna two streams split from Budhi Ganga, one joins the Ganges and the other proceeds towards Garhmukteshwar).The "Ganga" of hope never left the Ganges and always flowed non-stop in the form of "Budhi Ganga"


A modified spherical harmonics (P_n) approximation which applies the ordinary P_n approximation to solve the fairly diffuse part of radiation due to in-scattering and treats the attenuated incident intensity rigorously is developed. The modified third-order P_n approximation (MP_3) is applied to analyze radiative heat transfer in a refractive slab exposed to diffuse irradiation. The refractive index of the medium is varying linearly. The results obtained by the MP3 approximation are in good agreement with the solutions of the integral equations and those obtained by the Monte Carlo method for the cases with various combinations of optical thicknesses, scattering albedos and variable refractive indices. The results show that the modified P_n approximation offers the possibility of more accurately treating the incident radiation at the boundaries which dominates the optically moderate and thin cases and the weak scattering cases.


The invention provides a die designing system and method. It mainly dose parameter design to the die designing course, which is mending the corresponding parameter of the standard die. It mainly comprises the following steps: designing the common die, classifying the standard design die, choosing the die part which needs design and ascertaining the tool position, setting the relative parameter such as machine type, tool type, tool name, die diosmose, material, thickness, automatic computing gap and punching force by the said inputting parameter, generating the relative drawing and die assemble drawing file of the die.


The influence of hot deformation process on austenite-ferrite transformation was investigated to predict the starting temperature of ferrite precipitation of low carbon steels during deformation (A_(r3d)) and the starting transition temperature of Nb-V microalloyed steels during continuous cooling (A_(r3)). The results indicate that the lower the C or Mn content, the higher the A_(r3d) temperature under the same deformation conditions, and A_(r3d) increases with increasing strain amount or decreasing strain rate for the same steel grade. On the other hand, A_(r3) decreases with increasing cooling rate and increases due to deformation. The simulated results were found in agreement with experimental ones, which implied that such a theoretical approach can be used to model the transformation process above mentioned.


FDCA is a potential non-phthalate based bio-renewable substitute for terephthalic acid (TPA)-based plastics. Here we describe HMF oxidation to FDCA with Co/Mn/Br catalyst. Optimization of reaction temperature, stirring speed and catalyst concentration results in an approximately 95% FDCA yield via minimization of side reactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest FDCA yield reported for this catalytic system and is comparable to that of TPA obtained during p-xylene oxidation with the same catalyst. A semi-batch gas-liquid reactor model is developed to estimate rate constants for the series oxidation reactions, based on concentration versus time data. The conversion of 5-formyl-2furancarboxylic acid (FFCA) to FDCA is demonstrated to be the rate determining step.


This paper presents a cartographic study of the "Nirvana case", produced by the Movement for Life (Movida), a non-governmental organization in Belem (PA), which serves family members of victims of urban violence. This banner presents one of the cases registered by Movida, the murder of Nirvana Evangelista, on July 5th, in 2007. Nirvana was killed by her ex-boyfriend, who, in addition to killing her, used to physically and psychologically assault her. We understand that the crime is about feminicide, violence against women. The Movida banners are part of a process of showing victims' pain and existence, being used in events of which the NGO participates, making visible the stories inscribed in the banner. The cartography here aims at understanding the senses that are projected from the narrative in the first person inscribed in the banner on the "Nirvana case", making the move to see what is given to see. Starting from an interpretative position, we search for these meanings that the "banner-report" indicates in the reading and understanding of this modality of violence. To do so, we use the cartographic method to follow the production flows of subjectivity in the concretion of the narrative, that is, in the narrative that is built around the case of feminicide. From Veron's theory of mediatization and signification, we consider this "banner-report" as a media phenomenon. We combine these two perspectives in an interpretative analysis of texts. We trigger these theoretical- methodological references in order to understand and interpret cultural phenomena, the subjective production of the Nirvana case, and the way in which the social movement produces reports about the specific violence that affects women. Keywords: interpretive cartography, feminicide, violence against women.


For a communication system to be stable, senders should convey honest information. Providing dishonest information, however, can be advantageous to senders, which imposes a constraint on the evolution of communication systems. Beyond single populations and bitrophic systems, one may ask whether stable communication systems can evolve in multitrophic systems. Consider cross-species signalling where herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) attract predators to reduce the damage from arthropod herbivores. Such plant signals may be honest and help predators to identify profitable prey/plant types via HIPV composition and to assess prey density via the amount of HIPVs. There could be selection for dishonest signals that attract predators for protection from possible future herbivory. Recently, we described a case in which plants release a fixed, high amount of HIPVs independent of herbivore load, adopting what we labelled a 'cry-wolf' strategy. To understand when such signals evolve, we model coevolutionary interactions between plants, herbivores and predators, and show that both 'honest' and 'cry-wolf' types can emerge, depending on the assumed plant–herbivore encounter rates and herbivore population density. It is suggested that the 'cry-wolf' strategy may have evolved to reduce the risk of heavy damage in the future. Our model suggests that eco-evolutionary feedback loops involving a third species may have important consequences for the stability of this outcome.


Inversive distance circle packing metric was introduced by P Bowers and K Stephenson [7] as a generalization of Thurston's circle packing metric [34]. They conjectured that the inversive distance circle packings are rigid. For nonnegative inversive distance, Guo [22] proved the infinitesimal rigidity and then Luo [28] proved the global rigidity. In this paper, based on an observation of Zhou [37], we prove this conjecture for inversive distance in ( − 1 , + ∞ ) by variational principles. We also study the global rigidity of a combinatorial curvature introduced in [14, 16, 19] with respect to the inversive distance circle packing metrics where the inversive distance is in ( − 1 , + ∞ )


We thank Dr Sarikaya and colleagues for their response to our image and case report on carotid dissection and profound bradycardia, and we welcome diversity of interpretation of the underlying mechanism of the observations.1 The profound progressive bradycardia observed was reminiscent of reflex bradycardia seen most often in vasovagal syncope and carotid sinus sensitivity. The patient's history of vasovagal syncope in combination with local injury to the carotid bulb region …


Pathology is an important bridge to connect the basic medical and clinical course,and experimental teaching of pathology is an indispensable part of pathology teaching.Culturing interest play a critical role in experimental teaching of pathology,which will determines the effect of the experimental teaching of pathology to some extent.


This paper introduces the inner-structure of graphic made LCD MGLS32064,and a interface technique of MGLS32064 and single chip 8031 microcomputer.Furthermore,it puts forward interface circuit of hardware,and the fundamental conditions of LCD normal operation,relative program,programming process diagram and introduces a method names"Senham's circle algorithm"to account for painting circle,thus realizing man-machine dialogue more convenient.


Pulse compression has enabled a new generation of low-cost and compact spaceborne weather radar systems. To successfully utilize pulse compression techniques for cloud and precipitation applications, the effects of Doppler-range migration must be considered during the design and operation of the radar. Pulse compression for spaceborne weather applications introduces additional interdependence between the radar system and the operations when compared with traditional pulsed radar systems, primarily as a result of the large platform velocities. Pulse compression signals for weather radar can be simulated with high fidelity to predict and optimize the radar's performance. In this article, we evaluate the pulse compression performance of RainCube, a Ka-band precipitation radar in a CubeSat, through analysis and comparison of observations and radar simulations. Through these comparisons, design and operational considerations for pulse compression weather radar are discussed. This work shows that the optimal pointing angle for RainCube to achieve the finest vertical resolution is not at nadir, but when pointing forward approximately 2.25°, in the direction of the spacecraft's orbit.


This bulletin synthesizes 177 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and 54 radiocarbon dates, as well as detailed sediment size and chemical signature data, to document the history of eolian sand deposition during the late Pleistocene and Holocene in southeastern New Mexico. The authors use this history, which is based on 20 years of field observations, to assess the preservation potential of archeological sites in this area. The bulletin is richly illustrated with photographs and figures that clearly tell the story of unearthing discoveries that were previously hidden beneath the shifting sands of southeastern New Mexico.


Abstract This article contends that international tourism may be one important means by which the capitalist world-economy seeks to sustain itself in the face of inherent contradictions that threaten its long-term survival. Marxist critics have long identified an inevitable tendency towards crises of overproduction (over-accumulation) within the capitalist system, provoked by what Marx termed the central contradiction between imperatives of production and consumption. Subsequent analysts have highlighted a variety of so-called 'fixes' by which overproduction crises can be forestalled through spatial and/or temporal displacement of excess accumulated capital. Building upon this analysis, I outline a number of such fixes intrinsic to the development of the international tourism industry. In addition, I suggest that ecotourism development in particular provides additional fixes for capitalism's so-called 'second contradiction' between the imperative of continual growth and finite natural resources. In sum, I propose that advocacy of global 'sustainable tourism' by a transnational capitalist class may play an important role in sustaining capitalism as well.


Introduction In most scenarios, the cost of older people's social care increases significantly in the future. When projecting future costs, two factors are particularly relevant in this regard: the ageing of the population and the increase in the unit costs of services. In this paper we explore the importance of the latter. In past years, the unit costs of care services – i.e. the cost per unit output, be that hours of home care or care home placements – have increased at well above the rate of price inflation in England. This trend reflects the high labour intensity of most social care and the high rate of wage inflation in the past. The Wanless Review of social care in 2006 assumed, as its main scenario, that unit costs would increase in real terms (i.e. after price inflation) at 2% per annum. The recent Green and White Papers, and the Dilnot Commission slightly downgraded this assumption and instead assumed that unit costs would increase at 1.5% in real terms until 2017 and then at 2% real thereafter.


Based on deep understanding of the connotations of harmonious society, this article analyses the relationship between sports and constructing of harmonious society,discusses the role and status of sports and specifically the developmental strategies,standards and countermeasures of sports in Nanyang in this process,thus,serves as a reference to those inland underdeveloped areas that strive to achieve the constructing of harmonious society and the development of sports itself.


Purpose
This paper aims to present a methodology for analysing the extent to which students of a university degree perceive that they have received a good education for sustainable development (ESD). The methodology enables us to quantify this perception, which, in turn, allows us to determine: to what extent the objectives related to ESD are achieved in the degree, and to compare the learning in ESD perceived by students of different degrees. The methodology is applied to nine engineering degrees and nine education degrees in the Spanish university system.

Design/methodology/approach
ESD is analysed from the students' learning perception. This perception is measured by comparing the responses of first- and fourth-year students to a questionnaire about their sustainability competencies. Two indicators have been designed to analyse the results. The first indicator, learning increase, measures the declared learning difference between fourth- and first-year students. The second indicator, learning percentage, measure the amount of learning as reported by fourth-year students compared to how much they could have learned.

Findings
The results show that the average learning percentage perceived by students is higher in engineering degrees (33%) than in education degrees (27%), despite the fact that the average learning increase declared by students at the end of their studies in both areas of knowledge is similar (66%). Engineering students report having achieved higher learning than education students in all sustainability competencies, with the exception of ethics.

Originality/value
This paper analyses ESD from the student's perspective. Furthermore, to the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study that compares the perception of ESD between engineering and education students. This comparison allows us to determine the different approaches that university Professors take to ESD according to the discipline they teach.


I am pleased to respond to the comments of Druck (2014) and Reis (2014) on my paper, "The Interplay of Deductive and Inductive Reasoning in Psychoanalytic Theorizing," of which the primary focus is an exploration of deductive reasoning in psychoanalytic theory. It is a companion piece to an earlier paper (C. Hanly 1992). It is an affirmation of the fundamental place of observation and inductive reasoning—facts of observation and inferences from them—in psychoanalytic knowledge, without which theory remains too conjectural and speculative. Epistemology is the theory of knowledge. It includes questions of the reliability and generalizability of clinical observations in psychoanalysis, such as the question at the extreme end of the spectrum of whether or not there is such a thing as a clinical fact to observe. However, the importance of epistemology as a philosophical discipline can be exaggerated, insofar as clinicians may work as critical realists while espousing some form of subjectivist epistemology. I shall argue in what follows that at least some psychoanalytic epistemologists are inconsistent subjectivists or inconsistent objectivists. An analyst who is working for the most part by relying rigidly on received, preferred ideas—rather than being receptive enough to the patient to test his preferred ideas against the actual experience, memories, fanta-


A collaborative manifesto produced with over 100 people in active recovery from substance misuse. Created through a series of workshops in the UK, Italy and Turkey and with an introduction by Will Self, the Recoverist Manifesto is a civil rights polemic.


A study of the tetraodontiforms collected mainly from deep water off New Caledonia by ORSTOM resulted in finding many significant range extensions and numerous specimens of several poorly known species, especially of spikefishes and boxfishes. The New Caledonian collecfions include 20 species of tetraodontiforms: six of Triacanthodidae, five of Monacanthidae, one of Aracanidae, one of Ostraciidae, one of Triodontidae, and six of Tetraodontidae. Two especially poorly known species of triacanthodids, Paratriacanthodes retrospinis md Triacanthodes intermedius, are described in detail on the basis of many specimens. The monacanthid Thamnaconus fijiensis, hitherto only known from the holotype, is recorded for the first time from outside the type locality. The rarely collected boxfish Kentrocapros flavofasciatus, which has been known only from the China seas and Japan,' is recorded for the first time from the south Pacific, and this suggests that this species is antitropical in distribufion.


ABSTRACT Because of its irregular shape, it is inaccurate to calculate the bearing capacity of the A-shaped mat foundation by a conventional method, which may have potential safety hazards. In this paper, the vertical bearing capacity of the mat is obtained by using the equivalent calculation method (ECM) and the finite element method respectively, and compared with the centrifuge test results. A correction method based on the ECM is proposed. Influences of foundation dimensional parameters on the H, M and H-M combined bearing capacity are studied. Expressions of H-M failure envelopes related to the dimensional parameters are established. A new form of V-H-M envelope expression for mats is suggested according to the effect of vertical load on H-M capacity. The modified ECM and the V-H-M envelope proposed in the paper can be used to quickly evaluate the vertical bearing capacity of the A-shaped mat and its stability under coupling loads.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of biofloc on the growth and survival of ornamental cichlid, Blue morph. Methods/Statistical analysis: Thousand number of Blue morph were stocked in circular cement tanks of 14000 l capacity in control and biofloc rearing tanks. Various water quality parameters, qualitative and quantitative parameters of biofloc and growth parameters were estimated periodically. The results were statistically analysed using ANOVA. Results/Findings: All the water quality parameters were high in Control tank compared to biofloc. Floc volume was higher in biofloc tank (4.4 mg/l). The number of microorganisms present in biofloc was much higher than Control. The survival rate of Blue morph young ones in biofloc treatment was 93% and it was 90.2%in control.All growth parameters expect length, weight gain and mean length were significantly significant (P<0.01) among the days of culture as well as between control and biofloc treatment tanks. Conclusion: Biofloc increased the growth and survival of Blue morph significantly.


Abstract Eighty-seven parents of children with Down Syndrome (DS; 63 women, 24 men) wrote narratives about finding out that their child had DS and completed questionnaire measures of subjective well-being (SWB) and stress-related growth and completed the Sentence Completion Test as a measure of ego development. Forty-two of these individuals participated in a follow-up 2 years later. Foreshadowing and happy endings in the stories were related to heightened SWB at both time periods. Evidence of accommodative change—actively experiencing a paradigmatic shift—was related to stress-related growth and ego development at both time periods. A high sense of closure and accommodation in the stories was associated with the highest levels of stress-related growth. Implications for research on well-being and personal growth are discussed.


I suppose comment on the World Cup can be divided into two sections: that what happen on the field and what happened off the field. There is little one can say, as someone who is no expert on the game, about what happened on the field because if you are a Bafana supporter, there is very little meaningful comment except it was a good start for a country which has never experienced play at such a high level.


A case of allergic granulomatosis is reported. A 38-year-old man presented with nodulous, ulcers on his limbs for 2 months and intermittent asthma for 30 years. Physical examination showed large ulcers on lower extremities. The diagnosis of allergic granulomatosis was conformed by histopathology. The disease was controlled by using the combination of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide.


In this paper the results of simultaneous and spatially coincident, dual-frequency (at C- and Ku-band), multi-polarization measurements will be represented, of bare soil and snow microwave reflective (radar backscattering coefficient) and emissive (brightness temperature) characteristics angular dependences at 5.6GHz and 15GHz.


We present a framework to calculate large deviations for nonlinear functions of independent random variables supported on compact sets in Banach spaces, by extending the result in Chatterjee and Dembo [6]. Previous research on nonlinear large deviations has only focused on random variables supported on $\{-1,+1\}^{n}$, a small subset of random objects people usually study, thus it is of natural interest and need to research the corresponding theory for random variables with general distributions. Since our results put fewer constraints on the random variables, it has considerable flexibility in application. To show this, we provide examples with continuous and high dimensional random variables. Our framework could also be used to verify the mathematical rigor of the mean field approximation method; to demonstrate, we verify the mean field approximation for a class of spin vector models.


The new method of the orbital cavity volume measurement was offered. The article deals with the linear and volume characteristics of the orbita. We described the specific features of the cranial asymmetry according to the example of the orbital sizes.


Construction of course group, which overcomes the narrow limits of knowledge structure for single course, carries training objectives of comprehensive knowledge and innovation ability, and plays an important role in realizing the goal of higher medical education. Basic course group in clinical laboratory medicine has been built based on the close relation, promotion, and infiltration of five courses contents. It has been explored and reformed from the restructuring and optimizing of course group contents, teaching methods, practice step, and so on. Practice shows that the course group is helpful to improving students' ability of integrated use of knowledge and presents obvious effect for improvement of the cultivation of students' comprehensive quality.

Key words:
Laboratory medicine; Course group; Quality training; Teaching content; Teaching method


This present work aims to explore the role of women entrepreneurship in women empowerment in the city of Barishal of Bangladesh. The study analyzes how women entrepreneurship effect on women empowerment in the society. A person-administered to semi-structured questionnaire survey method was conducted initially, followed by a face to face interview in April 2015 in Barisal city, Bangladesh. A total of 160 respondents (80 non-enterprise housewives women and 80 for enterprise housewives women) were interviewed for primary data. The results of this study revealed that entrepreneurship has a significant effect on increasing women's decision-making ability in their families. Further, the research also discovered that the businesswomen have more control over resources, ownership of assets, social mobility, engage in politics, role play in decision making on household and family health issues than non-enterprise women (housewives). In contrast, non-enterprise women have less knowledge and awareness of climate change, disaster management, and women's rights than businesswomen. The study findings suggest that easy access to the payable loan at general terms and conditions would play a vital role in a successful business. Future research is recommended to conduct a study in the Northwestern part of Bangladesh, where the impact of the household women's income is significant for social-economic development.


Despite rapid proliferation of social media, not much is understood about its usage behaviour in job search. This study (n = 517) examines the impact of information provisioning (IP), perceived image (IM) and perceived trendiness (TR) on intention to use social media in job search (IU), and subsequently its actual use (AU) using structural equation modelling (SEM). The study further investigates through multigroup analysis the role of type of job seeker as a moderating variable, with active and passive job seekers as two different cohorts. The study offers the following key insights: (a) for job seekers IP, IM and TR influence IU which has cascading impact on AU; (b) IP is the most important determinant of IU; (c) for active job seekers, IP and TR are key determinants of IU; (d) for passive job seekers, IP and IM are key determinants of IU; (e) active vis-à-vis passive job search moderates the influence of IP and IM on IU; (f) however, the relationships between TR and IU, and between IU and AU are not moderated by active vs passive job search. The study offers new perspectives in recruitment and enhances the employer understanding of social media usage of different types of job seekers.


Research that considers illness narrative 'master plots' (common and recognisable story plots related to the experience of illness), as expressed by individuals who have had a stroke, is needed Thus far, the literature has focused on identifying pre-established illness narrative master plots: the restitution, the chaos and the quest narrative. However, these narrative plots represent extreme psychological responses to the experience of illness; other narratives need to be understood in order to most effectively support individuals with stroke. Further research must identify if other master plots exist, and consider the implication of such plots. A narrative methodology was undertaken, contextualised within a social constructivist worldview. A purposive sample of individuals with stroke undertook a single online semi-structured interview. A categorical-form narrative analysis was undertaken in five stages. A total of eight individuals were interviewed. Following analysis, six individuals were identified as illustrating experiences related to a master plot termed 'overcoming the monster'. The 'monster' was represented in several ways, which included: a mental health problem or an expression relating to internal feelings; a sense of being isolated from others; a threat to the individual's independence; and a negative interaction or experience related to health care. Individuals identified clear strategies for 'overcoming the monster'. These included: adopting a different way of viewing life; identifying and attaining both big and small goals; persistence and determination in the face of adversity; and giving support to others through activities and receiving support. Allied health professionals need to understand the importance of this narrativisation of stroke because research has shown that allied health professionals can stereotype interactions by plots and seek to correct them. Implications of these findings ilustate the importance of understanding the individuals experience, not immediately reacting to a narrative type that may seem to fit, understanding the plot of overcoming the monster varies and may need time to be observed.


In this paper, recent experimental results of observer-based vibration control and disturbance compensation of elastic structures are presented. The used method is applied to a very thin elastic plate. Bonded piezoelectric patches are used as actuators of the loop to affect the plate. Core of the method is an extended high-gain observer-approach, the Proportional-Integral-Observer (PIO), which is used for the estimation of the system states as well as for the estimation of occurring disturbances. The disturbances and most of the system states are assumed to be unmeasured resp. immeasurable. So the estimations are needed to be able to set up the vibration control and the active suppression of external effects acting on the elastic structure. Due to the observer approach only a small number of measurements is necessary. This and the use of only few sensors and actuators makes the realization of active structures very cost-effective.


To study the design and performance of foam asphalt cold recycled mixture when mixed with old road milling material,this paper takes Foshan-kaiping Freeway expansion project as an example to illustrate optimizing the ratio.In the experiment,the foamed asphalt mixture is rotated,compacted and molded into specimens with different cement dosage of 0%,1.5%and 2.5%respectively to test the dry and wet splitting strength.Tests show that the strength increases with the cement dosage.The rutting test and fatigue test are made on the mixture prepared according to the optimum parameter of 4.9%water,4.9%asphalt and 1.5%cement.Test results show that the increase of asphalt will reduce the stability of asphalt mixture at high temperature,the stability at high temperature would be guaranteed if asphalt ratio is restricted to less than 3.5%;there is no significant change in mixture fatigue life with the increase of asphalt below 300μe strain,while the increase of asphalt content has a significant effect on the fatigue life below 200μe strain level。


This article is focused on the research concerning the calculation of the durability of electrical machines installed in the electrical system of M-28 and C-130 Hercules aircraft. The article presents a method of predicting the service life of aircraft commutator machines, which are the primary source of electrical energy. The result of the research was the determination of the durability of bearings and coils of electrical machines operated on aircraft based on a flight profile analysis. It is problematic to directly measure the wear of bearings and windings of an electric machine on the aircraft. Their usage can be determined from the relation between their wear and the ambient temperature. This research can be used in practice to plan maintenance work on the analyzed aircrafts.


The International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo in 1994 was the culmination of months of national and international discussions. The issues had been crafted into a Program of Action, which represented a potential shift in thinking. Delegates left the conference espousing a new paradigm and a broad definition of what people, especially women, should expect from their national health services. Governments were encouraged to recognize that the improved health status of women could only be achieved by a life-cycle approach and that health depended not only on good family planning information and services but on women's empowerment in all spheres—legal, employment, and education. The course had been set to greatly improve the approach of the family planning and maternal and child health programs. ICPD focused on a holistic approach to health that boosted the dynamic process already underway. This report is mainly based on secondary data collected through extensive review of all policy- and program-related documents published prior to and after ICPD.


For digital radio link systems operating in the 13000 MHz and 15000 MHz frequency ranges an overmoded antenna feeder line with very low attenuation has been developed using the SIRAL-S 58rectangular waveguide which normally operates in the fundamental 6-GHz-frequency range. The line is connected to the equipment and the antenna respectively by tapered waveguide transitions. To suppress the spurious higher order modes a simple mode filter is inserted into the S 58 waveguide at an arbitrary point. By use of suitable waveguide transitions the line can also be used with digital systems in the 11GHz-frequency range. Compared to the fundamental waveguide S120 the attenuation of this line is reduced to one third of the average dB value. The bit error rate of the system DRS2 8/15000 does not increase if the overmoded line is inserted. Für die Dokumenta t ion : Antennenzuleitung / digitales Richtfunksystem / Energieleitung / höherer Wellentyp / Hohlleitung / Modenfilter / SIRAL-Leitung


The present invention provides a combination of graphic vehicle state diagnosis method, comprising the following steps: Step 1, a client; Step 2, there is provided a server; Step 3, to provide a vehicle, the vehicle comprising a plurality of electronic control system; step 4, initialize the client starts up the diagnostic function; step 5, the client identifying the vehicle; step 6, the client or the server and acquires circuit information corresponding to the diagnostic information, and to obtain the required parameters of the current standard diagnostic function according to the data item; step 7, the client acquires the vehicle electrical control system for each real-time parameter; a step 8, the client or the server using various database processing techniques electric vehicle control system diagnostic parameters in real time, and the results using vector technology dynamically generated displays; step 9, if the user does not operate the step of cyclically repeated steps 7 and 8, when the user performs a selection operation function is performed according to a user operation.


The complete amino acid sequence of a CNBr-fragment from human alpha1-protease inhibitor has been determined and is shown below. The peptide consists of 109 amino acid residues with 1 oligosaccharide unit. The 2 glutamic acid residues which have previously been shown to be substituted by lysine in the Z and by valine in the S mutant proteins are both located in this CNBr fragment. (formula: see text).


A door trim for a vehicle includes: a trim main body (16) formed so as to be bulging out inward of a vehicle compartment as an interior furnishing material of a door inner panel (24) of a side door (12); and a clip installation base provided on the trim main body in a rear side area thereof with respect to the vehicle. The clip installation base includes: a clip settling portion configured to be opposed to the door inner panel and to be fitted with a clip to be mounted in a mounting hole formed in the door inner panel; and a clip rising wall portion provided continuously with the clip settling portion and forming a closed section portion together with the trim main body and the clip settling portion in a horizontal section, the clip rising wall portion including a bent portion having an angle so as to be convex outward.


Considering the water-weakening properties of completely weathered granite, a lot of tests were done to study its water stability, and the regularity between water-related stability coefficient, a notion which is introduced, and compactness, the content of cement the water content and cu ring time were discussed. Besides, the rule and mechanism of strength in the dry -wet cycles were researched by simulating the condition of underground water and rain waster. The result shows that the content of cement and curing time conform to hyperbolic curve, the compactness conforms to exponential curve, and the water content conforms to multinomial curve. As long as the strength of improved cement-soil arrived at some degree, the corresponding water-related stability goes unchanging as the microcrack growing under water-soil interaction. So it can provide the most economical way to improve the water stability for engineering by controlling the compactness, the content of cement, the water content and curing time.


The presence of accurate and spatiotemporal data is of utmost importance in hydrological studies for river basins. However, limited ground-measured rainfall data restrict the accuracy of these analyses. Data scarcities can often be seen not only in many developing countries but also in the developed world. Therefore, much attention is given to alternative techniques to accomplish the data requirement. Precipitation data extraction from satellite precipitation products is one of the frequently used techniques in the absence of ground-measured rainfall data. The Mahaweli River Basin (MRB) is the largest river basin in Sri Lanka and it covers 1/6th of the total land area of the country. Mahaweli River is the heart of the country and the water of it is being used for many activities, including hydropower development, water supply, irrigation, etc. Therefore, analyzing rainfall trends of MRB is interesting and worthwhile for many stakeholders of the river basin. Therefore, this research investigates the suitability of Satellite Rainfall Products (SRP's) as an alternative for Rain Gauge measured data in the MRB by performing trend analysis between the two datasets. Six precipitation products, namely PERSIANN, PERSIANNCCS, PERSIANN-CDR, GPM IMERG V06, TRMM-3B42 V7, TRMM-3B42RT V7 were extracted for 10-35 years for 14 locations of the MRB spatially distributed in the three climatic zones of the catchment. Non-parametric tests, including the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator tests, were used to detect the possible rainfall trends in precipitation products. Significant increasing trends were observed for both ground-measured and SRP's in the annual scale while mixed results were observed in monthly and seasonal scales. The trends from ground-measured rainfall and SRP's were compared and the suitability of SRP's as an alternative technique was stated. KEYWORDS: ground-measured rainfall data, Mahaweli River Basin, rainfall trends, satellite precipitation products, PERSIANN, IMERG, TRMM