Abstract : After the Islamic revolution in 1979, two different perspectives on warfighting influenced the tactics of Iranian ground forces. There was a traditional military perspective, based on Iran's military history, which relied on modern equipment and European and American officer training. Then there was the revolutionary perspective that often placed Shiite religious values of perseverance and martyrdom ahead of some military practices. These two perspectives contradicted each other at times, and the troops on the ground were the ones most harmed by this. However, it was the synthesis of elements of these two that would eventually become Iran's most effective means of fighting by the end of the war. By the 1970s, Iran had become one of the most dominant military powers in the region, and the fifth largest armed force in the world. The armed forces had established contingency plans and training and relied on the west for equipment and support. They trained for conventional war, but had little combat experience. The Shah wanted to become the dominant military power in the region, and, by some measures, he had achieved this. The vestiges of this military development in Iran, in the form of military technique and leaders that had not been purged, provided the ability to pursue the war with conventional military tactics. The clerics purged a large part of the conventional military structure after the 1979 revolution leaving the military broken and barely able to defend Iran from the initial Iraqi ground invasion in 1980. There were only two Iranian armored divisions with tanks in bad need of maintenance, and several infantry units in the main theater of Khuzestan at the time of the invasion, and it would be weeks before they could mobilize.


Three 6-ft (1.83-m) diameter, 120-ft (36.6-m) long test drilled shafts were constructed and load tested to evaluate the effects of using bentonite and polymer slurry on full-scale drilled shaft load carrying capacity. Ground conditions at the Miami, Florida site consisted of alternating layers of soft sedimentary rock and sand. Load tests were performed using embedded multi-level Osterberg-type loading jacks (O-cells) where maximum equivalent top loads of as much as 12,200 kips (54.3 kN) were applied. This paper presents the test drilled shaft construction procedures, and the load test procedures and results. Shaft drilling procedures, equipment, and bottom cleaning methods; slurry mixing and testing procedures; and construction time are also presented. Conclusions are drawn regarding the effects of construction methods and drilling slurries on observed side shear and end bearing load transfer. The authors conclude that significantly higher end bearing was observed in the bentonite stabilized shaft, as compared to the polymer stabilized shafts. This resulted in the bentonite stabilized shaft exhibiting a higher ultimate equivalent top load on the order of 25% to 40% higher than the polymer stabilized shafts.


The control efficacy of Zhi'anling, a plant-origin biopesticide against Meloidogyne incognita,was assessed at plot in greenhouse. The results showed that the pesticide inhibition reached 75.6% of gallformation and 66.7% of egg masses formation when tomato was treated with 100 folds dilution.However, Zhi'anling provided little disease control efficiency at over 400 folds dilution. Action mode ofZhi'anling against M. incognita was studied in vitro. Results suggested that Zhi'anling had a goodknock-out activity against J2. Treatment with 100 folds dilution for 24 h could knock down 86.7% of J2individuals, but most of them could recover mobility after returning to fresh water. Treatment with 100folds dilution for 24 h could only kill 36.0% of J2 individuals, which indicated that the primary action ofZhi'anling against J2 was inhibited rather than killing. Meanwhile, the results of this study showed thatZhi'anling could significantly repel J2, with obvious repelling zone observed after being treated for 2 hand enlarged with the treatment time. Moreover, treating the M. incognita with 100 folds dilution ofZhi'anling for 24 h resulted in 69.6% of inhibition on egg hatch.


Abstract : An important unsolved problem in the theory of communication nets is the enumeration of the properties of a set of edge flows necessary to give a required terminal flow from one vertex to another. For example, there is no simple method for obtaining a set of edge flows to give maximum terminal flow. The relationship of these flows and the conditions necessary to obtain maximum flow are important practical problems in systems in which edge flow is limited; in the telephone system for example. Clearly an improvement would result if it were possible to reduce some edge flows and still maintain the same terminal flow. The method presented stems from the work of Ford and Fulkerson which relates maximum terminal flow to the cut set separating the terminals. A new set of cut sets called a 'set of M-cut sets' is introduced from which it is possible to improve edge flows while maintaining maximum terminal flow.


Background— Rapid activation of a cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) has reduced door-to-balloon times in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), leading to lower mortality. This process is accelerated with prehospital electrocardiography and notification. False activations of the CCL occur at an unknown rate and have been poorly described. Methods and Results— We analyzed 345 consecutive CCL activations for suspected STEMI over 18 months (March 2009–August 2010). We retrospectively reviewed the ECGs that prompted activation, as well as the clinical course and final diagnoses. Among all CCL activations, STEMI was not confirmed in 28%. On review, 301 (87.2%) had appropriate ECG criteria for activation. However, even among the ECG-appropriate patients, only 247 (82%) had a final diagnosis of STEMI. The inclusion of clinical characteristics did not improve the ability to identify patients with STEMI. Activations were modestly more accurate when made by emergency department physicians than by emergency medical service personnel, but door-to-balloon time was noticeably shorter when emergency medical service personnel requested prehospital activation. Conclusions— If all CCL activations are considered, the occurrence of false activations is surprisingly high. Although still the gold standard for diagnosis, these data reveal the inherent limitations of clinical evaluation and the ECG in identifying patients with STEMI. Within our retrospective review, we used a 2-tiered classification for STEMI activations based on ECG appropriateness and final clinical diagnosis to give a complete picture of false activations and assist in quality improvement.


This dataset contains all extracted data from the articles included in the systematic mapping about test case generation using genetic algorithms.


On current season's growth of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus, cv. Montmorency) injury induced by (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) occurred at and below the nodes in tissues adjacent to the 3 leaf traces supplying each leaf. In the secondary xylem close to the cambium, separation and breakdown of cell walls resulted in the formation of gum cavities; injury occurred also in cortical tissues adjacent to the leaf traces. In older portions of the branch more severe injury occurred where large gum cavities formed in the outer secondary xylem and in cortical tissues. Superficial swelling, cell proliferation and surface cracks occurred on the branches near the nodes accompanied by exudations of gum. Injury and cell wall dissolution may be related to cellulase activity stimulated by ethylene released from the break down of ethephon within the tissues.


The flow around a van-type vehicle passing through cross wind is visualized to analyze its cross wind stability. The vehicle is driven at 120 km/h across a 45m long cross wind generator which blows crosswind of 15m/s. Several hundred tufts are attached onto the side panel of the vehicle and their motion is taken by a high-speed video tape recorder. The results show that a strong vortex is generated on the leeward side while passing through crosswind in the case of the original vehicle. This is why a considerable value of the yaw-rate is observed with it. On the other hand, in the case of the vehicle with some aerodynamic attachments, the flow on the leeward side is separated and the suction pressure there is reduced and the yaw-rate value is reduced considerably. It is concluded that the changing of the vortex on the leeward side into the separated flow is effective in improving the crosswind stability.


With our records display, the user will have a driver's daily updated profile that will help determine how good or poorly his work has been.


Our paper briefly presents the competences a translator needs in order to be successful on the market. Besides linguistic competences, a translator should also have transversal competences, such as metalinguistic, technical, administrative, communication and marketing skills.


Metabasites, related to the Triassic Meliata oceanic basin, occur along three tectonic zones in the Western Carpathians: the Folkmár zone, the Rožňava zone (Meliata unit, s.s.) and the Bódva valley Darnó Hill zone. Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of these rocks indicate evidences of a continental rifting volcanism, followed by spreading and formation of oceanic crust of Triassic Meliata-Hallstatt basin. Part of oceanic crust and adjacent continental margin, that underwent blueschist facies metamorphism during Middle Jurassic subduction, was exhumed and occur in the mélange complex of the Meliata unit in the southern part of Gemericum.


As a major RNA methylation modification, $\mathrm{N}^{6}_{-}$ methyladenosine (m6 A) affects the occurrence and development of various human cancers through a variety of mechanisms. It has been reported that m6 A RNA methylation involves different physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, the detection of m6 A is helpful to reveal its biological function. Due to the high cost and time-consuming of high-throughput sequencing and the inaccurate sites identified, computational tools are needed to guide the accurate prediction of m6 A modified sites and help reduce the costs associated with high-throughput sequencing. In this study, an integrated classification algorithm, Pm6 A, is proposed to identify S. cerevisiae m6 A sites using features generated from RNA sequences. In Pm6 A, six sequence encoding schemes (pseudo dinucleotide composition, dinucleotide-based auto covariance, dinucleotide-based cross covariance, dinucleotide-based auto-cross covariance, mismatch and subsequence) are used for feature extraction, the VIBES ensemble algorithm based on four base classifiers, namely nearest neighbor, support vector machine, discriminant analysis and artificial neural network is used for classification, the optimized forward search algorithm is used to find the optimal parameters of model. The results of 10-fold cross-validation show that the proposed approach achieved better specificity (at Dataset 1) and better accuracy (at Dataset 2) than other methods. It is expected that Pm6 A will be a useful tool for predicting m6 A sites.


At LHCb, proton parton distribution functions (PDFs) can be studied in a unique phase space complementary to that accessible by ATLAS and CMS, corresponding to low and high values of Bjorken- x . The measurements of vector boson production in the forward region, with and without an associated jet, are presented. These measurements can be used to constrain the proton PDFs, and in particular, the production of a Z boson in association with a c -jet can be studied to measure the intrinsic charm content of the proton.


care is administered by clinicians, and management is handled by health care executives. Patients are relatively passive consumers of these services. Communication across these communities is scant, knowledge is siloed, and diffusion of evidence of best practices to achieve good outcomes into clinical practice is unacceptably slow. ImproveCareNow, a network of 67 care centers with 540 pediatric gastroenterologists and 19,000 IBD patients, is working to transform the health, care and costs for all children and adolescents with IBD by building a sustainable collaborative chronic care network, enabling patients, families, clinicians and researchers to work together in a learning health care system to accelerate innovation, discovery and the application of new knowledge. Each center registers all of its IBD patients and enters 50 to 75 data elements from each outpatient visit into the ImproveCareNow enhanced registry. Electronic standardized data collection forms, electronic data transfer, and automated population management and pre-visit planning checklist reports provide real-time clinical decision support. Each centers uses its reports to identify gaps in care and implements the model for improvement to redesign its care delivery system for more reliable, pro-active care. Since 2007, the remission rate has increased from 55% to over 75%. With the largest and fastest growing pediatric IBD database in the world, ImproveCareNow is a resource for research, including comparative effectiveness research, post-marketing surveillance and clinical trials, as well as for clinical care and improvement.


This research focused on implementation of digital literacy program in public in Nakuru Sub County, Nakuru County, Kenya. Implementation of the program was slow due to lack of innovation by school heads and teachers and inadequate infrastructure. Independent variables for the study were: school policy on ICT use; school leadership; teachers" competence and infrastructure.Social development theory by Lev Vygotsky (1962) guided the study. A descriptive case study was adopted for the study. Sampling technique used both simple and stratified random sampling. A sample size of 20 was used for the study. Target population consisted of 44 public primary schools". A total of 40 respondents were sampled for the study and consisted of 20 school head teachers and 20 ICT/curriculum teachers. Research instruments used were questionnaires for ICT/curriculum teachers and interview guides for school head teachers. Validitywasensuredthroughjudgmentofexperts,askingquestions,lookingforanswersintheresearchofothers, givingeachsubject anequalopportunitytoscore, using comprehensive research instruments and comparing the conceptual framework and theoretical framework. Reliability was established through test and re-tests method during pilot study. Pearson Correlation analysis was conducted to determine the nature of the relationship between the dependent variable which was implementation of digital literacy and independent variables. The correlation analysis was conducted at 99% confidence level and was two-tailed. All the four independent variables were found to be significant at 1% level of significance. Procurement of ICT infrastructure was cited by school heads to be a responsibility of the Keyan government. However. School heads and teachers also championed the procurement. No school had a school email address for their teachers. 18 schools did not have their own website, 16 schools had no local area network. 14 Teachers used computers to prepare lessons. 10 teachers only used computers in classes sometimes.14 teachers were not provided by laptops for their own use hence preventing teachers from effectively integrating ICT in their teaching. Teachers used their own material from the internet in teaching. They also made use of existing online material from the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development. 18 teachers were highly skilled with word processing program, 14 teachers were confident in using emails, 10 teachers were confident in using Data Base Management Systems. 16 teachers were confident in organizing files/folders in the computers.2 teachers were confident in using spreadsheet program. 12 head teachers cited the inadequacy of infrastructure in their classrooms. Poor network connectivity hindered implementation of digital literacy as schools lacked a local area network. The study sought to establish factors that influence of digital a case of North Sub County, Nakuru County- Kenya. Research focused on the influence of school policy on ICT use, school leadership, teachers" competence and infrastructure in implementation of digital literacy in Nakuru North Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya.From the findings of the study we could deduce that school polices were collaboratively made with teachers and pupils although some schools employed different strategies regarding their intentions of actions. Some schools had written regarding use of ICT while had discussions with the regarding primary teachers, were not in not lack cost study,


Objective To observe the protective effects of sinomenine(SN)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced chondrocytes. Methods Bovine chondrocytes from newborn cattle were prepared and cultured in vitro. The inflammatory responses in chondrocytes were induced by LPS of seven concentrations, and nitricoxide(NO)contents in the nutrient solution were measured. A MTT assay was set for cell proliferation cultured in the nutrient medium with SN of five concentrations. The LPS induced inflammatory responses in chondrocytes were treated with/without SN of high, normal, and low dosage, then the NO and MDA content in the nutrient solution, and the NOS and SOD activity were measured. Results The NO products[(11.0 ±-0.4),(16.7 + 0.5),(21.0±0.7),(26.3 ± 0.6),(42.4 +0.5),(52.4 ±0.9),(72.3 ±0.5)μmol/L]of ehondrocytes with a certain dose dependent(P<0.01 respectively). The MTT assays showed each dosage of SN made no differences to the cell proliferation respectively compared with the control group, P<0.01 respectively]. The NO, MDA, NOS and SOD in the nutrient solution of the ceils induced with LPS had differences significantly compared with the control group(t =-135.0, t =-16. 1,t =150.4, t=32.3; each P<0.01). The NOS level of each LPS group treated with SN of the dosages of was respectively lower compared with the untreated LPS groups(t =-74.7, t =-33.5, t =-43.4, respectively; each P <0.01).Meanwhile, the excess of NO of each treated groups was respectively lower significantly compared with the untreated (t =-11.4, t =-7.1, t =-5. 5, respectively; each P < 0.01), and the SOD level of each treated groups was higher significantly compared with the untreated(t =-105.5, t=-40.3, t =-20.5, respectively; each P < 0. 01), and the release of MDA of each treated group was respectively lower compared with the untreated(t =21.5, t =-10. 7,t =17.7, respectivdy; each P < 0. 01). Conclusion LPS damaged bovine chondrocytes in vitro by increasing the level of NO and oxyradical. SN antagonized the lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide in bovine chondrocytes, heightened the SOD activity of chondrocytes and the clearance of oxyradical, and protected the chondrocytes against LPS induced inflammatory damage.

Key words:
Chondrocyte;  Sinomenine;  Nitric oxide;  Nitric oxide synthetase;  Superoxide dismutase


Based on the large proportioning randomness and concentration instability of traditional emulsion, the effect of emulsion and its operating condition affecting hydraulic equipment were expounded, emulsion automatic proportioning system working principle, function and use of the instruction were introduced, its use effect was discussed and analyzed.


JEL classification: H81, E31, C22, E52 In this article relationship between credits channel of monetary policy and price of real estate was studied by using two vector auto-regression models during 1974-2008. In first model, long term relationship between monetary policy and given loans to real estate section and in second model, long-term and significant relationship between size of loans in real estate section and price of real estate are studies. Based on results of first model existence of long term and significant relationship between monetary policy and given loans to real estate section is confirmed. But estimation of second model shows that there is no relationship between credit channel of monetary policy and price of real estate and effects of monetary policy are not transferred through credit channel to real estate section. © 2014 Int. j. econ. manag. soc. sci. All rights reserved for TI Journals.


We tested a wet extraction method for lipid extraction from Euglena gracilis water slurry at 0.51 MPa and 20 °C using liquefied dimethyl ether (DME). The yields, proximate analyses, elemental composition, and molecular weight distribution properties of the extracts from E. gracilis and the remaining residues obtained by DME extraction were compared with those of the extracts obtained by hexane Soxhlet extraction.


Cryptococcus gattii (Cg) is one of the agents of cryptococcosis, a severe systemic mycosis with a higher prevalence in men than women, but the influence of the female sex hormone, 17‐β‐estradiol (E2), on cryptococcosis remains unclear. Our study shows that female mice presented delayed mortality, increased neutrophil recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and reduced fungal load after 24 hr of infection compared to male and ovariectomised female mice (OVX). E2 replacement restored OVX female survival. Female macrophages have more efficient fungicidal activity, which was increased by E2 and reversed by the antagonist of G‐protein‐coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER), which negatively modulates PI3K activation. Furthermore, E2 induces a reduction in Cg cell diameter, cell charge, and antioxidant peroxidase activity. In conclusion, female mice present improved control of Cg infection, and GPER is important for E2 modulation of the female response.


Signal analysis and processing is the most important part in virtual instrument system.It is also core of signal analysis and processing for online dynamic measurement of the stage pump-rotor.In this paper,the system mode is built to meet the requirement of online dynamic balancing,and actual signal analysis and processing is thus constructed.


Transient fields can be determined efficiently by introducing a fixed spatial approximation in the relevant integral or differential equations, and carrying out a temporal Fourier or Laplace transformation. For stratified media, this leads to a contrast-source integral equation for the spectral constituents, which can be solved recursively. For general configurations, the conjugate-gradient iterative scheme is combined with a special extrapolation procedure.


In this supplementary material, we provide a detailed explanation for GuideFormer and additional analysis for the related experiments that have not been presented in the main paper due to space constraints. This includes a detailed explanation of the dual-branch transformer-based encoder-decoder architecture and qualitative analysis of GuideFormer.


The Yangtze River oxbow is known as the "nine ileum," and Jingjiang is also famous for its oxbow.Through the stage of Shishou,the Yangtze River water is especially deep and swift,the bank there collapses frequently,thus give birth to the first unique landform of Shishou and derivatives a star-studded lake.


A real-time digital image simulation facility is described. The facility is memory centered with a large random access memory combined with a pair of 300 megabyte parallel transfer disk drives. The recording rate for the facility will be from DC to 240 megabits/sec. The facility is designed to accept as input a variety of digitized video signals including those from a high speed laser scanner system. A comparison of computer-centered versus memory-centered image processing systems is made. Input from a laser film scanning system and output to a laser printing system is illustrated.


: As one of the important sources of national tax revenue, real estate enterprises have always been the key points of tax workers. The real estate industry has the characteristics of large project time span, high tax cost and high trial and error cost, which leads to a high tax spot check rate of land value-added tax liquidation for real estate enterprises. Based on this, this paper analyzes the difficulties in the liquidation process of enterprise land placement from the perspective of industry and financial integration, so as to improve the efficiency of third-party enterprise liquidation projects, reduce project risks, and then puts forward optimization suggestions for enterprises.


In this letter, Heidelberger rearticulated criticism of laboratory findings and methods reported by Ecker and his coworkers,
 criticism first advanced in the manuscript of a forthcoming article by Heidelberger and others on the comparison between human
 and guinea pig complement. The letter illustrates Heidelberger's role as arbitrator, critic, and guardian of a uniform
 terminology in the new field of complement chemistry, a field Heidelberger helped launch in the late 1930s and early 1940s.
 He proved that complement was made up of a group of specific chemical substances that could be isolated in the laboratory,
 and that it had essential functions in activating host defense mechanisms against invading microorganisms.


1 Introduction and main resultsARVESON in ref. [1] generalized the classical Hahn-Banach Extension Theorem for linear func-tionals to the self-adjoint linear closed subspace of C~* -algebras. From then on numerous au-thors have given various generalizations of the non-commutative Hahn-Banach-Arveson Theo-rem of ref. [1]. The following extension theorem is due to G. Wittstock.


Increased use of Electro-mechanical actuators (EMA) in high-power, flight-critical applications where hydraulics have traditionally been employed has increased the need for reliability assessment. The Bayesian network (BN) model is a proved powerful tool for the reliability estimation of EMA systems and provides significant advantages over traditional techniques like reliability block diagrams and fault trees in reliability estimation as they are not flexible enough to detect the uncertainties in the dependencies among system, subsystem and components. When Bayesian network model is combined with statistical Bayesian inference there is an advantage of combining information from multiple sources at multiple levels for finding the system reliability. In this work, it is proposed for developing the methodology to estimate the conditional probabilities in a Bayesian Network model of EMA system using Bayesian inference. Various component and system qualification and acceptance data of EMA system is to be collected and combined to estimate the system reliability. Three scenarios will be considered. a) In the first scenario the complete historical data set of states of the system/ subsystem and its components are available, b) failure summary is available, c) incomplete system/component level data. Assessing the posterior distribution of conditional probabilities is difficult to the understanding the structure of an EMA system. Hence computational Bayesian method, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used for quantifying system reliability structure with incomplete data. MATLAB and OpenBugs code will be developed to perform calculations and MCMC simulation. Key words— MCMC, Bayesian networks, OpenBugs, EMA.


Once the importance of the DSN to be used as guidelines for conducting business review Takaful, which contained hearts DSN-MUI Fatwa No.21 / DSN-MUI / X / 2001 Guidelines for General Takaful, the fatwa issued regulations Yang BECAUSE THERE IS can be used as guidelines to review the activities run Takaful. But the DSN-MUI fatwa are NOT have the legal force of the National Legal hearts hearts BECAUSE including legislation in Indonesia.Penelitian Singer-focused normative juridical validity showed to the National Sharia Board Fatwa Council of Ulama Indonesia, WITH approach using legislation and approach conceptual. Validity DSN - MUI can be the apparently hearts some ASPECT; First, DSN - MUI NOT known hearts of Law No. 12 of 2011; Second, DSN - MUI is a prayer One source of national law; Third, sociological Operates keberlakukan DSN - MUI accepted by All elements of the nation and gatra. But the validity of DSN - MUI still has drawbacks.


Glaciers are determined by variations of several climatic parameters and, therefore, good indicators for climate change. In Norway, there is a long history of glacier monitoring, mainly due to their importance for hydro power generation. Therefore, a detailed and accurate data basis is available. Within southern Norway, there is a strong climatological gradient from the coast eastwards to the drier and, therefore, more continental interior. Jotunheimen represents the most continental glacier area of Norway.


It is with great pleasure that we welcome you to the historical city of Rome, Italy and to the Fourth Annual International Workshop on Wireless Mobile Multimedia - WoWMoM '01We believe that this will be the best WoWMoM thus far. We base our assertion on this year's program, which we are very proud of. The program consists of 11 technical papers and presentations, broken up into three sessions. The papers contain research results on a variety of problems being faced by deployers and users of wireless technology world-wide.We are able to put together a strong program because of the excellent response we received to our call for papers. We received a total of 48 papers from some of the top research institutes from around the world. Statistically speaking, we received the largest number of papers inWoWMoM's history, 33% more papers than last year. 65% of the papers were from academia and 35% from industry. 47% of the papers were from the United States and Canada and 53% from Europe and Asia. These numbers reflect the fact that WoWMoM is truly an international event and that the area of wireless mobile multimedia is still growing. WoWMoM's success can be attributed to its International Program Committee (PC) whose members are some of the strongest active researchers in the field of wireless multimedia, and who represent our global community remarkably. This year's Program Committee had to work under severe time constraints but they came through with flying colors. All in all we generated a total of 144 reviews, with each committee member contributing over 17 reviews in less than 4 weeks. The process we employed for selecting the final set of papers was rigorous. Once all the reviews were in, we ranked order the papers using different criterions, (for example, overall recommendation, originality of the ideas, product of these two criterion etc.) and then looked at the resulting lists to identify the better papers. We then went through the reviews of each of the papers, reading reviewer comments while keeping in mind the confidence they had placed on their reviews, and looking at the relevance of the paper to WoWMoM. We marked papers with disparate reviews and asked the PC members to resolve their differences and come up with a unanimous recommendation. We discussed over 75% of the papers and following this came up with our list of recommendations. The PC reviewed these recommendations one more time and subsequently the final program was announced. Owing to the fact that WoWMoM is a one-day workshop and the quality of the papers was paramount to us, we selected less than 25% of the submissions. We feel that the result of all this effort is that we can bring to you a fairly high-quality program, which we hope you will enjoy and benefit from.


Beetles of the family Passalidae, with pantropical distribution, appear partially to contribute in the cycle of the forest nutrients favouring humidity penetration and microrganisms action, in the trunks, by its galleries.Bionomics os Passalus convexus Dalm. and P. latifronsPerch., was studied during a sazonal cycle; identification of attacked trunks, related fauna and decomposition stages, which determinate colonization was observed.


Abstract The enrichment ratio of 10B in the top and bottom component with the dynamic change of feed fluctuation and periodic wave on the separation process of the boron isotopes separation by chemical exchange method had been studied and a dynamic model was set up. The results indicate that when the feed amount is in the column load limit, the dynamic responses of top and bottom separation plate match well with the condition when feed flow rate is invariable. While when the exchange column is overloaded, the feed flow rate variation influences 10B abundance ratio greatly. With the increasing of the fluctuation period, the longer the wave period, the bigger the amplitude around the average line in top product. However, big increase of feed fluctuation will reduce the 10B abundance ratio of bottom product.


We have studied the spin ordering of a dilute classical Heisenberg model with spin concentration $x$, and with ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interaction $J_1$ and antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interaction $J_2$. Magnetic phases at absolute zero temperature $T = 0$ are determined examining the stiffness of the ground state, and those at finite temperatures $T \neq 0$ are determined calculating the Binder parameter $g_L$ and the spin correlation length $\xi_L$. Three ordered phases appear in the $x-T$ phase diagram: (i) the ferromagnetic (FM) phase; (ii) the spin glass (SG) phase; and (iii) the mixed (M) phase of the FM and the SG. Near below the ferromagnetic threshold $x_{\rm F}$, a reentrant SG transition occurs. That is, as the temperature is decreased from a high temperature, the FM phase, the M phase and the SG phase appear successively. The magnetization which grows in the FM phase disappears in the SG phase. The SG phase is suggested to be characterized by ferromagnetic clusters. We conclude, hence, that this model could reproduce experimental phase diagrams of dilute ferromagnets Fe$_x$Au$_{1-x}$ and Eu$_x$Sr$_{1-x}$S.


The airborne pollen grains of Afyon have been studied for a two-year period (1999-2000) with a Durham sampler. A total of 14367 pollen grains belonging to 40 taxa have been identified and recorded with some unidentified ones. Of them, 6732 were identified in 1999 and 7635 in 2000. Of the total pollen gains, 69.67% were arboreal, 26.64% non-arboreal and 3.68% unidentified. The majority of the investigated pollen grains were from Pinus, Gramineae, Cupressaceae, Platanus, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Quercus, Ailanthus, Moraceae, Juglans, Salix, Cedrus and Rosaceae. The highest level of pollen grains was in May.


The interferometric imaging radar altimeter (InIRA) onboard Chinese Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory is a Ku-Band two-channel interferometric radar, which aims to test and validate the mechanism of wide-swath ocean topography measurement through interferometry with short baseline and at small incidence angles, as well as some key technologies, e.g. high-power solid state power amplifier (SSPA), from which accurate sea surface height (SSH) can be retrieved. The Tiangong-2 was launched on Sept. 15, 2016, and currently the InIRA works very well. In this paper, we present some typical observation results over ocean to demonstrate the capability of ocean target detection both directly and indirectly.


Many bacteria explore their immediate environment using flagellar locomotion, and on semi-solid surfaces this type of flagella-driven motility is known as swarming (22).…


Key points • Over 30%, of older people use complementary therapies. • Nurses need to be able to use complementary therapies safely if indicated and provide objective. accurate information about them. • Complementary therapies can be used with conventional medical treatment to improve diabetes balance and quality of life. • Herb-drug and herb-herb interactions and other adverse events can occur when conventional and complementary therapies are combined inappropriately. • Complementary therapy use and the reasons for their use should be ascertained when taking a routine history and assessment.


Abstract : Performance of leakage tests and cyclic exposure tests were requested by WR-ALC/DSP to investigate sources of pressure and moisture problems in Bare Base general purpose shipping and storage containers size 'C' and 'D'. Test results indicated several problem sources were in existence and could contribute to the pressure and moisture difficulties. It was concluded that these containers could provide a watertight environment only when used with extreme care and if no damage had been incurred to the cover structure (specifically to the stacking provision). (Author)


The Reboiling effect is well known. If glass fragments with very different alkali oxide contents are remelted together in a platinum crucible, there can take place a local generation of gas bubbles. Similar effects were observed in a study of the Ba/Pb interdiffusion kinetics between two melts with the same molar composition (MO) 33.3 (B 2 O 3 ) 66.7-s (EO 2 ) s (M=Ba and Pb, resp.; E=Ge, s=0.15 and Si,s=0.10, resp.). The thermodynamic potential of the melts and the electrochemical mobilities of the ions Ba 2+ and Pb 2+ will be discussed in connection with the above described phenomenon. At 700°C the Ba/Pb ion-exchange in the ratio 1/2 shows a dominant viscosity-controlling. The formation of gas bubbles is caused by reactions, influenced by the experimental arrangement and by the melt compositions.


Cryptococcus humicola JCM 1461 efficiently produced cellobiose lipids (CLs), bolaform biosurfactants. The main product was identified as 16-O-(2″,3″,4″,6′-tetra-O-acetyl-β-cellobiosyl)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. The production yield of CLs reached 13.1 g/L under the intermittent feeding of glucose. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of the main product at pH 4.0 and 7.0 were 3.3×10−5 M and 4.1×10−4 M respectively.


South Korea is one of the fastest growing economies of the world and experts claim that it's headed towards the same direction as Japan. This doesn't imply that the countries are similar to an exte ...


Connectivity, power consuming and fault tolerance are three critical issues in sensor networks. In this paper, sensor networks are modeled by the unit disc graph, random point process and Bernoulli nodes. A sensor network is composed of identical nodes randomly located on an unit area disc with uniform distribution. Each node is associated with probability ( ) to be active and with probability to be inactive. is the transmission radius. As goes to infinite and let , then the probability that each node neighbors at least one active node is , the Gumbel extreme-value function, for , and the cardinality of one connected component in the random graph is either or tending to infinite.


Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect in vitro of mucin gene MUC2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(ASODN) on invasion ability on gastric cancer cells SGC7901.Methods:Phosphorothioate MUC2 ASODN were synthesized and transfected to SGC7901 cells mediated by lipofectin.The in vitro invasion ability of SGC7901 was determined with Boyden chamber invasion assay and immunohistochemical method.Results:The test by Boyden chamber invasion assay indicated the mean invasion percentage of SGC7901 was reduced compared with the control cells after MUC2 ASODN transfected.The reswlt of immunohistochemical test indicated that MUC2 ASODN downregulated the expression of cathepsin D protein and matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein.Conclusion:In vitro,MUC2 ASODN treatment could specificly inhibit SGC7901 potential of SGC7901 cells invasion.


In this paper we present an implementation of the multi-perspective context matching neural architecture for question answering on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD). We performed training on a set of 81,400 examples and achieved an F1 score of 47.516 % and EM of 34.249 % on an unseen test set with a compact model of only 173,882 trainable parameters. We used 100 dimensional GloVe word vector embeddings as the input to our model. We describe the model in detail, present our training strategy and results, and discuss hyperparameter selection. An analysis of probability distributions over a few example answers is also presented to further explore the model's behavior. A simple comparator baseline is also implemented and studied.


Various assumptions on a right‐censoring mechanism to ensure consistency of the Kaplan–Meier and Aalen–Johansen estimators in a competing risks setting are studied. Specifically, eight different assumptions are seen to fall in two categories: a weaker identifiability assumption, which is the weakest possible assumption in a precise sense, and a stronger representativity assumption which ensures the existence of an independent censoring time. When a given censoring time is considered, similar assumptions can be made on the censoring time. This allows for a characterization of so‐called pointwise independence as well as full independence of censoring time and event time and type. Examples illustrate how the various assumptions differ.


We give some general concepts and results for totally geodesic foliations &~ on complete Riemannian manifolds. In particular, we reduce the problem to that of a generalization of the theory of principal connections. This enables us to show that the global geometry of ^~ is related to certain sheaves of germs of local Killing vector fields for the Riemannian structure along the leaves. Further, we define a cohomology group H?g, and natural mappings from Ht* into the de Rham cohomologies of the leaves, such that the characteristic classes in Ht*g are mapped to the characteristic classes of the leaves. Introduction. A foliation _ 7 on a Riemannian manifold M, is said to be totally geodesic if each geodesic of M is everywhere or nowhere tangent to ^ 7 The different aspects of such foliations have been examined by many authors; for different approaches and more references, see for instance [14], [10], [1] and [4]. In particular, the codimension one case has been classified [12], and there is a homological classification of the dimension one case [28]. The purpose of this paper is to apply, to totally geodesic foliations of arbitrary dimension, the techniques developed in the theory of Riemannian foliations, and in particular, the works of Molino [16] [21]. Recall that a foliation ^ on a manifold M is Riemannian if there exists a Riemannian metric on M such that ^ can be defined by local Riemannian surmersions [23]. Equivalently, ^~ is Riemannian if M possesses a Riemannian metric whose geodesies are everywhere or nowhere perpendicular to ^ Ί Riemannian foliations have been extensively studied, and in particular, there is a strong structure theorem [20]. Given the evident analogy between totally geodesic and Riemannian foliations, it is not surprising that there are many concepts and results from the Riemannian case that find similar expression in the totally geodesic situation. Indeed, by pursuing this approach one obtains a good geometric description and a useful cohomology group. A first application of this work to the dimension ^ 3 cases is given in [7]. In collaboration with E. Ghys, we have given a detailed account of totally geodesic foliations on 4-manifolds [9].


Considering the great changes in the properties of materials due to electron-beam irradiation (EBI), we present the effect of EBI on the gas-sensing properties of Pd-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used for the characterization of the synthesized products. The samples were irradiated by electron beams at doses of 100 and 500 kGy and the NO2 gas-sensing properties were investigated. It was found that irradiation by electron beams has a critical effect on the gas-sensing properties of the irradiated samples, with samples irradiated at a dose of 500 kGy showing a higher response relative to that of the 100 kGy irradiated samples. The increased number of high-energy defects was the main cause of the increase in the gas response. Moreover, due to creation of high-energy defects, the response times of sensors irradiated with 500 kGy were decreased by 69.4%. The results of this study can eventually lead to increased performance levels of RGO-based sensors which use EBI, as this technology can introduce changes in materials in a non-contact, clean and powerful manner.


We should adopt different measures toward different students with the scientific attitude and methods according to the age characters of the male physique development and the characters of the athletic system in the physique training which is offered to satisfy the needs of physique beauty.We should systematically carry on practices of the physical strength and the flexibility in the light of the anatomical form and structure basis in different muscles.We should let the students master the simple methods of muscular practice and obtain benefits in all their life.


Summary This is the first reported use of root plates by Anthophora abrupta Say (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Previous reported nesting sites were vertical riverbanks and several man-made clay structures. Root plates in forested habitats may be the preferred nesting site for A. abrupta.


The essential oil from Elettariopsis smithiae was prepared from fresh leaves, rhizomes and roots and the chemical components were determined by GC-MS. The main component of the root and rhizome was cis-p-ocimene. More than 20 compounds were detected from the leaves and the major components were found to be farnesal (28.62%) and cis, trans-farnesal (20.63%).


Composite material membranes as fibers were produced by using electrospinning technology and these membranes characterized and evaluated their properties and performance in this research. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes impregnated in a polystyrene matrix to produce the composite membranes. The hydrophobicity of the membrane was improved by the composite concept with multi-walled carbon nanotubes because of the migration of MWCNTs into fiber structure with membranes. Field emission scanning electron microscopy used to study the morphologies of the membranes and illustrated the average diameters of produced fibers which found about 1.68-3.2 µm and average pore size which found about 3.6 – 4.7 µm for composite membranes and showed an increasing in fibers diameter and pore size with increasing of the MWCNTs amount while the membranes porosity still high percentage about 98%. Also the polystyrene with MWCNTs showed the ability of membranes to decrease the sulfur content from 2.8% for crude oil and reach to about 1.6 % with polystyrene/2% MWCNTs.


Banners to the Breeze: The Kentucky Campaign, Corinth, and Stones River. By Earl J. Hess. (The University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 2000. pp. 252. $32.00) Civil War military operations between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains were perhaps the most decisive campaigns of the conflict. Illinois and other loyal western states contributed vast numbers of men to the struggle to prevent Confederate domination of this vital region. Earl J. Hess's book Banners to the Breeze examines an important phase of the war in the West during the late summer of 1862. Hess's work provides a well-rounded narrative of the origins, personalities, and course of the 1862 western campaigns encompassing the battles of Perryville, Kentucky, Corinth, Mississippi, and Stones River, Tennessee. The book is one of the University of Nebraska Press's planned sixteen volume series Great Campaigns of the Civil War and is an excellent addition to Civil War scholarship. The main premise of Hess's book is that military operations were the fundamental determining factor for the outcome of the war. This was especially true between July 1862 and January 1863 when joint Confederate offensives East and West held the possibility of reversing the string of defeats that had pushed Southern armies out of Kentucky, much of Tennessee, and the Mississippi rail center of Corinth. If the Confederacy could have mounted successful invasions of northern territory, then the glittering possibility of foreign recognition might have been achieved. One of the ways Hess's work succeeds is by his use of excellent topographical and geographical descriptions of each campaign. His explanations of the lay of the land of the western theater and of the battlefields helps one understand the generals' tactical intentions, problems of mobility, as well as concomitant logistical difficulties. Hess also makes shrewd judgments of the leadership, describing the entire Confederate command structure in the West as "schizophrenic," and he goes on to aptly sum up the generalship of Earl Van Dom and Sterling Price as "artless bumbling." Hess amply credits Confederate General Braxton Bragg for skillfully initiating the autumn invasion of Kentucky and for his excellent disciplinarian and administrative qualities, but contrasts these with his indecisiveness and consistently inept battlefield performances. Union generals Don Carlos Buell and William S. Rosecrans also come in for their share of criticism for command failures and inability to grasp shifts in Washington political realities which radicalized the war's prosecution. Banners to the Breeze provides readers with a concise campaign narrative blended with the concerns and judgments of commanders as well as common soldiers, including the imprint their actions and morale left on their respective homefronts. …


Abstract
 This paper examines the long-run relationship between nominal interest rates and inflation for a group of Asian countries over the period February 1973–April 2007. We argue that the empirical failure to find evidence supporting the Fisher effect in previous studies may be attributed to the presence of non-linearities in the long-run relationship between nominal interest rates and inflation. We present evidence that the Fisher relation contains significant logistic smooth transition autoregression (LSTAR)-type non-linearity. This type of non-linearity is consistent with inflation targeting and the opportunistic behavior of policy-makers. Applying a non-linear unit root test to the residuals obtained from the Fisher relation decisively rejects the null hypothesis of a unit root against the alternative of non-linear but globally stationary in all the cases.


The article is devoted to solving an urgent scientific problem – the interculturalism of actor training in contemporary theatre art. The actor training is considered in the socio-cultural context in which it was developed and introduced into the actor's training process as an element of traditional cultures and philosophies of the West and the East. The article highlights the peculiarities of the artistic justification and phenomenology of actor training as a phenomenon that is an integral part of the modern theatre school. The problem of international interaction, internationalisation and interculturalisation in the contemporary theatre art context is considered. The main ways and prospects of integrating the world's leading techniques and methods into the Ukrainian system of actor education are identified. The methodology for studying the interculturalism of actor training involves the use of interdisciplinary, artistic, cultural, and intercultural approaches; conceptual and cognitive, as well as systemic types of analysis. The purpose of the study is to link this process to a broader theoretical structure and reorient the traditional consideration of actor training from an abstract form to the practical component of actor education. Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis of modern intercultural methods of actor training, it is proved that, despite the differences in the basic concepts and teaching methodology, all modern intercultural actor training covers the human body and the human voice. Conclusions. Thus, acting training is an intercultural phenomenon by its very nature, as it integrates several or a large number of different elements belonging not only to different fields of human activity (physics, psychology, anatomy, theology, philosophy, anthropology, etc.,) but also to different cultures – the basic postulates and worldviews of Western and Eastern bodily and mental practices are organically combined with each other and synthesised with traditional actor training techniques from different countries following the philosophical and aesthetic understanding of the purpose of acting in particular and theatre art in general.


About 8000 years ago, in the highlands of modern-day Peru and Bolivia, the Incas started to domesticate potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Millenia later, in the 16th century, Spanish explorers collected potato plants and introduced them into Europe. The consequences were massive. Until the introduction of the potato, Europe was regularly struck by famines. The new staple crop, high in calories, facilitated the population explosion and subsequent urbanization. However, the success of the potato cannot be taken for granted. In the Andes, they evolved short-day-dependent tuber formation. In the northern latitudes of Europe, summer days are long. Therefore, the first potato plants in Europe likely produced tubers only at the onset of autumn, leaving a short growing season with low yields as a result. Tuber development in potato is controlled by a signaling pathway that has striking similarities to the pathway that controls photoperiodic flowering. Central players in tuberization are SELF-PRUNING 6A (StSP6A), a homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T, and homologs of CONSTANS (CO) (reviewed by Abelenda et al., 2014). Under inductive conditions, StSP6 expression is activated in the leaves, and the protein is transported to the stolons where it initiates tuber formation. Under non-inductive conditions, COs repress StSP6A transcription through binding to its promoter region. The StSP6A–StCO module is in turn under the control of a CYCLING DOF FACTOR, StCDF1. StCDF1 is controlled by day length and the circadian clock. Under shortday conditions, the protein represses StCO expression, allowing transcription of StSP6A and tuber formation. Under long-day conditions, a complex consisting of the clock protein GIGANTEA (GI) and the blue light-absorbing protein FLAVIN-BINDING KELCH REPEAT F-BOX PROTEIN 1 (FKF1) binds to StCDF1 and targets it for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Subsequently, StCO expression is activated, StSP6A expression is repressed, and tuber formation is inhibited. Several years ago, researchers found naturally occurring alleles of StCDF1 that explain how potato plants might have adapted to northern latitudes (Kloosterman et al., 2013). Due to insertions in the 30 end of the coding region, these alleles produce proteins that lack the FKF1-binding domain. Despite the C-terminal truncation, the proteins are functional. However, due to the lack of the FKF1-binding site, they escape light-dependent degradation, and tuber formation is no longer repressed under long days in plants carrying these alleles. Despite the importance of StCDF1 alleles for potato cultivation in the northern latitudes of Europe, North America, and Asia, the molecular mechanisms by which StCDF1 regulates tuberization are not fully understood. In this issue, Lorena Ram ırez Gonzales and colleagues tried to better understand StCDF1 functioning, and found that besides tuberization, StCDF1 also regulates drought tolerance (Ram ırez Gonzales et al., 2021). The authors discovered this when they constructed transgenic potato plants in which they silenced StCDF1 by RNA interference (RNAi). As expected, the RNAi plants showed delayed tuberization and produced fewer tubers. However, when they subjected the plants to drought stress, the RNAi plants turned out to be much more resistant than wild-type plants. To investigate the role of different StCDF1 alleles in resisting drought stress, the authors tested different combinations of the wild-type allele StCDF1.1 and the truncated alleles StCDF1.2 and StCDF1.3 in diploid potato plants. Plants carrying one or two StCDF1.3 allele(s) were less drought-tolerant than plants carrying StCDF1.1 and/or StCDF1.2 alleles. The difference between StCDF1.2 and StCDF1.3 plants was surprising because both alleles are known to produce a highly similar truncated protein. Hence, it was unlikely that the difference could be explained by differential protein function. Recently, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) was identified for Arabidopsis CDF5 (Henriques et al., 2017). The CDF5 transcript and the lncRNA regulate each other by reciprocal inhibition and form a regulatory module that controls circadian-regulated photoperiodic flowering. The authors wondered if a similar lncRNA exists for StCDF1 as well. By analyzing strandspecific RNAseq data and performing strand-specific cDNA synthesis, they showed that the StCDF1 locus indeed encodes a lncRNA on the antisense strand of StCDF1. The researchers realized that the lncRNA, which they designated as StFLORE, could explain the difference in drought


Backlund, F. A., and Bergstrom, S.-S. Subjective scaling based on threshold measurements. Scand. J. Psychol., 1961, 2, 88–92. A method of establishing subjective scales by means of absolute threshold measurements is reported. The method is successfully applied to data from the perception of motion and time.


Collecting species‐level information on plant functional traits is highly relevant for understanding ecosystem functioning under global change. Measuring optical properties of plant species is a promising approach to retrieve such data, but standardized protocols are essential. Due to fine‐scale heterogeneity of many vegetation types, measuring the spectral response, as a proxy for functional traits, of individual plant species remains challenging using conventional approaches. Here we present a novel method for measuring the reflectance of individual species in situ. The procedure consists of measuring monospecific arrangements of plant individuals on a black, light absorbing table, preserving structural plant properties while avoiding the admixture of other species, soil or non‐photosynthetically active vegetation. To evaluate the feasibility of the approach, a case study was conducted on forbs, where we collected and compared the reflectance of 16 herbaceous species at different phenological stages, both using common field spectroscopy and by following our novel procedure. Our procedure accurately represented spectral and functional differences between species. Spectral shape, and to a lesser extent, amplitude differences between species were preserved (SAM: Mantel r = 0.69 and p = 0.001; Manhattan distance: Mantel r = 0.42 and p = 0.002). Moreover, the method was able to capture the pattern of functional traits present among the sampled species (Procrustes r = 0.81 and p = 0.001). The new method is promising for building databases of plant traits based on spectral libraries. It might, moreover, form a standardized procedure for field campaigns, especially in the context of mixed grasslands and forb systems where relatively small plants dominate the ecosystem.


I understand that it is the wish of The New York Acadeniv of Medicine to have presented in this lecture a survey of our knowledge of allergy as related to the general practice of medicine. Since this is my understanding of the object of the lecture, I shall confine my discussion to the practical points in allergy which can prove interesting to the general practitioner and shall avoid a discussion of theoretical points which are interesting to specialists, but whlich cannot at the present time be applied practically. I can assure you there remains an abundance of material which is both interesting and useful.


. We reported that trans epoxides could beobtained with high yields (87%-92%) and enantiomericexcesses (86-96%) in a one-pot synthesis employing mildreaction conditions and a stoichiometric amount of sulfide(Scheme 1).In addition, the feasibility of a catalytic process wasdemonstrated. The use of 0.1 equiv of sulfide


The invention discloses a method for testing a workability rheological parameter range of concrete. The method comprises the following steps of: changing the mix proportion design of the concrete to change the yield stress and the viscosity coefficient of the concrete by virtue of a concrete rheometer; testing workability of each concrete sample and performing quantitative analysis on liquidity, water-retaining property and viscosity of each concrete sample; and determining the workability rheological parameter range of the concrete. The method provides a rheological basis for the workability determination and the mix proportion design of the concrete; and moreover, concrete rheological parameters are directly measured in the concrete workability test and are compared with the concrete workability rheological parameter range, so that the good or poor workability can be directly, conveniently, accurately and comprehensively determined.


This paper explores the efiect of opening up to trade on the outcome of a reform, an outcome that is expressed by a coe‐cient that re∞ects the domestic business environment{namely the rule-of-law coe‐cient. A two-stage game is assumed where (i) in the flrst stage, the elite ofier political contributions contingent on the government's choice of the rule-of-law coe‐cient, and subsequently, the government takes into consideration the elite's contributions when choosing the rule-of-law coe‐cient since, although it cares about consumers' well-being, it is flnanced, at least partly, by the elite's money; and (ii) in the second stage, the country opens up to trade with a foreign country characterized by the perfect rule-of-law coe‐cient, the owners of the flrms decide if to enter the industry, and proflts are realized. To this end, heterogeneity at the flrm level is assumed: some flrms, but not all, gain from ∞awed legal institutions. The second-stage analysis relies heavily on Dixit and Stiglitz's (1977) model of monopolistic competition and


The article is about the research portfolio of South Korea. It also touches on South Korea's competitive edge over other Asia countries. It includes a table on the South Korean Bioindustry Sectors.


Objective:To investigate the methods of case-mix by clinical pathway:Methods:K-MEANS cluster analysis is applied to case-mix classification and artificial neural network is used for case-mix prediction.Results:523 inpatient records construct a case-mix classification scheme of 4 groups.Statistical significant difference of costs exists in 4 groups.The training error of artificial neural network is low(0.0029)and the predicting result is accurate(98.91%).Conclusion:The case-mix result is more reasonable using records under clinical pathway.The exsiting models of case-mix depend on dividing individual variables,but artificial neural network doesn't depend.


In light of an practical example of fin stabilizer precision-installation in Wuhu Xinlian Shipbuilding Co.Ltd.,a new technology of precision-installation of fin stabilizer was proposed by using electronic total station in running the center line of stabilizer.The method to determine the main data was given as well as the operating process and the matters need attention.


Visual and quantitative information was obtained on heat transfer and flow in a branched-duct test section that had several significant features of an internal cooling passage of a turbine blade. The objective of this study was to generate a set of experimental data that could be used to validate computer codes for internal cooling systems. Surface heat transfer coefficients and entrance flow conditions were measured at entrance Reynolds numbers of 45,000, 335,000, and 726,000. The heat transfer data were obtained using an Inconel heater sheet attached to the surface and coated with liquid crystals. Visual and quantitative flow field results using particle image velocimetry were also obtained for a plane at mid channel height for a Reynolds number of 45,000. The flow was seeded with polystyrene particles and illuminated by a laser light sheet. Computational results were determined for the same configurations and at matching Reynolds numbers; these surface heat transfer coefficients and flow velocities were computed with a commercially available code. The experimental and computational results were compared. Although some general trends did agree, there were inconsistencies in the temperature patterns as well as in the numerical results. These inconsistencies strongly suggest the need for further computational studies on complicated geometries such as the one studied.


A summary is presented of a lecture given at the Japan Atomic Energy Research lnstitute in August 1961 about the applications of the fission energy in radiation chemistry. Results of the author's experiments, carried out during the last 10 years at the Brookhaven National Laboratory's reactors are presented, including studies on the decomposition of CO/sub 2/ and the fixation of nitrogen. Chemical reactions induced by fission energy in low and high pressure systems of CO/sub 2/, CO/sub 2/ + N/sub 2/, and N/sub 2/ + O/sub 2/ and the effe cts of additional reactants are discussed in detail. (TTT)


Our earlier experience at St. Mary's Hospital with diverticulitis of the large bowel has been reported in former articles. 1 The clinical similarity of diverticulitis and carcinoma has been emphasized. The condition has been placed clearly on a definite pathologic basis, and the possibility of the development of carcinoma on diverticulitis has been demonstrated. A more detailed analysis of the symptoms and the physical findings in a group of personally observed cases has not, however, been made, and it is with the idea of determining whether or not a more or less definite clinical picture presents itself that this review is undertaken. From Jan. 1, 1902, to Jan. 1, 1912, twenty-seven operations for diverticulitis of the large bowel were performed at St. Mary's Hospital, Mayo Clinic, and the cases were studied clinically and pathologically. This number includes only those cases in which the operation was done primarily for this condition.


The authors draw comparisons between the electric conductivity and catalytic effects of several iron carboxylates used in the heterogeneous catalysis of hydrocarbons. Their method of measurement, employing microwave radiation at superhigh frequencies in order to record dielectric losses, enabled them to determine the local conductivity in heterogeneous samples in which regions of higher and lower conductivity could be insulated from one another. They found a monotonic increase in conductivity in going from a mononuclear to a trinuclear complex and then to a tetranuclear complex and concluded that this is due to an increase in the dimensions of the delocalization region of the electron density which, on one hand, increases the volumetric fraction of the electrically conducting phase in the sample and, on the other, decreases the distances between electron energy levels in the potential hole, facilitating displacement of the electron density under the applied electrical field.


The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that the book of Jonah may be read as a story of a deity sacrificing its prophet in order to save evildoers from destruction and of the prophet that refuses to be sacrificed and tries to preserve his dignity. Interpreted in this way, the book proves to deal primarily with the question of the salvation of the wicked at the expense of the righteous, which was probably of major importance, both ideological and political, for the post-exilic Judaean community. Analysis of the book's composition indicates that the author wanted his/her intended audience to sympathize with Jonah, not with God; it means that the negative attitude to the prophet prevailing in the modern scholarly community and in communities of faith stems for the most part from uncritically assimilated stereotypes, not from unbiased interaction with the text.


OBJECTIVE PTD-SOD is the fusion protein of PTD and SOD.Previous reports showed that it had the ability to tranverse the cell membranes and had higher bioavailability than SOD.However,the expression up to now is still in E.coli in the form of inclusion bodies without any enzyme activity.Therefore,the coding sequence of was inserted PTD-SOD into yeast expression vector pPICZα containing AOXI promoter and α-factor signal peptide sequence,and then the recombinant vector was transformed into.P.pastoris.It was found that the fusion protein was successfully expressed in the form of secretion protein by P.pastoris inducted with methanol induction the expression level increased with prolongation of induction time.After 8 days of methanol induction,the expressed PTD-SOD reached the peak of 301,48U·mL-1.As PTD-SOD expressed in Pichia system is a kind of secretion protein,it brings great convenience for the downstream technology of recombinant protein.Therefore,this paper provided basis theoretic research and industrial production of PTD-SOD.


Hegel and Eliot have been chosen for this study not because of their differences but because of similarities in their thought. Although most of Hegel's works are obscure and pedantic, it is possible to show that his early thinking reflects a deep awareness of many of the implications of the new age. A growing number of philosophers and theologians today are apparently "rediscovering" Hegel as one who caught a vision of the transition in man's history and whose insights are valuable today.


China Russian trade relations have a long history. China and Russia share a long common border, and the trade volume between China and Russia plays an important role in the trade volume of their respective neighboring countries. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the China Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation has been deepening, and the bilateral relations have gradually entered the best period in history, which provides a political guarantee for the all-round and multi field cooperation between China and Russia and has become an important driving force for bilateral cooperation. The healthy development of China Russia economic cooperation has also laid a solid foundation for the continuous development of the strategic cooperative partnership between the two countries. This paper using the method of historical research, the author analyzes the history of Sino Russian cooperation, and focuses on the cooperation in international relations from the perspective of economic and trade cooperation. Through the analysis of China Russia trade history and relations, find ites contributed to the development of the world economy.


The otherworldly mediators that are found in Jewish apocalypses act as supporting characters within the narratives, guiding human seers on tours of heaven, interpreting visions, and answering the questions of bewildered visionaries. The figures of Uriel in 4Ezra and Ramiel in 2Baruch are no exceptions. However, a brief perusal of these two apocalypses reveals that Uriel and Ramiel function in a manner different from otherworldly mediators found in ascent apocalypses such as the Book of Watchers , 2Enoch , and the Apocalypse of Abraham . This chapter focuses on depiction of the otherworldly mediators Uriel and Ramiel rather than on 4Ezra and 2Baruch 's "angelologies", or their overall depiction of angels. It examines the otherworldly mediators in two ascent apocalypses, the Book of Watchers and Apocalypse of Abraham . It then discusses Uriel in 4Ezra and Ramiel in 2Baruch . The chapter compares the 4Ezra and 2Baruch 's angelic mediators with those in Daniel, Ezekiel, and Zechariah. Keywords: 2Baruch ; 4Ezra ; angelic mediators; Apocalypse of Abraham ; Book of Watchers ; Daniel; Ezekiel; Jewish apocalypses; Zechariah


1-Hydroxy- and 1-acetoxy-naphthalene with a 13C label at the α-position have been synthesized; the 13C–13C spin coupling constanta have been measured by Fourier transform n.m.r. spectroscopy and interpreted in terms of INDO and Huckel calculations.


Flavonoids are not essential nutrients in that their absence from the diet does not produce deficiency conditions in animals and man. However, many have important similarities to pharmacological agents used in the treatment of disease. Their role as dietary components in disease prevention is less clear. Many potentially anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic effects observed in cell cultures will not be of nutritional relevance unless flavonoids gain access to appropriate cellular sites. The bioavailability of flavonoids will depend on numerous factors including molecular structure, the amount consumed, the food matrix, degree of bioconversion in the gut and tissues, the nutrient status of the host and genetic factors. Moreover, extensive and rapid intestinal and hepatic metabolism of flavonoids suggests that the body may treat them as xenobiotic and potentially toxic compounds requiring rapid elimination. Consequently, in addition to potential health benefits, possible adverse effects of flavonoids in the diet also need to be considered when assessing their roles in the prevention of degenerative diseases.


The aim. To assess the effect of glucose-electrolyte composition with plant extracts having antioxidant activity on the hemodynamic parameters of vertebrobasilar system during the incrementally increasing submaximal exercise test.Materials and methods. The study included 12 athletes (6 candidates for master of sports and 6 masters of sports) aged 18–22, who have been engaged in orienteering for 10 years and more. Time of aerobic exercise – 2 hours a day, five days a week. The study subjects performed an incrementally increasing submaximal exercise test and also submaximal exercise test with the preventive intake of a glucose-electrolyte composition with plant extracts having antioxidant properties. To assess the hemodynamic parameters in all study subjects we used Doppler ultrasound of the cerebral vessels, evaluating vertebrobasilar system blood flow, exercise gas test in the modification of hypo- and hyperventilation, and also positional test.Results. A single intake of glucose-electrolyte drink under conditions of incrementally increasing exercise test contributed to the manifestation of a homeostatic effect in hemodynamic parameters of the vertebrobasilar arteries. It is evidenced by the approximation to the pre-exercise level of maximum systolic velocity and average blood velocity in the breath-holding test, of the diastolic blood velocity in the hyperventilation test, and of the pulsatility index in the torsion test, as compared to the isolated submaximal exercise test which caused the change in both velocity indicators and calculated indices during the functional tests.The article considers the main mechanisms underlying the change in arterial hemodynamic parameters caused by incrementally increasing load, as well as describes the proposed mechanisms arising from the combined effect of an incrementally increasing load and the intake of a glucose-electrolyte composition with plant extracts having antioxidant activity.Conclusion. It was shown that using glucose-electrolyte drink contributed to the restoration of hemodynamic parameters of the vertebrobasilar arteries after an incrementally increasing submaximal exercise test.


This chapter details the inner workings of the Modernist Archives Publishing Project. The accounts of three research assistants reveal the complexities of book production and networks of modernism, and suggest the great impact of this academic resource.


interesting attempts in the Soviet Union to develop further the study of people's democracies (e.g., On People's Democracy in the Countries of Europe, published in 1956, and The Foundations of Marxist-Leninism in 1959). While the notion of a people's democracy was still being dissected and debated, a new theoretical rocket was fired in Moscow in the form of "national democracy." The event took place at the meeting of representatives of the eighty-one communist parties, meeting in NovemberDecember 1960, and was hailed as the new Communist manifesto. The concept was incorporated a year later into the new programme of the cpsu,adopted by the xxu Congress. The new form was theoretically formulated by Soviet writers, including B. N. Ponomarev, G. Gafurov, A. Arzumanjan, M. G. Kiricenko, and others. Mr. Kase explains the difference between these two conceptions, but makes it very clear that there exists a close proximity between them. What creates the bond? The answer should not be sought in legal or theoretical considerations, but in the dictates of communist strategy and tactics. The twisting of Marxist theory of the state can be understood only when examined against the background of Soviet politics.


The aim of this research was to investigate the differences in severity of symptoms of autism in children with diagnosed autism spectrum disorder and level of percieved parental stress in families with and without a service dog. The participants were 53 parents of children with disgnosed autism spectrum disorder, 17 of which had a service dog for child with autism in their family, and 36 did not have a service dog. Instruments used in this research were Autism Quotient and Parental stress scale (Berry & Jones, 1995). Autism Quotient was used in versions for children (Baron-Cohen et al, 2006) and adolescents (Auyeung et al, 2008). A statisticaly signifficant difference was found between the children with ASD, when the owning of a service dog was considered. In other words, children with ASD who own a service dog exhibited less symptoms of ASD than children who do not own a service dog. Also, statisticaly signifficant difference was found in subscales Communication and Attention to detail, meaning that children with the diagnosis of autism who owned a service dog had better communication and paid less attention to detail than children with ASD without a service dog. However, there was no statisticaly signifficant difference on subscales Social skills, Attention switching and Imagination, nor in perceived parental stress in families with and without a service dog. No significant correlation between symptoms of autism in children with diagnosed autism spectrum disorder and level of percieved parental stress was found. The results indicate the benefits of having a service dog in families with children with autism spectrum disorder.


This Research Roundtable has taken you through the research report from describing a problem and defending it as a significant or important problem, to stating the purpose of the study and formulating a research question, designing research to answer the research question and selecting methods appropriate to answer the research question (sampling methods, data collection methods, data analysis methods), and presenting and interpreting findings.


Bausch + Lomb (B + L) is more than one of the oldest eye care companies in the industry. It is also one of the broadest, with portfolios in contact lenses, consumer eye products, cataract surgery, intraocular lenses, retina surgery, and a wide range of ophthalmic pharmaceutical products.


Worldwide, an increasing number of cancer patients have some of their ovarian tissue cryopreserved for fertility preservation purposes prior to treatment of a malignant disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize the results from ovarian tissue transplantation and the different techniques that can be applied when autotransplanting the tissue. To date, a total of 18 babies have been born as a result of cryopreserved/thawed autotransplanted ovarian cortical tissue and an even larger number of premenopausal women have regained their ovarian function and menstrual cyclicity as a result of autotrans- plantation. Orthotopic or heterotopic sites can be chosen for the cortical grafts, but so far all babies born have been from orthotopical graft sites. Follow- up studies after transplantation have shown encouraging results regarding the longevity of the grafts with up to 8 years of graft viability. Reassuringly, no cases of introduction of the original disease have so far been reported in cancer survivors grafted with frozen/thawed ovarian tissue. J Reproduktions- med Endokrinol 2013; 10 (Special Issue 1): 55-8.


Long term-storage of citrus oranges after harvest has been hindered mainly by molds The goal of this research was to collect and identify those molds, which would help find a way to extend shelf-life after harvest. During the period of 1994 to 1995, fourteen different strains were isolated and purified from putrefied fruit (Citrus unshiu var.) that was stored at room temperature under open air. The storage disease was caused by the following molds: Penicillium italicum, 25.8%, Monilia candida, 19.8%; Alternaria citri, 18.1%; Mucor hiemalis, 11.0%; Phomopsis citri, 6.6%; Botrytis cinerea. 5.5%; Phoma citricarpa, 3.8%; Glomerella cingulata, 3.8%; P. digitatum, 1.1%; other molds, 4.5%; Most of the strains showed pectinolytic activity and putrefaction. These citrus fruit-putrefying molds will be used as target strains for the control of microorganisms during post-harvest storage.


Orange headed leafhopper (OHLH), Thaia subrufa is a common pest in hill zone of Karnataka. Simultaneous occurrence of predators viz., several species of spiders C. lividipennis, Ophionea nigrofasciata, Paederus fuscipes in large numbers were also observed in fields. Nymphal population of OHLH had negative correlation (− 0.243) with spiders and positive correlation with other three predators. The adult population of OHLH had positive correlation with all the four predators.


of clinical features and investigations Patient 1, a male was the second child of nonconsanguineous healthy parents. There was no family history of note and the pregnancy was uneventful. Delivery was normal at term and birth weight was 3860 g (50th centile) and length 49 cm (25th centile). At that time there were no discernible dysmorphic features, pigmentary abnormalities of the skin nor organomegaly. His development was delayed. He sat at 12 months and walked at 36 months. He has no clear words. On examination at the age of 4 years his height was 102 cm (50th centile), weight 14.8 kg (25th centile) and occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) 49 cm (3rd centile). He had a long face and telecanthus (Fig. 1). He had hypotonia and a broad based gait, walking with support. Muscle strength was normal and there were no pyramidal signs nor intention tremor but deep tendon reflexes were decreased and he had slow eye movements and impairment on the finger–nose test and rapid alternating movements. Assessment by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale revealed problems with memory, attention and visuo-spatial tasks. On opthalmological examination he had iris heterochromia but normal fundi. Hearing was normal on formal evaluation. A cranial MRI showed a hypoplastic cerebellar vermis and hemispheres (Fig. 2a–d) Routine karyotype was normal as was DNA analysis for fragile X syndrome. Serum ferritin (immunofluorimetric method) was 71.5mg/l (normal values for children from 6 months to 15 years: 10–150m/l). Serum transferrin was 265 mg/dl (normal values 202–336 mg/dl). Liver function tests were also normal.


The paper has the concept introduction of the BIM three-dimension model and Revit architectural software in the architectural industry,compares and analyzes the current two-dimension and three-dimension software,points out some factual issues,and indicates the application perspective of BIM three-dimension model.


The tradition of reading the Nariyah prayer individually and in congregation has taken root in the midst of the community especially in Situbondo district, in every corner of the city and remote villages even though every day is not empty from reciting the 4444 shalawat nariyah individually and in congregation, so that Situbondo district is the term "BUMI SHALAWAT NARIYAH". At first Jam'iyah this prayer was commanded by KH Ahmad Sufyan Miftahul Arifin (Situbondo) and KH Muhammed bin Imam Gunungsari (Madura) then continued by his students both namely KHR Moh Kholil As'ad Syamsul Arifin he was the son of KH As' ad the mediator in the formation of Jam'iyah Nahdhatul Ulama (NU) as well as the Indonesian National hero. And today the recitation of the Nariyah prayer has spread widely in various regions, in East Java, Bali, Kalimantan, DKI Jakarta, DIY Yogyakarta to foreign countries such as Malaysia and Singapore all thanks to the help of Allah SWT with the hope that Allah will flow to us all drop by drop from the ocean of God's grace which was bestowed upon the Prophet Muhammad.


Author's attendance of various scientific international conferences and seminars as invited speaker: at NATO Advance Study Institute in Albena (Bulgaria), Fusion 2005 International Conference in Philadelphia (USA), Marcus Evans European Conference on Sensors' Fusion in Barcelona (Spain), and tourist visiting and documenting about Aztec and Maya pyramids near Ciudad de Mexico and Yucatan Peninsula.


We have fabricated a generation and detection system of photomixing signals using a photomixing technique and a Josephson junction detector. Up to now, an electromagnetic wave generated by a heterodyne mixing of two lasers was emitted from an antenna, and irradiated to a Josephson junction. In this study, we have developed the system, and the photomixing signal was introduced into a coaxial cable and a coplanar wave guide coupled to a Josephson junction. This structure is more suitable for device application since it can easily be integrated into electronic devices. With this system we can clearly observed photomixing signals from 16 GHz to 95 GHz using a uni-traveling-carrier photodiode as a photomixer as well as signals in the range of 14 GHz to 50 GHz using an InGaAs PIN photodiode.


In XML information retrieval,queries on XML search engines usually return far more results than the user expects and in which there lay lots of irrelevant results.As to a document-centric XML collection,the goal of XML snippet retrieval is to generate a snippet containing only hundreds of characters for each result returned by the XML search engine.Such snippet can provide sufficient information to allow the users to determine the relevance of its underlying document,instead of reading the document itself,which can help the users find what they want quickly.In this paper,a snippet retrieval strategy based on an element weighting model is proposed.In this strategy,all elements in an XML document are weighted automatically by Average Topic Generalization(ATG) model.Then the BM25EW model,which is obtained by applying element weights on BM25 model,is employed to retrieve and rank the relevant elements in an XML document collection.To extract a suitable snippet,all retrieved elements are split into some windows with the same length,which are then assessed.The windows with higher scores are extracted as snippets with the consideration that the redundancy is as little as possible.The experimental results on INEX 2011 Snippet Retrieval Track show that snippet retrieval strategy based on element weighting model ATG is competitive,and performs better than other participants.


Assam-Arakan basin represents a classical asymmetrical/ foreland basin flanked by NESW trending mobile Naga Schuppen belt on the East and Southeast and Arunachal Himalaya to the North and NorthEast. The present study purports to establish and understand the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene depositional systems of Barail Main Sand (BMS) in terms of the genetic stratigraphic sequence analysis of the region. Well log sequences and seismic stratigraphic analysis together with the with the biostratigraphic studies has been integrated to define various orders of depositional sequences, which are later mapped to bring out the regional depositional pattern. The study shows that the Barail Main Sand is relatively older in the northwestern part i.e in Disangmukh-Rudrasagar area and becomes progressively younger in the east and southeast i.e. Lakwa, Dimulgaon and Galeki area. Therefore, unlike the lithostratigraphy nomenclature, a prodelta to marine shale unit equivalent of BMS has been separated from the underlying Kopili unit, which helped bringing the depositional model more lucidly. A framework of deltaic progradational units, considered as a late High Stand to Shelf Margin System Tract representing a normal regression deposite, attributed to high sediment influx from West and Northwest were probably the favourable factors during the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene sedimentation in Assam Shelf.


In I964 two broken terracotta figures were found during excavations for the foundations of a new garage at the Geological Survey in Entebbe, Uganda. Except for a broken figure from Kanyanya hill, described below, these are the first terracotta figures to be found in east Africa since the Luzira head described by Wayland et al. (1933). Though a rapid rescue excavation' was undertaken, no further figures were found and the exact context of the figures is unknown. As the figures are unique in east Africa it is hoped that this brief report will enable parallels to be located outside Uganda.


This work aims to present a study on the stability analysis of linear and nonlinear incommensurate h-nabla fractional-order difference systems. Several theoretical results are inferred with the help of using some theoretical schemes, such as the Z-transform method, Cauchy–Hadamard theorem, Taylor development approach, final-value theorem and Banach fixed point theorem. These results are verified numerically via two illustrative numerical examples that show the stabilities of the solutions of systems at hand.


Aim To examine the incidence of thick melanoma in New Zealand from 1994–2004 and investigate associations with melanoma thickness. Method The New Zealand Health Information Service provided information on all registrations for malignant melanoma from 1994–2004. Age-standardised registration rates were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to identify factors associated with melanoma thickness. Results The incidence of thick melanoma did not decrease during 1994–2004. There were statistically significant associations for age, gender, ethnic group, and type of melanoma with melanoma thickness. Of those diagnosed with melanoma, the proportion with thick melanoma was greater for older than younger people, for males compared with females, for Māori compared with non-Māori (despite the lower incidence in Māori), and for those diagnosed with nodular melanoma compared with other types of melanoma. Conclusion Strategies to encourage the early detection of melanoma in New Zealand have not yet reduced the incidence of thick melanomas. This may be because it is too soon to see the impact of early detection, or because early detection strategies predominantly identify melanomas that are unlikely to progress, but miss thicker nodular melanomas. Cutaneous malignant melanoma was the fourth most common cancer registration in males and third in females in New Zealand in 2004, the most recent year of published data available from the New Zealand Cancer Registry. 1 Numbers of registrations and age-standardised registration rates are similar for males and females. Non-Māori agestandardised registration rates are about nine times higher than Māori agestandardised rates. 1 The forwarding of pathology information indicating cancer to the Cancer Registry became compulsory in New Zealand after the passage of the Cancer Registry Act 1993, which came into effect in July 1994. Increased reporting as a result of this legislation probably explains the observed sudden increase in registrations from 1994 to 1995 in New Zealand. 1 Because the Cancer Registry Act 1993 came into effect in July 1994, increased registration occurred in the second half of 1994, and for all subsequent years. This means that registration data from after 1994 can only be compared cautiously with earlier years.


Intraarterial procedures such as chemoembolization and radioembolization aim for the palliative treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (stage BCLC B and C with tumoral portal thrombosis). The combination of hepatic intraarterial chemotherapy and systemic chemotherapy can increase the probability of curing colorectal cancer with hepatic metastases not immediately accessible to surgical treatment or percutaneous ablation.


After a number of years of working the Austin chalk (in all stages of the activity, from the predrill geophysics to geologic supervision of drilling wells), I learned—through successes and failures—a number of points to consider when planning a horizontal well. I present them because the industry is just beginning to climb the learning curve concerning what it takes to make a successful horizontal well; and because the Austin chalk was and is the proving ground for a technique that might enhance recovery of hydrocarbon reserves in many areas.


Introduction What is Plasma? Brief History of Plasma Physics Fundamental Parameters Plasma Frequency Debye Shielding Plasma Parameter Collisions Magnetized Plasmas Plasma Beta DeBroglie Wavelength Exercises Charged Particle Motion Introduction Motion in Uniform Fields Method of Averaging Guiding Center Motion Magnetic Drifts Invariance of Magnetic Moment Poincar'e Invariants Adiabatic Invariants Magnetic Mirrors Van Allen Radiation Belts Equatorial Ring Current Second Adiabatic Invariant Third Adiabatic Invariant Motion in Oscillating Fields Exercises Collisions Introduction Collision Operator Two-Body Elastic Collisions Boltzmann Collision Operator Collisional Conservation Laws Boltzmann H-Theorem Two-Body Coulomb Collisions Rutherford Scattering Cross-Section Landau Collision Operator Coulomb Logarithm Rosenbluth Potentials Collision Times Exercises Plasma Fluid Theory Introduction Moments of Distribution Function Moments of Collision Operator Moments of Kinetic Equation Fluid Equations Entropy Production Fluid Closure Chapman-Enskog Closure Normalization of Neutral Gas Equations Braginskii Equations Normalization of Braginskii Equations Cold-Plasma Equations MHD Equations Drift Equations Closure in Collisionless Magnetized Plasmas Langmuir Sheaths Exercises Waves in Cold Plasmas Introduction Plane Waves in homogeneous Plasmas Cold-Plasma Dielectric Permittivity Cold-Plasma Dispersion Relation Wave Polarization Cutoff and Resonance Waves in Unmagnetized Plasmas Low-Frequency Wave Propagation Parallel Wave Propagation Perpendicular Wave Propagation Exercises Wave Propagation Through Inhomogeneous Plasmas Introduction WKB Solutions Cutoffs Resonances Resonant Layers Collisional Damping Pulse Propagation Ray Tracing Ionospheric Radio Wave Propagation Exercises Magnetohydrodynamic Fluids Introduction Magnetic Pressure Flux Freezing MHD Waves Solar Wind Parker Model of Solar Wind Interplanetary Magnetic Field Mass and Angular Momentum Loss MHD Dynamo Theory Homopolar Disk Dynamo Slow and Fast Dynamos Cowling Anti-Dynamo Theorem Ponomarenko Dynamo Magnetic Reconnection Linear Tearing Mode Theory Nonlinear Tearing Mode Theory Fast Magnetic Reconnection MHD Shocks Parallel MHD Shocks Perpendicular MHD Shocks Oblique MHD Shocks Exercises Waves in Warm Plasmas Introduction Landau Damping Physics of Landau Damping Plasma Dispersion Function Ion Acoustic Waves Waves in Magnetized Plasmas Parallel Wave Propagation Perpendicular Wave Propagation Electrostatic Waves Velocity-Space Instabilities Counter-Propagating Beam Instability Current-Driven Ion Acoustic Instability Harris Instability Exercises Bibliography Index


Aim: In Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related respiratory failure, high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy may delay invasive ventilation. The respiratory rate oxygenation (ROX) and modified ROX (mROX) indices, which can predict the need for invasive ventilation, can also be used in patients with COVID-19 with respiratory failure. The aim of the study was to verify the effectiveness of ROX and mROX to predict entubation need in HFNO therapy patients in intensive care unit.
Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 41 patients in the final evaluation.
Results: The overall mortality of patients with similar demographic and laboratory data was 60,97%. Invasive ventilation was required in 27 patients. The cutoff values for prediction of intubation for ROX and mROX at 6 h were determined as 4,95 and 6,01.
Conclusion: These indices can predict the need for invasive ventilation during the follow-up of COVID 19 patients who under go HFNO and can help prevent adverse outcomes.


This paper shows the behaviors of macro- and micro-structures and mechanical properties for specimen`s welding region welded by FSW. according to welding conditions with 5mm thickness aluminum 5083O alloy plate. It apparently results in defect-free weld zone in case traverse speed was changed to 32 mm/min under conditions of anti-clockwise direction and tool rotation speed such as 800 and 1250 rpm with tool`s pin diameter of 5 and shoulder diameter of 20 , pin length of 4.5 mm and tilting angle of . The ultimate stress of ${\sigma}_T


Speakers of Russian and Finnish described visually presented events while their attention was directed to one of the event's characters. Studies 1 and 2, using a free description task and an explicit perceptual priming task, showed that in Russian, perceptually driven assignment of the sentential roles and word order alternations are rare. Russian speakers' performance on the free description task revealed a greater processing load and related decrease in processing flexibility associated with early commitment to case-marked noun forms. Finnish speakers' performance in an implicit perceptual priming task in Study 3 showed similar results. The data reveal important differences in the organization of perception-grammar interfaces in languages using case marking and flexible organization of word order (Russian and Finnish) as compared to previous findings from English.


The authors reasearch the period and quantity of algae production by using tap water as experimental water at the time when TN/T Pchanges form 25:1 to 4:1 in laboratory experiments.The experimental sett six ratios: 25∶1,20∶1,15∶1,12∶1,10∶1,4∶1.They explore the effects of temperature on the production of algae by doing the same experiment in summer and winter.The results show that when TN/TP changes within the range of 25∶1~12∶1,the period of algae production reduces and quantity of algae production increases with TN/TP reduces.The ratio of TN/TP suitable for algae to breed is 12∶1.With TN/TP changes within the range of 12∶1~10∶1,the period of algae production increases and quantity of algae production reduces with TN/TP redwtion.When TN/TP is 4:1,there is no algae.Seasons have great influences on the production of algae.In summer,the period of algae production is short and the quantity is large.While in winter,the period is longer and the quantity is smaller respectively.