Tourism development has many effects on residents' daily life. Over the past decade,tourism and its impact on peoples' quality of life(QOL) have received a great deal of attention.However, few studies have directly investigated the relationship between tourism and residents' QOL.This study is an attempt to go beyond tourism impact research and explore tourism's influence on the QOL of local residents, especially focusing on those informal employees in tourism. The QOL of local residents who engage in or are otherwise dependent on informal employment in tourism is less affected by other nontourism factors. Moreover, this study further explores the QOL differences among residents with various demographic characteristics and working conditions. It was unrealistic to conduct the research using a large sampling because the group of informal employees is small. A face- to- face interview survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with a convenience and snowball sample of informal employees from five typical tourism scenic spots(Baiyun Mountain, Nansha Bay,Canton Tower, Xiaozhou Village, and Huangpu Ancient Port) in Guangzhou City. Altogether 175 questionnaires were collected, but only 151 questionnaires were subjected to final data analysis because some were excluded due to incompleteness or logical contradiction of the questionnaires. The questionnaire included three sections. The first section involves a scale measuring perceived QOL impacts of tourism, which was adjusted from the scale of subjective well- being(SWB). The second section concerns the demographics(age, gender, education, and personal monthly income). The third section relates to the working conditions of these informal employees, including their work status, years of working, working hours per day, investment, part- time or full- time, and working place. A factor analysis was conducted to develop QOL domains of informal employees. A further series of multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to test the influence of each life domain of the respondents on the overall SWB. One-way ANOVA analysis was performed to illustrate the differences in demographic characteristics and working conditions among each life domain. The study finds that the QOL of informal tourism employees was different from that of other local residents around tourism scenic spots, which included eight sequential QOL domains: leisure and entertainment, work prospects,family life, work condition, social interaction, consumption and safety, capability development, and physical well-being. These eight domains significantly predicted 58.3% of overall SWB. According to the regression analysis and ANOVA analysis results, all higher predictive domains showed a lower evaluation of SWB. Few statistically significant differences were found among people with different demographic characteristics and working conditions concerning their evaluation of each SWB domain.This finding indicated that tourism informal employees had a similar evaluation of SWB and was a highly homogeneous group in relation to QOL with most having lower QOL. This study has two managerial implications. First of all, effective measurements for improving QOL of informal employees should target various groups rather than individuals on improving working environment,increasing income and working stability, and reducing working hours. Moreover, more local community residents rather than foreign participants should be engaged in the informal tourism sector to help to enhance the QOL of local residents.


We introduce the Joint spectrum on the complex Banach space and on the complex Hilbert space and the tensor product spectrums on the tensor product spaces. And we will show on for a polynomial P.


We propose a mechanism for increasing transmission rate of quantum communication channels, by multiplexing spin and multiple orbital angular momentum states on a single photon, transmitting the photon, and demultiplexing them to different photons.


During anisotropic conductive connection, is a short generation is suppressed, either without degrading the capture of the conductive particles, and allows for the good press-fitting of the conductive particles good initial conductive property anisotropic conductive film exhibits good conduction reliability as well as the insulating binder It may include a first conductive particle group and the second conductive particle group including a plurality of conductive particles in each. A first conductive particle group and the second group conductive particles are, respectively, in the top one another in the thickness direction of the anisotropic conductive film, and also present in the first region and the second region in parallel with the surface direction. In addition, the first conductive particles and the second group conductive grain group, a state of presence of the conductive particles is higher with each other.


NEOS server provides free access to the library of necessary software for solving optimization problems. The effective numerical methods developed can be used for a specific application or for solving a wide range of mathematical programming problems.
The article is devoted to researching the possibilities of solving optimization problems using NEOS server on the example of two mathematical programming problems: a linear Boolean programming problem for the well-known m-traveler problem and nonlinear programming problem for a special multiextremal problem on the Stiefel's manifold.
The material of the work is presented in 4 sections. Chapter 1 describes general information about using NEOS server for solving optimization problems and focuses on AMPL mathematical programming language as its component. Comparison of the frequency of use of AMPL, GAMS and other input data formats available on the server was conducted.
The second section describes the principle of solving optimization problems using NEOS and provides a list of AMPL-supporting solvers available on the server. Statistics of use frequency of the solvers CPLEX, Gurobi and BARON in comparison with other solvers available on the server, as well as general statistics of the number of solved problems on the server in 2021 are given.
Chapter 3 describes linear Boolean programming problems for the m-travelers problem, which is equivalent to the well-known traveling salesman problem. Performance indicators for solving these problems using CPLEX and Gurobi solvers are given.
In Chapter 4 a study of nonlinear programming problem for a special multiextremal problem on the Stiefel's manifold is conducted. General formulation of the problem and the formulation of its partial cases depending on the constraints imposed on vector components are given. The efficiency of solving test cases using BARON solver was investigated depending on the number of vectors and their dimensions. Keywords: optimization, NEOS server, AMPL, NEOS solvers, travelling salesman problem, Stiefel's manifold.


The low-lying low-spin levels of {sup 75}Se have been investigated. These levels were populated via the {sup 75}As({ital p},{ital n}{gamma}){sup 75}Se reaction with proton energies between 3.0 and 4.0 MeV. Angular distribution measurements have been used to assign spin values and to determine multipole mixing ratios via compound statistical theory of nuclear reactions. Lifetimes for 17 states in {sup 75}Se were obtained by the Doppler-shift attenuation method for the first time. For several of the transitions in {sup 75}Se, values or limits for {ital B}({ital M}1) and {ital B}({ital E}2) were obtained. The negative-parity sequence of levels up to about 2.5 MeV could be predicted well on the basis of the collective model with Coriolis perturbation. An effective moment-of-inertia parameter under the effect of Coriolis perturbation is used to predict these states. The results compare quite well with experimental values.


This paper tries to compare and research the native and overseas vocational education models.Wih the international input of the advantages of different models of curriculum in vocational education,the innovation of our vocational education model is specially introduced which is based on working process and according to the situation of China.The curriculum model presented is on behalf of the development direction of Chinese higher vocational education model.It is worth exploring,researching and extending.


Within investigation of geothermal structure in Durkov three geothermal wells were drilled - GTD-1, GTD-2 and GTD-3 focused on possible geothermal energy utilisation in central heating system in town Kosice. Technical parameters of vertical geothermal well GTD-1 and two directional geothermal wells GTD-2 and GTD-3 prepared them for production and reinjection. Testing of wells proved existence of geothermal reservoir with average free flowrate of wells is 65 Us, wellhead temperature of geothermal water is 125°C and TDS 30 g/1 . The source of geothermal water is located in Mesosoic dolomites in depth 2100 3200 m. Hydraulic parameters of aquifer and chemical composition of water suggest the prospective geothermal structure which seems to be hydrogeologically and geochemically confined and its utilisation is possible exclusively by reinjection. High TDS (31g/l) and pressure - temperature conditions suggest scaling and corrosion problems during operation. Geothermal heat will be used via heat exchangers in 4 centres and heat will be delivered to central heating system in Kosice. For the realisation of the whole project with heat output 100 MW 8 production and 8 reinjection wells are needed.


The utility model discloses a bare engine device applied to micro-organisms. The bare engine device comprises a rotation column and a lifting platform. A bare engine which is used for controlling the rotation of the rotation column is arranged on the rotation column. The rotation column is connected with a telescopic rod. A magnifier is arranged at the end part of the telescopic rod. A lifting rod is arranged on the lifting platform. A micro slide on which the micro-organisms are placed is arranged on the lifting rod. The magnifier is arranged above the micro slide. The bare engine device provided by the utility model has the advantages of simple structure and convenient use, and can be used to conveniently observe the movement of the micro-organisms.


The invention generally provides for methods for controlling polymer properties. In particular, invention provides for methods for controlling the comonomer composition distribution of polyolefins such as ethylene alpha-olefin copolymers by altering at least one or more of the following parameters: the molar ratio of hydrogen to ethylene, the molar ratio of comonomer to ethylene, the partial pressure of ethylene, and the reactor temperature without substantially changing the density and/or the melt index of the copolymer.


ASD (Autism spectrum disorder) defines a group of people who have some level of disabilities. Basically it represents a number of people of our society who are disabled mentally or physically. They do not have the proper opportunities of education. Education is the most important thing for a nation if it wants to develop. It is hard for such children to cope up with the traditional school system education. To serve them a better life by fighting against those disabilities and gain the basic educational knowledge in mathematics, we have developed a system for these special children to help them in learning mathematics. We introduced AR (Augmented Reality) in our system to maximize the result. AR makes real world environment elements lively in the application. It will help the autistic children to understand the real environment easily. For developing this system we went through some processes, collected data from different ASD schools then simulated those data to generate graph and to get the final results which shows the efficiency of this application. As our designed system is already experimented in some school and the achieved result indicates positivity, so it can be said as a proof of concept. The application is colorful and attractive so that it gets the attention of every autistic child. For using AR, learning will be easy and fun for them. Hence it is an application which directly interacts with children; it is definitely under the HCI (Human-computer interaction).


Objective To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome(MS) between different sexes in the old people with hypertension.Methods Using cluster multistratum sampling stratification according to age,hypertension grade,blood sugar and blood lipid,2 136 inhabitants with hypertension over 65 years old in Wuchang Region welfare homes of Wuhan city were divided into groups.The prevalence in different sexes of the old people in every group of MS was analyzed.Results The prevalence of MS decreased with increasing age and was higher in females than in males.At 65-75 years group,75-85 years group and 85-95 years group,the prevalence of MS was higher in females than in males,respectively 28.8% vs 21.2%,22.3% vs 16.4% and 17.8% vs 12.4%(all P0.05).The prevalence of MS was no statistic significance in the hypertension grade.The prevalence of MS in grade 1,grade 2 and grade 3 of hypertension was higher in females than in males,respectively 23.2% vs 15.0%,22.1% vs 16.4% and 23.9% vs 16.6%(P0.05 or 0.01).The prevalence of MS increased with increasing fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and was higher in females than in males in high FPG.At FPG6.1 mmol/L group,FPG≥6.1-7.0 mmol/L group and FPG7.0 mmol/L group,the prevalence of MS was higher in females than in males,respectively 9.5% vs 3.9%,42.7% vs 28.8% and 66.0% vs 50.3%(P0.05 or 0.01).The prevalence of MS was the highest in high TG group,and the proper order was low HDL-C group,high LDL-C group and high TC group.At high TG group,low HDL-C group and high TC group,the prevalence of MS was higher in females than in males,respectively 54.6% vs 43.2%,45.2% vs 36.2% and 32.5% vs 23.1%(P0.01).At high LDL-C group,the prevalence of MS was higher in males than in females,41.9% vs 34.5%(P0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of MS among the old people decreased with increasing age,and increased with increasing FPG.The prevalence of MS was higher in females than in males,in females higher than in males in every grade of hypertension and FPG.


We report on octave broadband supercontinuum generation from ultraviolet to near infrared wavelengths in the fundamental mode of a gas-filled novel low-loss anti-resonant hollow-core fiber having distinct transmission windows.


In Russia after the Bolshevik revolution the armed forces of the state – the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army – gained an officer corps which was an extremely diverse mosaic of nationalities. This was due not only to the multinational character of the state but also ideological reasons; many representatives of various European nations (among others) allowed themselves to be enticed by the slogans of equality and social justice, and entered the service of the Bolsheviks. Until the middle of the 1930s an important role, especially at the higher levels of the military hierarchy, was played by the so-called inorodtsy – representatives of various nations which had their own statehood. Among them were not only Latvians, Poles, Germans and Swedish but also representatives of other nations, for example the Swiss or representatives of the Balkan states. In this article the author attempts a synthetic presentation of the repressions against the inorodtsy in the officer corps of the Red Army during the Great Purge. It includes the mechanisms governing the repressions, and the resulting consequences, above all the total marginalisation of the inorodtsy's role, and the establishment of full hegemony of the eastern Slavs: the Russians, the Ukrainians, and the Belarusians. Soviet Union, Red Army, repressions, Great Purge, Officers Corps, inorodtsy


Abstract The effect of adult experience on in-flight orientation to plant–host complex volatiles byAphidius erviHaliday was studied in a wind tunnel bioassay, usingAcyrthosiphon pisum(Harris), maintained on broad bean plants (Vicia faba) as host. A short oviposition experience (15 s) on the plant–host complex (PHC) was sufficient to induce a drastic decrease of flight propensity and stimulated a foraging behavior characterized by intense walking activity. However, flight activity resumed to normal levels 1 h after the oviposition experience on the PHC occurred. For parasitoids conditioned on the PHC for at least 1 min the recorded proportion making oriented flights to the PHC was significantly higher than that for naive females. In contrast, oviposition experience in the absence of plant material did not influence theA. erviflight response. Oviposition attempts on aphid dummies without egg release did not reduce flight activity. WhenA. ervifemales were exposed to glass beads coated withAc. pisumcornicle secretion, a priming effect was observed, resulting, compared with naive females, in a significantly higher rate of oriented flights to the PHC. In contrast, oviposition attempts visually induced by colored aphid dummies did not influence flight behavior. A strong reaction to volatile cues from uninfested plants was induced by oviposition experience on newly infested broad bean plants. This appears to be a case of associative learning. In fact, uninfested broad bean plants are basically unattractive to naiveA. ervifemales. The results demonstrate that adult experience has a considerable influence onA. ervibehavior and may have important implications for biological control of natural pest aphid populations.


Six winter and four summer crops, two pasture legumes and two pasture grasses, were grown in rotation with wheat in soil naturally colonized with Bipolaris sorokiniana. Soil populations of 6. sorokiniana under the different rotations were measured at the beginning of winter and of summer between 1982 and 1986. Populations increased under wheat, barley and triticale, remained static under oats, safflower and chickpea, and declined under buffel grass, cocksfoot, lucerne, mung bean, snail medic, sorghum, sunflower and White French millet. Populations also declined under a fallow, and propagules of the fungus were still present after 4 years. Where populations had declined owing to cropping history, they were effectively restored to their previous levels after one wheat crop. Severity of common root rot in wheat caused by 6. sorokiniana, was reduced from that occurring with continuous wheat when wheat was planted after safflower, sorghum, mung bean, snail medic, lucerne and buffel grass. Disease levels in wheat following barley, triticale, oats, chickpea, millet, sunflower, cocksfoot or a fallow were not significantly different from that of continuous wheat. When a second wheat crop was planted, severity of common root rot was high in all treatments, irrespective of the previous cropping history. The implications of these findings in developing control strategies for common root rot by crop rotation are discussed.


An experiment consisting of three sowing periods (March-May, June-August and September-November) and seven pre-sowing treatments was undertaken to study the effect of these factors on seed germination and initial seedling growth in cashew. Seeds sowing during June - August gave significantly better germination and initial seedling growth. However, maximum germination percentage, maximal seedling growth and minimum days to germination were observed with GA3 200ppm during all three sowing periods compared to that in other treatments. As for panchagavya, @ 10% and 20%, was found to be beneficial in treated seeds. All the growth parameters studied were also superior with GA3 application,excepting root growth. Best root growth was recorded with panchagavya at 20%.


From systematic reviewing of evidence, this book provides an overview of techniques foroptimum management in key areas, including glaucoma, cataract and ...


The invention aims at providing a safe and efficacious hemostatic and relates to a bioabsorbable synthetic nonwoven fabric characterized in that thrombin as the active ingredient is fixed to thereto and a hemostatic consisting of the same. The thrombin-carrying bioabsorbable synthetic nonwoven fabric of the invention can be produced by the step of dipping a bioabsorbable synthetic nonwoven fabric in a solution containing thrombin and the step of freeze-drying the resulting nonwoven fabric, and speedy and sure stanching can be attained by using the thrombin-carrying bioabsorbable synthetic nonwoven fabric.


The uptake and movement of IAA-l-Cl4 in 5 mm sections from the middle of petioles of primary bean leaves was studied under five concentrations of SO2 (0.0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 ppm) by suspending the sections horizontally between donor agar blocks containing C14 labeled IAA and plain agar receiver blocks and measuring radioactivity in the blocks after 6 hr by scintillation counting. Movement was strictly polar in a basipetal direction. There was no signiScant effect of SO2, petiole size) or interaction between these two variables on IAA movement or IAA loss from donor blocks. It is therefore unlikely that SO2 damage to plants results from any effect on IAA movement.


Reduced-form estimates of the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) first-order condition indicate that its preferences have been asymmetric with respect to exchange-rate management, with the response to the rate of rupee appreciation being relatively larger than to the rate of rupee depreciation of the same magnitude. This behaviour is shown to account for a sizable fraction of reserve accretion in recent years.


Understanding the impact of variation in lesion topography on the expression of functional impairments following stroke is important, as it may pave the way to modeling structure–function relations in statistical terms while pointing to constraints for adaptive remapping and functional recovery. Multi‐perturbation Shapley‐value analysis (MSA) is a relatively novel game‐theoretical approach for multivariate lesion‐symptom mapping. In this methodological paper, we provide a comprehensive explanation of MSA. We use synthetic data to assess the method's accuracy and perform parameter optimization. We then demonstrate its application using a cohort of 107 first‐event subacute stroke patients, assessed for upper limb (UL) motor impairment (Fugl‐Meyer Assessment scale). Under the conditions tested, MSA could correctly detect simulated ground‐truth lesion‐symptom relationships with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of ~90%. For real behavioral data, MSA disclosed a strong hemispheric effect in the relative contribution of specific regions‐of‐interest (ROIs): poststroke UL motor function was mostly contributed by damage to ROIs associated with movement planning (supplementary motor cortex and superior frontal gyrus) following left‐hemispheric damage (LHD) and by ROIs associated with movement execution (primary motor and somatosensory cortices and the ventral brainstem) following right‐hemispheric damage (RHD). Residual UL motor ability following LHD was found to depend on a wider array of brain structures compared to the residual motor ability of RHD patients. The results demonstrate that MSA can provide a unique insight into the relative importance of different hubs in neural networks, which is difficult to obtain using standard univariate methods.


The aim of the assessment was to determine if the application of retro-reflective graphics material in conjunction with contour markings to the side face of heavy and long vehicles and their trailers could result in disability glare.
Disability glare is the reduction in the ability to see objects due to bright light sources in the visual field. It was assessed in this study by measuring the extent to which the presence of a pedestrian on the road between the truck and an approaching driver could be detected.
For reference, the Draft Regulation XA defines contour markings as 'a series of rectangular strips intended to be placed in such a way that it shows the contour of the vehicle to the side or rear'. Graphics markings are 'additional coloured markings intended to be placed within the contour marking' which are of a lower retro-reflective performance than the contour markings.


Scientific publishing is a highly responsible enterprise that involves shared responsibilities between the authors and the publisher. It is based on mutual trust and on the principles of respect of freedom of expression of ideas. The author is responsible for the content of the article and for the truthfulness of the affirmations while the publisher verifies the formal coherency of the articles and is seldom engaged in the verification of the truthfulness of the original content. Publishing bad science is damaging to the scientific community and society as a whole. It has been shown that there are scientific journals that publish without much control over the form and content of the papers. Such journals usually have low impact on the scientific community. Damage that is made by publishing bad papers and bad research in an unimportant journal is small in comparison to the damage that may be and is often produced if the article is well written but contains trivial results and unsound conclusions and yet is published in a journal of high reputation. Some measures are proposed that could, by improving the reviewing procedure, also affect the quality of the publishing of science. It would also help if, when judging the scientific value of an article, the scientific community were to pay less attention to the fame of a journal or to various quality indicators, but consider more directly the quality of the research itself.


In 2011, the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) held a meeting to develop a five year strategic plan for advancing nursing research in order to help current and future health care needs. At its core, the NINR's purpose is to improve the health of individuals, families, and communities by funding research projects that focus on new health care initiatives. One novel and noninvasive way of studying genomic contributions to different health conditions is through the use of saliva. In addition to secretions and proteins, saliva also contains essential biomarkers, steroid hormones, antibodies, enzymes, and genetic material that allow researchers to explore deeper into different diseases and conditions. Surprisingly, these salivary sample biomarkers have not been significantly explored until the early 2000s. Due to its minimal invasiveness and ease of use, salivary samples have the potential to be used in vastly different disciplines such as psychology, nursing, medicine, dentistry, and neuroscience. Because of its tremendous potential impact on global diseases and chronic conditions, future research is needed on developing a reproducible method for DNA extraction from whole cell salivary samples. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to develop an economical and facile method for extracting DNA from passive drool samples and 2) to develop an economical and facile method for extracting DNA from SalivaBio swabs. By developing these methods, the Biobehavioral research lab will be able to be cost-effective in doing DNA extraction/isolation "in house" and will be able to utilize previous unpreserved samples for future analysis. Running Head: DNA ISOLATION OF SALIVARY SAMPLES 3 Developing a Novel and Facile Method for DNA Isolation from Passive Drool and Oral Swab Samples In 2011, the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) held a meeting to develop a five year strategic plan for advancing nursing research in order to help current and future health care needs. At its core, the NINR's purpose is to improve the health of individuals, families, and communities by funding research projects that focus on new health care initiatives. This new strategic plan stressed the importance of researching the interplay between biology, behavior, and the environment on the health of an individual (Grady, 2011). Specifically, the report states "NINR will also maintain its focus on basic research, seeking to improve knowledge of underlying biological systems including the genetic and genomic contributions to symptoms (such as pain) and to health conditions (such as obesity) (Grady, 2011, p.7)." One novel and noninvasive way of studying genomic contributions to different health conditions is through the use of saliva. Saliva/oral fluid is a mixture of different fluids and chemicals from glands within the oral cavity and can vary in PH from 4-8 (Beltzer et al., 2010). Saliva contains bronchial and nasal secretions, blood and serum, as well as possible bacteria and drug chemicals. It also contains essential biomarkers, steroid hormones, antibodies, enzymes, and genetic material that allow researchers to explore deeper into different diseases and conditions. Surprisingly, these salivary sample biomarkers were not significantly explored until the early 2000s (Hanrahan, McCarthy, Kleiber, Lutgendorf, & Tsalikian, 2006). Previously, invasive blood samples were used to analyze the biological systems; however, this method required a trained laboratory technician and increased the pain and discomfort of the research participant (Granger, Johnson, Szanton, Out, & Schumann, 2012; Looi, Zakaria, Osman, & Jamal, 2012). Running Head: DNA ISOLATION OF SALIVARY SAMPLES 4 With new technological advances, there has been a shift to focus on using salivary samples in research studies. There are numerous benefits to using salivary samples for biological analysis. Specifically, saliva is minimally invasive (not painful to the participant), safe (because needles are not needed to extract the saliva), easy to use (participants can collect the samples themselves), and less expensive than blood draws (because a certified technician is not needed to collect the sample) (Looi et al., 2012). Due to its minimal invasiveness and ease of use, salivary samples have the potential to be used in vastly different disciplines such as psychology, nursing, medicine, dentistry, sports medicine, and neuroscience. Thus far, saliva has been used for studying oral cancer, viral hepatitis, different parasitic infections, as well as cardiovascular disease (Granger et al., 2012). In nursing, research using salivary samples has focused on specific chemicals found in the saliva such as cortisol, melatonin, alpha-amylase, and immunoglobulin A (Nemoda et al., 2011). Further studies have focused on using salivary samples for easy and quick drug and virus screenings (Looi et al., 2012). Research into saliva samples can be broken down into five main areas: 1) systemic body processes, 2) local oral biology 3) medications and environmental exposures 4) antibodies, and 5) genetic factors (Granger et al., 2012). The first four areas have been extensively studied and companies such as Salimetrics, Inc. have developed to handle the increasing demand for salivary sample analysis. Although demands have increased for analysis of different biomarkers and chemicals present in saliva, there is little research that has focused on analyzing the DNA in saliva samples (Nemoda et al., 2011; Viltrop, Krjutškov, Palta, & Metspalu, 2010). While a method of DNA collection has been created using Oragene (DNA Genotek, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) tubes, this method uses preservatives and thus future analysis on the same sample cannot be done. DNA Running Head: DNA ISOLATION OF SALIVARY SAMPLES 5 analysis using salivary samples is an exciting new area of research that could have tremendous impact on the healthcare field. Specifically, salivary DNA could be used for establishing DNA biobanks and genomic-wide association studies where large populations of people could be studied for various genetic mutations and diseases (Rylander-Rudqvist, Hakansson, Tybring, & Wolk, 2006). Previous studies like this have been used for breast cancer susceptibility variants (Ellingjord-Dale et al., 2014) as well as multiple sclerosis (Bahlo et al., 2010). Further, salivary DNA could also be used for identifying variants of genes that are associated with normal/abnormal drug metabolism as well as large-scale genetic epidemiological studies (Koni et al., 2011; Nemoda et al., 2011). Studies that have used whole cell saliva for DNA extraction and analysis have done so using an Oragene self-collection device. This device contains DNA and antibacterial preserving chemicals (Rylander-Rudqvist et al., 2006). In the Biobehavioral Research Lab at UNC Chapel Hill, salivary samples have been collected using SalivaBio's (Salimetrics, State College, PA) passive drool and oral swab methods. These two methods do not have any chemicals or preservatives in them because it could affect biomarker testing. The samples collected were used for cortisol analysis and other chemical biomarkers; however, researchers now have expressed interest in the potential to use these samples for genetic analyses. Because these samples were not preserved with chemicals to help protect the integrity of the DNA, it is unknown as to whether these samples will be viable to use for future research. As of February 2016, only one article published has addressed using previously used salivary samples for genetic analysis (Nemoda et al., 2011). From this article, it was concluded that unpreserved DNA can be successfully extracted from passive drool and oral swab samples and can be used for future genetic analysis. Because of its tremendous potential impact on global Running Head: DNA ISOLATION OF SALIVARY SAMPLES 6 diseases and chronic conditions, future research is needed on developing a reproducible method for DNA extraction from whole cell salivary samples. The purpose of this article is twofold: 1) to develop an economical and facile method for extracting DNA from passive drool samples and 2) to develop an economical and facile method for extracting DNA from SalivaBio swabs. By developing these methods, the Biobehavioral research lab will be able to be cost-effective in doing DNA extraction/isolation "in house" and may be able to utilize previously collected existing samples for future analysis.


for mercantile communities include servants in representations that afford their positions skill and dignity. Chapter ten, by Karma Lochrie, provides indispensable analysis of "Medieval Masculinities Without Men." By analyzing how female masculinities work in different ways—in "feminine panic mode," in spiritualized, miraculous revelation, and using romance logics of disguise—Lochrie demonstrates how female masculinities decenter and refigure masculinity, particularly in John Mandeville (p. 212). Her suggestion that the Amazons represent an idealized masculinity warrants further attention, especially as she uses this claim to open way for the most important analysis of trans-masculinities in medieval literature that I've yet seen. By distinguishing "trans-masculinity" as involving transition, Lochrie shows how Christine de Pizan's Le Livre de la mutacion de Fortune and Gower's Iphis and Ianthe challenge us to rethink "masculinity apart from men" (pp. 221–28; 229). In chapter eleven, which considers "the beloved disciple" motif, Andreas Krass examines how the relationship between Jesus and John was imagined from the Bible to the Da Vinci Code. By considering a host of medieval writings on male friendship, Krass uses this relationship to challenge modern notions of homosexuality and heterosexuality. While some writings consider this relationship to be a spiritual union, others depict an eroticized physical bond. And while many of us might chafe to think of Dan Brown as capturing our own insistence that such contact be heterosexual, the ways that medieval representations suggest fluidity reveals our own gender panic. The range and reach of this volume make it an invigorating, important continuation of the critical conversation on medieval masculinities. The emphasis on disempowered masculinities is especially welcome in an era when we see the negative consequences that follow from hegemonic constructions of men's power. Given the harms #MeToo has exposed, I did wish for more of a critical focus on patriarchy. Long ago Clare Lees urged scholars to think more about how patriarchy consolidated its cultural dominance ("Men in Beowulf," 1994), and with more and more feminist thinkers refocusing activist and theoretical work on the unequal distribution of dispossession, medievalists have much to contribute to this interventionist reevaluation of masculinities. This volume makes a start by offering an intersectional, pluralist, nonnormative account of medieval masculinities. Holly A. Crocker University of South Carolina


The IMB-3 Detector is a large water Cerenkov ring imaging detector with a fiducial mass of 3.3 kton. During a 7.6 kton-year exposure (about 4.6 x 10{sup 33} nucleon-years) 935 contained events were observed. The observed rate and characteristics are consistent with the expected backgrounds from the atmospheric neutrino flux. Partial lifetime limits are set for a wide variety of proposed decay modes.


Abstract Objectives: To investigate changes in cochlear orientation with age and discuss the implications of any change with respect to cochlear implantation. Study Design: Cross-sectional study of computerized tomography scans of the temporal bones in patients with no congenital abnormalities. Patients: 159 patients were included in the study making a total of 318 ears. The age range was nine months to eighty five years. Intervention: Axial compututed tomography scans showing the basal turn of the cochlea were identified. The angle of the basal turn of the cochlea was measured by drawing a line through the long axis of the basal turn and measuring its angle with a line drawn through the midsagittal plane. The patients were grouped according to age and a one way analysis of variance was used to identify any statistically significant change in basal turn angulation. Inter- and intra-observer errors were calculated and presented as repeatability co-efficients. The basal turn angles of 3 difficult cases of cochlear implantation were related to the findings. Results: The mean basal turn angle was 54.6° (range 46.8–63.8°; SD 3.5°). There was a statistically significant reduction in the angulation of the basal turn with increasing age (F = 10.1; p = 0.002). The majority of the change occurs between the ages of eleven and fifteen. The inter-observer reliability co-efficient was 4.8. The intra-observer reliability co-efficient was 2.0. The 3 difficult cases all had basal turn angles that were at the upper limit of the normal range. Conclusions: There is a statistically significant reduction in basal turn angulation relative to the midsagittal plane with increasing age. However, care should be taken in interpreting these results in light of the inherent error in the measuring technique although the intra-observer repeatability coefficient was only 2.0. The more obtuse angulation of the basal turn in children may have implications for cochlear implantation.


Columbia University__s theoretical physicist and World Science U��_��__��_��___��_��__��_��___ founder Brian Greene, a guest on The Colbert Report, giving Stephen Colbert a crash course in Einstein__s relativity theory, and explaining why anyone would even want to teach (or learn about


In this paper, the notion of (minimal)approximation extensions is introduced, the existence and uniqueness of minimal approximation extensions over Gorenstein algebras are established, an application to minimal approximation extensions is given.


This study investigated the effect of Computer-Assisted Model on Upper Basic III Students' Attitude towards Drug Abuse Education. Purposive sampling procedure was employed to select 85 upper basic III students from two public co-education schools in West Senatorial District, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Quasi experimental design was employed for the study. Two research questions guided the study and two research hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Attitude Towards Drug Abuse Education Questionnaire (ATDAEQ) was used as instrument for data collection. The reliability of ATDAEQ was determined using Cronbach Alpha and the coefficient obtained was 0.79 implying that the instruments were reliable enough for the study. Descriptive statistics was used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the attitude of upper basic III students towards drug abuse education. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that upper basic teachers should adopt the use of Computer-Assisted Model in teaching so as to improve students' attitude towards drug abuse education.


Background: Patients with multiple myeloma are characterized by increased production of light chains of immunoglobulins and thus increase in the concentration of proximal nephron tubule lumen that leads to renal injury. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 62 patients with MM. They were characterized in three different stage groups of the disease using Salmon-Durie classification and by International Staging System (ISS). Blood samples were drawn to measure concentration of Cystatin C, Immunoglobulins, Free light chains (FLC), C-reactive protein (CRP), polyclonal chains, while urine is collected to measure creatinine level. ELISA and nephelometry were employed to determine those concentrations. Statistical analyzes were performed by SPSS 16. System. Results: In patients without renal injury and with renal injury differ among the phases. Significant difference was observed between the mean values of CRP, creatinine, serum kappa chains and the ratio of serum kappa and λ chains (p <0.05) while in the "steady" phase, difference was observed between the mean values of Cystatin C levels and creatinine. In ISS stage 1, the mean serum Cystatin C level in patients without renal injury and with renal impairment statistically differ as well as serum creatinine, CRP and serum κ chains levels in ISS stage 2. In ISS stage 3, no statistically significant difference was observed between the mean values of the examined parameters and renal injury. Conclusion: This confirms that beside serum Cystatin C, serum creatinine level, serum CRP level and serum κ chains' level were early signs of kidney impairment as well.


The short task methodology enhances the Bebras constructive environment, and provides an emotional context that triggers the convolution of initially biased mental models and corresponding emotional reactions into an unbiased set of conceptual models for informatics education. This provides the motivation of our research–to explore the process of pedagogical design of short informatics concept-based tasks from the standpoint of mindset formation, which allows one to build conceptual models for CT education. The aim of the research is to gain a conceptual understanding of what a short task is in the context of the global Bebras Challenge initiative. We explore the principles which should underlie the pedagogical design of short tasks for informatics education that scaffold CT. Exploration of a number of practical examples of the Bebras short tasks is the background of our research methodology. The results include an analysis of the structure of short tasks, focusing on the interaction of mental models, conceptual models, and heuristics inherent in the task design. The discussion provides a comprehensive insight into the issues of the short tasks in relation to CT and the Bebras environment. We conclude with recommendations for organizing an effective pedagogical design of a short task.


A method for active DPF regeneration was studied for a mechanical fuel pump that is equipped with an agricultural diesel engine. In this study, intake air throttling and hydraulic load were applied to increase exhaust gas temperature during the regeneration of DPF, and its characteristics were investigated by using both an experimental method and an empirical equation of the PM oxidation rate, as proposed by previous researchers. A high amount of hydraulic load is needed to achieve reliable DPF regeneration, which causes high fuel penalty due to energy loss as hydraulic pressure increases. Intake air throttling is a practical method of increasing exhaust gas temperature without sizeable energy loss. However, the amount of intake air throttling must be determined to prevent the deterioration of the engine performance and reduce emissions.


The prevalence of periodontal disease increases through several factors, such as age, gender, and smoking habit. Epidemiology data of periodontal disease can be used to create a strategic plan to decrease the prevalence of the disease. Was analyzed relationship of periodontal disease with age, gender, and smoking habit in a teaching dental hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia in the period of 2010–2015. This cross-sectional study employed 538 medical records. The most common periodontal disease in each age group was chronic periodontitis, which presented in majority of the women with anon-smoking habit. Chi-square test showed p<0.05, which indicates a significant difference in periodontal disease by age, gender, and smoking habit. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2018; 11(3): 1040-1043)


INTRAC is planning to hold an international conference in April 2005 on the theme of community development and civil society. Noticing changes in funding patterns in the international aid system and a growth of interest of multilateral and bilateral funders in grassroots community development initiatives, INTRAC plans to invite representatives from across the spectrum of civil society organizations and official funding bodies to present their own perspectives on the current state of community development. More specifically, INTRAC hopes to promote discussion of the link between development interventions at the grassroots and continuing efforts to strengthen civil society in developing and transition countries.


Abstract We assessed the effects of angling stress on nesting male smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu from two lakes in southeastern Ontario. In the first portion of the study, adult male smallmouth bass were hooked and then played either briefly (<20 s) or to exhaustion (2 min). White muscle acid–base and metabolite status were used as indicators of the extent of the physiological disturbance in these fish. Angling of smallmouth bass resulted in decreases in muscle pH and energy reserves for burst activity (phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate), as well as increases in muscle lactate, metabolic protons (▵H+), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2). The physiological disturbance was most severe in smallmouth bass played to exhaustion. In the second portion of the study, other adult male smallmouth bass were hooked and played as described above. Fish played to exhaustion took four times longer to return to their nests than did fish played briefly. As a result, offspring in the nests of fish ...


. Sublimation enthalpies of 10,15,20–tetraphenyl-21-oxa-( I ), 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl- 21-thia-( II ) and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21,23-dithia-( III ) porphyrines were measured by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry: ΔH subl. (T) = 209±2 (561 K), 224±2 (552 K) and 219±2 (577 K) kJ/mol, respectively. A structure of a free molecule of II was studied by quantum chemistry and gas-phase electron diffraction. The molecular structures of the dimeric associates of I - III were tested by quantum chemical calculations.


Relevant policy dictates that only particular interventions are to be employed when police are handling incidents involving violence against women in relationships. The objective of this study is to examine the way police officers describe their practice when investigating cases involving women victims who are criminally harassed by intimate or formerly intimate partners. This study inquires into the influence of this policy as well as the influence of other situational and organizational factors in the specific area of policing criminal harassment. In-depth interviews took place with 20 Vancouver police officers and qualitative analysis was employed. The data shows that the officers in this sample see themselves as highly discretionary in their practice and that their decision-making is influenced by the way in which they construct a number of situational and organizational factors. It was found that the vast majority of police in this sample constructed the victim, the crime of criminal harassment, and the criminal justice system in such a way so as to justify not following the protocols outlined in the Violence Against Women in Relationships Policy. Furthermore, it is argued that the attitudes which inform their discretionary practice can be seen as reflective of the attitudes embedded in police subculture as well as in dominant society. The implications of this research point to a need for further exposure and, perhaps, parameters around police practice so as to limit the negative effects of the patriarchal police subculture on women victims of violence. T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S Abstract i i Table of


pathways between the three entities. The coexistence of vitiligo and psoriasis is well described in the literature. However, the concurrence of psoriasis, vitiligo and FFA has not been previously reported. Ujiie and colleagues, reported an interesting case of coexistence of lichen planus, psoriasis and vitiligo, which could resemble our case. The authors proposed that the Koebner phenomenon related to photodamage could explain the coexistence of the three entities. Similarly, our patient might have exhibited a Koebner phenomenon since vitiligo and psoriasis are well-known entities with isomorphic phenomenon of Koebner, and it has been seen that FFA can also present it. Fernando Garcia-Souto | Sandra Cases-Merida | Francisco Sosa-Moreno | Jeronimo Escudero-Ordo~ nez 1 Departments of, Dermatology and 2 Pathology, Valme University Hospital, Seville, Spain


This paper aim to following content such as teaching flash content step by step,create proper problems background to arouse students' learning motive,establishing flash study group,encouraging students to practice and innovation,using the new evaluation methods in order to give some suggestion toward the teaching reform and practice of flash teaching.


Objective: To establish a new determination method for the measuring of acid phosphatase activity (ACP) with 2,6-dichloro-4 acetylphenylphosphoric acid as substrate. Methods: With the help of a semiautomatic analyzer, researched a continuous-monitoring procedure and set up experimental parameters. Results: When useing this assay, the wave-length of DCAP's absorption was 326nm, and the Km of ACP was 0.139mmol/L. The molecular extinction coefficient of DCAP at 340nm was 14440L/(mol×cm) and the concentration of citrate buffer was 0.1 mol/L. During the analytic process, we found that the optimum pH of enzyme was 5.4 and linear range was 0~1188 u/L. The time of linear reaction was 900 seconds. Serum total ACP and PAP (Prostatic acid phosphatase )were 12.58~19.42u/L and 2.52~9.04 u/L respectively,based on results from 30 health adults. Conclusion: The method was practical in its repetition and convenience , saved time and wasn't liable to be affected by bilirubin in serum.It is especially suited to the use of automatic analyzers.


Estimates of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) exposure were calculated from results of PCDD/PCDF analyses of Total Diet Study (TDS) samples collected in 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 and the most recent version of the TDS diets , which is based on food consumption data collected in USDA's 1994-96, 1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) (USDA 2000). TDS foods were analyzed for PCDD/PCDF congeners for one market basket collected each year in 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004. Collection year and site for each market basket analyzed are listed in Table 1.


In this paper, we investigate the difference between charging electric vehicles with photovoltaic (PV) installations installed on top of buildings and PV installations embedded into vehicles. In future, photovoltaics will be integrated into hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs) as well as into connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) for extending the electrical driving range (EDR) of these types of vehicles. Over the past decade, charging patterns of electric vehicles have been studied extensively and how the costs for electricity affect the time for charging electric vehicles. If PV cells are embedded for example into the roof of an electric vehicle, electricity can be produced wherever the car goes, both, under parking and driving conditions. We discuss how these circumstances will affect and change the calculation of charging patterns for electric vehicles.


Facial Expression plays a vital role in the identification of Emotions and comprehension level of the students in the virtual classrooms. Expressions that signal emotions include muscle movements such as raising the eyebrows, wrinkling the brow (the forehead or eyebrow), rolling the eyes or curling the lip. Here, we propose an efficient method for identifying the expressions of the students to recognize their comprehension from the facial expressions in static images containing the frontal view of the human face. Our goal is to categorize the facial expressions of the students in the given image into two basic emotional expression states - comprehensible, incomprehensible. One of the key action units in the face to expose expression is forehead. In this paper, Facial expressions are identified from the wrinkles of the forehead. Our method consists of three steps, Forehead detection, Wrinkle extraction and Emotion recognition. The proposed method is tested on the images from YALE and JAFFE Face databases.


Background:
 The mechanisms underlying diastolic dysfunction remain complicated and poorly understood. Previously implicated mechanisms include increased interstitial fibrosis and oxidative damage, altered calcium handling, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we investigate changes in the cardiac metabolic profile from mice with Angiotensin-II (Ang)-induced diastolic dysfunction. Because treatment with the GLP-1 agonist liraglutide (Lira) relieves Ang-induced diastolic dysfunction, we examined altered metabolites in Ang and Ang+Lira mice to identify metabolic pathways involved.

 Methods:
 8-wk mice were implanted with Ang pumps (1000 ng/kg/min) +/- Lira (0.2 mg/kg/day) therapy for 4 wks and compared to sham mice. Baseline and 4-wk echocardiography was performed. Hearts were collected for RNA-sequencing, Western blot, histology, radiolabeled palmitate assay, and targeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to assess metabolic changes.

 Results:
 After Ang treatment, mice had significant diastolic dysfunction but only mild hypertrophy based on echo and histologic measures and no evidence of systolic change. Compared to sham mice, Ang mice had reduced E/A (Sham, 2.67±0.40; Ang, 1.71±0.11; p<0.05) and peak reverse longitudinal strain rate (rLSR;Sham, 8.48±0.65/s; Ang, 6.081±0.33/s; p<0.05, consistent with diastolic dysfunction. Ang+Lira mice had improved E/A (3.57±0.50, p<0.01 vs. Ang) and rLSR (8.65±0.68/s, p<0.01 vs Ang). Targeted metabolomic analysis of hearts found significantly increased accumulation of Acetyl-CoA in Ang mice (peak area 0.14±0.02) compared to sham (0.04±0.02 ,p<0.05) that is restored by Lira therapy (0.02±0.01 ,p<0.05 vs sham and Ang). A radiolabeled palmitate oxidation assay found decreased palmitate oxidation in both Ang and Ang+Lira mice compared to sham, but interestingly, also demonstrated significantly lower acid soluble metabolite oxidation in the Ang+Lira mice vs. Ang alone.

 Conclusions:
 We found that Ang-treated mice accumulate myocardial Acetyl-CoA, suggesting a defect in TCA flux. Lira resolves the increase in Acetyl-CoA and improved measures of diastolic dysfunction. This data may implicate a novel metabolic pathway in the development of diastolic disease.


Abstract Based on the 1H relaxation of transverse nuclear magnetization of triblock-copolymer Pluronic F-127 in D2O, we proposed a model of the associated pluronic structure in which the polyethylene oxide of molecules in neighboring micelles are intertwined in regions of overlapping micellar coronas, while the polypropylene oxide cores of the micelles play a role of nodes in the 3D network. Graphical Abstract


In this paper, we propose a first application of data mining techniques to propositional satisfiability. Our proposed mining based compression approach aims to discover and to exploit hidden structural knowledge for reducing the size of propositional formulae in conjunctive normal form (CNF). It combines both frequent itemset mining techniques and Tseitin's encoding for a compact representation of CNF formulae. The experimental evaluation of our approach shows interesting reductions of the sizes of many application instances taken from the last SAT competitions.


Universities are funded by public means to a large extend. It's reasonable to expect that society benefits from the results. For scientific research this means that it should at least have a potential societal impact. Universities and individual investigators must explicitly consider the societal relevance of their research activities. And also report on it explicitly. Core questions are: 'Do we do the right things?' and 'Do we do them right?' This implies that next to indicators of scientific quality, attention should be given to indicators of societal relevance. This dual aim is placed in the context of current evaluation practices of academical research. A proposal for 12 indicators of societal relevance is formulated, focussing on both social-cultural value and economic value. Examples given mainly concern the health and life sciences. The paper ends by discussing the central challenges in evaluating the societal relevance of scientific research.


To investigate the effect of a reagent's rotational and vibrational excitations on the stereo-dynamics of the reaction product, the title reaction is theoretically simulated using the quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method on the 3 A ′′ and 3 A ′ potential energy surfaces (PESs). The reaction cross section is considered as the only scalar property in this work at four different collision energies. Furthermore the vector properties including two polarization-dependent differential cross sections (PDDCSs), the angular distributions of product' rotational momentum are discussed at one fixed collision energy. Effects of reagents' rotational excitation on the reaction do exist regularly.


Surface reconstruction is an important task in the field of 3d-GIS, computer aided design and computer graphics (CAD & CG), virtual simulation and so on. Based on available incremental surface reconstruction methods, a feature-constrained surface reconstruction approach for point cloud is presented. Firstly features are extracted from point cloud under the rules of curvature extremes and minimum spanning tree. By projecting local sample points to the fitted tangent planes and using extracted features to guide and constrain the process of local triangulation and surface propagation, topological relationship among sample points can be achieved. For the constructed models, a process named consistent normal adjustment and regularization is adopted to adjust normal of each face so that the correct surface model is achieved. Experiments show that the presented approach inherits the convenient implementation and high efficiency of traditional incremental surface reconstruction method, meanwhile, it avoids improper propagation of normal across sharp edges, which means the applicability of incremental surface reconstruction is greatly improved. Above all, appropriate k-neighborhood can help to recognize un-sufficient sampled areas and boundary parts, the presented approach can be used to reconstruct both open and close surfaces without additional interference.


The tight‐binding approximation is applied to a study of electronic energy bands of the boron carbide B4C crystal. The 60×60 determinantal secular equation for the energy is reduced by group‐theoretical treatments of the spatial symmetry at certain special values of the wave vector k. Calculations are carried out at two points in the Brillouin zone. At the zone center point there is a substantial energy gap, about 2.5 ev, between the occupied and unoccupied levels, and at the zone boundary point k = (π/a)(1,1,1) this gap becomes very narrow, i.e., about 1 ev. Considering compatibility relations for the types of symmetry, there may be the energy gap, being substantially broad at the zone center point and very narrow at the zone boundary point k = (π/a)(1,1,1), between the all‐filled valence and the all‐empty conduction bands, in accordance with the existence of the complicated structure, the great hardness, and the appreciable electric conductivity of this crystal.


Skin image segmentation semi-automatic algorithm for highfrequency ultrasound probes with 75 MHz has been designed. The method includes a specific image filtering procedure followed by multiframe active contour algorithm to detect borders between the epidermis and the dermis and between the dermis and subcutaneous fat tissue.


The wealth of vine varieties that used to exist in Friuli Venezia Giulia has been progressively lost. In order to ascertain the current situation regarding vine germplasm in the region, between 2001 and 2008, a wide-ranging study was conducted of recovery, conservation and molecular characterization with microsatellite markers (SSR) of accessions of minor germplasm at risk of erosion or extinction. A total of 178 accessions were analyzed and 93 varieties identified. Of these, 44 are already registered in the Italian Catalogue, 8 have been imported and are well-known foreign varieties even if not registered in the Italian Catalogue, 38 are potentially autochthonous and of these only 15 are described or at least cited in the literature; there are no hypotheses on the remaining three. In order to obtain information on possible genetic similarities, three types of software were used to process the molecular data, but only Structure allowed the existence of two principal groupings to be hypothesized for some of the presumed Friuli autochthons: one that gravitates around 'Prosecco' and the other around 'Refoscone'.


We introduce a possibly new system of orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, whose coordinate curves are logarithmic spirals in the plane, supplemented by a cylindrical coordinate for three dimensions. It is shown that plane spiral coordinates form a oneparameter family, with equal scale factors along the two orthogonal coordinate curves, and constant Christoffel symbols. The equations of magnetohydrodynamics, which include those of fluid mechanics, are written in spiral coordinates and used to find a state of magnetohydrostatic equilibrium under a radial gravity field and spiral magnetic field, and to solve the equation of non-dissipative Alfvén waves in a spiral magnetic field in terms of Bessel functions. This exact solution specifies the evolution of wave perturbations (velocity and magnetic field) and energy variables (kinetic and magnetic energy densities and energy flux) with distance, for waves of arbitrary frequency. Both the frequency and the spiral angle are varied in plots of the waveforms, which show the effect on Alfvén wave propagation of three simultaneous effects: change in the mass density of the medium and in the strength and direction of the external magnetic field.


Euler theorem is a kind of problems in number theory which is import ant in using, its testimonial of preparing theorem,make Euler theorem and Wilson theorem's proof clear and easy.


The challenge today in developing secure systems based on public key cryptography is choosing an efficient key establishment protocol. That allow two or more parties to exchange information among themselves over an adversarially controlled insecure communication channel. Key establishment protocols are broadly divided into key transport and key agreement protocols. In key transport protocols, a key is created by one entity and securely transmitted to the other entity. In key agreement protocols, both entities contribute information to generate the shared secret key. The notation used in this paper is included as following: p


This paper describes group theoretical classification of superconducting states (SC) in the extended Hubbard model with on-site repulsion (U), nearest neighbor attraction (V) and nearest neighbour exchange interaction (J) on the two-dimensional square lattice using the mean field approach. By decomposing the pairing interaction into irreducible parts; A1g, B1g and Eu of D4h point symmetry, we have derived two singlet SCs (s-wave and d-wave) from A1g and B1g, eight triplet SCs from Eu. The first three types of triplet SC have pairing by electrons with antiparallel spin, the second two types have pairing by electrons with equal spin and the last three types are non-unitary and have pairing by only up-spin electrons. We showed that three non-unitary states have to be accompanied with a ferromagnetic order from the structure of the maximal little groups. We performed numerical studies for these SCs. For parameters and electron density favorable for the ferromagnetic order, a non-unitary SC coexistent with ferromagnetism is most stable.


This letter investigates cell-level state of charge (SOC) estimation in a parallel connected lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack under a reduced sensing scenario. The internal states of individual cells within a battery pack are likely to differ due to cell inconsistencies caused by manufacturing tolerances and usage conditions. This creates a need for cell-level estimation in a parallel connected battery pack. The dynamics of parallel connected battery packs require solving differential algebraic equations (DAEs). This letter considers the reduced sensing scenario, measuring only the total current and voltage for estimating individual cell SOCs and local currents in a battery pack. A novel functional observer, designed under milder conditions, is proposed and the observer design is formulated in terms of a feasible linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem. In the simulation, the SOC of two cylindrical Li-ion battery cells are estimated, and the results illustrate a fast convergence and hence the effectiveness of our approach.


This study aimed to investigate the effects of somatotypes and body-related variables such as body exposure and body satisfaction on underwear evaluative criteria. Usable questionnaires were obtained from a total of 250 male and female students in their 20s. The data were mainly analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and analysis of variance using SPSS ver. 21.0. The results of this study are as follows: First, differences between underwear and outerwear evaluative criteria were found. For example, size, comfort and washing were important for the underwear but design, brand and fashionability were meaningful for outerwear. Price, color, material, and sewing were important for both outerwear and underwear. Second, the groups divided by somatotypes, a thin person group, a moderate person group and a fat person group, showed no difference in underwear evaluative criteria. Members of all the somatotype groups evaluated underwear similarly. Third, the groups divided by body image distortion showed different evaluative criteria for underwear. The negative discordance group emphasized the importance of the practicality factor, but the positive discordance group stressed the significance of the symbolism factor. Finally, the groups divided by body exposure and body satisfaction showed different evaluative criteria for underwear, too. The effects of socio-cultural variables on the underwear evaluative criteria proved to be significant.


The bio electrical impedance measurement is the basis of the impedance plethysmography or electrical impedance tomography(EIT). In order to measure the bio electrical impedance, a safe AC stimulus signal is applied to the measured object, and the amplitude or/and phase of the response signal to the stimulus must be demodulated. The common used hardware demodulation techniques are Rectifiers, Switching demodulators, and Multipliers. All of them need a low pass filter(LPF) so that the stimulus frequency or its twice frequency signals can be filtered out. The LPF may worsen the dynamic response of the bio impedance measurement system, and the above demodulation techniques are not suitable for the high speed and multi channel measurements. So a new high speed demodulation method based on Sample and Hold (S/H) techniques was designed, the LPF is not needed in this method. It can demodulate the impedance information in a single signal cycle and has the features of high speed and phase sensitive demodulation. The technique greatly improves the dynamic response of the measurement system.


HIV is continuum of progressive damage traversed through survival time. Using data from 204 positive women and men, we carried-out survival analysis using Kaplan– Meier curves, Cox proportional hazard regression and Markov-chain model to map CD4 progression and health-condition outcomes. Progression was better among nondefaulters {adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]-0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.31 (Log rank p<0.001) (chi2=73.62, p<0.001)}, those with higher self-perceived adherence and early initiation of ART. TB-HIV co-infection translated in lower progression and even lower among women [AHR]-0.08, 95% CI 0.02–0.28; Log rank p<0.001) (chi2=71.72, p<0.001). Similar result was observed in women who reported side effects and who defaulted treatment. Immune reconstitution emerged strongly from Markov-chain model, with striking gender gap. Probability of women maintaining working condition was quite low (0.88) as compared to men (0.94). Transition to better health from bed-ridden state was also lower among women. A health-care delivery gender-responsive.


This study examines characteristics of 90 female sexual offenders based on offense and personality traits. The study uses latent profile analysis to identify groups of female sex offenders who are similar to one another and different from participants in other groups. Results using the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) indicate that there were three classes of offenders that differed with respect to the severity of their psychopathology. Upon analysis of predictors such as demographic information, offense characteristics, selected Trauma Symptom Inventory scores, Static-99 scores, abuse history, and PAI supplemental scales, several factors predicted group membership. These included marital status, sexual abuse in adulthood, and interpersonal relationship styles. Implications for assessment and treatment of female sex offenders are discussed.


X-ray lithography with a wet-silylated and dry-developed resist has been investigated in order to overcome pattern collapse during wet development and to delineate fine-pitch and high-aspect-ratio patterns. In addition, the applicability to sub-0.1 µ m patterning is discussed. Silylation solution consists of B[DMA]DS (bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane) or HMCTS (hexamethylcyclotrisilazane) as the silylating agent, MCA (methyl cellosolve acetate) as the diffusion promoter and a solvent xylene. Silylation characterization and determination of optimum composition of the silylation solution have been performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurement. Using the optimal wet-silylation and dry-developed resist system, 0.15 µ m line-and-space patterns of 1 µ m-thick resist (aspect ratio=6.5) and 0.08 µ m line-and-space patterns of 0.5 µ m-thick resist (aspect ratio=6) can be successfully delineated.


The 21st century is an innovative century;its core is the innovation,development,spread and application of knowledge.The innovative century needs innovative talents.The competition of national power is the competition of knowledge,technological and ideological innovation by nature,which actually is the competition of talents.Therefore,to cultivate innovative talents has become the problem that every country is focusing on and trying to solve.College students are the future constructors and successors of our socialist career,and to cultivate college students′ innovative ability is the basic mission of higher education.To cultivate college students′ innovative ability is also the first task of educators.


The expression of affect through the facial-mimetic musculature originates as an archaic and infantile mode of expression, conveying the biologically inherited and environmentally determined aspects of the individual. Fenichel states that among adults i t still governs many of their relations with one another. "Even when full emotional spells have become rare, the facial expression signifies an involuntary equivalent of affects w:iich, by means of empathy, informs spectators of the nature of the subject's feelings" (1). In addition, the connection of facial-mimetic expressions with early ' ego development and object relationship in infants has been discussed by Spitz and Wolf (4), Hendrick (2), and Kris (3) in regard to smiling and laughing. Specific facial-mimetic expressions thereby assume the role of an important psychic function, and because of this need to be subjected to analysis. They offer a readily available source of learning something of. the vicissitudes of the individual's development, even though the patient's position on the couch does not permit a full view of his face, Pouting falls into this category of behavior, combining a mimetic muscular attitude, the expression of the affcct of sullenness, and silence. The verb "pout" is defined as follows: "To thrust out the lips, as in displeasure; hence, to look sullen" (5). The analyst often is rewarded with a lucid insight into the development of a particular phenomenon, which in turn furthers


In March, I attended the SACEMA course Individual-Based Modelling in Epidemiology: A Practical Introduction. As I sat in class, my recent training and experience in the more traditional ordinary differential equation (ODE) models was still very fresh in my mind. However, as part of my own learning process, I had dabbled in formulating simple individual-based models (IBMs) alongside ODE models, and was keen to find out more about when and how they are used to model the transmission of infectious diseases.


This study of the invocations in Paradise Lost attempts to examine the aspects of poetic pride in Milton's efforts to "assert eternal providence,/ And justify the ways of God to men." As Walter Schindler points out, the study of the invocations are important to any study of Milton's poetics because they are not only important markers of major shifts within the epic but defines the epic voices itself. Thus, the poet's stance adopted in the invocations, guides and shapes the larger narrative sections of the poem. Because the poem begins with an invocation that was overly bold in claiming divine inspiration and prophetic powers, it leaves itself open to charges of poetic pride and satanic hubris. A careful examination of all four invocations in the poem, however, reveals a underlying message of humility, patience and sufferance instead. Beginning with prideful ambition, there is a pattern of progressive downward movement in the tone of the invocation, moving from visions of grandeur and the sublime to a more subdued and humble voice at the end. This changes in the poetic voice, I would argue, can be linked to Milton's overall message of "patience and heroic martyrdom" (PL 9.32) in Paradise Lost.


{We report on the first of a series of studies on coronal bright points investigating the physical mechanism that generates these phenomena.} {The aim of this paper is to understand the magnetic-field structure that hosts the bright points.} {We use longitudinal magnetograms taken by the Solar Optical Telescope with the Narrowband Filter Imager. For a single case, magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager were added to the analysis. The longitudinal magnetic field component is used to derive the potential magnetic fields of the large regions around the bright points. A magneto-static field extrapolation method is tested to verify the accuracy of the potential field modelling. The three dimensional magnetic fields are investigated for the presence of magnetic null points and their influence on the local magnetic domain.} {In 9 out of 10 cases the bright point resides in areas where the coronal magnetic field contains an opposite polarity intrusion defining a magnetic null point above it. It is found that X-ray bright points reside, in these 9 cases, in a limited part of the projected fan dome area, either fully inside the dome or expanding over a limited area below which typically a dominant flux concentration resides. The 10th bright point is located in a bipolar loop system without an overlying null point.} {All bright points in coronal holes and two out of tree bright points in quiet Sun regions are seen to reside in regions containing a magnetic null point. An yet unidentified process(es) generates the BPs in specific regions of the fan-dome structure. }


This study was conducted to evaluate the current situation, practices of segregation approaches, storage managements, collection and disposal system, awareness about hospital waste and impact on environment in Faisalabad city. This study was conducted in major hospitals of Faisalabad city which are generating massive waste. This investigation focused on different types of waste generated by hospitals in Faisalabad city. The universe of the present study was consisted on sanitary workers of the hospitals. A sample of 120 respondents selected randomly out of 350. Interview schedule was used to collect the data. Data exhibited that majority of the sanitary workers is untrained and they have no knowledge about environment protection act and hospital waste management rules. Medical Waste is not being segregated. It is suggested that sanitary worker should have trained, have batter knowledge about hospital waste management. There should be enforcement of waste management laws and Environmental protection act.
 DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n2p161


The purposes of the western and eastern research are different. The difference is between "seeking for knowledge" and "seeking for application" and between "seeking for rules"and "seeking for facts". There are also differences between the ways of doing research: "learning" and "skill", "broad" and "specialized". The source of the differences is he different ways of thinking, different academic origin, different ways of education and different national characteristics. The traditional Chinese academic research should on one hand inherit its precious academic traditions abandoning the non-scientific elements, on he other hand absorb the valuable theories and ways of the western academic research to improve the scientific level of the Chinese academic research.


The four articles in this special section introduce the microanalysis of face-toface dialogue as a research method that can broaden the current evidence base to encompass the details of communication between therapist and client. Because microanalysis is the reliable, moment-by-moment observation of actual communication sequences, it is also directly related to practice, training, and supervision.


Summary In ADP-refractory rat platelets, thrombin-induced aggregation is enhanced in the presence of ADP and inhibited in the absence of ADP. Two mechanisms are proposed for thrombin-induced platelet aggregation: one through ADP release which may become refractory, and a second mechanism in which thrombin acts synergistieally with ADP.


Published in Melammu Symposia 5: Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.), Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World. Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Symposium of the Assyrian and Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project. Held in Innsbruck, Austria, October 3rd-8th, 2002 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2004), pp. 137-51. Publisher: http://www.steiner-verlag.de/


Chapter 1 Introduction Part 2 Kierkegaard Chapter 3 The Knight of Faith Chapter 4 The Sickness unto Death: Critique of the Modern Age Part 5 Nietzsche Chapter 6 A More Severe Morality: Nietzsche's Affirmative Ethics Chapter 7 How One Becomes What One Is Part 8 Heidegger Chapter 9 Intentionality and World: Division I of Being and Time Chapter 10 Becoming a Self: The Role of Authenticity in Being and Time Part 11 Sartre Chapter 12 Sartre's Early Ethics and the Ontology of Being and Nothingness Chapter 13 The Sartrean Cogito: A Journey between Versions


This paper analyzes the links between cash flow rights, control rights and property rights in situations where a firm's security holders can manipulate earnings (intertemporal substitution). It is shown that the allocation of these rights a¤ects the incentives of claimholders when intertemporal substitution activities are numerous and cannot be contracted ex-ante. The main results we obtain are: 1) current cash flow rights and residual property rights are connected through the rule of marginal revenues; 2) the allocation of control rights does not necessarily coincide with the allocation of residual property rights; 3) when current cash flow rights are two-part linear, and in some cases when they are three-part linear, the problem of earnings manipulation can be eliminated through the appropriate design of property rights. However, for some contracts earnings manipulation is unavoidable. This theory provides new insights into the link between different rights of the holders of securities.


To evaluate the current literature on the effect of ICU diaries on the quality of life of ICU survivors and their relatives.


In this paper, we present an approach to nonlinear system approximation, called the lattice trajectory piecewise linear (LTPWL) model. The approach involves determining a lattice piecewise linear (PWL) approximation to the state trajectory of a nonlinear system. It has been shown in the literature that the lattice PWL expression can represent any PWL function in any dimension. After the LTPWL approximation has been obtained, the order of each model piece is reduced using a Krylov projection technique. Compared to existing trajectory piecewise linear (TPWL) models, which are quasi-PWL in the whole region, LTPWL models are virtually linear in each subregion. Besides, the single output LTPWL model can be seen as a special kind of TPWL model, in which only one weight is 1, and the other weights are 0. In general, for multiple output LTPWL model, the weights set to be 1 for each component are different, which makes the LTPWL model more flexible in approximation of nonlinear function. The proposed strategy is applied to simulate diode circuits, and the experimental results show that the performance of the LTPWL model is better than that of the traditional TPWL model in terms of approximation accuracy and generalization ability.


Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine (ISSN: 1948-593X) Hilaris
publication, is a worldwide conspicuous journal focusing on considers
relating to Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy, Negative
results of Biomedicine, Molecular Epidomology, Nanomedicine, Drug
Development, Toxicology, Biomarkers is toxicology, Spectroscopic &
Chromatographic techniques etc.
It is an open access and peer reviewed journal by famous Editorial
Board and the manuscripts are peer-reviewed by potential reviewers as
indicated by their research interest.


Physiological and behavioural responses to stressors may affect experimental results. Since individual animals differ in their pattern of response to stressors, it is suggested that stress during experiments has the potential for increasing variability in responses to experimental treatments. Evidence supporting this is given from experiments carried out on farm animals. The main factors accounting for individual differences in response to stressors such as handling are habituation, early experiences and genetic background. Several ways of reducing stress during experiments are suggested and the need for skilful and humane handling is emphasized. It is concluded that reducing stress during experiments will have welfare benefits and may reduce the number of animals that need to be used.


This article presents a novel multiobjective system level optimization method to achieve the best performance of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive systems. First, the multiobjective optimization problem for the SRM drive systems is defined. Then, all parameters of the drive systems, including the motor level and control level, are divided into three subspaces according to their influences on the objectives. Finally, the optimization of each subspace is performed sequentially until a convergence criterion is met. Then, the optimal solution can be chosen from the Pareto solutions according to a selection criterion. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis, the approximate models, and the genetic algorithm are employed to reduce the computation cost. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, an SRM drive system with a segmented-rotor SRM (SSRM) and the angle position control method is investigated. This is a high-dimensional system level optimization problem with ten parameters. The finite-element model (FEM) results are verified by the experiment results. The optimal solution has been listed and verified by the FEM. From the discussion, it can be found that the proposed optimization method is efficient and optimized SSRM drive system has high efficiency and low torque ripple.


Dear Sir, Since my last letter, being employed in the prosecution of my experiments upon light, I was struck with a very beautiful, and what to me appeared to be a new appearance. Desirous of comparing the intensity of the light of a clear sky, by day, with that of a common wax candle, I darkened my room, and letting the daylight from the north, coming through a hole near the top of the window-shutter, fall at an angle of about 70° upon a sheet of very fine white paper, I placed a burning wax candle in such a position that its rays fell upon the same paper, and as near as I could guess, in the line of reflection of the rays of daylight from without; when interposing a cylinder of wood, about half an inch in diameter, before the centre of the paper, and at the distance of about two inches from its surface, I was much surprised to find that the two shadows projected by the cylinder upon the paper, instead of being merely shades without colour, as I expected, the one of them, that which, corresponding with the beam of daylight, was illuminated by the candle, was yellow; while the other, corresponding to the light of the candle, and consequently illuminated by the light of the heavens, was of the most beautiful blue that it is possible to imagine. This appearance, which was not only unexpected, but was really in itself in the highest degree striking and beautiful, I found, upon repeated trials, and after varying the experiment in every way I could think of, to be so perfectly permanent, that it is absolutely impossible to produce two shadows at the same time from the same body, the one answering to a beam of daylight, and the other to the light of a candle or lamp, without these shadows being coloured, the one yellow and the other blue. The experiment may very easily be made at any time by day, and almost in any place, and even by a person not in the least degree versed in experimental researches. Nothing more is necessary for that purpose than to take a burning candle into a darkened room in the day time, and open one of the window-shutters a little, about half or three quarters of an inch for instance; when the candle being placed upon a table or stand, or given to an assistant to hold, in such a situation that the rays from the candle may meet those of daylight from without, at an angle of about 40°, at the surface of a sheet of white paper, held in a proper position to receive them, any solid opaque body, a cylinder, or even a finger, held before the paper, at the distance of two or three inches, will project two shadows upon the paper, the one blue, and the other yellow.


The current study brings up through 1970 the cost-of-research index that was published in Operations Research 14, 977–991 (1966). This paper points out various economic aspects and effects of the R&D fluctuations between 1965 and 1970 within the framework of the index pattern for the twenty-year period 1950–1970. The objective of the index is to provide a measure of (l) the change in the cost of a technical man-year of research in the US, and (2) the change in the amount of research and development (R&D) effort in terms of technical man-years of effort applied to it as derived from total dollars spent on R&D. The index is a tool to be utilized in determining the rate of change in costs per technical man-year in R&D and for use in R&D planning and budgeting.


An equation of state (EOS) based on Yukawa and dipolar Yukawa potentials is presented. It is extended to chainlike and associating fluids in the framework of statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT). The EOS is applied to 42 pure real fluids (including nonpolar, polar, and associating fluids) and has a good description of saturated pressures and coexistence curves for these fluids, except very near to the critical point. The parameters for each fluid are regressed from experimental data. Some comparisons among this work, the original SAFT, and the Lennard-Jones (LJ)-based SAFT are carried out. The performance for real polar fluids is also compared between the dipolar Yukawa fluids (DYF) and the Stockmayer fluids (STMF).


Dynamic measurements were made with a controlled stress rheometer to study the viscoelastic properties (G', G', δ) of wheat doughs (45% wb water content) for fresh pasta production prepared with different blends of durum wheat semolina and common wheat flour with different concentrations of sodium chloride. Increasing the semolina and sodium chloride content, increased the strength and the solid-like behaviour of semolina-flour blends. The physical properties of dough were strongly dependent on particle size distribution and salt addition. By manipulating semolina-flour ratio and ionic strength, it was possible to obtain semolina-flour doughs with a rheological behaviour close to that of pure semolina dough.


As the development of science and technology in our country poses new requirements on the cultivation of innovative abilities of college students,to strengthen the designing and integrated experiments is an effective way to improve students' innovative abilities.After introducing the meaning and levels of integrated and designing experiments,the conditions and demands they require,as well as the cases to be conducted,the paper puts forward measures of further development of such experiments.


Ruby-red crystals of Ag2Bi2S3Cl2 were synthesized from AgCl and Bi2S3 by cooling a melt from 770 K to room temperature. X-ray diffraction on powders and single-crystals revealed a triclinic crystal structure with special lattice constants (P &1macr; (No. 2), a = 1085.0(2), b = 717.2(1), c = 1137.6(1) pm, α = 89.80(1)?, β = 74.80(1)?, γ = 87.81(1)?). In the structure [BiIIIS3Cl4] polyhedra form 2[BiS3/2Cl4/4]- double-layers by sharing common faces and edges. The silver(I) cations between the layers are coordinated either octahedrally by sulfide ions or tetrahedrally by sulfide and chloride ions. The deviations from the monoclinic space group P 1 21/c 1 are small and induce twinning along [010]. Further pseudosymmetry is based on the stacking of layer packages with the symmetry of the layer group P (2/c) 21/c 2/b.


Objective:To investigate the effects of acupuncture at Xiaguan(ST 7)on cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in Beagle dogs.Methods:Twenty adult Beagle dogs were randomly divided into acupuncture group(n=8),sham group(n=6)and control group(n=6).Cerebral vasospasm was duplicated in all dogs by double injection of autoblood into cisterna magna.After successful establishment of model,concentric bipolar electric needles were surgically implanted into left Xiaguan(ST7)point in the acupuncture group,same surgical incision as acupuncture group in the sham group,and no intervention in the control group.From the 4th day,the three groups were treated respectively.The food intake,nerve function,DSA and TCD were continuously examined and assessed before and after treatment.Results:After treatment,in the acupuncture group the food intake and nerve function were improved(P0.05);the middle cerebral artery and basilar artery were dilated(P0.05), and the blood flow in the middle cerebral artery were accelerated(P0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture at Xiaguan(ST 7)is quite effective to relieve cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.


Rationale: Free sugars are dietary monosaccharide (glucose, fructose, galactose etc.) that are absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion. The fructans are however not easily absorbed. Both types have a wide range of health benefits. Fruit is known to be a rich source of these classes of carbohydrates.
Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate free sugars and fructans in commonly consumed fruits in Maiduguri metropolis of North East Nigeria with a view to developing for the first time a food compositional table which reflects the presence and amounts of specific free sugars and fermentable oligosaccharides (fructans) in fruits within the study area.
Methodology: Twenty-two (22) fruits samples were collected and processed. Free sugars and fructan contents in the fruits were determined using the Megazyme K-SUFRG and K-FRUC assay kits.
Results: All the twenty-two fruits analyzed showed the presence of free glucose with tamarind (Tamarindus indica) showing the highest concentration, followed by sweet melon (Curcumas melon) and desert palm (Balanite aegyptiaca) respectively. Sweet detar (Detarium microcapum) had the lowest free glucose content of 0.01 g/100 g. On the contrary, only 50% of the total fruits studied had some detectable free fructose and sucrose. Free fructose content in oranges>African locust bean>desert date (3.34 g/100 g>1.09 g/100 g>0.82 g/100 g). The amount of sucrose in plantain (Musa paradisiaca) was 20.01 g/100 g which is 2-folds higher than its contents in Chris thorn (Zizipus spinacristi). Daleb Palm (Borassus aethiopum) was found to be rich in fructans followed closely by bananas and plantains. All other fruits studied showed less than 0.9% of fructan contents.
Conclusion: Information from this study provides a useful document for the development of food composition table that is reflective of the free sugars and fructan contents of fruits consumed within the region.


Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs), such as Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are versatile tools, suitable for many activities in different fields, and have seen an increase in usage, making them an area of interest in the study of robotics. The performance of any underwater vehicle in any given task is deeply affected by the precision of its localization system. The main challenge in underwater localization is the significant attenuation of any Radio Frequency (RF) signal underwater, which prevents the use of many common location methods such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). Many methods have been studied for the localization of UUVs, including the use of acoustic beacons. One of these methods is the use of a single moving beacon to obtain acoustic ranges, as opposed to a stationary single beacon, which restricts the UUV's trajectory or multiple beacons, involving more hardware, complicating missions' logistics and increasing costs. In this paper, a guidance algorithm based on the Fisher Information Matrix is proposed for an Autonomous Surface Vehicle to serve as a beacon vehicle and aid in the navigation of a UUV. The approach performances are assessed by means of simulations of the complete system under realistic conditions.


In the title compound, N-(6-chloro-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide, C11H12ClN5O2, the rings in the pterin moiety are planar. The amide carbonyl O atom is in syn-periplanar conformation while the C—N—C—C propanamide linkage is antiperiplanar. The N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds transform the molecules into infinite chains.


The redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines in gravitational fields of photon stars are studied when the observing and emitting points of the spectral lines locate at different positions. And the motion of mass-points is also studied. The studies show that the redshift and the blueshift of spectral lines in gravitational fields of photon stars can be arbitrarily positive, and the motion of mass-points in gravitational fields of photon stars can be used to determine the mass of photon stars.


The results of a combined magnetic fabric and sedimentological investigation of trench and ridge structures along the foreslope of the Fraser Delta, British Columbia, indicate that turbidity currents are the likely origin of slope morphology. Evidence includes multiple and repetitive sequences of graded beds where trench and ridge structures are most pronounced and abundant. Distal to this region are fewer graded bedding sequences and increased evidence of hemipelagic deposition. A magnetic fabric analysis of cored sediments supports these conclusions. Stereographic projections of AMS ellipsoids from graded beds extracted from the mid-slope display characteristic turbidite relationships, whereas distal cores display hemipelagic relationships. In addition, a relative paleointensity investigation shows that deposition rates in the region of turbidite deposition are nearly an order of magnitude greater than at distal cores dominated by hemipelagic deposition. The results of this investigation suggest a foreslope sedimentation pattern of quiescent deposition punctuated by turbidite events, and evokes turbidites as the prime former of anomalous morphology. When analyzed in conjunction with sedimentological and magnetic results, turbidite influence along the foreslope appears to extend to a depth of approximately 130 meter below sea level.