In the wake of the ECJ decisions in Centros, Uberseering and Inspire Art it is now possible to set up an English limited company which conducts its business solely elsewhere (pseudo-foreign company), without subjecting the company to the domestic company law of the Member State in which it intends to do business. This recent development also has an impact on cross-border groups: It provides a route to avoid domestic corporate group law, especially the highly restrictive German Konzernrecht (forum shopping). However, if English law proves to be deficient in that area, the domestic law of the Member State in which the English subsidiary conducts its business may be imposed (Gebhard-test). Therefore, this essay firstly analyses the effectiveness of English creditor protection law in the corporate group context. It will come to the conclusion that the current state of English law is largely unsatisfactory. Especially the English wrongful trading rule (s. 214 IA 1986) has failed to address the corporate group problem adequately. Although the provision is drafted broadly enough, too many conditions need to be fulfilled to regard a parent company as a shadow director. The major shortcoming of all statutory remedies (capital maintenance rules and insolvency claw back provisions) is that they appear to adopt a monotransactional approach. Thus, there is a good chance that the ECJ will accept that some German company law rules are imposed on English "pseudo-foreign" group companies to fill in the perceived gaps. In a second step it is analysed which domestic company law rules can be imposed in particular. It is argued that the German liability for cold liquidation (Existenzvernichtungshaftung) and the German insolvency rules on phantom equity are applicable.


Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Gaertn) were used as materials to study plant self-defensive strategies against oxidative stress and pathogen infection during seed germination. Sprout development induced hull structure split, membrane degradation and tissue injury, accompanied with production of a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2 ), hydroxyl radical (·OH), alkoxyl radical (R·) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Therefore, buckwheat sprouts had to face both oxidative stress and environment pathogen aggression during the course of malting. To analyze the antioxidant capacity of ROS by buckwheat seeds, the activity of four kinds of antioxidant enzyme was studied, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. Scavenging effects of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals were also investigated. Both gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis) were applied to detect antibacterial activity of the germinated seeds against microorganism pathogen infection. Ethanolic extracts of flavonoids from germinated seeds revealed an obvious anti-tumor activity against human lung carcinoma cell line by MTT assay. Our research in this paper indicated that through long term evolution, buckwheat had already developed advanced strategies to repair inner injury and to resist the outer environmental risks during seed germination. The enriched production of flavonoids in the germinating stage might quite possibly be applied in clinical field to deal with lung cancer.


In evolutionary algorithms, the typical post-processing phase involves selection of the best-of-run individual, which becomes the final outcome of the evolutionary run. Trivial for deterministic problems, this task can get computationally demanding in noisy environments. A typical naive procedure used in practice is to repeat the evaluation of each individual for the fixed number of times and select the one with the highest average. In this paper, we consider several algorithms that can adaptively choose individuals to evaluate basing on the results evaluations which have already been performed. The procedures are designed without any specific assumption about noise distribution. In the experimental part, we compare our algorithms with the naive and optimal procedures, and find out that the performance of typically used naive algorithm is poor even for relatively moderate noise. We also show that one of our algorithms is nearly optimal for most of the examined situations.


We present a motion planning method based on nonlinear optimization to provide reference trajectories for a robotic spacecraft approaching a non-cooperative target satellite. We perform a first investigation of a planning method containing an offline and an online element which can be used to provide reference trajectories in a useful time. The method capabilities include identifying feasible solutions in the presence of a non-static obstacle space and the treatment of a Target satellite in any general tumbling state with angular velocities less than $5$ deg/s. We use a safety metric defined as the time-to-collision (ttc) with the Target satellite and show that the planning method can find the global minima for the defined problem within $50$ min. The approach maneuver is parametrized using a 6 degree of freedom (dof) task space which describes the final position of the grasping point on the Target satellite and the satellite's final angular velocity. First a global search composed of a coarse, randomized optimization plus a finer smoothing is performed, then the online algorithm interpolates between the pre-computed solutions and provides the reference trajectory to an on-board controller. An estimate for the offline computation times, up to 6 days for a sparse discretization, shows that in the presence of inertia uncertainties of the Target satellite, using parallelized optimization in an online global search can provide solutions on the order of minutes and is more attractive.


Recent calculations on the nonlinear saturation spectrum of the parametric decay instability are described. The initial calculations did not use the correct expression for the spontaneous emission term and were aimed at obtaining the distribution of spectral energy in the unstable part of wave vector space. Results of those initial calculations are combined here with the correct expression for the spontaneous emission term to obtain the distribution of spectral energy in the stable part of wave vector space. These latter calculations are believed to be relevant to the interpretation of the so called plasma line spectra obtained in ionospheric heating experiments at Arecibo, Puerto Rico.


Taking a closing elastic thin wall tu be within preparing higher pressure air as loaded component,dis-cusses the influence of value of prep aring pressure on mechanical properties of this component.By the action of outside load the cubage of this tube c an change with distortion,thereby t he pressure of inside air may transfo rm,the stress and distortion of the tube may be infected,and the stiffness is con stant no longer.In this paper the change of stiffness of the closing elastic thi n wall tube with inside pressure by th e action of axial load is analyzed.


Alz‐50 and MC‐1 monoclonal antibody reactivity is dependent on both the extreme N‐terminus of tau (residues 7–9) and a 30–amino acid sequence of tau (amino acids 312–342) in the third microtubule binding domain, suggesting that the specificity of the Alz‐50 and MC‐1 antibodies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological tau lies in their ability to recognize a specific conformation of the tau molecule in AD. The present study uses deletional and site‐directed mutants of tau to further refine the C‐terminal (third microtubule binding domain) epitope requirements for Alz‐50, MC‐1, and several new antibodies that recognize similar epitopes in tau to amino acids 313–322 of tau, and to demonstrate that intervening portions of the tau molecule are not required for the formation of conformational variants of tau similar to those seen in AD. Further analysis of deletional and site‐directed mutations of tau demonstrate subtle variations in the epitope requirements for Alz‐50, MC‐1, CP‐1, CP‐2, and CP‐28, suggesting that these antibodies, albeit different, all recognize a similar pathological conformation of tau. Additional experiments using synthetic peptides demonstrate that the NH2‐terminal (amino acids 1–18) and COOH‐terminal (amino acids 309–326) portions of the Alz‐50, MC‐1, CP‐1, CP‐2, and CP‐28 epitopes can interact with high affinity under near physiological conditions. J. Neurosci. Res. 56:713–723, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A statistical model for the intensity of the strongest hurricanes has been developed and a new methodology introducedforestimatingthesensitivityofthestrongesthurricanestochangesinseasurfacetemperature.Here, the authors use this methodology on observed hurricanes and hurricanes generated from two global climate models (GCMs). Hurricanes over the North Atlantic Ocean during the period 1981‐2010 show a sensitivity of 7.9 6 1.19ms 21 K 21 (standard error; SE) when over seas warmer than 258C. In contrast, hurricanes over the same region and period generated from the GFDL High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) show a significantly lower sensitivity with the highest at 1.8 6 0.42ms 21 K 21 (SE). Similar weaker sensitivity is found using hurricanes generated from the Florida State University Center for Ocean‐Atmospheric Prediction Studies (FSU-COAPS) model with the highest at 2.9 6 2.64ms 21 K 21 (SE). A statistical refinement of HiRAM-generated hurricane intensities heightens the sensitivity to amaximum of6.9 63.33ms 21 K 21 (SE), but the increase is offset by additional uncertainty associated with the refinement. Results suggest that the caution that should be exercised when interpreting GCM scenarios of future hurricane intensity stems from the low sensitivity of limiting GCM-generated hurricane intensity to ocean temperature.


During chronic HIV-1 infection, continuing viral replication is associated with impaired proliferative capacity of virus-specific CD8 (cid:1) T cells and with the expansion and persistence of oligoclonal T cell populations. TCR usage may significantly influence CD8 (cid:1) T cell-mediated control of AIDS viruses; however, the potential to modulate the repertoire of functional virus-specific T cells by immunotherapy has not been explored. To investigate this, we analyzed the TCR V (cid:2) usage of CD8 (cid:1) T cells populations which were expanded following vaccination with modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing a HIV-1 gag/multiepitope immunogen (MVA.HIVA) in HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Vaccinations induced the re-expansion of HIV-1-specific CD8 (cid:1) T cells and these showed broad TCR V (cid:2) usage which was maintained for at least 1 year in some individuals. By contrast, virus-specific CD8 (cid:1) T cell populations in the same donors which failed to expand after vaccination and in unvaccinated controls were oligoclonal. Simultaneously, we observed that CD8 (cid:1) T cells recognizing vaccine-derived HIV-1 epitopes displayed enhanced capacity to proliferate and to inhibit HIV-1 replication in vitro, following MVA.HIVA immunizations. Taken together, these data indicate that an attenuated viral-vectored vaccine can modulate adaptive CD8 (cid:1) T cell responses to HIV-1


Objective: To provide evidence for the application of icariin to periodontal disease by exploring the effects of icariin on the expressions of osteocalcin(OCN) in human periodontal ligament cells. Methods: Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured in vitro. Under the conditions of induced mineralization, the cells of generation three were dealt with icariin in different concentrations(10~0.001μg/mL), the levels of OCN were detected by Elisa. Results: Compared with the control group, the expressions of OCN in the group of 1~0.01 μg/mL were increased remarkably when human periodontal ligament cells were dealt with icariin in different concentrations after 72 hours(P0.05); the expressions of OCN in the group of 10μg/mL were less than the control group, the difference had statistical meaning(P0.05). Conclusion: icariin in a certain concentrations could promote osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells.


Shelf-life of pate (salad in Israel) made by blending fried chicken liver and onions with hard-boiled eggs was extended, from 6 days in air to 14 days by Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), using high CO 2 /low O 2 mixtures. Aerobic microbial growth, mainly B. subtilis, and lipid oxidation (as TBA values) were largely inhibited, during 14 days, and odour up to 8 days (not tested beyond). The microbial growth inhibition was due to high CO 2 levels. Oxidation was prevented due to microbial inhibition and not due to reduced O 2


It is shown that even for pronouncedly anisotropic dipole molecules the mean polarizability in a homogeneous external electrical field, provided there is no saturation, is practically equal to (α1 + α2 + α3)/3 where α1, α2 and α3 are the polarizabilities in the three main directions.


Australian Indigenous people experience severe labour market disadvantage due to constraints embedded in technology, inclination to work, formal education, lack of job experience as well as geographic factors. Indigenous precarious employment grows in prominence when there is an absence of jobs and particularly in remote regions of Australia where intergenerational unemployment is the norm. In the remote Gove Peninsula of the Northern Territory of Australia many English illiterate and innumerate people, without previous employment, have overcome vulnerability to employment by engaging with an educational vocational scheme in a networking arrangement with government agencies and the resident mining corporation Rio Tinto. This paper voices the Indigenous work relevant accomplishments during the two and one half years after installment of the programme, that is grounded in the interests and sensitivity to cultural continuities of the local Yolngu people.


UEG Week has grown to one of the largest and most important international meetings in gastroenterology and hepatology. The great success is due to the high level of the scientific programme in terms of basic and clinical research as well as education focused on the best care of patients. Participation from leading experts, young researchers and attendees from around the world allow exchange of ideas and experiences in a unique international and multicultural atmosphere. Evaluation of previous UEG Weeks showed that endoscopy plays a major role in clinical science and education. It is one of the topics which have been selected as the main reason to attend the meeting. However endoscopy should not be considered as a specialty which is separated from other topics in gastroenterology but is becoming increasingly integrated in a multi-disciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Modern changes in flexible endoscopy have been mainlydrivenbyavarietyofnew indications, technologies and economics. The selection of diagnostic endoscopic methods depends on the clinical setting which includes screening, surveillance of risk conditions for neoplasia or evaluation of symptomatic patients. The accuracy of lesion detection and characterisation has been increased by advanced imaging including panoramic view endoscopy and confocal endo-microscopy. Therapeutic progress has been made with regard to curative treatment of early GI neoplasia, benign andmalignant gastrointestinal strictures, bleeding and management of complex of pancreatobiliary diseases. Selected areas of research are endoscopic treatment of obesity, reflux disease, motility and even metabolic disorders. In consideration of this rapid progress in endoscopy, UEGWeek 2014 offers a wide range of scientific and educational sessions for presentation of new technologies and procedures. Depending on the topic they will be either dedicated to endoscopy alone or integrated within a multi-disciplinary approach to GI disease as an alternative or complementary procedure to other diagnostic or therapeutic modalities. In addition to invited lectures, original presentations will be introduced by short lectures from experts in the specific field. Endoscopy and associated specialties will be also well represented in the poster exhibition. Poster Rounds will stimulate interactive discussions. The best posters will be selected by lead judges for poster champ sessions where authors will have the opportunity to summarize their work in short lectures followed by discussions in small groups. In addition, always well attended special sessions will be dedicated to the best selected videos on new technologies, endoscopic methods and hybrid procedures. The presentations will be accompanied by moderation with experts who will facilitate interaction with questions and answers from attendees. Another attractive feature is a joint symposium of Japanese and European endoscopists. Talks on specific topics will be delivered by young researches. This session allows exchangeof ideas, new concepts and interim results of ongoing trials between Eastern and Western endoscopists. We can learn from each other in terms of research and further development of endoscopy for management of various gastrointestinal and biliopancreatic diseases. One of the highlights of UEG Week 2014 will be live-demonstrations transmitted from the University Hospital in Vienna. World renowned experts will perform standard and advanced endoscopic procedures in selected patients. Interactive discussions between endoscopists, moderators and attendees are an important part of these sessions. The live sessions are complemented by the learning area organized by the ESGE which has been well established at UEG Week. Pre-registered participants can perform a large variety of endoscopic and sonographically guided procedures in models. Expert endoscopists and nurses teach young gastroenterologists as well as experienced colleagues in basic, advanced and new techniques and application of new devices. This broad spectrum of scientific and educational sessions offer therefore a unique chance for presentations, interactive discussions and teaching the latest techniques and an evidence-based approach to GI diseases in a multidisciplinary setting. You should not miss this opportunity – come and attend UEG Week 2014 in the cosmopolitan city of Vienna.


A case of acute lymphoedema is described. It was caused by a sharply localised, nearly circular, trauma. While there was minimal bruising, the trauma broke enough blood vessels to cause the blockage, by fibrin, of the initial lymphatics and tissue channels. This encircled a region, superficial to the deep fascia, and significantly prevented both the tissue fluid reaching the lymphatics and transport via the system. In addition, there was a short-lived, generalised lymphoedema, presumably caused by damage to the saphenous collecting lymphatics.


Recently, periocular region has been employed in recognitions and it can be so effective especially in wearing a face mask as happened during the Coronavirus pandemic. In this study, a new method is proposed for recognizing persons based on their perioculars. It is named the Dual Deep Periocular Parts (DDPP). In this method, two deep learning networks are employed, where each network is determined for a certain periocular side (right or left). They are termed the Deep Network for the Right Periocular (DNRP) and Deep Network for the Left Periocular (DNLP). Both the DNRP and DNLP are fused together to construct the proposed DDPP approach. Also in this paper, a database called the Northern Technical University Periocular Database (NTUPD) is collected from scratch. Persons recognition based on the proposed periocular approach shows further performance enhancements as we obtained results of accuracy that reached 98.7% and Equal Error Rate (EER) 1.3%.


2-Nitronaphthalene (1) and 6-nitroquinoline (2) underwent direct cyclocondensation with secondary and tertiary carbanions derived from a methylene and methine group bearing both a leaving group and electron-withdrawing group (e.g., methyl chloroacetate, ethyl chloroacetate, chloroacetonitrile, methyl 2-chloropropionate, ethyl 2-chloropropionate and 2-chloropropionitrile) in the sodium hydride/N,N-dimethylformamide system at low temperature, giving the corresponding dihydronaphth[2,1-c]isoxazole N-oxides 3 and dihy-droisoxazolo[4,3-f]quinoline N-oxides 4. On the other hand, nitroarenes 1 and 2 reacted with secondary carbanions in the sodium hydride/tetrahydrofuran system to yield the corresponding conventional vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) products 5 and 6.


An error introduced during the production process resulted in the following misstatement: "The explanations provided for this conflict and the Triple Alliance War (35–36, 69) are plagued with errors, for example, the identification of the Argentinean president during the latter conflict as Bartolomé Mitre instead of Justo J. Urquiza (whose name is misspelled)."


he spectacular aurora displays that light up the northern and southern night slues could be powered by a gigantic "slinky" effect in Earth's magnetic field lines, according to research performed at the University of Minnesota. Earth's magnetic field resembles a slinky in that when "wiggled," it undulates in waves that travel down the field lines at speeds of up to 25 million m.p.h. These waves can pass energy to electrons, accelerating them along the magnetic field lines toward Earth. When the electrons hit atoms in the atmosphere, the atoms become excited and produce the colors of the aurora. Using electric and magnetic field data and images from NASA's Polar satellite, the researchers showed that energy from such waves is sufficient to power auroras and that statistically, the waves occur in the same locations as auroras-in a ring around the poles. The findings were published in the January 17 issue of Science. "We don't know exactly what wiggles the field lines, but similar processes could explain the heating of the solar corona [the sun's atmosphere], the release of energy during solar flares, and the acceleration of the solar wind [a stream of charged particles from the sun]," says physics associate professor John Wygant, the second author of the study. "At the edges of sunspots, other researchers have actually seen magnetic field lines waving. Understanding how such waves are caused and how they transmit energy is important to unraveling the complex processes behind larger-scale particle accelerations that occur, for example, in jets of material being p Zaces, and projects


In the past 30 years, the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents has tripled in the United States (Hedley et al., 2004; Ogden, Flegal, Carroll, & Johnson, 2002). Obesity has been associated with significant health problems in the pediatric age group and is an important risk factor for adult morbidity and mortality (Eriksson et al., 1999; Gunnell, Frankel, Nanchahal, Peters, & Smith, 1998; Must, Jacques, Dallas, Bajema & Dietz, 1992). Effective strategies for prevention and treatment include interventions that target changes in body composition; however, the effectiveness of these programs requires valid tools to track change. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a fast, easy to administer, and relatively inexpensive method of evaluating body composition. Due to the ease of operation, interest in using BIA to estimate percentage of body fat (%BF) has grown, especially in settings where body composition assessments are often performed without the benefit of properly-trained personnel (e.g., school districts). Extremely popular are the relatively new legto-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis (LBIA) devices that measure body composition as the individual stands on a bathroom-like scale. The LBIA method introduces a low level electrical current into the body and measures the lower-body impedance, or resistance, to the current flow (Nunez et al., 1997). From impedance, fat-free mass and %BF can be estimated using equations developed for adults and children (Heyward & Wagner, 2004). A few studies have examined the validity of LBIA to assess body composition in children, and their findings are inconsistent (Goldfield et al., 2006; Lazzer, Boirie, Meyer, & Vermorel, 2003; Tyrrell et al., 2001). Tyrrell et al. (2001) found a high correlation (r = .94) between LBIA and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in estimating %BF in primarily normal weight children, ages 5–10 years. Two other studies showed significant correlations but large intraperson variation when comparing LBIA to DXA in overweight or obese adolescents (Lazzar et al., 2003) and preadolescents (Goldfield et al., 2006). Although preliminary, these data indicate the validity of LBIA may vary as a function of adiposity. To increase the accuracy of LBIA measurement it is recommended that individuals perform no exercise within 12 hr of assessment to control for fluctuations in hydration status (Heyward & Wagner, 2004). Such a restriction would significantly reduce the usability of these analyzers in schools and clinical sites where controlling a child's preassessment behavior would be unrealistic. Several studies have examined the effect of acute aerobic exercise on LBIA-measured %BF estimates in children. Minimal but significant reductions in %BF have been reported following maximal cycle ergometry (Goss et al., 2003) and submaximal intermittent treadmill exercise (Andreacci, Dixon, Ledezma, & Goss, 2006). In addition, Andreacci, Dixon, Lagomarsine, et al. (2006) reported The Effect of an Acute After-School Exercise Bout on Percentage of Body Fat Using Leg-to-Leg Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Children


Subject. This article deals with the issues if it is reasonable to recognize such items as trademark, website and goodwill as intangible assets taking into consideration the transition to the procedure for accounting and financial statements preparation by organizations in Russia in accordance with the Federal Accounting Standard FSBU 14/2022 – Intangible Assets.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze the complicated issues and specifics of the practical qualification of separate accounting items from the perspective of their compliance with the methodological provisions of the FSBU 14/2022 at the stage of transition to the application of the Standard.
Methods. For the study, we used a systems analysis and generalization of legislative and regulatory documents, and professional literature.
Results. The article finds that for the justified recognition of the items considered, including trademarks, websites and goodwill, it is necessary to analyze their compliance with the FSBU 14/2022 – Intangible Assets provisions, and in some cases, the accountant's professional judgment is necessary for the correct qualification of the listed items.
Conclusions and Relevance. The variety and multiplicity of qualities of different types of intangible assets and economic benefits, as well as the emergence of new accounting items of an intangible nature, which require reasonable qualification in accounting, are among the reasons for the presence of identified problems. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that at present, not all Russian accountants have sufficient methodological training in terms of interpreting certain complex provisions of the FSBU 14/2022. The results of the study can be used in scientific and practical activities, for training specialists in the field of accounting and auditing, as well as for developing proposals for the correct transition to the FSBU 14/2022 provisions application.


general anaesthesia. The author acknowledged that, had the period of observation been longer, the death rate would have been higher. Our observation, that most deaths (80%) occurred in the wards postoperatively, would support this. Despite the possibly 25-fold higher overall mortality for caesarean section in Malawi than in the United Kingdom, the lives of almost 90% of women with ruptured uterus were nevertheless saved, while the severity of preoperative haemorrhage, sepsis, and anaemia would be unheard of in developed countries.


A pile head for a screw pile having a top end and a longitudinal axis is provided. The pile head comprises a mounting portion engaging the pile and an extendable portion movably mounted to the mounting portion. The extendable portion is movable relative to the mounting portion, along the longitudinal axis. A first fastening means is used to removably fasten the mounting portion of the pile head to the top end of the pile and preventing unwanted movement of the pile head relative to the pile, along the longitudinal axis. A screw pile, a removable helical member and a body extension for a screw pile are also provided.


A pulsed Doppler instrument running at 1.5 MHz resonance frequency was used for detection of microbubbles within a recirculating fluid line. Glass beads of nominal 200 microns were injected to get a statistical calibration level of the set-up. This is achieved by identifying the peak intensity of the bubble size histogram which reflected the microsphere size.


Economic analysis of 2 composting plants in Israel is presented in order to illustrate economic feasibility of refuse composting under certain favorable conditions; data, although not directly translatable into costs for similar plants in United States, tend to point out that composting plants may be in same cost range as refuse disposal by incinerators; if market for sale of compost, even at normal price, could be developed, composting might eventually prove to be economical alternative to incineration in certain areas of United States.


An argument is made for integrating the study of empirical skills and concepts into the computer science curriculum. With reference to past work an incremental approach is advocated for the study of these skills and concepts. A unique assignment that exemplifies the advocated approach is presented. This assignment, based on the study of random walks, is intended to introduce empirical investigation as early as is possible, during the first week of the first course. Two extensions to this assignment, one for the first course and one for a programming languages course, are discussed and used to illustrate the advocated incremental approach.


Background As a hereditary chronic glaucoma model,DBA/2J mouse is widely used in the experimental research of glaucoma worldwide.Although some researches have determined the ocular change induced by hypertention of DBA/2J mouse,there is seldom reports about the research on the relationship of ocular pathological abnormality and development course in DBA/2J mouse.Objective The present study is to characterize the ocular abnormalities and histological changes induced by hypertention in different ages of DBA/2J mice.Methods The clean female DBA/2J mice aged 3-,5-,7-,9-,11-,14-month-old (6 mice for each) were used in this study,and age matched 18 female C57BL/6J mice were as controls.Intraocular pressure (IOP) of mice was measured by anterior chamber puncture of microneedle.The animals were sacrificed and retinal flat mounts were prepared for histopathological examination under the light microscope.Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were counted by retinal Nissl staining.Morphology of optic nerve cup in frozen section was examined under the light microscope.The experiment followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results Developing pigment dispersion,iris stroma atrophy,transillumination defects and pupil deformation were found in DBA/2J mice.IOP began to rise in 7-month-old DBA/2J mouse,peaked in 9-month-old mouse and returned to normal in 14-month-old DBA/2J mouse.A significant difference was found in IOP among different ages of DBA/2J mice (F=27.600,P<0.05) but not C57BL/6J mice (F=0.249,P=0.781).RGCs loss was observed in 7-month-old DBA/2J mice and more serious from 9 to 11-month-old mice,showing a significant decline of RGCs among different ages of DBA/2J mice (F=23.594,P=0.000) but not C57BL/6J mice (F=1.816,P=0.211).The abnormality of optic nerve cupping and decrease of retinal nerve fiber layer were found in 9 to 14-month-old months old DBA/2J mice and were normal in age-matched C57BL/6J mice.Conclusion The abnormal alteration of the ocular anterior segment in DBA/2J mouse is gradually aggravated with aging.The findings of eye in DBA/2J mouse is characterized by secondary glaucoma.DBA/2J mouse offer an ideal animal model for the research of glaucoma.

Key words:
DBA/2J; glaucoma model; retinal ganglion cell; ocular hypertension


We prepared RNA probes from cloned segments of human and murine enteroviruses (EVs) for in situ hybridization of skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis, other inflammatory myopathies, and noninflammatory muscle diseases, and from normal control subjects. A probe derived form Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) detected viral RNA within mononuclear cells of the interstitial connective tissue in 3 of 5 patients with adult‐onset DM. None of these patients showed positive hybridization to probes derived from human EVs (poliovirus type 1 and Coxsackei virus B3) applied to subjacent sections of the same biopsies. The remaining 2 adult DM patients, 4 patients with childhood‐onset DM, and 24 and non‐DM patients did not react with either TMEV or human entervirus probes. Histochemical stains for esterase and immunoperoxidase stains for Mac‐1 antigen in the 3 DM patients who reacted positively revelaed positive cells in the same distribution as, but in far greater number than, those positive by in situ hybridization. Immunoperoxides staining for HLA‐DR antigens revealed positive cells in the same distribution and number as were seen with the TMEV probe. We conclude that an EV‐like agent, more closely related to TMEV than to human EVs, may be associated with DM and that this agent is probably localized within muscle macrophages that express class II major histocompatibility complex antigens.


Bifurcation of the numerical solution for a system of nonlinear equations describing the industrial process of dray slag atomization is presented. In dry slag atomization, a stream of molten slag is disintegrated by impingement of a high speed jet of air, resulting in a spray of molten slag droplets. The main output of the equations is the Sauter mean diameter of the spray droplets. One-parameter bifurcation diagrams are generated for two of the operating parameters, liquid and air flowrates. In both cases, two solutions exist for the system of equations. At least one of the solutions corresponds to the stable steady state of the system. The other solution can be associated with the unstable state of the system.


In this study, diesel fuel, different surrogate fuels, oxyg enated blends, and alkane fuels are investigated under engine-like condit i s in an optically accessible high pressure and temperature spray com bustion chamber. The investigated surrogate fuels are composed of n-dec ane and alphamethylnaphthalene in different compositions according to the reference cetane numbers (CN) 53, 45, 38, and 23. In addition to the twocomponent surrogate fuel mixtures, a three-component mixture compos ed f n-decane, alpha-methylnaphthalene, and di-n-butyl ether with a refe rence cetane number of 53 is examined to highlight the influence of adding di-n -butyl ether (DNBE) to the surrogate fuel at a constant cetane number. Fou r oxygenated blends with DNBE contents of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 100% in EN590 diesel and corresponding cetane numbers of 53, 58, 62, and 100 are studied. Moreover, long chain structure alkane fuels su ch as heptane, decane, and dodecane are investigated for the confirmation o f fuel volatility effect on spray atomization. In this study, different optical measurement techniques ar applied including Mie scattering, diffuse backlight illumination (DBI), shadowgraphy, OH chemiluminescence, and laser extinction (LE) to investi gate the fundamentals of spray and combustion. An optically simultaneo us Mie and shadowgraphy imaging technique is used for the investigati on of spray penetration and cone angle of the liquid and vapor phases, re spectively. Spray ignition delay and flame lift-off length (LOL) are inve stigated by the OH chemiluminescence imaging. The effects of injection pressure and CN on the LOL are examined. Fuel spray characteristics in the liquid and vapor phases and the relationship between ignition qual ity and lift-off length are examined. Furthermore, the fuel overlap number ( OL) indicat-


The operational code is the most commonly used psychological/attitudinal approach applied by international relations scholars to the study of political leadership. Its basic assumption is that the belief system of a leader plays a decisive role in the way he/she understands a political event and the way he/she makes decisions. In this paper, I will first present the operational code of the former President of the Republic of Cyprus, George Vasiliou (1988–93), by using quantitative and qualitative analysis of primary and secondary sources. Then, three major policy decisions of Vasiliou over a period of time will be examined in order to determine if they have a direct linkage with his beliefs. If all three decisions have a consistency with his belief system, then we can conclude that his belief system played a decisive role.


Alkoxy chain effect on the viscosity of ionic liquids has been extensively studied by experiments in order to disclose the relationship between viscosity and structure. A free-volume model was used to interpret the mechanism of the alkoxy chain effect, suggesting that flexible alkoxy chains can improve the viscosity of ionic liquids owing to the increase of free volume. Computational studies revealed that the improvement of viscosity arises from the less effective packing between flexible alkoxy chains as well as the reduction in electrostatic interaction between cations and anions. However, few computational studies have been undertaken to address the relation among free volume, electrostatic interaction, and side chain flexibility of ether-functionalized ionic liquids. In this work, we develop a general amber force field (GAFF) for ether-functionalized ionic liquids by following the traditional procedure of parameterizing GAFF for ionic liquids. Our work demonstrates that the alkoxy chain effect on the viscosity of ionic liquids can be qualitatively captured by GAFF without any optimizations. Analysis of electrostatic interactions between cations and anions in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations advances our understanding of the alkoxy chain effect from various aspects. Finally, we propose for the first time that the total free volume can further be divided into two portions, which are associated with electrostatic interactions between cations and anions.


In this paper, a fast-switching current-pulse driver for dimming controllers of light-emitting diode (LED) backlight applications is proposed. A pair of current switches, which is used for driving the LED string, employs an adaptive bias circuit for low-power dissipation. A differential pre-amp drives the large-size current switches to achieve fast current switching. The proposed current-pulse driver was fabricated in TSMC $\mathbf{0.25}-\mu \mathbf{m}$ 1P4M BCD high-voltage process. The measured rising time and falling time of the LED current are 120 ns and 12 ns, respectively, when the load is a 10-LED string.


Fr. Dvornik has paid attention to the citation from The Life of Eustathius Placidas (LE) in The Life of Constantine-Cyril (LC). It would seem that the citation testifies that LC was known to the author of LC which, hence, has been created before 880-882 (the time of creation of LC). However the hand-written data collected by us show that the citation from LC, most likely, is direct translation from Greek, hence, slavic translation of VE has been created later than VC.


We present formulas to tightly upper bound the phase-flip errors in decoy state method by using 4 intensities. Our result compressed the bound to about a quarter of known result for MDI-QKD. Based on this, we find that the key rate is improved by more than $100\%$ given weak coherent state sources (WCS), and even more than $200\%$ with the heralded single-photon sources (HSPS).


By entering the number of multi-language versions and by using a multi-language set, this generates more accurate than the input language to date only a single occurrence of a third technical language of the text. After you enter text, perform analytical processing, conversion processing and generation processing, and then output the target language document text. It is possible to automatically obtain information on language features, so do not need to generate large-scale document text in the target language corpus.


Changes in task requirements and resulting system capabilities have led to the addition of crewmembers, information displays, and monitoring and coordination requirements in many domains. The overarching objective of this experimental study was to test whether providing task relevant information to individual team members in a time critical environment, while limiting their access to non-task relevant information, would change team interactions by improving team shared situational awareness and consequently, improve performance. The results of this experiment support this hypothesis and provide a new understanding of how the distribution of information among team members affects the development of shared expectations and information requirements, team and individual performance, and communications that has not been empirically documented elsewhere.


Abstract Past study of the pesharim from Qumran as biblical commentaries has comprised a number of scholarly approaches and proposed lines of influence. Two major areas of focus in this regard have been various ancient Near Eastern (Mesopotamian and Egyptian) texts on the one hand, and, more recently, Hellenistic commentaries on the other. Only intermittently have earlier studies included close examination of the modi operandi and content of this literature in comparison with the pesharim. This article undertakes a more comprehensive and detailed comparison of the pesharim with relevant ancient Near Eastern and Hellenistic texts than found in earlier studies, attempting to identify salient similarities and differences. While the pesharim bear the unmistakable influence of Jewish Aramaic dream-vision interpretation at the micro-exegetical level, this connection fails to adequately account for the pesharim as whole texts. Here Hellenistic commentaries may have proven influential, though the correlation is far from complete and the Egyptian Demotic Chronicle warns against too confidently drawing lines of direct influence.


This chapter explores the binaries of researcher/researched and, to a certain extent, objectivity/subjectivity by outlining a participatory action research (PAR) project situated in early childhood contexts. To do this it
delves deeply into the project's methodological concepts and therefore may be considered a conceptual chapter. The background and justification as to why PAR was the design of choice for this project are offered.

It is argued that action research, while overlapping significantly with the qualitative paradigm, has distinct differences in the way in which action researchers work with others and that the distinction between researcher
and participants becomes blurred during the collaborative relationship. The chapter highlights that this study was carried out with and by, as opposed to on, participants and so it bypassed the traditional division between
researcher and researched. Although PAR is considered a socially just mode of inquiry, it is not without its tensions, complexities, and challenges, which
the chapter explains.

However, it also puts forward strategies that the study adopted to address these tensions, complexities, and challenges. It offers strategies to assist the facilitator of a PAR project; strategies to assist coresearchers form a coherent PAR team; and strategies to assist the PAR team forge ahead and address the complex web of power and privilege. These strategies go a long way in confronting and addressing the binary of researcher/researched.


The need for a follow up or booster to the Doodle Den programme was identified by school principals in Tallaght West, and we are delighted that the Area-Based Childhood Programme (ABC) was able to support the development of Doodle Families.


Perception is discussed as a process of the selection of ' internal models ' in terms of which incoming data are used to shape behaviour. The advantages and disadvantages to the organism of using such models are outlined, and the way in which models operate is considered in the light of evidence from perceptual illusions: these can be regarded as cases where a wrong model has been selected, or errors of scaling have occurred. It is suggested that some of the bizarre imagery in dreams and certain abnormal states can also be understood in these terms. When compared with a computer, the perceptual mechanism and its models resemble an analogue rather than a digital system


Temporal fluctuations in appendicularian species composition, abundance, size structure, and biomass, and their relationships with physical and biological factors were studied biweekly to monthly from March 2000 to April 2001 at a coastal station (38°28's, 57°4'w) off Argentina, SW Atlantic Ocean. The highest abundances and biomasses were recorded during spring-summer with a maximum in early January (4369 ind m-3 = 2321 [micro]g C m-3). Secondary production was 76 mg C m-3 yr-1 and house production was 123 mg C m-3 yr-1 Abundance of Fritillaria borealis Lohmann, 1896 was related to temperature changes, being more abundant during fall-winter; however, we measured only low biomasses. Appendicularia sicula Fol, 1874 and Oikopleura fusiformis Fol, 1872 appeared during summer and autumn, but their abundances were low. Oikopleura dioica Fol, 1872 was present all year and was the dominant species. When chlorophyll-a concentration was high, and copepod abundance was low (fall-winter period), both juvenile and adult O. dioica were abundant in all of the samples. During the spring-summer period (low chlorophyll-a concentration) a high predominance of adult animals (up to 1400 [micro]m TL) was observed, suggesting a strong predation by copepods upon O. dioica eggs and juveniles. However, further field evidence is needed to test this hypothesis.


A method is described for the identification of 25 sulphonamides by thin layer chromatography. Four systems are used, the solvents being (I) chloroform‐methanol (4:1), (II) chloroform‐carbon tetrachloride‐methanol (7:2:1), (III) ethyl acetate‐methanol (9:1), (IV) acetone‐methanol (4:1), the plates being coated with silica gel G mixed with (I) sodium hydroxide, (II) potassium hydrogen sulphate, (III) water, (IV) sodium hydroxide. The location reagents are (a) copper sulphate, (b) p‐dimethylamino‐benzaldehyde, (c) N(1‐napthyl) ethylenediamine di‐HCl, and (d) fluorescein.


The long-awaited BARI 2-D 1 study has just been published in the New England Journal of Medicine. In the part that would be of interest to cardiologists, 2,368 patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease were randomized into two groups: optimal treatment for diabetes, and revascularization therapy, either by surgery or angioplasty. The randomization was performed independently of the selecting of optimal therapy for each patient, which was left at the discretion of the physicians; the study was not a comparison between angioplasty and surgery. Analyzing the publication of supplements, we observed that most patients were mildly symptomatic. Of the total, 17% were asymptomatic; and 21.4% did not have angina, but what the researchers considered to be an "angina equivalent". Of the patients with angina, most were in functional class I or II; only 8.6 % were in angina class III or IV; and only 9.5% had unstable angina. Demonstrating the predominantly nonsurgical conditions of the patients, only 17% had an ejection fraction of less than 50%; only 30% had three-vessel disease; and only 13% had a proximal left anterior descending artery obstruction. It was thus a sample of patients with generally minor angiographic changes, in many of whom myocardial revascularization, by any method, would be questionable: surgical revascularization would be questionable because they did not meet the traditional angiographic indication criteria (left main, three vessels with poor ventricular function, or three vessels with proximal left anterior descending obsctruction); and coronary angioplasty would be questionable because they were diabetic, and especially because they were mildly symptomatic. The results were as the expected by anyone accompanying such studies over the past 27 years 2-8 . The 5-year mortality was 11.7% in the revascularization therapy group, and 12.2% in the clinical treatment group (NS). There was no difference in major events, deaths, heart attacks, or strokes: 22.8% in the revascularization group, and 24.1% in the clinical treatment group (NS). Angioplasty did not reduce mortality (10.8% versus 10.2%) or events (21.1% versus 23%). Surgery has not significantly reduced mortality (13.4% versus 16.4%), although it has reduced events (22.4% versus 30.4%), possibly because it was indicated for a subgroup of patients with more extensive lesions. On learning the results of the study, the American Society of Interventional Cardiology issued a statement reminding that drug-eluting stents are the best option for diabetics with coronary artery disease, and that they have been used in a minority (30%) of patients. Actually the limited use of drug-eluting stents may have contributed to the poor outcome of angioplasty in terms of reducing events, but not in terms of reducing mortality. Moreover, there is evidence of the existence of subgroups of stable patients in whom the benefits of PCI were higher than those found in the patients of the Bari-2D study 9 . But it is worth questioning something much simpler: Does this study add anything to what we already know? After the results of six randomized studies (seven with the COURAGE study, totaling more than 5,000 patients) which uniformly showed no benefit of angioplasty in patients with mild symptoms, why test it once more in patients with so few symptoms, often non-surgical patients, and with the aggravating circumstance of diabetes? Given all that is already known, hasn't the time come to stop randomized studies like this, especially when confronted with the certainty that the clinical judgement tend to better separate the treatment options as universally agreed and already proven by the MASS II study? 10


Milk powders are considered as food ingredients and its intervention in the manufacture of many foods and all this exposed to high temperatures when it cooked. Many of changes accrue in physical and chemical properties of milk. In this study the changes in physical properties color, viscosity, density, P H and lipid stability peroxide oxidation value (POV) and total free fatty acids (TFFA) was measured to reconstituted (WMP) whole milk powder in relation thermal treatment using superheated steam with different temperature and period time. The temperature ranged from 150-210 ° C for 5-25 min. The result for color showed in three different system (L, a, b). The superheated steam show lower different to color at the high temperature 210 ° C and long time 25 min compare with control. At the viscosity, density and P H the result of superheated steam showed clear differences at temperature 150 and 210 ° C at long time 25 min. About the lipid stability (POV peroxide oxidation value and total free fatty acids) the result of POV to superheated steam do not showed any significantly differences between sample heat treatment compare with control at 150-180 ° C and that indicates no any oxidation reaction occur between the fatty acids and molecule oxygen in superheated steam. The result of total free fatty acids content showed lower changer at the high temperature 210 ° C and long time 25 min but other sample no any significantly different show compare with control. All the result in this study showed stability of milk fat to reconstitute whole milk powder and that will be lead to maintain of nutrition value to milk fat during cooking.


Education for sustainable development in an intense subject and dissemination of good practices are of tremendous need for actors of academia and for those of vocational education, too. Managers and employees must extend their current skills related to sustainability and become leaders in the field. The article presents the last years' experience on the development of a skills development schema on leadership in sustainability and teaching and educating sustainability. These two training skills and the related training materials have been developed through two international projects and partnerships at the European level: (1) LeadSUS - Leadership in sustainability – Sustainability Manager, (2013-1-RO1-LEO05 – 28771) developed from 2013 to 2016 and having impact on a target group consisting of companies' employees (most of them managers); (2) TeachSUS - Teaching and educating for Sustainability, (2018-1-R001-KA204-049253) that will be develop from 2018 to 2020 and that will target vocational education and training (VET) actors. After a brief presentation of developed skill cards related to educational programs in sustainable development filed, a critical analysis of the implementation potential will underline the strengths and weakness of the actual educational system of higher education to assimilate and implement the proposals (tested and validated with a significant group of trainees).


A novel π-conjugated molecule, EtH-T-DI-DTT is reported, which is fused, rigid, and planar, featuring the electron-rich dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene (DTT) unit in the core of the structure. Adjacent to the electron-donating DTT core, there are indenone units with electron-withdrawing keto groups. To enable solubility in common organic solvents, the fused system is flanked by ethylhexylthiophene groups. The material is a dark, amorphous solid with an onset of absorption at 638 nm in CH2Cl2 solution, which corresponds to an optical gap of 1.94 eV. In films, the absorption onset wavelength is at 701 nm, which corresponds to 1.77 eV. An ionisation energy of 5.5 eV and an electron affinity of 3.3 eV were estimated by cyclic voltammetry measurements. We have applied this new molecule in organic field effect transistors. The material exhibited a p-type mobility up to 1.33 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1.


The invention discloses a method for determining the corresponding connection relationship between an alternating current motor winding and a three-phase power source, comprising the following steps of: (1) firstly, setting one of three connection terminals of a motor as a C phase; (2) respectively connecting two pointer multimeters with the C-phase connection terminal and two non-C-phase connection terminals; (3) respectively connecting the anode and the cathode of a battery with the two non-C-phase connection terminals in a point-to-point way; (4) adjusting the polarities of the connections of the battery and the two multimeters to enable pointers of the two multimeters to deflect in the forward direction; and (5) instantly rotating a motor shaft in a direction required by a load, and when the pointer of the multimeter A continuously deflects in the forward direction and the pointer of the multimeter B deflects in the reverse direction, determining that the non-C-phase terminal connected with the multimeter A of which the pointer deflects in the forward direction is in an A phase and the non-C-phase terminal connected with the multimeter B of which the pointer deflects in the reverse direction is in a B phase. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and practical, easy to implement, the motor is in the right rotating direction after being electrified; and the cost is reduced, the labor is saved, and the work efficiency is greatly increased.


A first class of methods considers the definition of the jsr and uses the relation ρk(Σ) ≤ ρ(Σ) ≤ ρ(Σ) ≤ ρk(Σ), which holds for all k. The idea is thus to generate sets of products in order to compute ρk(Σ) and ρk(Σ) while discarding as many products as possible, using a branch-and-bound technique. Unfortunately, this sequence of bounds is generally slow to converge, in particular the upper bound.


© Robert Gardiner. 2020. The content of this article is the sole responsibility of the author. The ACT Journal and the Mayday Group are not liable for any legal actions that may arise involving the article's content, including, but not limited to, copyright infringement. Desire for Recognition and Recognition of Desire: A Theoretical Account of the Influence of Student Teacher Fantasy on Self-Efficacy


Gallium arsenide optically triggered thyristors that exhibit tolerance to high X-ray dose rates have been fabricated. These two-terminal epitaxial devices feature breakover voltages of 18 V to 38 V with no radiation. They trigger at less than 2 V with only tenths of a milliwatt of laser light, but they do not trigger at 2*10/sup 9/ rad(Si)/s with a bias level as much as 40% to 60% of the zero-radiation breakover voltage. When these devices are bombarded with neutrons, the reduced carrier lifetimes result in a decreased sensitivity to triggering by light and ionizing radiation. The thyristors show some decrease in optical and X-ray sensitivity upon neutron exposure in excess of 10/sup 13/ n/cm/sup 2/. At 10/sup 14/ n/cm/sup 2/, there are major reductions in photon sensitivity, and some instability is observed. >


This article addresses different narratives in the stories of men who pay for sex, focusing on the tensions that emotional and affective dimensions represent for the masculinities of these men. The article aims to complicate some stereotypes about men who pay for sex understanding the specificities of the sex market in order to think about power relations in the articulation between masculinity, emotions and affects. This analysis is the result of a virtual ethnography in two online forums of experiences of commercial sex, within a work with different actors in the Argentinean sex market. Both types of stories are described, those most modeled, apparently devoid of emotions, as well as those, apparently exceptional, where affects and confusions that destabilize certain forms of masculinities emerge. In the final reading of these stories, the points of connection between the two emerge, highlighting the illusions that the logic of the sex industry produces.


CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are a subpopulation of T cells which regulate the immune system, maintain the tolerance of self-antigens and enhance immune tolerance after transplantation. It was also reported that recipient derived Treg could provide immune privilege to allogeneic stem cells (HSC) after transplantation. However, the precise interaction with Treg and HSC has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of recipient derived Treg in the engraftment and immune reconstitution following transplantation of purified allogeneic HSC and the effectiveness of Treg expansion following activation of DR3 (Death receptor 3, also called as TNFRSF25) signaling in this model.  We first tested the effect of Treg depletion using Foxp3-DTR mice in allogeneic HSC transplantation. In this system, FACS-sorted purified HSC (Lin-cKit+Sca1+ population) derived from WT-FVB mice (CD45.1+/H2kq+) were injected into lethally irradiated B6-Foxp3-DTR mice (CD45.2+/H2kb+) with or without pre-treatment of diphtheria toxin (DT). On day 0 and day 28 after transplantation decreased frequencies of Foxp3+ cells in residual recipient derived CD4+ T cells were observed in peripheral blood from the DT treated mice (P DR3 is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily and we previously reported the expansion of Treg by the activation of this signaling pathway (Kim et al, ASH abstract 2013). We next tested whether activation of DR3 signaling by its agonistic antibody would affect the donor immune reconstitution after allogeneic HSC transplantation. The frequencies of Foxp3+ cells in CD4+ T cells were significantly increased in thymus, spleen, peripheral blood, and bone marrow 4 days after antibody injection (P The mice treated with antibody on day -4 were transplanted with purified allogeneic HSC on day 0. Antibody treated mice showed a higher frequency of donor derived CD4+ T cells (P In summary, our data suggest that recipient derived CD4+Foxp3+ Treg play an important role in donor immune reconstitution and the activation of DR3 signaling in recipient mice enhances donor immune reconstitution by expansion of recipient derived Treg. H.N and BS-K contributed equally to this work. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Atkins argues that the advent of computers has opened the way to a taught course discussing systems removed from equilibrium. Even turbulent and chaotic processes that are not amenable to analytical argument might be simulated from numerical treatments. If such elements were present in a physical chemistry course then the problems of energy transfer, rates of processes: photosynthesis provide the examples that support the theory. Atkins extends his thesis by suggesting that the complexities of neurophysiology and gene expression can become part of the undergraduate course. Certainly the numerical approach rather than the mathematical analysis can develop 'visual' models. As I believe that progress in science is limited by the ability of scientists to make models in the mind, Atkins called this our 'concept bank', I view the continuing impact of computers with excitement. However, the illustrations of chemical principles by biochemical applications, that I would suggest today, are at a more modest level. They are frequently cited in biochemistry and chemists could adopt them with ease. For example, the thermodynamics of ATP


O ,NE of the striking epidemiological characteristics of the minor respiratory illnesses is the variation of their incidence with age. The attack rate is highest during the early years of life, declines throughout the school ages and until adult life is reached. Then the incidence maintains a fairly constant level. This characteristic, variation in incidence with age, has been noted in all morbidity studies which have


This review paper examines the problems associated with the cleft patient and presents a scheme of management. Timing of each procedure is important, with particular emphasis on speech and maxillary development. The role of orthodontics is discussed.


Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the differences between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in medical students regarding gender, year of study, psychological aid and trauma.
 Subjects and methods: The subjects were students of the first, third and sixth year of medicine at the Medical School of the University of Split. 247 students participated. Anonymous poll, taken by the Ethics Committee of the Medical School in Split, was basis of this survey. It was consisted of two parts. The first part has collected demographic data: age, gender, years of study, traumatic experience, psychological assistance. The second part was a validated PNI questionnaire that measured the pathological form of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.
 Results: The results of this study indicated female scored higher on vulnerable narcissism and variable self-esteem than male students, while there was no significant difference on the scale of grand-narcissism between genders. Sixth year students scored lower on a scale of self-esteem and grand fantasies compared to students of previous years of study. Students who asked for psychological assistance scored lower on the hiding self scale, and those who experienced trauma scored higher on vulnerable narcissism, hiding self and higher score in grand fantasies.
 Conclusion: Female students show more vulnerable narcissistic characteristics than male students. There was no increase on grandiose and vulnerable narcissism during medical school. Students who asked for psychological help show less on hiding self scale and students who experienced trauma show more characteristics of narcissism than those who did not have any traumatic experience.


This paper introduces some of the main questions surrounding the staging and performance of the York Mystery Plays. It proposes that there is a need for interdisciplinary research that includes the ...


Industrial facilities offer a wide variety of design challenges to engineers, including the mechanical engineers who design the HVAC, the process, exhaust, and other required mechanical systems; the mechanical contractors who install and maintain the systems (and who also may do design work); and the owners` engineers who are responsible for the day-to-day operation of their facilities. Along with the responsibility to see that all systems function as intended is the responsibility to ensure that all worker health concerns are addressed. These include heat stress avoidance and the proper control of harmful substances. The services of industrial hygienists may be required to ensure this. These may be independent consultants or the staff members of mechanical design firms. In addition, it is not unusual for major corporations that own manufacturing plants to have staff industrial hygienists. The accompanying sidebar presents a checklist of items to be considered when designing environmental control systems for industrial buildings. This article will present an overview of some of the factors to consider.


The largest Ecuadorian field is a brown field located in the Oriente Basin, as shown in Fig.1. Its current oil production is 56,000 bopd with 82% water cut from 150 producing wells from different reservoirs, mainly from the lower U and lower T sands which have contributed with more than 90% of the total cumulative production. The secondary reservoirs are Basal Tena, Upper U and Upper T.
 The field faces several typical production challenges of a mature field, including severe inorganic scale deposition problems throughout the production system and corrosion in the tubing and surface flowlines. As development strategies have evolved, flow assurance problems have increased in magnitude and frequency, representing low operating efficiencies and extra costs.
 Once flow assurance problems have appeared in the field it is impossible not to have costs associated with their remediation; however, the objective is to minimize such costs through an exhaustive analysis that determines the root cause and the prevention measures that can be applied in the field. In terms of corrosion, an excellent job has been done in controlling the problem in the wells through the introduction of new metallurgy tubing and good operating practices, while the challenge in the field is now focused on scale deposition.


The present invention relates to a mirror-touch operation unit and its mirror touch operation control method between the touch-sensitive display and a mobile terminal for cars, touch-sensitive displays the display image and sound of the mobile communication terminal having a screen auto-touch monitor and mirrors for as to the touch operation for that car after the mobile terminal to intuitively operate the touch-sensitive display for a mirror operation, and connected to the car-touch monitors in communication with the mobile terminal and wire or wireless of the mobile communication device mirroring conversion unit for mirroring the image and sound in the touch panel of the touch-sensitive display for automobiles; includes, and touch-sensitive sensor and a circuit coupled to the touch screen, the screen of the mobile communication terminal to be displayed is mirrored on the touch-screen when intuitive touch operation to the touch position L Touch position detection unit to recognize and store; Touch position signal converter for converting a value of the touch position coordinates stored in the touch position detection unit into a current or voltage signal; Consists of a screen size corresponding to the touch panel unit of the mobile communication device is mounted in close contact facing each other, the touch position signal converter and the circuits are coupled to by a current or voltage signal to be input from the touch position signal converter It characterized by consisting of; driven touch operating means is mounted on one side of the vehicle center facia to the touch operation to the touch panel of the parts of the mobile communication terminal indirectly. Touch in these are the present invention all of the features that are implemented in smart phones then smartphone expensive navigation genuine monitor instead of by car touch monitor and mirrors for having a large screen that can be purchased at a relatively low cost associated with the touch operating unit therefore may promote safe driving the screen size does not operate uncomfortable a small mobile communication terminal by making operation monitor directly available to intuitive touch-operates the car touch monitor for having a wide large screen Internet search, and the conventional the navigation apparatus can conveniently use various functions of the smart phone can not be implemented that utilization is greatly improved.


A unified explicit form for difference formulas to approximate the fractional and classical derivatives is presented. The formula gives finite difference approximations for any classical derivatives with a desired order of accuracy at nodal point in the computational domain. It also gives Grünwald type approximations for fractional derivatives with arbitrary order of approximation at any point. Thus, this explicit unifies approximations of both types of derivatives. Moreover, for classical derivatives, it provides various finite difference formulas such as forward, backward, central, staggered, compact, non-compact etc. Efficient computations of the coefficients of the difference formulas are also presented that lead to automating the solution process of differential equations with a given higher order accuracy. Some basic applications are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of this unified formulation.


Seawater intrusion problems are recorded in coastal aquifers, which constitute the main sources of drinking water and agricultural irrigation in many countries. The aim of this work is to de scribe the evolution of the salinity distribution by seawater intrusion, based on results from chemical analyses, of 29 groundwater samples in the NWAchaia area (Peloponnesus, Greece). The study of these data indicates that aquifer waters in large part of area reflect salinization related to seawater intrusion. The occurrence of Ca-CI hydrochemical types of groundwater indicates active seawater intrusion. Cation exchange is the most noticeable hydrogeochemical process in the movement of the saline front in the coastal aquifer. Geographical distribution of Ca rea ct index was mapped. The areas with advance or decline of the seawater intrusion front are defined from this map.


The antiproton beam in the 1.5–15 GeV storage ring HESR, in part designed at Julich for the FAIR complex at GSI, will contain a section with electron cooling. The electron beam in this section generates a radial electric field that produces a marked defocusing of the antiprotons in both transverse planes. This note presents a model of the cooling beam and describes the corresponding perturbation of the optics.


Plasmon-enhanced Raman scattering (PERS) becomes nonlinear when phonon pumping and phonon-stimulated scattering come into play. It is fundamental to the understanding of PERS and its photobleaching behavior. By quantization of the molecular vibration coherent state into phonon number states, we theoretically predict a stepwise dependence of PERS intensity on laser power. Experimental evidence is presented by measuring a monolayer of malachite green isothiocyanate molecules sandwiched in individual gold nanosphere-plane antennas, under radially polarized laser excitation of sub-microWatt powers.


Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands and has both epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. It most commonly arises from the parotid or submandi bular glands. Rarely, it arises from the minor salivary glands. We report here a case of pleomorphic adenoma arising from the soft palate and both sides of anterior tonsillar pillars in a 75yearold man. This patient was presenting painless slow growing large swelling in the soft palate over 20 years causing mechanical obstruction of airway and food. The entire tumor mass was excised along with overlying mucosa.


Submitted for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society An algebraic approach to computer program design and memory management JAMES RAYNOLDS, University at Albany, State University of New York, LENORE MULLIN, National Science Foundation — Beginning with an algebra of multi-dimensional arrays and following a set of reduction rules embodying a calculus of array indices, we translate (in a mechanizable way) from the highlevel mathematics of any array-based problem and a machine specification to a mathematically-optimized implementation. Raynolds and Mullin introduced the name Conformal Computing ? to describe this process that will be discussed in the context of data transforms such as the Fast Fourier, Wavelet Transforms and QR decomposition. We discuss the discovery that the access patterns of the Wavelet Transform form a sufficiently regular subset of those for our cache-optimized FFT so that we can be assured of achieving similar efficiency improvements to the Wavelet Transform as those that were found for the FFT. We present recent results in which careful attention to reproducible computational experiments in a dedicated/nonshared environment is demonstrated to be essential in order to optimally measure the response of the system (in this case the computer itself is the object of study) so as to be able to optimally tune the algorithm to the numerous cost functions associated with all of the elements of the memory/disk/network hierarchy. ? The name Conformal Computing is protected: c © 2003, The Research Foundation, State University of New York. James Raynolds University at Albany, State University of New York Date submitted: 27 Nov 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


General facts about the global mercury cycle with particular emphasis on the coastal and ocean environment are summarized. In the coastal environment the largest source of mercury is river-born particulate bound species. This portion of mercury is unreactive and is quickly buried in nearshore sediments. Only a small fraction of reactive mercury (ionic mercury in solution that is immediately available for reaction) originates from river inputs. The most important source of reactive mercury in the coastal and oceanic environment is through atmospheric input and via upwelling. Biologically-mediated processes, mainly connected to primary production, are responsible for active redistribution of reactive mercury. In this process a large part of reactive Hg is reduced to elemental mercury which is returned to the atmosphere by evasion, while the rest is scavenged by particles and transported to deeper oceanic waters. Because of the active atmospheric mercury cycle oceans acts as a source and a sink of atmospheric mercury and the global oceanic evasion is balanced by the deposition. Current studies show that methylated species are primarily formed in the deeper ocean and the mam source of monomethylmercury (MMHg) compounds in coastal areas is through upwelling of oceanic waters and from in-situ methylation in coastal waters. All these environmental processes occur at extremely low concentration levels of mercury species; however MMHg in marine organisms accounts for a high proportion of this toxic compounds owing to its property for bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Coastal areas on the local scale may account for geochemical differences that significantly influence the conversion between various Hg species. In order to assess the impact of mercury in contaminated and noncontaminated coastal areas on man and his environment, it is of the greatest importance to understand these processes. The paper also identifies uncertainties and gaps in current knowledge of mercuy cycling


Objective: To study the response of surgical therapy on cardia adenocarcinoma by subtotal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy and the optional site of incision. Methods: A total of 194 patients with cardia adenocarcinoma had received surgical therapy from January 1985 to April 1993, who were randomized into two groups: upper larger gastrectomy (i. e. subtotal gastrectomy) was performed in one group (group A), and total gastrectomy in another group (group B). The lymph nodes metastasis and 3-year, 5-year survival rate in two groups were compared. Results: The parapyloric lymph node metastasis rate was 14.7% in B group. The 3-year 5-year survival rate of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients in group B were significantly higher than that in group A (P 0.05 ). The incidence of reflux esophagitis in group B were lower than that in group A (P 0. 01 ). Conclusions: Total gastrectomy is the best procedure for resectable cardia adenocarcinoma, and the thoracolaparotomy incision is the best site for surgical incision.


A modular Rh-catalyzed entry to azepines is outlined. Under a CO atmosphere, protecting group directed C–C bond activation of aminocyclopropanes provides rhodacyclopentanones. These intermediates are effective for intramolecular C–H metalation of either an N-aryl or N-vinyl unit en route to azepine ring systems. Thus, byproduct-free heterocyclizations are enabled by sequential C–C activation and C–H functionalization steps.


Housing blocks constructed from prefabricated elements have been the backbone of housing resources in many Polish cities in the last fifty years. Over the time, the residents' expectations regarding the residential amenity standards, as well as demographic structure of the estates built in the communist era have changed. Therefore, the current residents' needs significantly differ from the needs and expectations of those who took over the newly built flats in the last quarter of the 20th century. Fundamentally, the functional and spatial standards of flats built before 1989 are already out of date. The proper functioning of the usable dwelling space of these apartments has gained additional importance due to the inhabitants getting progressively older and, especially recently, the prolonged SARS CoV-2 pandemic. The introduction of the lockdown, which involved strict restrictions on movement outside the place of residence during the pandemic, made the apartments the centre of life and a place of work for many families. Suddenly, for psychophysical reasons, the importance of having larger floor space, than the functional solutions typically used in the 1970s and 1980s offered, has increased. It appears that the residents begun to take interest in all possible solutions to improve the functionality of their homes.The aim of the article is to present proposals for contemporary architectural solutions that can improve the functionality of these apartments that would increase residents' standard of living and everyday comfort.


Innovative technologies and the emergence of virtual communities create new types of transactions and the accounting methods that go beyond the current state of knowledge in economics and existing legal solutions. These virtual communities create and distribute their own medium of payment for the exchange of goods and services, thereby providing a means of payment in which emissions or circulation central monetary authorities are not involved. The reasons behind  the emergence of cryptocurrencies are not only the shortcomings of the traditional currency system which was unable to face numerous crises, but also the development of the Internet for which cryptocurrencies can prove to be a better suited form of money. Unfortunately, they stir much legal controversy with the effect that their users are exposed to significant legal and economic risk. Therefore, the subject of research presented in the article is to analyze the economic substance of Bitcoin. The main objective in this area is to assess the role of Bitcoin in terms of capacity to serve as money.


Intussusception is defined as the telescoping of a proximal segment of bowel into an adjacent distal segment and propelled by peristalsis.1 It can be referred to as originating in the small intestine (enteroenteric, ileocolic, and ileocecal) or in the colon (colocolonic).1 It primarily occurs in children and is rare in the adult population accounting for less than 5 per cent of all intussusception cases and representing 1 to 5 per cent of all obstruction cases in adults.1 As intussusception is rare in the adult population but is an important surgical entity, two cases are presented below. After Institutional Review Board approval, patients were reviewed who presented to an urban hospital in Detroit, MI.


Current study highly motivated to use the solid wastes (biomass and plastic wastes) for clean energy production by using the thermo-chemical conversion process such as pyrolysis. The products of the pyrolysis are bio-oil, charcoal and pyro-gases. This technique can be provided the promising option on the clean energy production as well as reduction of the carbon level and greenhouse gases from the environment and it also promotes the Savach Bharat Abhiyan. The conventional pyrolysis process has some disadvantage such as produced bio-oil has some impurities such as water content, less heating value, high viscosity becausetar content and high ash content. All these properties of the bio-oil fuel can't be upgraded by using the conventional pyrolysis process but these impurities can be removed by using the co-pyrolysis technique. Co-pyrolysis technique can be enhanced the fuel quality by upgrading the fuel such as heating value, reduction of tar content and ash contents and this study also covers the upgradation and improvement of the fuel quality.


The case of successful treatment of posttrau- matic rectovaginal fistula with negative pressure therapy is presented. The female, 49 y.o., was admitted to the hospital due to symptoms of general infection that occurred more than three days after the trauma of perineal region. Phys- ical examination revealed a total tear of rectum and anus and rectovaginal fascia defect. Hartmann's procedure was not effective in the management of major exsudation from the perineal wound, that was responsible for hypopro- teinemia resulting in fluid in abdominal and pleural cavi- ties. A successful attempt was made to perform secondary closure of rectovaginal fistula and the rectum with support of negative pressure therapy. The repairment of anal sphincters was left for later proceeding. The general patient condition did not improved as well as we would expect and two months after admission patient was moved to the tho- racic surgery department due to recurring respiratory problems.


Based on all-round investigation of the use and failures of Chinese railways rails in service, the method of weighting statistics for rail failures is proposed in this paper. The weighting statistic data and relationship between the rail failures and corresponding accumulative passing gross are presented for Rails U71Mn and U75V in service. Applying the theory of engineering economics, the optimum overhaul time of rails is obtained. The principle for determination of major repair cycles of rails is suggested after statistically analyzing the rail failure types and causes in China. The mode of combining rail failures with the accumulative passing gross to fix the major repair cycles and the relevant parameters are found with reference to the domestic and international research results.


This article retrospectively analyzes the clinical efficacy of Chinese and western medicine,acupuncture and massage in the treatment of cerebral lesion.Clinical results showed basic cure in 35 cases,marked improvement in 97 cases,improvement in 48 cases,failure in 39 cases;the total effective rate was 82.2%.


N PTOLEMY'S MODEL for all the planets except Mercury, the center of the I epicycle is located on a circle, the center of which is removed from the earth by an eccentricity e, while its angular motion is uniform with respect to a center removed from the earth in the same direction by an eccentricity 2e. This works well enough in representing both the direction and distance of the center of the epicycle-it was the best earlier approximation to Kepler's first two lawsbut creates difficulties in deriving the parameters of the model, specifically, the eccentricity and the direction of the apsidal line. The derivation requires observations of three oppositions to the mean sun, when the planet is at the perigee of the epicycle and thus shows the direction of the center of the epicycle. Thus, in FIGURE 1 the planet is located opposite at P on the line SOC, and observations of the longitudes of P will give angles 61 and of the apparent motion of C between the oppositions as seen from the earth at 0. Then the intervals of time between the oppositions, along with an estimate of the mean zodiacal motion of the planet, will give angles g1 and 8, of the mean motion of C as measured from E, generally called the equant point. Since the time of Hipparchus, it had been possible to solve trigonometrically the problem: given three points on a circle separated by known arcs (S), to find a point from which lines drawn to the three points will contain given angles (6) . Unfortunately, in the configuration of FIGURE 1 the angles 6 are known for points C lying on a circle about M, while the angles g are known with respect to a center E that does not coincide with M. Hence the arcs on the circle about M are unknown. Ptolemy's solution to the problem (which follows) is ingenious, very ingenious, but 1engthy.l Describe a circle about E of radius equal to the circle about M, and project C to C by drawing lines ECC so that the arcs 8 are known in the circle about E. Then assume, falsely, that the points C are separated by angles S as seen from 0, although, as is clear from the figure, the apparent angles between C differ from 6 by small


With an advance download method and an on-demand download method in a net-boot type thin client, a bottle neck is converged in a specific step, and high-speed operation is not possible. Specifically, this system is equipped with: an advance file acquisition means that acquires a file before the OS operates; an on-demand file acquisition means that acquires a file during operation of the OS; and a file judgment means that judges whether a file is used frequently. Files that are frequently used are downloaded before the OS operates, and files that are used infrequently are downloaded during operation of the OS.


Polarization curves of aluminum alloy 1050 were measured to obtain electrochemical parameters such as electron number, change transfer and exchanged current density of hydrogen evolution reaction in the conditions of deareated and open-to-air 0.1 mol dm NaCl solutions. The polarization behaviors are expressed by polarization resistance curves and quantitatively analyzed by using the differential polarization method which differentiated the experimental polarization curves into polarization resistance curves. The polarization resistance curves are interpreted and expressed as a parallel circuit of anodic and cathodic resistance curves for another expression of electrochemical system. It was found that electrochemical parameters of water reduction reaction such as electron number (n), charge transfer (α), and exchanged current density (i0), are calculated as n=1, α=0.4~0.5 and about i0=3×10~4×10 mA cm, respectively.


In this article we show that the Bragg wavelength variation induced by a curvature in the fiber Bragg grating is related to both the variation of the effective index and the variation of the coupling coefficient of counter-propagating modes. The weighting coefficient between the two variables is the mean effective index of the grating. The two effects act in opposition as proved both by our model and by our experimental observations. This work can be used to design strain sensors insensitive to bending, or, on the contrary, bending sensors insensitive to strain.


A micro vibration signal extraction method based on deep neural network is proposed. Rough surface of vibrating object modulates the illuminating laser wave front and generates speckle pattern, which is recorded by a linear array CMOS and preprocessed and input into a 16-layer convolution neural network (CNN) trained with specially prepared data. The optical experimental setup is analyzed to fulfil the temporal and spatial Shannon sampling theorem. The output audio signals are evaluated with standard algorithms and show enhanced segmental SNR and intelligibility. The effects of different input audio types and quality of raw audio signals are investigated, and the results show that the neural network is robust to the input. The CNN structure is optimized and the results show the performance decrease with the reduction of convolution layers. The performances of three popular deep neural networks are compared and the performance of CNN is better.


Using 25 sediment specimen samples from five tributaries of the Puyang River as well as samples from 64 ecological dredging stations, heavy metal concentrations and their potential ecological risks to the sediments prior to and post dredging were determined. Elements As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were analyzed, and then data was plotted based on GIS to compare the pollution levels of different reaches. The index of geo-accumulation and the potential ecological risk index were employed to evaluate the pollution level of heavy metals in the sediments. Results showed that compared to before dredging, after dredging the heavy metal content had decreased one or two times. The potential ecological risk intensity caused by different metals was: As > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr > Zn. Analysis for degree of comprehensive pollution showed that Xixi River had the most pollution among the tributaries; Puyang River had the lowest pollution and was rated a medium ecological hazard. After dredging, there is still the accumulation of heavy metals, the major pollutants is As. [Ch, 2 fig. 5 tab. 17 ref.]


last resource. In any event, it is neither a permission nor an authorization: it is a favor, subject to revocation. As far back as one goes in human history, one finds traces of this elementary social practice. By modern tolerance, we mean the form of tolerance that has developed in modern times and is formulated by Castellion, Spinoza, Locke and in particular Pierre Bayle. To tolerate is to consent to the idea that in the name of freedom, in principle recognized by all, other men think and act accord-


The stripping impact mechanism of ultrahigh pressure pure water jet was analyzed,a simulation method of ultrahigh pressure pure water jet was proposed,an ultrahigh pressure pure water jet modeling was established,and the stripping impact velocity field was simulated.The experiments and simulation show that the modeling is reliable.And the contrast between experiments and simulation show that,there is a velocity nucleus with large energy in the velocity field,and the impact performance is influenced obviously by the pressure.


[Abstract]This study aims to identify the management information systems and the degree of their usage in Jordan Phosphate Mines Company, by acknowledging the extent of their use in terms of accuracy, comprehensiveness, timing, clarity and flexibility of information. The study demonstrates that the management information systems are used in terms of accuracy and comprehensiveness, clarity, timing and flexibility of the information in them. Moreover, the study also exhibited that there is not any statistically significant difference in the degree of the use of management information systems of the employees of Jordan Phosphate Company attributed to the variables of gender, age, and occupation. The most important recommendation of the study is the necessity to develop the information system in order to provide brief, concise and adequate information, and thus, the output of the information system will be comprehensive and able to be represented in charts, graphs and other diagrams.[Keywords] management information systems; Jordan Phosphate Mines Company; accuracy; comprehensiveness; timing; clarity; flexibility of informationIntroductionThe technical development that we experience nowadays has made a significant impact on the process of decision-making in companies at different levels, and the technique of management information system is becoming usable to achieve a number of purposes including predicting economic trends, and identifying consumer trends, in addition to many other things that influence the decision making and the priorities of senior management in companies, especially the economies of developed countries that enjoy free economy which is directly related to the development and usage of management information systems in order to achieve corporate objectives (Yagmore, et al., 2003).Information is considered the main resource necessary for all institutions, because gathering data, processing, and using it effectively, is considered a basic requirement for the success of organizations of various forms in the current era, which is characterized by ongoing and complex environmental changes, and this in turn, forced most institutions to use the information around the clock, in order to make decisions related to various administrative functions such as planning, organizing, directing, and control, however the efficiency of the management system in any organization depends directly on the accuracy, clarity, comprehensiveness and timing of the information.Hence, the need for systems that collect, process, store and broadcast this information, contribute to the emergence of the so-called management information systems, which are commonly referred to as "a group of regular operations that support the different administrative levels by providing the necessary information to assist in the implementation of the work and in decision-making process, within the administrative body" (Ali, 2005). The importance of management information systems resides in finding the information, then collecting, analyzing and preparing it according to the needs of the various workstations in an institution or a company when needed. Moreover, the information system works to achieve the availability of resources for the organization, and increases the efficiency and productivity of these operations. Therefore, companies have paid special attention to the management information systems and its development in a way that serves the needs of the decision makers.Jordan Phosphate Mines CompanyJordan Phosphate Mines Company was founded as a public shareholding in 1953; its objectives are to explore, mine and market the phosphates and fertilizer industry, and to contribute to the establishment of related industries under the license of mining and exploration, which was renewed in November 2001 for a period of twenty years. Phosphates are mainly extracted from the Al- Rashidi mines, the white valley, Hasa, and the Al- Rusaifa mine, where often the inventory is re-carblized. …


ABSTRACT: The high fish diversity of the Amazon has been the subject of study for several research projects because of the importance of its ecosystems. The Environmental Protection Area of the Curiaú River is composed of permanent and temporary lakes within the floodplain forests, favoring a rich diversity of fish species. Pratinha. (Metynnis lippincottianus) is an ornamental fish, widely distributed throughout Brazil and French Guiana. Fish parasites may reflect the environmental quality, as well as the habits of their host. Considering the importance of understanding and contributing to the expansion of studies on fish parasites, the present study aimed to investigate the gills of Metynnis lippincottianus from the Curiaú River basin in the municipality of Macapá (Eastern Amazon). A total of 200 specimens of Metynnis lippincottianus from the Curiaú River were examined and 89% of the analyzed fish were parasitized by metacercariae, Dactylogyridae gen. sp., Piscinoodinium pillulare, Trichodina sp., Henneguya sp., and Myxobolus sp. Despite this high parasitic load, body conditions were not affected. This is the first documented incidence of a species belonging to the Phylum Cnidaria: Myxozoa in Metynnis lippincottianus.


We compare two alternative definitions of the meridional surface temperature gradient (MTG) in the northern hemisphere. One focuses on equator-pole differences ((0°–25°N)–(65°–90°N)) and the other focuses on differences over midlatitudes ((30°–35°N)–(50°–55°N)). The MTG is sensitive to the choice of latitudes used to define it, and these two MTGs show substantial differences in behavior on timescales from interannual to multidecadal. The equator-pole MTG is plagued by missing data in the high-latitude belt, which affects its characteristics over at least the early part of the data record. Because the missing data are concentrated most heavily in the northernmost zones of the high-latitude belt, the variance of the equator-pole MTG is unduly high. This suggests a need to weight the equator-pole MTG by data availability in each latitude zone. The midlatitude-oriented MTG is more robust with respect to data availability and provides a measure of midlatitude circulation features.