The spectroscopic diagnostic technique of two photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) of atomic species for non-intrusive arc jet flow property measurement was first implemented at NASA Ames in the mid-1990s. Use of TALIF expanded at NASA Ames and to NASA Johnson's arc jet facility in the late 2000s. In 2013-2014, NASA combined the agency's large-scale arc jet test capabilities at NASA Ames. Concurrent with that effort, the agency also sponsored a project to establish two comprehensive LIF diagnostic systems for the Aerodynamic Heating Facility (AHF) and Interaction Heating Facility (IHF) arc jets. The scope of the project enabled further engineering development of the existing IHF LIF system as well as the complete reconstruction of the original AHF LIF system. The updated LIF systems are identical in design and capability. They represent the culmination of over 20 years of development experience in transitioning a specialized laboratory research tool into a measurement system for large-scale, high-demand test facilities. This paper documents the overall system design from measurement requirements to implementation. Representative data from the redeveloped AHF and IHF LIF systems are also presented.


Abstract An almost non-disturbing method to plot quasistatic ferroelectric hysteresis loops was used to study TGS single crystals subjected to accumulative X-radiation. The hysteresis loop disappearance depends exclusively on the magnitude of the applied electric field. If the field increases the hysteresis loop still persists. The mechanism of polarization reversal is modified only in the direction of the polarization opposite to that during the irradiation time. Therefore, it is not correct to talk about an irradiation induced bias field as one usually does. The whole polarization is also measured through the polarization-temperature patterns. When the hysteresis loop disappears with the irradiation, P is still observed in the P-T diagram and its value is the same as for an un-irradiated crystal; also the transition temperature remains unchanged.


Fault tolerant system design is of high importance in today's emerging era. Aircraft control, medical applications, automobiles, security services and other critical applications demand high degree of fault tolerance. Fault tolerant power supplies form an important sub system of all critical applications. This paper makes an attempt to understand different fault tolerant power systems and ways of achieving fault tolerance in different power converters.


A simulation model for the burden distribution at blast furnace top was used for the quantitative evaluation of the effects of various charging conditions on the burden distribution and was applied to the actual operations at Kokura #2BF in cases of the control of hot spot occurrence at lower shaft and the control of furnace wall 'activeness'.Among three charging conditions, that is, coke base, charged O/C, and stock level, coke base has the most significant effect on the burden distribution. The decrease in charged O/C at furnace center was accelerated by the mixed layer formation during ore dumping in cases of the increase in coke base and charged O/C. On the other hand, the rise of stock level resulted in the increase in charged O/C at furnace center, which differs from the previous knowledge.For the restraint of hot spot occurrence, both suitable selection of movable armor notch based on the model computation and the mortar injection are important. To enhance wall 'activeness' the movable armor operation was successfully performed on the basis of the model computation. Through these applications of the model to actual operations, the effectiveness and the usefulness of the model was confirmed.


With the increase of carbon dioxide(CO2)concentration in the atmosphere,global warming problems are becoming more and more serious in recent years.Methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation is an efficient way for the recycle of CO2.This process is of great significance from the viewpoint of environmental protection and utilization of renewable energy,and the catalyst plays a key role in the catalytic process.The recent progresses made in the field of catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation were presented in terms of the component,the preparation method and the reaction mechanism.The nature of the active site in the catalyst was analyzed and the roles of carrier and promoter were summarized.A comparison and comment including the merit and/or the defect of different preparation methods for catalyst was made.Moreover,the reaction mechanisms were summarized and discussed.Based on the problems currently existing in the studies,the further research work should be focused on the investigation of reaction mechanism and the innovation of catalyst preparation method.


Aiming at the welding robot's control system of wireless information transmission,a designing method of the stepper deceleration motor controller was proposed by using dsPIC30F5015 digital signal controller(DSC) as a core and the stepper motor integration driver chip TB6560.The hardware circuit diagram and software flow chart of the system was provided.The motion precision of stepper motor was tested.The results show that the absolute error of the motion precision is less than 2% and the relative error is less than 0.1%,and the welding robot motion is smooth and has low noise.The controller can satisfy the welding requirements of welding robot,and the control of welding robot's speed and direction is realized.


In Chapter 14, the singular behavior of ferromagnetic systems with O(N) symmetry and short-range interactions, near a second order phase transition has been determined in the mean-field approximation, which is also a quasi-Gaussian approximation. The mean-field approximation predicts a set of universal properties, properties independent of the detailed structure of the microscopic Hamiltonian, the dimension of space, and, to a large extent, of the symmetry of systems. However, the leading corrections to the mean-field approximation, in dimensions smaller than or equal to four, diverge at the critical temperature, and the universal predictions of the mean-field approximation cannot be correct. Such a problem originates from the non-decoupling of scales and leads to the question of possible universality. In Chapter 9, the question has been answered in four dimensions using renormalization theory, and related renormalization group (RG) equations. Moreover, below four dimensions, in an expansion around the mean-field, the most singular terms near criticality can be also formally recovered from a continuum, low-mass φ4 field theory. More generally, following Wilson, to understand universality beyond the mean-field approximation, it is necessary to build a general renormalization group in the form of flow equations for effective Hamiltonians and to find fixed points of the flow equations. Near four dimensions, the flow equations can be approximated by the renormalization group of quantum field theory (QFT), and the fixed points and critical behaviours derived within the framework of the Wilson-Fisher ϵ expansion.


This study was carried out by experimental analysis of the clinical satisfaction of total knee replacement in patients with degenerative arthritis. The participants in this study were 136 patients diagnosed with degenerative osteoarthritis who had undergone total knee replacement at least 6 weeks previously by orthopedic surgery at a general hospital in a metropolitan area. The data were collected by interview and self-administered questionnaire from February 17 to March 31, 2014. Regarding knowledge information, the greater the knowledge information of patients, the greater their satisfaction with total knee replacement(t=0.46, p<0.05). The R² represents 0.168 in independent variable including a multiple regression model and 16.8% in decision, R². Therefore, the study is needed systematic patient management to increase the satisfaction of total knee replacement and apply its related factors.


The levels of endotoxemia, tumor necrosis factor α, C-reactive protein, sE-selectin, lactate and total peroxides in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) were analyzed according to the severity of the disease. The investigated parameters are markers of inflammation severity, endothelial dysfunction and endogenous intoxication. Their rise in the systemic circulation in patients with CHF compared with those without cardiovascular disease, as well as their dynamics with increasing severity of the disease, suggest the development of systemic inflammation, which increases with the deepening of venous stasis in the progression of CHF. (Cytokines and Inflammation. 2012. Vol. 11. № 1. P. 70–72.)


Anthropogenic pressure on the biosphere has become a common process of the 21st century. Among substances synthesized by humans, genotoxic agents which include pesticides are considered to be particularly dangerous. The number of pesticides used in agriculture is gradually increasing, accumulating and circulating in the biosphere. The use of pesticides is accompanied by their involvement in food chains and accumulation in individuals. They are characterized by a fairly high stress index and cause genetic changes in living organisms. Various test methods have been developed to study these issues. B. Wig and Al. Podok suggested a genetic line for soybean containing a mutation of the chlorophyll-synthesizing gene. The genetic line is characterized by a phenotypic effect. Indicator, genetic line owner soybean, diploid, heterozygous, give three phenotypically different sprouts: green (genotype Y11 Y11), lettuce-color (genotype Y11 y11) and yellow (genotype y11 y11). 1: 2: 1 ratio is observed between the sprouts. This type of ratio is typical for incomplete dominance. Through the spots detected on the leaves it is possible to study the recombinogenic and mutagenic activity in soybean induced by chemical and physical factors and to record the induced changes in somatic cell. Using these systems, we first studied the effects of pesticides karate and Bordeaux on plant growth and sprouting processes and the genetic changes induced by their influence. Both pesticides had an inhibitory effect on physiological processes, also, the frequency of direct mutations was determined by the "dose-effect" phenomenon.


This paper is a translation of two sections of the work Elemente der Völkerpsychologie, by Wilhelm Wundt, and it has been done from the English version, which has as title Elements of Folk Psychology. The translated sections were "The beginnings of language" and "The thinking of primitive man". Within the translated content, Wundt investigates the origin and development of human thought from the comparative study of the language of primitive tribes, also using as an example the language of gestures and child language, with which draws comparisons of syntax and tonality. The author identifies ways of thinking that are revealed through the structure of primitive languages, noticing, however, that the implicit content in their formal characteristics, of a sense perception nature, and not conceptual, is not inherent to the forms of these languages, being necessary the examination of the ideas in themselves and the feelings and emotions associated with them, a task that falls to Experimental Psychology.


This report covers an experimental investigntion into the fubrication of various potential fuel-element materials and the testing of these materials for compatibility with structural metals at 1090 deg C (2000 deg F). The fabrication of fuel-element materials containing dispersions of UC/sub 2/, UC/sub 2/, or uranium --beryilium compound in matrices of molybdenum, beryllium, or Type 316 stainless steel was surveyed using powder-metallurgy methods. Four of these materials were found to be quite amenable to sintering and rolling in jackets, i.e., UO/sub 2/ in beryllium, in stainless steel, or in molybdenum, and uranium -- beryllium compound in beryllium. A fifth material, UO/sub 2/ in nickel, appeared promising but was not thoroughly investigated. Compatibility tests were carried out in vacuo for 100 hours at 1090 deg C plus 15 thermal cycles between room temperature and 1090 deg C. The structural metals used in these tests were beryllium, molybdenum, and stainiess steel (Type 316). Beryllium reacted strongly with molybdenum-, stainless steel-, and nickel-base composites. Molybdenum behaved similarly with beryilium-base composites low in UO/sub 2/ or uranium-beryllium compound but with increasing amounts of these uranium-bearing compounds the reaction decreased markedly. UO/sub 2/ in molybdenum- or stainless steel-base composites was nonreactive. (auth)


The modern sports world would not be possible without the impact of innovation and entrepreneurship. Despite their massive influence on the development of global sport and sports markets, entrepren...


To investigate the penalties associated with using a variable speed power turbine (VSPT) in a rotorcraft capable of vertical takeoff and landing, various analysis tools are required. Such analysis tools must be able to model the flow accurately within the operating envelope of VSPT. For power turbines low Reynolds numbers and a wide range of the incidence angles, positive and negative, due to the variation in the shaft speed at relatively fixed corrected flows, characterize this envelope. The flow in the turbine passage is expected to be transitional and separated at high incidence. The turbulence model of Walters and Leylek was implemented in the NASA Glenn-HT code to enable a more accurate analysis of such flows. Two-dimensional heat transfer predictions of flat plate flow and two-dimensional and three-dimensional heat transfer predictions on a turbine blade were performed and reported herein. Heat transfer computations were performed because it is a good marker for transition. The final goal is to be able to compute the aerodynamic losses. Armed with the new transition model, total pressure losses for three-dimensional flow of an Energy Efficient Engine (E3) tip section cascade for a range of incidence angles were computed in anticipation of the experimental data. The results obtained form a loss bucket for the chosen blade.


We try to revive the first generation chaotic secure communication scheme by improving the degree of security level, using the concept of mutual chaotic synchronization. This provides additional robustness to secure communication systems designed for quality of service applications. This is aimed at obtaining a system which can generate very long streams of keys to be directly used for one-time stream ciphers (additive masking). The first generation scheme has the advantage of being easily implementable and uses less complex algorithm but have less degree of security. This proposed method is supposed to increase the degree of security level as it is protected against the parameter estimation attacks, which are a major threat to the identical synchronization schemes.


OBJECTIVE To explore the curative effect of Shanggan Granule on fever caused by virus infection of upper respiratory tract.METHODS 180 patients were observed with 1∶1 randomized control.The treatment group was administrated by Shanggan Granule,while control group by Yinhuang Granule with similar functions and effects to observe patients' temperature,symptoms and physical signs.RESULTS The curative rate of pyretolysis in treatment and control groups were 83% and 67.78% respectively after 72 hours' administration;the immediate pyretolysis rates were 34.44% and 25.56% respectively.CONCLUSION Shanggan Granule with notable curative effect on fever caused by virus infection of upper respiratory tract can magnificently remove fever and improve clinical symptoms.


This article describes the advanced graduate curriculum in rehabilitation science recently developed at the University of Texas Medical Branch. The need for the establishment of research based graduate programs in rehabilitation science is discussed in relation to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report titled Enabling America: Assessing the Role of Rehabilitation Science and Engineering. The conceptual framework for course development and faculty/student research in the rehabilitation science curriculum is based on the EnablingDisabling Model presented in the IOM report. This model has been adapted to include components of the World Health Organization's revised International Classification of Functioning and Disability. The components and structure of the curriculum are described and information presented regarding admission and areas of research focus.


Anemia, as determined by hematocrit, and gametocytemia are related to the life cycle of Leucocytozoon simondi in naturally infected Pekin ducklings. Anemia begins subsequent to day 4 postexposure t...


It needs tax plan to perfect the system of financial management for modern business. While market economy provides the possibability for tax plan, the tax plan persists in servicing the total target of business and decision proces, obeys comprehensive and planning principle in advance etc.


We read with great interest the report on the randomized controlled trial on L-ornithine-Laspartate (LOLA) in bouts of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) by Sidhu et al. They have very nicely demonstrated that in patients with bouts of overt HE addition of LOLA to a standard lactulose-containing regimen shortens the time to resolution of HE. The evidence on the use of LOLA in bouts of overt HE is scant at best. Only two small trials, both from Pakistan, have considered this specific question. This trial included a carefully selected cohort of patients with overt HE, without acute-on-chronic liver failure or advanced renal failure, thereby explaining the relatively lower 1-month mortality rate. Studies have shown in-hospital mortality in over one third of patients having HE at presentation. In addition to faster resolution of HE, the LOLA group had a much shorter hospital stay. It was interesting to note that despite only one death in the LOLA group (1%) and resolution of HE by day 5 in >70% of patients, the mean length of hospital stay was 8.4 days in the LOLA group and 11.5 days in the placebo group. It seems unlikely that LOLA plays a role in the reduction of hospital stay once HE resolves. It would be interesting to know the factors responsible for this shortening of hospital stay despite similar time to HE resolution. The investigators implemented a novel approach of administering 120 mL of oral lactulose thrice daily in patients with constipation. Was there a difference in the mean lactulose dose in each group, and did any subject develop diarrhea and dyselectrolytemia because of lactulose therapy in either group? These factors too may affect the resolution of HE. Additionally, patients with grade 3-4 HE form the more worrisome group, requiring intubation and intensive care. The use of LOLA in grade 3-4 HE did not reduce the time to resolution or the hospital stay in this group, limiting its potential use in such patients until the availability of further evidence. Overall, this interesting study paves the way for a possible add-on role of LOLA to the existing lactulosebased therapy in patients with bouts of overt HE, a problem upon which, despite its frequent occurrence, the literature is rather sparse.


This paper describes implementation of interactive manmachine interfaces utilizing programmable controller (PC) based software macroprocessors. The system is entirely PC resident and provides architecture and instruction enhancements which emulate a general purpose computer. Multiprocessing and multiprogramming are supported.


The evolving communication infrastructure of the third generation networks provides new possibilities as well as new challenges for information agents. Detailing the architecture of MIA, a prototype of a multi agent information system for mobile users, we describe the impact of upcoming network and client improvements on information agents. The expansion of accessible sources enables the agent system to provide personalized market information just when it becomes available. Due to its autonomous activity the user will not be forced to wait for results after the specification of his wishes. Valuable information services like this will be a driving force in the acceptance of the new mobile network infrastructure.


We exploit ionization-parameter mapping (IPM) as a powerful tool to measure the optical depth of star-forming H ii regions. Our simulations using the photoionization code Cloudy and our new, SurfBright surface-brightness simulator demonstrate that this technique can directly diagnose most density-bounded, optically thin nebulae using spatially resolved emission-line data. We apply this method to the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC), using the data from the Magellanic Clouds Emission Line Survey. We generate new H ii region catalogs based on photoionization criteria set by the observed ionization structure in the [S ii]/[O iii] ratio and Hα surface brightness. The luminosity functions from these catalogs generally agree with those from Hα-only surveys. We then use IPM to crudely classify all the nebulae into optically thick versus optically thin categories, yielding fundamental new insights into Lyman-continuum (LyC) radiation transfer. We find that in both galaxies, the frequency of optically thin objects correlates with Hα luminosity, and that the numbers of these objects dominate above log L/(erg s−1) ⩾ 37.0. The frequencies of optically thin objects are 40% and 33% in the LMC and SMC, respectively. Similarly, the frequency of optically thick regions correlates with H i column density, with optically thin objects dominating at the lowest N(H i). The integrated escape luminosity of ionizing radiation is dominated by the largest regions and corresponds to luminosity-weighted, ionizing escape fractions from the H ii region population of ⩾0.42 and ⩾0.40 in the LMC and SMC, respectively. These values correspond to global galactic escape fractions of 4% and 11%, respectively. This is sufficient to power the ionization rate of the observed diffuse ionized gas in both galaxies. Since our optical depth estimates tend to be underestimates, and also omit the contribution from field stars without nebulae, our results suggest the possibility of significant galactic escape fractions of LyC radiation.


A measure of fertility change during the last 50 years from great-grandmothers (M3) to grandmothers (M2) to mothers (M1) of current births can be obtained by routinely ascertaining the birth order (123 and so forth) of current infants of their mothers and of their mothers mothers; and by use of the following equations. Average Birth Order of Infants (ABOI) divided by Average Birth Order of Mothers (ABOM); minus 1; multiplied by 100; equals the % Birth Order Change (%BOC) from the maternal generation (M) to the current infant generation (I). Since the average birth order of each generation is determined by the fertility of the prior generation birth order data and this equation can be used as a rough measure of the fertility change (FC) between the grandmother generation (M2) and the current maternal generation (M1). From 3 data times (the birth order of an infant the mother herself and the mothers mother) readily obtainable by interview from most mothers of current births the relative reproductive performance can be calculated for 3 generations. To the extent that the reproductive performance of any generation was known as a fertility rate the fertility rates for earlier or later generations can be roughly estimated from the % changes in birth order ratios. The fact that the reproductive performance of multiple generations can be readily compared retrospectively by means of birth order ratios from numerator data should make this a useful technique for identifying the time when traditional societies modified their fertility control behavior. It is also useful for comparisons of fertility control behavior by diverse subgroups within national populations.


A 76 year old patient underwent a laparoscopic rectal resection performed under thoracic epidural anaesthesia and general anaesthesia. He was inadvertently given 1 g of paracetamol epidural and reported a position-independent holocephalic headache one day later. A severe nausea and vomiting lead to a gastrointestinal bleeding. The last neurological examination after 3 months revealed no nausea, no headaches and no sensory disturbances.


Acute ischemic stroke is common and often treatable. Imaging by computed tomography (CT) and MRI is valuable for stroke treatment, in addition, for diagnosis, and for identification of the pathogenesis. But how they are used also depends on practical considerations. The approach to imaging the patient with acute stroke used at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) is described. It is a distillation of our experience and a critical review of the literature and was developed through collaborations among the Acute Stroke Service, the Neuroradiology Division, and the Neurointerventional Program at the MGH. The focus is on rapid diagnosis, the guidance of treatment using intravenously administered tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and intra-arterial treatments (IATs).

Stroke is highly heterogeneous, but it is useful to categorize patients into hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and the latter into those with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms (Table 1). The data in Table 1 are from the Screening Technology and Outcomes Project in Stroke (STOPStroke) study, a prospective, multiyear, observational study of patients with consecutive ischemic stroke at MGH and University of California, San Francisco.1 Most patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke have mild symptoms (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS], 85%, if a major artery is occluded, and therapy is not instituted rapidly.

View this table:

Table 1.
Clinical Status, Treatment, and Imaging

Most patients with a severe stroke syndrome (NIHSS, >10) have a major anterior circulation occlusion, most commonly of a middle …


Caracaras (Aves, Falconiformes, Falconidae) are Neotropical diurnal raptors that belong to the subfamily Polyborinae. The forelimb myo logy of this group has not been comprehensively studied or compared with that of other Falconidae. Thus, the aims of this study were i) to describe the forelimb muscles of two species of Polyborinae (Caracara plancus and Milvago chimango), ii) to explore the possible relationship between muscular features and their function in flight behavior and iii) to compare the muscular features of these species with those of species of the subfamily Falconinae. To this end, the forelimb muscles of C. plancus (n = 4) and M. chimango (n = 4) were dissect ed. Additonally, to complement this data set, two specimens of M. chimachima were dissected. The mass of each muscle of one wing and its percentage with respect to the body mass were obtained. A total of 45 muscles were identified, and differences with respect to Falconinae were related to the presence of single or additional bellies. The total forelimb muscle mass represented between 7.68 and 10.26 % of the body mass. The muscle pectoralis represented ̴ 5% of the body mass, followed by the muscles scapulohumeralis caudalis (0.64 – 0.79%), deltoideus major (0.43 – 0.53%), supracoracoideus (0.34 – 0.38%) and biceps brachii (0.26 – 0.39%). The high values of these muscles are in agreement with their important function: they are involved in the downstroke and upstroke phases of the flapping flight. On the other hand, the muscles that seemed to contribute little to the mechanical power for flight presented low values that ranged between 0.01 and 0.25%. Comparison of the forelimb muscles of caracaras with published data on Falconinae species suggests that their muscular features might be associated with their type of flight, which is more erratic and less powerful than that of Falconinae.


The need for interaction that arose given the social distancing imposed on people by governments during the COVID-19 has increased the use of social media (SM). The current study distinguishes between two different patterns of SM use: problematic and intensive, and examines the impact of each specific type of SM on social and mental aspects (i.e., social support, loneliness, and life satisfaction). The sample included 363 higher education students. Data were gathered during a second lockdown using Partial Least Squares—Structural Equation Modeling. The model indicated two different trajectories corresponding to the two types of SM users: Intensive users reported having more family support, whereas problematic users tended to feel lonely, reported having low life satisfaction, and had less support from friends. This study may allude to the possible positive role of SM use, especially during social distancing, in alleviating social and mental burdens in times of crisis.


The aim of this study was to develop a lower body explosive power (LBEP) prediction model from various physical and motor performance components among a cohort of male and female adolescents living in the Tlokwe local municipality of the North-West Province. A cross-sectional experimental research design was employed with 214 15-year-old adolescents (88 males; 126 females; mean age: 15.8±0.68 years), from six schools, two from the Potchefstroom city area and four from the Ikageng area. They were measured over a 7-day period. Informed consent and demographic questionnaires were completed followed by seven physical and 14 motor performance tests. Regression analyses indicated that gender and 10m-speed formed a significant component-derived prediction model for LBEP values in 15-year-old adolescents, with gender contributing 39% (R 2 =0.39) and 10m-speed contributing 7% (R 2 =0.07). Results show that 46% (R 2 =0.46) of the LBEP can be predicted by speed and gender components of adolescents. Variables other than physical and motor performance components contributed 54% to LBEP prediction in adolescents. The results could be used to identify adolescents who show potential to excel in LBEP performance driven sport. Keywords: Explosive Power, Motor and Physical Performance, Prediction Model, Adolescents, Gender


This study to determine whether there is a significant influence of positive teachers  and peers against moral education students In MTs Negeri 2 Kota Bengkulu. This research  uses quantitative approach. The population is all students of class VI MTs Negeri 2 Kota Bengkulu.  Sampling  is done  by purposive sampling  that is determination technique with certain consideration. Data were analyzed  by using simple and double  linear regression  test.The result of this research  shows that there is a significant influence  between  teacher  toward  moral education of VII MTS Negeri 2 Kota Bengkulu  academic year 2016/2017 is 30.7%, while the rest 69.3%  is influenced  by other  variables  besides  teacher  variables.  There  is a significant influence  between  peers to moral education of students  is 10.3%  and There is a significant influence between  teachers  and peers to moral education of students  by 55.6%  while the remaining 44.4%  dipegaruhi by variables other than teacher  variables and peers


Abstract Pilot scale study using an anaerobic‐anoxic‐aerobic activated sludge process for the treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater in Taiwan was carried out. The BOD, TN and TP removal efficiency of 97.8%, 67.4% and 77.4% were achieved, respectively. Furthermore, effluent TN and TP were decreased to the lever of 8.7 mg/L and 1.13 mg/L, respectively. This showed that the biological treatment process used in this study could remove not only organic matter, but also nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater. The studies evaluating the rate of nitrification, denitrification, phosphorus release and phosphorus uptake were also performed. During steady state, average results of KN, KDN, KPR and KPU were 0.736 mgNH4‐ N/gMLSS‐hr, 0.524 mgNO3‐N/gMLSS‐hr, 0.174 mgPO4‐P/gMLSS‐hr and 0.243 L/gMLSS‐hr, respectively.


Thispaperproposes anewclass ofSpace-Time STC.Incontrast, forfrequency selective channels where BlockCode, whichismanipulated fromtheexisting transmit frequency diversity isavailable, thefull diversity becomes a diversity schemes. Weanalyze theperformance andthereceiver less important issue. Therefore, abetter strategy istoloosen complexity oftheproposed schemeandconfirm thatthenew thefull diversity condition andcomplement thelossofthe diversity schemecanyield performance gain overother existing four-transmit antenna cases. Byrelaxing thediversity criterion diversity order bythechannel frequency diversity exploited oncodedesigns, theproposed space-time codeprovides afullbyOFDM-based systems sothat we canconcentrate onthe transmission rate forfour-transmit antennas andmakesitpossi- full rate andmaximize thecoding gaininstead. Inthis paper, bletoapproach theopen-loop Shannon channel capacity. Outagewe propose pseudo-orthogonal space-time blockcodesfor capacity andsimulation results areusedtoshowthatsubstantial MIMO-OFDM systems overfrequency-selective channels. It improvements inperformance while maintaing asimple linear processing receiver structure areobtained infrequency selective willbeshownthat theproposed pseudo-orthogonal scheme channels. provide additional coding advantage whilemaintaining a simple decoding algorithm. Theorganization ofthepaper isasfollows. Insection II, we construct anewclass ofspace-time block codes (STBC) and derive areceiver algorithm. Insection III, we analyze the Recently, manyresearchers havestudies using multiple performance ofthenewscheme. Insection IV,wecompute antennas withspace-time codes (STC) since asimple transmit theoutage capacity oftheproposed STBCandcompare itto diversity concept wasintroduced byAlamouti (1). TheSTC other alternative schemes. Insection V,thesimulation results techniques areusedtoimprove theperformance ofmultiple- arepresented comparing toother competing designs. Finally, input multiple-output (MIMO)systems. Thepotential gainsthepaper isterminated withconclusions insection VI oftheSTC/MIMOsystem arepresented in(2)(3)(4)(5) (6)(7)(8).A coreideaisthespace-time signal process-II.A NEW CLASSOFSPACE-TIMEBLOCK CODE inginwhichthetimedomainoperation iscomplementedInthissection, we introduce a new class ofspacetime withthespatial dimension processing inherent intheuse ..


In integrated pest management, crop rotation is of great importance as a preventive measure for the control of diseases and weeds. The alternation of cereals and leaf crops, and spring and winter crops aims to counteract the development of biased weed populations. In the crop rotation experiment in Harste the influence of different crop rotations on weed infestation in sugar beets (SB) and winter wheat (WW) was determined in subsequent crop rotations (investigated crop rotation fields are marked with *): 1.) SB* -WW* -WW, 2.) WW* monoculture, 3.) silage maize (SM) -WW* -WW, 4.) winter oilseed rape (WRa) -WW* -WW, 5.) SB* -WW* -SM and 6.) SB* -WW* -WRa-WW-WW-grain pea (GP). For this purpose untreated sub plots were established in spring 2018 and, once the herbicide measures were completed in the treated part of the plots, weed species-specific abundance and above-ground dry matter were determined. In SB, a significantly higher total weed abundance and above-ground dry mass was found in the crop rotation SB-WW-WRa-WW-WW-GP compared to the crop rotation SB-WW-WW. In the crop rotation SB-WW-WRa-WW-WW-GP, a significantly higher abundance of MATCH and a significantly higher dry mass of STEME were detected than in the crop rotation SB-WW-SM. The SB-WWSM crop rotation tended to have the lowest Shannon index of weed abundance due to the dominance of ECHCG. The crop rotation SB-WW-WRa-WW-WW-GP tended to show the most diverse weed spectrum. In WW, total weed abundance was significantly highest succeeding WRa. Above-ground weed dry matter and Shannon index differences were lower and not significant.


The letter rejects Thomas Friedman's (1999) theory according to which economic integration diminishes the likelihood of economic conflict. The author points out that Friedman's assumption that "no two countries that both had McDonalds had fought a war against each other since each got its McDonalds" had been falsified by the fact that both Moscow and Tbilisi were harboring McDonalds when the war in South Ossetia broke out in August 2008. I.e., economic integration is no guarantee for peace as history had already shown in 1914.


Before 1961 the isolated Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan had little contact with the outside world. With bilateral (Indian) and international aid, a series of five-year plans has been adopted during the past 25 years. Developments in road construction, education, agriculture, and health care at first led to the "Perpetual Aid Syndrome" but in the mid-1970s changes in the administrative structure have led to development based on self-reliance whereby local districts are responsible and accountable for progress. Recommendations for sustainable, holistic development are given. RESUM' Vingt cinq ans de diveloppement au Bhoutan. Le royaume du Bhoutan dans l'Himalaya a eu peu de contacts avec le monde exterieur avant 1961. Une sr aber Anderungen in der Verwaltungsstruktur wiihrend der 70er Jahre ffihrten dann zu einer eigenstindigen Entwicklung, wobei die Bezirke selbst ffir den Fortschritt verantwortlich und rechenschaftspflichtig sind. Empfehlungen zur anhaltenden, ganzheitlichen Entwicklung werden gegeben.


Presidents of the United States have utilized humor to bolster support for their policies and to diminish opposition to their election or re-election. Although most Chief Execu tives have displayed some ready wit, perhaps a dozen have been noted for their sense of humor. This study concentrates on the humorous responses to challenging situations and exacting questions from reporters by twelve of the Presidents and one First Lady from 1861 to the present time. The most extensive examination is given to the remarks of Abraham Lincoln, best known among all U.S. Presidents as a humorous storyteller, with each anecdote drawing a strong moral or making clear a crucial point of view. The confrontations that provoked the humorous responses herein cited range from pressure to negotiate a stalemate for the Civil War to rejecting office seekers and narrow-issue lobbyists with a minimum of negativism. Such challenges from the 1860s through the turn of the century and the two World Wars find parallels in the 1980s. Some basic challenges confronting a Presi dent recur through the decades. Political Humor's Goals Through the centuries political leaders have employed humor to reduce or negate attacks of those opposing their policies or who vie with them for public office. Politicians have relied on humor to build public support for their goals and compliance with their administered programs. Frederick W. H. Myers in a pioneering study of the psychology of humor in 1903 observed, "Witty explanations balance life's tragedies and pleasant thoughts, and allow great ideas to triumph."1 As utilized by the Chief Executives of the United States, light-hearted phrases from the time of George Washington to the present day have provoked citizens to become active sup porters of policies, to cast ballots for entertaining candidates, to remain loyal to a polit ical party or re-register with a rival party, and to observe the restrictions and guide lines of public life imposed by the government. During the independence bicentennial in 1976 and forthcoming during the con stitutional bicentennial in 1987, various studies have or will have recalled the sparkling thoughts of our Presidents during the early years of the republic. Given the obvious limitations of time at a panel presentation, this study will concern selective humorous remarks from some of the presidents from the time of Lincoln to the administration of Reagan.


All four species of the  Faltala  Oman leafhopper group occurring in Argentina,  Faltala brachyptera  Oman,  F. furcipennis  Cheng,  Clorindaia hecaloides  Linnavuori and  C. brasileira  Zahniser & Webb, are reviewed. The female of  Faltala furcipennis  is described for the first time and some additional traits for the male and female genitalia of  F. brachyptera, F. furcipennis  and  Clorindaia brasileira  are included. A key to identify the four Argentinean species, based on male and female genitalia - including the specific differences in microsculpturing of the first valvulae- and the external morphology is presented. Further information on the geographical distribution of these grass-specialists is reported and  Faltala furcipennis  and  Clorindaia brasileira  are recorded as new in Argentina


Communication has a positive influence on culture construction of enterprises.It is an impetus to cultural reform of enterprises and the foothold of its cultural individuality.The construction of modern management mechanism of enterprises could not lack communicating mechanism that workers'staff take part in.


Emission of light fragments (LF) from nuclear reactions is an open question. Different reaction mechanisms contribute to their production; the relative roles of each, and how they change with incident energy, mass number of the target, and the type and emission energy of the fragments is not completely understood. None of the available models are able to accurately predict emission of LF from arbitrary reactions. However, the ability to describe production of LF (especially at energies ≳ 30 MeV) from many reactions is important for different applications, such as cosmic-ray-induced Single Event Upsets (SEUs), radiation protection, and cancer therapy with proton and heavy-ion beams, to name just a few. The Cascade-Exciton Model (CEM) version 03.03 and the Los Alamos version of the Quark-Gluon String Model (LAQGSM) version 03.03 event generators in Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code version 6 (MCNP6) describe quite well the spectra of fragments with sizes up to ⁴He across a broad range of target masses and incident energies (up to ~ 5 GeV for CEM and up to ~ 1 TeV/A for LAQGSM). However, they do not predict the high energy tails of LF spectra heavier than ⁴He well. Most LF with energies above several tens ofmore » MeV are emitted during the precompound stage of a reaction. The current versions of the CEM and LAQGSM event generators do not account for precompound emission of LF larger than ⁴He. The aim of our work is to extend the precompound model in them to include such processes, leading to an increase of predictive power of LF-production in MCNP6. This entails upgrading the Modified Exciton Model currently used at the preequilibrium stage in CEM and LAQGSM. It also includes expansion and examination of the coalescence and Fermi break-up models used in the precompound stages of spallation reactions within CEM and LAQGSM. Extending our models to include emission of fragments heavier than ⁴He at the precompound stage has indeed provided results that have much better agreement with experimental data.« less


Filipa Lima from the Bank of Portugal explained in detail the measurement of credit risk transfers. Several international initiatives triggered by the financial turmoil are about to come to fruition. Data reporting on securitisation by banks and financial vehicle corporations will soon begin in the euro area. Their gross positions/flows in financial derivatives will be identified. The BIS statistics already contain some derivative data but new statistics on the credit default swap data will also be compiled.


Resumen en: The antineoplastic agents cyclophosphamide (CFM) and radiation X (RAD) can produce neurogenic inflammation in the urinary bladder and in the gastrointest...


Terahertz (THz) imaging has drawn significant attention because THz wave has a unique capability to transient, ultra-wide spectrum and low photon energy. However, the low resolution has always been a problem due to its long wavelength, limiting their application of fields practical use. In this paper, we proposed a complex one-shot super-resolution (COSSR) framework based on a complex convolution neural network to restore superior THz images at 0.35 times wavelength by extracting features directly from a reference measured sample and groundtruth without the measured PSF. Compared with real convolution neural network-based approaches and complex zero-shot super-resolution (CZSSR), COSSR delivers at least 6.67, 0.003, and 6.96% superior higher imaging efficacy in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM), respectively, for the analyzed data. Additionally, the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated to have a good generalization and to perform well on measured data. The COSSR provides a new pathway for THz imaging super-resolution (SR) reconstruction below the diffraction limit.


In Mongolia, for the first time in Asia, a rare species of myxomycetes, Perichaena heterospinispora, has been recorded. Studies were conducted in the vicinity of Ulaanbaatar, in the steppes near Chinggis Khaan Airport. The article provides a description of this species, photographs of sporocarps, photographs of spores on a scanning electron microscope. A description and photographs of capillitial threads are presented for the first time. This rare species differs from all known species of the genus in its unique ornamentation of spores.


While national level data on mortality from the current heatwave are not yet available, there have beenmedia reports of 25 deaths in thewestern Indian state of Maharashtra, the highest mortality from a heatwave in that region in six years. However, Maharashtra is not particularly badly affected by the current high temperatures, and accurate reporting on mortality rates from heatstroke is largely inadequate in other Indian states.


The diborene 1 was synthesized by reduction of a mixture of 1,2-di-9-anthryl-1,2-dibromodiborane(4) (6) and trimethylphosphine with potassium graphite. The X-ray structure of 1 shows the two anthryl rings to be parallel and their π(C14) systems perpendicular to the diborene π(B=B) system. This twisted conformation allows for intercalation of the relatively high-lying π(B=B) orbital and the low-lying π* orbital of the anthryl moiety with no significant conjugation, resulting in a small HOMO-LUMO gap (HLG) and ultimately an unprecedented anthryl B–B bond hydroarylation. The HLG of 1 was estimated to be 1.57 eV from the onset of the long wavelength band in its UV–vis absorption spectrum (THF, λonset = 788 nm). The oxidation of 1 with elemental selenium afforded diboraselenirane 8 in quantitative yield. By oxidative abstraction of one phosphine ligand by another equivalent ofion of one phosphine ligand by another equivalent of elemental selenium, the B–B and C 1 –H bonds of 8 were cleaved to give the cyclic 1,9-diboraanthracene 9. Since the first definitive synthesis of a doubly base-stabilized diborene by Robinson and coworkers in 2007, 1 much progress has been made in the synthesis and reactivity of this family of reactive compounds. 2,3,4 However, given the limits of competent Lewis bases and substituents, isolable neutral diborenes are still relatively few. 2d,3m,4 Thus far, only heteroaromatic rings, such as furyl, have been shown to stay coplanar with the diborene π(B=B) system, 3c,f allowing their π systems to conjugate. On the other hand, we envisage that π-electron systems in twisted arylsubstituted diborenes 3b,d,k may provide a scaffold to intercalate the low-lying π* orbitals of arenes, such as anthracene and longer acenes, 5 into the diborene π(B=B) frontier orbitals to engineer a small HOMO-LUMO gap (HLG), even in the absence of π-conjugation (Figure 1). 3g,6 A torsion angle of 90 o between π(B=B) and π(aryl) systems would be the ideal conformation for this purpose. In our previous studies, such torsion angles in NHC-stabilized 3b and phosphine-stabilized 3d,k diborenes were found to be 54 o and 88 o , respectively. With this in mind, DFT calculations were first carried out to elucidate the possibility of frontier orbital intercalation in anthryl-substituted diborene 1, with the choice of phosphine ligand PMe3 rather than NHC ligands. As shown in Figure 1, the HOMO of 1 is mainly a B–B π-bonding orbital, while the LUMO is completely located on the anthryl moieties, which consists of in-phase LUMOs of anthracene. 7 The LUMO+1, consisting of anti-phase LUMOs of anthracene and a small amount of B–B σ-bonding character, is almost degenerate with the LUMO. Such pseudo-degeneracy is also observed for HOMO-1/-2. 7 These results clearly demonstrate a strong electronic decoupling in the frontier orbital intercalation of diborene and anthracene in 1. Figure 1. Schematic of the frontier orbital intercalation between anthracene and diborene frontier orbitals in 1. The extremely electron-rich B=B double bond of diborenes completely dominates their reactivity (B-centered reactivity as shown in Figure 1), usually leaving the substituents intact, which play exclusively the role of protecting groups. 2d However, in the orbital intercalation case of dianthryldiborene 1, electrons in HOMO-1/-2, originating from the highest-energy anthryl-based orbitals, may allow further transformations (L-centered reactivity as shown in Figure 1). Herein, the synthesis, characterization and reactivity of 9-anthryl-substituted diborene 1 are reported, which has a HLG as small as 1.57 eV. In the presence of an excess of elemental selenium, the B=B bond is oxidized, [a] Dr. S. R. Wang, Dr. M. Arrowsmith, J. Böhnke, Prof. Dr. H. Braunschweig, Dr. T. Dellermann, Dr. R. D. Dewhurst, H. Kelch, Dr. I. Krummenacher, J. H. Müssig, T. Thiess Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany) and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany) E-mail: email@example.com [b] J. D. Mattock, Dr. A. Vargas Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex Brighton BN1 9QJ, Sussex (UK) [c] Dr. J. Zhang Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong (China) followed by hydroarylation and cleavage of the B–B single bond by an anthryl C 1 –H bond, an unprecedented reactivity pattern for diborenes. 3j,l To synthesize 1, the new precursor 1,2-dibromodiborane(4) 6 was first prepared as orange needles from 9-bromoanthracene 2 and 1,2-dibromo-1,2-bis(dimethylamino)diborane(4) 3 in four steps in an overall yield of ca. 50% (Scheme 1). 7,8 Compounds 4–6 were fully characterized by H, B, and C{H} NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Their structures were further confirmed by X-ray crystallography, as shown in Figure 2. 7 While the boron–boron bond lengths of these diboranes(4) vary little upon changing the substituents [1.713(4), 1.723(4), and 1.669(9) Å for 4–6, respectively], the B NMR signals are significantly shifted downfield from 52.1 ppm (4) and 64.0 ppm (5) to 92.5 ppm (6).


The partition coefficient of Gd‐DTPA was thought to vary with the amount of cellular membrane damage after an acute myocardial infarction. The relationship between the partition coefficient of Gd‐DTPA (λ) and the uptake of 201TI (as a marker of tissue viability) was studied 2 h to 3 weeks after reperfusion of a 2‐h occlusion to the left anterior descending coronary artery in a canine model. Gd‐DTPA was infused as a bolus followed by a prolonged constant infusion, and this infusion protocol was optimized such that the concentration of Gd‐DTPA was directly related to λ. After this infusion, MR images of excised hearts showed regions of increased signal intensity corresponding to increased Gd‐DTPA concentration. At all time points, λ and 201TI uptake were strongly negatively correlated indicating that λ is an accurate indicator of myocardial viability. Furthermore, λ in the infarcted regions was increased relative to normal regions after 2 h of reperfusion and stayed elevated up to 3 weeks. At all time points, λ in the infarcted and normal regions were significantly different. As well, this data showed a trend that λ in infarcted regions decreased monotonically from 1 day to 3 weeks. This trend was confirmed with MR imaging by examining the change in signal intensity of in vivo images from 4 days to 3 weeks in two animals. These results suggest that MRI with Gd‐DTPA could be used to measure the extent of myocardial damage after an acute myocardial infarction.


In this article we construct a sequence $\{M_i\}$ of non compact finite volume hyperbolic $3$-manifolds whose kissing number grows at least as $\vol(M_i)^{\frac{31}{27}-\epsilon}$ for any $\epsilon>0$. This extends a previous result due to Schmutz in dimension $2$.


Strain JG3 is a rhizobacterium isolate originated from root of Zea mays cultivated
in Purwokerto, Indonesia, which has the ability to produce lipase but unclear
taxonomy status. Since lipase catalyzes hydrolysis of triglycerides to form
glycerol and fatty acids, it is intriguing to know whether strain JG3 is able to
metabolize glycerol from the lipolysis process. This study aimed to determine
taxonomy status of strain JG3, to isolate genes involved in glycerol metabolism
(glpD dan glpK) and to identify the ability of the strain to metabolize glycerol.
Bacterial identification was carried out using SEM (Scanning Electron
Microscope), BD Phoenix 100 Automated Microbiology System and 16S rRNA
gene analysis. Partial isolation of glpD and glpK was done using optimized colony
PCR with primers designed from conserved region of referred genes of
Proteobacteria and arbitrarily-primed PCR using gene specific primers.
Identification on the ability of strain JG3 to metabolize glycerol was carried out in
vitro using glycerol minimal medium. Identification test results showed that cells
of strain JG3 are coccobacilli and the rhizobacterium was detected as Alcaligenes
faecalis species with 99% BD Phoenix screening confidence. Phylogenetic
analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence (GenBank acc. no. AB914514) confirmed
this result revealing the closest relationship between strain JG3 and A.faecalis and
A.aquatilis with similarity on nucleotide sequence by 96% maximum. Thus,
strain JG3 belongs to genus Alcaligenes namely Alcaligenes sp. JG3. Colony and
arbitrarily-primed PCR resulted in 3 DNA isolates of 427, 248 and 436 bp, with
GenBank acc. no. of AB862285, AB894421 and AB914513, respectively.
Deduced amino acid sequence analysis showed that 427-bp sequence shared 98%
amino acid similarity with NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
(G3PDH) of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a (a key enzym in glycerol
metabolism), 248-bp sequence shared 95% amino acid similarity with DSBA
oxidoreductase of Alcaligenes spp., while 436-bp sequence shared 95% amino
acid similarity with benzoate membrane transporter (BenE) of A.faecalis NCIB
8687. In vitro glycerol utilization test result showed that Alcaligenes sp. JG3 was
able to grow aerobically in minimal medium with glycerol as carbon source, but
not anaerobically. As conclusion, Alcaligenes sp. JG3 is able to metabolize
glycerol aerobically, so that it could be potentially used as effective degradator of
oil and fat wastes.


Let A = IIai, I be an nXn matrix consisting of non-negative elements. It is well known [1, p. 463] that A is primitive if and only if, for some positive integer n, An has all its elements positive. One needs to know only this property of primitive matrices to understand this paper. If Ak is positive (i.e. has all its elements positive), then Ah is also positive for all integers h>k [1, p. 463].2 Letting A be primitive, we shall definey(A) as the smallest positive integer h such that Ah is positive. Wielandt [2, p. 648] stated without proof the inequality'


The authors provide a theoretically generative definition of cyberinfrastructure (CI) by drawing from existing definitions and literature in social sciences, law, and policy studies. They propose two models of domestic and international influencers on CI emergence, development, and implementation in the early 21st century. Based on its historical emergence and computational power, they argue that cyberinfrastructure is built on, and yet distinct from the current notion of the internet. The authors seek to answer two research questions: firstly, what is cyberinfrastructure? And secondly, what national and international influencers shape its emergence, development and implementation (in e-science) in the early 21st century? Additionally, consideration will be given to the implications of the proposed definition and models, and future directions on CI research in Internet studies will be suggested.


Benthic foraminifer a are extensively used for environmental monitoring, for example in the context of oxygen depletion in coastal waters, which is the fastest growing and most serious threat to marine ecosystems. Several studies have demonstrated that many foraminiferal species are able to survive, reproduce and calcify under hypoxic (low dissolved oxygen) and even anoxic (no oxygen) conditions. The responses to these conditions are species specific, for example lowering of the metabolism, storage of nitrate to support anaerobic metabolism, and vertical migration in the sediments. Here we show for the first time that osmotic pumps can be used to dispense the fluorescent calcite marker calcein in undisturbed marine sediments in order to analyse the calcification response of calcareous foraminifera to different oxygen conditions. In the present study we used osmotic pumps to deliver a 100 mg/l solution of calcein to marine sediment cores, which were collected from the Gullmar Fjord, wherein benthic foraminifera were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic in situ conditions during ~3.5 months. The average temperature in the seawater overlying the sediments was 8°C and the average salinity was 32.6. The osmotic pumps, which had a calculated flow rate of ~1 μl/h, were filled with 2 ml of the calcein solution and then placed, one per sediment core, 1 cm below the sediment- water interface. Our analysis of calceinlabelled benthic foraminifera in the 100–150 μm-fraction in the uppermost 1.5 cm of the sediments shows that the relative abundances of calcifying Nonionoides turgida and Nonionellina labradorica compared to Bulimina marginata are positively correlated with the oxygen levels. The results indicate that the calcein concentration decreases in a direction away from the osmotic pump, although calcein-labelled foraminifera were recovered at all distances within a radius of 4.5 cm from the point source. By using osmotic pumps culturing and calcein-labelling can be performed in situ in undisturbed sediment cores, which means that the advantages of both the field study and the laboratory experiment can be utilized – that is a better consistency with the natural conditions in combination with a rigorous control of environmental variables. Thus, osmotic pumps have a great potential to become an important tool in future studies of benthic foraminiferal ecology.


In this study, wind characteristics and energy potential of IUS Campus region is investigated. Assessment of the site is carried out by using turbulent flow models. Commercial software STAR CCM+ was used to solve turbulent flow equations. STAR CCM+ is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package that solves Navier-Stokes equations that define fluid flow, by using numerical techniques.


Several different peptides exhibit antimicrobial activity based upon an am phiphilic a-helical secondary structure. Antimicrobial action occurs because these peptides compromise the integrity of the cell m em brane and ultim ately cause cell lysis. It is believed that ion-channel formation is the m echanism by which this lysis occurs. The goal of this research has been to conduct structure-function studies of synthetic peptides to aid in the determ ination of the mode of action of lytic peptides. Several pep tides based upon a m inim alist approach have been synthesized. A m phiphilicity and a-helicity were the desired structural features. W ith these as the necessary structural m otifs w e set out to prepare peptides w ith very sim ple prim ary structures. This has been accom plished in the form of peptides based upon a heptad repeat. By altering one residue of the repeat unit, changes can be m ade in the secondary structure very easily. Also, the simplicity of the design allows for facile large scale preparation using solution-phase synthesis. The design , syn thesis, b iological activ ity , and secondary s tru c tu ra l determ ination are discussed. Also, im proved syntheses of benz[/]indene and dibenzfluorenone are recounted. These com pounds have been prepared for the synthesis of benz-annulated indenyl metal complexes in order to explore the reactivity of these unknow n complexes. These complexes m ay exhibit anthracene like character and undergo D iels-Alder reactions or photochem ical couplings at the m iddle rings of the complex. The benz[/]indene ligand


Guava (Psidiurn guajava L.) is an important commercial fruit crop cultivated in both tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian sub-continent. It belongs to the family Myrtaceae that also includes other agriculturally important minor and major plants that yield economic products. The Allahabad Safeda and Sardar are the main cultivars grown in India since long time. The crop improvement through selection, introduction and hybridization was attempted in India and many other countries. This result in development of the several superior quality varieties and hybrids for table and processing purposes. But now the problems that are faced in the guava cultivation are guava wilt disease, fruit fly, hard and more seed, poor shelf life, ununiform fruit shape and size. So to solve these problems, it is very important to create genetic variability in guava germplasm. There is need to develop season stable uniform apple coloured cultivars valuable for local as well as export markets that may prove highly remunerative to the fruit growers. Primarily the task of germplasm collections, evaluation, characterization, and maintenance of genotypes of specific trait has to be made. There is urgent need to evolve and screen varieties and rootstock that are resistant to wilt, anthracnose, fruit fly, drought and frost. The priority in improvement may be given to high quality fruit Le. fruit shape, size, high TSS, good sugar-acid blend, good aroma, attractive skin, flesh colour, free core, soft seeds, keeping quality, stable juice colour, high vitamin C and good pectin content.


PurposeThe objective of this study is to establish the current state of library and information science (LIS) scholarship pertaining to anti-racism, equity, inclusion and social justice initiatives.Design/methodology/approachUsing comprehensive search strategies, three LIS databases were searched for relevant literature published in the last 10 years and results were exported and de-duplicated using Endnote. Citations were screened by two blinded, independent reviewers based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Citations in the final data set were then hand coded by three reviewers using deductive coding. Subject terms for all citations were categorized and consolidated to identify major themes across the corpus of included publications. Results were analyzed using bibliometrics and thematic analysis.FindingsA total of 691 unique citations were included in this analysis based on inclusion criteria. Publication productivity has generally increased from 2011 to 2020; findings show publications from 170 source titles and 944 authors representing 33 countries. Prevalent themes included access to information, multiculturalism and social justice. Various populations groups, areas of LIS practice, library types and social justice topics have been addressed in the literature. Over 15% of citations focused on anti-racism efforts in LIS.Originality/valueThis study applied both bibliometric and thematic approaches to analyzing LIS literature at macro and micro levels regarding anti-racism, equity, inclusion and social justice.


This paper studies voucher sale as an operational method to raise working capital for a supply chain, which consists of a supplier and a capital-constrained retailer. The retailer takes advantage of an online platform to sell vouchers and to get access to borrowing from a bank. By formulating a Stackelberg game model, we show the retailer's possible order quantities in the cases without and with bank loan and analyze the impact of voucher sale on the retailer's optimal choice of order quantity and the supplier's optimal wholesale price. We find that a smaller voucher's price induces the retailer to be more likely to order with loan from a bank while a larger voucher's value induces an order quantity with the loan more difficult to be repaid. In addition, if voucher's price is large, the supplier decides a wholesale price which leads the retailer not to borrow from a bank; and if voucher's price is small, the supplier's optimal decision is obtained by anticipating the retailer to borrow from a bank. We also analyze the impact of voucher sale in the presence of trade credit financing on the firms' decisions. The results show that the voucher's price should be small so that the large; otherwise, the retailer either does not borrow from the supplier or may not repay the supplier. Besides, the supplier decides a wholesale price so that the retailer does not borrow or can repay the supplier, except that the voucher's value is large and the voucher's price is medium.


Testing of Douglas-fir provenances for resistance against Rhabdocline pseudotsugae by infection trials. Sixten Douglas fir provenances belonging to the three groups green, grey and blue, were tested for their resistance against the needle cast pathogen Rhabdoclline pseudotsugae in artificial infection trials.


Homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion mode theoretically relies on a perfectly homogeneous air/fuel mixture simultaneously releasing heat across the whole combustion chamber. However, practical implementation always leads to a staged combustion process that is still significantly quicker than conventional spark ignition or compression ignition combustion modes. The degree of combustion staging is central to the limitation of combustion-induced noise, to cycle efficiency, as well as to combustion stability and completion. The present study numerically explored on the whole operating map the mixture structure at ignition for a specific type of homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion, namely the controlled auto-ignition combustion mode attained through burnt gas trapping with negative valve overlap. The analysis of the complete controlled auto-ignition operating map outlined the similarity of mixture structure for any operating condition and the mixture/chemistry interactions depending on the end-of-compression temperature domain. Temperature stratification appeared as the key input defining combustion-induced noise and combustion stability but mean in-cylinder temperature and dilution combine with temperature stratification to define operating map limitations.


p ( g z n e o o t c i nderstanding the genetic mechanisms that control brain atterning in vertebrates represents a major challenge for evelopmental neurobiology. The cloning of genes likely o be involved in the organization of the brain and an nalysis of their roles have revealed insights into the olecular pathways leading to neural induction, tissue pecification, and regionalization of the brain. Among hese genes, both Otx1 and Otx2, two murine homologs of he Drosophila orthodenticle (otd ) gene, contribute to everal steps in brain morphogenesis. Recent findings ave demonstrated that Otx2 plays a major role in gastruation and in the early specification of the anterior neural late while Otx1 is mainly involved in corticogenesis, and tx1 and Otx2 genes cooperate in such a way that a inimal level of OTX proteins are required for proper egionalization and subsequent patterning of the developng brain. Finally, experiments have shown functional quivalence between Drosophila otd and vertebrate Otx enes, suggesting a surprising conservation of function equired in brain development throughout evolution.


The deschooling argument, as being put forward so forcibly today by Illich, Reimer, and others, is not new. One person who has proposed a similar case is D. H. Lawrence. His proposal is attended to here, not so much because of its placement in history, but because of the important nature of the arguments which support it. Lawrence, at the beginning of the universal compulsory schooling movement, foresaw problems and dangers which others, with half a century's hindsight, are only beginning to focus on.


There is a great deal of pressure being put on power generators to produce more power more efficiently with lower emissions, while minimizing capital costs and maximizing profits. To achieve the desired higher efficiencies with lower emissions, the operating pressures and temperatures for power, plants must increase. New piping materials are therefore being sought to handle these elevated pressures and temperatures. One such material currently in consideration is T/P92, which has been in use in European and Japanese power plants since the 90's (European standard X 10CrWMoVNb9-2 and Japanese standard STBA29-STPA-29), and has been approved by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME BPVC) for Sections I and VIII, Division 1 construction (ref. ASME Code Case 2179-3). This paper will compare T/P92 with the current alternative, T/P91, and will discuss similarities and differences between the two materials in terms of engineering, fabrication and installation.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Future scenarios, such as AR/VR, pose challenging latency and bandwidth requirements in 5G. This need is complemented by the adoption of cloud principles for providing services, particularly for virtualizing service components with which virtualized instances can appear rapidly at different execution points in the network. While providing service endpoints close to the end user appears straightforward, this early service break-out is currently limited to routing requests to Point-of-Presence (POP) nodes provided by a few global CDN players deep in the customer network. In this paper, we propose instead to turn the edge of the Internet into a rich service-based routing infrastructure with services being provided through edge compute nodes, without needing indirect routing. Our approach interprets every IP-based service as a named service over a (L2 or similar) transport network, requiring no per-flow state in the network, while natively supporting both unicast and multicast delivery. The solution allows route adjustments in time scales of few tens of milliseconds, enabling rapid failure recovery, extremely responsive load balancing, efficient mobility support, and more. We implemented our solution on standard SDN-based infrastructure and in mobile terminals in a backwards-compatible manner, enabling a performance evaluation that shows significant improvements in network utilization as well as flow setup times.


The semantic recognition of point cloud is an important aspect of point cloud applications, it is crucial to study the intelligent point cloud recognition method for substation equipment to replace manual processing. Based on previous related work, this article deals with the construction of an intelligent point cloud recognition network for substation equipment. In this network, a point cloud to tensor (PC2T) module is proposed to achieve the goal of using a 2-D neural network to process 3-D point cloud; a multiscale self-attention (MSSA) module is introduced to optimize the global feature extraction of point cloud and enhance the accuracy of point cloud recognition. In addition, this article proposes two point cloud data augmentation methods to assist in network training. The experimental results show that the constructed point cloud recognition method has excellent recognition accuracy and point cloud quality robustness, and that the proposed data augmentation methods are effective. The research results can provide a reference for the digital transformation of substations.


La Maria and Cerro Tres Tetas archaeological localities are located in the Central Plateau, in the province of Santa Cruz, Argentine Patagonia. This area presents abundant lithic raw materials of very good quality for knapping including flint, chalcedony and silicified wood. These raw materials were used by the inhabitants of the region since the end of the Pleistocene until recent historical times. Besides, we have recorded the exploitation of exotic stones in low proportions at the archaeological sites. Among these, the most abundant is obsidian which probably comes from sources located more than125 kmaway. In this context, the use of this type of raw material should be evaluated in terms of social and symbolic issues. In this paper, we examine the strategies of acquisition and reduction of the obsidian found at the archaeological sites Cerro Tres Tetas 1, Casa del Minero 1, Cueva de La Ventana, La Mesada and Cueva Tunel. We carry out a technomorphological analysis of the obsidian remains from these sites. Results from this work strengthen the idea that the groups which lived in the Central Plateau knew about and exploited an obsidian source known as Pampa del Asador. A raise in the use of this raw material throughout time is recorded, reaching its peak in the late Holocene. We identified two different moments in the exploitation of obsidian at the regional level. During the final Pleistocene and early Holocene, obsidian would not have played a relevant role in the organization of technology. Production sequences indicate that tools probably were entered to the sites already manufactured. During the middle and late Holocene nodules and cores could have been brought into the sites. The strategies involved in their reduction are in broad terms similar to those implemented with local raw materials; there is no evidence that obsidian had more value in any way. On the other hand, it is also not possible to state that there was just an eventual exploitation of this raw material. We believe that obsidian was acquired during mobility circuits which enabled the contact between different groups.


ABSTRACT The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) University Libraries recently completed a pilot project exploring the repurposing of descriptive metadata for archival collections stored in ArchivesSpace for the creation of original MAchine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) records contributed to OCLC WorldCat. The libraries' past and present processes for generating finding aids and cataloging records are discussed, and specific edits to the MARC records generated by this new workflow are detailed.


We report measurements of transport in a two-dimensional electron gas in a spatially random magnetic field in which the average magnetic field extends from the classical regime {l_angle}{omega}{sub {ital c}}{r_angle}{tau}{lt}1 into the quantum Hall regime. Experiments make use of a rough Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet on the surface of a GaAs heterostructure. Effective mass, transport and total scattering times, and {ital g}-factor-enhancement values (all measured from Shubnikov{endash}de Haas oscillations) are comparable to those found for potential scattering in a uniform magnetic field. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


A new method for reconstructing the twelve standard ECG lead signals from its subset using a patient-specific dictionary is discussed and evaluated. The spatial resolution of a standard twelve-lead ECG is high compared to its subset and hence can be considered as a high-resolution ECG. For generating the high-resolution ECG from its subset (i.e., the low-resolution ECG), two patient-specific over-complete dictionaries representing the high and low-resolution ECG are jointly learned. Once the joint dictionaries are learned, sparse coefficients of low and high-resolution ECG can be obtained and a mapping between them can be learned. This mapping, defined as the conversion function, ensures good similarity between the sparse coefficients of low and high-resolution ECG thereby improving the reconstruction accuracy. The proposed model uses a four-lead subset of the standard twelve-lead ECG (high-resolution ECG) as the low-resolution input. The joint dictionaries are learned using the K-SVD algorithm and the sparse coefficients are obtained using the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. Popular diagnostic distortion measures are used to analyze the diagnostic resemblance between original and reconstructed lead signals and the performance of the model is compared with the existing approaches. The analysis of the performance evaluation results shows that the proposed approach is capable of improving the spatial resolution of ECG without compromising the diagnostic information.


This paper compares the ways in which the three governments responded to the SARS crisis during the spring and summer of 2003. The Beijing government responded to the epidemic in a typical manner of a non-constitutional dictatorship, which can be assessed as basically effective but with an enormously high price. The PRC state machinery invoked old methods to fight against SARS, which included organization and coordination at the "work unit" level, mutual surveillance among residents, and village and street-community self-reliance. Those methods were the trade mark of the Maoist mass mobilizations and political campaigns. In that sense, the Chinese Communist Party leadership in the early 21st century in effect restored pre-reform institutions to cope with a new crisis. In contrast, the Taiwan government's manner of handling SARS was exactly the opposite from the PRC government by which displayed typical institutional weaknesses of a polity that still in the transition from authoritarianism to plural democracy. The old construction of public authority and power was dismantled, and the new has yet to take the place. In comparison, the Hong Kong government's crisis management was the best among the three (perhaps little bit inferior than the the city-state of Singapore). The main reasons, apart from Hong Kong being such a small territory, were that the legal system was firmly established and effective, and that the civil society of independent professional organizations and voluntary associations are mature. A lesson can be drawn from the SARS control: if another life-threatening crisis is unfortunately befalling us, the government should act in accordance with the principle of constitutional dictatorship. This time-tested procedure of power exercise fits the big crisis situation well, as it can maintain a balance between administrative effectiveness and civil liberty protection.


The aim of the study is to reduce the negative impact of sewage sludge from the production of cardboard and paper products on the soil by dewatering them with a dehydrator and preparing them for further disposal. Large-scale wastewater sludge from industrial enterprises during utilization is placed at disposal landfills which inevitably leads to a negative impact on the soil cover, littering of territories and withdrawal of the land fund from the economic turnover. In the course of the performed study, the well-known methods of dehydration of moisture-containing material were investigated and there was considered a technical solution to reduce the volume of formation of this type of waste using the example of cardboard and paper production. An electroosmotic installation is proposed, comprising an electrical insulation housing with electrodes: an anode made in the form of a current conductive cover and a cathode made in the form of a conductive perforated bottom of the housing which have a space between them for dehydrated waste. To study the process of sludge dewatering, a series of experiments was carried out on the dehydrator unit with variable voltage parameters between the electrodes. The results of the experimental study were the basis for statistical expressions of the mutual voltage influence between the electrodes, the duration of waste processing, the amount of removed moisture. A model has been obtained that describes the amount of moisture removed during waste treatment. The most productive operating mode of the installation, the time for treatment of waste portion have been established. It has been proven that with the help of an electroosmotic device, up to 70% of moisture is effectively removed from the volume of waste sludge. This makes it possible to significantly decrease their volumes, reduce areas for possible or temporary placement and reduce the ecological load on the environment.


This project focuses on the development of design standards for ice class propellers and final drive shafting. A new method is proposed for determining design loads that can be used for propeller dimensioning at the initial design stage. The procedure is based on a limit state analysis that accounts for extreme hydrodynamic mean loads, oscillating hydrodynamic loads due to wake effects, residual and centrifugal loads, and both contact and hydrodynamic loads due to ice. Four limit states have been identified: three of the four limit states are combined in an interaction equation; the fourth is an exceptional load limit state that is applied independently. Equations are provided to calculate all of the relevant loads. The method is applied to several existing ice class vessels and a comparison of these results with existing propeller dimensions indicates that the interaction equation gives good results. Blade thicknesses predicted using the exceptional limit state formulation were considerably greater than the existing designs. This approach can be applied at a preliminary design stage to propellers for which the point of maximum principal stress can be assumed to be at the maximum thickness along the root section. It was recognized that the complex geometry of the propeller and the variability of the ice loads demand a more rigorous analysis, such as a finite element analysis, to ensure that a maximum permissible stress design criterion can reliably be evaluated. This approach addresses issues such as the effects of combined out of plane blade bending and blade spindle torque, and the consequences of unusual propeller geometry characteristics, including skewed propellers.


Activity management is frequently included in the management of Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF). However, the evidence of the beneficial effects of activity management on CRF is scarce. The aim of our study was to explore patterns of fatigue and physical activity throughout the day to see how physical activity is related to self-reported fatigue in cancer survivors.
Cancer survivors that finished curative treatment reported increasing levels of fatigue throughout the day. The increase in fatigue accompanied a decrease in level of physical activity. Survivors that showed highest activity in the morning and afternoon also reported higher levels of fatigue in the evening. This suggest that adequate management of daily physical activity could aid in management of CRF.


During the last years, the interest towards the study of prosodic elements of the text (tone, pauses, etc.) has increased, and the necessity of working on these components of the oral communicative competence, in order to improve the comprehension of texts read aloud, is constantly stated. For the purpose of analyzing pauses as elements that structure the discourse, this research estimates the types of pause, identifies some aspects to pay attention to and, finally, specifies the influence of some variables, such as mother tongue, origin and gender, on pausing inside the indivisible structures. To study this, an experiment when 100 Basque bilingual students of University School of Teaching of the UPV/EHU, aged from 18 to 25 years old, were asked to read aloud a journalistic text, was held. The statistical data analysis proves that the most common type of pause used by the young readers is the silent pause, it also concludes that the pause position is incorrect on numerous occasions and that the mother tongue's influence on it is rather significant.


The post–Cold War dispensation in Togo, West Africa, ushered in a new lexicon of politically salient terms, among them droits de l'homme. Initially deployed in the early 1990s by members of the political opposition to expose dictatorial abuse, this potent signifier then found its way into society at large and, spurred by NGO support, was taken up by women's groups in struggles over gender inequality. This essay explores droits de l'homme's itinerary in the villages of northern Togo where teenage children embraced the term in proclaiming their freedom from parental control. Ironically, the same children now leave their villages to labor in Nigeria, declaring their "right" to abandon family and to participate in a labor regime that the United Nations and the NGOs describe as "child trafficking" and a new form of enslavement—and thus as a violation of these children's "rights."


closely related to thiazinotrienomycins and cytotrienins1 ^. This paper briefly describes the taxonomy, isolation, physico-chemical properties, structure elucidation and biological activity ofTMC-135A and B. The producing strain TC 1190 was isolated from a soil sample. The substrate mycelium developed well and branched irregularly. Each spore chain, which was spiral type, had 20 to 50 or more spores per chain. The spores were cylindrical, with size of 0.5-0.8X0.6-0.9^m, and


In this article, results of a qualitative study of the professional culture of nine innovating primary schools are presented. The culture is defined as a "socially constructed reality." Three relevant domains are identified to study the organizational culture: the principal as builder and carrier of the culture, the goal consensus, and the professional relationships among teachers. Comparative analysis of the culture stories of the nine schools resulted in a description of three culture types that are clarified by means of metaphors: the family‐school, the school as a professional organization, and the living‐apart‐together‐school. Evidence was also found for the interaction between the culture and the implementation of an innovation. The nature of the organizational reaction that occurs when a school implements an innovation depends on the existing culture and determines to a large degree the success or failure of the innovation.


The invention provides a control method for eliminating the upper body posture shaking of a double-foot humanoid robot. The robot is provided with a waist part and a posture sensor. The method comprises the following steps of: generating a planned gait of the robot; measuring the inclination angle and the angular speed of the upper body of the robot through the posture sensor; calculating the correction of a joint of the waist part according to the inclination angle and the angular speed; and adjusting the joint according to the correction so as to eliminate the upper body posture shaking of the robot. In the method, only the waist joint is adjusted without affecting the landing time of the robot; and the method achieves effects in the entire walking process or operating process of the robot.


Interruption dissemination in proactive systems remains a challenge for efficient human-machine collaboration, especially in real-time distributed collaborative environments. In this paper a real-time interruption management system (IMS) is proposed that leverages speech information, the most commonly used and available means of communication within collaborative distributed environments. The key aspect of this paper includes a proposed real-time IMS system that leverages lexical affirmation cues to infer the end of a task or task boundary as a candidate interruption time. The performance results show the proposed real-time lexical Affirmation Cues based Interruption Management System (ACE-IMS) outperforms the current baseline real-time IMS system within the existing literature. ACE-IMS has the potential of reducing disruptive interruptions without incurring excessive missed opportunities to disseminate interruptions by utilizing only the most frequently used mode of human communication: voice. Thereby, providing a promising new baseline to further the system development of real-time interruption management systems within the ever-growing distributed collaborative domain.


Bill burns and the lost art of diplomacy The back channel: a memoir of American diplomacy and the case for its renewal random house, by Williams Burns, New York, Random House, 2019, $32.00 (hardcover), ISBN 9780525508861 Francis J. Gavin To cite this article: Francis J. Gavin (2019): Bill burns and the lost art of diplomacy, Journal of Strategic Studies, DOI: 10.1080/01402390.2019.1692661 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2019.1692661


Xi'an City of China is one of the areas which suffered from the ground fissure disaster. Tunneling through ground fissures was seldom encountered, especially underneath an existing bridge of footing foundation. It is important to assure the safety and performance of the bridge during and after tunnel construction, especially in loess soil stratum where the ground fissures exist. The analysis and measurement of Chang'an Overpass of footing foundation in Xi'an were conducted during tunneling of Xi'an Metro Line 2. The features of ground fissures in Xi'an areas are analyzed, and the ground fissure No.6, which just go across Chang'an Overpass and differential settlement occurred along the ground fissures. An comprehensive field observations of bridge settlements, ground settlements, ground horizontal displacement, and also the tunnel convergences were conducted during tunneling. The safety of both the bridge and tunneling construction were evaluated. Based on the field observation, the interaction of tunneling, bridge and ground fissures was investigated. It is shown that a successful tunneling case history was made in the complicated conditions of overpass and ground fissures.


A novel unique arch-bridge-like stator, after the rigidification of rotor 1 by intramolecular H-bonding, afforded two classes of solution and solid dual photoluminescence (PL) molecules.


Competition in component market and short time to market the software components force the organizations to develop and launch the components in an iterative manner. Components are launched in various versions. All gathered requirements cannot be implemented in initial version. So requirements need to be prioritized and implemented in subsequent versions. Similarly defects in one version are taken care of in subsequent versions. In the present work a simulation model is being proposed that can be used to study the operational characteristics of the requirements implementation process and defect removal process. Here application of discrete event simulation [BAN 1996] is being proposed using queuing network model [KIN 1990].


In this paper the authors present an attack on 7-round AES-128/256 to improve the known cryptanalysis by changing the order of round transformation, using the alternative representation of the round keys, exploiting the relationship of keys, designing the key difference pattern properly. By using the improved attack method, the complexity is reduced from 2192 to 2104 with 272 chosen plaintexts, the authors reduce complexity to 288 using partial sums.


The invention provides a flow control method, flow control equipment and a flow control system. The method comprises the following steps: an access device receives an activation request message transmitted by a terminal; the access device carries out flow control on the handling process of the activation request message according to control information obtained in advance, so that the quantity ofthe activation request messages distributed on a gateway device does not exceed that of the activation request messages handled by the gateway device, the control information is the activation request message handling capacity information transmitted by the gateway device, or the control information is the information of the terminal, needed to be controlled and determined in advance, and/or the information of an access point name (APN). By adopting the embodiment of the invention, a network element resource can be saved.


More, than a century has been expired, since Bálint KOLOSVÁRY published his work on the automobile law apropos of the adoption of the Austrian auto mobile act. In this work, he drew attention to the step-by-step transformation of the traditional, Roman law based liability approach. As a result of the technology's fascinatingly fast development, cars appeared in the roads and brought up such liability questions, which could not be duly answered by the contemporary Hungarian tort law. During the 20 century, the use of motor vehicles became natural. Nowadays, the performance of the daily "logistic tasks" (e.g. shopping, traveling to the working place, bringing the children to nursery/school etc.) by car is a part of the people's everyday routine. The legal regulation of the liability for the damages caused by on the roads en masse appearing motor vehicles, functions well, regarding provisions in the Hungarian private law which are practically changeless since the depth of the 20 century. The 21 century's leap technical development, the experiments with artificial intelligence (AI) and consequently the automating of motor vehicles has opened a new dimension of liability questions. It is difficult to answer, how those situations can be adjudicated, where the damage occurred is caused by such a – partially or fully automated – car, which was driven by a "robot pilot" in the presence of the (human) driver or possibly there is no human driver in the car at all (e.g. Google car). The straight root cause of this study is the accident of the Tesla self-driving car (Tesla Model S) in May 2016, in which in the car the sitting and because of the operating of the "Autopilot" system even not driving person died. Although some accidents caused by self-driving cars have happened before, the above mentioned case was the first, which caused not only pecuniary damage, but personal injury, namely death. Albeit we do not have to reckon with the multitudinous appearance of self-driving cars in the Hungarian roads yet, it is a reality that worldwide increases the number of those motor car-manufacture companies, which invest into the improvement of such vehicles.


PURPOSE: To provide the title stable novel compsn. forming an azeotropic mixture containing pentafluorobutane and methanol in a specific ratio and useful for drying and cleaning a solid surface, especially useful for removing flux from printed wiring. CONSTITUTION: This compsn. contains 93-99 wt.%, pref., 96-97 wt.% of 1,1,1,3,3- pentafluorobutane (A) and 7-1 wt.%, pref., 3-4 wt.% of methanol (B). In order to stabilize this compsn. against hydrolysis and/or a free radical attack considered to be probably generated in a cleaning process, a known stabilizer such as nitroalkane, etc., is pref. added in an amt. of 0.01-5% by wt. of both of the components A, B. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Finite-element models of depletion-induced reservoir compaction and surface subsidence have been calibrated with observed subsidence, locations of surface fissures, and regions of subsurface casing damage at South Belridge and used predictively for the evaluation of alternative reservoir-development plans. Pressure maintenance through diatomite waterflooding appears to be a beneficial means of minimizing additional subsidence and fissuring as well as reducing axial-compressive-type casing damage.


Objective To investigate the effect of two compound recipes on human hormone independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vitro and in vivo,and exploring the possible mechanism.Methods The two compound recipes were composed of commonly clinically used herbal medicine(Compound recipe B:Oldenlandia diffusa,Scutellariae barbatae,Glabrous greenbrier rhizome and Zedoary rhizome.Compound recipe C:Oldenlandia diffusa,Scutellariae barbatae,Glabrous greenbrier rhizome,Zedoary rhizome,Rhizoma Sparganii and Spina Gleditsiae).The adult male castrated SD rats in compound recipe groups were gavaged with decoction of compound recipe B or C twice a day for 5 days respectively.The animals in control group(group A)were gavaged with normal saline(NS)in the same volume as compound recipe groups.Blood samples were taken from the inferior vena cava of rats and prepared for drug-containing serum.PC-3 cells were incubated in the culture medium with the drug-containing serum and blank control serum respectively.The survival rate of the PC-3 cells was measured by MTT assay,cell cycle distribution of PC-3 was measured by flow cytometry and apoptotic rate of cells was observed under a fluorescence microscope.Prostate cancer animal models were established by subcutaneously inoculated with prostate cancer tissue in BALB/c nude mice.These nude mice were randomly divided into three groups by different gavaging methods:control group(Group A),compound recipe B(Group B)and compound recipe C(Group C).Conditions of tumors were evaluated by gross appearance,HE staining,TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67.Results The survival rate of Group B was the lowest and had been decreasing with the incubated time.The survival rate of Group C was higher than that of Group B,but was significantly lower than that of control group.The percentage of S-phase cells in Group B and Group C was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the percentage of G0/G1-phase cells was significantly higher than that in the control group.The percentage of apoptotic cells in Group B and Group C(30% and 10%,respectively)was significantly more than in the control group.The tumor growth suppression rates of Group B was higher than that of Group C(23% vs.18%)and the mean tumors weight and tumors volume of group B were also the lowest in the three groups.Cellular apoptosis was the most commonly happened in Group B.The expression of Ki-67 was the weakest in Group B.Conclusions The two compound recipes significantly inhibit proliferation of PC-3 cells and induce apoptosis in vitro.And both of the two compound recipes inhibit the growth of PC-3 cells in vivo.The effect of compound recipe B for controlling tumor growth was more than that of compound recipe C.