Artificial neural networks (NNs) have become the de facto standard in machine learning. They allow learning highly nonlinear transformations in a plethora of applications. However, NNs usually only provide point estimates without systematically quantifying corresponding uncertainties. In this paper a novel approach towards fully Bayesian NNs is proposed, where training and predictions of a perceptron are performed within the Bayesian inference framework in closed-form. The weights and the predictions of the perceptron are considered Gaussian random variables. Analytical expressions for predicting the perceptron's output and for learning the weights are provided for commonly used activation functions like sigmoid or ReLU. This approach requires no computationally expensive gradient calculations and further allows sequential learning.


Model reference adaptive control (MRAC) is applied to either the variable magnetic flux or constant magnetic flux DC motor configured within a closed-loop velocity system. At the steady state level, the varying steady state gain and the perturbation effects of a constant, linear, and fluctuating loads on the closed-loop velocity response are compensated by MRAC. The controller is a digital design featuring a one-tap adaptive filter that matches the steady state velocity performance with that of a reference model. In order to corroborate theory, real-time evidence is shown using the Modular Servo System MS150 and the SPROClab development system.<<ETX>>


The relevance of the studied area is due to the need for special attention of state authorities and local governments to the development of tourism, since with an effective process of managing the development of this area in a certain area, the latter can receive a significant positive socio-economic effect. The aim of the article is to study the significance of tourism development for socio-economic systems. The article defines mutually influencing factors on the development of tourism and the country; macroeconomic indicators of tourism activities of the top 5 countries of the world for 2015 and 2017 are given, according to the latest data from experts from the World Economic Forum; the final part offers recommendations aimed at increasing the volume of tourist services. The methodological basis of the study is presented by the methods of scientific generalization, comparative analysis, complex, systemic and situational approaches. The use of UN and UNWTO statistical standards makes it possible to conduct more complete and comparable statistical studies, and also to make statistical forecasts for the development of tourism as an integral and important part of the economy of any region. The rating will become tourism on the international level in different countries on the basis of the System of National Rakhunkiv (SNR), the rating of the country in terms of competitiveness will be more expensive All-World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), as the world's largest international organization for tourism, which has the status of a specialized establishment of the UN.
UNWTO (United Nations WorldTourism Organization) is engaged in the development of international and globally accessible tourism.
Within the framework of the economy of various regions of the world in modern conditions, tourism plays an increasingly important role. However, not all regions are able to ensure the long-term sustainable development of tourism on their territory. One of the main causes of problems in the development of regional tourism is the imperfection of the regional tourism management system. This article discusses the main issues related to the impact of tourism on the regional economy, and also proposes a number of measures to reform the management of tourism activities at the regional level.


1. Individual contact lens with one or more reference marks, which measures the rotation angle and the centering linzy.2. The lens of claim 1, which is a trial contact lens comprising correction coefficients user spherocylindrical refractive errors, or higher order aberrations patsienta.3 corneal topography. The lens of claim 1, wherein the individual lens designed for a specific patsienta.4. The lens of claim 3 wherein the fiducials are not overshadow the center linzy.5. The method of selection of individual contact lens, comprising the following steps: a) measurement of the baseline parameter refraction parameters refractive higher order aberrations and (or) the removal of the topography of the patient's cornea data; b) designing and manufacturing the individual test contact lens with the reference marks and the stabilization of the rotation angle; c ) placing the lens in the eye of a patient and receiving a picture or series of pictures of the lens position in the eye; d) analysis of the situation of individual test contact lens with respect to the reference marks tse tra limbal zone; e) the creation of a final embodiment of an individual contact lens based on the step d.6. A method according to claim 5, comprising measuring the total aberration of the complete optical system of the eye via fronta.7 wave sensor. A method according to claim 5, further comprising obtaining the topography of the cornea of the patient data using a corneal topographer or videokeratoskopa.8. A method according to claim 5, further comprising obtaining the topography of the cornea of the patient data using a corneal topographer or videokeratoskopa.9. A method according to claim 5, comprising measuring the total aberration full


It is found that Drosophila males will fertilize as many as 10 virgin females per day and that, in order to achieve maximum utilization of sperm, it is necessary to mate males with large numbers of virgin females daily. It is demonstrated that mature sperm are retained in the testis at least a few days. When newly emerged males are irradiated with 2500 r and mated according to the above system, there is a decided decrease in mating activity and an increase in dominant lethals on the 6th to 9th day after irradiation.


Company system with limited responsibility as the representative is one of the most rational forms of modern enterprise organization. With the processing of industrialization and the development and exploitation of environmental resources by human beings, environmental problems become increasingly important influencing the development of human beings in the long run. In the meantime, as the main part in operation, a company always has some environmental nuisance. On the one hand, the violation of the law is not necessary in environmental nuisance but is only necessary for the infringing part to bear criminal and administrative responsibility. If a company' s lawful action infringes upon environment, the company will have to bear civil responsibility. On the other hand, suppose the environmental nuisance of a company cause serious and cumulative bad effects, sometimes the estate of the company is not enough for compensation and sometimes it is difficult to define the concrete infringing part. In order to protect the economic interest of society, means of economic law must be applied comprehensively in solving the conflict in environmental nuisance of a company. The compensation system of environmental nuisance must be remedied, the environmental fund system should be established and environmental tax is necessary.


More than 50% of New Zealand (NZ) children, which equates to more than 135,000 kids, are overdue for their dental checkups. Of these children, 2,157 are awaiting specialist care which is likely to require general anaesthetic.1,2 Already, more than 8,400 children require a general anaesthetic for multiple tooth extractions each year, costing our health system over $32 million for the general anaesthetic costs alone. Our dental system is failing to keep up with ever-increasing demand, and unfortunately, demand is predicted to become worse.


Southern Iloilo Coastal Resource Management Council (SICRMC), the fi ve member-municipalities bordering the northern part of Panay Gulf agreed to implement a uniform ordinance in order to promote integrated management, reduce confl ict, and contribute to effi cient fi sheries law enforcement. These will eventually lead to an effective resource management of the contiguous zone they commonly share. Seven issues were identifi ed in the study to be important and deemed to be best addressed through the implementation of a unifi ed provision for these in the municipalities. The issues include closed season for the use of fi ne mesh net; penalties for common violations; fi sheries licensing; municipal water boundary; use of hulbot-hulbot (Danish seine); use of superlight in municipal water; and deployment of payao. Content analysis of the respective MFOs of the municipalities was done to identify policy gaps, overlaps, and confl icting provisions. Specifi c policy recommendations were also presented to serve as basis for drafting the proposed unifi ed provisions that will eventually result in the revision of the ordinances. At present, there are efforts in soliciting the support of the SICRMC in the proposed amendments in the MFOs. Key words: Municipal Fisheries Ordinance (MFO), Unifi ed Fisheries Ordinance (UFO), SICRMC, fi sheries law enforcement, resource management


Nowadays, the competitions between companies are becoming more and more fierce, so the business processes of a corporation must make necessary adjustment according to the requirements. Meanwhile, workflow model must have the ability of well describing the business processes. And it also has to handle various kinds of possible exceptions. According to the possible exceptions during the execution of workflow, an exception-monitoring model based on Petri nets is established in this paper. The model is also being testified. And in doing so, an exception-handling algorithm is proposed. That enables the workflow to have a certain degree of ability of adaptive and flexible.


This study has shown that laser supported combustion waves (lscw's) are generated and that they can reach critical density. More critical density plasmas are formed as the angle of incidence approaches the normal. As the angle of incidence is increased the penetration increases. The vapor plume is seen to precess about the surface normal which indicates motion of the molten pool. The penetration increases correlate with fewer critical density plasmas implying that better photon conversion is obtained when the plasma is absorbing and not at the critical density. The radiation monitoring techniques provide data which correlates with penetration and thus are potential monitoring and control methods.


[Introduction] In recent times, computational studies have become powerful tools to observe the properties of protein at the atomic or residue level. The development on computational study of protein has been greatly advanced by various approaches. For instance, coarse-grained simulation has gained much attention to replace the all-atom molecular dynamics simulation since it allows us to simulate larger systems and longer time scale. However, coarse-grained models involving protein–protein interaction are still limited. Meanwhile proteins actually are often found to form a complex to undergo their function. Our previous works on coarse-grained for protein complex suggested that Gō-like model has good accuracy to represent the intermolecular interaction but lacks transferability since it can be applied only to the known structure [1]. Nevertheless, we cannot easily simplify the intermolecular interaction [2]. To overcome this gap, we need to develop more accurate and transferable coarsegrained model which represents the interactions of protein complex system. In present work, we develop a coarse-grained potential model by introducing a parameter representing the strength of attractive interaction to simulate azurin complex [3]. This parameter is determined from the intermolecular distances at the native state and is simplified to be applicable for every dimer of azurin but is unique for each inter-particle. We will test our model to reproduce a native tetramer of azurin and extend the implementation of our model to simulate larger azurin complex. This study will offer a new coarse-grained model with better accuracy, transferability, and applicable for unknown or larger structure.


This work presents the results of a microclimatic analysis in the church of San Panfilo in Tornimparte, in the Abruzzo region, Italy. The church of San Panfilo, dating from the XII–XIII century, preserves in the presbytery some marvelous frescoes of Saturnino Gatti (1494). A measurement campaign was organized from February 2021 to April 2022 with the aim of investigating the microclimate inside the church in view of the organization of fresco restoration. The monitoring activity was performed with intensive measurements on specific days during the year and with continuous measurements throughout the whole year. The main microclimatic parameters, relative humidity and temperature, were monitored in various sites inside and outside the church. Some physical quantities, such as dew point temperature, dew point spread and specific humidity, were computed from measured data. Measured and computed data permitted to evaluate the daily and monthly values, their evolution during the year, the daily fluctuations and delay times caused by the building. The resulting discussion allowed to identify potentially dangerous events for the conservation of the frescoes. Moreover, the historic climate inside the church was detected.


construction companies get projects by inviting and submitting tenders.It's effective to prevent corruptive behaviors in the construction market and reduce the cost of projects.Particularly,the government invests more in college infrastructures.So colleges pay more attention to inviting and discussing tenders and make a thorough probe in them.One of the most conspicuous ones is pursuing the quoting price of the bill of quantity.


This study aims to examine the development of Islamic accounting since the issuance of the letter al baqoroh 282 to the present practice of Islamic financial institutions. A qualitative approach with content analysis in Islamic literature is carried out to describe the historical portrait of Islamic accounting. the result is the development of accounting in the Islamic era along with the trade culture of the Arab nation, which is increasingly developing with the concept of accountability in Islam and increasingly has many variants according to the times. This research also proves that the current sharia accounting practices do not copy western accounting but have a scientific historical basis in practice in the golden age of Islam.


Two single crystals of the Pb-doped high-${T}_{c}$ superconductor ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Pb}}_{x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ phase have been isolated with $x=0.4$ and 0.2. In the first case, the structure is monoincommensurately modulated with the so-called Pb-type modulation $({\mathbf{q}}_{\mathbf{II}}=0.11{\mathbf{b}}^{\ensuremath{\star}}).$ In the second case, the structure is characterized by a double modulation $({\mathbf{q}}_{\mathbf{I}}=0.2{\mathbf{b}}^{\ensuremath{\star}}+{\mathbf{c}}^{\ensuremath{\star}}; {\mathbf{q}}_{\mathbf{II}}=0.15{\mathbf{b}}^{\ensuremath{\star}}).$ The two modulated structures have been refined from single-crystal x-ray diffraction data using the four- and five-dimensional superspace groups' formalism, respectively. Considering these substituted phases and the well-known lead-free phase, the same symmetry is observed for their average structures, while their structural modulations exhibit significant discrepancies. Different disordered regions are characterized in relation to the modulation period. The results are confirmed by high-resolution electron-microscopy observations. The relative structures are compared with each other and the structure of the lead-free phase, particularly about the stacking scheme of the structural layers.


The radar signal sorting and recognition is one of the important contents in the radar signal processing,and it is the precondition and base of detecting radar character and estimating its menace.Using much radar information is the key of signal sorting and recognition.Through the analyses to the normal signal and the linearity frequency modulation signal and BPSK signal,this article discusses a method of ICA,and then put forword a new sorting method based on the ICA technology.This method can enhance the precision of the signal deinterleaving.


The study illustrates the twofold nature of poverty dynamics of eradication in the Islamic system, which unites (a) boosting income via a vital anti-hoarding and pro-investment Zakat system with (b) efficiently redistributing the revenues for the sake of the needy. The research specifies the distinct elements that balance those two aspects of the Islamic system to fight poverty, implies that development is all-embracing, sustainable, equitable, and free of deficiencies noted in other similar systems. These deficiencies consist of looking at poverty as an minor failure at any moment in time to get essential material requirements, and a failure to value these requirements are not the similar for all. The aims remain; introducing a theoretical outline, the poverty concept in Islam, conceptualize poverty from the perspective of Islam, focus on the flaws of the poverty concept in the existing literature, provide an overview of the development concept in Islam, and concentrate on how Islam views poverty? What measures are provided in Islam to combat poverty? What is the common denominator in Islam?. This study used a survey technique through studies conducted in the poverty reduction strategies in Islam in general and studies that are related to that in particular. The case studies mostly relied on reviewing and synthesizing on the verses from the Koran and the "hadith" based poverty, and conducting a number of interviews with specialists. Also a number of Islamic literatures were addressed, insofar as their direct or indirect impact on poverty. The study continues in highlighting the additional security nets established by Islam to liberate the poor people and their communities from the social, material, political and spiritual ills of poverty.


Let G be a simple connected graph with the vertex set V(G) and the set edge E(G). The set S ⊆ V(G) is called the kmetric generator on G if and only if every two different vertices in G are distinguished by at least k elements in S, in other words for every two different vertices u, v ∈ V(G), there are at least k vertices w1, w2, ... , wk ∈ S such that d(u, wi) ≠ d(v, wi), for every i ∈ {1, ... , k}. The k-metric generator with the smallest cardinality is called the k-metric base and the cardinality of the k-metric base is on call the k-metric dimension of the graph G denoted dimk(G). In this study, the k-metric dimension was obtained in generalized fan Fm,n graph with m ≥ 1, n ≥ 3 and Cm ∗2 Kn graph with m ≥ 3, n ≥ 2.


The third-order optical nonlinearities of polyurethane open cell (PUOC)/MgO nanocomposites, dissolved in dimethylformamide are characterized by Z-scan technique with continuous-wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser at its second harmonic frequency of 532 nm with TEM 00 Gaussian profile. The synthesized samples are also characterized by scanning electron microscopy imaging. The nonlinear refractive indices and nonlinear absorption coefficients of the synthesized samples are obtained in the order of 10 -8 cm 2 /W with negative sign and 10 -5 cm 2 /W, respectively. The origin of optical nonlinearity in this case may be attributed due to the presence of strong saturable absorption effect. All the results suggest that the nonlinear coefficients of the synthesized samples can be controlled by the nanoparticles contents into PUOC. Furthermore, the results show that PUOC/MgO may be helpful candidate for the application in nonlinear optical field in the visible region


Essential part of training in wo-shu sports groups for preschool children is stretching. Readiness of the athlete for assimilation of specific technical elements depends on reasonableness of stretching program, i.e. finally its progress on a way to skill. The main demands to stretch are rather low intensity, variety of exercises; sequence; specialization.


Th e subject of the article concerns the issue of transport accessibility, due to the special needs of disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility. Th e disability related to the state of health is presented numerically for Poland, including the dysfunctions occurring and also in relation to the population of Europe and the world. Th e presented values indicate a signifi cant size of problems that cannot be ignored or downplayed in the context of the policy of equal treatment of all citizens. On the basis of European and Polish legal regulations, the issues of rail transport accessibility in relation to meeting the requirements specifi ed in the technical specifi cations for interoperability are discussed. Th e conditions specifi ed in the PRM TSI for the "Infrastructure"and "Rolling Stock" subsystems are presented in detail, including the obligation to create registers: railway infrastructure and rolling stock and requirements for the development of strategic documents, such as national implementation plans and access strategies to passenger infrastructure and access strategies to passenger rolling stock. Following the National Implementation Plan of the PRM TSI, a diagnosis of the condition and assessment of the accessibility of Polish railways for people with disabilities was discussed, as well as the functioning principles and actions taken by infrastructure managers and railway operators to eliminate existing barriers. Th e article also indicates the internal project carried out in the Railway Track and Operation Department of the Railway Research Institute, concerning the development of a method facilitating the preparation of a strategy guaranteeing full access to passenger infrastructure in accordance with the requirements of the TSI PRM. Th e proposed method uses the questionnaire of the facility, which covers all aspects related to the accessibility of the railway station for people with disabilities. Th is project is an off er for rail infrastructure managers who are required to have a strategy for each passenger station and are part of the state policy implemented to improve the accessibility of public space.


Historically, multipurpose land information systems have often been designed for use as community‐wide enterprises. Before becoming useful to the community, however, many of these systems encounter prohibitive factors delaying or preventing the satisfaction of the ultimate goals for which they were designed. A criticism of current models is that system developers seeking to build publicly accessible systems do not use them. Since most systems are developed without the guidance of a formal model, system developers often do not fully anticipate likely system issues. Many systems, designed on an ad hoc basis, fail to achieve their full potential, because they have not used an appropriate model to determine a final system outcome. This paper presents a theoretical model describing the stages systems experience during development. These stages are: no development, system initiation, database development, recordkeeping, analysis, and democratization. Additionally, the factors promoting or prohibiting movement from one stage to the next, and the indicators or outcomes of each stage are described. Not only are the individual elements described but also their relationships are described as part of the model. The Multipurpose Land Information System (MPLIS) development model is designed both as a guide for system developers and a tool for discussing and comparing systems.


In this paper,the monthly phosphate and primary production data observed in the Changjiang estuary water area during August 1985 to August 1986 are used to analyze the horizontal phosphate distribution characteristics in the area,and it is shown from the analysis results that there are no significant seasonal variations of phosphate concentration in the Changjiang esuary water area,and the phosphate concentrations in the area are hardly affected by the variations of the Changjiang River discharge.It is shown from the analysis results of sectional distributions and temporal variations of phosphate concentration and primary production that the phosphate concentration not necessarily decreases with increasing offshore distance,and the primary production values are hardly affected by the variations of phosphate concentration in the water area.Based on the judging methods and rules of nutrient limitation,it is concluded that phosphorus is not a limiting factor for the phytoplankton growth in the Changjiang estuary water area,and the conclusions of phosphorus limitation or nitrogen limitation drawn only by the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus are imperfect.


The process of transformation of local self-government is connected with solving a complex of problems of its provision. Among them, the constitutional and legal problems of territorial governance, which are the subject of this study, play a significant role. In Ukraine, a course of improvement of Ukrainian unitarism was chosen through widespread decentralization of public power, formation of capable, effective local government on this basis as active interaction and cooperation of subjects, local self-government institutions, executive power, civil society, business environment. This approach actualizes the constitutional and legal discourse of decentralization. The article discusses the issues of constitutional and legislative support for the reform of the territorial organization of power.
A constitutional and legal understanding of the decentralization of public power in the context of the provisions of the current Basic Law is given.
Modern approaches to amending the Constitution of Ukraine in terms of decentralization of public power, reforming local self-government, and territorial administration are critically analyzed. The novelties of legislative developments concerning territorial governance are considered.
The urgency of sectoral decentralization in areas such as local finance, education, health care, social protection, housing and communal services, administrative services, communal land and property, sustainable economic development, human resources, etc. is emphasized.
It is noted that, given the principles of constitutionalism, the existing potential of the Constitution should be exploited, the shortcomings of permanent, point-to-point modification overcome, the careful and careful approach to regional level of territorial governance. It is emphasized that the transformation of local self-government in the context of decentralization of public power must be carried out in a comprehensive and systematic manner, taking into account the preservation and strengthening of the unitary nature of Ukraine.
Keywords: transformation of local self-government, decentralization of public power, territorial governance, constitutional and legal support of reform, unitary principles of Ukraine.


It is an object of the present invention to provide a technique which can realize the OCB mode scheme and a field sequential method in the transflective liquid crystal display device having a light reflective display portion and the light-transmitting display to dual-gap structure. The present invention is an alignment film is an alignment film on the substrate 3 of the one provided in the light reflective display (35) of 5 ° or less pre-tilt angle alignment film, the other substrate (2) of (29b) is an alignment film for homeotropic alignment type , alignment layers (29a) of the transmissive display section 30 is an alignment film that not more than 5 ° express a pre-tilt angle, the light transmission pre-tilt direction and the light of the alignment film 44 of the substrate on one side corresponding to the display section 30 is made of the pre-tilt direction of the alignment layer (29a) of the other substrate corresponding to the transmissive display section 30 is the reverse.


Extensive deterioration of the 2070 ft long four-berth, marginal wharf at the Port of Kismayo necessitated a major rehabilitation to maintain operations. The selected scheme was a steel sheet pile bulkhead, reinforced with steel cover plates and anchored by a continuous sheet pile deadman. Variable subsurface conditions require the removal and replacement of soft soils along a portion of the bulkhead, while in another area the sheet piles will penetrate a shallow zone of coral and dense gravel. Deep compaction of underwater fill will be performed to reduce surface settlement and potential damage to concrete pavement. A primary criteria for the rehabilitation was to minimize future maintenance requirements.


Margaret Butler opensMusical Theater in Eighteenth-Century Parmawith an incisive assessment of themodern (musicologically convenient) category of 'reform' opera, a move not only in keeping with the revisionist questioning of the 'reform' credentials of operatic aspiration in this period, voiced byMarita P. McClymonds and others, but also in tune with the probing of generic labels found in such studies as Stefano Castelvecchi's Sentimental Opera: Questions of Genre in the Age of Bourgeois Drama (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ). Butler's aim is therefore to develop a 'flexible . . . rich and nuanced view' of operatic reform (–), through focusing on the city of Parma in a crucial period (the late s to ) and in particular on the work of Tommaso Traetta, who arrived there in  and then between  and  produced the four pieces examined by Butler. As she observes, others have also done much to deepen our understanding of reformist tendencies and practices in this period – including McClymonds, Bruce Alan Brown, Bruno Forment and Paul Corneilson – and Parma and Traetta have also already been studied (following Henri Bédarida's Parme et la France (Paris: Champion, ), by Daniel Heartz, Paolo Russo, Marco Russo and Fabrizio Cassoni, among others). But Butler makes a good case for a reappraisal of Traetta's work in Parma, despite apparent non-'reform' elements (such as giving priority to the singer), extensive reliance on French works (including borrowing from Rameau and other French composers) and what was assumed to be the limited influence of whatever reform was envisaged because of the short-lived nature of the venture. As she explains, Traetta's operas have been studied as independent musical works (and therefore, it seems, found somewhat lacking), but they 'have never been adequately examined within the context fromwhich they emerged' (), and as such, she contends, their import and value have been misunderstood. She proposes to right that in this book. The context Butler aims to explore is one emerging from extensive archival research (as is the hallmark of her work generally): while somematerial has previously come to light, much of what Butler examines has not, and her appraisal derives as much from a deftly woven synthesis of known but underappreciated sourcematerial as from the revealing of new documents. As so often, in fields from the medieval to the modern, it is the lack of musicological interest in the ostensibly non-musical (or not sufficiently musically original/interesting) that has led to misunderstanding – in this case, of the import of this period in Parma and the impact of Traetta's works. The context Butler explores includes the impact of French art and artists (including dancers) on Parma's cultural life, the nature of the imported French works, accompanying administrative and infrastructural practices that bolstered French influence, and the rationale for the decision to embrace French style and practices, placing Parma's opera at this time 'on a continuum' of Franco-Italian fusion (). Thus Butler's reappraisal is not primarily concerned with Traetta's works as music, although she deals with music (particularly that of the French precursors to Traetta) competently enough. Her approach instead opens the door to examination of the influence of and insight offered by those kinds of figures often treated as peripheral in musicological and historical studies. These include political and artistic reformers like Guillaume du Tillot; influential women such as Marie Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, wife of Parma's ruler Philippe de Bourbon and daughter of Louis XV; 'the barber and chronicler' Antonio Sgavetti (); artistic Eighteenth-Century Music /, – © Cambridge University Press, 


On an isolated unknown island somewhere in the Caribbean lived two villages full of natives. The island was eight miles wide and fifteen miles long. It was surrounded on all sides but one by sandy beaches. Inhabited villages were located on the south and west side of the island. The center of the island was covered by dark jungle and very mysterious. For many years neither village was aware of the other one. But in the year 1489 this changed. People from the south village came to the west village. After that the two tribes found ways to visit back and forth. Trade and marriage between people of the tribes was established. Then the villagers from both tribes began to explore the sea around them. But they had not yet sailed the entire length of their island. This is the story of the adventures of the young lovers Jero and Huka who decide to explore the island but who discover much more.


The mountainous southwest Virginia is prone to flash flooding. This research concentrates on improving forecast lead time for rainfall by combining WSR88-D Doppler radar, radiosonde and GPS(Global Positioning System) integrated water vapor data. Recently it has been proven that high frequency GPS receivers can be reliably used to measure the amount of water vapor in an atmospheric column by measuring the signal delay. The radar estimates rainfall at lower beam angles from about 100 km radius. The radiosonde data are available only twice a day. The GPS station provides water vapor updates every 30 minutes. It is in this context that the present study will relate the frequently available precipitation precursor water vapor estimates from the GPS receivers to the radar and the radiosonde estimates. The research is carried out with the joint effort between Virginia Tech and the Blacksburg weather forecast office of the National Weather Service.


We propose a neural-layer architecture based on Householder weighting and absolute-value activating, hence called Householder-absolute neural layer or simply Han-layer. Compared to a fully-connected layer with $d$-neurons and $d$ outputs, a Han-layer reduces the number of parameters and the corresponding complexity from $O(d^2)$ to $O(d)$. The Han-layer structure guarantees two desirable properties: (1) gradient stability (free of vanishing or exploding gradient), and (2) 1-Lipschitz continuity. Extensive numerical experiments show that one can strategically use Han-layers to replace fully-connected (FC) layers, reducing the number of model parameters while maintaining or even improving the generalization performance. We will showcase the capabilities of the Han-layer architecture on a few small stylized models, and also discuss its current limitations.


The quality of visual registration achievable with anoptical see-through head mounted display (HMD)ultimately depends on the user's targetingprecision. This paper presents design guidelines forcali ...


The Mingten project is located in a sheared, sandstone rock mass near a regional fault. The design philosophy introduced steel fibre shotcrete as a permanent cavern support in Taiwan. This case history covers geological data, power cavern lining design, shotcrete specifications and application, and rock mass/lining performance during excavation.


Nowadays, people are exposed to noise on a daily basis. Therefore, in an overvibrant urban environments electrical vehicles operating at low speed are too quiet to be detected by pedestrians (especially vulnerable group are visually impaired people) and urban residents in general. Thus, electric vehicle warning sounds are sounds created to alert and warn pedestrians to the presence of electrical vehicles (e.g. hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and all-electric vehicles) moving at low speeds. The goal of this paper is to determine through a case study what the pedestrians would desire and prefer the electrical vehicle warning audio signals to sound like. The case study involved 201 participants who had the task to fulfil a specially designed questionnaire for this purpose. Regarding the questionnaire, the participants were not prepared in any way for the testing they were just advised to keep in mind that the warning sound they select for the "role" of a pedestrian should not be irritable at the same time for the "role" of a driver. The results obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed and discussed in the paper. When speaking about the concept of smart cities and the legislation around the whole world today this is certainly a hot topic where the opinion of pedestrians and future drivers should not be overlooked.


Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are major precursors of both ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the troposphere and represent a non‐negligible portion of the carbon fixed by primary producers, but long‐term ecosystem‐scale measurements of their exchanges with the atmosphere are lacking. In this study, the fluxes of 46 ions corresponding to 36 BVOCs were continuously monitored along with the exchanges of mass (carbon dioxide and water vapor) and energy (sensible and latent heat) for an entire year in a poplar (Populus) short‐rotation crop (SRC), using the eddy covariance methodology. BVOC emissions mainly consisted of isoprene, acetic acid, and methanol. Total net BVOC emissions were 19.20 kg C ha−1 yr−1, which represented 0.63% of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), resulting from −23.59 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 fixed as CO2 and 20.55 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 respired as CO2 from the ecosystem. Isoprene emissions represented 0.293% of NEE, being emitted at a ratio of 1 : 1709 mol isoprene per mol of CO2 fixed. Based on annual ecosystem‐scale measurements, this study quantified for the first time that BVOC carbon emissions were lower than previously estimated in other studies (0.5–2% of NEE) on poplar trees. Furthermore, the seasonal and diurnal emission patterns of isoprene, methanol, and other BVOCs provided a better interpretation of the relationships with ecosystem CO2 and water vapor fluxes, with air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and photosynthetic photon flux density.


Until 1871, with the serendipitous disco very of the dynamo by Gramme, electro chemical batteries were the sole sources of electrical current, from which important dis coveries in physics were made. During the last decade, the use of portable electrical devices ranging from cordless tools to video cameras, laptop computers, and cellular telephones has led to a doubling every three years in the demand for batteries. The con tinuous need for smaller and lighter batter ies able to accept rapid charging has called for extensive research into electrode mate rials, electrolytes and their associations. A battery harnesses a chemical reaction to generate electrical energy. When two electrodes of different chemical potentials μ1 and μ2 are brought into contact through a common ionic conductor (the electrolyte), the electrons liberated by reduction and oxi dation (redox) reactions can be used as electricity. As shown in Fig. 1 illustrating the basic principles of a battery, the ionic and electronic fluxes created by a redox reaction such as metal M → M+ + e_ occuring in both electrodes are decoupled: the ion flow goes from electrode 1 to electrode 2 inside the battery via the electrolyte whereas the elec tron flow outside the battery driven by the current collectors delivers electricity to the load. The electromotive force (EMF) is defined as E1,2 = l/μ 1 ,m-μ2,m) where F is Fara day's constant and the potentials μ refer to metal M in the electrodes. In this scheme, both electrodes comprise an interface at which ion/electron interchange takes place when a chemical potential is applied. There are several ways for realising these condi tions. Having the metal in contact with an electrolyte containing M+ is the simplest case (Type I electrode) where the chemical source of M is the electrolyte itself, possible through local dissolution and transport pro cesses in the vicinity of the interface. However, the most elegant and general approach is to use a material possessing


Universally agriculture is perceived to be synonymous with risk and uncertainty. Crop insurance is one alternative to manage risk in yield loss by the farmers. It helps in stabilization of farm production and income of the farming community. As such it is a risk management alternative where production risk is transferred to another party at a cost called premium. The on going National Agricultural Insurance Scheme is a good step forward to insure risk of millions of farmers whose livelihood depends on the pattern and distribution of monsoon rain in India. However, the penetration of crop insurance is found to be very less. This study is an attempt to understand the existing scenario of crop insurance in India with a special reference to Gujarat.The study empirically checks upon the awareness level of farmers in Anand district towards this product. The paper further examines the perception of those who have availed or not availed crop insurance in various villages of Anand district. The study concludes with various suggestions for increasing the awareness level of the farmers for ensuring better penetration of crop insurance in Anand district.


Sources for the History of the Armenian Catholic Church in Galicia in the Viennese Collections
The article is a report from a query that took place in March 2019. The author discusses sources that relate to the history of the Armenian Catholic Church in Galicia (i.e. the Archdiocese of Lwow, Lemberg) found in the Austrian State Archives (Osterreichisches Staatsarchiv) and in the Library of the Mechitharist Congregation (Bibliothek des Mechitharistenklosters) in Vienna. The collections contain a wealth of sources on the history of the Church and the Armenians living in Poland on the territories acquired in 1772 by the Austrian Empire, and until now only some of them have been used in the scientific literature. They present the relations of the central offices of the Habsburg monarchy with the Galician Armenians (who, in the overwhelming majority, were Catholics), and the role of this minority in the provincial administration. The sources also denote the importance of the religious congregation of Mechitarists in the life of the Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Lwow. Many future priests learnt the Armenian language and Armenian liturgy at the Viennese religious secondary school (gymnasium) led by Mechitarists, and later a number of them joined the congregation. The book of religious professions, the letters and personal files, which mention a great number of Galician names, not only of Armenian descent (like archbishop Samuel Cyryl Stefanowicz or Rev. Dominik Barącz), but also of Polish origin serve as evidence of the aforementioned bond.


Submitted for the DFD16 Meeting of The American Physical Society Experimental and numerical investigation of cylindrical and hemispherical jet formation MATTHEW BETNEY, PETA FOSTER, TIM RINGROSE, THOMAS EDWARDS, BRETT TULLY, HUGO DOYLE, NICHOLAS HAWKER, First Light Fusion Ltd., FIRST LIGHT FUSION LTD. TEAM — This paper presents a detailed investigation of the formation of jets in cylindrical and spherical cavities, when impacted by shocks at extreme pressures. As the shock pressure increases the effects of material strength lessen in proportion. Beyond a certain magnitude the behaviour is referred to as hydrodynamic. In this domain both cylindrical and spherical cavities involute to form jets, which go on to strike the leeward cavity wall, compressing the cavity contents to high pressures and temperatures. In this study, the jet formation process is isolated by cutting hemispherical and half-cylindrical cavities from the rear side of PMMA and copper blocks. This allows direct measurement of the jet speed and shape using high speed imaging, providing data against which numerical models may be compared. Shock waves at pressures of up to 30 GPa are formed in the targets by the impact of projectiles from a two-stage light gas gun, at velocities of up to 7 km/s. Numerically, the jet formation process is modelled using our in-house front-tracking code. This code uses Lagrangian hypersurfaces to model the interfaces between different media, with an underlying Eulerian mesh used to model the bulk flow. Detailed comparisons between numerical and experimental results are presented. Matthew Betney First Light Fusion Ltd. Date submitted: 01 Aug 2016 Electronic form version 1.4


Based on 25 agronomic traits from 790 ramie germplasm of National Ramie Germplasm Nursery in Changsha,the 158 core collections were developed by Ward's clustering method,stepwise clustering with deviation sampling strategy and stepwise clustering with preferred sampling strategy,using simple matching in disordered qualitative characters and Euclidean distance in ordered qualitative characters and quantitative characters at 20% proportion.Mean of genetic diversity,variance difference percentage and variable rate of variation coefficient in core collection were higher than initial collection;coincidence rate of range was 100% in core collection.Frequency distribution of 12.5% qualitative characters in core collection was different from initial collection.The core collection could not only conserve the pattern and quantity of each trait,but also keep the genetic diversities of initial collection.


Translationese is a term that is used to describe the special characteristics of translated texts, as opposed to originally authored tests (Gellerstam, 1986). Translations are different than original texts, which can be due both to influences from the source language and as a result of the translation process itself. For instance, texts that are translated tends to have shorter sentences, have a lower type/token ratio than original texts, and explicitate information, for instance by using more cohesive markers than in original texts. (Lembersky, 2013). Several studies have shown that it is possible to use text classification techniques to distinguish between original and translated texts with high accuracy (Baroni and Bernardini, 2006; Volansky et al., 2015), further supporting that there is a clear difference between original and translated texts. Translationese has been shown to have an effect in relation to the training of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems, where the best results are seen when the texts used for training the SMT system have been translated in the same direction as that of the SMT system. This has been shown both for the translation model (TM) (Kurokawa et al., 2009; Lembersky et al., 2012; Joelsson, 2016) and for the language model (LM) for which it is better to use translated than original texts (Lembersky et al., 2011). It works nearly as well to use predicted translationese as known translationese, both for the LM and TM (Twitto et al., 2015). It has also been shown that adding features related to translationese to the TM improves translation quality (Lembersky et al., 2012). Besides the data used for training the LM and TM, another important text for SMT training is the text used for tuning. The tuning text is used for tuning, or optimizing, the weights of the different models used in the SMT system. It is small compared to the other training data, and usually contains a couple of thousands of sentences, as opposed to millions of sentences for the LM and TM. To the best of our knowledge the effect of translationese has not previously been studied with respect to the tuning text. In this paper we perform a small pilot study investigating the effect of the translation direction in the tuning text. We explore this for translation between German (de) and English (en). Our expectation was that using a tuning text translated in the same direction as the SMT task would improve the translation quality. The results are somewhat conflicting, however, with different evaluations showing different results. It is clear, though, that the length ratio between the tuning texts is different depending on translation direction, which largely influences the SMT results. 2. Experimental setup


Contraction stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake predominantly through activation of AMPK and Rac1. However, the molecular details of how contraction activates these signaling proteins is not clear. Recently, Axin1 has been shown to form a complex with AMPK and LKB1 during glucose-starvation dependent activation of AMPK. Here, we demonstrate electrical pulse stimulated (EPS) contraction of C2C12 myotubes or treadmill exercise of C57BL/6 mice enhanced reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation of Axin1 and AMPK from myotube lysates or gastrocnemius muscle tissue. Interestingly, EPS or exercise, upregulated total cellular Axin1 levels in an AMPK-dependent manner in C2C12 myotubes and gastrocnemius mouse muscle, respectively. Also, direct activation of AMPK with AICAR treatment of C2C12 myotubes or gastrocnemius muscle elevated Axin1 protein levels. On the other hand, siRNA-mediated Axin1 knockdown lessened activation of AMPK in contracted myotubes. Further, AMPK inhibition with Compound C or siRNA-mediated knockdown of AMPK or Axin1, blocked contraction-induced GTP-loading of Rac1, PAK phosphorylation and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake. In summary, our results suggest that an AMPK/Axin1-Rac1 signaling path way mediates contraction-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake.


Acknowledgments Chronology Part I. The Making of the Decameron: 1. The Decameron as a landmark of world literature 2. Boccaccio, Naples and Florence before the Decameron Part II. The Decameron: 3. Title and preface 4. First Day (Introduction) (i) the plague (ii) the mise-en-scene 5. First Day: the saint's life and the powers of language 6. Second Day: fortune, female character and the impulse to trade 7. Third Day: sex, voice and morals 8. Fourth Day (introduction): Boccaccio's apology for Florentine prose 9. Fourth Day: love and feudal aristocracy 10. Fifth Day: romance, class difference, social negotiation 11. Sixth Day: Florentine society and associational form 12. Seventh Day: controlling domestic space 13. Eighth Day: the scholar and the widow 14. Ninth Day: the mystery of Calandrino 15. Tenth Day: magnificance and myths of power 16. The return to Florence and the author's conclusion Part III. After the Decameron: Guide to further reading.


Conflicts arise due to competing interests for limited resources which has resulted social conflicts and environmental degradation. The coastal regions of the world are particularly affected, as 60% of the world's population inhabits this region. There is, therefore, the need to develop an appropriate multi-criteria decision analysis tool that can ensure the sustainable utilization of this unique environment. An outline of a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework to conflict management that incorporates multiple objectives is presented. Criteria based on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were identified for the determination of the social adaptive capacity of rural dwellers. Various stakeholders' interest (operators, developers, regulators, community members, and other major experts) were directly incorporated into the approach to improve decision-making processes. MCDA method was applied to conflict management using Delta State of Nigeria as a case study. Results obtained indicated that the Ukwuani local government area (LGA) had the lowest adaptive capacity (AC) index of 1.29, while Warri South had the highest AC index of 2.29. The implication of the study is that Ukwuani will be the least able to cope with disturbances and to attain the MDGs agenda. Hence the LGA would require more socio-economic assistance. The method developed in this study has been found to be effective in enhancing stakeholder involvement in decision-making and useful in developing a consensus-based approach to conflict management.


The programmed co-operative enterprises' innovation initiatives in Kenya have been below their expectations of customers. The majority (60%) of the customers are satisfied by banking and related financial services offered by co-operative enterprises in Kenya. This is below the expectations of what the customers perceive and what is realized at the point of service delivery. This study sought to provide insights into the relationship between technological innovation promoters and performance by empirically testing the direct effect of technological innovation promoters on performance and exploring the moderation effects of service quality practices. The study is anchored on the promoter theory and collective entrepreneurship concept. The study used a self-administered questionnaire to Chief Executive Officers of 158 Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies (SACCOs). Data were analyzed by employing Statistical Software for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22 and structural equation modeling using AMOS version 25. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling and hierarchical moderated multiple regression (MMR). Overall, the study found out that, technological innovation promoters have a positive influence on the performance of SACCOs in Kenya, and service quality practices (R2 change) is 0.153. This implied that the moderating effect of service quality practices gained 15.3% variance in the SACCOs above and beyond the variance by technological innovation promoters and performance. This study concludes that an integrative model comprising of technological innovation promoters, service quality practices and performance is a sure way of enhancing collective entrepreneurship and recommends that SACCO management together with their partners should deliberately nurture a customer relationship management culture that will enable them to realize positive performance that has been influenced by service quality practices.


mation and in response to cellular stress, promoting protective effects during acute and chronic injury. In a recent report, Xu et al. demonstrated that hepatocyte-derived LCN2 plays an important role in inhibiting bacterial infection and promoting liver regeneration. The presented data corroborate our previous findings that injury-induced up-regulation of hepatic LCN2 has a significant hepatoprotective effect in acute liver injury and that hepatocytes are the major source for hepatic LCN2. Furthermore, these data suggest that LCN2 might act as an intrinsic "help-me" sensor that, upon injury, develops an activity necessary to recruit inflammatory cells. In line with this assumption, we observed that lcn2-deficient mice showed a significant lower recruitment of neutrophils and leukocytes, compared to wild-type (WT) animals, when fed with a methionine-choline–deficient (MCD) diet that induces hepatic inflammation and injury (Fig. 1). The staining and activity measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO), representing an enzyme that is most abundantly expressed in neutrophilic granulocytes, further confirmed the assumption that LCN2 is an essential factor promoting hepatic neutrophil recruitment (Fig. 2). In line with this, after MCD feeding, hepatic MPO expression analyzed by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was higher in WT animals than in mice lacking LCN2 (not shown). Moreover, the important role of LCN2 for neutrophil recruitment was also documented in mice that were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). When MPO-positive neutrophil infiltrates were comparatively analyzed in WT and Lcn2 null mice that received LPS for 6 hours, we found a statistically significant higher number of respective cells (P 5 0.0139 when counting each 10 representative high power fields) in WTanimals (not shown). It is most likely that this biological activity of LCN2 is organ independent given that LCN2 was already reported to promote production of neutrophil-attracting chemokines and neutrophil recruitment during mycobacterial pulmonary infection by inducing alveolar macrophage-produced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, a key regulator of neutrophil production and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC/CXCL1) that is involved in chemotaxis and cell activation of neutrophils through chemokine receptor CXCR2. Of note, another recent report has demonstrated that inflammatory cell-derived LCN2 at the sites of inflammation plays important roles in central sensitization and the subsequent nociceptive behavior in the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain mouse model. All these attributes render this lipocalin as a reliable biomarker for hepatic inflammation and as a novel drug target for lesions associated with overshooting inflammatory reactions in liver and other organs.


Scientific literature, quite rightly, allows if not actually encourages room for methodological debate and the methodological literature emanating out of the academic disciplines of the authors is no different. Some journals have sections dedicated to methodological papers and methodological debates/advances. Research method and methodology are themselves phenomena that are subject to epistemological questions and issues; they have a duplicitous nature being both firmly grounded in original (or/and traditional) well documented philosophical positions, yet simultaneously are subject to evolution, adaptation and development (see for example Cutcliffe, 2005; Greene, 2007; Johnson, Long, & White, 2002). However, it can be argued that purported methodological developments can actually weaken the potency of the method(ology), especially if changes in the design are incongruent with the method's underpinning philosophy, epistemological stances and methodological tenets. Some authors have written to defend if not actually advance the position that adherence to established (published) methodological procedures is contraindicated. Johnson et al. (2002) declare, for example, that, whilst rigid adherence to particular published procedures might be possible, we argue that in many cases this is neither necessary nor more likely to increase the validity of the research outcome. (p. 243) Mindful of these documented positions, the authors of this current paper wish to attempt to advance the associated debate for the following reasons: Firstly, few scholars would disagree with the view that they want to conduct research that is regarded as high quality and ethical, or research that produces findings that have a high degree of accuracy and/or utility. Similarly, the authors of this paper doubt that there are many credible scholars who wish to advance the legitimacy, credibility and value of their study on the basis that it was poorly designed. While the position highlighted in the previous sentence might be regarded as axiomatic, unfortunately the academic literature contains too many examples of research reports that would be difficult to describe as meeting the criteria outlined in the previous sentence. This view is shared by numerous authors. Hammerley's (2003) fine scholarly work, for example, makes the case that within the qualitative paradigm, there are serious methodological issues that still need addressing. Similarly, Carter and Little (2007) remark that qualitative research reporting is frequently insufficient in the areas of epistemology, methodology and method. As a result, these authors feel that such papers indicate a lack of engagement with and comprehension of these important concepts. Secondly, the authors wish to contribute to the debate regarding, for want of a better expression, the search for methodological precision and in so doing, explore the possible deleterious effects of publishing research reports that lack methodological precision. To this end the authors consider: What is this phenomenon called "scientific research method(s)"and how does it pertain to qualitative research? When the literature refers to research method and methodology, is this a reference to the same thing(s)? Next, the authors consider two broad positions on this issue and these can be categorized (loosely) as those who champion the idea of methodological precision, sometimes referred to as methodological purists or fundamentalists (Johnson et al., 2002; Carter & Little, 2007) and those who are comfortable with imprecision, "method slurring" and so-called "methodological pluralism" (Morse, 1991, p. 15; Baker, Wuest, & Stern, 1992; Johnson et al., 2002). We then explore what methodological precision is supposed to do and why it is necessary. Following this we give thought to what happens to the credibility of findings from studies where methodological slippage has occurred. The So-Called Scientific Method(s) as it Pertains to Qualitative Research At the outset it should be acknowledged that the nature of scientific method is a matter of unresolved debate (see for example, Feyeraband, 1978; Kuhn, 1962). …


More than half of all poison exposures occur in children under the age of six, and more than 90% of all poison exposures occur in a residence. Poison exposures in children are precipitated by normal growth and development and by availability of potentially toxic substances. Because young children cannot protect themselves from poisoning, parents and child-care providers must provide a safe environment. Programs and informational materials that are scientifically and educationally sound will assist health care professionals in providing effective poison prevention education programs.


Digital campus management platform for the planning and implementation of digital campus construction in higher education institutions is the key,and the attendance management and access control management two subsystems as a digital campus management an important component of the platform,the two subsystems application,improve the management efficiency,especially in improving the level of university management plays an important role,as the digitized campus construction laid good foundation.


There is a current problem that companies have when
they do not know if their position declared through green marketing is
effective or not, since there are no studies that prove its real impact on the
young population, specifically on university students in Lima, so the research
question is: how green marketing affects the purchasing decisions of university
students in Lima, 2019? Before that, it is proposed as a hypothesis: green
marketing positively affects the purchasing
decisions of university students in Lima, 2019. The study is of an applied and explanatory
type, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. We obtained data
from a sample of 622 university students from Lima, Peru, which when treated
through the Pearson Chi-Square test allows us to validate the hypotheses
raised.


In his theory of sexual selection in birds, Darwin assumed that females breeding earlier in the breeding season would produce more offspring than those breeding later. He thought that healthier and better nourished females would come into breeding condition sooner and would also be able to rear more offspring. Males mating with the earlier females would therefore gain an advantage. Data of reproductive rates and breeding times in the Arctic skua show that the earlier breeders have the higher fitnesses. A quadratic model of the relation between fitness and breeding time gives a very close fit to the data. The results are used to estimate the selective coefficient of males who possess a sexual advantage. The sexual selection is found to be frequency dependent, and the selective coefficient increases as the males with the sexual advantage increase in frequency in the population.


Summary
The response of E. histolytica to a stimulating principle present in dead bacterial cells has been shown to be proportional to the amount added. The factor is rather labile to heat, to alkali, and to oxidation, but stable in presence of formaldehyde. There are some indications that it may be a labile metabolic intermediate.


ABSTRACT
 Thin films of Cu2O were deposited on ITO glass substrates by using the electrodeposition method. The prepared samples were annealed at different temperatures range varying from 200 to 350°C. Chemical, structural and optical properties of samples were studied using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, U-V–visible and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The results revealed that all samples at temperatures lower than 300°C are mainly single cubic Cu2O phase. However, after increasing the annealing temperature to 350°C, Cu2O films are partially oxidized and contain two phases of Cu2O and CuO. Raman results agree with the crystallite size results where the intensity of Raman peaks increases simultaneously with increasing grain size. The optical measurements showed that the band gaps values of the electrodeposited samples increase from 2.12 to 2.24 eV. Two optical gaps were observed at 1.58 and 2.26 eV for the sample annealed at 350°C which confirms the presence of two phases CuO and Cu2O.


The aim of this study; To determine the purchasing behavior of consumers living in the urban area of Hatay, to reveal the places where they buy their products, to determine the factors affecting their consumption preferences, and the criteria are taken into account when purchasing products. The main material of the study consisted of surveys conducted with consumers in the urban area of Hatay province in 2020. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis statistical tests. The monthly consumption of meat and meat products by consumers was determined as 7.6 kg. It was observed that the increase in income level increased the shopping from the market and supermarket. Consumers mostly preferred once every 15 days as the frequency of purchasing meat and meat products (51.4%). When purchasing meat and meat products, freshness and the place of the purchase were found to be very important. It has been determined that the risk of disease risk of slaughtered animals is the most important factor in the consumption of meat and meat products by consumers. When purchasing meat and meat products, it has been found that the most important is the healthy sales conditions, the compatibility between quality and price, and the quality guarantee of the products. The results of the research revealed that consumers primarily prefer healthy, high-quality products with affordable prices, that there are generally habits in choosing the place of purchase and this continues, and that the product supply should be more and the product prices should be more suitable for an increase in the consumption of meat and meat products.


Blood glucose is a very important element in the human body, but if it is deficient or excessive, it can cause chronic disease that can lead to death. To prevent this, it is necessary to monitor cholesterol and blood glucose levels regularly, at this time the tool for measuring blood glucose levels is still an invasive method by taking a blood sample at the fingertip by injuring it. This study aims to develop a non-invasive blood glucose measuring device using a Photoacoustic Spectroscopy sensor in the range of values from a laser pulse source (λ = 650 nm) which can detect glucose signals in the blood. The method of developing this research is by designing a non-invasive measuring instrument and measuring blood glucose levels in male and female participants to create a linearity equation between blood glucose levels and the output voltage from the sensor, then mathematically obtained a polynominal equation to convert the voltage to values. blood glucose level. Validation of measuring instruments designed by comparing invasive measuring instruments as a reference, using the Clarke EGA to determine accuracy based on the classification of values of blood glucose and blood cholesterol levels based on reference. The results of the Clarke EGA analysis show that all measurement data is in Zone A so that the measuring instrument with a photoacoustic sensor can be accepted.


Abstract Background: Central precocious puberty (CPP) in females is characterized by thelarche before 8 years of age. Evidence of reproductive axis activation confirms the diagnosis (basal serum LH ≥ 0.3 IU/L or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-stimulated LH ≥ 5 IU/L. Stimulation testing is the diagnostic gold standard but is time-consuming and costly. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) are increased in girls with CPP. Objective: To assess the utility of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in identifying CPP in girls aged 6 to 8 years old. Methods: The study was a single-center retrospective study. Girls with confirmed CPP (n=44) and isolated premature adrenarche/thelarche (PA/PT, n=16) had baseline biochemical profiling and LHRH stimulation testing. Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 results were converted to standard deviation scores (SDS). Correlations were calculated and receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted. Results: Girls with CPP had higher basal and peak LH, IGF-1 SDS, and growth velocity (p<0.05). IGF-1 SDS correlated positively with basal and peak LH (p<0.05). IGF-1 SDS (1.75-2.15) differentiated CPP and PA/PT with 89% sensitivity and 56% specificity (basal LH) and 94% specificity and 55% sensitivity (peak LH). IGFBP-3 SDS did not differ between groups or by CPP parameters. Conclusions: In clinical practice, IGF-1 SDS may be an additional tool for identifying CPP in girls aged 6 to 8 years-old when baseline clinical and laboratory diagnostic criteria are inconclusive, possibly avoiding more invasive procedures.


The JPMorgan Chase Institute uses administrative banking data for research. In order to address representativeness in our data, we seek a reliable estimate of gross family income for population segmenting and reweighting purposes. JPMC Institute Income Estimate (JPMC IIE) version 1.0 uses gradient boosting machines (GBM) to estimate gross family income based on a truth set drawn from credit card and mortgage application data. The estimation relies on administrative banking data in combination with zip code-level characteristics available through public datasets. The final model yielded a significantly more accurate prediction of income than checking account inflows alone.


The primary aim of this study was to investigate and to explore the
effectiveness and the effect size of using Climbing Grammar Mountain Game for
he students in teaching simple past tense. Sample of this study was 74 students of
VIII D and VIII E MTs. Yaspia Ngroto. This research used Experimental Design.
VIII D class as the control group and VIII E class as the experimental group. Data
was obtained through per-test and post-test. The analysis result explained that
both of them had same competency in using simple past tense and mean of the
experimental post-test is higher than the control group. It means that Climbing
Grammar Mountain Game is effective for improving students" skill in using
imple past tense.


Submitted for the DAMOP08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Quantum computation schemes based on polar molecules ELENA KUZNETSOVA, ROBIN COTE, University of Connecticut, KATE KIRBY, ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, SUSANNE YELIN, University of Connecticut — Polar molecules have recently attracted significant interest as a viable platform for quantum computing. They combine the advantages of neutral atoms and trapped ions, making them compatible with various architectures, e.g. optical lattices and solid-state systems. Molecules with large permanent dipole moments can display strong dipole-dipole interactions, allowing for the realization of fast conditional two-qubit gates. In recent work we proposed a model of controllable dipole-dipole interactions in which laser excitation from a ground electronic state with negligible dipole moment to an excited metastable electronic state with a large dipole moment allows one to "switch on" the interaction. In principle, two molecules in the excited state interact and acquire a phase shift. We study the robustness of such a phase gate and analyze the experimental feasibility of the approach, using the CO molecule as a specific example. We are continuing to investigate several other schemes involving polar molecules and novel architectures such as a solid-state approach with polar molecules doped into rare-gas matrices. Elena Kuznetsova University of Connecticut Date submitted: 30 Jan 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


Abstract. A large earthquake of 8.0 magnitude occurred on 12 May 2008, 14:28 UTC, with the epicentre in Wenchuan. To investigate the pre-earthquake anomalous strain changes, negentropy is introduced to borehole strain data for three locations, approximated by skewness and kurtosis, revealing the non-Gaussianity of recorded fluctuations. We separate the negentropy anomalies from the background by Otsu's method and accumulate the anomaly frequency on different scales. The results show that the long-term cumulative frequency of negentropy anomalies follows a sigmoid behaviour, while the inflection point of the fitting curve is close to the occurrence of the earthquake. For the short-term analysis before the earthquake, there are two cumulative acceleration phases. To further verify the correlation with the earthquake, we compare our findings for different time periods and stations and rule out the possible influence of meteorological factors. We consider the negentropy analysis to exhibit potential for studying pre-earthquake anomalies.


The present invention relates to a burner (1) which comprises a primary air duct or gas delimited by an outer wall and a concentric inner wall of axis X and conduits (21) of radial primary air injection or gas, it is characterized in that the air duct or gas (22) comprises a ring (3) movable in rotation and having axial protrusions constituting splitter (30) which cooperate with the ducts (21) radial primary air arranged on the inner wall and form two channels (210, 211) of different angles in each duct (21). Rotation of the ring (3) will allow of varying the injection angle of the radial primary air. Thus, the adjustment is located just at the end of the burner (1), at the outlet of the primary air in the furnace by modifying the exit angle of the radial component fixed section which greatly simplifies setting the burner (1). moving parts the rotation is avoided by direct contact with the outside of the burner and thus subjected to very high thermal stresses with the risk of damage to these parts.


Bacterial DNA containing immunostimulatory motifs (CpG) induces the development of a TH1 immune response. Since protection against Toxoplasma gondii is correlated with this type of response, the aim of this work was to determine if a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) containing CpG sequences could be useful as adjuvant for the induction of a long‐lasting protective immune response against T. gondii. BALB/c mice immunized with a total soluble antigen of T. gondii (TSA2) mixed with ODN‐containing CpG sequences developed a typical TH1 response, as determined by antibody isotypes and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) production by spleen cells. However, they did not resist a challenge with the virulent RH strain of the parasite. Absence of protection paralleled with lower levels of IFN‐γ, when compared with mice vaccinated with the live tachyzoites of the attenuated ts.4 strain of the parasite, which resisted this challenge. Intraperitoneal injection of ODN alone to mice induced a high degree of resistance to a lethal challenge inoculated by the same route. Nevertheless, this nonspecific protection was transient. Thus, the use of ODN containing CpG motifs as adjuvant is of limited value for the induction of a protective immune response against T. gondii.


In this paper, mathematical modeling andcontrol ofa PWM VSC converter isdeveloped fora DC zonal Shipboard PowerSystem(SPS)application. Afterselecting suitable controller parameters, anewPWM strategy isutilized bychanging thecarrier frequency undernonideal operating conditions. Moreover, theeffect ofdifferent design parameters suchastriangular wavePWM carrier frequency andDC link capacitance areobserved andusing thesimulation results, the DC linkcapacitance size andPWM carrier wavefrequencies areoptimized fortheSPSapplication. Nonideal operating conditions suchassuddenloadchange, suddensupply voltage change andunbalanced supply voltage aresimulated toverify theVSCperformance utilizing this newPWM strategy. From theresults, itisobserved thattheVSC canindeed showa satisfactory performance forthis specific application anditcan alsooperate underunity powerfactor underthese nonideal conditions. IndexTerms-VSC,mathematical model,vectorcontrol, SPS


Atomically thin layered 2D semiconductors have inspired intense interest in building hybrid liquid–semiconductor electronic systems for next‐generation biological/chemical sensing applications. There remains, however, a lack of understanding of the electrical characteristics of 2D materials in aqueous environments and, thereby, much useful information for advancing the development of such emerging sensor systems. In this study, the effects of aqueous environments on the field‐effect electron mobility (µFE) of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field‐effect transistors (FETs), using various operational modes (back‐gating, liquid‐gating, and dual‐gating), are explored at room temperature. The value of µFE of the MoS2 exposed to deionized (DI) water is much greater than that treated merely under ambient conditions, presumably the result of a dielectric screening effect. When the DI water is changed to a biologically compatible buffer (0.01 or 0.1 m potassium phosphate buffer) at pH 7, the value of µFE decreases significantly. Further investigation into the possible origin of the degraded mobility suggests that the ions in the aqueous solutions play an important role as additional scatterers. This report should enhance the understanding of the mechanisms of mobility scattering in liquid–semiconductor 2D FET systems for applications in hybrid electronics, bioelectronics, and nanosensors.


Arabic language is an important tool in learning and teaching Islamic Legal Sciences. Its importance that it is the language of the Holy Qur'an, which is the main source of Islamic texts and provisions. Therefore, to understand these texts, the learners must understand Arabic language. The aim of this study is to investigate the function of Arabic language as a tool used in teaching Islamic Legal Sciences in the International Islamic University of Malaysia. The researchers designed a questionnaire and was distributed among the students of Arabic Language to investigate the efforts of International Islamic University of Malaysia in teaching Arabic language especially within issues that are related to understanding the Quran.


386 Background: Time toxicity is an emerging concept focusing on the impact of cancer care beyond traditionally measured outcomes: the time spent towards receiving care. Although the inherent complexity of cancer care can pose a challenge to improve time toxicity, addressing system and workflow inefficiencies through process improvement is an effective mitigation strategy. Here we present the impact of a fast-track infusion pathway on the wait-times and patient satisfaction at a large safety-net system. Methods: Parkland Health (PH) is the safety-net system for Dallas County, TX. The PH oncology infusion center supports cancer disciplines and other subspecialties. Factors such as timely patient arrivals, preference for coupled visits and same-day lab draws, and heterogeneity of treatments (medicine specialties vs. oncology) significantly impact wait times. In July 2022, a multidisciplinary team was formed to reduce wait times at the infusion center, including members who had previously participated in the ASCO Quality Training Program (QTP). This report is focused on developing a fast-track pathway for patients with injections or <30-minute infusions. Patients with coupled appointments and same-day lab draws were eligible for fast-track. Wait times were calculated from the time patients were checked in at the front desk to the first medication administered. A dedicated team (RN and MA) and separate waiting areas/infusion bays were designated for fast-track patients. Fast-track patients were surveyed for satisfaction. Results: Baseline infusion volume for the 3 months prior to fast-track implementation was 106 patients per day with average wait time of 167 minutes. In the seven-month period after fast-track implementation, average daily fast-track and main infusion center combined volume was 115. The first PDSA cycle was focused on improving workflows and communication with pharmacy. In the second PDSA cycle, the fast-track infusions were moved to another area to infusion chairs to better patient flow. In May 2023, average volumes and wait times for fast-track and main infusion were 28/80 minutes and 87/107 minutes, respectively. This represents a 40% decrease in wait time for fast-track and 36% for main infusion. In our survey, 89% of fast-track patients reported their wait time to be shorter and 92% rated their experience good or excellent. Conclusions: Implementing and optimizing a separate process for short treatments reduced the wait times for both the short infusions (fast-track) as well as long infusions (main infusion) without a need for additional staff, infusion chairs, or space. The observed decrease in main infusion wait-time is likely the result of decongestion of their process by moving some of the volume to fast-track. We hope to further decrease our wait-times through additional PDSA cycles and leveraging process improvement methodology.


A Co (1%)-Cu (1%)-V (1%) / ZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by impregnation. It was evaluated that the effects of different preparation and impregnation methods, catalytic elements, Co modifying and loading times, and reaction temperature, on the catalytic simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification. The results showed that V and Cu are the best elements for conversions of SO2 and NO, which acted each other well, and that Co Pre-impregnation before simultaneous impregnation of V and Cu and the second impregnation of this procedure can improve the conversions. Under the optimum reaction temperature of 350 ℃ and 60mL/min gas flow conditions the average conversions of SO2 and NO were 100% and 61%, respectively.


The invention relates to an annular porous nano magnetic bead separator which comprises a casing and magnet groups, wherein each magnet group adopts a tile shape, and the number of the magnet groups is an even number; the magnet groups are arranged in an accommodating cavity which corresponds to the shape of the magnet groups and is arranged in the casing in an annular manner; a tube hole for accommodating a tube is arranged on the casing between every two adjacent magnet groups; and the polarities of poles of every two magnet groups are contrary. The invention further relates to a mounting method of the annular porous nano magnetic bead separator. The annular porous nano magnetic bead separator and the mounting method thereof have the advantages that the utilization rate of magnets and the tube holes are effectively improved, the separation efficiency is improved, and the annular porous nano magnetic bead separator can be assembled easily. The annular porous nano magnetic bead separator belongs to the technical field of nano magnetic bead separation devices.


Abstract The present work aims to research the treatment processing of magnesium reinforced with 1 μmsilicon carbide particle (SiCp) using stir casting combined by ultrasonic vibration. Present studies have been done on six different materials: (a) AZ31B alloy without particles, (b) 5 vol.% SiCp/AZ31B composites fabricated with different semi-solid stirring time (5 min, 10 min, 15 min and 20 min), (c) composite with 20 vol.% SiCp. The effects of 1 μm/SiCp pretreatment and stirring time on microstructure and interfacial wettability as well as mechanical properties of the materials were confirmed. Both short and long stirring time for the particle dispersion brought particle agglomeration. Results of SEM microstructure and tensile properties exhibited that the optimal stirring parameters of 625 °C/1500 rpm/15 min are exploited, and 20 vol.% SiCp/AZ31B composite was fabricated by the optimal stirring parameters. The application of optimal stirring parameters for the treatment resulted in homogeneous particle distribution. The addition of SiCp leads to a reduced matrix grain, and 20 vol.% SiCp/AZ31B composite showed smaller grain size than. 5 vol.% SiCp/AZ31B composite. The interface between SiCp and matrix is clear and interfacial wettability well. Tensile test results show that with increasing SiCp content, strengths increase while ductility decreases.


Inference for probabilistic graphical models is still very much a practical challenge in large domains. The commonly used and effective belief propagation (BP) algorithm and its generalizations often do not converge when applied to hard, real-life inference tasks. While it is widely recognized that the scheduling of messages in these algorithms may have significant consequences, this issue remains largely unexplored. In this work, we address the question of how to schedule messages for asynchronous propagation so that a fixed point is reached faster and more often. We first show that any reasonable asynchronous BP converges to a unique fixed point under conditions similar to those that guarantee convergence of synchronous BP. In addition, we show that the convergence rate of a simple round-robin schedule is at least as good as that of synchronous propagation. We then propose residual belief propagation (RBP), a novel, easy-to-implement, asynchronous propagation algorithm that schedules messages in an informed way, that pushes down a bound on the distance from the fixed point. Finally, we demonstrate the superiority of RBP over state-of-the-art methods for a variety of challenging synthetic and real-life problems: RBP converges significantly more often than other methods; and it significantly reduces running time until convergence, even when other methods converge.


We have observed surface blistering and splitting of silicon implanted with moderate dose boron and higher dose hydrogen with concentration peaks that are offset. The splitting has been observed to occur near the location of the boron peak after a 10 minute anneal at 300 °C. Introduction In recent years there has been considerable interest in high dose hydrogen ion implantation into silicon. A recent review article describes a wealth basic physical theory and experiments related to hydrogen implanted silicon [1]. Bruel first described the Smart Cut  technique that leads to silicon-on-insulator, SOI, material for use in silicon microcircuits [2,3]. Since that time a number of authors have described and have proposed theories to quantify the hydrogen bubble generation and crack phenomena that in combination with direct bonding leads to SOI formation [4,5,6]. Recent publications have described variations on Bruel's work. Tong et al has described layer splitting with ion implanted hydrogen in Ge, SiC and diamond [7]. Bower et al has demonstrated low temperature bonding may be used with hydrogen ion implantation to produce SOI with a bonding temperature of 200 °C and a split temperature of 400 °C [8,9]. Tong et al has shown that boron and hydrogen when implanted to the same projected range allow optically observable surface blisters to be produced with heat treatments of 200 °C for approximately 100 minutes [10]. Agarwal et al have demonstrated that the hydrogen ion dose may be reduced from 5 10 /cm to 1 10 /cm when silicon is also implanted with Helium also at a dose of 1 10 /cm [11]. Experimental Results and Discussion Boron was implanted into (100) single crystal silicon at an energy of 100 KeV with a dose of 1 10 /cm. Trim 95 predicts a mean penetration Rp ≈306 nm and vertical straggling ∆Rp ≈66.7 nm for this implanted boron[12]. The sample was then rapid thermal annealed at 950 ° C for 15 seconds. The sample was then implanted with H at 40 KeV with a dose of 5 10 /cm. In this case, Trim 95 predicts a mean penetration Rp ≈457 nm and vertical straggling ∆Rp ≈87.3 nm for this implanted hydrogen[12]. The samples were then subjected to isochronal anneals for ten minutes at 100, 200, 300 and 350 °C. Blistering occurred in the samples heated to 300 and 350 °C. A small sliver split off the surface of the sample heated to 300 °C that allowed a measurement of the thickness of the expunged surface layer. Figure 1 shows the Sloan DEKTAK trace of the step across the split portion of the surface. The thickness of this expunged surface layer is found by this measurement to be 330 ± 15 nm. This clearly indicates that the crack occurs within experimental error near the projected range, Rp, of the implanted boron, and far from the Rp of the considerably deeper hydrogen implantation. The experimental evidence in this paper strongly suggests that the high dose implanted hydrogen into silicon migrates and accumulates in the region of the lower dose boron distribution where it blisters and cracks the silicon near the peak of the boron profile. The blister and crack time and temperature is consistent the results found by Tong et al in their experiments with boron and hydrogen implanted to the same peak depth [10]. While the migration of the hydrogen to the boron peak is reminiscent of the work of Marwick where Ga in silicon is found to attract hydrogen implanted into silicon [13]. The Marwick paper suggests that ionized Ga in silicon attracts H ions and at temperatures of ~200 °C may attract quantities of H much in excess of the density of Ga present by the reaction: (HGa) + e + n H → Ga + (n+1) H (1) We suggest that ionized boron may attract and accumulate hydrogen in much the same manner in our work. The equation (1) does not explain where the accumulated hydrogen would reside, but other literature suggests that it might cluster near the Ga or B or perhaps in silicon defect structures that would be present after an implantation near these acceptor sites [1, 13]. The importance of the RTA of the boron in our experiments is not known, but may be important in the light of the ionized donor argument just described, since without the RTA the boron would not be expected to be electrically active and act as an ionized acceptor. Conclusions This paper demonstrates that hydrogen implanted into silicon may be accumulated and produces blistering and cracks remote from its point of implantation. A low dose implantation of boron has been shown to act as the getter that allows hydrogen to collect and cause a crack near the boron peak. We believe this result may have interesting implications and applications in the formation of SOI and other structures. Allowing the hydrogen to be implanted in a location remote from the crack plane may allow the damage associated with the moderately high dose hydrogen implant from being present in the thin cut film, for example. The dose of hydrogen required, and its separation distance from the boron or other getter ions are issues of great interest and currently under investigation at this time. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge wafers and ion implantations provided by Zoltan T. Albert and Angus McFadden of nTEK. References 1. G. F. Cerofolini, R. Balboni, D. Bisero, F. Corni, S. Frabboni, G. Ottaviani, R. Tonini, R. S. Brusa, A. Zecca, M. Ceschini, G. Giebel, and L. Pavesi, Hydrogen Precipitation in Highly Oversaturated Single-Crystalline Silicon, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 150, 539 (1995) 2. M. Bruel, Silicon on Insulator Material Technology, Electron. Lett. 31, 1201 (1995) 3. M. Bruel, Process for the Production of Thin Semiconductor Material Films, US Patent 5,374,564 (filed Sept. 15, 1992, issued Dec. 20, 1994) 4. X. Lu, S. S. K. Iyer, J. Min. Z. Fan, J. B. Liu, P. K. Chu, C. Hu, and N. W. Chueng, Proc. 1966 IEEE Int. SOI Conf. 96CH35937, 48 (1966) 5. Tohru Hara, Takayuki Onda, Yasuo Kakizaki, Sotaro Oshima, Taira Kltamura, Kenji Kajiyama, Tomoaki Yoneda, Kohei Sekine and Morio Inoue, Delaminations of Thin Layers by High Dose Hydrogen Ion Implantation in Silicon, J. Electrochem. Soc. Vol. 143, No. 8, August 1996L166-L168 6. L. B. Freund, A lower bound on implant density to induce wafer splitting in forming compliant substrate structures, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 (26), 30 June 1997 7. Q.-Y. Tong, K. Gutjahr, S. Hopfe, and U. Goesele and T.-H. Lee, Layer splitting process in hydrogen-implanted Si, Ge, SiC, and diamond substrates, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, (11), 17 March 1997 pp 1390-1392 8. Robert W. Bower, Yang A. Li and Yong Jian Chin, The Hydrogen Ion Cut Technology Combined With Low Temperature Direct Bonding, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 3184, pp 2-4, June 1997 9. Y. Albert Li and Robert W. Bower, Surface Conditions and Morphology of Hydrogen Ion Cut Low Temperature Bonded Thin Film Layers, Submitted JJAP. 10. Q.-Y. Tong, T.-H. Lee, L.-J. Huang, Y.-L. Chao and U. Goesele, Low Temperature Si Layer Splitting, Proceedings 1977 IEEE International SOI Conference, Oct. 1997 pp 126-127 11. Aditya Agarwal, T. E. Haynes, V. C. Venezia, D. J. Eaglesham, M. K. Weldon, Y. J. Chabal, and O. W. Holland, Efficient Production of Silicon-on-Insulator Films by Co-implantation of He with H, Proceedings 1977 IEEE International SOI Conference, Oct. 1997 pp 44-45 12. J. L. Zeigler and J. P. Biersack, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids,Trim 95, Pergamon Press (1985) ISBN-0-08-021603-X 13. A. D. Marwick, G. S. Oehrlein, and M. Wittmer, High hydrogen concentrations produced by segregation into p layers in silicon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 59 (2), 8 July 1991, pp 198-200 Figure 1. Sloan DEKTAK 3030 line scan of surface split in hydrogen and boron implanted silicon after a 300 °C 10 minute anneal. Vertical axis is in nm and horizontal axis in μm.


Introduction, Summing finite series, Infinite series, Tests for convergence, Series and integrals, Infinite integrals and infinite series, Series with positive and negative terms, The theory of limits, Power seies, Maclaurin series, The error term, Taylor series and l'Hopital's rule, Homogeneous differential equations, Linear differential equations, Approximate methods, Review exercise, Answers, Index


This paper presents a new proposed topology of a solid-state transformer (SST) for application in hybrid power grids (ac and dc), in which the possibility of operating with various voltage levels (multilevel) in both sides is the main characteristic. At the interface with the power grid (primary side), the proposed SST consists of an ac-dc converter in Y configuration that guarantees operation with five levels in each phase-to-neutral voltage. To establish the hybrid power grid on the secondary side, the SST is composed of a dc-ac converter in Y configuration to establish an ac-grid, also operating with five levels in each phase-to-neutral voltage, and by a dc-dc converter to establish a dc-grid, which operates with three voltage levels. The interface between the converters of the primary side and the secondary side is guaranteed by an intermediary isolated dc-dc converter. As fundamental requirements, the proposed SST operates with balanced and sinusoidal currents on the primary side, and with balanced and sinusoidal voltages on the secondary side (ac-grid), as well as controlled voltages and currents on the dc-grid. Throughout the paper, the proposed topology for the SST is described in detail, with the operating principle of each converter being presented. The obtained results, both on steady-state and transient-state, for several main operating conditions, prove the correct functioning of the proposed SST, highlighting important features that contextualize the operation of the proposed SST in smart grids.


Platinum nanophase composite electrode for hydrogen generation by water electrolysis process has to meet sustainable development requirements even in its development phase by reducing GHG emissions to irrelevance. It is therefore important to determine possible emissions, to estimate the energy consumption and identify key parameters in the improvement of the process used to develop the electrode. Eco indicator 99 was used to assess and determine the types of impacts on the environment of the process of the preparation of the composite electrode and Umberto software was used to develop life cycle assessment inventory (LCIA).


The long-standing problem of finding coherent states for the (bound state portion of the) hydrogen atom is positively resolved. The states in question (i) are normalized and parametrized continuously, (ii) admit a resolution of unity with a positive measure, and (iii) enjoy the property that the temporal evolution of any coherent state by the hydrogen atom Hamiltonian remains a coherent state for all time.