This is the first installment of three fact sheets about the Latino population in the Omaha-Council Bluffs Metropolitan Statistical Area. Together, these fact sheets will provide the context for a forthcoming report on the economic and fiscal impacts of this population in the metro area. Special emphasis will be placed on the characteristics and impact of the Latino population in the city of Council Bluffs, Iowa, about which little has been written. The project is funded by the Iowa West Foundation, in collaboration with the Mammel Foundation, anonymous donors and the University of Nebraska at Omaha. Data for this fact sheet are based on OLLAS tabulations taken from the 2000 and 2010 U.S. Census and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS). The report also includes data from Iowa's Bureau of Vital Statistics and from Nebraska's Department of Health and Human Services. A Spanish version of this fact sheet is forthcoming. The Hispanic1 population in Iowa and Nebraska grew at a somewhat slower pace from 2000 to 2010 than it had during the previous decade. Nonetheless, these two "new immigrant destination" states were among the top ten states in the nation with the highest Latino population growth rate. Table 1 shows Iowa's Latino population growing at almost 84% while Nebraska's grew at slightly more than 77%. In contrast, the total population of Iowa and Nebraska grew by roughly four percent and seven percent respectively. Hispanics accounted for more than two-thirds of the two states' growth in the latest decade. In dramatic contrast, the white population experienced near zero or less-than-zero growth. The Pew Hispanic Center has recalculated some of the data from the 2010 census and the American Community Survey which reveals even higher rates of growth for both states' Hispanic population.2 According to the Pew Hispanic calculations, the Latino population in Iowa and Nebraska increased 109.8% and 109.7% respectively. The 2010 census established that there were 151,544 Latinos in Iowa and 167,405 Latinos in Nebraska. In reality, the figures are likely higher, and the significance of the Latino and minority populations for the future of the metro area cannot be underestimated. Demographic Characteristics of the Latino Population in the Omaha-Council Bluffs Metropolitan Area


The title reaction produces β-alkylated styrene 3 in preparative yields. The formation of trans 3 from the cis sulfoxide 2 or the sulfone 7 is explained by considering the vinylic radical 8 as the intermediate.


One principle of structured programming is that a program should be separated into meaningful independent subprograms, which are then combined so that the relation of the parts to the whole can be clearly established. This papedr escribes several alternative ways to compose programs. The main method used is to permit the programmer to denote by an expression the sequence of values taken on by a variable. The sequence is represented by a function called a stream, which is a functional analog of a coroutine. The conventional while and for loops of structured programming may be composed by a technique of stream processing (analogous to list processing), which results in more structured programs than the originals. This technique makes it possible to structure a program in a natural way into its logically separate parts, which can then be considered independently.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, the crosslinking agent with a binder and optionally, a total amount of between 0.2 to 2 wt% with respect calculated as pigments and / or conventional paint additives and metal resin solids, metal vanadium, manganese, iron, zinc, zirconium, silver, tin, lanthanum, include one or more sulfonate cerium and / or bismuth and / or organometallic compound, to an aqueous cathodic electrodeposition coating composition that does not contain lead .


This article analyzes national loyalty and identification by examining the language exams administered to minority public officials in Romania in 1934 and 1935. The exams aimed at testing officials' knowledge of the state language, but given the broader political context they were more than a survey of linguistic skills. Examinees were singled out as non-Romanian and subjected to an additional requirement not demanded from their ethnic Romanian colleagues, interpreting the use of the official language as a sign of loyalty. Drawing upon theories of loyalty as a historical concept, the paper analyzes how the particular situation of minority public officials was reflected in these texts and how they created a specific identification for themselves, composed of important elements of their minority ethnicity but also expressing their identification with the state and its modernizing goals as members of a unified, professional public body. The language exams signaled the emergence of a specific category of minority public servants who were part of both the minority group and the middle-class functionaries of the Romanian state. Nationalist public discourse on both sides—Romanian and minority—have denied and erased the history of these hybrid loyalties and identities, but the languages exams help us to recover them.


1 Institute of Public Health of Republic of North Macedonia, 50-ta Divizija 6, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia 2 Medical Faculty, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, 50-ta Divizija 6, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia 3 University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, 50-ta Divizija 6, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia 4 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delchev University, Krste Misirkov No 10-A, 2000 Stip, Republic of North Macedonia


Residual gas analysis is used to identify chlorofluorocarbon‐based contamination in the process chamber of a roots‐blower‐evacuated plasma etch system. The contamination is shown to result from volume migration of the corrosion resistant fluid used in a rotary vane backing pump. Injection of a regulated N2 flow between the blower and backing pump effectively eliminates the contamination.


Machine tool manufacturers and users will be well versed in the determination of accuracy and repeatability of their machines according to the major national and international machine performance standards. These standards are concerned with measuring the repeatability and accurate positioning of moving parts of a numerically controlled (NC) machine along or around each of the linear and rotary axes in turn. Since the publication of the international standard some 9 years ago, coupled with the knowledge of many thousand machine tool calibration exercises world-wide and new recommendations from ISO Geneva, the working group (ISO / TC39 / SC2 / WG2) charged with revising the international standard made further wide-ranging recommendations on the subject of how to measure machine tool accuracy and repeatability. These recommendations have culminated in a final draft standard (FDIS) being published which is at present being considered within ISO member countries for publication as a revision to the existing standard. This paper describes the changes within the standard, highlighting the differences in the practical approach to machine tool calibration, along with the changes that have now been made in the statistical calculation of the results for machine acceptance. Background to positioning accuracy and repeatability standards Positioning accuracy and repeatability measurement of both linear and rotary axes may be assessed to the British and International standards BS3800 : Part 2 [1] and ISO 230-2 [2]. These standards are used in the type testing of specific machines, acceptance testing of newly installed machines, comparison testing of a range of machines, periodic verification (i.e. annual recalibration), and linear error compensation to the machine tool controller to ensure continuing accuracy.


An effective soft template strategy is used for the in situ fabrication of molybdenum-doped mesoporous carbon/graphene composites. As noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media, they exhibit excellent catalytic activity through an efficient four-electron-dominant reaction pathway. Observably, compared with commercial Pt/C, they have superior methanol tolerance and long-term stability.


Link analysis basically relates transmitted power and received power and shows in detail how the difference between these two is accounted for. To this end the fundamental elements of the communications satellite Radio Frequency (RF) or free space link are employed. Basic transmission parameters, such as antenna gain, beam width, free-space path loss, and the basic link power equation are exploited. The concept of system noise and how it is quantified on the RF link is then developed, and parameters such as noise power, noise temperature, noise figure, and figure of merit are defined. The carrier-to-noise ratio and related parameters used to define communications link design and performance are developed based on the basic link and system noise parameters. Hence, a new system named as Link Budget Calculator is successfully designed to formulate the mathematical of link budget. The system analyzesand calculates basic formulas which are related to link budget by using the MATLAB software.


The problems faced by corn farmers in Juriya Village are the same as those of farmers in general, namely problems with capital, marketing, inadequate facilities and unstable market prices, so that farmers really need help from middlemen who provide all the needs of farmers. This research is to find out how the existence of middlemen in supporting the economy of corn farmers in Juriya Village, Bilato District, Gorontalo Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques in this study using observation techniques, interviews and documentation. The results showed that: First, the existence of middlemen in Juiya Village, Bilato District, Gorontalo Regency is very helpful to the farmer's economy such as needs, both in terms of primary needs and secondary needs so that the farmers always depend on middlemen or bosses for their lives. Second, the factors that cause farmers to depend on middlemen in Juriya Village include lack of capital, fulfillment of needs, cooperation, trust, and inadequate facilities. Third, both middlemen and corn farmers have their own ways of maintaining their working relationship. Fourth, the effects of a farmer's dependence on middlemen include a rise in dependency, exploitation of corn prices by middlemen, and inequality.


To the invention using a mobile communication network, a time difference of arrival (TDOA) method and a global positioning system (GPS) frequency-divides the method, GPS clock period at a location tracking methods integrate the system with a chip rate of said mobile communication network acquiring a GPS located in the determined terminal, and the transmission time of the pilot signals transmitted from a plurality of base stations, by using the reception time of the terminal for the pilot signal, obtain the TDOA is located in the terminal an average of the TDOA is located the calculation and obtains the position error value by subtracting the GPS located on the average value of the TDOA is located, the process of performing the correction by performing an iteration by using the least square method with respect to the position error value and, the correction of the position error value, a back comprising: a process of obtaining a more precise located by summing the average value of the TDOA is located Characterized by a position error of the user terminal, which may occur when using a single positioning of the GPS or the TDOA techniques or located that there is an effect that it is possible to resolve the suspense. Further, by correcting the located over the Kalman filter using the TDOA, which can ensure the accuracy of the position measurement reliability, and position effect. CDMA, GPS, TDOA, TOA, Location Tracking, Kalman filter


With reference to the article on Ramsay which appeared in your October, 1953, issue and to a letter from its author in January, 1954,1 should like to present the following tentative solution to the vexing problem of the authorship of this famous tract. In the Library of the University of Pennsylvania is a copy of the Essay, on the flyleaf of which is inscribed the owner's name, J. Bretland, Jr., 1789, and in the same hand, though obviously written at a different period, these lines: "This book was written by Obadiah Hulme of Charterhouse Square, a relation of Dr. Nathaniel Hulme, physician to the Charterhouse. He died 1791." This is followed in a much more recent hand by an entry from Halkett and Laing, III, 52, attributing the book to Allan Ramsay. However, Bretland (1742-1819), a friend and associate of Priestley's, was known to be a studious man and was, moreover, of much the same mind as his famous friend as to political and religious matters. This would mean that, as one of the small circle of early radicals or "real Whigs," as they liked to call themselves, he might well have been interested in the authorship of the tract for the sake of its thesis. Moreover, his attribution is supported by an entry among the obituaries in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1791 (p. 586)—"Obadiah Hulme of Charterhouse Square, author of An Historical Essay on the English Constitution and several other tracts." The Nathanial Hulme referred to by Bretland was a well-known doctor and author of several works. He was born in Hulme Thorp, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, near Halifax. Further research may well put Obadiah Hulme also among those reforming Yorkshire men of this period whose activities form one of the most interesting chapters in the story of the early radicals.


Two Penicillium species were isolated from the soil of two seed orchards on the Siskiyou National Forest in southwest Oregon, where magnesium-rich serpentine rock mineral is abundant. One species was isolated from soil ofDouglas-fir rhizosphere, the other species from the nonrhizosphere soil. Both isolates were tested for their ability to degrade serpentine and muscovite. Both isolates degraded serpentine, releasing silicon and magnesium. The two fungal isolates also degraded muscovite, releasing aluminum, potassium, and silicon. Limited quantities of the cations released from mineral degradation were immobilized in mycelial tissue.


Greywater problem is the environmental issues that have not received much attention from the public and the government. Greywater is one of the main sources of water pollution that needs to be managed properly. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and greywater management system that is understood and applied by communities in urban settlements through case Tamalanrea District of the Makassar city in Indonesia. The results can then be used as a basis in determining a solution for the management and treatment of greywater. Data were obtained from field observation and interview techniques using a questionnaire. Samples were collected from the outlet pipe greywater disposal of household and the combined channel in residential areas, and then analyzed in laboratory. The results showed that the parameters of pH, BOD, COD and TSS greywater of community settlements in the District Tamalanrea largely exceeded the threshold of environmental quality standards. While the greywater management system held separately from blackwater in a way to flow into the drainage channel without being processed first. The management conditions provide convenience in greywater treatment efforts so that it can be reused. In addition, it can reduce environmental pollution and increase the availability of groundwater.


In harmony with classical pharmacology and toxicology, the activity of each biologically active compound depends on two factors: the ability to reach a receptive system and evoke physiological effect in the result of interactions on the molecular level. It concerns also drugs and toxic substances applied on the skin or mucous membranes. In this case, an active has to permeate through the horny layer and viable epidermis and reach the compartments, in which capillaries are, that is dermis and subdermal tissue. After penetration into blood circulation it may reach other compartments and evoke local or systemic physiological effects depending on its properties. It happens sometimes that the maximum activity is observed in the areas localized close to an application site, i.e. for anti-inflammatory non-steroid drugs and local anesthetics. Dermatological drugs and substances eliciting contact dermatitis such as i.e. topically applied retinoids, contact allergens and irritants belong to the separate group. In this case, the activity is localized in the skin and the condition of their activity is their ability to permeate through the horny layer and reaching the receptors of the viable tissue layer localized directly under the stratum corneum. The amount of a substance capable to elicit immune response is - for contact allergens - so small that the toxicokinetic factor of bioavailability can be often neglected.


Social relief system matters much in rural areas,useful for social stability and rural economic development.Nevertheless,a number of problems exist in this regard.It is held that poverty reduction,legal support,strong management and efficient services are the solution to the problems.


ABSTRACTFluent reading is best conceived as rational action, rather than solely as cognitive processes. Information processing theories focus only on two conditions of rational reading: the nature and the medium of cognitive processing. There are three cultural conditions of rational reading: the materials read, the purposes for reading, and the circumstances of reading. Consideration of the origins of writing and the organization of literacy activities allows me to construct and elaborate a continuum of kinds of writing (documents and texts). At one pole is "reflective writing," which consists of formatted signs on a surface, i.e., a document, the reading of which facilitates judgment about, or engenders a response to, some state of affairs. Most reading theorists presume that virtually all reading is of this kind. Newspapers, magazines, novels, nonfiction books, and journals are examples of reflective writing. At the other pole is "enabling writing," which consists of a document whose text enables the a...


W hile art classes offer unique opportunities for inclusion, few include studentswho experience severe disabilities.From research (Kraft, 2001) on the least-restrictive-environment (LRE) mandateof the Individualswith Disabilities Education Act ([IDEA] U.S.C. 20§ 1412 (a)(S)(A», we developedHEARTS (Human Empowermentthrough the ARTS), in June2001, to practice what we understandasinclusionin the art class. Experienced art teachers will benefit from review of the laws that support their requests for aidesandassistive technology and from the strategiesthat we suggest; however,the HEARTS modelwe advocate hereisdesigned for art teachereducationprograms. Ten preservice art educators developedthe HEARTS mission, based on study of the law and "communitarian" (Turnbull,1991) values of equality, liberty,and efficiency. Weoutline the conceptof inclusion (specifically, the art class asLRE) asthe courts interpret the federal mandate, what inclusionmeans to us,and inclusionpractices in the HEARTS program.


The authors describe a course in the history of psychiatry in which patients' autobiographies are used to illustrate different eras and approaches to the treatment of the mentaly ill. They feel that this approach highlights recurrent historical themes and provides a perspective on the present transitional state of psychiatry.


Nigeria is a country endowed with alluvial aquifers that occur along major river valleys, in low lying areas which are frequent to flooding during the rainy season. They are scattered across the ecological zones of Guinea savannah, Sudan savannah and the Sahel Savannah and are the thickest along the river Niger and river Benue. The irrigated flood plains (Fadama) are formed by the deposition of transported weathered exogenic terrigenous materials derived from the surrounding basement rocks. These shallow aquifers are mostly unconfined and are recharged through flash flooding events which make them hold great groundwater resources for dry season farming. The fertility of the soils with their residual moisture content makes them attractive for dry season farming. The potential and importance of Fadama agriculture for food production and economic development are crucial, given the recent rising food prices, climatic changes, environmental risks associated with "modern" agriculture, modelled farming systems and population growth. Fadama areas are therefore of critical importance to the survival and economic development of millions of rural dwellers. This paper reviews the groundwater potential of the Floodplains of Fadama for dry farming systems in semi-arid northern Nigeria.


We describe in detail, the design, construction, and testing of a specimen holder that allows for the nanoindentation of surfaces while viewing in cross‐section in a high voltage transmission electron microscope (TEM). This nanoindentation specimen holder, having three‐axis position control of a diamond indenter in combination with micromachined specimens, allows for the first time the dynamic observation of subsurface microstructure evolution under an indenter tip. Additionally, the sample design techniques that have been developed for these procedures may eliminate the need for TEM specimen preparation for additional ex situ nanoindentation experiments. Initial experimental results from in situ indentation of Si samples in the high voltage electron microscope are reported here to demonstrate the capability of this new specimen holder. Miscrosc. Res. Tech. 42:248–254, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


To discriminate spam Web hosts/pages from normal ones, text-based and link-based data are provided for Web Spam Challenge Track II. Given a small part of labeled nodes (about 10%) in a Web linkage graph, the challenge is to predict other nodes' class to be spam or normal. We extract features from link-based data, and then combine them with text-based features. After feature scaling, Support Vector Ma- chines (SVM) and Random Forests (RF) are modeled in the extremely high dimensional space with about 5 million features. Stratified 3-fold cross validation for SVM and out-of-bag estimation for RF are used to tune the modeling parameters and estimate the generalization capabil- ity. On the small corpus for Web host classification, the best F-Measure value is 75.46% and the best AUC value is 95.11%. On the large corpus for Web page classification, the best F-Measure value is 90.20% and the best AUC value is 98.92%.


X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is proving invaluable in determining the average chemical form of metals or metalloids in intact biological tissues. As most tissues have spatial structure, there is great additional interest in visualizing the spatial location of the metal(loid) as well as its chemical forms. XAS imaging gives the opportunity of producing maps of specific chemical types of elements in vivo in dilute biological systems. X‐ray fluorescence microprobe techniques are routinely used to study samples with spatial heterogeneity. Microprobe produces elemental maps, with chemical sensitivity obtained by recording micro‐XAS spectra at selected point locations on the map. Unfortunately, using these procedures spatial detail may be lost as the number of point spectra recorded generally is limited. A powerful extension of microprobe is XAS imaging or chemically specific imaging. Here, the incident energy is tuned to features in the near‐edge which are characteristic of the expected chemical forms o...


This report describes some of the activities in E (Experimental Physics) Division during the past year. E-Division carries out research and development in areas related to the missions of the Laboratory. Many of the activities are in pure and applied atomic and nuclear physics. In addition this report describes work on accelerators, radiation damage, microwaves, and plasma diagnostics.


1. Apparatus electric gun, the gun comprising means coupled to a pistol made in full-bridge configuration and provided with a solenoid with a longitudinal axis, a plunger mounted at least partially inside the solenoid, with a substantially linear movement along the longitudinal axis in response to excitation of the solenoid electric signals from the gun actuator and a control circuit coupled to drive the gun, the gun actuator configured to supply low-frequency pulse-momentum waist modulated electrical signals, and the control circuit is operative to regulate the amount of the spray gun material by controlling the duty cycle modulating electrical signals generated by a full-bridge configuration gun actuator. ! 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to maintain the high frequency electrical signals from the first moment of time when the plunger in the closed position until a second time when the plunger in the open position. ! 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein after a second time modulated electric signals with a high frequency is performed before the third point in time. ! 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein after the third time a negative level of electrical signals is maintained until the fourth point in time at which the value of the current flowing through the solenoid is substantially zero. ! 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the actuator is a pistol in a full-bridge configuration. ! 6. The apparatus of claim 1, to


The present study was performed to evaluate the hangover relieving effect of germinated buckwheat (GB) and Sanghwang mushroom mycelium cultured in GB (SGB). Both GB and SGB showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities and significantly increased (p < 0.001) aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities; up to 140% increase at concentrations of 16 μL/mL. Locomotor activity test results from alcohol-SGB and alcohol-GB groups showed improved motor activities over that of the alcohol-water group at 90 min post-administration. Both alcoholGB and alcohol-SGB groups had significantly reduced (p < 0.001) alcohol (40.02 ± 33.38 μg/mL, 66.01 ± 22.04 μg/mL, respectively) and aldehyde (5.72 ± 0.47 μg/mL, 6.72 ± 1.70 μg/mL, respectively) concentrations in blood compared to those in the alcohol-water group (199.75 ± 33.83 μg/mL, 50.43 ± 13.88 μg/mL, respectively) at 90 min post-administration. Based on cDNA microarray analysis, expressions of ALDH genes ALDH1a7 and ALDH18a1 and cytochrome P450 (CY450) gene CYP4a30b were upregulated in the alcohol-GB and alcohol-SGB groups compared to levels in the control group. Overall, the results suggest that both GB and SGB have hangover relieving effects by reducing blood acetaldehyde levels. The molecular mechanisms may involve ALDH activation and upregulated expression of alcohol metabolism-related genes such as ALDH and CYP450.


In this work, Ni films with the thickness of 50nm were deposited on (110) silicon substrate by electron beam evaporation at the temperature of 125∘C, 300∘C and 500∘C. Graphene was prepared on Ni films by PECVD to study the effect of Ni film structure and surface morphology on the graphene grown by PECVD. The result shows that the particle size and surface roughness of Ni film increase, as the temperature of substrate go up. The Ni film deposited at 125∘C exhibits amorphous state, and the Ni films deposited at 300∘C and 500∘C exhibit (111) microcrystal structure. The graphene grown on the microcrystalline Ni film deposited at 300∘C is the bilayer structure with less defects and uniform morphology. The graphene prepared on the microcrystalline Ni film deposited at 500∘C has more defects, layers and obvious plane undulation. The analysis indicates that microcrystalline Ni film deposited at 300∘C can be used by PECVD at low temperature to prepare a bilayer graphene with less defects and uniform morphology.


Negative and positive partial discharge inception voltages and breakdown measurements are reported in a needle-plane electrode system as a function of pressure under AC voltage for natural gases (N2, CO2, and O2/CO2), pure NovecTM gases (C4F7N and C5F10O) and NovecTM in different natural gas admixtures. For compressed 4% C4F7N–96% CO2 and 6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2 gas mixtures, the positive-streamer mode is identified as the breakdown mechanism. Breakdown and negative partial discharge inception voltages of 6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2 are higher than those of 4% C4F7N–96% CO2. At 8.8 bar abs, the breakdown voltage of 6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2 is equal to that of 12.77% O2–87.23% CO2 (buffer gas). Synergism in negative partial discharge inception voltage/electric field fits with the mean value and the sum of each partial pressure individually component for a 20% C4F7N–80% CO2 and 6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2, respectively. In 9% C4F7N–91% CO2, the comparison of partial discharge inception electric fields is Emax (CO2) = Emax(C4F7N), and Emax (12.77% O2–87.23% CO2) = Emax(C5F10O) in 19% C5F10O–81%(12.77% O2–87.23% CO2). Polarity reversal occurs under AC voltage when the breakdown polarity changes from negative to positive cycle. Polarity reversal electric field EPR was quantified. Fitting results show that EPR (CO2) = EPR(9% C4F7N–91% CO2) and EPR(SF6) = EPR (22% C4F7N–78% CO2). EPR (4% C4F7N–96% CO2) = EPR (12.77% O2–87.23% CO2) and EPR (6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2) < EPR (4% C4F7N–96% CO2) < EPR (CO2).


Fora wage limit for out-patients, I would recommend the adoption of that of the Preston Infirmary. Let the Poor Law cease shunting its cases on the voluntary charities, making due provision for their own. Let the sick club farce cease, and let them provide for their own. Let harmony and uniformity exist between all the charities, so putting an end to the evil of overlapping-the performing of the work by one charity instead of by twelve, and let medical appointments to voluntary charities be by examination, and for a limited number of years only; then there will be a true reform, and one which will not shun honest criticism.-I am, etc., Liverpool. ROBERT REID RENTOUL.


Land redistribution programme has been going on in South Africa for the past two decades; with anticipation that it will address national challenges of inequalities, food insecurity and unemployment. Studies on land redistribution programmes had been based on few farms and could not provide general assessment of the programme. This study focused on large number of redistributed farms in the Waterberg District Municipality, with an aim of analysing the effect of changes made to the land redistribution programme (leading to four distinguishable models over time) on the degree of beneficiation and the extent of land use. Data were collected through individual surveys, key informants interviews and stakeholder workshop. The numbers of beneficiaries and the level of beneficiary participation, both on averages per farm, were different (p<0.05) among land redistribution models. The extent of land used for crops differed (p<0.05) among models when expressed in hectares per farm, but no differences were observed when expressed as percentage of total farm land. The number of beneficiaries decreased while the level of beneficiary participation decreased over time. The extent of land used for livestock differed (p<0.05) among models when expressed both in hectares and as percentages of total farm land. Although the models differed in extent of land used, there were no identifiable trends over time. The changes in land redistribution programme over time were found to be a trade-off between the number of beneficiaries and level of participation. The lack of trends on extent of land use could be attributed to the fact that previous land ownership, intended land us, developments in agricultural sector of an area and the social class of beneficiaries represented the context in which land redistribution was being implemented. All these factors did not result in systematic trends on the extent of land use.


How can we be creative - especially in an academic setting? While Franz Andres Morrissey agrees that creativity cannot necessarily be learned, he argues that anyone can learn strategies that break conventional thinking patterns and allow us to describe concepts in different words - and different words open the door to unconventional and creative thinking.


A bulk micromachined vibratory tunneling gyroscope, which employs the high displacement sensitivity of quantum tunneling to obtain the desired resolution and is fabricated with silicon-glass wafer bonding and DRIE (Deep Reactive Ion Etching), has been developed. The device structure consists of a proof mass which can oscillate due to electrostatic comb driving and an out-of-plane silicon frame linked up to substrate by suspended springs. Because of adopting the silicon frame structure to get larger proof mass and putting tunneling tip at the end of silicon frame to obtain remarkable deformation induced by Coriolis force, the new ultracompact devices can provide extremely high sensitivity and wide dynamic range. Based on the modal analysis of gyroscope by FEM method, the structure dimensions are optimized according to resonant frequency matching of driving mode and detection mode. Simulation results demonstrate that the gyroscope owns the sensitivity of 0.7 Å(°/sec) at atmospheric pressure. The deep dry silicon on glass (DDSOG) process has been successfully used to fabricate this bulk tunneling gyroscope. The tunneling current is observed at deflection voltage 45.7V. The exponential relationship between tunneling current and square deflection voltage verifies the tunneling effect mechanism between the tip and the detected electrode.


KCL-SDS assay was used to explore DNA-Protein Crosslinks (DPC) effect induced by formaldehyde (FA) and the repair. Gaseous FA could cause DPC at concentrations as 1.0 mg m−3 and 3.0 mg m−3 (p < 0.01), which was removed within 12 h. Meanwhile, in vitro studies showed that 75 µmol L−1 liquid FA could significantly induce DPC in HepG2 cells, and was removed after 18 h and 24 h. These results suggested that FA could induce DPC at relatively high concentrations, and removing of DPC in vivo required shorter time than that in vitro.


By combining relevant research results and the characteristics of rural socio-economic development in eastern coastal areas of Shandong province,this paper builds a set of evaluation system of new rural construction from "the development of production,the ample life,local custom civilization,clean and tidy village,management democracy" and evaluates the process of new rural construction in 18 towns (street offices) of Jiaozhou by using grey correlation method.The conclusion shows that the overall level of new rural construction in Jiaozhou is satisfactory,but there are obvious imbalances on the process of construction and differences for the above five aspects among the towns (street offices).So this paper,according to the evaluation results and the experience of Jiaozhou,proposes that constructing new rural areas should follow the principles of adjusting measures to local conditions,urban and rural harmonious development,and bringing professional farmers cooperation into full play.


The data pre-processing is a very important step in network abnormal intrusion detection, and directly affects the accuracy of the subsequent detection. In this paper, there are two issues in the network abnormal intrusion detection based on the hierarchical clustering so that some improvements should be made in the data pre-processing stage: first, there is the redundancy and attribute weight problem, each attribute with the weights should be attributing reduced with the use of rough set theory. Second, Aiming to the problem of the continuous data discretization in the rough set theory, an adaptive discrete algorithm for the data characteristics is proposed, and the algorithm determines the intervals of the discretization on the basis of the distribution of the sample attribute values. At last, the two improved methods are exper- imented and compared with the use of the existing discretization method. The experimental results demonstrate the effec- tiveness and accuracy of the algorithm.


Machine learning has emerged as an indispensable part of modern data analysis, particularly for classifying samples based on complex sets of variables. In the realm of clinical diagnostics, it has been successfully utilized for applications ranging from identifying abnormal areas of tissue on a scanned slide image, through predicting disease progression based on laboratory results. Briefly, "machine learning" (which is a subset of artificial intelligence) begins with a data set of samples with known outcomes. A variety of algorithms are then used to "train" a classifier (based on this original "training set") that will predict the appropriate outcome in a new, unknown sample that has not been previously analyzed. By providing computational "expertise" in analyzing a complex laboratory data set, a validated machine learning classifier can serve as a valuable aid for the clinical laboratorian in providing interpretive or diagnostic guidance to a front-line clinician.


This article is devoted to the aims and aspects for the development of the medical care quality management in Saint Petersburg. The article contains stages of quality control systems structure and its adoption on such levels as medical institutions and federal public authorities it reviews issues of forming normative legal basis, forming services and carrying out an expert examination of the quality in healthcare agencies. The article also deals with problems of medical services standartization. Analyzing the operation of the medical care quality management during the last three years are under discussion.


In order to examine ecological conditions of Eucalyptus plantations,environmental monitoring was carried out in the main Eucalyptus plantation areas of Guangxi for 10 consecutive years.The results clearly answered the main controversial social issues about the environmental ecology of Eucalyptus plantations.Based on the results obtained,a number of sustainable development countermeasures were proposed to further address the key controversial issues that arise in regards to the sustainable management of Eucalyptus plantations.


Thyroid hormone deficiency may not be the immediate cause of severely impaired consciousness in myxedema. Review of published cases identifies four pathological stales associated with myxedema which may be directly responsible. These are hypoxia, hypercarbia, hyponatremia, and hypopituitarism. Some myxedematous patients are on the verge of cerebral hypoxia; intercurrent heart disease (myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure) or hypotension (overwhelming infection or gastrointestinal hemorrhage) may readily lead to coma in these patients. Others have mild alveolar hypoventilation which may proceed to severe hypercarbia, particularly in the presence of ventilation-perfusion inequalities (pneumonia) or following respiratory depression (drug administration). Severe hyponatremia occasionally accompanies myxedema and may be responsible for altered stales of consciousness. Patients with secondary myxedema may present with vascular collapse consequent to pan-hypopituitarism. Undue emphasis on thyroid replacement regimens may divert attention from these immediate causes of impaired consciousness and delay institution of specific therapy.


To solve the problems of serious buffeting in traditional sliding mode control and difficulty in obtaining the derivative information of the system sliding mode surface, a distributed drive electric vehicles active front steering (AFS) control method based on adaptive super-twisting sliding mode control (ASTSMC) is proposed. Taking the yaw rate deviation as the state quantity, the stable and convergent sliding mode surface is designed to obtain the equivalent control input of the front wheel angle. The sliding mode function information is substituted into the parameters of the super-twisting algorithm; the discontinuous term is kept in the integrand function to keep the control signal continuous and weaken the system chattering; the adaptive control law is added to design the AFS controller. The co-simulation results of Matlab/Simulink and Carsim show that ASTSMC can reduce the yaw rate by 40.59% compared with no control under step steering condition. Compared with the sliding mode controller, ASTSMC has optimized the sideslip angle by 5.41% under the double line shifting condition.


Arauco's Nueva Aldea Pulp Mill has become a major marketing asset for the Andean forest industry giant, and has helped the company rid itself of its swan killer reputation. Purging the company's environmental image has required Finnish engineering expertise, highly efficient communication and large volumes of wine.


The generation of carbon-centered radicals from alkyl bromides through an oxidative quenching pathway using perylene as an organic visible-light photocatalyst is described. This methodology is used to initiate the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate and other functionalized vinyl monomers. The polymers possess bromide chain-end groups that can be used to reinitiate polymerization to produce block copolymers. Control over the polymerization propagation can be achieved through pulsed light sequences while the ability to use natural sunlight to promote carbon–carbon bond formation produces polymers with dispersity as low as 1.29.


We report a spin-orbit coupling induced back-action cooling in an optomechanical system, composed of a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in an optical cavity with one movable end mirror, by suppressing heating effects of quantum noises. The collective density excitations of the spin-orbit coupling mediated hyperfine states – serving as atomic oscillators equally coupled to the cavity field – trigger strongly driven atomic back-action. We find that the back-action not only revamps low-temperature dynamics of its own but also provides an opportunity to cool the mechanical mirror to its quantum mechanical ground state. Further, we demonstrate that the strength of spin-orbit coupling also superintends dynamic structure factor and squeezes nonlinear quantum noises, like thermo-mechanical and photon shot noise, which enhances optomechanical features of hybrid cavity beyond the previous investigations. Our findings are testable in a realistic setup and enhance the functionality of cavity-optomechanics with spin-orbit coupled hyperfine states in the field of quantum optics and quantum computation.


【100% viscose rayon fabric was treated with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) by pad-dry-cure process in the presence of various catalysts. The dimensional stability, mechanical properties and hand values of fabric treated with BTCA were investigated. The ester-crosslinking reaction was influenced by the concentration of BTCA and type of catalyst. The fabric treated with BTCA was comparable or superior to that treated with conventional crosslinking agents such as dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone in respect of wrinkle recovery, shrinkproof property, retention of strength, and hand values. But in yellowing of fabric, the fabric treated with BTCA was inferior to that treated with conventional crosslinking agents. The fabric treated with BTCA/sodium formate was inferior to that treated with BTCA/sodium hypophosphite in respect of WRA, but had better strength retention and whiteness.】


Oral mucositis (OM) is a frequent complication of mucotoxic cancer therapy, causing significant oral pain, increased infection risk, and impaired functioning. The efficacy and safety of Saforis (glutamine) powder in UpTec for oral suspension was evaluated for the prevention and treatment of OM.


To explore the association between a newly developed cumulative laboratory‐based frailty index (FI) and intrinsic (personal) and extrinsic (social, environmental) characteristics.


In recent years, the Distributed Video Coding (DVC) has become a more and more popular research area. In the current work, the framework of transform domain Wyner-Ziv coding of video frames is considered, following the scheme developed in the EU Project DISCOVER. While some frames are conventionally coded as key frames, other frames are Wyner-Ziv encoded using turbo codes. After the generation of side information and turbo decoding process at the decoder, the quantisation indices of the quantised transform coefficients of Wyner-Ziv frames are available. In this paper, we devote our attention to the reconstruction of quantised transform coefficients resulting in a minimised quantisation error energy, where coding gains of up to 0.9 dB are obtained.


Video surveillance systems have a huge market, as indicated by the number of installed cameras, particularly for low-power systems. In this paper, we propose a low-power quadtree video encoder for video surveillance systems. It features a low-complexity motion estimation algorithm, an application-specific ME-MC processor, a dedicated quadtree encoder engine and a processor control-based clock-gating technique. A chip capable of encoding 30fps VGA (640×480) at 80MHz is fabricated using 0.18μm CMOS technology. A total of 153K gates with 558kbits SRAM have been integrated into a 5.0mm×3.5mm die. The power consumption is 40.87mW at 80MHz for VGA at 30fps and 1.97mW at 3.3MHz for QCIF at 15fps.


Pequod Associates, Inc. and District Energy St. Paul, Inc. installed a pilot project of an innovative District Heating technology through a contract with the US DOE. This applied research was funded by the Energy Research and Development Act (94--163) for District Heating and Cooling Research. The experimental design is an intervention technique that permits hot water district heating systems to connect to buildings equipped with steam heating systems to connect to buildings equipped with steam heating systems. This method can substantially reduce conversion costs in many older buildings. The method circulates Imitation Steam, which is moist hot air, as a heating medium in standard steam radiators and steam heating coils. Based on the operation of the system during the 1989--90 and 1990--91 winter heating seasons, we conclude the following: the basic concept of using Imitation Steam was proved feasible. The performance of the system can be improved beyond the levels achieved in this installation. Imitation Steam did not cause significant corrosion in the piping system. The technology can be used by other district heating systems to lower conversion costs and increase market penetration. Among the additional benefits from this technology are: eliminating old, inefficient boilers; lower maintenance costs; improved fuelmore » efficiency; reduced emissions.« less


This paper, from April 2016 to April 2017, I visit the school year through experience, Southwestern College University of human sciences disciplines from childhood education classes, undergraduate thesis guidance, to participate in the conference, in collaboration with tutor research, summed up the years visiting experiences and insights, young students and teachers for the struggling, and plan of study abroad for students, for reference only.


We consider the effect of a large, global magnetic field on the structure of upper--main-sequence envelopes. We find that, for a simple stellar envelope model incorporating a 1000 gauss field, the additional B/sup 2//8..pi.. magnetic pressure component may be sufficient to expand the photosphere of a 2.0 M/sub sun/ star by about 20%. We discuss the implications of this effect for both Ap stars and for the position of the main sequence in cluster H-R diagrams.


In The Antinomies of Realism Fredric Jameson positions realism as a discursive tension between two forms of temporality: on the one hand, the temporality of storytelling and the tale and, on the other, the temporality of affect. The outcome is a 'scenic present which in reality, but secretly, abhors the other temporalities which constitute the force of the tale or recit in the first place'. This article considers the usefulness of Jameson's diagnosis of realism for discussions of cinema. How are the temporalities that Jameson describes enacted in a medium much more directly invested in an experience of the present? The investigation of this question will occur in the context of a close engagement with two films in which the tension between storytelling and affect is evident at the level of the actors' performances: John Cassavetes's A Woman under the Influence (1974) and Maurice Pialat's A nos amours (1984).


There are a lot of energy saving devices for ships on the market, but few have seen wide adoption on naval ships, with one exception: the bulbous bow. The bulbous bow was developed for naval ships in the early 20th century and is now widespread on a variety of ship designs. Many have wondered if the effect of the bulbous bow — reducing the resistance of a ship by reducing the bow wave — could be replicated somehow at the stern — by reducing the stern wave. This is exactly what is done by a novel and patented energy saving device called Hull Vane®.
Invented by Dutch hydrodynamicist Dr Peter van Oossanen for an America's Cup sailing yacht in the early 21st century, research over the years has shown that this wing-shaped appendage works best on ships that combine a relatively high displacement with a relatively high top speed requirement — even if most sailing hours are done at half speed. Examples are certain offshore vessels, superyachts, patrol vessels and naval ships. On offshore patrol vessels, the resistance reduction from the Hull Vane® ranges typically from 10 to 20% over the entire useful speed range.
In this paper, the working principles of the Hull Vane® will be described to give a better under-standing of the device. An overview will be given of the work carried out on naval ships and coastguard ships (25 to 142 m), based on Computational Fluid Dynamics studies, model tests and full-scale applications. The question 'Why?' will be answered by translating the hydrodynamic effects to concrete capability improvements for naval ships: a lower fuel consumption, a longer range, reduced signature, a higher top speed and improved seakeeping.
The question 'When?' will zoom in on whether a Hull Vane® is something to be included in a newbuild or if it is something to be retrofitted to an existing ship. Finally the answer to the question 'How?' will explain the process of either integrating a Hull Vane® in a newbuild project or retrofitting it during a midlife upgrade of an existing ship.


Freewill is actually not free – it has limited degrees of freedom. Like non-living bodies, living organisms also obey mechanical laws of nature and act according to external forces to fulfill their needs, though, it is not self evident. All organisms - living or not - follow laws of nature. However, only living organisms can perceive through their sensory agencies when these impulses are reflected in the Conscious Self that illuminates every thing and is the repository of all knowledge (results of measurement) and processes. Since knowledge, i.e., result of measurement for any instant, is frozen for ever, Consciousness is universal, immutable, eternal, un-moving and timeless; thus, is the universal and ubiquitous foundation of life – it is the Observer of everything that are observables.


The cosT oF Iraq According to Nicholas Kristof, the Iraq war costs the USA $380,000 per minute (1). Former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld estimated before the war started that the total cost would be $50 billion. It more likely will be $2000 billion ($2 trillion); that's $6600 per American. The cost of this war already appears to be four times the amount needed to provide health insurance for all uninsured Americans for the next decade! Many of the costs are hidden and will occur in the future. For example, 20,000 soldiers have been injured in Iraq, including 3000 who have suffered severe head injuries, and the US government will have to pay for around-the-clock care for many of them for decades at a cost ranging from $600,000 to $5 million per person. (Some military experts say the number of wounded is a more accurate gauge of the fierceness of the fighting than is the death toll [now 3000] because advances in armor and medical care allow many service members to survive who would have perished in past wars (2). The ratio of wounded to killed among US forces in Iraq is about 8:1, compared with 3:1 in Vietnam.) The disability payments will continue for half a century. Among veterans of the First Gulf War—in which ground combat lasted only 100 hours—40% ended up receiving disability payments, still costing $2 billion per year. The number of today's veterans who will claim such benefits is uncertain, but more veterans sought care through the Department of Veterans Affairs in the first quarter of 2006 than had been budgeted for the entire four quarters. The war has forced the military to offer re-enlistment bonuses in exceptional circumstances that reach $150,000. Likewise, tanks, helicopters, and other battlefield equipment will have to be replaced early since they are being worn out at up to six times the peacetime rate. The war, of course, is being financed by "loans" from China and other countries. These borrowing costs are estimated to range from $265 billion to $300 billion in interest annually. The increase in the price of oil from about $20 per barrel to over $60 per barrel is in part the result of the Iraqi war and the marked drop in Iraq's oil exports. Every additional year we keep our troops in Iraq will add $200 billion to our tax bills. That kind of money could pay a lot of our health bills and also help update our nation's deteriorating infrastructure.


http://tac.sagepub.com 115 The authors of the review 'Combination therapy in chronic kidney disease' [Juncos and Caputo, 2015] published in the August issue of Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease describe with elegance the probable Paleolithic origin of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). Due to dietary and behavioral changes over the centuries, the system could have become partially maladaptive, accelerating the course of a number of pathological conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD).


The results of field observations in Barebbo Sub-District, the majority of the people are rice business actors using the transplanting planting method  and direct seed planting. with a land area of 405 ha which is divided into several strata of land area. Lowland rice farming income using transplanting method and direct seed planting as seen from the use of labor, seeds, costs and farmers' income. The purpose of this study was to find out the comparison of income from rice farming by transplanting parallel rows and direct scattering. This research was carried out for 3 months, from November to January 2022. The number of samples was 40 farmers with a distribution of 20 farmers using the horizontal transplanting system and 20 farmers using the direct scatter seed planting system using the Slovin formula. The technique of determining the sample using purposive sampling method while the research data uses primary data and secondary data. Data analysis used is a type of quantitative data in the form of income analysis. Based on the results of this study, the average income of farmers in transplanting transplanted rice farming is Rp. 25,593,000/ha with an R/C of 2.88, while the average income of farmers in direct scattering rice farming is Rp. 17,993,000/ha with an R /C 2.28 while the average income of farmers in transplanting transplanted rice farming is Rp.16,711,925/ha while the average income of farmers in direct scattering rice farming is Rp.10,484,050/ha.


We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the admissible vectors of a new unitary non irreducible representation $U$. The group $G$ is an arbitrary semidirect product whose normal factor $A$ is abelian and whose homogeneous factor $H$ is a locally compact second countable group acting on a Riemannian manifold $M$. The key ingredient in the construction of $U$ is a $C^1$ intertwining map between the actions of $H$ on the dual group $\hat A$ and on $M$. The representation $U$ generalizes the restriction of the metaplectic representation to triangular subgroups of $Sp(d,\R)$, whence the name "mock metaplectic". For simplicity, we content ourselves with the case where $A=\R^n$ and $M=\R^d$. The main technical point is the decomposition of $U$ as direct integral of its irreducible components. This theory is motivated by some recent developments in signal analysis, notably shearlets. Many related examples are discussed.


In this paper, the authors investigate the horizontal distribution and temporal variation of the thickness of the bottom mixed layer (BML), HBML, in the South China Sea. Regarding the horizontal distribution, the authors show that HBML calculated from the CTD data are thicker over the continental slope of the northern South China Sea than HBML over the continental shelf and deep basin. Concerning the temporal variation, the authors demonstrate that temperature fluctuation in the BML is dominated by diurnal, semidiurnal, and inertial variations at the mooring the continental shelf (Station M1), whereas lowfrequency variation dominates at the mooring in the deep basin (Station M2). Considering that HBML at Station M1 is thicker than that at Station M2 as well, the authors attribute the horizontal distribution of HBML to vertical mixing due to the dissipation of the internal tide, and construct the map of HBML in the entire South China Sea using the statistical relationship between HBML calculated from the CTD data and internal tide dissipation estimated by de Lavergne et al. (2019).


The leadership of CARICOM countries in yet another effort to encourage investment in the Region, have agreed to establish a regional Stock Exchange which would bring together the Stock Exchanges in the Region, namely the Barbados Securities Exchange, the Jamaica Stock Exchange and the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange. In 1991 these three Stock Exchanges entered into an arrangement for cross border listing and trading of securities (stocks/shares and or bonds). This has allowed the stocks/shares and or bonds on the stock exchanges in each of these countries to be listed and traded in each other's markets. As other countries establish stock exchanges they too will be eligible to become members of the regional stock exchange.


ABSTRACT Since most musicians are reluctant to wear hearing protection devices, physical measures are used in an attempt to control exposure levels in the orchestra. Examples of such measures are increased space between musicians, positioning brass instruments on risers, putting screens between musicians and adding sound absorption. The effectivity of such measures has been shown by the authors in JASA 142, 3154 (2017) and the published paper will be discussed in this presentation. It is difficult to exactly reproduce the music played by an orchestra under different conditions to determine the effect of measures. A solution to this problem was to simulate the effectivity of control measures using a prediction model. The model calculates the equivalent sound levels for a performance of the first 2 minutes of the 4th movement of Mahler's 1st symphony, representative for loud orchestral music. The model outcome shows good agreement with measurements of the same excerpt. Results show that physical measures are not effective enough to significantly reduce sound levels. It seems that musicians, playing current modern powerful instruments, have no other choice than to protect their ears with ear plugs under all circumstances if they wish to avoid the risk of developing hearing damage.


Removal of tartrazine by an agricultural waste, coconut husks (CH), was investigated and compared with activated carbon (AC). The effect of pH, temperature, amount of adsorbent, contact time, initial dye concentration, and particle size on the extent of adsorption by the two adsorbents was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained for pH 2.5, adsorbent dose of 3.3 g·L−1, particle size > 0.15 mm, contact time of 210 min, temperature of 30 °C, and dye concentration of 6·10−5 M for the CH−tartrazine system and pH 2.5, adsorbent dose of 0.3 g·L−1, particle size > 0.15 mm, contact time of 40 min, temperature of 50 °C, and dye concentration of 6·10−5 M for the AC−tartrazine system. The negative values of ΔG° indicated that the dye adsorption process is spontaneous in nature. The positive value of ΔH° shows the endothermic nature of the AC−tartrazine system, whereas the negative value of ΔH° indicates the exothermic nature of the CH−tartrazine system. The adsorption was found to undergo pseudo f...


The study examines the structuring of innovation industries in the system of creative industries, introducing into the problem by clarifying the specifics of the knowledge economy and the typical for it new economic resources such as knowledge and creativity. It emphasizes the importance of intellectual property for the formation of the fourth economic sector, the so-called creative sector, and for its relation with the traditional three-sector model. The study identifies the creative industries through intellectual property as a classification criterion, and defines the innovation ones as leading in shaping economic indicators such as employment, added value and GDP. The study outlines the essence and the structural units of innovative industries, the specifics of their activities as business participants along the value chain. It analyzes the characteristics and the process of creating, producing and marketing the innovation product by defining the stages and specific activities of each one of them. In addition, the study brings out classification criteria for the types of innovation products. The innovation industries' market has been identified and its main features and specifics are brought out.


We demonstrate a photomask-free fabrication for single-mode polymer optical waveguides using the Mosquito method. In fabricating the waveguides, an inorganic-organic hybrid resin is applied to decrease the carbon-hydrogen absorption loss at 1550-nm wavelength.


Introduction: A dermal form of fibroproliferative disease called hypertrophic scar (HTS) appears following serious burns, skin wounds, and surgical incisions. HTS is characterized as an apparent, raised scar that does not penetrate adjacent tissues. Small, non-coding RNA molecules fall under the category of microRNAs (miRNAs). They play a significant part in the control of protein expression, and both healthy and unhealthy cellular processes have been shown to involve them. The regulation of hypertrophic scarring is regulated by a number of miRNAs. Through its function in fibrogenesis, miRNA21 was discovered to be implicated in the control of HTs. Aim of the study: In this meta-analysis, we discuss the importance of miRNA 21 in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of hypertrophic scars as well as its significant contribution to the fibrosis process, with a focus on skin fibrosis, particularly the creation of HTS. Subject and methods: Following the PRISMA flow diagram, this meta-analysis seeks to explore miRNA21's role in the development of hypertrophic scars by comparing the tissue levels of patients with hypertrophic scars to those of healthy people. Result: The results of our meta-analysis suggest that miR-21 in tissue is considerably higher in the patient group compared with control (P < 0.0001), and one study was eligible for inclusion after our search and screening. Conclusion: In conclusion, the role of miR-21 in hypertrophic scarring and earlier research from years ago suggest that it may be a new marker and the foundation for a new treatment approach for HTS.


Mentorship is a key element of professional life, underpinning student development and supporting qualified staff as they advance their own clinical and professional practice. Mentorship has its origins in industry in the US and was adopted, largely unchallenged, into nursing practice in the UK in the 1980s. Although there is a wealth of evidence surrounding mentorship in nursing, very little published literature exists for mentorship in paramedic practice. The first of four articles, this paper will outline some of the definitions of mentoring and concepts related to mentorship, such as the attributes and qualities of an effective mentor.


Due to expensive costs in wastewater treatment, humic acid (HA) functionalized onto Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (FeMNPs-HA) was synthesized in this study to remove Cr-6 and Pb+2from wastewater. FeMNPs-HA was synthesized by the co-precipitation method for cheap and eco-friendly materials. FTIR and TGA were used for the characterization of FeMNPs-HA. FTIR showed similar bands for both HA and MNPs-HA and this indicated that HA was successively functionalized at FeMNPs. Moreover, TGA analysis showed high stability of material synthesized, since loss of weight began over 600 °C. Batch adsorption experiment was conducted to state the optimum conditions for removal of positive and negative ions (Pb+2 and Cr-6) from the aqueous solution using FeMNPs-HA. Adsorption of the studied metals onto FeMNPs-HA reached equilibrium in less than5 minutes, whereas the adsorption process wasn't affected by pollutants concentrations. Langmuir adsorption model was suitable to explain the sorption process of Pb+2 and Cr-6 onto MNPs-HA with maximum adsorption capacities reached 99.99 mg g-1. The FeMNPs-HA proved to has the capability for elimination more than 99% of Cr-6 and Pb+2 from the wastewater at optimized pH. Synthesized material was applied for toxic metals elimination from industrial wastewater (IWW), FeMNPs -HA showed high removal efficiency for Cd, Cr and Ni. Based on the adsorption data; FeMNPs -HA could be considered as an efficient material for wastewater purification from heavy metals regardless their charge.


The proton magnetic relaxation time, T1, has been measured at 29 MHz in 0.1M KH2PO4 and 0.1M NaCI (both pH 6) aqueous solutions of human ferrihaemoglobin, the protein concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5 mM per haem. The linear dependence on protein concentration of the enhancement in relaxation rates, Δ(1/T1), due to the presence of the paramagnetic iron in haemoglobin was confirmed at 34°C and at ∼10°C. In the middle temperature range there is a thermally activated process, whose energy of activation depends on protein concentration. This dependence is different for the two salt solutions; Ea increases with cHb for 0.1M KH2PO4 and decreases for 0.1M NaCI.


Background: Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is induced by oxidative stress and plays important roles in anti-apoptosis and the rapid growth of several solid tumors. p53 has a central role in skin pigmentation and may impact onmelanoma at all stages. However, there has been little study of HO-1 in relation with p53 on melanin production Objectives: To know the effect of HO-1 on melanogenesis through p53 in normal human melanocytes Methods: Human melanocytes (hM) were primarily cultured from foreskin. After incubation, cells were rinsed twice with PBS then transfection with p53 siRNA Results: Melanin content was detected with ELISA and Western blot analysis and RT-PCR of tyrosinase, MITF were performed after ZnPP treatment and p53 transfection. After ZnPP treatment, melanin content was decreased, and tyrosinase and MITF protein levels were decreased. Tyrosinase and MITF mRNA levels were also decreased. However, melanin content and tyrosinase and MITF protein levels were increased after CoPP treatment. After p53 transfection, HO-1 expression was decreased when HO-1 stimulator was treated. In addition, melanin content was decreased, and tyrosinase expression was decreased in Western blot analysis Conclusion: These results suggest that melanogenesis is inhibited by ZnPP by decreased melanin production, tyrosinase and MITF protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, those inhibitory effects of ZnPP may be dependent on p53 in normal human melanocytes. Therefore, HO-1 may play an important role in melanogensis


Abstract: Background: Alcohol is an important risk factor for road transport injuries. Road traffic crashes attributable to alcohol, are primarily associated with this high risk hazardous drinking behavior. In this study, ways to deal with alcohol-related injuries in driving have been investigated. Methods: In this overview, 60 articles with keyword prevention, alcohol consumption, injuries, and driving were investigated in the data bases of the PubMed, Elsevier and Google Scholar. Results: Linda J Cobiac study showed Raising alcohol excise tax in this high-income country would be highly cost-effective and could lead to substantial cost-savings for society. James Damsere-Derry study showed because alcohol consumption is increasing currently with motorization, it is necessary to educate alcohol users about the number of drinks required to stay below the legal limit if they are motorists as well as other road users or to prevent long-term illnesses associated with excessive alcohol use. Cheryl J. Cherpitel study showed countries with high detrimental drinking pattern (DDP) are at higher risk of injury from most causes at a given level of consumption, while countries with low restrictiveness of alcohol policy are at higher risk of injury at lower levels of consumption and at higher risk of traffic injuries at high levels of consumption. Conclusions: To reduce alcohol-related injuries in driving, it is important to increase alcohol taxes, driver training, and alcohol-restricting policies. Keywords: Alcohol, Injuries, Traffic


I recorded 86 bird species at Bosque Protector Cashca Totoras, a high andean forest and par- amo site in the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador. The list includes one vulnerable species, the Golden- plumed Parakeet (Leptosittaca branickii), and three species endemic to the Ecuadorian High Andes: the Carunculated Caracara (Phalcoboenus carunculatus), the Ecuadorian Hillstar (Oreotrochilus chimborazo), and the White-winged Bush-finch (Atlapetes leucopterus). Additionally, my records extend the known distributions of two species endemic to the southwestern highlands of Ecuador, the Rainbow Starfrontlet (Coeligena iris) and the Purple-throated Sunangel (Heliangelus viola). This study, combined with previous work, documents 94 species from this area. Overall, the species list of Cashca Totoras shows that it is a typical high andean locality with respect to bird-species composition. Accepted 29 April 2004.


Poverty, unemployment and a lack of education are some of the driving forces behind increasing numbers of Indonesian women who seek to migrate abroad. The migration of women migrant workers influences the condition of their family because they must leave their traditional gender role and position in their household. This condition causes many social problems. This research is aimed to describe deeply 2 points, i.e. 1) the changing of position and role of women migrant workers in their household and outside household; 2) the impact of that changing to the life quality of women migrant workers and their families. This research is carried out in Waru Doyong village, which sends many women migrant workers since several years ago, by employing case study method with gender perspective. The early results show that poverty forced many women in Waru Doyong, who have limited education and skills, to migrate to work at Middle East and other Asian countries. They leave their traditional gender role in their household and shift their domestic jobs to other female family members such as mother or mother in law. However this changing of gender role is not leaded to gender equality but on exploitation, so that it cannot improve the quality of life of them and their families. Furthermore they still are trapped in the circle of poverty.


With the gradual impact of globalization, the number of foreign workers in South Korea is increasing rapidly. But the workers are suffering from a lot of difficulties such as bad working conditions, lower income, unpaid wages, cultural adaptation, etc. This paper aims to investigate how the social capital factors (social network and social support) influence cultural adaptation and job satisfaction. In addition, the paper aims to provide practical guidelines for social welfare organizations and enterprises which support and recruit them. The sample of our respondents was 191 Korean-Chinese workers in Korea. We used SPSS 21.0 for statistical analysis. The results are as follows: Korean network, family support, Korean support and native support have a significant effect on cultural adaptation. Moreover, Cultural adaptation significantly affects job satisfaction. Furthermore, cultural adaptation was found to mediate the relationship between Korean network and job satisfaction as well as between Korean/family/native support and job satisfaction.


Second part - This is the second part of a study whose aim is to evaluate the apparent divergences between the agricultural and the demographic censuses in what refers to the evolution of employment in agriculture: In this part, the trends observed in the 70s are specifically examined, trying to reconcile or, at least, to better understand the occasional discrepancies. For this purpose, the informations at the level of occupational category, classes of economic activity, region and place of residence of agricultural laborers, are disaggregated. The conclusion is that the main divergences between the two censuses reflect a differentiated seizure of the great transformations recently occurred in the structure of agricultural production. It is not the question of one of these sources being wrong but of the distinctive characteristics of each source being accentuated by modernization. This is particularly noteworthy in the seizure and measurement of seasonal employment, and of the participation of women and children in farming activities.


A series of 8 cases of ovarian pregnancy was diagnosed and treated by laparoscopy. The incidence of ovarian pregnancy was 1/1439 deliveries and 2.2/100 ectopic gestations. The median gestational age was 50 days (41-65). The median serum hCG level was 3450 mlU/mL (range 167-> 20000 mIU/mL). Preservation of the ovary was achieved in 8/8 cases: a cystic ovarian pregnancy was stripped in 4/8 cases; in 4/8 cases superficial trophoblastic tissue was removed from the ovarian cortex and the implantation site was treated with bipolar coagulation. Histological proof of trophoblastic tissue was given in 8/8 cases. The postoperative course was uneventful and serum hCG declined below the level of detectability (5 mlU/mL) within 8-46 (median 22) days. Early diagnosis and organ preserving treatment can be achieved by laparoscopy.


Prediction of fresh biomass is the key for evaluation of the response of crop genotypes to diverse input and stress conditions, and forms basis for calculating net primary production. Hence, accurate and high throughput estimation of fresh biomass is critical for plant phenotyping. As conventional phenotyping approaches for measuring fresh biomass is time consuming, laborious and destructive, image based phenotyping methods are being widely used now in plant phenotyping. However, current approaches for estimating fresh biomass of plants are based on projected shoot area estimated from the visual (VIS) image. These approaches do not consider the water content of the plant tissues which are about 70-80% in leafy vegetation. Since water absorbs radiation in the Near Infra-Red (NIR) (900–1700 nm) region, it has been hypothesized that combined use of VIS and NIR imaging can predict the fresh biomass more accurately that the VIS image alone. In this study, VIS and NIR imaging were captured for rice leaves with different moisture content as a test case. For background subtraction from NIR image, PlantCV v2 NIR imaging algorithm was implemented in MATLAB software (version 2015b). The proposed image derived parameter, viz. Green Leaf Proportion (GLP) from VIS image and mean gray value/intensity (NIR_MGI) from NIR image were used as input to develop Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to estimate the Leaf Fresh Weight (LFW). This proposed approach significantly enhanced the fresh biomass prediction as compared to the conventional regression technique based on projected shoot area derived from VIS image.


The authors study the numbers of lattice animals with specified topologies. They prove that the growth constant for animals with c cycles and nk vertices of degree k (k=3, . . ., 2d), weakly embeddable in a d-dimensional hypercubic lattice, equal to mu , the growth constant for self-avoiding walks. For some particular topologies they derive upper and lower bounds for the corresponding critical exponents and estimate the values of these exponents by deriving and analysing new exact enumeration data. They conjecture that their previous result for trees with b branches (that the exponent is gamma +b-1, where gamma is the self-avoiding walk exponent) is also valid in the more general case in which the cyclomatic index (c) is non-zero; i.e. for b>or=1, the exponent does not depend on c. They show that their results are consistent with renormalisation group arguments that the universality class of branched polymers is independent of cycle and (non-zero) branching fugacities.


it is accepted and may even, if it allows us to predict enough, be dignified as a " law." In my utter ignorance it seems to me that the theories of Freud are no more fantastic than the theories of Hughlings Jackson and much less outrageous than those of the mathematicians with their talk of expanding universes and continuous creation. It seems to me that it is as scientific for Freud to ask a patient to lie on a couch and talk without interruption so that he can examine his mind as it is for Hughlings Jackson to ask him to lie on a couch to prod his body. Moreover, psychiatry has sufficient facts to predict fairly well-as well, for example, as neurology. If a schizophrenic comes to me I can tell his relatives what are his chances of recovery just as well as Dr. Walshe can tell a man suffering from disseminated sclerosis that he cannot do much to cure him. I beg, Sir, that we come off our high horses and realize that we are all ignoramuses trying to help our sick fellows, and whether we call ourselves this or that matters not one jot so long as we do our best for them.-I am, etc.,


As government is looking to the voluntary sector to fill in gaps left by social welfare cutbacks, there is limited research on how dependent church-related agencies are on government funds. Selected findings are reported from a study of three groups of Protestant social service agencies. Government fees and grants comprise approximately half of combined agency budgets for each denomination and have increased in both dollar and percentage amounts since 1950. United Way and church contributions have increased in dollar amounts, but their percentage of combined agency budgets has either remained the same or decreased.


After 3 days' course, the 4 th International Uniportal VATS Course-Live Surgery and Wetlab had come to an end in Berlin on 4 th March 2017. We were glad that Professor Stefano Margaritora, the head of Department of General Thoracic Surgery in Catholic University of Rome, Italy, had accepted the interview by our journal Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) .


This study investigates how principals in a large US urban school district responded to two different superintendents who employed contrasting leadership styles and utilised divergent organisational schemes. We originally conducted interviews with principals in 2007, when the district's superintendent asserted fierce performance demands and limited principals' site-based discretion in favour of protecting and exerting central office power. We conducted interviews again in 2013 after a new superintendent had relaxed school test score expectations and distributed the central office's previously tight, centralised control into largely self-directing sub-regions. Our findings demonstrate that superintendent change noticeably affected how principals understood and encountered accountability, autonomy and stress. To help make sense of our findings, we employ a three-part conceptual framework drawn from the study of educational leadership. We conclude by considering implications, including the notion that unrelenting stress has become a permanent part of the modern urban US principalship.


The use of the drug Activiton for the prevention of postpartum complications and ketosis at a dose of 25 ml per head for 5 days 1 time per day on fresh cows 3–4 years of age contributed to a decrease  in the number of ketone bodies in the body of animals, which influenced the decrease  in the number of ketosis cases in the experimental group . A highly effective vitamin-amino acid complex, as well as the presence of organic phosphorus-butophosphamide, contributed to a better and faster recovery of the animal's body after calving, which influenced the reduction of postpartum complications in the group of experimental animals.


The logistics of cruise ship construction are complex, with an extended period, many participants, and a stringent node control. The resulting occupational health and safety risks have more risks and uncertainties. If it is not identified and controlled, it will lead to low efficiency of logistics management in the construction stage, leading to chain breaking and going out of control. In response to this situation, this article proposes an improved intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS decision model to evaluate occupational health and safety risks in cruise ship construction. First, based on field research and interviews, risk sources and risk evaluation criteria are determined, and experts are given different weights based on the relative importance of decision-making experts. Then, to reduce the ambiguity and uncertainty of the risk source information, the intuitionistic fuzzy weighted arithmetic average operator is used to aggregate the judicial opinions of experts to obtain the intuitionistic fuzzy aggregate decision risk matrix. To improve the accuracy of risk assessment results, subjective weight and objective weight are comprehensively considered. The stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method is used to determine the subjective weight of the evaluation criteria, and the normal distribution method is used to determine the objective weight of the evaluation criteria. According to the relative closeness coefficient of each risk source to the positive-ideal solution, the ranking of the risk sources is obtained. Finally, taking a cruise ship construction as an example, the risk sources of occupational health and safety are sorted, sensitivity analysis is carried out and compared with other methods, and the targeted risk control measures are put forward, which verifies the effectiveness and correctness of the improved intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS decision model.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: ocular prosthesis consists of an opaque base simulating a sclera of a visible eye, and a transparent coating simulating a cornea and provided with a base coupling surface. According to the method for making the ocular prosthesis, the base is moulded under pressure of light-coloured matte polymethylmethacrylate. The coating is moulded by the same procedure of transparent polymethylmethacrylate. Flat segments for an iris image are formed on a front portion of the base and a mating portion of the coating. A digital photocamera is used to image the iris with a pupil, the sclera and the blood vessels of an intact eye. The above image is applied directly on the base by tampon printing or digital printing, e.g. UV-curable ink piezo-jet printing. The coating is fastened on the base by means of transparent glue. EFFECT: invention enables to simplify the process of the realistic ocular prosthesis. 2 cl, 1 dwg


We present the results of linear analysis and two-dimensional local magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the Parker instability, including the effects of cosmic rays (CRs), in magnetized gas disks (galactic disks). As an unperturbed state for both the linear analysis and the MHD simulations, we adopted an equilibrium model of a magnetized, two-temperature, layered disk with constant gravitational acceleration parallel to the normal of the disk. The disk comprises a thermal gas, CRs, and a magnetic field perpendicular to the gravitational acceleration. CR diffusion along the magnetic field is considered; cross-field-line diffusion is supposed to be small and is ignored. We investigate two cases in our simulations. In the mechanical perturbation case, we add a velocity perturbation parallel to the magnetic field lines, while in the explosive perturbation case, we add CR energy into the sphere in which the CRs are injected. Linear analysis shows that the growth rate of the Parker instability becomes smaller if the coupling between the CRs and the gas is stronger (i.e., if the CR diffusion coefficient is smaller). Our MHD simulations of the mechanical perturbation confirm this result. We show that the falling matter is impeded by the CR pressure gradient; this causes a decrease in the growth rate. In the explosive perturbation case, the growth of the magnetic loop is faster when the coupling is stronger in the early stage. However, in the later stage the behavior of the growth rate becomes similar to the mechanical perturbation case.


We prove that every graph of minimum degree at least $r$ and girth at least 27 contains a subdivision of $K_{r+1}$. This implies that the conjecture of Hajos, that every graph of chromatic number at least $r$ contains a subdivision of $K_r$, is true for graphs of girth at least 27. This conjecture is known to be false in general.


Intriguing luminescent properties of boranil complexes have gained a prominence. Here, we report the synthesis and optical properties of star‐shaped boranil complexes. The strategy involves one‐step synthesis by a simple mixing triformylphloroglucinol with various aromatic amines in the presence of diisopropylethyl amine (DIPEA), and the complexing reagent of BF3⋅Et2O in chloroform at 80 °C for 24 hours. The complexes are obtained in good yields (60–85 %). These boranil complexes have strong fluorescence in both solution (λmax=466–605 nm) and solid (λmax=612–659 nm) states, with the fluorescence quantum yields varying from 1.5–57 % in chloroform. The emission color of the complexes has been tuned from blue to red by varying the aryl‐substituents in the complexes. Further understanding of the optical and electronic properties is obtained theoretically using DFT computations.


Abstract.  1. Sexual differences in body size are expected to evolve when selection on female and male sizes favours different optima.


In order to study the distribution law of in situ stress field of Tingnan coal mine, 4 points of in situ stress measurement were carried out in underground roadways at the -450 m level with the overcoring method. The KX-81 type cell was used to measure the 4 points of in-situ stress. According to the analysis and calculation of the measurement result, the dominant factor of the in situ stress field in Tingnan coal mine at the depth of -450m is horizontal tectonic stress.


In the world of full of technology and digitization security is the main concern right now. With the help of internet, we can do most of our work like shopping, office work, e-banking, other transactions, etc. With mobile banking everyone knows how to do transactions, online shopping, but most of the people don't know what the security while doing any kind of online work, people have lack of knowledge in cyber security and hacker, cyber criminals take advantage of that. According to report in 2020, the transaction volume share in India stood at 15.6 per cent and 22.9 per cent for instant payments and other electronic payments respectively, while paper-based payments had a considerable share of 61.4 per cent. And by the 2024 the electronic transaction will increase by 50% and this will touch 71.7% by 2025. India is a developing country and is moving forward in digitization. While this is happening securing the online data or transaction will become more and more challenging. E- banking makes work easier and fast but it is not safe, it will never be 100% secure. And cybercrime is increasing faster than we imagine. This study paper mainly focuses on banking frauds in India, online transaction, scenarios faced by cyber victims, e-banking challenges. It also focuses on the cyber security and how can we avoid most of the e-banking fraud.


The potato virus X genomic RNA was obtained from PVX-infected potato in vitro by two methods of TRIZOL kit and Guanidine Isothiocyanate Method(GIM).A pair of specific primers were designed and synthesized.The results showed that all the two methods could extracted potato RNA effectively.By the reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),a 720bp DNA fragment was amplifyied successfully from PVX-RNA and no fragment was obtained from the control.But the prices of using TRIZOL kit to extrated RNA is more expensive,while the Guanidine Isothiocyanate Method can be prepared reagent by self flexibility,and its price cheaper than the TRIZOL kit.So,an economic and convenient RT-PCR detection system of PVX was set up,and provided an effective means of detection for the prevention and treatment PVX,the production of potato virus-free seeds and core plants.


Pre-school is a golden period in the development process. It consist of cognitive, physical, motoric, and psychosocial aspects of a child developing optimally. One of the developmental parameters is fine motor, its related to physical skills that involve the muscles of the fingertips and eye-hand coordination. The aim was to analyse the effect of brain gymn to improve fine motoric design. The design was a one-group pre-experimental with pre-posttest. The population was all students pre school in Sentul Jombang, East Java. Total sample were 33 respondents which matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data collected by questionnaire sheets were adopted from instrument for assessing child development, namely KPSP. Intervention was given by brain exercise were carried out 3 times a week for 2 months then analyzed using Wilcoxon with a significance value of α = 0.05. The results showed that brain exercise in pre-school children was able to improve fine motor  skills (p = 0.000). Brain gym is one of the effective ways to improve fine motor skills in children because being able to facilitate blood flow and oxygen to the brain also helps overall brain development. Therefore, brain gym is highly recommended for pre-school children.


The works listed in the bibliography include some specifically concerned with the development of the theoretical model itself or with other models employing similar concepts; others are concerned with describing particular types or corpuses of data; and still others are concerned with interdisciplinary applications of the theory, e. g. , in computational linguistics, psycholinguistics, etc. 2 In an effort to identify the general nature of a work, summary statements about its content are included. In addition, annotative comments are given which are intended to highlight theoretical concepts or unusual features treated. When items are considered to be of limited availability, more detailed information is included.


The relative permeability expresses the mobility reduction factor when a fluid flows through a porous medium in presence of another fluid and appears in Darcy's law for multiphase flow. In this work, we replace Darcy's law with more general momentum equations accounting for fluid-rock interaction (flow resistance), fluid-fluid interaction (drag) and Brinkmann terms responding to gradients in fluid interstitial velocities. By coupling the momentum equations with phase transport equations, we study two important flow processes: forced imbibition (core flooding) and counter-current spontaneous imbibition. In the former a constant water injection rate is applied, and capillary forces neglected, while in the latter, capillary forces drive the process, and the total flux is zero. Our aim is to understand what relative permeabilities result from these systems and flow configurations.
 From previous work, when using momentum equations without Brinkmann terms, unique saturation dependent relative permeabilities are obtained for the two flow modes that depend on the flow mode. Now, with Brinkmann terms included the relative permeabilities depend on local spatial derivatives of interstitial velocity and pressure. Local relative permeabilities are calculated for both phases utilizing the ratio of phase Darcy velocity and phase pressure gradient. In addition, we utilize the JBN method for forced imbibition to calculate relative permeabilities from pressure drop and average saturation. Both flow setups are parameterized with literature data and sensitivity analysis is performed.
 During core flooding, Brinkmann terms give a flatter saturation profile and higher front saturation. The saturation profile shape changes with time. Local water relative permeabilities are reduced, while they are slightly raised for oil. The saturation range where relative permeabilities can be evaluated locally is raised and made narrower with increased Brinkmann terms. JBN relative permeabilities deviate from the local values: the trends in curves and saturation range are the same but more pronounced as they incorporate average measurements including the strong impact at the inlet. Brinkmann effects vanish after sufficient distance traveled resulting in the unique saturation functions as a limit. Unsteady state relative permeabilities (based on transient data from single phase injection) differ from steady state relative permeabilities (based on steady state data from co-injection of two fluids) because the Brinkmann terms are zero at steady state. During spontaneous imbibition, higher effect from the Brinkmann terms caused oil relative permeabilities to decrease at low water saturations and slightly increase at high saturations, while water relative permeability was only slightly reduced. The net effect was a delay of the imbibition profile. Local relative permeabilities approached the unique saturation functions without Brinkmann terms deeper in the system because phase velocities (involved in the Brinkmann terms) decrease with distance. In both systems, scaling and simulations demonstrate that the relative change in relative permeabilities due to Brinkmann terms increases with Brinkmann coefficient, permeability and inverse squared distance from the inlet.


Current total variation method excels at denoising and keeping the characteristics of image edges. However, its ability to retain texture details of smoothing region of image is poor. By combining fractional-order differential theory with total variation method, a new image denoising method is proposed. The new method, while effectively inheriting these advantages, uses the fractional-order differential amplitude-frequency and effectively. Simulation results which we have got show that the new method, on the one hand, can better suppress noise, keep the characteristics of image edges, and retain more texture details than integer-order partial differential methods. On the other hand, the method, above mentioned, is more effective and practical on image denoising than results of PSNR.


An autonomous negotiation model based on fuzzy particle swarm optimization(FPSO) is proposed in the application of E-commerce. The model is used to pursue negotiations joint utility maximization. The win-win negotiation is achieved and the counter proposal is generated based on the optimal solution or approximate optimal solution, which is provided by the quickly and efficiently search of particle swarm optimization between rival proposal and its' issues ideal. The experimental analysis shows that the model can effectively improves the efficiency of negotiation.


Application of a polymer on a substrate, e. g. a metal sheet, generates a boundary layer in the polymer. In this boundary layer the properties of the polymer differ from the bulk properties. In the present contribution a mechanical theory based on a structural parameter is presented that allows for the existence of such interphases and, therefore, leads to effective material properties depending on the thickness of the layer. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This paper emphasizes the need for detailed analysis of wastewaters and their impact on the environment in physical plans for urban/tourist coastal areas, as a significant contribution to environmentally sound development, especially the development of tourism in these areas. The paper describes an analysis of this kind, prepared as part of the Regional Physical Plan for the Rijeka Region to the Year 2000. (The Rijeka Region is a major part of the Yugoslav Upper Adriatic.) The existing situation regarding sewerage systems, sewage treatment methods and disposal methods of the communes of the Region is presented. The quantities of wastewaters generated by the residential and tourist populations and by industry are given (by sub-regions) as calculated in 1981 and as estimated for the year 2000. A survey was made of the impact of wastewater on receiving rivers and coastal waters, and the quality of the receiving waters is given, in grades as compared with those prescribed by the Yugoslav legal regulations. Based on urban development concepts, and on the estimated wastewater quantities, alternative forecasts are made of the future impact of wastewater on coastal waters. General guidelines are presented for the provision of adequate sewage disposal facilities in order to achieve the optimum situation.