Summary. The efficiency of using the dynamic blocking intramedullary osteosynthesis (BIOS) technique for tibial fractures with the use of biodegradable implants based on the MS-10 magnesium alloy was determined.
Objective: to approve the technique and to study the effectiveness of dynamic intramedullary osteosynthesis of diaphyseal fractures of the tibia using locking screws made of the biodegradable magnesium alloy MS-10.
Materials and Methods. The study was carried out in the Department of Traumatology of the Municipal Non-Profit Enterprise "City Hospital of Emergency and Ambulance" of Zaporizhzhia City Council in Zaporizhzhia on 15 patients with diaphyseal fractures of the tibia, who underwent BIOS. Cannulated intramedullary titanium rods were used as a fixator. In the proximal section, a screw made of titanium alloy was introduced into a dynamic hole; a screw made of a biodegradable magnesium alloy MC-10 was inserted into a static hole. In the postoperative period, the patients underwent a course of complex rehabilitation measures. X-ray control was performed on day 1, at week 4, week 8, and week 16 after the surgery.
Results. After the start of the dosed load on the injured limb, a fracture of the locking screw made of MC-10 alloy was radiographically recorded in all patients. The dynamic screw moves in the dynamic hole and the fracture is dynamized. The formation of callus in the fracture zone was unremarkable and took an average physiological time. The quality and structure of callus did not show any pathological features. Four months after the surgery, all patients were socially adapted and did not use additional support when moving.
Conclusions. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the possibility and advisability of using biodegradable implants made of magnesium alloy MS-10 in a dynamic BIOS of long bones of the human skeleton.


In the field of archaeological research in our country, studying Art Rock
or how we call here Manifestaciones Graficas Rupestres "MGR" (read this
as cave paintings and petroglyphs) have made significant progress in recent
years. In the case of the state of Jalisco, Mexico, few researchers are dealing
with these relics and of their preservation and dissemination. Perhaps by the
limits involving in this studies and the little interest of local authorities and
their inhabitants. In this paper we present the progress that has been made
for the archaeological heritage to be preserved and became part of the cultural
and economic life of the inhabitants of Mezcala.


Design of stream crossings and other in-stream highway facilities requires estimation of design highwater elevation and mean channel velocity. In cases where constriction of the channel is considered, such as most culverts or bridges with fills encroaching on the main channel, the resultant discharge is also required. These hydrotechnical design parameters should be consistent with the physical nature of the basin and channel, and within the context of historic flood observations in the basin and the hydrologic region.


Robust and efficient vehicle detection from images is an important task in Intelligent Transportation Systems. With the development of computer vision techniques and consequent accessibility of video image data, new applications have been enabled to on-road vehicle detection algorithms. This paper provides a review of the literature in vehicle detection under varying environments. Due to the variability of on-road driving environments, vehicle detection may face different problems and challenges. Therefore, many approaches have been proposed to detect vehicles, such as feature-based method and model-based methods. In addition, special illumination, weather and driving scenarios are discussed in terms of methodology and quantitative evaluation. In the future, works should be focused on robust vehicle detection approaches for various on-road conditions.


The development of new traffic monitoring systems and the increasing interest of road operators and researchers in obtaining reliable travel time measurements, motivated by society's demands, have led to the development of multiple travel time data sources and estimation algorithms. This situation provides a perfect context for the implementation of data fusion methodologies to obtain the maximum accuracy from the combination of the available data. This article presents a new and simple approach for the short-term prediction of highway travel times, which represent an accurate estimation of the expected travel time for a driver commencing on a particular route. The algorithm is based on the fusion of different types of data that come from different sources (inductive loop detectors and toll tickets) and from different calculation algorithms. Although the data fusion algorithm presented herein is applied to these particular sources of data, it could easily be generalised to other equivalent types of data. The objective of the proposed data fusion process is to obtain a fused value more reliable and accurate than any of the individual estimations. The methodology overcomes some of the limitations of travel time estimation algorithms based on unique data sources, as the limited spatial coverage of the algorithms based on spot measurement or the information delay of direct travel time itinerary measurements when disseminating the information to the drivers in real time. The results obtained in the application of the methodology on the AP-7 highway, near Barcelona in Spain, are found to be reasonable and accurate. In short, the travel time data fusion algorithm presented in this article tries to be as simple as possible and yet still improve the existing naïve approaches.


Abstract This study investigates whether Confucian culture can influence corporate tax avoidance. We measure Confucianism using geographical-proximity based method and opt ordinary least square regression considering a sample of Chinese firms during 2004–2016. We find strong evidence that Confucian culture and tax avoidance are negatively associated and this association is less prominent for state-owned firms. Additional analysis shows that tax enforcement efforts mitigate the effect of Confucianism on tax avoidance. The results are consistent and robust to alternative measures of tax avoidance and Confucianism. Overall, the findings enrich our understanding that Confucian culture reduces tax avoidance by promoting corporate ethical behavior.


A two-colour infra-red photodetector using multistacks of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells is demonstrated. The response peaks are at 3.9 and 8.1 mu m. The peak responsivities of the detector are 0.4 A/W and 35 A/W for 8.1 mu m and 3.9 mu m bands, respectively. The detectivities of the 3.9 and 8.1 mu m bands are 7.5*10/sup 9/ and 1.5*10/sup 10/ cmHz/sup 1/2//W. These values are the best reported results for two-colour detectors with peak sensitivities in the spectral regions of 3-5 and 8-12 mu m.


In today's competitive environment, having a customer oriented approach is inevitable for organizations. At this point, in order to achieve customer satisfaction, customer relationship management (CRM) targets to provide products and services which meet customer expectation. Data which is collected about customers is an important source to determine their needs. Therefore, analysis is made to determine characteristic features of customers by using the data in data bases of the companies. Thanks to this data, it is possible to determine the product choice of customers and to put forth the opportunities that can be provided to customers. Data Mining (DM) is a process of revealing a meaningful information and image by the analysis of data. In this study, the data of a company which is operating in health sector in Turkey was analysed using some data mining algorithms like Naive Bayes which is an algorithm of classification rule, J48 which is one of the algorithms to generate decision tree and k-nearest neighbour IBk algorithm. Thus, customers were classified by product groups and risk factors. As a result of the study, it is aimed to develop a marketing strategy and a more effective sales campaign for the company by using the classification results. As well, to the best of our knowledge, our paper is the first study which realized in health sector.


With the socialization of Awarding system for scientific achievement,there has been a rapid development concerned with a tendency of going more scientific,regulatory and specialized.The tendency can be an active guidance to the awarding system in China.The system in Ningbo is an important part of the local system in China and has a striking local feature,for the perfection of which,more detailed clauses should be formulated.The detailed clauses are consistent with international trend,showing local features in Ningbo and feasibility in evaluating scientific achievement with humanistic approach.


We show below that, under certain conditions, the Kowalevska exponents (also called «resonances») attached to a singularity of a hamiltonian system are paired in a certain way; this helps to clarify the applicability of the Painleve property to hamiltonian systems On montre ci-dessous que, sous certaines conditions, les exposants de Kowalevska (ou «resonances») associes a une singularite d'un systeme hamiltonien, apparaissent groupes par paires; ceci permet de clarifier l'application du critere de Painleve aux systemes hamiltoniens


Radon gives the largest component of radiation dose to the public both in the UK and in most other countries [1]. The risks of such exposures have been reviewed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection [2] and by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation [3]. The latter includes a concise summary of some of the issues which will be discussed in this note. There is also a useful discussion in the fourth report of the BEIR Committee [4] despite the fact that this is shortly to be superseded by the sixth report. There is broad international consensus on the magnitude of the risk of exposure to radon and the National Radiological Protection Board has advised [5] that the lifetime risk of fatal lung cancer in a general UK population exposed to indoor radon is about 3 .5× 10−4 per WLM. This is equivalent to about a 3% chance of death from a lifetime's exposure at the UK Action Level of 200 Bq m−3. The risk would be rather lower (around 1%) in a population consisting entirely of non-smokers and higher (10%) in smokers. It is estimated that radon is responsible for about 2500 of the 40 000 lung cancer deaths which occur in the UK each year. The epidemiological evidence on which these risk estimates are based is in many ways stronger than that available for low LET radiation. Moreover problems of linearity in the dose response relationship are less with α particle radiation. Nevertheless a number of fallacious suggestions about the risks of radon exposure are sometimes made. Five are collected here, together with brief responses to them. Suggestions for further reading are given.


Self-healing is one of the essential properties of smart grid. Improving the self-healing capability of the smart grid is referred to as healer reinforcement. In this paper, a new healer reinforcement approach is introduced, contributing PHEVs, through optimal parking lot (PL) placement and sizing, under contingencies, by considering the available control and protective devices. Moreover, the PL placement and sizing problem formulation is extended by considering PHEVs participation as both backup and storage units in the self-healing process. PHEVs contribution as backup units could provide electricity for faulted zone customers. Furthermore, demand variations during the restoration might lead to congestion occurrence in the backup feeder. Hence, the PHEVs contribution as storage units could prevent congestion occurrence and enable execution of the best restoration strategy, through charging in light load and injecting power to the backup feeding path in the peak load of repair time. In addition, the stochastic nature of PHEV owners' behavior is modeled in service restoration and the possibility of reactive power injection by PLs is considered in the service restoration process. The proposed formulation is applied to a standard test system (RBTS-4) to minimize a combined effect of the customer-based (SAIDI) and cost-based (TCR) reliability indices. The simulation is conducted to investigate the effects of physical limitations on candidate locations as well as PHEVs participation as both backup and storage units. Two sensitivity analyses are conducted on the objective function weighting coefficient and the total number of required charging stations to evaluate the effect of optimization parameters on final PL locations and sizes.


The US local exchange telecommunications market is undergoing dramatic regulatory, technological, and structural change. For the near-term, this change will continue and the future architecture of the local exchange will remain uncertain. Three mutually exclusive technology scenarios, and the necessary conditions for the occurrence of each, are presented. "Fiber-in-the-loop Dominates" is deemed "Unlikely", "Fiber-coaxial Dominates" is judged "Somewhat Likely", and "Technology Mosaic" is believed to be the "Most Likely" outcome.


ABSTRACT This study examines the international performance of emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) from a strategic configuration perspective. We propose that the strategic patterns of EMNEs that deliver growth and/or profitability are characterized by different configurations of environment, strategy, and managerial resource factors. Therefore, identifying and assessing strategic configurations is key to understanding EMNEs' international performance. Employing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, we analyze a multi-sourced dataset of Chinese firms' outward investment and identify multiple equifinal strategic configurations that are associated with superior international performance in terms of sales growth and/or profitability. These findings inform the development of a taxonomy of EMNEs' strategic configurations corresponding with three performance groups, namely profitable growth, profitable niche, and poor performers. 摘要 本研究根据战略配置的观点来探讨新兴市场的企业国际化绩效问题。根据环境、战略与管理资源因素来进行不同的战略配置,新兴市场的企业可以实现不同的国际化市场与利润增长目标。因此,识别与评估战略配置成为理解新兴市场中的企业国际化绩效的关键一环。本研究引入模糊集定性比较方法,对中国上市企业海外投资样本进行分析,并从中识别出多类高国际化绩效战略配置。本研究的结果指出了开发新兴市场企业战略配置分类体系的必要性,并具体提出了三种类别的战略配置—绩效相关组态。它们分别是(1)高利润市场增长组态,(2)高利润细分市场组态,(3)低绩效组态。


Microglia are immune system cells associated with senile plaques containing β-amyloid (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease. Although microglia are an integral part of senile plaques, their role in the development of Alzheimer's disease is not known. Because microglia are phagocytic cells, it has been suggested that microglia may function as plaque-attacking scavenger cells. Microglia bind and internalize microaggregates of Aβ that resemble those present in dense Alzheimer's disease plaques. In this study, we compared the degradation by microglia of Aβ microaggregates with the degradation of two other proteins, acetylated low density lipoprotein and α2-macroglobulin. We found that the majority of the internalized Aβ in microaggregates was undegraded 72 h after uptake, whereas 70–80% of internalized acetylated low density lipoprotein or α2-macroglobulin was degraded and released from cells in trichloroacetic acid-soluble form after 4 h. In the continued presence of fluorescent Aβ microaggregates for 4 days, microglia took up huge amounts of Aβ and became engorged with undigested material. These data suggest that microglia can slowly degrade limited amounts of Aβ plaque material, but the degradation mechanisms can be overwhelmed by larger amounts of Aβ.


ASIAN AMERICANS PERSONALITY PATTERNS IDENTITY AND MENTAL HEALTH PDF Are you looking for asian americans personality patterns identity and mental health Books? Now, you will be happy that at this time asian americans personality patterns identity and mental health PDF is available at our online library. With our complete resources, you could find asian americans personality patterns identity and mental health PDF or just found any kind of Books for your readings everyday.


Historically the field of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has evolved around the traditional paradigm of 'female victim - male perpetrator'. Consequently, research and treatment have been based mainly on a female perspective. Some researchers have proposed that this bias may clash with the male perspective, prompting some males to drop out of treatment.


The main objective of this paper is to prove the following theorem, which generalizes some results of [1], [2], [6]. Our theorem is also suggested by the work of Novikov [5].


Being Christian: Baptism, Bible, Eucharist, Prayer. By Rowan Williams. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans Publishing, 2014. viii + 84 pp. $10.00 (paper).Some books are a few hundred pages long and you only get a handful of helpful insights from them. Others may be short, but are so well-written that two or three pages in you are already moved and illumined. Rowan Williams's latest work falls into the latter category. Being Christian: Baptism, Bible, Eucharist, Prayer is a mature summary-reflection of the Christian Ufe from one of Anglicanism s most significant leaders in the last twenty years. Rowan WilUams, who served as the 104th Archbishop of Canterbury, has written numerous books on a variety of subjects. His writing appeals to a broad spectrum of readers, conservative and Uberal. His style is very poetic and pastoral, and in that sense, his work is inviting. It is clearly the work of a master theologian with a wealth of pastoral experience.In this short work, Williams discusses "essential elements of the Christian Ufe," by which he means "those simple and recognizable things that make you realize that you are part of a Christian community" (p. vii). WilUams chooses four topics that seem to him most obvious for this exercise: baptism, Bible, eucharist, and prayer. He then gives attention to each in individual chapters. Each chapter contains much to be admired and appreciated by all orthodox Christians, although WilUams sometimes stretches the topic to its Umits in the effort to summarize all of Christian living under these headings.Baptism, for WilUams, is certainly a rite of entrance into the church. It is connected to the new creation. It means becoming God's beloved child. WilUams also uses the language of "chaos moving into order," and the "restoration of what it is to be truly human" (p. 3) to explain what happens in baptism. These things all lead to a Ufe of Christian mission. Being baptized into Jesus will mean being led toward the world in all its brokenness to bring the presence of Christ. "To be a Christian is to be affected-you might even say contaminated-by the mess of humanity" (p. 6). Being a Christian is not a safe, easy Ufe. Rather, WilUams states, "Perhaps baptism really ought to have some health warnings attached to it: 'If you take this step, if you go into these depths, it will be transfiguring, exhilarating, life-giving and very, very, dangerous'" (p. 9). So, mission is subsumed under baptism.An additional point to highlight is that baptism, according to WilUams, "brings you into the neighbourhood of other Christians; and there is no way of being a Christian without being in the neighbourhood of other Christians" (p. 10). Baptism is a communal event. It is not just about the individual being baptized. It is not a purely private spiritual exercise. It is how we enter a community. It seems to me that this understanding of baptism might be especially appreciated by Reformed churches, where baptism has covenantal significance.Bible reading (or perhaps, hearing the Bible) is also an essential aspect of being a Christian. As WilUams explains, "Christians are people who expect to be spoken to by God" (p. 21). And the Bible consists of "those texts that, from the very beginnings of the Christian community, have been identified as carrying the voice of God" (p. 22). Williams writes briefly on how the Bible works and how it should be read. Here is one place where some readers will disagree. Williams affirms the larger story of the whole Bible and the need for that story to shape believers' lives. However, he suggest that some events, such as the conquest of Canaan, which may appear to be divinely sanctioned, are in fact merely descriptions of what people thought God wanted them to do. They may not have heard correctly. And we can, perhaps, learn to do better now. This suggestion arguably undermines the reliability of scripture. Williams does not intend to cause doubt. Rather, he is trying to explain the offensive behaviors found in some biblical stories. …


Bollobb as, Brightwell 1] and independently Shi 3] proved the existence of a cycle through all vertices of degree at least n 2 in any 2-connected graph of order n. The aim of this paper is to show that the above degree requirement can be relaxed for 1-tough graphs.


By gravitational-magnetic data, the preliminary determination on the volcanic craters of basaltic outcrop areas in western Guizhou is carried out according to the characteristics of gravitational anomaly and air magnetic anomaly induced following the magnetic eruption on gravity and air magnetism. Accordingly, in investigation on geology and mineral and the ore-forming prospects are provided with valuable information .


Threshold segmentation method was widely applied in image process and the selection of threshold affected the final results of image segmentation to a large extent. In order to improve the accuracy and the calculation speed of image segmentation, an Otsu threshold segmentation method based on genetic algorithm was offered. According to the threshold and the gray scale values of pixels, the pixels were divided into two categories, and then the genetic algorithm was used to find the maximum variance between clusters and obtain the optimal threshold of segmentation image. The experimental results show that this method can be used to segment the image effectively, which make the basis for image processing and analysis in the next step.


In the present paper a hydrostatic "reduced gravity" model, generally used to simulate transient bottom-arrested gravity plumes, was coupled with a sediment transport model. The coupled model considers the respective contribution of suspended sediment particles on the buoyancy of a plume and allows one to simulate autosuspension and size-differential deposition of sediments based on the local turbulence and settling velocities. Simulations using the coupled model reveal that sediment-enriched plumes are able to inject both entrained and original shelf water masses into intermediate and bottom layers of an adjacent ocean basin in an ageostrophic dynamical balance. Hence the mechanism described here is more rapid than classic, "seawater" plumes, which are solely driven by surplus density of the water masses. Results suggest that "turbidity" plumes may constitute an important process in the formation and renewal of deep waters in the Arctic Ocean. In case a turbidity plume reaches its level of equilibrium density, deposition of suspended particles causes the density of the interstitial fluid to be lower than the density of the ambient fluid. This initiates upward convection within the water column.

The substantial difference between TS- and turbidity plumes is described by model experiments that utilize idealized slope and sediment distributions. A realistic simulation of a turbidity plume cascading down the continental slope of the western Barents Sea is presented. The computed distribution of deposited sediments agrees well with observations in an area of high accumulation of shelf-derived sediments. The frequency of occurrence of sediment-enriched gravity plumes originating from the Barents Sea shelf is estimated from the various geological variables (thickness of sediments at the bottom, grain size composition) measured from bottom sediments samples.


Resource provisioning is one of the main challenges in resource sharing environments such as InterGrid. Recently, many resource management systems in resource sharing environments use lease abstraction and virtual machines for provisioning. In resource sharing environments resource providers serve requests from external (grid) users along with their own local users. The problem arises when there is not sufficient resources for local users, which have higher priority than grid users, and need resources urgently. This problem could be solved by preempting leases from grid users and allocating them to the local users. However, preempting leases entails determining which lease(s) are better choices to be preempted and what should be done with the preempted leases. To answer these questions, in this work, we propose different request types in the InterGrid environment. Then, we propose and compare several policies that determine the proper set of lease(s) for preemption. The first policy increases resource utilization as a system centric criterion. The second policy improves user satisfaction by decreasing the number of preempted leases. The third policy makes a trade-off between resource utilization and the number of lease preemption. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed preemption policies serve up to 72% more local requests without increasing the rejection ratio of grid requests.


Induction Motor is always focus of attention from its invention and considered as preferred choice, so treated as the workhorse of the industry. Its preference does not vanish even in the specialized and critical applications. Based on the application demand, its shape can be changed so as to rotary motion converted directly into linear motion without any additional mechanism. It increases efficiency and reliability of the system. Hence Rotary Induction Motor becomes Linear Induction Motor and Linear Induction Motor further modified to Tubular Linear Induction Motor. 6 kW, 3-phase, 415 V, 50 Hz Tubular Linear Induction Motor has been designed, analyzed and realized for continuous hammering application in this paper. Design equation for Tubular Linear Induction Motor has been derived from basic concept. Design Analysis has been carried out using ANSYS MAXWELL software. Simulated results for thrust, linear speed, and other parameters are presented and compared with the developed Motor.


Evidence from previous studies revealed that quality of financial reporting has effect on firms' performance by placing more emphasis on the financial measures of corporate performance with little emphasis on the non-financial measures. Therefore, this study appraises the impact of financial reporting quality on performance using both the financial and non-financial measures of corporate performance. This study focuses on the listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Data were sourced primarily and secondarily with the use of questionnaires and annual reports of the selected companies from the periods of 2017 to 2021 respectively. The information supplied in annual reports and the questionnaires were then analyzed distinctively by the use of multiple regression analysis. The result showed that financial reporting has an impact on both financial and non-financial performance of corporate entities in Nigeria. Hence, it recommended that companies should ensure to give credible and equal reports on both the financial and non-financial performance of their businesses.


This research focuses on the analyze of the heterogeneity of the Groningen gas field, i.e. characterization of the reservoir rock and the sealing Zechstein salt on top of the reservoir, by modeling the rock properties of the formations. The aim of this study is twofold, namely to characterize the thickness, shale content and porosity of the reservoir rock and the sealing Zechstein salt. But also to set an geological framework of the Groningen gas field, which can serve as a basic input for subsidence studies and geomechanical modeling of the Groningen field. The Groningen gas field was first discovered in 1959 by well Slochteren 1 and has an horizontal extent of around 900 km2. The reservoir is situated at a depth of 2600-3200 m and the estimated recoverable volume is about 2700 billion m3. It lies within the Southern Permian Basin gas province, an extensive E-W stretched sedimentary basin. In order to analyze the heterogeneity of the sediments (this include the Ten Boer, Ameland and Slochteren member) and the salt rock, software named Quantumgis is used to obtain two dimensional interpolated plots of the three evaluated rock properties. The three rock properties evaluated are thicknesses, shale content and porosities. Well log data have been used to determine these properties. For the thicknesses, the penetration depth of the well bores are used. For the determination of the shale content, gamma-ray and spontaneous potential logs have been used. And eventually, the porosities are derived from density and neutron logs. The used data is obtained from NLOG, the Dutch gas and oil portal. The Zechstein member is a relative thick formation, and show a relative heterogeneous thickness pattern. The Ten Boer member has a relative homogeneous thickness pattern. It has a high shale content and low porosity. Both properties show a heterogeneous pattern. The Ameland member is relative thin and is only present in the northern half of the field, with a high shale content. The distribution of the shale content show a heterogeneous pattern. Finally, the Slochteren member, which is the main reservoir rock, has a heterogeneous thickness pattern. The porosities are high and the shale content is relative low. Both properties show a relative homogeneous pattern. In short, the evaluated formations show a relative heterogeneous pattern for the three rock properties. If one relates the obtained models in this research with the compaction models done by the NAM (NAM,2013), it is clear that production must be reduced or completely stopped in regions with high porosities, since at these regions subsidence values are the highest. This will lead to less compaction and a lower chance of seismic activities.


This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature and trends on the design of periodic microstructural composite materials including photonic crystals (PtCs), phononic crystals (PnCs), and metamaterials (MMs) by topology optimization. The properties of these materials rely highly on the constitutive materials and their spatial distributions and the resulting materials may exhibit various special properties, for example, photonic/phononic band gaps, negative permittivity/permeability, negative effective modulus, and negative refraction. Therefore, PtCs, PnCs, and MMs can be viewed as structural materials with periodic unit cells, the design of which is a typical topology optimization problem for desired properties or functionalities. In recent years, a great amount of research has implemented topology optimization for designing these structural materials as well as the associated functional devices. This review summarizes the most recent development in topology optimization of PtCs, PnCs, and MMs and the possible directions for future research are recommended.


The invention provides a network switching method, a device, a base station, and a base station controller. The method comprises receiving the network switching request sent by the terminal. The network switching request comprises the identification of the terminal current business; determining the current business characteristic according to the identification, and selecting more than two networks cooperated with the business characteristics; selecting one of the more than two networks, which has the weak application, and/or the network having the relative residual capacity, as the switching network target of the terminal. The relative residual capacity can be the ration of the residual capacity represented by the equivalent frequency spectrum adopted by each of the more than two networks and the total frequency spectrum bandwidth of the network. The above mentioned method can be used to solve the problems of the prior art that the irrational network resource distribution and the low network resource utilization rate.


35 Moore, G. W., 1954, North Dakota, in Geologic investigations of radioactive deposits, Semiannual progress report, December 1, 1953 to May 31, 1954: U. S. Geol. Survey TEI-440, p. 102-109, issued by U. S. Atomic Energy Comm. Tech. Inf. Service, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Geologic mapping and sampling in the HT Butte, Chalky Butte, Bullion Butte, and Sentinel Butte areas of southwestern North Dakota indicate that the four areas contain inferred reserves of 43,380,000 tons of lignite averaging 0.013 percent uranium and 0.040 percent in the ash. Lignite from the Slide Butte in the HT Butte area, Slope County, N. Dak., has the greatest uranium content, averaging 0.024 percent uranium and 0.12 percent in the ash. A summary of the inferred reserves of lignite and uranium in these five buttes are presented in table form. From the data presented it is concluded that the uranium in the lignite was deposited by ground water that leached uranium from the overlying White River group. Maps showing areas underlain by uranium-bearing lignite and the thickness and percent uranium in the lignite at sample localities are presented in the text. 36 Moore, G. W., and Gill, J. R., 1955, Geologic map of the southern part of the Slim Buttes area, Harding County, South Dakota: U. S. Geol. Survey Coal Inv. Map C 36, scale 1:31,680. The geologic map of the southern part of the Slim Buttes area, Harding County, S. Dak., indicates the lignite-sampling localities, the calculated uranium content, and the location of springs from which samples of water were taken. Rocks exposed in this area are Late Cretaceous to Recent in age. 37 Moore, G. W., Melin, R. E., and Kepferle, R. C., 1957, Uranium-bearing lignite in southwestern North Dakota: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1055-E (in preparation). Uraniferous lignite occurs in the Sentinel Butte member of the Fort Union formation of Paleocene age in the Bullion Butte, Sentinel Butte, HT Butte, and Chalky Butte areas. The uranium content of the lignite beds apparently is controlled primarily by their stratigraphic position below the overlying White River formation of Oligocene age. Lignite beds enclosed by permeable rocks are more uraniferous than lignite beds enclosed by impermeable rocks. Thin beds of lignite have a higher uranium content than thick beds. The stratigraphy and structure of the areas are discussed and a diagram showing the relation of the radioactive lignite beds to the base of the White River formation in North and South Dakota is shown. The uranium probably was leached by ground water from the White River and Arikaree formations and deposited in the lignite. Reserves of lignite and uranium are given for each of the areas. 38 Patterson, E. D., 1954, Radioactivity of some coals and shales in southern Illinois: U. S. Geol. Survey TEI-466, 23 p, issued by U. S. Atomic Energy Comm. Tech. Inf. Service, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Commercially important coal beds and associated shales in the Casey ville, Tradewater, Carbondale, and McLeansboro formations of Pennsylvanian age in southern and central Illinois were examined to determine the amount URANTDM IN COAL AND CARBONACEOUS SHALE IN THE TJ. S. 17 and distribution of uranium. The coals generally contain less than 0.001 percent uranium but the Herrin No. 6 coal near Harrisburg, 111., contains 0.008 percent uranium and 0.125 percent uranium in the ash. The black shales overlying the coals generally contain from 0.003 to 0.017 percent uranium. The most widespread uraniferous black shale is above the Harrisburg No. 5 coal in Saline, Gallatin, and Williamson Counties. Basic igneous dikes that intruded the coal-bearing formations are in effect nonradioactive. 39 Pipiringos, G. N., 1955, Uranium-bearing coal in the central part of the Great Divide Basin, Sweetwater County, Wyoming; Contr. to the Internat. Conf. on peaceful uses of atomic energy, Geneva, Switzerland, August 1955: U. S. Geol. Survey Paper, United Nations No. P/287. Uranium-bearing coal of early Eocene age underlies about 750 square miles of the Great Divide Basin, Sweetwater County, Wyo. More than half of this area lies within the central part of the Basin. Caliche-like schroeckingerite deposits occur near the northern edge of the coal field. The shroeckingerite occurs in alluvium and in the upper few feet of the underlying claystone and arkosic sandstone beds of early and middle (?) Eocene age. Most of the coal contains less than 0.003 percent uranium, but locally parts of some coal beds contain as much as 0.016 percent uranium. The uranium content of the ash of these coal beds ranges from 0.003 to 0.023 percent. In the central part of the Great Divide Basin, the thickest coal beds underlie a relatively narrow belt in the trough and on the west flank of the northwest-trending Red Desert syncline; those containing the most uranium are on the east flank and are thinner. The Red Desert syncline also coincides with a zone of intertonguing of the highly permeable coarsegrained arkosic sandstone beds of the Battle Spring formation on the northeast and the less permeable, and locally impermeable, clay shale, siltstone, fine-grained sandstone and low grade oil shale beds of the Wasatch and Green River formations on the southeast. These formations of early and middle Eocene age rest unconformably on the Fort Union formation of late Paleocene age and are overlain, in ascending order, by the Bridger and Browns Park formations of middle Eocene and Miocene age respectively. A broad gentle arch, trending about N. 70° E., separates the Washakie Basin on the southeast from the Red Desert syncline, which plunges gently northwestward into the nearly circular structural Niland Basin. The south flank of the arch dips southeast at an average rate of about 230 feet per mile; the north flank dips northeast about 140 feet per mile. The dominant structural feature of the area north of the Niland Basin is a graben which trends about N. 70° W. This graben is about 3 miles wide and is bounded on the north by a normal fault of about 3,000 feet vertical displacement. This fault extends for several miles northwest beyond the northern boundary of the Great Divide Basin and for an undetermined distance southeast across the northeastern part of the Great Divide Basin. The fault on the south side of the graben has a vertical displacement of a few hundred feet in the vicinity of the schroeckingerite deposits; it appears to pass northwestward within a few miles into an anticline or a monoclinal flexure and extends for an undetermined distance 18 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHIES OF URANIUM GEOLOGY " southeast of the schroeckingerite deposits into the northeastern part of the Great Divide Basin. The schroeekingerite deposits in the north-central part of the Great Divide Basin occur within and along the southern edge of the graben. Weakly uraniferous tuffaceous sandstone beds of the Browns Park formation that once probably blanketed the entire Great Divide Basin are preserved today as erosional remnants less than two miles north and northwest of the schroeckingerite deposits. The source of uranium in the coal and in the schroeckingerite deposits is probably the tuffaceous beds in the Browns Park formation localized in its present sites by ground-water circulation guided by structure and the inter-fingering of sedimentary facies. Author's abstract 40 Schopf, J. M., and Gray, R. J., 1954, Microscopic studies of uraniferous coal deposits: U. S. Geol. Survey Circ. 343, 10 p. Quantitative petrographic studies were made of the uranium-bearing lignite deposits of the Slim Buttes area, Harding County, S. Dak. These lignites are in the Ludlow member of the Fort Union formation of Paleocene age. The Slim Buttes coal appears to have a wide range of petrographic constituents in the different beds. This study does not support a direct correlation of uranium content with the amount of any single microscopic component of coal. The richest uranium-bearing samples of the Slim Buttes lignites also contained the greatest amount of humic matter. This extensively weathered plant material might be most favorable to uranium emplacement, but weathered coal of low radioactivity indicates that extensive decay only predisposes the coal to uranium emplacement. 41 Schopf, J. M., Gray, R. J., and Felix, C. J., 1954, Coal petrology, in Geologic investigations of radioactive deposits, Semiannual progress report, June 1 to November 30, 1954: U. S. Geol. Survey TEI-490, p. 175-177, issued by U. S. Atomic Energy Comm. Tech. Inf. Service, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Petrologic studies indicate that uranium-bearing coal from the Dakotas differs slightly from that of the Red Desert in Wyoming and the Goose Creek district in Idaho. These petrologic differences are (1) the Dakota coal contains less transported organic matter, (2) there is less waxy matter in the most uraniferous layers, and (3) there is a top-preferential pattern of uranium enrichment. The average petrologic composition of coal beds in the Slim Buttes area, Harding County, S. Dak., are presented in the text. 42 Snider, J. L., 1953, Reconnaissance for uranium in coal and shale in southern West Virginia and southwestern Virginia: U. S. Geol. Survey TEI-409, 28 p., issued by U. S. Atomic Energy Comm. Tech. Inf. Service, Oak Ridge, Tenn. A reconnaissance of uranium-bearing coal, shale, and clay of Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian age was conducted in parts of West Virginia and Virginia. All samples of bituminous coal collected contain less than 0.001 percent equivalent uranium. A semi-anthracite coal of Mississippian age, from Montgomery County, Va., contains a maximum of 0.001 percent equivalent uranium. Shales and sandstones associated with the coal beds contain from 0.001 to 0.003 percent equivalent uranium. URANIUM IN COAL AND CARBONACEOUS SHALE IN THE U. S. 1$ A black shale of Late Devonian age near Ben Hur, Lee County, Va., contains from 0.003 to 0.004 percent equivalent uranium. 43 Snider, J. L., 1953, Radioactivity


Abstract : This product specification provides structure charts and module descriptions of the Network Transaction Manager System and Table Services. The Services provide an interface between application processes and the Message Processing Unit for the purpose of communication and the performance of table functions. Keywords: Computer aided manufacturing software.


: Currently, the molecular diagnosis is based on the quantification of RNA, proteins and metabolites because they present changes in their quantity related to clinical situations. The same molecules are not generally suitable for early diagnosis or to follow clinical evolution, making necessary strategies to evaluate the complete molecular scenario. There are already experimental strategies that allow the determination of total protein profiles from saliva samples (the SalivaPrint). The goal of this work is to identify a profile of saliva proteins (similar to a fingerprint) and, using computational methods, identify how this profiles changes with age and gender. So far it has been possible to collect 79 samples as well as the metadata associated with each sample using an electronic questionnaire developed by us. A total protein profile was obtained and their association with gender was verified using statistical methods. Currently we are developing the Python scripts for automatic data acquiring and normalization. Total protein profiles annotation on a database (SalivaPrintDB) and their integration with the factors that affects them using machine learning strategies can empower the use of the approach proposed on this work as a tool for monitoring the individual's health status.


Rural entrepreneurship plays a vital role in rural development. The path of rural prosperity can be carved through the successful ventures in the rural areas. This paper explores the growth determinants of beekeeping ventures in India. For data collection, a pre-structured questionnaire was administered in the local language among the beekeepers in Punjab. Venture age is found to be positively related to the expansion of the beekeeping ventures. Expansion leads to a number of benefits in the long run, ranging from the scale of operations to lesser financial problems. Venture age is also found to be associated with the building of the brand for selling honey. The findings of the study offer value to academicians and policy makers for understanding the rural ventures in a better manner and planning interventions for the sustenance and promotion of the self-employment opportunities in the rural areas.


Subak Jatiluwih in Tabanan Regency, Bali, has double status. On the one hand the Subak (water irrigation system) is a tourist attraction (destination), and on the other hand its status is as World Cultural Heritage (Warisan Budaya Dunia or WBD). Related to that matter, this paper describes two things: (1) the development of tourism facilities in Subak Jatiluwih area, and (2) the financial input in managing Jatiluwih tourist attraction and its distribution. This is a qualitative study. The data found is analyzed using qualitative data analysis. The result of study shows that, regarding the double status as stated above, it is precisely within the perceptions of local community about the status of Subak Jatiluwih as WBD are related to "tourism brand". Therefore, the development of tourism facilities that violate the provisions of the law in the area of Subat Jatiluwih WBD was inevitable. On the rice fields in the subak, area parking lots of buses and restaurants have been built. Thus, there are some conversion of rice field into parking lots and restaurants in the area of the WBD. Specifically in relation to financial input in the management of DTW Jatiluwih, it turns out financial input reaches hundreds of millions of dollars even nearly 1 billion per month. The distribution of the results of the DTW (daerah tujuan wisata or tourist destination) management is conducted with the management of the parties based on justice that is tailored to the contribution and needs of each manager. This means that the greater the contribution and the needs of the parties involved in managing the DTW, the greater the share of the financial results it receives.


NAND flash memory is widely used in embedded systems because of many attractive features, such as small size, light weight, low power consumption and fast access speed. However, it requires garbage collection, which includes erase operations. Erase operation is slower than other operations. Further, a block has a limited erase lifetime (typically 100,000) after which a block becomes unusable. The proposed garbage collection policy focuses on minimizing the total number of erase operations, the deviation value of each block and the garbage collection time. NAND flash memory consists of pages of three types, such as valid pages, invalid pages and free pages. In order to achieve above goals, we use a page ratio to decide when to do garbage collection and to select the target victimblock. Additionally, we implement allocating method and group management method. Simulation results show that the proposed policy performs better than Greedy or CAT with the maximum rate 85% of reduction in the deviation value of the erase operations and 6% reduction in garbage collection time.


The sorts of biomedical metal materials were summarized.The biomedical metal materials developed by the author is introduced.Finally,the development trends of biomedical metal materials are reviewed.


Over the last several years, we have seen an increasing recognition that many sporting activities now present the possibility of adverse health outcomes that sit well at odds with any idea of population fitness and wellbeing. As a matter of fact, the discourse regarding the implications for a number of contact sports, in particular the costs and possible trade-offs regarding neurological function and deficit, is now prevalent in terms of the wider media and academic fields. Whilst much emerging evidence and testimonies from athletes, sports people, and their loved ones outlines the damage and consequences that are immediately or longitudinally being experienced (with corresponding lessening of quality of life, or increased mortality risks), there is still an appetite for 'dangerous' (i.e. combat, contact, and adventure) or 'risky' sports, both in terms of participation and consumption. In this commentary, because of the emerging evidence demonstrating that some sports directly lead to an accelerated development of neurodegenerative syndromes, we argue that a more robust classification system should be used to create a distinction from the largely undefined categorisation of 'dangerous' sports, and propose an outline for what we see as 'hazardous' sports to reclassify those whose very rules, remit, and objectives present an identifiable risk of harm.


The delimitation of the main sources of competitive advantage and the quantification of their importance, are still relevant issues in the strategy field of studies. At the middle of the 80´s, a new stream of research emerged, focusing in determining and quantifying the importance of the factors which could explain the differences among the performance of a set of firms. From the results presented in these papers several discussions raised about the hole of corporate strategy and about the relative importance of those factors in the determination of the competitive advantage. In this set of works, there was developed several empirical researches whose main purpose was to quantify the importance of factors as industrial sector, year, corporate affiliation and idiosyncratic issues in explaining the firm performance. The findings of these researches can hardly be used to analyze Brazilian companies once the researches performed with Brazilian firms were done with small samples that can't represent the universe of Brazilian companies. The main objective of this research is to fulfill this gap analyzing some factors that can explain the difference among Brazilians firms' performance. This research used a data base with more than 14.000 Brazilian big companies for a period of 14 years. This research clarified some aspects about the importance of the structure of competitive factors for Brazilian companies.


Probabilistic simulation has been shown to be a very cost-effective approach to the computation of voltage and current waveform statistics in CMOS digital circuits, compared to exhaustive simulation. This approach is particularly attractive when long-term reliability issues such as electromigration, hot-carrier effects, and average power, are to be estimated over all possible input signals. In this paper we present new algorithms for performing probabilistic simulation that provide significant improvements over existing ones, both in accuracy and speed. The improvements are carried out at the subcircuit level, where the statistics of the current and voltage waveforms and the delays are computed more accurately, and at the global level, where signal correlations are considered. The new algorithms have been implemented in a computer program and tested on a number of large benchmark circuits.


In this paper, the madificalation of incomplete quadratic plate element is presented, the conditions of shape function space determined by the degrees of freedom and relationship between them are discussed.


Mr. Mathis' note is correct in that a match is achieved with the three shunt susceptances, but he is wrong in his assertion that no other positioning is possible for match. His method of matching is outlined in Fig. 1.


Photoemission has been used to study the effects of chemisorption of nitric oxide (NO) on the valence‐band and Ga and As 3d core levels of (110)‐GaAs wafers. A parallel sequence of experiments using O2 has also been carried out. For exposures of 104–107 L at 300 K, NO dissociates and reacts with the surface more slowly than does O2. This stage involves defects and shows no photoenhancement. Above 107 L oxidation occurs, at least as fast for NO as for O2, and electronic excitation of the substrate by visible/near‐ultraviolet irradiation during large NO exposures is found to enhance the formation of As–O species. Little N is detected on the surface after oxidation by NO. A model for the differences in oxidation behavior of NO and O2 is proposed.


One of the keystones of the smart city is the medical area. Health care centres and hospital building structures will change in smart cities, because of the increasing trend of in-day surgery procedures, smart bracelets, and additional wearable sensors, which give a better and more accurate possibility to make a diagnosis from a distance. It means that the functionality of medical centres and hospitals will constantly change, the number of bedridden places will decrease, research and development and IT areas will grow, and fast-medical areas will multiply. The result of the above-mentioned processes is that many more patients will be visiting the buildings near the high-security R&D and IT areas. This may result in an increased incidence of robberies, vandalism, and even terrorism, because of radioactive and psychoactive materials. The new concept of medical and health care centres of smart cities is a source of great difficulty for security systems. For patients, it is a good experience to enter a spacious friendly area without any restrictions, which can significantly reduce the stress factor and can give a healthier atmosphere, while the opposite of this means that nobody is allowed to enter the medical treatment and research area without authorization. Managing (financing, operating, developing, maintaining) smart complex security systems in the above mentioned medical and health care centres is difficult because of the human factor and a large number of connections and internal processes. However, the fuzzy system-based event tree analysis can be a useful mathematical solution to receive inbound values of the systems' elements and the online prediction of the processes' states. The continuous analysis of these factors and information provides facility management with a guideline about the current state of complex security systems. The optimal usage of procedures can maximize the fully functional operational efficiency and reduce hazards. This article gives a useful guideline for operating complex security systems of smart cities in medical health care centres and hospitals. It detects the main connections between their successes and hazards to find the key elements and the inbound and outbound parameters of the smart cities' complex security system. The generated mathematical values provide additional information that could be used as an operational indicator of the whole smart city security system.


In this investigation, it is proved the expression of the angular density for the Generalized Pareto Multivariate Distribution, of the nested logistic type, for three variables and then scaled up to five. Angular density is useful in implementing random variables simulation algorithms that follow this distribution, as well as for estimating its dependence parameters. Obtained expressions are used to estimate, by maximum likelihood, the dependence parameters for five variables with known parameters. The model fits well for AMA Operating Risk modeling. A method for defining the hierarchical order that the variables must follow when the model is applied to empirical data, is presented


During the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones (ET) low predictability is often seen in numerical weather prediction. This reduction in skill is associated both with the ET event and the downstream midlatitude flow. Strong error growth can occur in regions of the atmosphere that are unstable to small-amplitude perturbations. Singular vectors can be used to identify such regions and indicate the structure of the fastest growing perturbations over a given time interval. Therefore, the structure of singular vectors associated with the extratropical transition of a tropical cyclone could provide valuable information on the important dynamical and physical processes during such an event. This study is an investigation of singular vectors associated with tropical cyclones and their ET. In the operational configuration of the ensemble prediction system (EPS) of the European Centre for Mediumrange Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), singular vectors targeted on tropical cyclones are calculated with linearized diabatic physics and with respect to a total energy norm (Barkmeijer et al. 2001, Puri et al. 2001). They are used to construct the tropical initial condition perturbations. The calculations are performed with a horizontal resolution of T42 which is too low to represent the tropical cyclone properly. For this study singular vector experiments are implemented to investigate the evolution of singular vectors targeted on tropical cyclones during their optimisation interval and to analyse their sensitivity to spatial resolution. Therefore, singular vectors are calculated with a horizontal resolution up to TL255. These high resolution singular vectors should give an improved representation of the dynamical and physical processes associated with a tropical cyclone.


The purpose of this paper is to propose a software development model, centered in the requirements specification phase, adapted to the research and development characteristics in the e-business area, where the users and development teams are found in a physically distributed environment (United States and Brazil). The results of a case study are also presented here, in development of a specific software for DELL Computers e-business website. This research is classified as an explanatory study, where the main research method was the case study. As result, the proposed model is presented and described, adding a planning phase to the software development process, based on the concept proposed by the Unified Process and the UML language. Some aspects are also discussed, such as the partnership of a great worldwide company in computing (DELL Computers) and a great Brazilian university (PUCRS), in the research and development conjoined project context.


The EoR method examines the importance of individual and general context in the development of knowledge. It is the objective of this research to apply this methodology at the higher education level to support the development of virtual collective knowledge for students and academics. The research group analysed and evaluated the corresponding bibliography on the subject of EoR and its adaptation to the academic level proposed in this research, that of higher education. This facilitated a deeper knowledge of virtual communities of inquiry (objective of the research carried out in 2013/15) and its inclusion in the EoR method. Thus, the two approaches were merged to optimize the development of collective knowledge (versus traditional encyclopaedic knowledge) and obtain better results. As this research integrates, for the first time, the two approaches (Community of Inquiry and EoR), the research group decided to conduct a pilot fieldwork so as to assess possible future problems and provide required changes. The corresponding instruments were designed, basically regulations, theme, time scales and evaluation schemes. This piloting took place during two consecutive weeks using a closed group in Facebook, not the ideal platform but appropriate for this work. For the final fieldwork Edmodo platform will be used. After the assigned two weeks, the results were evaluated (after self-evaluation by group members). The pilot fieldwork was developed on the basis of the reflection cycle and ADDIE (analysis; design; development; implementation; evaluation) methodologies, which made it possible to introduce changes in aspects such as: adjustments to instruments, details to take into account in the design of the EoR chart, variations in time scales, classification of contribution types and analysis of exchanges, as well as considerations regarding the limitations that the chosen topic might present.


Complete drainage of the pulmonary veins into the right heart is one of the rarest and most severe congenital cardiac anomalies. The X-ray studies may suggest this diagnosis if pulmonary veins enter either coronary sinus or inferior vena cava. In the case reported, right heart catheterization and angiocardiography were used and the diagnosis of persisent left superior vena cava and partial direct drainage of the pulmonary veins into right auricle was made.


A comprehensive overview is provided of the hot plasmas and energetic particles (≳keV) observed in the vicinity of Neptune by the low energy charged particle (LECP) experiment on the Voyager 2 spacecraft. The LECP data are ordered with respect to magnetic field data and models derived from the Voyager magnetometer experiment. The findings include the following: (1) Weakly enhanced ion and electron fluxes were observed at the position of the subsolar bow shock. (2) Magnetic-field-aligned, antiplanetward streaming ions and electrons were sporadically observed within the inbound (subsolar) and outbound (tail flank) magnetosheaths, and within the unique "pole-on" cusp region encountered during the inbound trajectory. (3) Tangential ion streaming was observed at the positions of both the inbound (dawnward streaming) and outbound (tailward streaming) magnctopauscs. (4) A distinct "trans-Triton" ion population outside the minimumL shell of Triton is characterized by large angular anisotropics that show that heavy ions (presumably N+) are a likely constituent This population is at least partially corotating with Neptune out to at least L = 27 RNand is also characterized at times by cigar-shaped (field-aligned) pitch angle distributions, possibly indicative of an interaction with a neutral torus. (5) Within the middle magnetospheric regions (inside Triton), pitch angle distributions have well-developed trapped or "pancake" shapes. Also, in contrast to Uranus, flux profiles show no evidence of substorm-generated azimuthal asymmetries. (6) Triton (and/or Triton-generated neutral gas) controls the outer bounds of the hot plasmas and energetic particles, although the mechanism of that control is unclear. Also, there are clear charged particle signatures of satellite 1989NI and of ring 1989N3R. However, the large number of calculated criticalLshell positions associated with all of the rings and satellites renders impractical at this time the unique determination of causal relationships between the many observed particle signatures and known material bodies. (7) Concerning the bulk (integral) and spectral parameters of the not plasmas, if it is assumed that the trans-Triton population is dominated by N+, the plasma β parameter reaches ∼1 within the near-planet magnetotail (L ∼28 RN; in conjunction with a magnetic field depression "tail event"), having only reached ∼0.2 in the more planetward regions. Integral electron energy intensities are such that the more localized Neptune UV aurora can be explained if loss cone intensities are ≲1% of trapped intensities. In contrast to the Uranian magnetosphere, the lower-energy electron distributions appear generally to be at least as well characterized by hot Maxwellian distributions (kT = 10 to 30 keV) as by power law distributions inside L ∼20 RN, a characteristic generally exhibited at the other planets by the ions. At Neptune the ions have kT = 12 to 100 keV, and kTis strongly correlated with position relative to Triton's L shell. (8) Within the Neptunian magnetotail, planetward, magnetic-field-aligned streaming of ions and electrons is observed within the distant (∼67RN) plasma sheet and within a closer region thought to be a detached or striated portion of the plasma sheet population. Within the near-planet magnetotail (L ∼28 RN), where the spacecraft crossed from the plasma sheet to the tail lobes, cigarlike electron distributions are observed, suggestive of shell-splitting/magneto pause-sweeping effects. Consistent with the middle magnetospheric observations, and in sharp contrast to the Uranian magnetotail, the Neptunian magnetotail shows no evidence of substorm processes.


ADRAIN, J.M., 1992:03:30. Machaeridian classification. Alcheringa 16, 15-32. B S N 03115518. Machaeridians are an enigmatic group of multisclerite-bearing benthic marine invertebrates, known from Lower Ordovician to Pennsylvanian rocks. They receive almost no attention, but are very common fossils, especially in faunas of Middle Ordovician to Early Devonian age. Evidence that machaeridians form a monophyletic group includes many shared derived morphological features of thcir sclerites, and thcir highly characteristic mode of sclerite formation. Machaeridian sclerites are calcitic, and feature an outer sclerite layer formed by marginal accretion, and an inner layer formed by serial addition of calcite elements in linear series radiating from the scleriteumbo. The class Machaeridia is understood herein to comprise the order 'nirrilepadomorpha Pdsbry, 1916, including the families Turrilepadidae Clarke 1896 and Plumulitidae Jell 1979, and the order Lepidocoleomorpha Schallreuter 1985, including the family Lepidocoleidae Clarke 1896. The latter family is unique in the possession of a dorsal tongue and groove hinge by which opposing sclerites of a given body segment articulated. All machaeridian species have distinct dextral and sinistral sclerite morphologies. All lepidocoleid species, and isolated members of some other families, are enantiomorphic, with some right-handed and some left-handed individuals. Recent classifications have united machaeridians with other problematic groups, including tommotiids, sachitids, and hercolepadids. Such proposed relationships have very weak evidential bases, and should be rejected.


Sarcopenia is defined as a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Preoperative sarcopenia amongst patients with esophageal cancer has been linked to mortality, various postoperative complications and the severity of these complications. Obesity has been linked with many health problems. Evidence has not been previously published regarding complication rates in obese, sarcopenic patients with esophagogastric adenocarcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

 Patients diagnosed with EGA between January 2017 and December 2021 and undergoing NAC followed by esophagectomy from a single high-volume center had their post-NAC CT scans assessed for radiological sarcopenia. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated from muscle area measured on CT scans at the level of third lumbar vertebra. Previously published SMI cut off values of 52.4 cm2 for men and 38.5 cm2 for women were used. Obesity was defined as a BMI >30 kg/m2. Post-operative complications were prospectively collected and classified using the Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification system. Patients were grouped as CD 0-I (no-mild complications) or CD II-V (moderate–severe complications).

 There were 191 patients included in the analysis. 25 patients post-NAC were both sarcopenic and obese. There was no significant difference between complication rates in the obese sarcopenic group vs the sarcopenic group.

 EGA patients with obesity and sarcopenia post-NAC do not have a higher chance of developing complications than those patients with just sarcopenia.


A well known and well-studied feature of boats' dynamic is the effect of steering-induced roll. This property is used by a technique called Rudder Roll Stabilization (RRS) to stabilise ships in waves in order to make the navigation safer and more pleasant. This technique is based on the generation of induced roll. Because of its specific application, studies have been limited to commercial vessels using a Single Propeller-Rudder System (SPRS). This study not only broadens the technique to any propulsion and steering mechanisms that can be used with RRS by introducing the thrust asymmetry, but it also incorporates the effect of the centrifugal forces that were previously left off. To prove the capabilities of the new concept, a test is effectuated employing an RC demonstrator fitted with a Differential Jet Pump System (DJPS), performing a turning circle test manoeuvre.


To make steps in society towards a more sustainable future, countries must meet the targets established by the United Nations ' Sustainable Development Goals. Thus, factors that could impact the environmental indicators should be analysed. Therefore, this study aims to identify the correlations between financial development and environmental performance in Romania, during the period 1995 – 2018. Using composite indexes to assess financial development and the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) to express environmental performance, important results are obtained through the Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR) method. The explanatory variables used in the study are specific to the evaluation of the financial development of a country: access, depth and efficiency. The results show that, in the case of financial institutions, the access index and the depth index have a negative influence on the environmental performance index, while in the case of financial markets, the negative impact of the access index of financial markets can be observed. The efficiency index, both in the case of financial institutions and financial markets, generates a positive influence on environmental performance in Romania. Financial markets also address positive influences on the evolution of the environmental performance index.


The state of a manually controlled system or combination of systems depends upon a balance between the skill of the operator and the difficulty of his task. When the difficulty of the task is varied by increasing the number of systems which have to be controlled, some change in the pattern of performance can be expected. It is possible to identify the parameters of performance which can be adjusted to meet the increasing demands of such a situation, and to describe how they are related to each other and to overall performance. This analysis has boon applied to a task in which the pointers of Several dials which tend spontaneously to deviate have to be kept as nearly in alignment as possible, and an experiment with this task has shown ways in which subjects adapt to changes in the number of dials (and controls) involved.


Galactic cosmic ray (GCR) modulation at earth orbit for the sunspot number (SSN) cycle 24 is studied, using data from the global network of detectors and the balloon measurements at high latitudes in Russia. The observed GCR modulation is modest compared to previous cycles. The tilt angle of heliospheric current sheet is close to its maximum value for a cycle. The solar polar field reversed in one hemisphere nearly a year ago but has not reversed yet in the other hemisphere. GCR modulation is close to its maximum value. A preliminary determination is made of the rigidity dependence of the observed modulation using data from some neutron monitors of the global network and the directional muon telescopes at Nagoya, Japan. It is a power law with an exponent -1.35, a bit steeper than reported earlier using balloon and neutron monitor data only.


Confronted with highly viscous product streams in a severe winter operating environment, technical personnel using online process analyzers at Syncrude Canada Ltd.`s northern Alberta synthetic crude oil facility have mastered special techniques - some unique - to preserve sample integrity. Syncrude Canada Ltd. is a large integrated complex that extracts bitumen from oil sands and then converts bitumen into synthetic crude oil at a rate of 26,235 m{sup 3}/day (165,000 barrels/day), or 12% of Canada`s oil production. The chemistry is quite complex and varied, so many different analyses are routinely performed to monitor the plant operation. Specifically, this article will deal with measuring solids in a liquid stream using nuclear density techniques, process chromatograph applications, difficulties with and solutions to boiling-point analyzer installations, and sample system design criteria, plus some rules of thumb. Many considerations are necessary to install and operate process analyzers in the oil sands industry of northern Alberta. First, the process involves three unique materials: oil sand, bitumen, and synthetic crude oil. Oil sand is composed of three layers; a water wet sand core, a water layer, and the external bitumen, or oil layer. Bitumen consists of C200+ hydrocarbon chains similar to vacuum unit bottoms which aremore » upgraded to gas oil and naphtha streams. Synthetic crude oil, or Syncrude Sweet Blend as it is now called on the market, is a blend of gas oils and naphtha streams. 6 figs.« less


An article in two parts which considers: the level of counselling activity within specific UK organizations: and the functioning of an EAP in one company. Aims, overall, to offer some qualitative evidence of counselling services effectiveness. Part 1 used a questionnaire and postal survey to ascertain those organizations providing EAP or counselling services. Considers who performs the counselling service, access to the service, the scope of problems dealt with, and how closely the service matches the essential characteristics of an EAP. Found only one organization that fulfilled all the criteria. Part 2 used structured interviews with employees in one organization. Charts employees′ views on awareness of the EAP, the quality of service being offered, benefits and disadvantages, and involvement of EAP staff in organizational change. Results indicate some lack of awareness of the full role of EAPs; and some stigma associated with using the service. On the whole the EAP is well‐received. Advises against EAP...


SUBTITLE: AL DITTER REPORTS ON HOW IT IS HELPING AIRLINES TO GET THE BEST OUT OF THEIR FLIGHT AND CABIN CREWS.


The phase diagrams corresponding to systems of potassium citrate and poly (ethylene glycol) of different molecular weights (4000, 6000 and 10000) were determined at varying temperature. Moreover, the medium pH (5, 7 and 9) effect was also studied. The binodal curves were described using a three parameter equation and the tie-lines were satisfactorily described using the Othmer-Tobias and Bancroft equations. An increase in pH caused the expansion of the two-phase area. The binodal curves became more asymmetric and close to the origin with an increase in poly (ethylene glycol) molecular weight.


Mercury is a system that helps management, staff, and members efficiently use laboratory resources. Mercury emphasizes accounting by utilizing a double entry accounting system: lab activities are recorded and debited/credited to the appropriate accounts in real-time. It is a Management Information System or more appropriately a Member Information System. The software is named Mercury after the Roman god that acted as a messenger (often depicted holding a purse). The components of Mercury are a relational database management system (Ingres), daemons, and clients. It is a dual, three tier application (see the diagram below). The client program that runs in the laboratory is called MercuryClient. It connects to a session management daemon, Mercury Server. There is also a client system that runs in a browser, MercuryWeb. Most of the logic or business rules for the system are implemented in the database as stored procedures. This helps insure data integrity and improves speed. It also minimizes duplication of procedures in the middle tier and clients. MercuryClient is a Java application that members use in the laboratory. When the application is run, a sign-in window appears. Members enter their login name, password, and select a project associated with their account. If members are qualified to use the lab, the full MercuryClient screen appears (lab charges commence). At this point they are connected to the Mercury database through Mercury Server and have access to equipment status, qualifications, materials, viewing who is in the lab, and more. The main task for members once logged in, will be to select an equipment row and enable the equipment. Several rules are checked at this point including presence, equipment and facility qualifications, and problem reports. MercuryClient maintains a continual session with the server and holds session information such as location, lab time, and idle time. MercuryWeb is a web application that provides lab members and staff access to the Mercury database system through any web browser. MercuryWeb is written in Java and uses SQL queries and stored procedures to access and update data in the Ingres RDMS. MercuryWeb also allows creating various reports in PDF, Word, Excel, and PowerPoint formats. MercuryWeb includes the following major modules: Accounting, Inventory, Member Management, Online Tests, Facilities, Reservations, Calendar, and Tasks. The Accounting module is used for day to day tasks as well as to create end of month financial statements and reports. The Inventory module helps to maintain inventory of supplies and parts used in the lab. Member Management provides member and staff account setup and administration. Online Tests allow creating, taking, and grading tests online, completely replacing paper based tests. Facilities are used to define resources (equipment, utilities, and locations) and create associations between them. The Reservation modules allow lab members to reserve frequently used equipment. The inspiration for Mercury was The Berkeley Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (BCIMS) used in the Microlab (known more commonly as the Wand). Twenty years of use by members and staff and two million activities captured by the Wand provided a solid foundation for the design of Mercury.


[Abstract] Brazil has become a globalized economy with development and professionalization of its business and market. Many sectors have attracted the interest of firms, competitors, and investors. One such sector consists of the hospitals in Brazil, which are facing challenges in improving efficiency and competitiveness. One of the strategies adopted by organizations in pursuit of growth is making mergers and acquisitions (M & A). This paper analyzes the M & A strategy focusing on Brazilian hospitals, describes the objectives, delineates the steps of the process, and lists its advantages and benefits. This paper also discusses obstacles, risks, and causes of success and failure.[Keywords] merger and acquisition; hospital; health management; strategyIntroductionFor Brazil, the 19th century represented the start of a new economic era of development in which the country left behind a protected economy with low competitiveness (and being less prone to international partners) to become an open and globalized economy with development and professionalization of its businesses and its market, and with taxes and fiscal policies that allow better international competitiveness. In this context, many sectors have attracted the interest of firms, competitors, and investors. One of these is the hospital sector that remains as one of the open markets for business.With the more open country, there was greater access to management technologies, raw materials, human capital, and especially the most modem and efficient equipment, which allowed increasing the competitiveness of most sectors of the Brazilian economy. In 2001, Goldman Sachs' chief economist, Jim O'Neill, proposed the term BRICs to designate a group of four countries that were the strongest and most important emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, and China. As a part of the BRICs, Brazil, today presents an attractive way for investors to increase their emerging-market exposure (Koch, 2011). An international setting with greater availability of capital for investors was prone to begin to see Brazil's great business opportunities. Thus, Brazilian companies, in various sectors, including health firms, have new challenges in the search for greater efficiency and competitiveness. Among the strategies being adopted by organizations around the world in pursuit of growth are mergers and acquisitions (M & A). Some factors that favor this phenomenon are the global economy, advanced technology, specific market forces, and government regulations (Schmidt, 2002).There are two types of firm growth strategies: internal (organic) and external (M & A). Internal growth (organic growth) means that firm growth is realized through the firm's own strengths and resources and usually requires a long time; external growth (M & A) signifies a strategy that is achieved by buying another firm or business, which is usually perceived as a faster strategy than internal growth (Park & Jang, 2011). Even though much literature has constantly used the two words "mergers and acquisitions" together, they are not the same strategies and differ slightly from one another (Kongpichayanond, 2009). A merger can happen when two companies decide to combine into one entity. Acquisitions refer to an organization's purchase of or take-over of the operations of another (Schraeder & Self, 2003).When merging, they join their available assets, liabilities and cultural values on a comparatively equal basis across different businesses and industries. In acquisitions, an organization acquires sufficient shares to increase the level of control, gain ownership of another organization, and maintains its identity (Horwitz et al., 2002). In terms of this paper's purpose, M & A is an instrument for the growth of a company. Many sectors around the world use M&A strategies to grow. In recent years, many services companies around the world, such as banks (Barros et al. …


Liver cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease,which is characteristic of formation of pseudolobuli in liver tissue.Patients with liver cirrhosis aften have sympotoms of gastrointestinal movement disorders,such as belch,early satiety,abdominal distension,nausea,and vomiting.These symptoms have a strong influence on the quality of life.Gastrointestinal movement disorders in patients with liver cirrhosis maybe have close relationship to gastrointestinal hormones and neuromodulation.Although people have made some progress in recent years,the specific mechanism is not very clear now.All of the above were reviewed in this paper.


Given a directed graph $G$ and an arc weight function $w: E(G)\rightarrow\mathbb{R}_+$, the maximum directed cut problem ({\sc max dicut}) is that of finding a directed cut $\delta (X)$ with maximum total weight. In this paper we consider a version of {\sc max dicut}---{\sc max dicut} with given sizes of parts or {\sc max dicut with gsp}---whose instance is that of {\sc max dicut} plus a positive integer $p$, and it is required to find a directed cut $\delta (X)$ having maximum weight over all cuts $\delta (X)$ with $|X|=p$. Our main result is a $0.5$-approximation algorithm for solving the problem. The algorithm is based on a tricky application of the pipage rounding technique developed in some earlier papers by two of the authors and a remarkable structural property of basic solutions to a linear relaxation. The property is that each component of any basic solution is an element of a set $\{0,\delta,1/2,1-\delta,1 \}$, where $\delta$ is a constant that satisfies $0<\delta<1/2$ and is the same for all components.


where u = u(t, x) ∈ C(R, R) and V (x) ∈ C(R, R), by using the method of separation of variables (SV). Equations belonging to class (1) are widely used in the modern quantum physics and can be related to other linear and nonlinear equations of mathematical physics (these relations will be discussed below, at the end of the article). In particular, class (1) contains the d'Alembert equation (with V (x) = 0) and the Klein– Gordon–Fock equation (with V (x) = m ≡ const). The separation of variables in twoand three-dimensional Laplace, Helmholtz, d'Alembert, and Klein–Gordon–Fock equations had been carried out in the classical works by Bocher [1], Darboux [2], Eisenhart [3], Stepanov [4], Olevsky [5], and Kalnins and Miller (see [6] and references therein). Nevertheless, a complete solution of the problem of SV in equation (1) is not obtained yet. When speaking about solution of equation (1) with separated variables ω1, ω2, we mean the ansatz


This research examines the historical relationship between Ranau, Krui and Retta languages. As they are all members of the Austronesian language family, those languages have similarities and differences in their lexical or phonological features. The aims of this study are: (1) to describe synchronically the phonological system of Ranau, Krui and Retta, (2) to describe the reflexes of Proto Malayo-Polynesian phonemes which have either retention or innovation that occur in Ranau, Krui and Retta, and (3) to describe the historical relationship between Ranau, Krui and Retta by observing the sound correspondence that can prove the existence of kinship relationship between the three languages. The data used in this research are secondary data drawn from the collection of data in the previous study for Ranau and Krui, and primary data especially in the Retta language from i t s native speakers. This research was conducted with the method and framework of diachronic linguistics theory that applies quantitative and qualitative approaches. Both methods were used to find evidence to explain the historical relationship between the three languages being studied. Based on lexicostatistical technique, it is known that the average cognate percentage of the Ranau, Krui, and Retta languages is 46 %. This proves that the relationship between the three languages make them members of the same subfamily language of MalayoPolynesian branch. A number of findings that explain the characteristics of those languages in sporadic or secondary rules include lenition (sound attenuation), apheresis, apocope, and syncope.


The supported catalysts V2O5/TiO2 and V2O5/TiO2ZrO2 were prepared for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane,and the catalyst samples were characterized by means of BET,XRD and H2-TPR.The catalytic performance proved that the yield of propene was 22% at 250 ℃ on TiO2 supported catalyst made by solgel method.Strong chemical bonds O-V-Zr and O-V-Ti between active phase and mixed oxide supports resulted in the increase of reduction temperature of catalysts from 480 ℃ to 650 ℃.Therefore,at 350 ℃ conversion of propane was 13% and selectivity for propene reached 55%.


The tourism sector is one of the main engines of the economy's growth prospects over the medium and long term is why the Ministry of Tourism works strategically to position Ecuador as an attractive destination safe and profitable investment for the tourism high category, creating alternatives for the business sector show growing interest in exploiting this resource, which is why this research reflects the negative impact of the lack of dissemination and promotion of cultural and natural attractions of the parish Taquil Canton Loja, as well as the indifference of the people to invest in tourist facilities and this one of the major shortcomings that can not provide good services to meet the expectations and needs of tourists. As for the southern region of Ecuador tourism is booming promoting tours, concrete products according to market needs through various advertising media to publicize the wealth of the South. Loja province has more than ten thousand square kilometers, and has an irregular topography, producing a variety of climates and microclimates ranging from tropical to temperate Andean. For the development of the Thesis Project, a general objective was "Developing a Marketing Plan for the natural and cultural attractions, contributing to tourism development and economic partner of the Taquil Parish, Canton Loja, Loja Province" was raised, while that among the specific objectives are: Make a diagnosis of the current situation of attractions Taquil parish; Propose a marketing plan for natural and cultural attractions the Taquil parish, which allows positioning as a tourist destination. Socialize the proposed marketing plan with the competent authorities of the Taquil parish. As for the results for the first specific target internal and external analysis of the parish it took place. Demographic, economic, political, legal and technological: in a study of external factors analysis was made. The internal analysis summarizes the socio cultural, historical overview of the Taquil Parish was held, fact sheets of different cultural and natural attractions of the parish was also developed. Finally through technical survey and interview could hear the views of the population and the authorities on duty about the attractions and strategies to determine the proposed dissemination and promotion of the same. As for the second objective a SWOT matrix with the respective strategies are implemented, the Matrix External Factors Evaluation (MEFE) and Matrix Internal Factors Evaluation (MEFI) was also performed. Regarding the proposal as a fundamental part of this process that the development of the Marketing Plan for cultural and natural attractions of the parish Taquil, Canton Loja, Loja Province, which is structured by strategic objectives that are referred; promotion and advertising plan that
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includes a radio spot, billboard design, tourist brochure, posters, postcards and tourist package a training plan was also developed in the tourism sector and finally designed the tourist brand Taquil parish. Once it submitted the proposal rests with the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Taquil Parish, launch the Marketing Plan, using the strategies shown to disseminate both cultural and natural attractions that exist in the place, to achieve progress in tourism the parish. As for the findings it could be found in general a good marketing plan and with the support of the relevant authorities can sell local products Taquil noteworthy that the parish is well known locally for pottery but despite this; This product has not had the proper promotion to attract a steady tourism and therefore the economy of this town is being affected. Finally some recommendations are addressed to the Decentralized Autonomous Government Taquil Parish to help to strengthen the tourism in this way for tourism to promote natural and cultural attractions are offering, the Municipality of Loja you make alliances with GAD in Taquil as for training aimed at the people of the parish for a better service to tourists.


Objective: To examine potential disparities in patient access to elective procedures during the recovery phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Summary of Background Data: Elective surgeries during the pandemic were limited acutely. Access to surgical care was restored in a recovery phase but backlogs and societal shifts are hypothesized to impact surgical access. Methods: Adults with electronic health record orders for procedures ("procedure requests"), from March 16 to August 25, 2019 and March 16 to August 25, 2020, were included. Logistic regression was performed for requested procedures that were not scheduled. Linear regression was performed for wait time from request to scheduled or completed procedure. Results: The number of patients with procedure requests decreased 20.8%, from 26,789 in 2019 to 21,162 in 2020. Patients aged 36–50 and >65 years, those speaking non-English languages, those with Medicare or no insurance, and those living >100 miles away had disproportionately larger decreases. Requested procedures had significantly increased adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of not being scheduled for patients with primary languages other than English, Spanish, or Cantonese [aOR 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–2.28]; unpartnered marital status (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07–1.37); uninsured or self-pay (aOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.53–2.70). Significantly longer wait times were seen for patients aged 36–65 years; with Medi-Cal insurance; from ZIP codes with lower incomes; and from ZIP codes >100 miles away. Conclusions: Patient access to elective surgeries decreased during the pandemic recovery phase with disparities based on patient age, language, marital status, insurance, socioeconomic status, and distance from care. Steps to address modifiable disparities have been taken.


optimization, particle swarm optimization, discrete BSO, Parallel BSO, Orthogonal Learning Particle Swarm Op timization OLPSO, Binary Particle Swarm Optimization, Multivariate Particle Swarm Optimization (MGBSO), Advanced Research Particle Swarm Given the optimization, try to improve it basically a candidate solution quality Upgrade. Particle mass optimization (PSO) is bio-inspired One of the means, and rather than a solution The ideal is the simple one. This is dif ferent optimization methods, for this only the objective function is required and the gradient or subject to objective particle mass optimization No, it is any other form as proposed Does not depend. by Kennedy and Eberhardt in 1995. Estimation Based on the distance from the mean solution (EDAS). has A new and efficient MCDM method. This Method Alternatives are selected from Average solution based on their distance is determined.Alternative:UPSO,FDR, FIPS, and CLPSO. Evalua tion Preference: Sphere, Rosen rock, Quadric, Schwefel, Griewank, Weierstrass. from the result it is seen that Griewank and it got the first rank whereas is the Quadric got is having the lowest rank. the result it is seen that Griewank and it got the first rank whereas is the Quadric got is having the lowest rank.


Background To investigate the contribution of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene pharmacogenetics (G2677T/A and C3435T) to the efficacy of azathioprine in inducing remission in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Methods A cohort of 327 unrelated Spanish patients with CD recruited from a single center was studied. All patients were rigorously followed up for at least 2 years (mean time, 11.5 years). A case‐control analysis of MDR1 G2677T/A and C3435T SNPs and 2 loci haplotypes in 112 steroid‐dependent CD patients treated with azathioprine was performed. Patients were classified on the basis of response to azathioprine. Results A total 76 patients treated with azathioprine for longer than 3 months were included. Remission was achieved in 42 CD patients (55.3%). A higher frequency of the 2677TT genotype was found in nonresponders than in responders (17.65% versus 7.14%; OR = 2.8; 95% CI; 0.6–12.1; P = 0.11). Nonresponders to azathioprine were found to have a higher frequency of the 3435TT genotype than did CD patients who had achieved clinical remission (17.64% versus 4.76%; OR = 4.3; 95% CI, 0.8–22.8; P = 0.06). The 2677T/3435T haplotype was also more abundant in nonresponders (29.4% versus 20.2%), whereas the 2677G/3435C haplotype was more frequent in responders (58.3% versus 47.1%). Lack of response to azathioprine therapy in CD patients was 1.8‐fold greater in carriers of the 2677T/3435T haplotype than in carriers of the 2677G/3435C haplotype (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 0.82–3.9; P = 0.14). Conclusions The results of our study indicate higher frequencies of the 2677TT and 3435TT genotypes and the 2677T/3435T haplotype in CD patients who did not respond to azathioprine. Additional replications in independent populations would confirm the real impact of these polymorphisms in response to azathioprine therapy. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007)


Establishing accurately the behaviour of metallic components in their service environment is an important need for much of manufacturing industry. In fields such as high‐temperature processing, nuclear and marine engineering it is crucial to long‐term safety and to plant economics. A Finnish research team has developed some novel means for determining the corrosion mechanisms, occurring in a wide variety of working environments, enabling patterns of behaviour to be identified and analysed.


Dinah Craik's interventionist literature aimed to promote a progressive agenda in female-centric domestic legislation. However, to maintain her respectable female reputation, she utilised conservative ideals and arguments. She capitalised on contemporary debates around essential femininity, maternity and the problems of inherited evil to argue for women's property rights, adoption rights and the repeal of the Deceased Wife's Sister's Marriage Act. Her work exposed the gap between the legal framework and women's lived experiences. It also exposed the difference between women's private, invisible lives and the public perception of them which informed male discourse and legal debates, accentuating issues of influence versus power and questions of agency within this debate.
The intermingling of class and gender is a key theme in Craik's work. She equated the position of women of all classes with the position of working-class men under the law, particularly in terms of reification, being transmuted into property and owned. Women, Craik argued, share a common bond of sisterhood which transcends class, and this thesis examines the way in which the universality of femininity is questioned and constrained in light of the subjugations of male-made laws. Craik particularly examines the universality of femininity within the confines of inter-related identities. Though she does not reject the notion of inter-related identities, Craik places them within a hierarchy in order to argue for reform.
There is a tendency to appropriate Craik as a feminist writer despite her disavowal of female suffrage. This thesis examines the complicated way Craik viewed female rights, especially critiquing the level to which she examined her own social biases, and absorbed the ideology and social expectations of the society she lived in. Finally, it questions the level to which the dissonance between her avowed conservatism and the message her story conveys was deliberate and effective in reform.


The purpose of this proposal was to field test and evaluate a Teacher Training program that would prepare teachers to increase the motivation and achievement of culturally diverse students in the areas of science and mathematics. Designed as a three year program, this report covers the first two years of the training program at the Ronald McNair School in the Ravenswood School district, using the resources of the NASA Ames Research Center and the California Framework for Mathematics and Science.


By the methods of literature,investigation,specialists mathematical statistics,73 Sanda youth players in Shenyang were tested.The result showed that about the sport success of failure,the male Sanda players are more indined to external;the female Sanda players have a suitable stucture of proper mental locus of control;The sixteen years old Sanda players have a suitable structure;The seventeen years old Sanda players have an external control structure.