Recent advances leading to more sensitive imaging, heightened awareness, increased use of central venous catheters (CVL), and prolonged survival of seriously ill children, thromboembolic events (TE) are increasingly recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatrics. The overall incidence of TE in children is estimated to be 0.7–1.9 per 100,000 [1,2]. Symptomatic TE in unselected neonates is reported as commonly as 5.1/100,000 [3], with an incidence of symptomatic TE of 240/100,000 in NICU admissions [4]. The Canadian Childhood Thrombophilia Registry documented a mortality rate of 16% and a recurrence rate of 8.1% [5,6]. A third of children with sinovenous thrombosis will have long term neurodevelopmental deficits [7]. The increased risk of TE in neonates is believed to be due to decreased activity of antithrombin, protein C, protein S, and plasmin [8,9]. Most serious TEs are associated with a combination of risk factors, with up to 80% associated with CVLs [3,4]. Total parental nutrition (TPN) is used more often and has been associated with an increased risk of TE [10]. With increased use of CVLs, continued advances in critical care, and more children surviving with serious systemic illness, it is predicted that the incidence and severity of TE will increase in pediatrics. Obesity is a risk factor for TE in adults [11]. The increase in childhood obesity may also contribute to an increased incidence of TE in pediatrics. The Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy made recommendations based on the available evidence for treatment of TE in children, but found few quality studies in the 10 years since the first set of recommendations in 1995 [12]. As is frequently noted, the hemostatic system of children differs in important ways from that of adults, yet recommendations are often extrapolated from adult studies. There is need for new treatment strategies and controlled studies of TE in children. In this issue of Pediatric Blood and Cancer, Dr. Balasa's excellent review of new anticoagulant drugs highlights those medications that are the most promising for use in children [13]. In addition to the hemostatic differences noted, children pose special problems in terms of bioavailability, compliance, and monitoring. Common clotting assays are based on adult controls, not children. The aPTT correctly predicts therapeutic heparin concentrations 70% of the time in samples not standardized from children [14]. For a neonate, the difference between low vitamin K breast milk and high vitamin K formula makes titrating an oral vitamin K antagonist even more challenging. Hirsh in a recent review of new anticoagulants for use in adults lists seven properties of an ''ideal'' anticoagulant [15]: (1) high efficacy-to-safety index, (2) predictable dose response that allows dosing without the need for laboratory monitoring, (3) administration by parenteral and oral routes, (4) rapid onset of action, (5) availability of a safe antidote, (6) freedom from non-anticoagulant side effects, (7) minimal interaction with other drugs. To adapt this list to children we would add: (8) long terminal half-life allowing less frequent dosing, (9) stable liquid formulation, (10) lack of interaction with diet, (11) assay monitoring system based on pediatric hemostatics, requiring only microvolume of blood. Of the new drugs discussed by Balasa, idraparinux, ximelagatran, recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 (rNAPc2), and recombinant activated protein C (rAPC) exhibit several of these ideals. Of these new drugs, rAPC is the only one studied in pediatrics and offers promise in severe sepsis [16]. The indirect thrombin inhibitor idraparinux is attractive because of its efficacy, once weekly dosing, pharmacokinetics making routine monitoring unnecessary and lower complication rate compared to warfarin [17]. The direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran is an oral agent unaffected by diet or drugs, does not require routine monitoring [18], and appears to be as safe as warfarin [19]. rNAPc2 has a long terminal halflife, may not require monitoring or simply a PT/INR [20], is reversed by rFVIIa [21], and has been reported as superior to LMWH for post operative TE prophylaxis in adults [22].


Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the human body. It is in every organ of the body. As ophthalmic surgeons know, it has been well tolerated inside the human eye for the last 30 years. When we used it to reconstruct monkey eyelids that had been deformed by trauma, it maintained volume for more than 2 years. Because it is not a foreign protein, and because it is derived from a non-animal source, the potential for inflammatory reaction and allergy is remote. This article will review our 6-year experience utilizing Restylane and Perlane in 2241 patients. Restylane and Perlane have been effective agents used to fill naso-labial folds, marionette lines, glabellar furrows, depressed scars, upper lip lines and to augment lips. We have observed only mild, transient erythema and edema at the injection sites lasting one to two days. Rarely punctate ecchymoses followed the injections and lasted one to five days. Patients have noted the results to be satisfying and long lasting. These products comp...


Generating timely insights in dynamic and competitive industries is very challenging and expensive. Recent advances in online technology have enabled marketers to facilitate rapid and ongoing insight generation using marketing research online communities (MROCs). This article reviews what the author knows about MROCs, and highlights the challenges and benefits of using MROCs as part of a firm's insight strategy. Furthermore, this article examines multiple MROCs and provides implications for managers. The versatility and cost savings these communities offer relative to alternative methods make it likely that they will remain an important issue for marketers and researchers for many years to come.


A detailed analysis of electromagnetic noise in external rotor permanent-magnet synchronous motors is presented in this paper. First, the spatial distribution and frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic force acting on the surface of the permanent magnet are discussed. Then, calculation models for electromagnetic force, structural vibration, and acoustic radiation are developed to predict noise by taking an external rotor in-wheel motor as example. The uneven distribution of electromagnetic force on the surface of the permanent magnet is taken into account by means of loading nodal force into the structural model which is verified by modal test. Through the mode superposition method, the vibration on the surface of the outer rotor is calculated, and the acoustic boundary element method is used to predict the acoustic radiation. Noise test is conducted to validate the simulated noise. It is shown in both simulation results and noise test that the electromagnetic force due to slotting effects contributes the most remarkable component to the overall noise. Finally, slot opening width is optimized to reduce the amplitude of magnetic force close to resonance frequencies, and the overall sound pressure level decreases by 6 dB(A) after optimization.


Premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth is very rare in children. It is well known that it may occur in severe pink disease (acrodynia) and in local disease of bone, such as osteitis and eosinophilic granuloma (Thoma, 1937; Stones, 1954). The teeth in the above conditions are extruded with the roots intact due to a loss of their supporting bony tissue. In hereditary ectodermal dysplasia teeth are badly formed or lacking. An extensive search of the literature, including all volumes of the Quarterly Cumulative Index Medicus, has failed to reveal more than two references to premature loss of deciduous teeth due to a cause other than the above. Sobel, Clark, Fox and Robinow (1953) described a child with genu valgum and premature loss of teeth. She was first seen at the age of 19 months. Six weeks previously several teeth had become loose and all had been shed before her first attendance at hospital. Her serum calcium and phosphorus levels were normal, but her serum alkaline phosphatase was low (0 9 to 1P64 BesseyLowry units). Biopsy of the liver and ribs showed a deficiency of phosphatase. Examination of the bone (by Dr. Edwards Park) showed a picture indistinguishable from that of rickets. There was no history of poisoning by beryllium, which interferes with phosphatase activity, or by fluoride. Radiographs of her limbs were thought to show an osteodystrophy. The tibiae were bowed, and there was cortical new bone formation, with irregular calcification in the metaphyses. The father's alkaline phosphatase was abnormally low, suggesting that the condition was of genetic origin. Treatment with 500,000 units of vitamin D for 10 days had no effect on the enzyme activity. The writers suggested that growing bone requires the presence of alkaline phosphatase for normal calcification, and that the skeletal disorder may be related to an abnormality in the quantity of phosphatase in the tissues. This patient has been described by Sobel elsewhere, and Clausen (1952), in discussing the case,


The Moon was a lot closer to Earth 2.46 billion years ago, and the shorter distance contributed to shorter days.


Background: Ceruloplasmin is an acute phase protein with plasma copper binding properties, and is a potent extracellular antioxidative enzyme. Inflammation and oxidative stress might explain the role of ceruloplasmin in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Study objective: The objective is to assess the correlation of ceruloplasmin levels with biomarkers of cardiac remodelling and myofibrosis in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Patients and methods: Blood samples were taken and serum levels of soluble ST2, galectin-3, NT-proBNP and ceruloplasmin were analysed in 31 consecutive patients with systolic HF referred to tertiary care nurse lead heart failure clinic with acute decompensated CHF requiring i.v. diuretics. The mean patients' age was 68 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) was 29%, 66% patients had ischemic aetilogy of CHF and 33% had atrial fibrillation. Results: The mean ceruloplasmin level was 0.243 g/l, mean galectin-3 level was 1.26 ng/ml, mean sST2 level was 38.15 ng/ml, and mean NT-proBNP was 1927 pg/ml. The ceruloplasmin level correlated with NT-proBNP (r = 0.58, p < 0.05) and with sST2 (r = 0.77, p < 0.001), sST2 levels correlated significantly with NT-proBNP (r = 0.66, p < 0.01). The ceruloplasmin level did not correlate with galectin-3 concentration. Conclusion: The ceruloplasmin level correlates with the biomarkers of cardiac remodelling (NT-proBNP, sST2), but not with the biomarker of myofibrosis (galectin-3). This finding supports the hypothesis of inflammatory response in acute decompensated heart failure.


With the incentive of accommodating the highest possible number of speech transmission channels in the bandwidth available for digital cellular mobile radio networks the authors investigate a spectrally efficient, jointly optimised subband codec (SBC), Reed-Solomon (RS) codec, 16-level quadrature amplitude modulator (16-QAM) scheme. They discuss bit-error rate performance, and consider diversity techniques. A 5.3 kbit/s combined system is proposed, and its properties are described.


This paper presents the experiments and simulations on the resonance-induced acceleration of the reverse Brazil nut effect (RBNE)-Brazil nut effect (BNE) segregation inversion of binary mixtures in flat-bottom and circular-bottom containers. Both experimental and simulation results indicate that the starting location of the sinkage of heavier grains at the top layer is triggered with certain randomness in the flat-bottom container, whereas it first occurs at either of the lateral edges of the bottom in the circular-bottom container. The quantified segregation factors in simulations show that the transition from the RBNE segregation state to the BNE segregation state happens faster in the circular-bottom container than that in the flat-bottom container. The occurrence of standing-wave resonant spots of higher and lower granular temperature accelerates the RBNE-BNE segregation inversion. From the elastic collision model of single grain, the bottom with a larger angle leads to more energy transfer from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by the simulations of a monodisperse granular bed. The flat-bottom container has a uniform distribution with a standing-wave period of granular temperature and packing density, whereas the circular-bottom container possesses a higher granular temperature in the horizontal direction and a lower packing density at the lateral edges of the circular bottom. Owing to the buoyancy effect, heavier grains easily sink first at the resonant spots with higher temperature.


Since the South African species of the genus Tephrosia were enumerated by Harvey in " Flora Capensis " , Vol. 2 (1860-61), a number of new species has been described by different authors, and unnamed material has accumulated in herbaria. This revision, therefore, was undertaken with the object of collating all the ])reviously published de.«criptions, and of naming and describing any new species found among the unnamed material.


An image-type human machine interface comprising an image acquisition assembly that can acquire one or more two-dimensional images of the user, substantially each image picture type human-machine interface associated with the different times is disclosed. The human machine interface may further comprise a processing unit which can be classified one or more groups of pixels in either the background or foreground. .The 2A


Unfortunately my letter(August 6) referred to a new'UK Register of Counsellors' I have since discovered this is the title of a register being produced by the British Association for Counselling (BAC). Entry into this register is restricted to counsellors accredited by BAC themselves.


Football in early post-war Hong Kong was rife with shamateurism. Since getting rid of under-the-table payments was all but impossible, in the mid-1950s there began to appear suggestions to introduce professional football into Hong Kong. But at the time, the unique situation of Hong Kong football meant that neither the clubs nor the top players supported legalizing professional football. The status quo was finally shaken by a bitter feud between the Amateur Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong (ASF&OC) and the Hong Kong Football Association (HKFA), triggered when the ASF&OC refused to endorse Hong Kong's participation in the 1968 pre-Olympic football competition in response to allegations of professionalism. The strong stance taken by the ASF&OC eventually prompted the HKFA to sanction professional football in the 1968–1969 season, making Hong Kong the first location in Asia to legalize professional football.


The feasibility of optical processor based beamforming for microwave array antennas is investigated. The primary focus is on systems utilizing the 20/30 GHz communications band and a transmit configuration exclusively to serve this band. A mathematical model is developed for computation of candidate design configurations. The model is capable of determination of the necessary design parameters required for spatial aspects of the microwave 'footprint' (beam) formation. Computed example beams transmitted from geosynchronous orbit are presented to demonstrate network capabilities. The effect of the processor on the output microwave signal to noise quality at the antenna interface is also considered.


The importance of classroom interaction in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) instruction is occasionally lost on educators. The interaction in the classroom is crucial to assimilating and embracing the target language. As a result of successful information transfer from the teacher to the students, good contact can lead to an increase in students' language acquisition. Because the focus of the classroom interaction study is on how interlocutors make meaning of one another's contributions, the findings can be used as a diagnostic tool to identify issues with discourse management and crucial occurrences that learners confront. Researchers used qualitative methods, including discourse analysis and case studies. Smaratungga Buddhist College Study College was conducted this investigation. The researchers anticipate that learners will be motivated and inspired by the interactional situation. This study focuses on how the teacher creates interaction in the classroom. The success of all outcomes depends on how well students interact. Researchers agree with their actions while they are interacting with the teacher or one another.


Summarizes the separate main characteristics of quick prototyping method and object oriented technology;discusses the problems of combining both chiefly;and analyze the quick prototyping method based on object oriented technology using an instance.


This research studies the dispute among grammarians over some of the boundaries of grammatical categories by following the inductive-analytic approach. The selection of dispute issues is based on the objection by one of the dissenters with the linguistic inheritance. The disputes are classified in two sections, each of which embodies references you consult, and weighting what has been proven correct.


Ordered mesoporous materials have been synthesized by co-condensation of bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AAPTS) under basic conditions with supramolecular templates of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride as structure-directing agents. Incorporation of the templates into the mesoscopic composite was followed by surfactant extraction to form periodic mesoporous organosilicas. These materials have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen gas sorption, metal ion adsorption, elemental analysis, and high resolution thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of AAPTS concentration in the initial solutions on the chemical and structural properties of the final products are examined.


The in-field evaluation and validation of Semi-active laser guided weapons can be achieved by the laser target simulator. The composition and operation principle of the laser target simulator based on the transmissive structure are described in this paper, and the key instruction focus on the optical system parameters which the system required. The optical system is designed using to simulate the changes of the spot size, and the projection system is designed using to simulate the far-field target under the near-field conditions. The result shows that the spot simulated in optical system can achieve the ranges of 0.1mm ~ 18mm; the focal length of the projection system is 200mm, and the F number is 1.25, the MTF value is greater than 0.1 at the spatial frequency of 10 lp/mm under the condition of the exit pupil distance of 600mm, which satisfied the practical test requirements.


This box analyses recent developments in the financial account of the euro area balance of payments. In 2018, the euro area recorded net financial outflows of 2.7% of GDP amid an overall decline in gross cross-border financial flows. Portfolio investment, particularly in debt securities, continued to be affected by the Eurosystem's asset purchase programme. At the same time, the euro area recorded a retrenchment in foreign direct investment flows, mainly reflecting transactions vis-a-vis the United States, most likely linked to the US tax reform. JEL Classification: F21, F32


This article will profile the innovative community engagement process initiated by the "Be the Peace, Make a Change" project to end gender-based violence in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, and conclude with lessons learned. These lessons were summarized as "headlines" to imagine a future with new narratives for interpersonal relationships. This project was a three-year grassroots initiative of Second Story Women's Centre, funded by Status of Women Canada. It engaged the rural communities of Lunenburg County to develop a coordinated response to violence against women and girls. It focused on the engagement of all genders, youth, and adults in exploring and implementing the visions, hopes and actions identified as priorities by the community within a peacebuilding framework. Community was broadly defined to include: survivors of relationship violence; professional service providers in healthcare, community services, policing and justice; municipal and provincial government; community-based services; educators and schools; clergy; and any interested citizens. The need to alter the cultural and social roots that sustain violence was recognized. A focus on building trusting partnerships both locally and provincially, inclusion of men and boys, engaging schools and youth and the justice systems, as well as survivors were hallmarks of the project.


Got a molecule in mind? Artificial intelligence (AI)–powered synthesis robots may soon take it from there. In a recent virtual event, IBM launched RoboRXN, a fully automated synthesis system. As pr...


Numerous algorithms of binary text image watermarking in embedding watermark depend on shuffling the black pixels,which would easily lead to image distortion.To solve this problem,this paper proposed a novel watermarking method that relied on the imperceptibility of yellow dots on white paper.This method counted the black pixels information of binary text image in the form of rows and columns to generate the watermarks,and then binding these watermarks with the error control code.Meanwhile,it divided the original binary text into blocks,the watermarks described as imperceptible yellow dots were then embedded into the selected white pixel of each block.Experimental results show that the watermarked binary text images have fine quality and the watermarks can be extracted blindly,which can authenticate the binary text images and accurately localise the tampered areas.


Applied the artificial muscle based on oil hydraulic to design flexible manipulator finger joint. Builded mathematical model to express the relation among the structure parameters, workplace and dynamical features of the driving joints. According to the characteristic of flexible hydraulic components and the arrangement of the flexible components in driven band, proposed the driven principle to control the movement of flexible finger in different ways. Laid a theoretical foundation for practical application.


The purpose of this research was to know the influence of Reality Based Learning approach toward biology learning achievement of X graders of SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta in the academic year of 2012/2013. This study was a quasi experimental research. The research design was used post-test only with nonequivalent control group design with the experiment group applying Reality Based Learning aprroach in experimental group and classical course, question-answer  and exsperiment method in control group. The population of research was all X graders of SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta in the academic year of of 2012/2013. The sampling technique used cluster sampling.  The sample of this research consisted of X-5 grader as experiment group and X-6 grader as control group with 30 students for each class. Techniques of collecting data for learning achievement were test and non-test methods. The test method included an objective multiple choice test and esay. The non-test method included documentation, observation and questionnaire. The research hypothesis used t test. This research concluded that the application of Reality Based Learning approach affected significantly the biology learning achievement of X graders of SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta in cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. Key Words: Reality Based Learning, Biology Learning Achievement .


In part two of her recent two-part interview with Democratic Audit's Sean Kippin, Natalie Bennett, the Leader of the Green Party, talks about her experiences of party leadership from outside of Parliament or local government, May's Local and European elections, youth political engagement, and the rise of UKIP.


: The study aims to explore and measure the effect of supply chain management's dimensions (relationship with suppliers, compatibility, specifications and standards, delivery and after-sales service) on the quality of health services' dimensions (responsiveness, trust, and security) in private hospitals . The study also aims to clarify the differences between supply chain management and quality of health services due to some demographic variables such as (gender, age, education level, and years of experience in the field of supply). The present supply chain practices will have been selected because they have the potential to improve efficiency, reduce costs and improve patient safety within hospitals. Due to the diverse nature of hospitals and a unique product profile, there is no "one size fits all" supply chain solution that can be implemented. Therefore, product specific characteristics will discussed that can be used by hospitals in order to develop segmentation policies. 6) Identification and categorization of risk factors of SCM in Healthcare and development of appropriate response strategies. The broad objective of this research is to examine the current state of the supply chain regarding pharmaceutical products in Hospital. The specific objectives are to evaluate the Supply Chain Management practices at private Hospital including only the pharmaceutical items or medical products. The problems and prospects, at various stages, of the pharmaceutical supply chain are to be analyzed and appropriate recommendations are to be offered for improvement of the present system.


The present study has been designed to examine the Anti-allergic and Anti-inflammatory activity of various seed extracts of Eruca sativa in-vivo model. Milk induced leukocytosis and Eosinophilia in mice, formaldehyde induced paw edema was carried out against n-hexane and ethanolic extracts in albino mice dose dependent manner. Results showed that n-hexane extract at 400 mg/kg p. o significantly inhibited (p < 0.01) the blood eosinophilia, leukocyte and differential leukocyte count. These results were also comparable to those of dexamethasone, the reference drug used in this study. In the model of edema induced by formalin, n-hexane fractions at 400 mg/kg body weight reduced significantly (p < 0.01) the formation of edema induced by formalin. The results suggested that the hexane of Eruca sativa seeds possessed potent anti-inflammatory and anti allergic properties. Keywords: Traditional medicines, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Green medicines, Eosinophils.


ABSTRACT The role of resources in war has been much debated. What happens when foreign patrons provide lavish amounts of cash to rebels, without mechanisms of accountability? This article analyzes three major sources of funding and their micro-level effects on insurgent-groups in the Syrian civil war. Recipients of funding demonstrated opportunism in actions, alliances, and ideologies, directly related to the funding source. Funders thus set the agenda of the war, promoting Islamist ideologies and regional over local issues. Private donors rivaled state sponsors, in what may be a harbinger of future globalization trends.


This paper discusses the application of conventional concept of services marketing in digital library in modern era. The aim of this study to attempt to correlate marketing as a concept to the provision of digital library services. The unique characteristics of information products may demand a new approach to marketing defined as information marketing. In view of the social, economic and technological changes, Library and Information centers have begun to realize that marketing of information products and services is an integral part of administration. On account of information explosion, the technological revolution and escalating library costs are responsible for encouraging the library profession to develop a professional marketing approach in its operations and services. This paper discusses the concept of conventional services marketing system as they are affected in digital library services. The concept would help to provide right service at right time and the right price to right users in the right place with support of quality staffs. This paper provides useful information on the marketing of digital library and information services.


There is a lot of experimental evidence of All Optical Switching (AOS) by applying ultrashort laser pulses on ferromagnetic thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. However, the physical origin behind these processes remains under debate. In addition to the heating caused by the laser pulses, the Inverse Faraday Effect (IFE) and Magnetic Circular Dichroism (MCD) have been proposed as the most probable phenomena responsible for the observations of helicity-dependent AOS. Here, we review the influence of both phenomena by means of realistic micromagnetic simulations based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Bloch equation coupled to the heat transport caused by the laser heating. The analysis allows us to reveal the similarities and differences between both effects. While both mechanisms may lead to the local inversion of the initial magnetic state of a ferromagnetic sample submitted to a train of circularly polarized laser pulses, the Inverse Faraday Effect proves to be more efficient for nucleation and domain wall movement and it reproduces more accurately the different magnetic configurations that the experiments report for different values of the fluence of the laser beam.


Sounding Underground is an online interactive sonic environment that links sound excerpts from the metros of London, Paris and Mexico City, as selected by commuters, as meaningful moments of sound from their commuting routine. Designed as a navigation structure, the environment draws on identifiable architectonic spaces such as entrances and corridors, but also incorporates more abstract 'spaces' based on memorable sounds that passengers had in common. The creation of the environment focused on the perception of social, political and symbolic experiences, and was derived from an iterative ethnographic and artistic practice which involved self-reflection, interviews, recordings of and listening to the journeys, and commuters' selections of sounds. This article describes the process of creation through the abstraction of a physical space, as well as the responses the work has evoked in the users and the academic community. It exemplifies the transdisciplinary nature of practice-based research involving the creative use of digital technologies.


Here we demonstrate a purely electrochemical approach for monitoring the electric field-induced melting of surface-bound DNA duplexes tethered to gold surfaces using standard surface attachment chemistry, i.e. single thiol-Au bonds. The sensitivity of square wave voltammetry is combined with the electric fields generated during programmed sequences of chronoamperometric pulses to enable a method for DNA analysis that can be carried out at room temperature without need for parallel spectroscopic monitoring. Electrochemical meltingcurvesareobtainedusingbothscanningpotentialpulsesandconstantpotentialpulses,whichareanalyzedto assess duplexstabilityandtheextentofthioldesorption.Themeltingbehaviorisfoundtodependonthepulsepotentialandpuletime. Under optimized conditions, thiol reduction is minimized and DNA duplexes can be discriminated based on the presence of a single base pair mismatch. The method is found to be less sensitive to the duplex length, presumably due to the rapid decay of the electric field away from the electrode surface. Based on these results, a simple model is proposed in which maintenance of the double-layer charge by accumulation of ions from the bulk of solution competes with electric field-induced loss of the negatively-charged DNA at a given applied potential. provides a versatile platform for detection and electrical manipulation of biological molecules. Electrochemical methods for detecting and monitoring the denaturation of biomolecules in an electrical double-layer were first reported utilizing


This article aims to develop methods for improving the creative potential of students as members of a candidate pool. Such research is conducted for the first time since the existing studies focus on methods and techniques for developing creativity without a systematic approach to the development of student's activity and time management. The paper utilizes a coherent two-stage approach with two pedagogical experiments and the subsequent evaluation of their results through a sociological survey. The study was conducted in 2008-2018 and involved 547 students. As a result, the authors have managed to reveal effective methods for activating the creativity of students in higher education institutions, which allowed developing a technology for improving students' creative potential. The above-mentioned methods include the improvement of personal time management with the student's individual development plan; a game-based method of conducting seminars with students divided into two opposing teams and an expert group; the creation of video projects based on their educational program specialization. These methods make students more self-sufficient in the creation of innovative models aimed at the activation and development of their creativity. The novelty of this technology lies in an educator's integrated effect on the student at all educational stages in order to develop the student's creativity, ability to efficiently manage time and perform a constant search for innovative solutions in the course of future work activities.


The purpose of this study was to investigate humeral translation relative to the glenoid invivo during loaded and unloaded shoulder abduction. CT scans of 9 healthy shoulders were acquired and 3D models were created. The subject was positioned in front of a fluoroscope and motions were recorded during active abduction. The subjects performed two trials of holding a 3kg weight and unload. 3D motions were determined using model-based 3D-to-2D registration to obtain 6 degrees of freedom kinematics. Glenohumeral translation was determined by finding the location on the humeral head with the smallest separation from the glenoid. Humeral translation was referenced to the glenoid center in the superior/inferior direction. The humerus moved an average of 2 mm, from inferior to central on the glenoid, during arm abduction for both conditions. The humeral head was centered within 1mm from the glenoid center above 70�. There were no statistically significant differences for both conditions. The standard deviation decreased gradually over the motion, with significantly lower variability at the end of abduction compared to the initial unloaded position. We assumed that the humeral translation to the center of the glenoid provides maximum joint congruency for optimal shoulder function and joint longevity. We believe this information will lead to better strategies to prevent shoulder injuries, enhance rehabilitation, and improve surgical treatments.


This paper based on the investigation of the forestry industries of the northern Jiangsu Province,introduced the forestry plantation,forestry reform and forest industry of Suqian City,which was rich of forestry resources. Some suggestions for further improving the protection of forest land use and healthy development were put forward.


Task analysis is one of the most useful tools for investigating human tasks and together with associated analysis techniques it provides considerable versatility, that enables analysts to investigate a wide range of issues on both new and existing systems. However, software tools for task analysis generally do not currently provide the flexibility or range of applications, to fully utilize this versatility. Therefore, in order to define the user requirements for an analyst using a task analysis package, a task analysis was undertaken of the task analysis process. This produced an extensive set of different user requirements, both at a generic level and at the level of specific analysis techniques. Some of the more significant of these findings are summarized. It was also noted that there is room for some standardization in the way that some features of task analysis data are presented, in order to assist the readers of a task analysis to understand the data presentation of task analysis data.


It is of great significance to improve the network equipment utilization in the network laboratory. This paper introduces an unattended and full-automatic laboratory management system that can realize a remote openness all day. The hardware system is composed of the server, intelligent outlet and multi-serial-port card. The software system is composed of Web server, SQL database, terminal server and LabServer. Users can perform experiments through the web browser. The system can turn the physical equipment into multiple logical topologies and realize full-automatic start-up and shut-down through the intelligent outlet.


1 This paper describes the pharmacology of the novel 5‐hydroxytryptamine3 (5‐HT3) receptor antagonist GR38032F. 2 On the isolated vagus nerve and superior cervical ganglion of the rat, R,S‐GR38032F behaved as a reversible competitive antagonist of 5‐HT‐induced depolarization with pKB values of 8.61 ± 0.08 (n = 19) and 8.13 ± 0.07 (n = 16), respectively. The resolved R‐ and S‐isomers of GR38032F were approximately equipotent as 5‐HT antagonists on the rat vagus nerve: the pKB values were 8.95 ± 0.05 (n = 16) and 8.63 ± 0.08 (n = 17), respectively. R,S‐GR38032F was also an effective antagonist of 5‐HT on the rabbit isolated vagus nerve: in this case the pKB value was 9.40 ±0.14 (n = 4). 3 On the rabbit isolated heart, low concentrations of R,S‐GR38032F (3 × −1011 −1 × 10‐9 m) antagonized the positive chronotropic effect of 5‐HT and 2‐methyl‐5‐hydroxytryptamine (2‐methyl‐5‐HT). However, the effects of the compound did not appear consistent with simple reversible competition. 4 On the longitudinal smooth muscle of the guinea‐pig ileum, R,S‐GR38032F caused concentration‐dependent parallel rightward displacement of the 2‐methyl‐5‐HT concentration‐contraction response curve; in contrast, a portion of the response to 5‐HT appeared resistant to R,S‐GR38032F. pKB values estimated from the effects of the compound against 2‐methyl‐5‐HT or the inhibitable portion of the response to 5‐HT were 7.31 ± 0.06 (n = 8) and 7.33 ± 0.13 (n = 8), respectively. Against 2‐methyl‐5‐HT, R‐GR38032F seemed more potent (pKB 7.20 ± 0.10; n = 6) than S‐GR38032F (pKB 6.30 ± 0.05; n = 6). 5 R,S‐GR38032F is highly selective for 5‐HT3 receptors, and at concentrations of 3 × 10−6‐3 × 10−5m, had negligible agonist or antagonist activity on other 5‐HT or non‐5‐HT receptor‐containing tissues on which it was tested. 6 The potency and duration of action of R,S‐GR38032F in blocking 5‐HT3 receptors in vivo were assessed by measuring its ability to antagonize the bradycardic response to 5‐HT or 2‐methyl‐5‐HT administered intravenously (i.v.) to anaesthetized animals. For i.v. administration to the rat, the ED50 for R,S‐GR38032F against 2‐methyl‐5‐HT (100 μg kg−1) was 0.4 (95% confidence limits 0.18–0.87) μg kg−1 (n = 10); the corresponding value for oral administration to this species was 7.0 (3.0–22.0) μg kg−1 (n = 8–10 per dose level). R,S‐GR38032F was similarly effective in the anaesthetized cat. 7 The present results are discussed with reference to the postulated existence of subtypes of the 5‐HT3 receptor.


Objective: To investigate the effect of blood pressure control and circadian variability of dipper blood pressure induced by irbesartan in patients with non-dipper essential hypertension and to observe levels of aldosterone.after treatment.Methods: The patients were divided into dipper and non-dipper groups.All patients were treated with irbesartan(150-300 mg/d).The variability of circadian blood pressure were observed,and the levels of plasma aldosterone were monitored before and after treatment Results: After the treatment with irbesartan,the blood pressure in all patients were evidently reduced.The night blood pressure of the patient with non-dipper essential hypertension had more significant improvement.The circadian variability was appeared.The levels of aldosterone had a significant difference between day and night.Conclusion: Irbesartan has significant effects for the patients with non-dipper essential hypertension.It can induce a circadian variability and recover the dipper blood pressure from non-dipper blood pressure.


The effect of the kinetic parameters of an assistance ion beam on the crystallization of ion beam deposited MgO was investigated. It is shown that the crystallization of MgO in the as-deposited state is strongly dependent on the assistance beam parameters. Furthermore, two deposition regimes corresponding to different ranges of the assistance beam energy are found. XRD and TEM studies of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB with MgO deposited in the two regimes show that CoFeB crystallization is favored when low energy assist beams are used, despite no differences being found in the MgO.


Introduction Thiabendazole and benomyl are systemic fungicides which were found to be effective in controlling leaf spot of sugarbeet, caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. (1,2,3,6)3. Because these fung icides are relatively expensive, the use of minimum doses for ob taining disease control is essential. However, the minimuHl efiec tlve doses are not yet known. Only some of the fungicides 6eposit ed on the leaf is absorbed by it (5). An increase in the absorption rate of streptomycin was induced in Sedum pU1'pureum when leaves were kept wet after its application (4). Hence, the effect of leaf wetting on fungIcide effectiveness was also inclucied in tilis study. While no distinction could be made in the field between dle residual and the systemic activity of the fungicides, in greenhouse experiments the effect of the studied factors was examined main lyon aspects expressing the systemic activity of the fungicides.


A connector structure (1) includes: a receptacle connector (20) including (a) a receptacle terminal (21) in which a receptacle contact portion (21a) is provided and (b) a housing (22) into which a fiber material is impregnated, and in which a storage space (23) is provided to store the receptacle contact portion (21a); a plug connector (30) engaged into the receptacle connector (20), the plug connector (30) having a plug terminal (31) in which a plug contact portion (31a) is provided, the plug contact portion (31a) being inserted between the receptacle contact portion (21a) and a partition wall (24) in the storage space (23); and a contact inhibition member (35) which is provided between the partition wall (24) of the storage space (23) and the receptacle terminal (21) to suppress the plug contact portion (31a) from contacting the partition wall (24) of the storage space (23).


Menopausal women undergo endocrine changes that cause multiple disorders, including attenuation of the immune response. In this sense, a systematic review of the literature was conducted aiming to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which had studied the effect of physical exercise on immune modulation in postmenopausal women. Electronic databases of Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Lilacs, and Bireme were used with the following keywords: humans, immune system, physical activity, exercise, physical fitness, postmenopause and postmenopausal period. The exclusion criteria for titles and abstracts were any article that clearly did not address the effect of exercise/ physical activity on the immune system and those that investigated women with cancer and/or diabetes. Seven articles were included for analysis. Interventions lasted from six months to 19.9 years, with samples ranging from 18 to 421 subjects. All studies used moderate aerobic exercise as intervention. Only one study used subjective measure to evaluate the immune system and the remaining studies used direct biochemical measurements. Regarding the effect of exercise on immune modulation, 57.1% of the RCT concluded that physical exercise acted positively on immune system of menopausal women and showed no negative effect. C-reactive protein and immune cell count were the most researched variables, with four studies each, where only one in each variable was significantly associated with decrease in these parameters. Three studies investigated the variable interleukin-6 and two investigated the serum amyloid A, showing no significant association; of the two studies evaluating immunoglobulins, only one showed an association with increased immunoglobulin A. We concluded that it is no likely that aerobic exercise impairs the immune system in postmenopausal women, and is necessary to perform new RCTs to study the changes in immune modulation in this population and to address different volumes and types of exercise.


We study the lead–lag dependence between aggregate credit spreads and equity prices as well as implied equity volatility, which is important for proper credit risk assessment. Our analysis includes daily quotes of the iTraxx Europe index, the Dow Jones Euro Stoxx 50 index, and the Dow Jones VStoxx index during the period of June 2004 to April 2009, i.e. before and during the subprime financial crisis. We robustly estimate a vector autoregressive (VAR) model, allow for time-varying coefficients and assume a multivariate autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (ARCH) model of the BEKK-type for the innovations. We find that while the commonly predicted negative relation between asset prices and credit spreads holds during the pre-crisis period, it fails to hold during the subsequent crisis period. Equity returns turn out to be insignificant predictors of spreads during the crisis and spread changes significantly and positively lead changes in equity market volatility. Hence, while information in aggregate spreads is typically not driving aggregate market risk, it well may do so during a period in which severe stress in credit markets spills over to the equity market. In sum our results cast some doubt on the stability of the predictions of structural models of credit risk during periods of market stress.


While one-dimensional Markov processes are well understood, going to higher dimensions there are only a few analytically solved Ising-like models, in practice requiring to use relatively costly, uncontrollable and inaccurate Monte-Carlo methods. There is discussed analytical approach for e.g. $width\times \infty$ approximation of lattice, also exploiting Hammersley-Clifford theorem to generate random Gibbs/Markov field through scanning line-by-line using local statistical model as in lossless image compression. While its conditional distributions could be found with Monte-Carlo methods, there is discussed use of Maximal Entropy Random Walk (MERW) to calculate them from approximation of lattice as infinite in one direction and finite in the remaining. Specifically, in the finite directions there is built alphabet of all patterns, then transition matrix containing energy for all pairs of such patterns is built, from its dominant eigenvector getting probability distribution of pairs of patterns in Boltzmann distribution of their infinite sequences, which can be translated into local statistical model for line-by-line scan. Such inexpensive models, requiring seconds on a laptop for attached implementation and directly providing probability distributions of patterns, were tested for mean entropy and energy per node, getting maximal $\approx 0.02$ error from analytical solution near critical point, which quickly improves to extremely accurate e.g. $\approx 10^{-10}$ error for $J\approx 0.2$.


This chapter examines the interaction between supply price uncertainty and demand uncertainty. We consider a manufacturer who sources a key component using different procurement options: a long-term order on a price-only contract, short-term orders on an adjustment contract, and short-term purchases directly from the market. At the beginning of the planning cycle, the manufacturer places a long-term order and reserves a certain amount of supply capacity for the purpose of adjusting the long-term order, if needed. Before the selling season, the manufacturer has multiple opportunities of supplementing the long-term order from the reserved capacity or from the market. We compare two types of capacity arrangements: dedicated capacity and overall capacity. Under a dedicated capacity arrangement, the manufacturer reserves a capacity for each adjustment order in the contract. Under an overall capacity arrangement, she keeps the flexibility of using the reserved capacity in any periods during the planning cycle. We discuss the optimal procurement strategies and the criteria for capacity allocations, as well as the policy behavior and service performance under different arrangements.


The paper considers premises of the hiddenness argument with an emphasis on its usage of the concept of a personal God. The paper's assumption is that a recent literature on second-person experiences could be useful for theists in their efforts to defend their position against Schellenberg's argument. Stump's analyses of a second-person knowledge indicate that what is required in order to establish an interpersonal relationship is a personal presence of the persons in question, and therefore they falsify the thesis that a minimalist requirement for a relationship between a man and God has to be belief in his existence. Recent works by developmental psychologists not only verify a hypothesis that a second-person knowledge is not reducible to knowledge-that, but also suggest that one needs a shared form of life in order to establish an interpersonal relationship. These two insights allow the author to formulate his own response to the hiddenness argument: only when God's presence is non-explicit—for example, when God is hidden in a human nature—can a finite person enter into a personal relationship with him. It is the fulfilment of the requirement of being personally present that is the justifying reason for God to permit non-resistant non-belief.


POLITICAL allegory thrives amid state secrecy and endemic corruption. At least two early modern authors, Edmund Spenser and his fellow radical Protestant reformer in Ireland, Barnabe Riche, wrote risqué allegories in order to promote harsh tactics as a means of cultural change. unlike Soviet dissidents, to take one modern example, who promoted open-minded and/or democratic principles in the face of totalitarianism, Riche and Spenser took the opposite tack, using their shadowy allegories to promote more militant and authoritarian policies in their adopted country. Riche's richly allegorical Adventures of Brusanus (1592) and Greenes Newes both from Heaven and Hell (1593) lament the abuse of power by local magistrates and condemn the waffling of weak administrators. Spenser's satire "Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale" (1591) demands that London aggressively put an end to the power of moderate albeit highly corrupt governors of the realm, includ-


In this research work, an approach to develop a university campus in many ways using sensors is presented. Research work try to Figure out many cases related to environmental and physical changes happening in the campus through sensors. The primary motive is to make a prototype to implement it into real time to make our campus a smart campus. Proposed work make use of super-sensors which would sense and detect the environmental and physical conditions and report it through email, SMS, or a notification in website. These sensors enable us for more capability of collecting flexible data so that accordingly data can be processed. Also, this research work aims to deploy the proposed super-sensor system in a single class room of the campus.


Objective : To determine the frequency of acne and other relevant side effects as well as the pattern of topical steroid and fairness cream use among patients presenting with steroid and fairness cream use at dermatology OPD in a tertiary care private hospital in Karachi. Methods : A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April, 2020 to December, 2020 in a private tertiary care hospital in Karachi. In total, 226 patients with a positive history of topical steroids and/or fairness creams use in the past six months were included in the study. Information was collected about sociodemographic characteristics; topical corticosteroid uses while clinical examination of facial skin was performed by a dermatologist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version-19. Results : The median age of study participants was 26 years with an interquartile range of 10 years. This frequency of corticosteroid induced acne was highest i.e., 83.6% (n=189) followed facial erythema and telangiectasia i.e., 50.9% (n=115) 47.8% (n=108) respectively. The estimated median duration of using topical steroids or fairness creams or both was six months with an IQR of four months. The study found statistically significant differences in the reasons of using topical corticosteroids or fairness creams on the face on the basis of differences in the level of education and marital status. Conclusion : In Karachi, both, men and women are equally obsessed with fair skin tone and use topical steroids and fairness cream. The use of corticosteroid or fairness cream-induced facial acne is alarmingly high among patients presenting in a dermatology clinic in Karachi.


PURPOSE
To study the variability of patient-specific motion models derived from 4-dimensional CT (4DCT) images using different deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms for lung cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) patients.

METHODS
Motion models are derived by 1) applying DIR between each 4DCT image and a reference image, resulting in a set of displacement vector fields (DVFs), and 2) performing principal component analysis (PCA) on the DVFs, resulting in a motion model (a set of eigenvectors capturing the variations in the DVFs). Three DIR algorithms were used: 1) Demons, 2) Horn-Schunck, and 3) iterative optical flow. The motion models derived were compared using patient 4DCT scans.

RESULTS
Motion models were derived and the variations were evaluated according to three criteria: 1) the average root mean square (RMS) difference which measures the absolute difference between the components of the eigenvectors, 2) the dot product between the eigenvectors which measures the angular difference between the eigenvectors in space, and 3) the Euclidean Model Norm (EMN), which is calculated by summing the dot products of an eigenvector with the first three eigenvectors from the reference motion model in quadrature. EMN measures how well an eigenvector can be reconstructed using another motion model derived using a different DIR algorithm. Results showed that comparing to a reference motion model (derived using the Demons algorithm), the eigenvectors of the motion model derived using the iterative optical flow algorithm has smaller RMS, larger dot product, and larger EMN values than those of the motion model derived using Horn-Schunck algorithm.

CONCLUSION
The study showed that motion models vary depending on which DIR algorithms were used to derive them. The choice of a DIR algorithm may affect the accuracy of the resulting model, and it is important to assess the suitability of the algorithm chosen for a particular application. This project was supported, in part, through a Master Research Agreement with Varian Medical Systems, Inc, Palo Alto, CA.


FBAR element (Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator), comprising: a provided with an upper surface of the substrate structure (30, 60, 80, 110); one on the upper surface of the substrate structure (30, 60, 80, 110) and formed of gold (Au) or titanium (Ti) produced seed layer (39, 69, 89, 119); and one or more acoustic resonance portions (40, 70, 90, 120a, 120b), each comprising a lower electrode film (42, 72, 92, 122a, 122b) comprise the formed on the seed layer (39, 69, 89, 119) and made of molybdenum (Mo) is made, one on the lower electrode film (42, 72, 92, 122a, 122b), and piezoelectric layer made of aluminum nitride (AIN) (44, 74, 94, 124), and one (on the piezoelectric layer formed 44, 74, 94, 124) upper electrode film (46, 76, 96, 126a, 126b).


using copper acetate as a template and methanol,chloroform as solvent,2-vinylpyridine,acrylamide as functional monomer,ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinking agent,a copper ion imprinted polymer( IIP)was prepared with bulk polymerization. Then the IIP was incorporated into the preparation of chitosan sponge,the adsorption rate of chitosan sponge in copper ion aqueous solution was developed from 27. 1% to 72. 3%. The IIP modified chitosan sponge reached equilibrium for 2 d. Results showed that stable performance was kept after adsorption- desorption 5 times.


In unmanned systems, remote sensing is an approach that collects and analyzes data such as visual images, infrared thermal images, and LiDAR sensor data from a distance using a system that operates without human intervention. Recent advancements in deep learning enable the direct mapping of input images in remote sensing to desired outputs, making it possible to learn through imitation learning and for unmanned systems to learn by collecting and analyzing those images. In the case of autonomous cars, raw high-dimensional data are collected using sensors, which are mapped to the values of steering and throttle through a deep learning network to train imitation learning. Therefore, by imitation learning, the unmanned systems observe expert demonstrations and learn expert policies, even in complex environments. However, in imitation learning, collecting and analyzing a large number of images from the game environment incurs time and costs. Training with a limited dataset leads to a lack of understanding of the environment. There are some augmentation approaches that have the limitation of increasing the dataset because of considering only the locations of objects visited and estimated. Therefore, it is required to consider the diverse kinds of the location of objects not visited to solve the limitation. This paper proposes an enhanced model to augment the number of training images comprising a Preprocessor, an enhanced Swin Transformer model, and an Action model. Using the original network structure of the Swin Transformer model for image augmentation in imitation learning is challenging. Therefore, the internal structure of the Swin Transformer model is enhanced, and the Preprocessor and Action model are combined to augment training images. The proposed method was verified through an experimental process by learning from expert demonstrations and augmented images, which reduced the total loss from 1.24068 to 0.41616. Compared to expert demonstrations, the accuracy was approximately 86.4%, and the proposed method achieved 920 points and 1200 points more than the comparison model to verify generalization.


[Purpose] To investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes and risk of digestive system cancer. [Methods] The articles of association between type 2 diabetes and the risk of digestive system cancer from the cohort studies form Medline,Embase and Web of Science before October 2012 were selected. A Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled relative risks(RR) by R software and its Meta package. [Results] A total of 41 articles were included in the Meta-analysis. In total,the pooled relative risk(RR) for digestive system cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes was 1.52(95%CI:1.40~1.66) compared to those non-diabetes. The results showed significantly increased risks for the common cancer sites of digestive system such as liver,esophagus,stomach,pancreas,colorectum and colon with the pooled RRs of 1.79(95%CI :1.61~1.99),1.16(95%CI:1.07~1.27),1.34(95%CI:1.11~1.61),1.56(95%CI:1.49~1.64),1.32(95%CI:1.23~1.40) and 1.24(95%CI:1.15~1.33),respectively. Besides,a non-significant pooled RR of1.07(95%CI:0.91~1.25) was also estimated for type 2 diabetes and the risk of rectum cancer.[Conclusion] Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of digestive system cancer,and might be one of the risk factors for cancers of liver,esophagus,stomach,pancreas,and colon.


Samples of Co clusters embedded in a carbon fiber matrix have been prepared using a heat-treatment method of cellulose fibers with ion-absorbed cobalt cations. Depending on the heat-treatment temperature used, different cluster sizes have been obtained, ranging from superparamagnetic clusters (average size 10 nm) to ferromagnetic nanoparticles (size between 30 and 200 nm). The formation of graphite planes surrounding the nanoparticles has been observed.


OBJECTIVE
Examine whether the relation between protective parenting responses to pain and functional disability is mediated by pain catastrophizing in adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain and their parents over time.

METHODS
Adolescents aged 11-18 years and their parents reported on parental protective responses to pain (PPRP), pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), and Functional Disability Inventory (FDI) before Time 1 (T1) and 2 months after Time 2 (T2) an initial interdisciplinary pain clinic evaluation.

RESULTS
PCS was a significant mediator of the PPRP-FDI relationship at T1 and T2 for the adolescents and T2 for their parents. A decrease in PPRP over time was associated with T2 PCS, which in turn was associated with T2 FDI for adolescents and their parents.

CONCLUSION
Parental protectiveness is associated with disability indirectly through pain catastrophizing at the initial visit and follow-up. Decreases in parent protectiveness, potentially initiated through the initial evaluation, were related to lower levels of disability at follow-up through pain catastrophizing.


As part of the Study Program of I. G. Y., we hav e prepared an observation of whistling atmospherics. Since Jan. 1956. continuous observations of whistlers have been made at Toyokawa ( geomagnetic latitud e 24. 5°). Simultaneous observations at T oyokawa and Wakkanai (geomagnetic latitude 35. 3°) were made for one month beginning 13 July 1956. The results obtained in the analysis of th e dispersion of whi s tlers were essentially similar to those reported by Stor ey. But , at Toyokawa, long whistlers, whistler trains and whistler pairs have not been observed , only short w hist lers being observed. The greater part of the observed whistlers occurred in winter; in other seasons it was scarcel y poss ible to detect them. At Wakkanai , long whistle rs and whistler pairs have been observed this summer, but whistler trains have not been observed during this period.


Non-conductive graphene oxide (GO) particles (70% carbon, 30% oxygen) synthesized directly from inexpensive graphite powders are hydrophilic and can be dispersed homogeneously in water based solutions. In this study, thin film electrode traces are produced from a GO aqueous suspension using a commercially available inkjet printer. Once deposited on the functionalized substrate the printed film is thermally annealed to remove excess water and harden the material. The electrical conductivity of the high resistance (>10MΩ) annealed film is increased through the removal of oxygen molecules using a focused 775nm, 120fs pulsed laser. The electrical properties of select target areas on the thermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film can be tuned by adjusting the laser power, material feed rate, and the number of passes that the beam makes over the target surface. Experiments demonstrate that the rGO trace can be modified over a wide range of sheet resistance values (1MΩ to 2kΩ) for a ~1μm thick film. The proposed fabrication method can also be used to create a variety of resistive and semiconductor components on printed thin films, conductive electrodes and micro-circuit traces.


www.uottawa.ca/print Imprime par / printed by: Evaluation of current health advisory letters to identify optimal characteristics and improve regulatory policy. Simon Parlow BSc1, Matthew Hogel PhD2, Margaret Watson PhD MSc BSc (Hons) MRPharmS3, Donald Mattison MD1,4, and Lise Bjerre MD, PhD, MCFP1,2 1University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; 2Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; 3University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; 4Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.


Identical components are considered, which become obsolete once new-type ones are available, more reliable and less energy consuming. We envision different possible replacement strategies for the old-type components by the new-type ones: purely preventive, purely corrective and different mixtures of both types of strategies. To evaluate the respective value of each possible strategy, a cost function is considered, which takes into account replacement costs, with economical dependence between simultaneous replacements, and energy consumption (and/or production) cost, with a constant rate per unit time. A full analytical expression is provided for the cost function induced by each possible replacement strategy. The optimal strategy is derived in long-time run. Numerical experiments close the paper.


Background Japanese Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) has important duties to support and reinforce functionally insufficient key disaster hospitals in the large-scale disasters. However, it is difficult for Japanese DMAT to fulfill these duties in the current circumstances, because the DMAT consists of individual institutions and Teams have less experience to work in the other institutions. To resolve the issues, disaster drills for some DMATs which consist of several institutions have been held since 2008. We evaluated the effectiveness of the drills and educational system. Methods Investigation was performed by surveillance questionnaires to 129 participants in the drill (staffs from DMATs, Red Cross and local government, and sham patients). The questionnaires are: A. Was the cooperative medical practice performed smoothly? B. Was the support for hospitals conducted effectively?, C. Was the medical record for wide-area transportation completed? (for our staffs only), D. Was our activity enough? (for participants excluding us), and E. Was the drill beneficial? Results 85 participants including 30 staffs in our institution answered the questionnaires (65.9%). The number of participants who answered 'Yes' was as follows: A. 48 (56.5%), B. 64 (75.3%), C. 8 (26.7%), D. 44 (83.0%) and E. 81 (95.3%). Discussion Although the cooperative medical practice was not so smooth, it was recognized that members in DMATs got mutual trust by their high knowledge and skills. And it was suggested that DMAT could not command and control the hospital staffs without their understanding the equipments and documentations used by DMAT. And it is ideal to change the mindset of hospital top managements towards the disaster medicine through the repeated drills. Conclusion The repeated disaster drills at the local area is essential to make DMAT function sufficiently.


The invention discloses a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and a culture method and an application thereof. The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus is called as coronaviridae coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus GDSJ/2012, is preserved in China center for type culture collection on May 15th, 2013, and has the preservation number of CCTCC NO:V201309. The culture of the virus strain requires a serum-free DMEM culture solution containing trypsin and magnesium chloride. The virus strain can be used for preparation of a PEDV diagnostic kit and a PEDV vaccine, has good immunogenicity, and can make up for the deficiency of few conventional vaccine types.


Numerical simulations of the crack propagation in homogeneous poroelastic media reveal a stepwise propagation for both Mode I and Mode II [1]. The tracing of the simulated flow across the crack and the simulated pressure before and after a propagation step demonstrates that a consolidation process occurs between each step of propagation. Introduction 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering


ABSTRACT The gene cluster composed of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 9 (ORF9) to ORF12 encodes four putative tegument proteins and is highly conserved in most alphaherpesviruses. In these experiments, the genes within this cluster were deleted from the VZV parent Oka (POKA) individually or in combination, and the consequences for VZV replication were evaluated with cultured cells in vitro and with human skin xenografts in SCID mice in vivo. As has been reported for ORF10, ORF11 and ORF12 were dispensable for VZV replication in melanoma and human embryonic fibroblast cells. In contrast, deletion of ORF9 was incompatible with the recovery of infectious virus. ORF9 localized to the virion tegument and formed complexes with glycoprotein E, which is an essential protein, in VZV-infected cells. Recombinants lacking ORF10 and ORF11 (POKAΔ10/11), ORF11 and ORF12 (POKAΔ11/12), or ORF10, ORF11 and ORF12 (POKAΔ10/11/12) were viable in cultured cells. Their growth kinetics did not differ from those of POKA, and nucleocapsid formation and virion assembly were not disrupted. In addition, these deletion mutants showed no differences compared to POKA in infectivity levels for primary human tonsil T cells. Deletion of ORF12 had no effect on skin infection, whereas replication of POKAΔ11, POKAΔ10/11, and POKAΔ11/12 was severely reduced, and no virus was recovered from skin xenografts inoculated with POKAΔ10/11/12. These results indicate that with the exception of ORF9, the individual genes within the ORF9-to-ORF12 gene cluster are dispensable and can be deleted simultaneously without any apparent effect on VZV replication in vitro but that the ORF10-to-ORF12 cluster is essential for VZV virulence in skin in vivo.


DOI: 10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.7.12 Abstract: Shaykh "Uthman bin Foduye (1754-1817) was born and raised in Hausaland (presently Northern Nigeria) where the inhabitants lived in a darkness of ignorance about Islam. The aim of writing this paper is to analyse the struggle of Shaykh "Uthman bin Foduye in Hausaland when he wanted to reform people"s attitude towards Islamic Faith. Firstly it starts by briefing the biography of Shaykh "Uthman bin Foduye, it also discusses the situation and activities of people in Gobir Kingdom before and after the reformation of Shaykh "Uthman bin Foduye. Then the paper underlines the approaches of Shaykh "Uthman bin Foduye in reforming the Faith and Social Vices among the people in Gobir Kingdom. The method used in this research is analytical method. The paper ends by conclusion and some recommendations which if well used Hausaland will be turn to a land of peace and prosperity.


The preparation of a simple unsubstituted quinquedentate macrocycle incorporating a 2,2′: 6′,2″-terpyridine moiety by a transient template reaction is described. The cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper (II), and zinc(II) complexes of the ligand are described, as is the oxidation–reduction chemistry of these compounds. E.s.r. studies indicate that pentagonal-bipyramidal complexes, with solvent molecules occupying the axial sites, are formed.


As technology moves towards more advanced nodes, the complexity of VLSI designs continues to grow and unexpected designs in physical layout push the process limits. In the beginning of a new technology node development there are not enough real design chips with complex structures and it is hard for foundries to comprehensively verify their process capabilities. It is necessary for foundries to generate a comprehensive set of test patterns to co-optimize the design rule manual (DRM) and manufacturing process. Furthermore, as the technology goes into an accelerated yield ramp phase, we need to find the potential process weak-points and identify the gaps between the design rules and the process. This paper will present a novel methodology to enumerate initial test patterns based on other technology node products. With this novel methodology, DRM development and process capability verification can be sped up rapidly in comparison to a more traditional way. At the same time, the process weak-point signatures can be migrated from the older technology nodes to the new technology node for verification. This methodology will help foundries catch process detractor patterns at new technology early development stage.


Objective: This study aimed to describe the demands and costs from chronic pain patients over the private Brazilian healthcare system. Methods: This was a retrospective claim database study to assess the resource utilization of pain patients in the private setting. We used a four-year follow-up period to assess inpatient, outpatient, and procedures reported. Further, we promoted a forum of discussion with five pain experts and healthcare managers to address the management of chronic pain and assistance models.Results: We identified 79,689 patients with chronic pain. The orthopedist was the main medical specialist consulted with a total number of 38,879 visits performed. The ophthalmologist, cardiologist, gynecologist, and general practitioner were also frequently consulted (rheumatologist was seldom consulted). Among non-medical specialists, the physical therapist was consulted 87,574 times by 12,342 patients (15% of the entire cohort), Among chronic pain patients, 96% performed at least one exam and 86% of the patients presented at least one ER visit during the follow-up period. In 4 years, we estimate that pain patients costed more than 3 billion reais to the private health care system. According to the experts' opinions, a fragmented healthcare system and the lack of patient centered interdisciplinary approaches contributes to a high ineffective pain management leading to a high use of resources. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to change the chronic pain care model in the Brazilian private setting. Qualification in pain management, a multidisciplinary patient centered care, integrated approaches, pain centers, and patients' education may help changing this scenario.


Phase transitions in ferroelectric materials are always accompanied by mechanical property variations; thus, besides the dielectric measurement, the measurement of mechanical properties can also be used to study the phase transition process in ferroelectrics. In this work, the temperature-dependent Young's modulus, shear modulus, and the related internal frictions of unpoled and poled lead titanate zirconate (PZT) ceramics (including soft PZT-5H and hard PZT-4) were comparatively measured at tens of kilohertz by using a modified piezoelectric ultrasonic composite oscillator technique (M-PUCOT). It is found that for the unpoled and poled PZT ceramics at Curie temperature (190 °C for PZT-5H and 330 °C for PZT-4), both moduli reach their local minima and both internal frictions exhibit peaks. Below the Curie temperature, the Young's modulus of the poled PZT is larger than that of the unpoled one, while the tendency of the shear modulus is just the opposite. Above the Curie temperature, both moduli increase quickly and both internal frictions drop quickly, and all the four mechanical parameters of poled PZT coincide with those of the unpoled PZT; they stabilize at about 400 °C for PZT-5H and at about 480 °C for PZT-4. In addition, it is found from the mechanical measurement that poled PZT-5H can be partially depolarized even at 180 °C, slightly below the Curie temperature of 190 °C. The results in this work are very helpful to deeply understand ferroelectric phase transitions, and the M-PUCOT is strongly suggested to measure the temperature-dependent mechanical properties of ferroelectrics.


In this era, people tend to assume that educational background is a string enough as consideration for opportunities, placements, and income of jobs. In fact, nowadays most companies also perceive that a good educational background will automatically bring out the maximum results for the company's performance. This refers to the assumption that the efficiency of workers is determined from the background itself, which also will boost the company's profit from human resources. However, to measure the level of influence of educational background on jobs and income, it needs a test that can map the percentage results accurately. Machine learning is an approach of AI (Artificial Intelligence) that is often used to help human problem solving or perform automation. Machine learning requires data to be studied, then it will classify the data based on how humans distinguish an object. Therefore, to complete the test above, it is necessary to use machine learning, namely KNIME. There are 3 algorithms of KNIME that can solve the above problems, which are Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest. Then, the highest level of algorithm accuracy is Random Forest, with a percentage of 84.9%. The accuracy result shows that the effect of educational background on employment and high income is 84.9%. So, it is true that the effect of educational background is very high. Instead, it is not only determined the high employment and income, yet it is still influenced by 25.1% other factors, such as productivity, work experience, etc.


In this work, eight existing master slave single-edge-triggered flip-flops have been analyzed in 130nm process node. A new master slave single-edge-triggered flip-flop has also been proposed. The proposed flip-flop is compared with the existing flip-flops on the basis of power consumption, propagation delay and power delay product (PDP). Special emphasis has been given to power consumption. The power performance of all flip-flops as a function of supply voltage, clock frequency and data activity has been observed. TSpice results of power consumption show that the proposed flip-flop design excels rival designs for all supply voltages; all clock frequencies and all data patterns. Thus the proposed flip-flop is most power efficient flip-flop. This flip-flop also shows the third shortest delay and the second lowest PDP among all discussed flip-flops. The proposed flip-flop is best suitable for systems where low power and low area is of primary interest within a certain timing budget.


At present there is no evidence that hormonal steroids IUDs or chemical contraceptives can cause cancer. Constant research in this area is necessary. In India where people still fear doctors and where women do not get annual PAP smear tests the cytological check-up could be carried out at family planning clinics. This smear testing could indicate premalignant changes in the cervix especially those which might be caused by an IUD. A high level of cytological technology is a prerequisite.


The purpose of the analyses was to determine whether the pattern of injuries and fatalities sustained by these occupants in 1985, the first year of the law's implementation, differed from a baseline period prior to the law. Based on a comparison of the 1985 actual injury/fatality pattern with the pattern that would have been expected without the law, it is estimated that 220 fewer persons were killed in 1985. In addition, approximately 3,500 fewer occupants sustained serious injuries, 11,400 fewer occupants sustained moderate injuries, and 470 fewer occupants received minor injuries, while the number of uninjured occupants increased by 15,600.


Crystals of a complex of chicken gizzard G-actin and DNase I were soaked in a solution of radioactive 4-hydroxymercuribenzoate (MB). The soaked crystals, which contained 0.93 mol of MB per mol of G-actin, were dissolved in "G-buffer" and digested with trypsin, and the resulting peptides were fractionated by thin-layer chromatography. The MB is exchangeable between peptides that contain cysteine residues, but the data obtained here suggested that MB attached to the cysteine residue at the 373rd position of the G-actin molecule.


ZICO AGUSTIAN RUSDY. Association Pattern between Course Grades and Course Evaluation Score in Computer Science Extension Program using SPADE. Supervised by ANNISA. This study aims to implement the SPADE algorithm to see the associations between some components that trigger course grades and a variety of data collections. Sequential Pattern Discovery using Equivalence Class (SPADE) algorithm is one of the most effective algorithm to determine sequential pattern of data. SPADE has 3 input data to be processed to generate a sequential pattern, i.e., sid, eid, and items. The course becomes the input for sid, the student batch for eid, and value triggers of course grade become such as student grade, EPBM score, previous GPA, and employment status become the inputs for items. This research resulted in event atoms and sequential patterns amongs components that determine the course grade. It was found that 4 batch is the most frequent to outperform the previous batches to achieving better grades, and it has found a close connection between a good lecturers evaluation score and the good course grades.


The development of a target decision system capable of detecting various types of buried dielectric anomalies, such as land mines, under different environmental conditions is addressed. The authors develop a detection and classification scheme for different buried dielectric anomalies. The 2-D extension of a bispectrum method is employed. The feature vectors obtained using this method are used to train and test a three-layer neural network detector. Target detection is based on the shape of the backscattered signals from the anomalies. Detection/classification is performed using a multilayer perceptron neural network. Results of simulations on two types of target are presented.<<ETX>>


Two Solitudes is a novel about separation and unity. In this novel, the conflict between English-speaking Canada and French-speaking Canada is shown explicitly through the conflict between Father Beaubien and Athanase Tallard. Their conflict lies in the following aspect: the religious belief, the attitude towards industrialization and their attitude towards the war. That Hugh MacLennan chooses Two Solitudes as the title of the novel reveals his view that respect and love must characterize the relationship between English and French in Canada. Only love can succeed in bridging the solitudes.


The utility model relates to an intensive bus groove connector, wherein a guard board is fastened on insulating guard boards by a locking bolt, a conductive bar is arranged between the insulating guard boards, and the conductive bar is fixed on the insulating guard boards by an injection mould, a module type fixed pressure plate is arranged between the insulating guard boards, a bus conductor is arranged between conductive bars, and two surfaces of the insulating guard boards are convex-concave structures, the insulating guard boards are concavely and convexly connected, and the conductive bar between the two insulating guard boards are closely absorbed on the insulating guard boards, and the insulating guard boards closely contact through a copper sheet arranged on the insulating guard boards and the conductive bars arranged on a bus bar. The intensive bus groove connector has the advantages that since the insulating guard boards are concavely and convexly connected, the conduct bars between the two insulating guard boards are closely adsorbed on the insulating guard boards, the insulating guard boards closely contact through the copper sheets arranged on the insulating guard boards and the conductive bars on the bus bar. The intensive bus groove connector effectively assures the electric conductors of a bus groove and the conductive bar of the connector to contact more reliably, and avoids the short-circuit phenomenon.


To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kampo therapy based on Goreisan for lower abdominal lymphedema after surgical treatment of endometrial cancer or cervical cancer.


This chapter aims at analyzing the effective teaching methodology for the iGeneration students who learn English as a second language. iGeneration students are the students who are born in between 1995 to 2012. As the iGeneration students are not interested in reading books, there has to be another method which can be used to teach them. This generation of students are using the technology effectively. The teachers who teach English for the students have to adopt a new method. To find out the best method for English language teaching, 150 students were taken for the research. They were divided into three sections namely A, B, and C sections. Each section was taught with different methods. At last, a test was conducted for all the students and marks were awarded for the test. Based on the marks scored by the students, it is found that audio-visual method was effective for learning English language.


The main purpose of this article is to prove the existence of the dark matter based on the scientific discoveries as well as the authors' own theory. The authors theorize that dark matter could make up as much as 90% of the mass in the Universe.


Focusing on the goal of"training innovative talents",this paper made an attempt for teaching reform of Soil Science from teaching content system and teaching methods,to make the teaching of this course better serve the objectives of training innovative talents in engineering field. Seminars and short paper discussion were employed to cultivate students' strong interest in Soil Science. Further,it introduced in-depth case studies in the teaching of Soil Science,in the hope of cultivating innovative talents in engineering field.


In this paper, we consider problems related to the verification of integral thermal radiation spectrum mathematical model for particles of gas-thermal jet used for spraying of protective coatings on technical parts. Previously developed optoelectronic thermal radiation simulator for gas-thermal spraying jet particles has been used and improved to confirm the adequacy of integral thermal radiation spectrum mathematical model to the experimental spectrum, recorded by a linear photodetector at the output of spectrophotometer measuring channel. Simulation of gas-thermal jet particles thermal radiation is provided by a radiator constructed as a group of miniature electric bulbs closely fixed to each other. A temperature distribution histogram of emitting elements is formed by splitting the electric bulbs into subgroups and setting the desired value of electric current for each subgroup, thus providing the desired temperature. The results of simulated experiments confirm the adequacy of integral thermal radiation spectrum model for particle flow.


Impression certainty is higher when the impression is based on a large compared to a small amount of information. Because set size. impression extremity. and certainty have been completely confounded in past research. it has been impossible to determine whether the certainty results have been due to the direct cue effects of set size or to the extremity of the overall impression. Extremity effects are shown to significantly affect certainty when set size and semantic content are held constant. the of significance were found for both replications. so they '~er(: combined for all analyses.


Trifolium polymorphum is an amphicarpic species that grows in Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Chile. Underground flowers are cleistogamous, obligately autogamous and morphologically highly modified in structure and function. Aerial flowers are chasmogamous, and as mentioned in earlier literature, either allogamous or autogamous. The aim of this study is to identify flower characteristics that facilitate or prevent autogamous or allogamous processes. Floral phenology stages are thus studied in correlation with estimated models of aerial flower development, pollen viability and stigmatic receptivity in three Uruguayan T. polymorphum populations. Flower longevity and development (length, width, and anther-stigma distance), anthesis and anther dehiscence initiation, pollen viability and stigmatic receptivity are the variables correlated with floral phenology. Morphological characteristics of aerial flowers favor autogamy processes - even in pre-anthesis - but phenological characteristics tend to prevent it. The most important reproductive events occurring during flower development, that facilitate autogamous or allogamous processes, are discussed here.


The deepening of the debt crisis in the euro area is due to three systemic causes which national governments are not able to overcome on their own. First, being members of a monetary union euro states cannot dampen or even reverse the rise in public debt through devaluations. At the same time, they have no access to funds from a national central bank. Second, under ?finance-capitalistic? framework conditions, speculators systematically exploit and strengthen the fiscal troubles in the weakest countries by driving up CDS premia and interest rates to unsustainable levels. This development might transform a liquidity crisis into a solvency crisis. Third, these speculative activities widen the interest rate differentials within the euro area drastically thereby endangering the economic and political cohesion of the EMU and even of the EU. A systemic solution which restores the primacy of politics over speculation needs to stabilize interest rates for all euro countries. It is proposed to transform the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) into an agency for financing euro states, the European Monetary Fund (EMF). It would provide governments with financial means by selling Eurobonds. These bonds are guaranteed by all euro countries to an unlimited extent. The EMF would stabilize Eurobond interest rates at a level slightly below the level of medium-term economic growth (in nominal terms). The Eurobonds are held by investors with the EMF, they are not tradable but can be liquidated at any time. The EMF helps to restore sound public finances in euro countries in close cooperation with the ECB, the European Commission and national governments. To this end, the EMF provides funds for the euro states according to clear criteria (?conditionality?) which are not exclusively restrictive. JEL Classification: E000, F330, G280.


In new century,media pay attention to the rural female.Printing in the context of rural female image highlights the ethical value,audio-visual rethinking in the context of rural female image highlights of The Times and entertaining.Two kinds of media bowed,adopt "overlooking" angle and tendentious gender perspective,to escape "stereotypes" shape.


Prevent corrosion of the conductive particles and the tabs (tab) of the electrode wire and the contact, and maintain the power generation efficiency. A plurality of photovoltaic cells (2), a solar battery cell (2) surface and the adjacent solar cells (2) electrically conductive adhesive containing conductive particles (23) onto each formed electrode (11, 13) on the back surface of which the 17 is the bonding through, the surface is connected to the surface or electrode of the tap line (3) (11 of the tap line (3) provided, and the conductive particles 23, the connecting the plurality between the solar battery cells (2), 13) it consists of at least one conductor of the same kind of the conductor constituting the.


To meet new Department of Defense (DoD) energy standards, buildings are being constructed, and existing buildings are being retrofitted with tighter envelops. These new standards can reduce operational costs significantly but also limit fresh outdoor air coming into the built environments. This can result in the accumulation of harmful substances within buildings, which can have adverse effects on its occupants. New photocatalytic coatings may be a solution to this ever-increasing problem as they have the ability to destroy both chemical and biological toxins when activated with light. This work evaluated a novel indoor-light-reactive photocatalytic coating for its ability to eliminate or reduce microbial contamination un-der in situ test conditions. However, air and surface sampling revealed no reduction in either viable fungi and bacteria or total airborne mold spores. Additionally, no significant differentiation could be made in the composition of volatile organics between the treated and untreated areas. How-ever, testing the photocatalytic activity of the coating with standardized test methods and increased illumination, revealed the coating did exhibit antimicrobial activity against mold, bacteria, and viruses. This suggested that there may be limited benefit to using the indoor-light-reactive photocatalytic coating to inhibit microbial contamination unless specific lighting conditions can be met.


225 Background: Healthcare costs continue to rise. Identifying areas for healthcare utilization savings may be useful in reducing costs. The goal of this pilot study was to identify oncologic patients who remained in the hospital to receive radiotherapy treatment with the purpose of measuring length of stay (LOS) and charges associated with delivering inpatient radiation.

METHODS
Between July 1, 2013 and July 31, 2013 patients receiving inpatient radiation were identified. Actual LOS and end of acuity LOS were determined from the chart review. Expected LOS was calculated using the UHC database. Charges associated with actual LOS, end of acuity LOS and expected LOS were then reported. Comparisons of the actual and expected LOS were made between the radiation and non-radiation cohorts.

RESULTS
Seven patients were identified as remaining in the hospital to receive radiation treatment. There were 50 solid oncology patients admitted during July 2013 that did not receive radiation therapy. The seven patient cohort accounted in total for 281 days of hospitalization, with an average of 40.1 (+/-43.3) days per patient. The end of acuity LOS averaged 25.6 (+/-42.8) days per patient. The mean LOS attributed to radiation alone was 10.7 days. In contrast, the actual LOS for the 50 patients admitted to the solid tumor oncology service without radiation treatment, was 6.7 +/-4.9 days. The patients receiving radiation had a statistically significant longer actual LOS 40.1 vs 6.7 days (p<0.0001). The expected LOS for patients who received radiation was on average 7.7 days versus 5.2 days in the cohort that did not receive radiation, (p=0.0098). In the radiation cohort, the charges associated with the actual LOS per patient, end of acuity LOS per patient and expected LOS per patient were respectively $48,724, $34,089 and $10,028. The charges attributed to radiation alone amounted to $12,514 per patient.

CONCLUSIONS
Delivery of radiation therapy during inpatient hospitalization extends LOS and contributes to higher healthcare costs. Methods to address this issue may result in cost savings.


The increase of air turbidity in fog and haze weather is not conducive to the accurate extraction of image feature information of important salient targets such as vehicles and pedestrians, nor is it conducive for drivers to make correct judgment on the road environment ahead of their vision. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved FT algorithm in fog and haze weather. This algorithm firstly uses the Retinex algorithm to remove fog and haze and restore color of fog and haze weather images, then uses FT algorithm to detect the saliency of the target, and finally completes the simulation based on MATLAB platform. It can be seen from the simulation results that the improved FT algorithm is significantly better than the effect of using the traditional FT algorithm, which means that the improved FT algorithm has a better role in helping drivers to detect road salient targets in fog and haze weather. And this improvement has a strong practical value for reducing the incidence of traffic accidents in fog and haze weather.


Aims. Despite extensive studies carried out since its discovery half a century ago, the nature of supergranulation remains an open question in solar physics. Separability of flow models is a common assumption made in the literature to shed light on the properties of supergranules. This paper studies the ability of separable mass-conserving flow models to reproduce photospheric observations from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft corresponding to an average supergranule.
Methods. For a steady mass-conserving separable flow model to be compatible with the observations, there is an integral relation between the horizontal and vertical components of the flow. We test this relation directly on observations and compare the results with the proportionality relationship for a separable model.
Results. Observations of an average supergranule do not satisfy the condition for separability. Selecting a narrower range of horizontal scales of supergranules when performing the average does not change this result. Separable models are not consistent with observations of an average supergranule.


Objective To investigate the feasibility and ultrapro hernia system(UHS) in the cremaster muscle treatment of youth type Ⅲ inguinal hernia.Methods From January 2010 to March 2013,A total of 22 cases of youth human type Ⅲ inguinal hernia in situ under UHS were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed.Results The operation was successful.The operation time lasted 50 to 65 minutes with a mean of 56.6 minutes.The patients were followed up from 3 to 30 months with a mean of 14.5 months without any recurrence.The sex activities were normal without testicular atrophy and painful ejaculation.Two cases were found with testicular droop,12 cases with cremasteric reflex,8 cases with decreased reflex and 2 cases with reflex.Conclusions Cremaster muscle inguinal hernia under UHS is safe and feasible,which can reduce the impact on the reproductive organs and functions.