Abstract Viluceras is proposed as a new subgenus of Olcostephanus to accommodate a distinctive Argentinian Lower Cretaceous (Upper Valanginian) ammonite fauna originally assigned to the boreal genus Simbirskites and subsequently placed in Lemurostephanus . Based on extensive new collections from eight localities in the Neuquen Basin, three Viluceras species are described, including O. (Viluceras) duraznoensis sp. nov. With them occur rare O. (Olcostephanus) mingrammi (Leanza). The fauna characterises the Olcostephanus (Viluceras) permolestus Subzone, which may correlate approximately with the Himantoceras trinodosum Zone of the West Mediterranean Province.


Mutual intercultural relations between the dominant population and representatives of ethnic minorities or migrants have been studied in sufficient detail by both foreign and Russian researchers. However, some minorities have a special status and are referred to by Russian researchers as 'indigenized' ones. Armenians belong to such ethnic groups. In this regard, it is of interest to study the mutual intercultural relations between representatives of the ethnic majority and Armenians as an indigenized ethnic minority. This study was conducted in the context of J. Berry's ecocultural approach. The purpose of the study was to test three hypotheses of intercultural relations (multiculturalism, contact and integration). The sample included Russians ( N = 198; men - 50%; M age = 19.7) and Armenians ( N = 186, men - 43%, M age = 23.3) from the Krasnodar territory, the total sample N = 388. The research methods included scales from the MIRIPS questionnaire adapted to the Russian sample. Using structural equation modeling, the results indicating that the perceived security of the Russian and Armenian respondents predicted their attitudes to support a multicultural ideology were obtained; for the Armenians, this was also positively associated with the integration strategy and negatively associated with the assimilation attitudes. Intercultural friendly contacts among Russians and Armenians were positively associated with ethnic tolerance; however, among the Armenians they were also associated with the integration and assimilation strategies. The Armenians' preference for the separation strategy predicted their life satisfaction; for the Russians, however, their expectation of the Armenians' separation did not contribute to their self-esteem. In general, the results of the study had shown that the perceived security and especially intensive intercultural friendly contacts lead to the mutual integration of the non-indigenous ethnic minority and the ethnic majority. The historically determined features of the Krasnodar territory, multiculturalism and multiconfessionalism, as well as the absence of assimilation imposed by the ethnic majority, are important conditions for the successful mutual acculturation of the Russians and representatives of the 'indigenized ethnic minority', i.e., the Armenians of the Kuban.


This paper is aimed at exploring the strength allocation strategy on multiplex network from the perspective of graph theory. Assuming the topology and the sum of strength are fixed, distributing couplings strength with different numerical value to enhance synchronizability. Compared with average distribution and degree distribution, allocation referred to graph comparison method is more comprehensive and high-performance. Numerical examples for physical multiplex network are also provided to confirm the effectiveness.


The infrared and Raman spectra of 5-methyl-2-thiocytosine and its oxygen analogue in the solid state were recorded in the range 4000–200 cm−1. Normal coordinate calculations were performed for these compounds using a simple Urey-Bradley force field for the in-plane vibrations and a valence force field for the out-of-plane vibrations of the planar skeleton. The assignments of the vibrational fundamentals were made on the basis of normal coordinate calculations and the frequency shifts of bands on N-deuteriation, The assignments are discussed in relation to vibrational assignments of some related molecules.


The basic possibility of creating new efficient and environmentally friendly water-heating devices operating in accordance with the principle of direct complete catalytic oxidation of natural gas is shown. New heat conducting porous-metal catalysts have been developed for its realization; the construction of a 25-kW heating element has been created and tested, and on its basis, a pilot hot-water boiler using natural gas as the fuel has been made.


At the heart of this thesis are Prempeh College, a secondary school erected in Kumasi (historical capital of Asante) in 1949, and the circumstances Of chiefs' status, prestige, and education. Since the beginning of the 20th century, when Asante was incorporated into the British Enipire through 'indirect-rule', chiefs' struggle for their status within the coexistence Of 'indirect-rule' system and pre-colonial orders was intensified. Since late 1940s, chiefs in the Gold Coast Colony and Ashanti were confronted with the attacks of so-called 'educated commoners'. In addition to those political contexts, the situation of education during late 1940s was characteristic in a sense that 'modern' 'rational' development of colonies was perceived is realizable and scientific and industrial education was introduced with the financial support of the colonial Government and the metropole. Prempeh College, in those contests, represented diverse intentions of chiefs, education officers and the Education department of the Gold Coast Colony. Meanwhile, since the 1950s, Prempeh College enhanced its prestige by turning out influential talents. At the same time, its alumni network has crucially contributed to the construction of a new nexus among chiefs and chiefly elites.


THE TERM "pharmacokinetics" was introduced by Dost in 1953 and the first English-language review article on the subject, authored by Eino Nelson, was published in 1961. Clinical pharmacokinetics evolved in the 1960s; the first symposium in the US on clinical pharmacokinetics was held and published in 1974,2and the journal Clinical Pharmacokinetics appeared in 1976. However, the principles of clinical pharmacokinetics were enunciated much earlier by a man whose name is not generally associated with this discipline. He is known to most of us, or at least to those who learned analytical chemistry before the introduction of HPLC, as the codeveloper of a widely used colorimetric method for the determination of sulfonamide concentrations in plasma and other biologic fluids, the BrattonMarshall assay, published in 1939.3Exposition of the career of E.K. Marshall, Jr., PhD., MD., and its relevance to clinical pharmacokinetics provides more than an interesting historical vignette-it can help focus our attention on the future direction of the discipline in the context of rational pharmacotherapy. Eli Kennerly Marshall, Jr. (1889-1966), received the Ph.D. degree in organic chemistry from Johns Hopkins University in 1911, and then joined the Department of Physiological Chemistry at Johns Hopkins University Medical School, where he soon developed a method for the determination of urea in biologic fluids." The great pharmacologist John J. Abel, MD., Ph.B., then attracted Marshall to the Department of Pharmacology at Johns Hopkins University and convinced him to obtain medical training. Marshall received the M.D. degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1917.s After a short stay at Washington University in St. Louis, Marshall returned to Johns Hopkins University as Chairman of the Department of Physiology. There he made a major discovery, which brought him into conflict with some of the leading renal physiologists of his time: he reported in 1923 that the convoluted tubules of the kidney are capable of secreting certain endoge-


Cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) – more commonly known as Alabama rot – was first reported in the UK in 2012. Since then cases have been reported annually.

The prognosis for dogs that contract CRGV is not good, mortality is high, often reported at 100 per cent.1 Even though some small success in treatment has been seen recently,2 it remains a serious disease with a poor outcome.

The aetiology of the disease remains a mystery. However, the lesions seen in cases are consistent with a thrombotic microangiopathy …


Coronary stent implantation is one of the most important procedures to treating coronary artery disease such atherosclerosis. Due to its efficiency, flexibility and simplicity, the use of coronary stents procedures has increased rapidly. In order to have better output of stent implantation, it is needed to analyze the biomechanical behavior of this device before manufacturing and utilizing. Finite element method is one of the most effective methods to investigate biomechanical behavior of the stent. The objective of this research work is to investigate expansion characteristics of coronary stent for diverse materials, such as PEEK 450G, Magnesium AZ31 and CobaltChromium L605. The results demonstrate the radial displacement, dogbone ratio, foreshortening, and flexibility of diverse materials.


A meta-analysis was conducted to determine if there were individual differences in the ability to detect deception. On the basis of 108 studies covering 16,537 subjects, the results indicated that confidence (r = .05, K = 58, N = 6,315), age (r = -.03, K = 72, N = 2,025), experience (r = -.08, K = 13, N = 1,163), education (r = .03, K = 4, N = 522), and sex (d = -.03, K = 53, N = 6,023) were not significantly related to accuracy in detecting deception. The study also found that "professional lie catchers" such as police officers, detectives, judges, and psychologists (M = 55.51%, N = 2,685) were no more accurate at detecting deception than were students and other citizens (M = 54.22%, N = 11,647). There were not enough available studies to investigate the relationship between personality dimensions and accuracy in detecting deception. This article is eligible for CE credit in the following categories: CFC, CMI, ACFEI, APA, NBCC. See page 3 for a key to these CE abbreviations and complete CE approval statements.


Nonchemical high-pressure steam treatments have been intensively researched and commercialized to produce chemical-free wood products with enhanced properties. However, the utilization of high-pressure steam involves vapor-phase reactions using high-temperature steam generated at the expense of high energy input. In this research, influences of reaction media (steam and hot-compressed water) and temperature (100°C and 140°C) during thermal treatment on physical properties and drying behavior of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) heartwood were compared. The length, width, and thickness of the samples were 22.53 mm, 17.18 mm, and 16.72 mm, respectively. After the treatment, the samples were dried under an isothermal temperature condition of 105°C. Data on moisture content and time of drying from drying experiments were fitted with unsteady-state molecular transport equations to calculate overall liquid diffusion coefficients. Dimensions, weight, and true volume of samples were measured for green, thermally treated, and dried samples and the values were used to calculate selected physical characteristics. Additionally, selected mechanical properties were evaluated for samples conditioned to 13 percent moisture content. Results showed that intensified hot-compressed water-treated and control samples had the highest and lowest saturated moisture contents (101% and 44%), respectively, immediately after treatments. Intensified steam-treated and control samples had the highest and lowest total porosity (95% and 82%), respectively. Furthermore, mild hot-compressed water-treated samples showed the greatest compression strength (47.8 MPa) at 13 percent moisture content. Except for steam treatment at 140°C, other treatments significantly decreased the diffusion coefficient. Collectively, samples treated with hot-compressed water at 100°C showed the most improved mechanical properties.


Historically the current Korean Civil Code has been succeeded by European Civil Codes, especially the German and French Civil Code through Japan. In aspect of non-performance and torts liability, Korea has imported general provisions, articles 390 and 750 of the Korean Civil Code from the French Civil Code. In the meanwhile the drafters had not enough time to make the Korean Civil Code, due to historical incidents. Therefore, there have been new provisions in the present Korean Civil Code for which interpretations have been difficult, because they had not been in the earlier Korean Civil Code. One of these controversial provisions is article 763 of the Korean Civil Code, by which the article 393 (Scope of Damages in Non-performance) may be applicable by mutatis mutandis to tort claims. In this regard, drafters of the Korean Civil Code had attempted to treat the scope of tort damages as same as that of breach of contracts. However the provision which has treated scope of tort damages as same as that of non-performance, like the article 763 has hardly found in any other comparative laws. Therefore there have been controversies such as pros and cons of the current article 763. In this aspect, this author attempts to examine where the article 763 of the Korean Civil Code had come from in legal historical and comparative perspectives. This article has mainly six parts. In II, this author attempts to look into comparative examples of article 763 of the Korean Civil Code, and then explains the historical origin of the controversial provision. In III, this author studies English Hadley v. Baxendale case, which has influenced the foreseeability rule in breach of contract world-widely. In IV, this author examines American Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad case, which may be a historical starting point for the foreseeability rule of torts. In V, this author reviews provisions of foreseeability rules in American Restatements (Second and Third) of Torts. In VI, this author examines foreseeability rule of Principles of European Tort Law and Non- Contractual Liability Arising out of Damage Cause to Another in European perspective. Finally while summarizing foreseeability rules of Hadley, Palsgraf, American Torts Restatements, and European discussions, this author attempts to mention why mutatis mutandis of article 393 in article 763 of the Korean Civil Code may be abrogated and a new provision for scope of torts damages may be necessary.


Objective:To investigate the change of perioperative serum gastrointestinal hormones and visceral protein of patients with laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer.Methods:A total of 70 patients with resection of colorectal cancer in our hospital from July 2011 to October 2013 were selected as the study object,and they were randomly divided into control group(conventional open operation group)and observation group(laparoscopic operation group)by half.Serum gastrointestinal hormones before and after the meal and visceral protein levels of two groups at preoperative 1dand at postoperative 3dand 7d were compared.Results:The serum gastrointestinal hormones before and after the meal and visceral protein related indexes of observation group on the third and seventh day after the operation were significantly higher than the serum results of control group(all P0.05).Conclusions:The influence of laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer on the serum gastrointestinal hormones and visceral protein of patients is relatively smaller,and and the postoperative recovery speed is relatively faster.


Neuromodulatory receptors in presynaptic position have the ability to suppress synaptic transmission for seconds to minutes when fully engaged. This effectively alters the synaptic strength of a connection. Much work on neuromodulation has rested on the assumption that these effects are uniform at every neuron. However, there is considerable evidence to suggest that presynaptic regulation may be in effect synapse-specific. This would define a second "weight modulation" matrix, which reflects presynaptic receptor efficacy at a given site. Here we explore functional consequences of this hypothesis. By analyzing and comparing the weight matrices of networks trained on different aspects of a task, we identify the potential for a low complexity "modulation matrix", which allows switching between differently trained subtasks while retraining general performance characteristics for the task. This means that a given network can adapt itself to different task demands be regulating its release of neuromodulators. Specifically, we suggest that (a) a network can provide optimized responses for related classification tasks without the need to train entirely separate networks and (b) a network can blend a "memory mode" which aims at reproducing memorized patterns and a "novelty mode" which aims to facilitate classification of new patterns. We relate this work to the known effects of neuromodulators on brain-state dependent processing.


One of the most basic issues in Fundamentals of Marketing involves determining what is promotion. This presentation provides a definition of promotion, identifies the three goals of promotion and discusses what stages of the product life cycle these goals are typically featured in.


The effect of structural anisotropy on sliding wear behavior was studied on uniaxially hot-pressed silicon nitride. Frictional coefficient μ and wear rate ΔV/L under a constant load were measured by a pin-on-disk tester. Under low applied load, the abrasion wear was predominant, in which wear tracks were observed in parallel with the sliding direction and the wear rate depended on the applied load. Under high applied load, the wear rate was constant and independent of load. Adhesion behavior was observed on the sliding surface. The applied load, at which the adhesion behavior was observed, depended on the microstructure of silicon nitride. This transition load became low for the specimen in which many pillar-shaped particles were observed.


In this study we report the results of 181 ultrasound‐guided genetic amniocenteses performed at 10–12 weeks of gestation and describe the indication, technical problems, amniotic fluid volume, culture success and timing, abortion and fetal loss rate, and perinatal results. Amniotic fluid was obtained in 98·4 per cent of the cases; at the first attempt, in 167 out of 181. The culture success rate was 94·5 per cent, and the fetal loss rate within 2 weeks was 0·5 per cent (one case with a sonographic abnormality). The total fetal loss rate during pregnancy was 1·6 per cent. A comparison of our data and those of other published series shows no significant differences, either with respect to this period of gestation (10–12 weeks) or with respect to the traditionally called 'early amniocentesis' (12–14 weeks) or conventional amniocentesis (15 weeks or more). The mean culture time was just a few days longer in some of the series, and in some cases, there was also a lower success rate after culture, particularly when amniocentesis was carried out at 10 weeks or less. We conclude that amniocentesis performed at 10–12 weeks is feasible, safe, and easy to perform, and provides a real benefit to the pregnant woman.


This article studies the efficiency of an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm for the solving of electromagnetic optimization problems. A modified version of the ACO for continuous optimization, namely ACOR, is used to solve two benchmark electromagnetic problems referring to the optimization of coils configuration. After choosing the appropriate size of the population of ants, the ACOR algorithm performances are compared with results obtained with other evolutionary computation strategies such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). For one problem ACOR outperforms the variants of the GA and PSO used at all statistical criteria checked, whereas for the other problem ACOR is ranked as the second best after the PSO based algorithm tested.


It has long been a goal of network planners to restructure their networks to reduce or eliminate fixed installations and all the operational difficulties and concerns that go along with them. Optical access networks have been a part of that goal because of their intrinsic long-distance capabilities. In practice, however, the demand for bandwidth has outpaced the supply offered by cost-effective passive optical systems. This has kept most PON deployments at a relatively modest reach (<20km) and split ratio (<32 way). Currently, NG-PON technologies such as 10 Gb/s systems, TDM, WDM, and their hybrids are coming on the scene. These potentially could increase the bandwidth capabilities on a single access fiber to many times what is practical now. The distance capabilities of these systems are also significantly improved, reaching to 60km. This may be the trigger for serious convergence of the inter-office/metro and access networks. This paper will examine the current trends in NG-PON technology, and extrapolate how these will impact the overall telecom network.


ABSTRACT We are currently witnessing unprecedented crises on an international scale linked to synthetic opioid overdose fatalities. While most governments and health policy makers have focused mainly on combating the current crises through harm reduction strategies, little focus has been given to the role and training of future doctors in evidence-based practices of harm reduction and addiction medicine. Therefore, enhancing medical student's training in the implementation of addiction medicine, and the establishment (or expansion) of medical students, residents and post-fellows' community placement—via partnerships with organizations that provide specialized care to patients struggling with mental health and addiction—would strongly improve the health and well-being of marginalized populations.


Prime Minister Abe announced major initiatives to bolster Tokyo's alliance with Manila such as advancing their maritime cooperation, enhancing bilateral economic cooperation, extending a stand-by credit loan for the Philippines' disaster preparedness, and continuous assistance to the Mindanao peace process, among others. Territorial disputes with China were among the regional security challenges confronting the two countries discussed by the two leaders. However, China as an 'existential threat' is not the only pillar of the burgeoning partnership between Japan and the Philippines.


In this chapter, we demonstrate that silica chemistry in combination with the [3+2] Huisgen"s cycloaddition could be used to generate a functional group on the surface of silica nanoparticles which can effectively bind to catalytically active metal ions. To show that we have chosen Au(III) ions as an example. The synthesis and characterization of silica nanoparticles in which Au(III) has been immobilized through a 1,2,3-triazole linkage using an alkynalated picolinic acid exploiting ""click chemistry"" has been discussed. The Au(III) immobilized silica nanoparticles have been thoroughly characterized using FT-IR, 13 C CP MAS NMR and XPS. The utility of these particles as an easily separable catalyst for the Hashmi phenol synthesis is also described.


ABSTRACT This essay examines the reception of F.W.J. Schelling's philosophy in nineteenth-century New England principally through a consideration of three exemplary figures: the Congregationalist James Marsh (1794–1842), the Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882), and the Pragmatist Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914). It shows that although Schelling's influence on these figures was undeniable, it was also mediated, highly attenuated, and generally more selective and impressionistic than critical or scholarly.


The effects of dietary linseed cultivars, traditional (Opal, Omega) or the new Linola cultivar with an increased content of linoleic acid, on the performance and chemical composition of lamb meat and liver were investigated. The animals were fed meadow hay and concentrate. The control group received no linseed in concentrate, whereas the experimental groups received 10% crushed linseed of different cultivars. There was no significant effect of linseed, irrespective of cultivar, on daily weight gains of the lambs, feed conversion, dressing percentage and chemical composition of leg muscle and liver. However, significant (P<0.05) changes were shown in the fatty acid profile of meat and liver.


To create a functionalizable and photopatternable biodegradable polyester, 2-hydroylethyl methacrylate (HEMA) grafted poly(e-caprolactone-co-RS-β-malic acid) (PCLMAc) was synthesized. The ring-opening random copolymerization of e-caprolactone (CL) and RS-β-benzyl malolactonate (MA) using stannous octoate catalyst was systemically studied. The polymers were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, GPC, and DSC. The optimum copolymerization temperature was found to be 130 °C. The proportion of MA in the derived copolymers was lower than that in the feeding dose, a consequence of its lower reactivity. The molecular weight of the copolymers decreased with increasing MA content. During hydrogenolysis, the protective benzyl groups were completely replaced by carboxyl groups resulting in hydrogen bonding in the deprotected copolymers, but some degradation occurred. PCL segments in the copolymers crystallized when the MA content was lower than 16.2 mol %, and the deprotected copolymer had higher crystallinity compared to t...


244 Dear Editor, A 68-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to hospital with disorientation, incomprehensible speech, behavioral disturbances, and slowing in movements, which presented 20 days after exposure to carbon monoxide (CO), causing transient loss of consciousness. His eyes were open spontaneously, he had mutism and severe rigidity in all extremities. The carboxyhemoglobin level was normal in serum. Electroencephalography showed generalized background slowing. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffusion restriction in the subcortical white matter and especially in the bilateral frontal lobes, which were consistent with cytotoxic edema (Figure 1A, 1B). Fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) weighted imaging showed no marked signal changes in these areas (Figure 1C). The rigidity was significantly improved with bromocriptine treatment. Cranial MRI repeated one week later showed increased diffusion restriction in the white matter and signal changes in FLAIR-weighted imaging (Figure 2A, 2B, 2C). MR spectroscopy (MRS) showed an increase in the choline peak, a decrease in the N-acetylaspartate (NAA) peak, and a lactate peak (Figure 3). His state of consciousness evolved into a minimally conscious state and did not improve. Delayed leukoencephalopathy is a rare complication of hypoxic ischemic events, most commonly CO intoxication (1). A biphasic clinical pattern is commonly observed, which consists of full improvement of the initially developed consciousness disturbance, and occurrence of progressive neuropsychiatric deterioration following an interval of 2-40 days (1). The globus pallidus and cerebral white matter are the most frequently affected areas (2). Cranial MRI reveals hyperintense lesions in T2 and FLAIR-weighted imaging, showing confluence without contrast enhancement and a mass effect in the periventricular white matter and centrum semiovale (2). Diffusion restriction without changes in other MRI sequences, as we reported in our patient, is rarely reported in the acute phase (3,4). Persistence of diffusion restriction in the chronic phase suggests progressive demyelination with cytotoxic edema (2). MRS findings such as a lactate peak, increased choline peak, and decreased NAA peak have been reported (2). A lactate peak, which indicates irreversible damage, is related with akinetic mutism (2). As a result, addition of diffusion-weighted images and MRS to conventional MRI sequences can speed up the diagnosis of delayed CO leukoencephalopathy, can make its diagnosis easier, and is important for prognostication. Ethics Informed Consent: Not needed. Peer-review: Internally peer-reviewed.


Abstract We present a memory-based model for context- dependent semantic parsing. Previous approaches focus on enabling the decoder to copy or modify the parse from the previous utterance, assuming there is a dependency between the current and previous parses. In this work, we propose to represent contextual information using an external memory. We learn a context memory controller that manages the memory by maintaining the cumulative meaning of sequential user utterances. We evaluate our approach on three semantic parsing benchmarks. Experimental results show that our model can better process context-dependent information and demonstrates improved performance without using task-specific decoders.


ABSTRACT Medical education assessments are becoming more complex, resulting in the inappropriateness of traditional methods primarily consisting of direct observations, oral examinations, and multiple-choice tests. Advancements in research methods have led to the formation of new modalities, namely performance assessments, which are, on the other hand, always costly in development and implementation. Proposing using the Program Effectiveness and Cost Generalization flow within an assessment context (PRECOG-A), this brief report explores the real financial cost drivers associated with an assessment case in the context of medical education, presents the steps in bridging the effectiveness with its psychometric properties via cost-effectiveness analysis, and evaluates the two-side outcomes for further evaluation decision-making. Referentially providing a framework to investigators and researchers, the illustration of PRECOG-A in this study outlines instructional guidelines for conducting cost-effectiveness analysis in a performance assessment.


Modern military vehicles require a large variety of sensors, actuators, effectors, mechanical and electro-mechanical sub-systems to function and satisfy the ever-growing operational needs. In order to be inducted into a military vehicle, these sub-systems need to fulfil certain standardization criteria. The NATO Generic Vehicle Architecture (NGVA) is such a standard for military vehicles. It proposes an open architecture approach to land vehicle platform design and integration, and standardizes the interfaces and protocols of vehicle sub-systems. NGVA lays down the requirements for a sub-system to be compliant through its Allied Engineering Publications (AEPs) and specifies how Verification and Validation (V&V) of entire NGVA systems can be conducted. In case of a configuration change or integration of new NGVA-compliant sub-systems, a costly re-verification of the whole vehicle is undesired. In order to avoid it, required and intended interactions between the various sub-systems in the vehicle are to be specified which lead to stable vehicle configurations satisfying all the requirements for generic and specific use cases. In this paper, we propose a V&V methodology for NGVA with which the integration of a new sub-system can be verified and validated along with the existing functional sub-systems.


Abstract. The purpose of this application, under Articles 75.6 and 81 of the Code, is to conserve two specific gastropod names Turbo bidens Linnaeus, 1758 (currently Papillifera bidens) and Clausilia incisa Küster, 1876 (currently Cochlodina incisa), by setting aside the neotype designated by Kadolsky (2009) and by fixing the neotype of Helix papillaris Müller, 1774 as neotype for Turbo bidens. This request is in line with Opinion 2176, in which Helix papillaris was regarded as a junior synonym of Turbo bidens.


Performance-based logistics (PBL) represents a strategy for sustaining complex systems following production. Despite several implementations, limited understanding exists regarding PBL and its implications. Research using grounded theory emerged a theoretical framework for PBL. Service dominant logic (SDL) is introduced as a theoretical lens for interpreting the results and understanding how trading partners achieve performance-based outcomes.


Blockchain technology has seen practical application since 2009. However, the suitable selection of blockchain technology for any particular application is currently completed using no standard formalised process with limited understanding of where a particular blockchain is in its development maturity against its peers, or peer sector. Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) offer a common and well known method for identifying the maturity of a technology. However, new TRL definitions have been required to address sector specific requirements. This work addresses these challenges and presents a novel Blockchain Readiness Level (BRL) for identifying the maturity of blockchain technology.


On 14 June 2018, one of the most prominent journalist-activists in Indian Kashmir, Shujaat Bukhari, was murdered by unidentified gunmen. Ironically, Bukhari was a vocal critic of the excesses of the Indian state and military and was allegedly gunned down by a Pakistani militant. Barely three weeks later, the Kashmir Valley was tense yet again, this time over the second anniversary commemoration of the militant Burhan Wani's death in 2016. His militant comrades congregated at his grave and honored him with a gun salute, usually offered to fallen soldiers of the Indian army or those that the state holds in very high esteem. Competing masculinities and militarization have reached a new crescendo as the unending cycle of violence continues to wreak havoc on everyday life in the Kashmir Valley. The reaction to Wani's death, and subsequent protests and killings, marked the reclaiming of indigenous Kashmiri Muslim masculinity, positioned at loggerheads with the Indian state (for more, see Malik and Kazi in this forum). This reclaiming of Kashmiri masculinity has to be understood within the context of the broader gender politics of the region, and especially in direct contestation with militarized masculinity in India since the 2014 election of the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)-led populist government and burgeoning social and political vigilantism of Right Wing conservative groups (Parashar 2018). The 2014 electoral mandate that brought the BJP to power in India is widely understood as part of the global shift to the Right and particularly coinciding with the rise of Hindutva masculinity in India. The Hindutva movement, whose political dividends have been reaped by the currently ruling BJP, has been nurtured by anxieties of postcolonial nation-state building and a crisis of masculinity. India's postcolonial anxiety is (re)produced in popular histories of colonialism and its legacy in public discourses, relived through everyday collective memories. The crisis of masculinity, on the other hand, is


The present paper deals with the plant diversity, physico-chemical status of soil and population structure in different forest types/sub types of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. The paper described the dominant and co-dominant status of tree, herbs, shrubs, climbers, and grasses species along with density, basal area, and population structure and biodiversity index in different forest types / sub types. Differences in the species composition from site to site could be attributed to climate change. The population structure in different forest types/sub types followed three categories viz; Greater proportion of individuals in the lower girth classes in forest types; Gap phase type, having absence of individuals in certain girth classes in forest type; More individuals in sapling stage and absence in higher classes in a forest type. There is a need to develop climate resilient forest management towards balancing the population structure of different species in different forest types / sub types for increasing the forest productivity.


Precipitation of a platinum sol, using an inert electrolyte, in the presence of a semiconductor powder leads to an efficient photocatalyst for the reduction of water.


The crash risk at a roadwork site is about three times the crash risk at any other section of a highway. In other words, work sites are locations where special attention needs to be paid to road safety. This has not been happening in Indonesia. AusAID officials have also expressed concerns for safety at roadwork sites. In particular they are concerned for safety at roadworks on Tohpati-Kusamba Road (Bali) which is being duplicated under the Eastern Indonesia National Road Improvement Project (EINRIP). The Road Safety Engineering Unit (RSEU) carried out an independent road safety audit of EBL-01 and its report was highly critical of safety during the roadwork. These concerns were reinforced more recently by the report of the Technical and Financial Auditor of EINRIP. AusAID responded to these reports by directing that action take place to improve this situation. Consequently it was decided that IndII would fund two 2-day training workshops that would focus on raising the technical knowledge of contractors and consultants working on EINRIP projects. The workshops were on road safety at roadwork sites.


Methanolic extracts of root stocks of Musa paradisiaca L (MEMP) was evaluated for its diuretic activity using modified method of Rao. The animals were grouped into different groups of six animals each. All the animals received priming dose of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (20 ml/kg body weight p.o.). The first group of animals, served as control, received normal saline (20 ml/kg body weight p.o.); the second group received the standard drug furosemide (10 mg/kg body weight p.o.) in 0.9% sodium chloride solution and The other two groups received (MEMP) in a dose of 500 & 250 mg/kg body weight suspended in 0.9% sodium chloride solution (p.o.). The urine volume was recorded for all the groups for 5h. and electrolyte concentration (Na+, K+ and ClA±) were measured. The extracts showed increase in total urine volume and electrolytes excretion (sodium Na+, potassium K+ and chloride ClA±). the metanol extract (500 mg/kg) significantly and markedly increased the urine output (p < 0.01). The pattern of diuresis induced by the methanol extract was almost similar to that produced by the furosemide. These findings suggest the possible traditional use of this plant as diuretics.


In recent years, bioremediation (a method of direct remediation of polluted sites using microorganisms), which had been used mostly as a partial method of cleaning up soil pollution, has been the focus of attention because of its usage also as a method for cleaning up coastal areas that have been polluted by drifting oil that originated mainly from oil tanker accidents. Bioremediation not only has the character of making use of organisms that exist in the natural field and decompose polluting substances, but also has only a slight influence on the ecological system. Moreover, bioremediation's further advantage of being low-cost also gives rise to high expectations, so that its application for cleaning up crude oil that has drifted to the coast can be considered for areas where methods of physical collection would be difficult, or for residual oil left behind in cases when complete removal was unable to be carried out.


This paper discusses the rationale and methods for using a multiple family marathon as a teaching device in the context of an intensive group-supervision family therapy training program conducted by the authors. Procedures used in the marathon are described, as well as how the concept stimulates increased focus on issues common to family therapy and broadens the experience of the students. The effects of the marathon on the students' views of their therapy families and of themselves as family therapists are explored.


A methodology and framework for discipline-specific curriculum development in a local context is described. These activities, as part of the Thailand-Australia Science and Engineering Assistance Project, were in response to a needs analysis for curriculum assistance to a number of publicly-funded Thai universities in the engineering priority area of Materials Processing and Manufacturing. The paper outlines a strategy for the delivery of a centralised curriculum development workshop for academic staff follow-up visits and local curriculum activities with participating universities, and the presentation of technical short courses as guidance for such activity in other settings and/or discipline areas. This paper is part of a process of documentation so that others can apply the developed methodology and framework for curriculum development. While the paper is a report on curriculum activities in a particular setting, it is written in a manner that allows application of the methodology to other settings. The reader is advised that each curriculum activity needs to adopt a methodology and strategy to fit the particular circumstances being considered To assist in applying this approach elsewhere, a description of the various steps in the curriculum process, and typical responses to some of the more global issues, have been presented. Full details are available in the various TASEAP reports prepared by the authors. Specific detail has been omitted where this detail does not provide any information for generalized consumption.


When it is difficult to apply the methodology established in the GUM to calculate uncertainty in a measurement, the Monte Carlo method can be used to find an estimate of uncertainty. In this work, the Monte Carlo methodology was applied to find the uncertainty in luminous flux, when it is measured by means of a far-field goniophotometer. The methodology was applied on three light intensity matrices from three LED sources. The maximum uncertainty found is 1.2 % with a confidence level of approximately 95.5 %. By means of mathematical calculation and simulation it was determined that the distance between the light source and the sensor is the parameter that most influences the uncertainty in luminous flux.


It is a rather sad indictment of Arab politics today that the word democratization has virtually disappeared from research-based literature on the Middle East. Early optimism during the first half of the 1990s that the so-called third and fourth waves of democratization would sweep through the region on their way around the globe, has given way to an acknowledgement that authoritarian modes of rule are more deeply embedded than previously imagined. In the heady days when liberal economic reforms or infitahs seemed to carry with them the promise of political correlates, the field was marked by texts such as Brynen, Korany and Noble's twovolume Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World (1995) and Harik and Sullivan's Privatization and Liberalization in the Middle East (1992). Along with the assumed imminent demise of the Arab state came a new focus on the political potential of society with classics like Richard Norton's Civil Society in the


The online judgment system tests whether the source code can pass the problem's test cases in the programming contests. Users only need to click the submit button on the front-end page, and the system will return the judge results after a certain period. Although there are many online judgment systems for programming contests, there are few online judgment systems for programming teaching and adopting a microservice architecture. This paper aims to design and implement an online judgment system for programming teaching. The system's front-end adopts Vue and Element-Ui framework, and the back-end adopts microservice architecture for development. On the one hand, using the system can improve students' programming ability and teachers' efficiency and accuracy in marking programming assignments. On the other hand, the system has an online contest function, which can hold contests or be used as an examination platform to assess students' actual levels.


Architectural styles have enjoyed widespread popularity in the past few years, and for good reason: they represent the distilled wisdom of many experienced architects and guide less experienced architects in designing their architectures. However, architectural styles employ qualitative reasoning to motivate when and under what conditions they should be used. In this paper we present the concept of an ABAS (Attribute-Based Architectural Style) which include a set of components and connectors along with their topology, but which add to this a quality attribute specific model that provides a method of reasoning about the behavior of component types that interact in the defined pattern. We will define ABASs in this paper, show how they are used, and argue for why this extension to the notion of architectural style is an important step toward creating a true engineering discipline of architectural design.


We extend our previous result (1999) on designing a single-axis Maglev guiding system into a more involved work of designing a dual-axis positioning system. First of all, important issues on how to construct the mechanism of the dual-axis positioning system are addressed, Then, the dynamics of the dual-axis Maglev guiding system are analyzed. According to the derived analytic model, which is subject to unknown system parameters, an adaptive controller that can control the wafer carrier at the desired target point of each axis with full alignment is developed. From the simulation results, good performance of regulation for the guiding-axis and of tracking for the positioning-axis is achieved.


Chlorella is a green eukaryotic microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris). The microscopic cell is spherical, 2–10 µm in diameter. This microalgae is one of the most important and promising for biomass production. Chlorella contains the pool of biologically active substances: about 50% protein (including essential amino acids); a complex of essential unsaturated fatty acids (including Omega-3); vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, E; as well as macro- and micronutrients important for health. This creates the prerequisites for its commercial production for use in medicine, cosmetology and veterinary medicine. Scientists have found that chlorella has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and even wound healing effect due to the presence of this pool of biologically active compounds. Chlorella is cultivated in ponds or bioreactors with specified parameters that create favorable conditions for the growth of chlorella biomass. Each set of conditions creates the prerequisites for changing the growth rate and output of individual products. We studied the influence of the photometric characteristics of the light source on the optical density and, accordingly, the efficiency of growing chlorella. The results of optical density measurements allowed us to note that the largest increase in biomass is observed when using warm white LED lighting (T=2700K).


In vivo T1 measurements are usually made from images. In this paper we describe an alternative method in which data are collected from a strip instead of from an entire plane. We will compare the signal‐to‐noise ratios, the time to make a measurement, and the error in T1 as well as other aspects of the two methods. We have found that the strip method has less inherent signal‐to‐noise, but that this may be compensated for by taking measurements at more than the usual two repetition rates. The method employs a selective 180° pulse as well as a selective 90° pulse. It is shown that both pulses effectively isolate the region of interest. © Academic Press, Inc.


The invention relates to an integrated B-type ultrasonography system with waterproof keys. The system comprises a main unit, a probe, a display and an operating keyboard; the display and the operating keyboard are electrically connected with the main unit. One end of the probe is connected with the main unit through a cable; one end of the cable is connected with a plug; the probe comprises an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic receiver both connected with a control unit; the output end of the ultrasonic receiver is connected with a signal processing unit; the signal processing unit is connected with the main unit through the cable and the plug; the probe is provided with waterproof keys which are connected with both the control unit and the plug, through a switching unit. Compared with the existing B-type ultrasonography apparatus, the system has the advantages that the probe is switched through the waterproof keys on the probe, fewer cables and probes are used, mixing of the cables is avoided, and the cost is lowered; the waterproof keys are dust and water proof, and the service life of the probe is prolonged; the system is simple in structure, convenient to operate and long in service life.


This research aimed to determine how Turkish principals define marginal teachers and which strategies they use to deal with them. Within this purpose, the following points are examined: (a) the concept of marginal teacher, (b) the underlying reasons for marginal teacher behaviors, (c) the problems marginal teachers cause in school settings, (d) the strategies principals use most to deal with marginal teachers, and (e) possible precautions to be taken to deal with marginal teacher behaviors. The study is performed as a qualitative research. The participants in this study are comprised of 18 high school principals from general and vocational high schools from urban and rural regions of Ankara, Turkey. The data required in relation to the aims of the study are gathered through interviews with these principals. The gathered data are analyzed by content analysis method. As can be seen from the findings of the research, school principals defined marginal teachers within three categories. These are; reluctant teachers who do not love their profession but do it due to some economic obligations; incompetent teachers who have weak subject area knowledge and are resistant to professional development and change and difficult teachers who continuously create problems at school due to their personality characteristics or personal problems. The reasons underlying the behaviors of marginally teachers were stated to be teaching profession's gradual loss of status and value, inefficient systems of teacher education and appointment, lack of sanctions imposed in case of poor performance and incompetency and reflection of problems experienced in private life into professional life. Strategies most widely employed by the principals to manage marginal teachers are construction of mutual dialogues, conducting an investigation, overlooking the problem and assigning different tasks to marginal teachers. The most important problems brought about by marginal teachers are deteriorating academic performance of students, their declining interests, attendance and motivation, discontent on the part of parents and negative impacts on other teachers' performance and motivation.


Customising Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software to the enterprise's needs is still a technical endeavour often involving enabling/disabling modules, modifying configuration files, etc. This is quite surprising given the large body of work on Enterprise Modelling and Model-Driven Software Engineering. Ideally, one models one's enterprise and, with a press on a button, the ERP software supporting the enterprise is generated. In this paper, we present a systematic evaluation of Enterprise Modelling approaches for their applicability to automatically generate ERP software supporting an enterprise. Inspired by the work of an ERP vendor, which, next to generating ERP software to support an enterprise, also wants to incorporate the common-sense of an enterprise in the ERP software, we also evaluate Enterprise Ontologies since current Enterprise Modelling languages lack semantics on the instance level. None of the existing approaches are tailored towards automated (ERP) software generation without the need for programming. However, the approaches possess valuable aspects which can aid in the ERP software generation process. Therefore, next to the evaluation, we present take-home points from the approaches, e.,g., reasoning capabilities to make common-sense suggestions when something is not possible.


A new moment distribution method is developed for high rise frames subjected to arbitrary vertical loads based on the conventional moment distribution method, and some examples are presented. Application shows that the present method is convenient for both manual and computer calculation, and that it is unnecessary to divide high rise frames into layers for calculation of inner forces.


Monsoon is an experimental multi-threaded multiprocessor targeted to large-scale, general purpose scientific and symbolic computations. In particular, Monsoon is designed for the efficient execution of code compiled from Id, a high-level, implicitly parallel declarative language. Monsoon is a product of a multiyear cooperative research and development program between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Motorola, Inc., which, in turn is an outgrowth of over ten years of research in dynamic dataflow architectures and languages conducted at MIT. The intent is to provide an overall view of the Monsoon hardware and software system architecture. In addition, the run-time system and emulator are detailed.<<ETX>>


An efficient oxidative esterification of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with simple alcohols was accomplished using catalytic amounts of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) hydrobromide-perbromide as an oxidant in dichloremethane.


In the preceding paper, the results of studies on the preparation, chemical composition and shelf-life of protein foods based on blends of groundnut, Bengal gram, soya and sesame flours and fortified with limiting amino acids, calcium salts and essential vitamins have been reported'. The present paper deals with studies on the amino acid composition and nutritive value of the protein present in the protein foods.


In the article the most meaningful changes are analysed in the Budgetary code of Russian Federation, brought in the Federal law from 26.04.2007 years №63-FZ «About making alteration in the Budgetary code of Russian Federation in part of adjusting of budgetary process and coersion in accordance with the budgetary legislation of Russian Federation of separate legislative acts of Russian Federation».


Objective: To explore the effect of combined duty mode on discovery and control of medical nursing hidden trouble. Method: In order to make sure that patients are in the first place, we should take the mode of combined duty of administrative management, medical treatment and nursing. Results : The incidence of nursing errors and defects reduced, and patients' satisfaction improved. the differences were statistically significant ( P <0.01 or P <0.05). Results: Combined duty can the reduce medical nursing defects, improve the efficiency of quality health care services and the management efficiency.


the set of all graphs with n given labelled vertices and M(n) edges. As usual, we turn &(M(n)) into a probability space by giving all graphs the same probability. The question we address ourselves to is the following. Given a graph H and a constant p, 0 < p < 1, for what functions 31 (n) is it true that the probability PM(n)(H <= G) that a graph Ge^(M(n)) contains H tends to p as w->oo? This question was posed by Erdos and R&iyi (3), (4), who also proved several beautiful and surprising theorems. In order to state the main general result of Erdos and Renyi in this direction, and for our use later, we introduce some definitions. Define the degree of a graph H as d(H) = 2e(H)/\H\, where \H\ denotes the number of vertices of H and e(H) the number of edges. (We use the terminology and notation of (l), to which we also refer the reader for a slow introduction to random graphs.) The maximal subgraph degree of H is defined as m(H) = max {d(F): F <= H). A graph H is said to be balanced ifm(H) = d(H) and it is strictly balanced if d(H) > d(F) for every F <= H, F 4= H. Note that trees, cycles and complete graphs are all strictly balanced. Let H be a balanced graph with k vertices and I ^ 1 edges: d(H) = m(H) = 21/k. Erdos and R6nyi (4) proved that the property of containing H as a subgraph has threshold function ri*~l in the following sense: 0 if lim M{n)/n-W = 0, n-*oo 1 if lim n-W/31(n) = 0. m-*oo


Since battlefield acoustic signal is complicated and fickle,a new battlefield acoustic target identification method was proposed based on wavelet packet feature parameters( WPFC) and hidden Markov model( HMM). The method uses wavelet packet to subtly divide signal's high and low frequency bands so as to obtain wavelet packet coefficients that reflect the battlefield acoustic signal better,by making use of the merits of strong ability of time-varying signals,the hidden Markov models were established as training and recognition models. The simulation results show accuracy and feasibility of the method.


Common fragile sites are chomosomal regions involved in recurrent breaks, which are "expressed" under various physiological stresses, most of them are known to disturb DNA replication. A direct link between fragile sites and emergence of various types of chromosomal rearrangement has been established, even in early stages of tumorigenesis. However, only few genes involved in genome stability at fragile sites have been identified. The aim of this study is to identify new genes involved in the expression of fragile sites and to elucidate molecular processes that affect their stability. We established a cell based system on a mismatch repair deficient background. 20 candidate genes were targeted in this study. We examined the incidence of frameshift mutations in 32 mononucleotide repeats of these genes. 17 frameshift mutations were found. We demonstrate that frameshift mutations affecting coding mononucleotide repeat of ATR, inactivate one of the two alleles leading to formation of breaks at fragile sites. This collection of clones gives us a unique cellular model to study precisely the maintenance of genome stability at fragile sites. Furthermore, we have investigated the effects of the deregulation of the expression of MCPH1/BRIT1 on common fragile site stability. MCPH1/BRIT1 acts as a regulator of both the intra-S and G2/M keckpoints. We show that deregulation of the expression of MCPH1/BRIT1 increase H2AX phosphorylation suggesting the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks. This leads to formation of breaks at fragile sites. These findings demonstrate a critical role for the MCPH1/BRIT1 in regulating chromosome stability, and in particular, common fragile site


For the first time in Ukraine phase IV of the International ISAAC program was realized in Kharkiv Region in 2015–2017. 6330 of questionnaires were distributed. 6146 (97%) of schoolchildren took part in the program. 12.8% of them had respiratory complaints, 13.2% of children at the age from 6 to 7 years, 12.4% of children aged from 13 to 14 years old. A low level of asthma diagnosis in the region was observed. Only 0.5% of children in population were diagnosed with asthma. These results were compared with the data from phase I of ISAAC (V.A. Ognev, 1998) to determine the time course of respiratory symptoms incidence: over the last 19 years the prevalence of respiratory symptoms has decreased by 1.6 times in children of junior school age and by 2 times in adolescents. Significant fluctuations in wheezing prevalence in different districts of Kharkiv Region were revealed: from 5.5% (Barvinkivs'kyi District) to 14% (Derhachivs'kyi District). The study is aimed to improve early diagnosis of asthma in children.


This thesis presents the synthesis, characterization ( 1 H, 13 C NMR, CHN, melting point) and anticancer activity of new methylene-bridged bis-imidazolium salts (1-4) and their respective silver(I)-N-heterocylic carbene (NHC) complexes. All bisimidazolium salts were treated with a basic metal source, silver oxide, via a simple complexation reaction to afford four silver complexes (5-8) in exceptionally good yields (61-71%). The use of silver(I)-NHC complex as NHC transfer reagents was shown to be successful to synthesize palladium(II)-NHC complex (9). All isolated compounds were characterized by spectral and analytical techniques viz., NMR ( 1 H and 13 C) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Molecular structure of three imidazolium salts, two silver complexes and one palladium complex were established through the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. X-ray structural studies for silver complexes established that the structures of each silver complex are comprised of two silver cations sandwiched by two NHC units. The structural analysis of palladium complex 9 show that it is a mononuclear Pd(II) complex, chelated by two units of ligands. All the prepared salts, silver complexes and palladium complexes were non-hygroscopic and showed stability towards air, moisture and heat. The in vitro anticancer activity of all bis-imidazolium salts, silver complexes and palladium complexes were investigated against the human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line, using tamoxifen as standard drug (IC50 = 2.4 μM). The bis-imidazolium salts demonstrated no activity for MCF-7 cell line, except salt 4; showing moderate activity (IC50 = 30 μM). Whereas, all the silver and palladium


In their target article, Rothstein and Talbott (2007) estimate that healthcare providers release as many as 25 million complete medical records a year to employers, insurers and other parties pursu...


Assuming that expenditures are made prior to bidding and are not known by rival bidders,a market game model with expenditures prior to bidding is constructed.Then,the solution to an auxiliary social choice problem is applied to solve the market game.Finally the optimal bid invitation based on bidders′ prior expenditures is derived,which contributes to analyzing the interrelationship between bid invitation and expenditures in an independent private values framework.The result can be used to solve the mechanism design of bid invitation based on expenditures prior to bidding.


The empirical temperature scale of Code, Davis, Bless, and Hanbury Brown has been recalibrated in terms of an ultraviolet color derived from OAO-2 photometry, and mean temperatures have been computed for MK spectral types from O9 to A0. The dereddened color (1910–V)o was chosen as a temperature indicator because it is not strongly affected by lines or continuum edges. This parameter was computed for 16 stars with spectral types earlier than A2, luminosity classes III–V, and normal spectra, whose temperatures had been measured by Code et al. Plotting θeff against (1910–V)o' we obtained the relation θeff = 0.111 (1910–V)o + 0.565. Next, the quantity (1910–V)o was computed for over 150 stars in the same spectral-type range whicn had been observed by OAO-2, and a mean value was obtained for each spectral type. (Class III stars were excluded for types B5 and later because they were found to be systematically redder than classes IV and V — possibly an evolutionary effect.) Finally, the mean values of (1910–V)o were converted to effective temperatures using the formula given above. The resulting temperature scale is in good agreement with the scales of Morton and Adams, Schild, Peterson and Oke, and Code et al. for types B3 and later, but between types B0.5 and B2 the new scale and the Code scale are significantly hotter than the others.


Fatal Catch the twelfth in the popular DI Andy Horton crime series by Pauline Rowson has been published in paperback (28 October 2016) by Severn House Publishers. It is already available in hardcover and as an ebook and on Amazon Kindle.


These studies evaluated the liver function test in diabetic and non diabetic patients. The measuring parameters were fasting blood sugar, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin and globulin. The study was carried out in BIRDEM hospital (Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders). This study investigated a total of 459 diabetic patients and 193 non diabetic individuals to compare the level of liver function tests between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Their ages ranged between 30 and 60 years. The biochemical parameters did not differ significantly between non-diabetic male and female patients. In this study, mean values ofALT (p<0.041),ALP (p<0.001) and total bilirubin (p<0.001) were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in the non diabetic patients. Total protein (p<0.001) and albumin (p<0.007) concentrations in patients were lower compared to non diabetic patients. The mean of serumfasting blood sugar in patients revealed significant difference (P<0.001) in comparison to the non diabetic patients. Overall BMI of diabetic patients were high. Although the differences were statistically significant, the means of ALT, AST, andALPwere falling within the abnormal range.Moreover, 27.66% (127) patients had increased one or more liver enzymes in diabetic patients.


The remaining portion of the Atlantic Forest within the State of Sao Paulo is highly fragmented and most of the remainders are wrapped up in an essentially agricultural mosaic. This study aims at the local surveying of non-volant mammals, including their distribution and relative abundance within the human-altered environments of campus "Luiz de Queiroz", University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, an urbanized area bordered by two highways and the Piracicaba River. The landscape of the study area is characterized by a mosaic of small forest fragments surrounded by pastures, agriculture, and planted forests. Small mammals were captured from February to October, 2001, with an effort of 7056 day-traps, sampling the most representative environments of the campus: planted Eucalyptus (L'Heritier) and Pinus (Shaw) forests, native forest fragment, meadow, rubber tree (Hevea sp.) plantation, agriculture and pasture area. Occurrence of medium and large frame mammals was recorded daily (morning and afternoon) from November of 2000 to October of 2001 along a trail set up to merge the studied environments. Sixteen species of non-volant mammals were recorded, ten of medium or big body-size, and six of small body-size. Capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766)) and coati (Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766)) were the most abundant species.


In the context of new requirements to the system of training of pharmacist in average professional institution the concept and model of the methodical system of problem-integrative training of students to the chemical disciplines have been developed. Peculiarities of the methodological system are: orientation of educational process on the formation both the chemical competencies and elements of general and professional competences, formation of the content of training chemical disciplines on the basis of integration with a content providing disciplines (mathematics, anatomy and physiology of human and other) and provided disciplines (pharmaceutical technology, pharmacology), establishing conditions for experience of resolving integrative problems and other. The methodology of problemintegrative training includes methodology of organizing and managing training chemical disciplines within the classroom and methodology of the organization of the students extracurricular activities. For the implementation of the training methodology we have developed the educational-methodical manual, Bank of educational problems and situational tasks, with the integrative character, monitoring Toolkit, which includes, along with the means of assessment of chemical competences of the students the diagnostic card to identify the level of formation of elements of General and professional competences. Pedagogical experiment has shown the effectiveness of the developed methodical system and methodology.


The premise of this book is that the key to understanding the neural basis of the major mental disorders is an understanding of the origin of five symptom clusters or dimensions common to these disorders. These are reality distortion (hallucinations and delusions); disorganisation (of thought and behaviour); psychomotor poverty and excitation; depression and elation; and anxiety. Thus, …


1Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3Ramathibodi Poison Center and Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 4Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Abstract: The rising of global geriatric population has contributed to increased prevalence of dementia. Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, such as judgment, language, memory, attention and visuospatial ability. Dementia not only has profoundly devastating physical and psychological health outcomes, but it also poses a considerable healthcare expenditure and burdens. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), or so-called anti-dementia medications, have been developed to delay the progression of neurocognitive disorders and to decrease healthcare needs. AChEIs have been widely prescribed in clinical practice for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, which account for 70% of dementia. The rising use of AChEIs results in increased adverse drug reactions (ADRs) such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse effects, resulting from overstimulation of peripheral cholinergic activity and muscarinic receptor activation. Changes in pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacogenetics (PGx), and occurrence of drug interactions are said to be major risk factors of ADRs of AChEIs in this population. To date, comprehensive reviews in ADRs of AChEIs have so far been scarcely studied. Therefore, we aimed to recapitulate and update the diverse aspects of AChEIs, including the mechanisms of action, characteristics and risk factors of ADRs, and preventive strategies of their ADRs. The collation of this knowledge is essential to facilitate efforts to reduce ADRs of AChEIs.


The design procedure for anaerobic ponds is based on calculations of the influent volumetric organic load as a function of temperature and wastewater strength. Hydraulically either a plug flow or a completely mixed model is assumed. However, factors such as sludge sedimentation patterns, biogas bubbling and sludge accumulation may influence the hydrodynamic behaviour of the pond and hence its removal efficiency. The results obtained show that sludge accumulation and incorrect positioning of inlets and outlets influence the hydraulic performance of the ponds. The dispersion number values obtained from experimental data (δ> 0.01) show the predominance of flow mixing patterns within the ponds. Nevertheless, short-circuiting as well as dead zones coexist. Pond desludging as well as improvement of the inlet-outlet arrangements increased the removal efficiency of both BOD and TSS. It would seem that desludging of the anaerobic pond has a higher impact on the effluent quality compared with improvements to the inlets and outlets. Furthermore,the removal efficiency of suspended and soluble organic matter might be improved by enhancing mixing within the pond volume. Finally, apart from conventional dispersion studies, other tools like computational fluid dynamics are essential in order to understand the complex hydrodynamic phenomena taking place in anaerobic ponds.


Rubidium (Rb ) is an analog of potassium (K ) and has been used as a tracer of potassium. In the ++


The fabrication and performance of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors of various gate lengths are reported. The unity current gain cutoff frequency (ft), maximum frequency of oscillation (fmax), and threshold voltage are investigated against gate length. The measured ft and fmax values ranged from 37 and 81 GHz to 11 and 31 GHz for the 0.25 and 1 µm gate length devices, respectively. These devices also exhibited drain currents as high as 1 A/mm.


: In this paper, we develop tools for statistical inference on repli- cated realizations of spatiotemporal processes that are locally time-harmonizable. Our method estimates both the rescaled spatial time-varying Loève-spectrum and the spatial time-varying dual-frequency coherence function under realistic modeling assumptions. We construct confidence intervals for these parameters of interest using the Circular Block Bootstrap method and prove its consistency. We illustrate the application of our methodology on a dataset arising from an experiment in neuropsychology. From EEG recordings, our method allows studying the dynamic functional connectiv- ity within the brain associated to visual working memory performance


The 1988 Constitution, known as the Citizen Constitution, has been branded as such in its own structure. While previous Constitutions opened with the organization of the state and only after came the rights of citizenship, the 1988 Constitution opens with the solemn proclamation of civil, social, political, and human rights. Only later, as if to put the State at the service of citizenship and human rights, the organization of the state follows. Plenty of content is seen on this textual shift; therefore the greater meaning of the Constitution is on the happy approximation between content and structure. Hence comes the duty of the state, and when this duty does not take place, the Higher Law provides citizens the pursuit of its enforceability through legal mechanisms. Exemplary of this structure and content is the chapter on education that, among other advances, instituted compulsory education as a subjective public right of which meaning even derives the pursuit of justiciability.


The lipid extracts from several samples of Georgia–S. Carolina kaolins contained in abundance the regular C19–C28 isoprenoid alkanes as well as a tetracyclic compound C24H42 which seems likely to have been derived diagenetically from sesterterpenes of hydrochrysene structure.


A cooling system is provided with: a heat-receiving part equipped with a heat-receiving plate for transmitting the heat of a heat-generating body to a working fluid; a radiating part for radiating the heat of the working fluid; and a radiating passage and a return passage for connecting the heat-receiving part and the radiating part. The cooling system circulates the working fluid to the heat-receiving part, radiating passage, radiating part, return passage and heat-receiving part, and radiates the heat of the heat-generating body. The heat-receiving part comprises a heat-receiving plate cover which covers the heat-receiving plate that receives the working fluid exiting the return passage, and forms a heat-receiving space. A plurality of grooves where the perpendicular cross section of the heat-receiving plate surface is V-shaped or U-shaped are formed on the heat-receiving plate, starting at the point where the working fluid is received.


We make use of the {\em Lagangian structure} of the Eikonal equation obtained by considering its gradient to \begin{enumerate} \item observe a superconvergence phenomena on the Rouy-Tourin first order algorithm . \item propose a second order pure upwind extension of the Rouy Tourin algorithm. \end{enumerate} We also discuss the exension of this second order algorithm to the Transport equation.


Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most commonly employed techniques for controlled radical polymerization. ATRP has great potential for the development of new materials due ...


Background:  Growth impairment, microcephaly and developmental delay in young children with chronic renal failure improve after successful renal transplantation. There have been few reports on head circumference (HC) and development after transplantation.


Image matching and classification is one of the challenging problems in the field of computer vision and image processing. It is based on classifying images into semantic classes using low level features such as colour and orientation. However, the task of image matching and classification plays an important role in a variety of applications including object recognition, content based image retrieval systems, image indexing and many more. A variety of image classification techniques have been introduced. SURF (Speeded Up Robust Features) is one of the important invariant feature descriptors which is mainly applied to grayscale images. However, colour information plays an important role in matching and classifying images. Thus, we propose a novel approach that balances between geometrical characteristics and colour information by combining different image classification techniques including SURF, colour histograms and spatial colour histograms. In this project, we show how our classification scheme performs on an image dataset consists of landscapes, faces and buildings and retrieved automatically from Google Images using keyword searches. For image comparison, we construct three kinds of models: the most typical images, image clusters and composite images, which are formed from image clusters. Preliminary results show that image clusters and composite images have better performance when compared with query images (accuracy 60.8% and 81.67% respectively). They also show that colour features have more discrimination power than geometrical features for the classification problem considered in this study. Extensive experimental evaluations show that our approach results in an accuracy of 85.83% and has better accuracy than the original SURF. The number of correct classifications is increased by about 31.67%.


Since Peking has offered no documentation beyond supporting evidence of general economic deterioration and peasant apathy, an attempt to define the immediate reasons for the mass flight of refugees to Hong Kong's border in May must depend more heavily on speculation than may appear desirable in a scientific journal.


Electrostatic precipitation of particulate matter in nonconducting liquids is a technique of solid-liquid separation. It may compete with the traditional separation techniques, like filtration, distillation, centrifuge separation. In comparison with those methods it possesses some distinct advantages: it is a continuous process, its energy consumption is negligible, it is highly efficient with respect to particles in the submicron range. The degree of purification of a liquid is better than a factor of 10/sup 4/.<<ETX>>


M. Peonie, New Fluorescent Probes of Cell Function. J.P.Y. Kao and S.R. Adams, Photosensitive Caged Compounds: Design, Properties, And Biological Applications. G.R. Bright, Fluorescence Ratio Imaging: Errors and Artifacts. R.J. Bookman and F.T. Horrigan, Sampling Characteristics of Ccd Video Cameras. C.S. Chew and M. Ljungstrom, Measurement and Manipulation of Oscillations in Cytoplasmic Calcium. S.J. Morris, Simultaneous Multiple Detection of Fluorescent Molecules: Rapid Kinetic Imagin of Calcium and Ph in Living Cells. E. Niggli, R.W. Hadley, M.S. Kirby, And W.J. Lederer, Real-Time Fluorescence Imaging, Photolysis of Caged Compounds, And Whole-Cell Patch Clamping. J.K. Foskett, Simultaneous Differential Interference Contrase and Quantitative Low-Light Fluorescence Video Imaging of Cell Function. W. Rodgers and M. Glaser, Fluorescence Microscopic Imaging of Membrane Domains. M.P. Sheetz and E.L. Elson, Measurement of Membrance Glycoprotein Movement By Single Particle Tracking. L.K. Tamm, Total Internal Reflectance Fluorescence Microscopy. J.J. Lemasters, E. Chacon, G. Zahrebelski, J.M. Reece, And A.-L. Nieminen, Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy of Living Cells. R.S. Mccuskey, Intravital Microscopy. E. Gratton and M.J. Vandeven, Time-Resolved Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. S.J. Lockett, M. Siadat-Pajouh, K. Jacobson, And B. Herman, Automated Fluorescence Image Cytometry as Applied to the Diagnosis and Understanding of Cervical Cancer. Chapter References. Index.4


Purpose Current ocular surface diagnostic methods may not totally meet and implement the clinical demands for early and precise treatments. The tear ferning (TF) test has been known as a quick, simple, and inexpensive procedure. This study aimed to validate the TF test as an alternative method for early determination of photokeratitis status. Methods The tear sample was collected from the UVB-induced photokeratitis eyes and processed for TF formation. The TF patterns were graded by both the Masmali and a Sophie-Kevin (SK) grading criteria, a new set of criteria modified from the Masmali grading, for differential diagnoses. In addition, the TF test results were correlated with three clinical ocular surface indicators, including tear volume (TV), tear film break-up time (TBUT), and cornea staining, to evaluate the diagnostic capacity. Results Differential diagnosis between the normal and the photokeratitis status was achieved by the TF test. The SK grading reflected earlier photokeratitis status than the Masmali grading criteria. The TF results were strongly correlated with the three clinical ocular surface indicators, particularly for the TBUT and cornea staining. Conclusions The TF test was proven to have a capacity to distinguish photokeratitis from the normal status at an early stage by using the SK grading criteria. It is therefore potentially useful for photokeratitis diagnosis in the clinical settings. Translational Relevance The TF test may fulfill the demands of precise and early diagnosis to facilitate in time the intervention for photokeratitis.


Pesticides are toxic chemicals aimed for the destroying pest on crops. Numerous data evidence about toxicity of pesticides on aquatic organisms. Since pesticides with similar properties tend to have similar biological activities, toxicity may be predicted from structure. Their structure feature and properties are encoded my means of molecular descriptors. Molecular descriptors can capture quite simple two-dimensional (2D) chemical structures to highly complex three-dimensional (3D) chemical structures. Quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) method uses linear regression analyses for correlation toxicity of chemical with their structural feature using molecular descriptors. Molecular descriptors were calculated using open source software PaDEL and in-house built PyMOL plugin (PyDescriptor). PyDescriptor is a new script implemented with the commonly used visualization software PyMOL for calculation of a large and diverse set of easily interpretable molecular descriptors encoding pharmacophoric patterns and atomic fragments. PyDescriptor has several advantages like free and open source, can work on all major platforms (Windows, Linux, MacOS). QSTR method allows prediction of toxicity of pesticides without experimental assay. In the present work, QSTR analysis for toxicity of a dataset of mixtures of 5 classes of pesticides comprising has been performed.


The pairing mechanism for doped holes to d 3 z 2 - r 2 orbitals of Cu 2+ ions on a CuO 2 plane is proposed so as to make clear the property of superconducting phases of high- T c superconductors where coexistence of the antiferromagnetic ordering has been recently reported. The pairing is made by the exchange of antiferromagnetic magnons for d x 2 - y 2 spins on CuO 2 plane. Here, the frustration introduced by the second nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between Cu 2+ ions plays an significant role. The BCS-type gap equation is derived and self-consistent solutions are obtained numerically for various symmetries. Among them, the gaps for s and d x y symmetries are discussed in detail. By the essential contribution of the frustration, the gap can be formed even for the intermediate coupling region.


Objective: To describe the oral health interventions performed at the Timbo I Family Health Unit in the city of Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil. Material and Methods: This was a documentary research using data of dental extraction and tooth filling procedures contained in patients' dental records. Through indirect documentation, it was performed a statistic procedure with inductive approach. The sample consisted of 306 (20.6%) dental records randomly selected. Results: When the number of dental procedures was related with the age range, we found the following values regarding dental extraction: 0-10 years – 20.23% (n=35); 11-20 years – 32.98% (n=57); 21-30 years – 7.51% (n=13); 31-40 years- 17.91% (n=31); 41-50 years – 9.82% (n=17); 51-60 years – 6.93% (n=12); 61-70 years – 3.46% (n=6); 71-80 years – 1.15% (n=2). By correlating the filling procedures with the age range, we found that: 0-10 years – 7.71% (n= 43); 11-20 years – 18.31% (n=102); 21-30 years – 25.67% (n=140); 31-40 years – 32.67% (n=182); 41-50 years – 10.77% (n=60); 51-60 years – 3.41% (n=19); 61-70 years – 1.43% (n=8); 71-80 years – 0.53% (n=3). The number of tooth extraction and fillings was, respectively, 65.9% (n=144) and 69.7% (n=388) for women and 34.1% (n=59) and 30.3% (n=169) for men. Conclusion: All the age groups have access to dental treatment. Tooth filling was the most performed procedure. The age group of 11-20 years showed higher frequency of dental extraction procedures, while the age group of 21-30 years showed higher attendance of restorative procedures.

DESCRIPTORS
Oral Health. Health Promotion. Dental Health Services.


A hydraulically operated tool 200, is responsive to a combination of a fluid pressure in a pressure sensing line (fig.2, 150) and a manipulation of a wellbore tubular 20, such response causing the tool 200 to operate within the wellbore 60. In a preferred embodiment fluid is flowed through the tubular string 20 to begin anchoring the well tool 200, which is then followed by manipulation of the tubular string 20 to complete the anchoring of the well tool 200.


The Afrotropical eucoiline genus Stentorceps, described in 1984, has remained monotypic until now. Stentorceps is herein redescribed using recent field collections from Kenya and Madagascar. Stentorceps tubicen Quinlan is redescribed, and the new species S. abbotti, S. heimdalli, S. vuvuzela, S. weedlei and S. zuparkoi are described. Stentorceps heimdalli, S. weedlei and S. zuparkoi extend the range of Stentorceps to Nigeria, Madagascar, Rwanda, Somalia and South Africa. The descriptions and keys provide a foundation for future taxonomic and biological investigations.


In a recent landmark study, introducing peanut by age 11 months in children with severe eczema or egg allergy led to an 80% reduction in peanut allergy


Background: Each year, the FDA receives more than a million reports of suspected device-associated deaths, serious injuries, and malfunctions. Medical device reports (MDRs) are submitted to the FDA by mandatory reporters (manufacturers, importers, and device user facilities) and voluntary reporters such as healthcare professionals, patients, and consumers. The FDA uses MDRs to monitor device performance, including monitoring reports of infection or device contamination to detect potential device-related safety issues and to share this information in public communications. In this analysis, the FDA presents MDRs for duodenoscopes, which are a type of flexible endoscope that have been associated with infections in patients. Methods: For this analysis, we searched the MDR database for duodenoscope reports submitted between January 2015 and July 1, 2019. MDRs were classified into clinical risk categories based on the MDR's text narratives as patient infection (indicated the presence of infection in patients potentially transmitted by the device), patient exposure (indicated a contaminated device has been used in a patient, but the MDR lacks clear mention of patient infection), or device contamination (indicated that the device was contaminated, but no mention of device use in patients or patient infection). Results: Overall, 1,115 duodenoscope reports related to a patient infection, patient exposure, or device contamination for devices marketed inside and outside the United States were received from January 2015 to mid-2019. Among them, 79 MDRs were received for deaths in patient infection, patient exposure, or device contamination reports. The number of reported infections decreased from 247 MDRs in 2015 to 55 MDRs in the first half of 2019. Furthermore, the number of reported deaths decreased from 25 MDRs in 2015 to 2 MDRs reported in the first half of 2019. Conclusions: The MDR data indicate a decrease in the number of reported infections. The decrease in infections suggests that efforts to reduce the risk of infection from duodenoscopes have yielded improvements; however, additional improvements are necessary to further decrease the risk of infection. Funding: None Disclosures: None


services, to evaluate the adequacy of the facilities, the response of the public, and the extent to which the services are reaching the community and achieving program goals, will be carried out. The study and evaluation of the new Nubian community is expected to take four years. The first year (1971) has been spent in designing the research, making the survey, and analyzing its material. During the second and third years, the survey of the settlers and administrators and the intensive study of the major services will be undertaken. The fourth year will be spent mainly on the final analysis of the data and report-writing. Periodic reports will be submitted after the termination of each phase.


OBJECTIVES
Caring for a person often imposes a significant burden on informal caregivers, which is a possible threat to their own health and well-being. The aim of this study is twofold: (i) We analyze whether the risk of the mental burden due to informal caregiving increases when the dependent person suffers from mental disorders. (ii) We investigate if the utilization of formal care assistance reduces this burden.

METHOD
Routine data from a sickness fund regarding informal caregivers of frail elderly persons aged more than 65 years is analyzed by estimating pooled logit models.

RESULTS
We find evidence for a significant difference of the risk of mental disturbance in informal caregivers when caring for impaired elderly with and without certain mental disorders. However, claiming formal care services in addition to the informal care provision decreases the disturbance.

DISCUSSION
There are political implications that arise from our results: First, the already existing system of formal in-home services should be enlarged. Second, special attention should be paid to the health status of the person in need of care when deciding which form of care is appropriate and the least burdensome for the informal caregiver.


tem to which they most closely approximate in size and shape." The coin of Carthage from the tomb at Ostia will doubtless have survived in the same way.'0 But neither the sextans nor the bronze of Teanum are very worn. Although it is possible that both were kept for a long time before being deposited, it seems more likely that they were buried around 200 B.C. The remaining coins offer some support for the suggestion that the cemetery at Malignano was in use in the early rather than the late second century B.c. They are, as a group, not particularly worn and it seems probable that they were deposited in the same general period in which they were issued. Numismatic arguments thus accord with archaeological. Insofar as material of the type found at Malignano can be dated independently of numismatic evidence, it appears to belong to the early second century B.C. The cemetery at Malignano thus shows coins present in a rural area not long after they were struck. But it is necessary to emphasize that this picture can neither be corroborated nor dismissed as untypical. There are very few late Republican sites of any kind which have produced a considerable number of coins from a properly identified context. But one site at least presents a contrasting picture. The latest of the twenty or so coins (mostly bronze) from the first century B.c. levels of a villa at Francolise dates from about 10o B.C.xx


The invention discloses a harmonic reducer structure for extending the service life. The harmonic reducer structure comprises a rigid gear, a flexible gear and a wave generator; the flexible gear is shaped like a hat or a cup; the radius R of curvature of the bending position of the cup-shaped flexible gear is not less than 0.4 H and not more than 0.7 H, wherein H is the height of the flexible gear; the radius R of curvature of the bending position of the hat-shaped flexible gear is not less than 0.4 H and not more than 0.7 H, wherein H is the height of the flexible gear. According to the harmonic reducer structure for extending the service life, the structure is reasonable, the radiuses of curvature of the bending position A and the lower end position B of an outer tooth of the flexible gear are increased through improvement so as to enable the loading capacity and the fatigue resistance of the flexible gear to be high, and accordingly the service life of the harmonic reducer is extended.


This study investigates a post-denitrification process without the addition of an external carbon source combined with an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR). Three trial plants, with two different process configurations, were operated on two different sites, and a variety of accompanying batch tests were conducted. It was shown that even without dosing of an external carbon source, denitrification rates (DNR) much above endogenous rates could be obtained in post-denitrification systems. Furthermore, the anaerobic reactor located ahead of the process had a positive impact on the DNR. Given these surprising results, the project team decided to identify the carbon source used by the microorganisms in the post-denitrification process. Batch tests could demonstrate that lysis products do not play a major role as a C-source for post-denitrification. The following hypothesis was proposed to explain the observations: the glycogen, internally stored by the substrate accumulating bacteria, if anaerobic conditions are followed by aerobic conditions could act as carbon source for denitrification in post-denitrification system. First exploratory batch tests, where the glycogen evolution was monitored, corroborate this assumption. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


THE New Testament refers to the imposition of hands in a number of different contexts, and it is evident that the significance of the act is not always the same. The rite is used in at least five different connexions, and one of the problems of the exegete has been to decide how far these categories are mutually exclusive. It is not infrequently assumed that there is a basic common denominator which can be applied equally to all the various uses of the rite. According to one view 2 she imposition of hands invariably implies some bestowal of the Spirit, or alternatively the impartation of ' power '


The invention provides a heat treatment circuit and a heat treatment method based on the heat treatment circuit. The heat treatment circuit comprises at least one temperature collecting circuit, at least one heating circuit and a micro-controller. Each temperature collecting circuit is connected with the micro-controller and used for collecting the temperature of at least one element, corresponding to the temperature collecting circuit, of an outdoor collecting device every other first preset time, and inputting the temperature of the at least one element to the micro-controller. The micro-controller is respectively connected with each heating circuit and if according to the temperature of each element and the temperature threshold of each preset element of the outdoor device, which are respectively input by the at least one temperature collecting circuit, used for confirming when the at least one element is heated, according to the temperature and the temperature threshold of a to-be-heated element, triggering the heating circuit corresponding to the at least one to-be-triggered element, and respectively conducting heat treatment to the at least one to-be-heated device.


Measurements described show that Maskell's wake blockage corrections apply to rectangular plates normal to the flow, over the range 1/3/> h/b >/3 tested, whether the plates are mounted on the tunnel axis or adjacent to a wall. Only small non-linear effects were found even when the corrections approached 100 per cent. Blockage correction formula are developed for use when two models are present in the working section at the same time (but each outside the wake of the other). The method of determining the required blockage factors is described with examples from measurements on flat plates mounted normal to a wall and on lattice models.


The rate of incarceration has increased dramatically in the US since 1980. We explore the implications of this increased incarceration on national poverty measurement using micro data for the period 1979-1997. We make use of an as-yet unexplored data set on prisoner earnings, in conjunction with the Current Population Survey to compute earnings of the whole population. It is found that the traditional measurement of poverty, which omits this increased share of the population that has become institutionalized, understates the true degree of poverty in the nineteen nineties to a significant degree. This underestimation has increased during the time period of study. Furthermore, it is the depth of poverty associated with the higher incarceration rate, rather than the higher rate of incarceration alone that has had the greatest impact upon poverty. These results stand in marked contrast to western European economies and Canada.


The essay addresses the question "What is Genealogy?" through a consideration of the value of traditional genealogical narratives of families for the Chinese state and society, and the implications of their absence for those caught up in the 19th century diaspora to America. Using genealogy as a method of critical inquiry, however, enables scholars to begin studying the significance of this phenomenon in the lives of Chinese immigrants and the centrality of family in safeguarding their legacy. It does this through an examination of the lives of two Chinese community leaders in Denver's Chinatown. It concludes with a call for a horizontal genealogical study of community leaders in order to have a better understanding of who they were and the role they played in Chinese America.