Taking a curve elevated continuous box girder bridge as an engineering example,the dynamic calculating model of the curve elevated continuous box girder bridgeis was created using the finite element analysis program ANSYS. The dynamic characteristic of the curve elevated continuous box girder bridge is discussed, and a time history analysis is conducted for the curve elevated continuous box girder bridge subjected to three earthquake waves in the longitudinal and the lateral direction. The internal force, displacement and the time history response of the curved box-girders and bridge pier are obtained and compared with the calculated results of response spectrum method. The results indicate that lower frequency modes of vibration have significant influence on bending and torsion deformation of bridge pier, the results of response spectrum method are the smaller.


 Abstract — Liquid spray heat exchanger is the critical equipment of temperature regulating system by gaseous nitrogen which realizes the environment temperature in the range of -180 ℃~+180 ℃. Liquid nitrogen is atomized into smaller liquid drops through liquid nitrogen sprayer and then contacts with gaseous nitrogen to be cooled. By adjusting the pressure of liquid nitrogen and gaseous nitrogen, the flowrate of liquid nitrogen is changed to realize the required outlet temperature of heat exchanger. The temperature accuracy of shrouds is ±1 ℃. Liquid nitrogen spray heat exchanger is simulated by CATIA, and the numerical simulation is performed by FLUENT. The comparison between the tests and numerical simulation is conducted. Moreover, the results help to improve the design of liquid nitrogen spray heat exchanger.


T he ventilatory responses to hypoxia and to hyper-capnia can be depressed, and resting levels of PaCO, and PaO, may be significantly abnormal in the presence of minimal lung disease.' It has been suggested that the chemical drive to respiration has adapted, but using the ventilatory response to measure chemosensitivity or the "chemical drive" is complicated by the negative effect on ventilation of the stretch receptors and by lung and chest wall mechanics. Recently, Whitelaw et a12 have developed a prmis-ing new technique which attempts to measure more immediately the neural output of the medullary respiratory centers during a chemical challenge. The authors feel that by measuring the mouth pressure 0.1 sec after the initiation of an occluded breath (Po,,), they omit any significant interference from the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex or the negative influences of abnormal compliance or resistance. In their study using the re-breathing technique, normal subjects began with a mix-N2. We were interested in applying the Po,, technique to both hypoxia and hypercapnia-stimulated ventilation in the same subject. Specifically, we have been trying to determine if these two nonpharmacologic stimuli, hyper-capnia and hypoxia, stimulate the respiratory muscula-ture similarly when the increases in ' ?E are the same. Hence, our question was: when the increase in VE due to hypoxia equals that due to hypercapnia, are both Po,, values the same? However, before we began to match VE values, some of our experimental results suggested that one should equate the Po,, with medullary respiratory drive only with great caution, if at all. Two factors would seem to compromise that interpretation: changes in FRC (ie, respiratory muscle length) provoked by the gases, and changes in the status of the contractile mechanism of the respiratory muscles generated by changes in the gases. Occlusion pressure is developed by muscular force; and though the force of an isometric contraction is indeed directly proportional to the amount of neural traffic to the muscle, the force is also influenced by the length of the muscle and the normal functioning of the contractile mechanism. Hence, if a certain Po,, were established for a population of "normal" subjects at a given PaCO,, a depressed Po,, in a patient may be due to a depressed respiratory center, but it may also be due to a perfectly normal respiratory center acting on a shortened muscle, or on a muscle with a compromised contractile mechanism. With respect to changes in …


The student party member core competitive power is decided by the party member interior ecological factor and exterior ecological factor interaction and the adaptation.In this paper,the reality of Student Party,the "niche"theory into the core competitiveness of college students party,we will focus on enhancing student members of the survival,development and competitiveness,and ultimately the competitiveness of party members and the core team cohesion and unity of the party branch.


In the article "Quintessential Quarrington" that appeared in the Fall 1998 issue of Double Bassist, Joel Quarrington explained the advantages of playing the double bass tuned in fifths (C-G-D-A) instead of the traditional tuning in fourths (E-A-D-G). Quarrington, Principal Bassist of the Toronto Symphony, described how tuning in fifths could improve intonation, make the instrument respond faster, and provide a simple means of achieving low C without an extension. Using a combination of solo and orchestra-tuning strings, I experimented with fifths tuning on an inexpensive plywood bass. There was a consonant overtone resonance of open strings and harmonics I had never experienced—I was hooked.


Research on the impact of innovation on regional economic performance in Europe
has fundamentally followed three approaches: a) the analysis of the link between
investment in RD b) the study of the existence and
efficiency of regional innovation systems; and c) the examination of geographical
diffusion of regional knowledge spillovers. These complementary approaches have,
however, rarely been combined. Important operational and methodological barriers
have thwarted any potential cross-fertilization. In this paper, we try to fill this gap in
the literature by combining in one model R&D, spillovers, and innovation systems
approaches. A multiple regression analysis is conducted for all regions of the EU-25,
including measures of R&D investment, proxies for regional innovation systems, and
knowledge and socio-economic spillovers. This approach allows us to discriminate
between the influence of internal factors and external knowledge and institutional
flows on regional economic growth. The empirical results highlight how the
interaction between local and external research with local and external socioeconomic
and institutional conditions determines the potential of every region in
order to maximise its innovation capacity. They also indicate the importance of
proximity for the transmission of economically productive knowledge, as spillovers
show strong distance decay effects. In the EU-25 context, only the innovative efforts
pursued within a 180 minute travel radius have a positive and significant impact on
regional growth performance.


A urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection met in day to day practice. It is more common in females than males due to shorter urethra which allows the bacteria quick access to the bladder. In Ayurveda symptoms of UTI has close resemblance with Mutrakruchha. Acharya Charaka has described eight types of Mutrakrichha. In Mutrakrichha, the vitiated Pitta dosha along with Apana Vayu reaches the Vasti (bladder) and afflicts the Mutravaha Srotas due to which the patient feels painful and burning micturition. In this case report a 45 years old female patient presenting with symptoms of urinary urgency, increased frequency and burning micturition on and off since 10 years was diagnosed as a case of recurrent UTI, managed effectively with chandraprabha vati, gokshuradi guggulu shwetparpati for 21days and uttarbasti procedure for 3days. The assessment were done before and after treatment showed significant changes in sign, symptoms and urine examination report. No recurrence of UTI was noticed in follow up visit. Ayurvedic management offers a good approach to manage Mutrakrichha.


This year's bibliography includes 460 citations from journals published in late 1993 and 1994. Library holdings at Kalamazoo College, Western Michigan University, Michigan State University, and the University of Chicago were used in the compilation of the bibliography. In addition to the extensive use of First Search, an on-line catalog service available to many college libraries and their patrons, the CARL (Colorado Access to Research Libraries) database, accessible without cost on the internet, also proved to be quite helpful. As is customary, we refrain from including articles that were written in a language other than English because of space limitations, and we do not print citations that express a distinct North American focus, possess limited comparative perspective, or are written for an overly specialized audience.


The vehicle air-conditioning System according to the inven tion has at least one air-conditioning air duct with at least one air outflow nozzle having an automatically adjustable air guiding arrangement, a Sun radiation Sensing System, and an air-conditioning control unit which generates control com mands for automatically adjusting the air guiding arrange ment at least as a function of the output Signals of the Sun radiation Sensing System. The air-conditioning control unit uses output signals from the Sun radiation Sensing System to determine the local distribution of Sun radiation in the area of a particular vehicle Seat and, as a function thereof, automatically adjusts the air guiding arrangement or arrangements assigned to the respective vehicle Seat.


Spectrum sensing is a key function of cognitive radio to prevent the harmful interference with licensed users and identify the available spectrum for improving the spectrum utilization. In Spectrum Sensing, function of secondary users (SUs) is to detect the spectrum holes. However, in practice detection performance is often compromised with multipath fading, shadowing and receiver uncertainty issues. To mitigate the impact of these issues, cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is considered as an effective method to improve the detection performance by exploiting spatial diversity. In the current work centralized CSS is considered where all the SUs transmit their locally sensed information to fusion center (FC) and final decision is made by using soft-decision methods (SLC, SC, MRC) using energy detector (ED) at each CR as detection scheme. In this multi-path fading scenario with flat fading for narrowband spectrum sensing received SNR, total error probability, probability of false alarm, threshold value are considered as variable parameters in CSS. The current work focuses on performance of CSS, selecting a suitable threshold value for detection of primary user with minimum total error probability using diversity techniques and receiver operatting characteristics curves are also provided for various diversity techniques under different fading channels.


emotion and maybe less honesty is usually needed. In many ways, the therapeutic community then is a †̃¿ luxury', and very stimulating and perhaps thera peutic in its constant examination and analysis of one's own and other people's actions, motivation, and attitudes—but it is arguable whether residents are being conditioned to meet realistic situations. In a similar vein, the community is a source of understanding and support which is a strongly attractive force—especially for those without satis factory homes—and I feel that many can become too dependent on it; which, of course, also makes rehabilitation difficult. Maybe †̃¿ a therapeutic com munity within the community' (rather than within the hospital), with a gradual tail-off of meetings for those who have left, might be an answer, rather than complete and immediate ending of support after discharge.


This article evaluates the development of Chinese enterprise unions, drawing on case-study evidence from foreign-invested enterprises in the Pearl River Delta. Findings suggest that it was difficult for such employers to resist the establishment of an enterprise union. However, they generally sought to co-opt the union to meet organizational needs. Management strategy was critical in shaping the union's role, and our evidence suggests that this was influenced by factors such as home-country policies, the expectations of overseas customers, management ideology and pressures from the ACFTU and the Party-State to comply with the requirement for a union. The implications for the role of unions are evaluated.


Turbulent flow and its interaction with a sea breeze front (SBF) over an urban‐like coast with a regular block array were investigated using a building‐resolving computational fluid dynamics model. It was found that during daytime with an offshore ambient flow, streaky turbulent structures tended to grow within the convective boundary layer (CBL) over a warm urban surface ahead of the SBF. The structures were organized as streamwise streaks at an interval of a few hundred meters, which initiated at the rooftop level with strong wind shear and strengthens in the CBL with moderate buoyancy. The streaks then interacted with the onshore‐propagating SBF as it made landfall. The SBF, which was initially characterized as a shallow and quasi‐linear feature over the sea, developed three‐dimensional structures with intensified updrafts at an elevated frontal head after landfall. Frontal updrafts were locally enhanced at intersections where the streaks merged with the SBF, which greatly increased turbulent fluxes at the front. The frontal line was irregular because of merging, tilting, and transformation effects of vorticity associated with streaky structures. Inland penetration of the SBF was slowed by the frictional effect of urban‐like surfaces and turbulent flow on land. The overall SBF intensity weakened after the interaction with turbulent flow. These findings aid understanding of local weather over coastal cities during typical sea breeze conditions.


This study was conducted on the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes of 100 chickens raised under traditional management (back yard) system and originated from three-selected town in East Shoa of central Ethiopia, namely Bishoftu, Dukem and Modjo. The study indicated an overall prevalence of 94% parasitic infection in the three towns Out of the total, 69%, and 73% of the examined chickens were harboring nematodes and cestodes respectively. The nematodes identified were Ascaridia galli (13%), Heterakis gallimarum (20%), Heterakis isolonche (4%), Heterakis dispar (12%), Alodapa sucturia (6%), Subura brumpti (5%), and Aucaria hamulosa (4%) and the cestodes were Raillietina tetragona (13%), R. Echinobothridia (34%), R. Cesticillus (15%), Choenetenia infundibulum (15%), Hymenolepis continana (12%) and Hymenolepis carioca (14%) and The present study revealed a high prevalence of helminthes infection/infestation in backyard chickens. Therefore, appropriate prevention and control methods are recommended.


Because societal good depends on the interdependence of its individual members, community service is a unique opportunity to care for yourself and others.


This paper presents a high-speed low-power 1-bit full adder cell designed upon an alternative logic structure to derive the SUM and CARRY outputs. Hspice and Nanosim simulations show that this full adder cell designed using a 0.35¿m CMOS technology and supplied with 3.3V, exhibits delay and power dissipation around 720ps and 840¿W, respectively. These features reflect an overall improvement of 30% in the power-delay metric, when compared with the performance of other realizations recently published as well featured cells for low-power applications.


waveguides with high optical gain S. A. Vázquez-Córdova, S. Aravazhi, C. Grivas, Y. S. Yong, S. M. García-Blanco, J. L. Herek, and M. Pollnau 1 Optical Sciences Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands 2 Integrated Optical Microsystems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands 3 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK 4 Department of Materials and Nano Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH−Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, Isafjordsgatan 22−24, 16440 Kista, Sweden


The fracture behaviors of fluoropolymer binders with different molecular structures used in polymer bonded explosives (PBX) were first investigated by the essential work of fracture (EWF). The molecular motions of four selected fluoropolymers were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The incorporation of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) comonomers, would retard the molecular mobility of the fluoropolymer chain, resulting in the glass transition temperature (Tg) shifting to a higher value. Through EWF testing, the effect of the molecular structure on the fracture behaviors for fluoropolymer binders was investigated. The specific essential work of fracture, we, decreased with Tg increasing, while the specific plastic deformation work, βwp, had an opposite change trend. By fracture energy partitioning, the energy distribution during the fracture process of fluoropolymers was found. The dominant factors which affected we and βwp for the studied systems were the necking terms, as the majority of the fracture energy was dissipated in the necking and fracture process. In addition, the Brazilian test, or diametrical compression, was used to study the tensile properties of PBX. The influences of the obtained fracture parameters of polymer binders by EWF on the mechanical properties of PBX were analyzed.


Dendritic cells are the most powerful antigen presenting cells,which plays very important effect in immune system.This article reviews progresses of induction in vitro about the experimental technique of differentiation from leukemia cells in medullary system to dendritic cells,mechanism of inducing differentiation,its effect on anti-immunity of leukemia as well as its clinical application.


The spring of 881 at last heralded in the Kingdom of the Western Franks the progressing stabilisation of power. Already a year before, the young kings, sons of Louis the Stammerer, had divided among themselves, without controversy or war, the inheritance from their father1. It happened in early 880, with an active participation of the most prominent lords of the kingdom and a clearly visible supervision of a much older Carolingian, repre senting a competing line of the dynasty of the Eastern Franks, and the paternal uncle of the young rulers, Louis III the Younger. First, in February an agreement was reached with the king from behind the Rhine. Lotharingia which he demanded while supporting his claims with a display of force, was given back to him. In the valley of the Oise a meeting was held of the two armies: the one of the Eastern Franks supported by a part of the aristocracy from the Western Kingdom, and the other one, which consisted of troops under the two newly crowned kings and was backed by Hugo the Abbot2. It was then that an agreement


The systems dynamics and control engineering (FDI) and the artificial intelligence diagnosis (DX) communities have developed complementary approaches that exploit structural relations in the system model to find efficient solutions for the residual generation and residual evaluation steps in fault detection and isolation in dynamic systems. This paper compares three different structural fault diagnosis techniques, two from the DX community and one from the FDI community. To simplify our comparison, we start with bond graphs as the common system modeling language and develop a graph-based framework using temporal causal graphs as the basis for analyzing the three fault isolation approaches. This framework allows for systematic comparison of the diagnosability properties of the three algorithms. The three-tank system is used as a running example to illustrate our concepts and algorithms.


There are several steps in PWB fabrication that involve image or pattern transfer directly from CAD data or through an intermediate step such as phototool formation: drilling a through-hole or microvia pattern,forming innerlayer and outerlayer circuit patterns,structuring a soldermask,and applying legend print.The formation of the circuitry typically involves photolithography,or screen printing,however to complete the circuitizing process,the board goes through etching,plating,and resist stripping steps.This article focuses only on photolithography and its equivalent alternatives such as inkjetting,with one exception: alternatives to traditional subtractive processes are highlighted.These include semi-additive and fully additive process options.The article does not cover mainstream traditional contact printing that involves the use of a phototool(or mask),but highlights alternatives to contact printing.


The Xikuangshan type ferro-copper deposit is an important deposit type in the Dongchuan copper mine.Although previous researchers made detailed investigations,the origin of this kind of deposit remains controversial.In order to probe into the genesis and sources of the ore-forming materials of its ferro-copper layer,the authors analyzed the O isotopic compositions of the Xikuangshan type ferro-copper deposit and studied its isotope geochemistry.The results show that the values of δ34S in sulfides(from-10.9‰ to 15.9‰,with an average of 0.455‰) can be divided into three groups:① values between ±4‰(15 pieces),with the characteristics of meteoritic sulfur;② values in the range of ±(5~8)‰(6 pieces),influenced by the volcanic sedimentation;③ values in the range of 10‰ or ≤-10‰(2 pieces),suggesting that sulfur came mainly from the rock magma(volcanic eruptions) and subordinately from seawater sulfate and stratigraphic biological sulfur.The carbon of the Xikuangshan type ferro-copper deposit has the characteristics of mantle-derived carbon,implying that mantle material participated in the ore-forming process.The δ18OV-SMOW values of magnetite change between 1.3‰ and 9.8‰,with an average of 4.875‰.The composition characteristics of O isotope indicate that the deposit belongs to the volcanic sedimentation-exhalation deposit.The main ore-forming source came from volcanic eruption,and the metallogenesis was connected with magmatic activities,marine facies chemical sedimentation and seafloor hydrothermal solution sedimentation.


This paper describes an Arabic text recognition system based on neural networks. Text is input using a scanner and some pre-processing is done on it to separate lines and words. A processing stage is then applied to each image word and thinning, stroke segmentation and feature extraction performed. Following this, strokes are classified into eleven primitive using three-layer neural networks, which is trained on back propagation algorithm. In the recognition stage the primitives, with some features, are classified into characters or part of a character. A secondary stage combines primitives into characters into Arabic characters and solves ambiguities between pairs and triplets of characters. Key-Words:Pattern recognition, Arabic character recognition, artificial neural networks, back propagation, skeleton,


In this paper we analyze the problem of object identification in channels with desynchronization. In our analysis we assume that the identification system is designed using a pilot-based re-synchronization mechanism that assists desynchro-nization compensation with a certain accuracy. We demonstrate how the accuracy of re-synchronization impacts the information-theoretic limits of identification system performance.


Fatty acids, determined by the number of carbon atoms and the presence of double or simple bounds between them (1,2).
Since the 60-70s of last century, food industry started to introduce innovative processes and feedstock modifications. Those
innovations like total or partial hydrogenation of fats and oils were carried out with the object of increase productivity and
products lifetime which leaded to a significant increase of harmful fat intake related to a rising fast food consumption in the last
decades (3). As a result, it is necessary to analyze fatty acids profile contents in food products in order to include it in
nutritional labelling. For this purpose, it has been developed different analytical and instrumental techniques, among which gas
chromatography stands out (4).
Most fatty acids are not in free form on food but are usually esterified, being part of different lipids. Therefore it is necessary to
carry out several steps previous to characterization of fatty acids profile by gas chromatography. First, fatty acids extraction is
carried out followed by derivatization process with the objective of increasing volatility and reducing polarity of the analyte.
This contribute to reduce operating temperature avoiding degradation of fatty acids and to get differentiated chromatographic
peaks. The purpose of this project is to compare fatty acids composition of different types of bakery and pastries products
which are commonly manufactured using refined oils and fats. To achieve this objective Folch fatty acids extraction method
was used (5) and the conversion to Fatty Acids Methyl Esters (FAME) dertivatization process (6) was carried out. Folch
extraction methods consist on using a 2:1 mixture of organic dissolvent, which are chloroform and methanol, respectively.
Then, a saline solution (0.9% NaCl) is added to achieve biphasic separation by centrifugation, being the lower fraction
containing chloroform used to fatty acids profile determination. This fraction is transferred to a round-bottomed flask, solvent is
evaporated by rotavapor and fat extracted is determined by gravimetry. Finally, fatty acids profiles were obtained by gas
chromatography with flame ionization to obtain by.


the designated narrow area (the width of 0.2 degree in longitude and latitude) determined in ahead. This implies that the distribution of strong rainfall intensity appear near a dominat wind gust region. Moreover, when the area for the detection of the strong radar intensity was expanded into the width of 1.0 degree in longitude and latitude, it was also found that approximately 70% of the total wind gusts events was detectable in the wide region within an hour before the occurrence of these wind gusts. These results show that the detection of strong radar intensity distribution using a weather radar is effective for decision-making of the evacuation from a wind gust including a tornado related to frontal activities within an hour before the occurrence of these wind gusts.


This report presents the early results of the Specific Pavement Studies-2 (SPS-2) experiment, "Strategic Study of Structural Factors for Rigid Pavements" documenting construction details of 13 different test sections with varying structural characteristics. The SPS-2 experiment was developed as a coordinated national experiment to address the effects of various strategic environmental and structural factors on the performance of rigid pavements. The factors studied under this experiment included concrete thickness, concrete strength, base type, lane width, drainage and environmental factors such as temperature, moisture and soil type. Pavement thicknesses were constructed at 8 and 11 in. (20 and 28 cm). Alternate base types included permeable asphalt-treated base (PATB), lean concrete base (LCB), and dense-graded aggregate base (DGAB). Certain sections included a widened 14-ft (4.3-m) slab in addition to the standard 12-ft (3.7-m) width. Specific sections included the construction of pavement edge drains, while the remainder did not. Specific sections were constructed using high- and low-strength concrete mixes to provide a difference in performance as a paving material. This paper discusses the performance of these test sections after being in service for four years. The results are based on monitoring data collected by the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Program. The monitoring data includes deflection data collected by a falling weight deflectometer, profile data collected by a profilometer, friction data using the ASTM E 274 procedure and manually collected distress data. Based on the early results of the SPS-2 experiment and a supplemental study conducted by the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), the use of 14-ft (4.3-m) slabs is highly recommended. The results of this study revealed that wider slabs improved the load-carrying capacity of the outside lane by keeping the trucks away from the longitudinal joint at the shoulder. Structurally speaking, their contributions were found to be equivalent to 1 in. (2.54 cm) of slab thickness. The 14-ft (4.3-m) slab is now an option for CDOT designers, primarily in a rural setting.


PI3K/Akt signaling promotes metabolic adaptation to ONC201-mediated disruption of mitochondrial energy homeostasis in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, highlighting the utility of a combination treatment strategy using ONC201 and the PI3K/Akt inhibitor paxalisib.


We present high resolution simulations of a multiple merger of three disk galaxies including the evolution of magnetic fields performed with the N-body/SPH code Gadget. For the first time, we embed the galaxies in a magnetized, low-density medium, thus modeling an ambient IGM. The simulations include radiative cooling and a model for star formation and supernova feedback. Magnetohydrodynamics is followed using the SPH method. The progenitor disks have initial magnetic seed fields in the range of 10 9 to 10 6 G and the IGM has initial fields of 10 12 to 10 9 G. The simulations are compared to a run excluding magnetic fields. We show that the propagation of interaction-driven shocks depends significantly on the initial magnetic field strength. The shocks propagate faster in simulations with stronger initial field, suggesting that the shocks are supported by magnetic pressure. The Mach numbers of the shocks range from approximately M = 1:5 for the non-magnetized case up to M = 6 for the highest initial magnetization, resulting in higher temperatures of the shock heated IGM gas. The magnetic field in the system saturates rapidly after the mergers at � 10 6 G within the galaxies and � 10 8 G in the IGM independent of the initial value. These field strengths agree with observed values and correspond to the equipartition value of the magnetic pressure with the turbulent pressure in the system. We also present synthetic radio and polarization maps for different phases of the evolution showing that shocks driven by the interaction produce a high amount of polarized emission. These idealized simulations indicate that magnetic fields play an important role for the hydrodynamics of the IGM during galactic interactions. We also show that even weak seed fields are efficiently amplified during multiple galactic mergers. This interaction driven amplification might have been a key process for the magnetization of the Universe.


Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is a humanized anti-CD33 antibody conjugated to a derivative of a tumoricidal antibiotic calicheamicin. GO alone induces complete remission in 26% of AML patients in first relapse. One way to improve the response rate is to combine GO with other agents. A quantitative relationship has been shown between rates and degrees of CD33 expression and GO-induced cytotoxicity in vitro by using gene transfer to manipulate CD33 expression in myeloid cell lines. We first studied CD33 expression on myeloid leukemia cells by stimulating with several agents in vitro, and found that ubenimex, but not G-CSF, M-CSF, or ATRA, increased CD33 expression on both HL-60 and K562 cells. Ubenimex is an aminopeptidase inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces olivoreticuli and commercially available as an oral agent for clinical use for AML treatment. To investigate whether ubenimex enhances the cytotoxicity of GO, HL-60 and K562 cells were cultured with GO and/or ubenimex for 3 days. When GO was administered, cell viabilities of HL-60 and K562 were reduced to 31.5% and 90.3% as compared with control, respectively. Treatment with ubenimex alone did not influence viabilities of either HL-60 or K562. However, when cells were preincubated with ubenimex and then cultured with GO, cell viabilities decreased to 18.5% and 81.4% for HL-60 and K562, respectively, indicating that pretreatment with ubenimex enhanced GO-induced myeloid leukemia cell death in vitro. We next assessed the mechanism of cell death. The treatment with GO alone and ubenimex alone induced apoptosis in 39.2% and 2.9% of HL-60 cells, respectively. When HL-60 cells were preincubated with ubenimex and then cultured with GO, the number of apoptotic cells increased to 62.9%, demonstrating that ubenimex augments GO-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that the priming of AML cells with ubenimex should improve the clinical efficacy of GO.


AbstractExcited electronic states and intraheme relaxation processes in the oxidized and reduced forms of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase extracted from a beef heart have been investigated by femtosecond absorption spectroscopy. The spectral and kinetic characteristics of short-lived intermediates have been measured from 80 fs to 20 ps after the photoexcitation. It is found that nonradiative electronic relaxation of the excitation energy in heme a , both in the oxidized (Fe(III) a ) and reduced (Fe(II) a ) forms, occurs successively as three processes, after the end of which heme a is in the ground state with a large store of vibrational energy. The subsequent vibrational relaxation (heme cooling) lasts for several picoseconds. It is found for reduced heme a _3 (Fe(II) a _3) that the electronic relaxation occurs as a result of two successive stages, which changes to vibrational relaxation in the ground state. The mechanism and dynamics of electronic excitation energy conversion in cytochrome c oxidase are analyzed.


This paper presents the results of laboratory and industrial studies of coke dust as a finely dispersed additive to coal charge. Studies were carried out on the coking of experimental coal charges with the addition of various amounts of coke dust, and the quality characteristics of the obtained coke were evaluated. Based on the results obtained, the optimal percentage of additive participation in the coal charge was determined from the point of view of technical and economic indicators.


Lakota has two phonetic voiced stops, [b] and [g], which do not behave like stops. They occur in clusters with sonorants, and in syllable or morpheme final position as the result of several morphophonemic processes. In the clusters, their behavior is easily described using the distinctive feature [sonorant voice] proposed in Rice (1993), but in coda position they (and the fricatives, and the lateral sonorant [l]) manifest lenition instead. In this lenition environment, both voicing and nasalization are variable, leading to the proposal that Lakota is an aspiration language like English rather than a voicing language like French.


It is proved that if a finite group G has five non-normal subgroups then all non-normal subgroups of G are conjugated and G is isomorphic to G=〈u,v〉,u5=1,v2m=1,v-1uv=u4 or G=〈u,v〉,u5n=1,v5=1,v-1uv=u1+5n-1,where n≥2.


Based on the background of application requirements of multiple readers on the dressmaking stream line.The paper presents a general connection and communication method——utilizing CAN field-bus to complete the communication between PC and RFID readers,After the comparison of RS485 field-bus to CAN field-bus,the hardware architecture for communication is introduced as well as format and means of the communication protocol.The whole communicating flow chart and the description to the key code of the communication program are given with problems to be noticed.


This volume addresses the phenomenon of sexual harassment. It provides an in-depth analysis of the influences of communication on sexual harassment and suggests new directions for responding to and eliminating the problem in the workplace.


This study aims to empirically examine the factors that affect the quality of the
external auditors audit the Indonesian government. The object of this study is the
auditor in Supreme Audit Agency that at least once had a position as Team Leader,
Technical Controller, or a Quality Controller in an audit team. Data were collected
using a questionnaire letter (mail-survey), which is distributed to the Provincial
Legislative Audit Agency spread across the island of Sumatra, Java, and West Nusa
Tenggara Province, amounting to 17 BPK. Of the 170 questionnaires distributed, only
97 were returned (57.06%) and only 74 questionnaires (78.72%) are eligible to be
processed. The data is then analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and
reliability, as well as multiple regression test to test the hypothesis with the help of
SPSS 19.0. The results of this study indicate that moral reasoning is not empirically
proven to have a positive relationship with audit quality. The other variables such as
independence and professional skepticisms proven empirically positively related to
audit quality. Similarly, with the religiosity which is a new variable that is trying
assessed its association with audit quality. The next study is expected to reexamine
religiosity variable is a new variable, as well as re-testing instrument that audit
quality is a new instrument for measuring the audit quality in the public sector,
particularly the government sector in Indonesia.


Objective:To explore the Metallothionein,Metallothionein (MT) referred to male infertility seminal plasma cadmium,lead the semen parameters. Methods: tungsten light boat atomic absorption law-governing patients metallothionein oral test before and after the seminal plasma concentrations of cadmium,lead,Cd,Pb Computer aided by order,semen (CASA) method,analyzes each sperm quality data without statistical significance. Results: taking MT 1-2 months after treatment were statistically matching t test: sperm density detection rate of live,live the reference rate reached normal 46.8 percent respectively,(P 0.05)statistically significant difference (P 0.001)34.78%,statistically significant differences. Sperm density,sperm live rate respectively 58.69% period (P 0.05)statistically significant differences,56.52%(P 0.05)statistically significant differences. Conclusion: oral MT semen parameters have different degree after the improvement of other pregnancy,11 19.64%.


The fields of rational functions on the moduli varieties of stable (symplectic) vector bundles over the projective plane are described. As a consequence the rationality of some series of moduli varieties is proved.


Compact matrix quantum groups act naturally on Cuntz algebras. The first author isolated certain conditions under which the fixed point algebras under this action are Kirchberg algebras. Hence they are completely determined by their K-groups. Building on prior work by the second author, we prove that free easy quantum groups satisfy these conditions and we compute the K-groups of their fixed point algebras in a general form. We then turn to examples such as the quantum permutation group S + n , the free orthogonal quantum group O + n and the quantum reflection groups H s+ n . Our fixed point-algebra con- struction provides concrete examples of free actions of free orthogonal easy quantum groups, which are related to Hopf{Galois extensions.


Every year in the United States, more than 3 million adults are determined to have high blood pressure. The prevalence of hypertension continues to rise and the federal medical spending for the hypertensive population is approximately 131 million dollars more than that for the non‐hypertensive population. This has led to a heightened interest in the study of blood pressure (BP) regulation because the underlying mechanism for hypertension remains unclear. Studies have shown that the epidermal growth factor (EGF) decreases the open probability of the epithelial‐Na+ channel (ENaC) located along the apical surface of the kidney cortical collecting duct (CCD). Yet, it is unknown whether EGF influences renal Na+ transport via the Na+‐Cl‐cotransporter (NCC) located along the apical surface of the kidney distal convoluted tubule (DCT). Our laboratory has investigated the whether EGF regulates NCC. We performed various in vitro experiments such as cell surface biotinylation, standard immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation using mouse distal convoluted (mDCT‐15) cells. Ultimately, we found that increasing EGF led to a decrease in NCC surface expression with increase endocytosis of surface NCC. Overall, the findings from our studies and the results from other researchers, collectively suggested that EGF decreases the activity of two key mediators of salt‐sensitive blood pressure, ENaC and NCC. Therefore, this served as the rationale for investigating whether EGF inhibition affects the salt‐sensitivity of blood pressure. We hypothesized that the inhibition of EGF would increase the blood pressure (BP) in response to a higher dietary Na+ intake. Using radio‐telemetry, we collected the systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements in five male mice ages 6–7 weeks old. These animals received a low Na+ diet (0.4% Na chow) for 6 days and high Na+ diet (4% Na chow) for 8 days. Over this period of two weeks, only the experimental (E) group (n=3) received gefitinib (an EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) at a regimen of 100 mg/kg/d given orally while the control (C) group (n=2) received a placebo. The results for the change in nocturnal SBP (when the mice are awake) while receiving low Na+ diet (0.4% Na+ chow) versus high Na+ diet (4% Na+ chow), showed the experimental group had a greater increase in SBP in response to a higher dietary Na+ intake (E group: −7.70 ± 0.17 vs. C group: −0.311 ± 0.29 mmHg, p<0.001). The delta (Δ) for the difference in BP change when increasing the dietary Na+ intake was greater for the experimental group of mice (Δ = −7.40 mmHg, p<0.001). Therefore, our data strongly suggests that inhibition of EGF increases salt sensitivity in blood pressure (BP). In continuation of our investigation, we will explore the role that NCC and ENaC play in this effect. Our novel findings suggest there could be another molecular pathway of interest for effective treatment in the hypertensive population, especially in persons with salt‐sensitive hypertension.


crem ated or otherwise, were found and excavation revealed only a few sherds of round-bottomed pots and a flint arrowhead. The construction sequence, too, remains uncertain. Grimes felt, while excavating the tomb, that it was of one phase with the long cairn, similar to court cairns in Ireland, being an original feature. Subsequently, Lynch has suggested that details within the cairn might hint at a two-phase construc tion with an original portal dolmen and a short cairn later embellished with a length ened cairn and an elaborate façade and forecourt. With no dating evidence, the relation ship with the other Nevern tombs must remain uncertain, and one's feeling that this must represent the ultimate in the tradition of tomb building in the area must remain entirely unproven, as indeed must the reality of the faint decorative 'cupmark' traceable in a good light on the portal stone.


This paper analyzes the both sides of the expropriated plantation system and the necessity of the reform first,then definitudes the meaning of the arable land quality's price and the expropriated area's integrated compensation price.The paper not only broadens the scope of the compensation for expropriation,but also sets up the standard which is used for compensating the expropriated area,and the indexes which are used for measure.It partitions the expropriated arable land area to four levels which are belonged to the city of Zhumadian in Henan province,and assesses the arable land quality price using the proceeds-return method.Considering the temporal value of the capital,the authors take three Safeguard prices as keystone to analyze: Firstly,it's Social security price which is the base price to maintenance the basic live line of the peasants who have lost their farmland.Secondly,Medical insurance price,which insures the basic medical treatment right of the peasants.Thirdly,Re-employment guarantee price,which will enhance the ability of competition.Finally,based on these methods,the authors figure out the synthesized price of compensation,which is the first level of expropriated plantation(only the dry land).Based on the analyzing pathway,we can work out the synthesized price of compensation which is about 87 291.21 Yuan per 0.067 hectare land(only the dry land).We have two points to explain or compare as follows: on the one hand,the conclusion that we have worked out merely belongs to the first level area which we have fixed.The expropriated object merely is the dry land.According to the approach,we can work out other level sections' compensated synthesized price also.On the other hand,the justice is the start of our study,so the conclusion of our research is beyond the result that we get with product-multiple method,which is based on the land management law.The count method of compensation price can more guarantee the lost farmland farmer's rational benefit,and offer a new way and reference for the existing land expropriate system.In a word,the low compensation price will damage landless peasants' interests;conversely,the high price for compensation will increase the cost of industrialization and hinder the process of urbanization.The beginning of our research is fair and reasonable,the compensated synthesized price ideas and methods have expressed this thought.


Effective reversing aids on trucks can improve safety and reduce the costs of repairing damage caused by trucks reversing into objects. The ways in which reversing aids can improve safety and limit damage were demonstrated in a trial set up by Vision Techniques and Commercial Motor at MIRA in the UK. The following products were evaluated: the VT50HS colour systems, the VT-68 Emir colour system, the VT45 Emir monochrome system, and the Mitsubishi CV40 monochrome system. The equipment was fitted to the following trucks: a DAF CF75, a Foden Alpha, a Mercedes Benz 6x4 2628 with a Hymix mixer barrel, a Dennis Elite T1 refuse collector, a DAF LF65 4x2 road sweeper, and a Mercedes-Benz Atego 1523.


Microscale V-shaped impact pits are formed on copper surfaces after sandblasting.After surface oxidation,the whole copper surface is uniformly and completely covered by petal-like CuO nanosheets.Micro-and nanoscale structures are fabricated by a combination of sandblasting and surface oxidation,which leads to a high water contact angle of 161° and an ultra-low water roll angle of 1° for the surface after fluorination.Water condensation is difficult at low temperatures as heat transfer between the surface and water droplets is greatly reduced on these surfaces.This is thought to be the main reason for the improvement in ice resistance of the superhydrophobic copper surface.Superhydrophobic copper surfaces with excellent anti-icing performance can be widely used in many fields such as in heat exchange and in products operating at low temperatures.Such a facile technique is expected to be a feasible method for the industrial fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces on other engineering materials.


Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is an intracellular protein involved in signal transduction from TNF receptor I and II and related receptors. TRAF2 is required for TNF-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK), and TRAF2 can also mediate activation of NF-κB. Here we have identified the actin-binding protein Filamin (actin-binding protein-280) as a TRAF2-interacting protein. Filamin binds to the Ring zinc finger domain of TRAF2. Overexpressed Filamin inhibits TRAF2-induced activation of JNK/SAPK and of NF-κB. Furthermore, ectopically expressed Filamin inhibits NF-κB activation induced via TNF, interleukin-1, Toll receptors, and TRAF6 but not activation induced via overexpression of NIK, a downstream effector in these pathways. Importantly, TNF fails to activate SAPK or NF-κB in a human melanoma cell line deficient in Filamin. Reintroduction of Filamin into these cells restores the TNF response. The data imply a role for Filamin in inflammatory signal transduction pathways.


The emerging concern about the increase of antibiotic resistance has encouraged research efforts to develop effective alternatives to counteract bacterial infections. Herein, we studied a new perspective to therapeutic treatment against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, an opportunistic pathogen documented as the major cause of skin, ear, and post-operative bacterial infections in dogs and cats. Antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites produced by selected microbial strains belonging to Trichoderma, Talaromyces, Clonostachys and Coniothyrium fungal genera has been tested against S. pseudintermedius. Several extracts, particularly those obtained from Trichoderma harzianum E45 and ET45, showed a significant antimicrobial activity toward S. pseudintermedius methicillin-resistant (MRSP) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSP) strains. Bioassay guided fractionation of E45 and ET45 extracts allowed to isolate harzianic acid as the major compound responsible for biological activities (e.g. antimicrobial, antibiofilm formation and biofilm disaggregation). Appendix A. Supplementary data Table S1. Fungal strains used in this work. Table S2. Main secondary metabolites identified in fungal cultures by LC-MS qTOF. Table S3. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of methicillin-resistant (MRSP) and methicillinsusceptible (MSSP) S. pseudintermedius tested in this study. Table S4. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC μg ml-1) of fungal extracts against methicillinresistant (MRSP) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSP) S. pseudintermedius. Vancomycin served as positive control. Figure S1. Antibiofilm activity on MRSP (A) and MSSP (B) of fungal extracts obtained by T. harzianum strains ET45 and E45. Fungal extracts were tested at different concentrations ranging from 8 to 128 μg ml -1 . Untreated MRSP and MSSP and EDTA-inoculated cultures were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Data represent means ± standard deviations from three independent experiments (performed in triplicate). *indicates significant differences (P<0.05) compared with controls. Figure S2. Antimicrobial activity of harzianic acid (HA) against MRSP (A) and MSSP (B). Harzianic acid was tested at concentrations ranging from 8 to 128 μg ml -1 . Untreated MRSP and MSSP cultures (MRSP and MSSP, respectively), and solvent (DMSO)-inoculated cultures (MRSP+DMSO and MSSP+DMSO, respectively) were used as controls. Data represent means ± standard deviations from three independent experiments (performed in triplicate). *indicates significant differences (P<0.05) compared with controls. Figure S3. Effect of harzianic acid (HA) on biofilm formation (A) and biofilm disaggregation (B) against methicillin-resistant (MRSP) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSP) S. pseudintermedius. Harzianic acid was tested at concentrations ranging from 16 to 64 μg ml -1 . Data represent means ± standard deviations from three independent experiments (performed in triplicate). *indicates significant differences (P < 0.05) compared with controls. Figure S4. Effect of fungal extracts on HaCaT cells viability assessed by MTT assay. X axis reported concentrations of fungal extracts (μg ml -1 ). Y axis reported the % decrement cell viability compared to untreated control (HaCaT). Data represent means ± standard deviations from three independent experiments (performed in triplicate). *Indicates significant differences (P<0.05) compared with control. Figure S5. Effect of harzianic acid (HA) on HaCaT cells viability assessed by MTT assay. X axis reported concentrations of harzianic acid (μg ml -1 ). Y axis reported the % decrement cell viability compared to untreated control (HaCaT). Data represent means ± standard deviations from three independent experiments (performed in triplicate). *Indicates significant differences (P<0.05) compared with control. Figure S4. 1 H NMR Spectrum of harzianic acid in CDCl3. Figure S5. 13 C NMR Spectrum of harzianic acid in CDCl3. Figure S6. LC-MS qTOF spectrum of harzianic acid. Appendix B. Supplemental experimental procedures Exp S1. Fungal strains and culturing conditions Exp S2 Metabolites extraction Exp S3 Isolation of harzianic acid. Exp S4 LC-MS qTOF analysis Exp S5 Bacterial strains Exp 6. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Exp 7. In vitro biofilm formation assay Exp 8. Disaggregation of preformed biofilm Exp 9. Cytotoxicity on eukaryotic cells (MTT assay) Exp 10. Data analysis Table S1. Fungal strains used in this work.


This book reviews the role of British Foreign Secretaries in the formulation of British policy towards Japan from the re-opening of Japan in the middle of the nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century. It also takes a critical look at the history of British relations with Japan over these years. Beginning with Lord John Russell (Foreign Secretary 1859-1865) and concluding with Geoffrey Howe (Secretary of State for Foreign & Commonwealth Affairs, 1983-1989), the volume also examines the critical roles of two British Prime Ministers in the latter part of the twentieth century, Edward Heath and Margaret Thatcher, who ensured that Britain recognized both the reality and the opportunities for Britain resulting from the Japanese economic and industrial phenomenon. Heath's main emphasis was on opening the Japanese market to British exports. Thatcher's was on Japanese investment. This volume is a valuable addition to the Japan Society's series devoted to aspects of Anglo-Japanese relations which includes ten volumes of Britain & Japan: Biographical Portraits as well as British Envoys in Japan.


There is a bizarre phenomenon that the proportion of added value in the tertiary industry appeared to substantially rise under the condition of much higher growth rate in the second industry in China from 1980 to 2011.The reason is that the official growth rate of the tertiary industry in China is measured by constant prices,while the proportion of added value in the tertiary industry is measured in accordance with the current price in the very years.The reconstruction quantitative decomposition model is employed to measure and interpret the contribution of driving forces of the evolution of added value proportion in the tertiary industry in China in the time period.The result indicates that there are three factors contributing to the rise of added value proportion in the tertiary industry in the time period.The primary factor is the continuous and faster rise of the proportion of labor forces in the tertiary industry.The second factor is that the amount of increase of prices in tertiary industry is significantly higher than that in other industries.The third factor is that the sharp backward growth of productivity of labor in the tertiary industry hinders the rise of added value proportion in the industry.The sharp backward growth of productivity of labor in the tertiary industry is mainly due to excessive expansion of labor forces,mismatch of internal employment structure.


Undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) is becoming more widely recognized as an important fiber fraction in forage quality assessment because it explains a portion of NDF that is inaccessible to digestion in the ruminant digestive system and is, thus, important in modeling the digestion kinetics of the potentially degradable component of NDF. In experiment 1, uNDF was determined in several forage species in order to compare the accuracy of two reference methods: (1) a long-term in vitro ruminal fermentation (240 h) using an Ankom DaisyII incubator and (2) a multi-step enzymatic method without ruminal fluid. The objective of experiment 2 was to construct predictive equations for uNDF estimation using acid detergent lignin (ADL) and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in a pool (n = 264) of alfalfa hay, timothy hay, and tall fescue straw, using the most accurate reference method selected in experiment 1. Partial least squares regression analysis was used to calibrate the reference values against NIRS spectra. Several indicators were used to assess the performance of validation results, including standard error of cross-validation (SECrV), coefficient of determination of cross-validation (R2CrV), and ratio percentage deviation (RPD). The findings of experiment 1 suggested that, relative to the in vitro ruminal methodology, the enzymatic approach overestimated uNDF concentration of forages. Repeatability coefficient was also greater when uNDF was determined using the in vitro versus enzymatic procedure, potentially disqualifying the enzymatic method for the uNDF analysis in forages. In experiment 2, a poor relationship was established between ADL and uNDF (R2 < 0.60), suggesting the inadequacy of ADL parameter to represent the uNDF pool size in these forages. The best predictive equation using NIRS was obtained for alfalfa hay (R2CrV = 0.92; SECrV = 1.16; RPD = 3.57), using the in vitro fermentation as a reference method. The predictive equations were moderately accurate for timothy hay (R2CrV = 0.80; SECrV = 1.31; RPD = 2.08) and tall fescue straw (R2CrV = 0.79; SECrV = 1.38; RPD = 2.18). Our findings suggested the inadequacy of the enzymatic procedure in accurately determining uNDF concentration of forages as compared with the in vitro rumen fermentation protocol. Although the NIRS equations developed using the alfalfa hay dataset were more accurate than that of timothy hay and tall fescue straw, the validation results verified applicability of the equations as a fast screening tool for qualitative prediction of uNDF in these forages, which is important in commercial settings.


A 96kW traction permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) is designed by means of finite element analysis(FEA) of electromagnetic field according to the traction and working characteristics of the locomotive. Due to the adverse installation environment, the temperature rise, strength and other characteristics of the motor should be simulated and analyzed accurately during the design process. In this paper, the electromagnetic characteristics are obtained through the FEA of electromagnetic field. And on the basis of the electromagnetic field, fluid field, thermal field, rotor strength and so on, the multi-physics field of the traction motor is analyzed. The simulation results provide a basis for motor design and verify its rationality. This paper proves the correctness of the simulation analysis and design method of traction permanent magnet (PM) motor, and lays a certain foundation for the subsequent design of traction motor for rail vehicles.


Tunneling properties and their temperature variations of molecular bean epitaxy grown symmetric AlAs/GaAs/AlAs resonant tunneling diodes with thin barriers are studied theoretically and experimentally. The measured peak and valley current densities show strong dependences on temperature. A Monte Carlo simulation including impurity and optical‐phonon scatterings is developed for the calculation of the current‐voltage behavior of the double barrier structures. This approach reveals pronounced temperature dependent tunneling features which agree well with measured results.


The proliferation of social networking sites and their user base has led to an exponential increase in the amount of data generated on a daily basis. Textual content is one type of data that is commonly found on these platforms, and it has been shown to have a signi fi cant impact on decision-making processes at the individual, group, and national levels. One of the most important and largest part of this data are the texts that express human intentions, feelings and condition. Understanding these texts is one of the biggest challenges that facing data analysis. It is the backbone for understanding people, their orientations, and making decisions in many cases and thus predicting their behavior. In this paper, a model was proposed for understanding texts that written by people on social media platforms, and hence knowing people ' s attitudes within speci fi c topics, the emotion of those people, positivity, negativity, and neutrality. Also, it extracts emotion of those people. In this context, the system solves many tasks in natural language processing therefore it uses many techniques including topic classi fi er, sentiment analyzer, sarcasm detector and emotion classi fi er. CNN-BiLSTM was used for topic classi fi er, sentiment analyzer, sarcasm detector, and emotion classi fi er where (f-measure, accuracy) were (97,97.58) %, (84,86) %, (95,97) %, and (82,81.6) % respectively.


The application of microemulsions as solvents for organic synthesis is demonstrated with ten reactions that are usually performed in polar organic solvents or by phase-transfer catalysis


In this work, we performed a study of an interferometric high sensitivity photonic crystal (PhC) sensor applied to measure glucose concentration in human urine samples. The architecture of the photonic sensor numerically simulated is based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer formed by a coupled waveguide-cavity system. The sensor operates using photonic mode transitions detected from the photonic band diagram analysis, driven by changes in the glucose concentration in the urine samples that affect the refractive index of the optical sampling cavity. The photonic mode transition causes a phase shift between the wave traveling in the reference arm of the interferometer and the propagating electromagnetic wave in the sensing cavity containing the probing sample. As a consequence, the transmittance at the output of the interferometer can be modulated, making it extremely sensitive to changes in the refractive index of the sensing cavity. Since the PhC sensor studied works under variations in transmittance, we proposed a sensitivity coefficient as a function of the change in transmittance per unit change in the refractive index. The sensitivity achieved by the photonic sensor presents a value of 7000%/RIU, which indicates a variation in transmittance of 70% for changes in the refractive index of 0.01. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using photonic transitions between modes as a sensing tool in integrated photonic devices.


Besides oncologic outcomes, functional outcomes (preservation of potency and early recovery of the pre-operative urinary continence) are the two main goals of radical prostatectomy. Tailoring the most appropriate but also the most conservative surgery in patients with low or intermediate risk prostate cancer is one of the hottest topic in urologic oncology nowdays. A number of nomograms, risk calculators and graphic tools have been developed to gather data from biopsy, blood samples and radiologic imaging and help clinicians to find the best balance between oncologic and functional goals. *Correspondence to: Tommaso Prayer Galetti, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology – Urology, University of Padova, Italy, Tel: +390498212720, Fax: +39.0498218758, E-mail: email@example.com


Wikis, freely editable collections of web pages, are showing potential for a flexible documentation and communication tool for collaborative design tasks. They also provide a medium that can be further transformed by properly understanding both the need for flexibility as well as support for design thinking early in the design process. The purpose of this work is to analyze the different dimensions of the wiki from a communication perspective as applicable to design. With a focus on communication in design, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of using wikis in student engineering design teams. Our ultimate goal is to better support the design process while exploiting the potential for increasing the shared understanding among teams using a wiki. By introducing a wiki in a globally distributed product development course, students gain hands-on experience in using wikis as a design tool. Feedback from students will be collected through questionnaires and used to improve and transform the wiki as a support tool for communication during early design collaboration.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


The present article focuses on the quantitative analysis of a polyherbal formulation containing arjuna, guggul, and pushkarmoola in a combined dosage form which is used for its cardioprotective, anti-anginal, and hypolipidemic activities. Quantification of guggulsterones E and Z was done by developing and validating a high-performance thin-layer chromatography method after extraction by methanol. Densitometric evaluation was carried out on precoated silica gel G60 F254 high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates using toluene—ethyl acetate (8:2, v/v) as the mobile phase. Based on the HPTLC results, the methanol extract of guggulsterone was chosen as it showed a better separation of spots as compared to another extract. After postderivatization of plates with anisaldehyde—sulfuric acid (10%) reagent, the methanol extracts gave different color spots (the arjuna extract gave a blue spot, the guggul extract gave orange and brown spot, and pushkarmoola gave dark blue spot). Scanning and densitometric evaluations were done at 251 nm. The calibration curve was plotted in the concentration range of 0.2–1.2 μg spot−1 for both guggulsterone E and guggulsterone Z, and the method was found linear with r2 = 0.9902 and 0.9883, respectively. The developed method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for accuracy, precision, range, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). Assay quantitation was performed based on the regression equation obtained from the linearity of the standard guggulsterones E and Z. The developed HPTLC method is fast, simple, precise, specific, and accurate; hence, it can be successfully employed for the quantification of guggulsterones E and Z in polyherbal formulations. Furthermore, the developed method can also be used for the standardization of herbal formulations containing guggulsterones E and Z.


The effects of ultrasonic rolling processing on the properties of GCr15 bearing steel were studied in this paper. The specimens were treated with different values of preload in ultrasonic rolling processing. The surface roughness, microhardness and rolling contact fatigue life of the specimens before and after ultrasonic rolling processing were analysed and compared. The index of power density was firstly introduced and combined with ultrasonic rolling parameters. The results show that the qualities of surface roughness and microhardness are improved after ultrasonic rolling treatment, and the friction coefficient is reduced. However, when the ultrasonic rolling power density exceeds 11.24 Gw/cm2, the grain sizes of the specimens becomes larger, which leads to the increase of the internal stress, resulting in the initiation and propagation of crack. The propagation mode of fatigue cracks changes from transcrystalline to intergranular after ultrasonic rolling treatment, reducing the performances of wear resistance and rolling contact fatigue.


Geothermal Well Desert Peak No. B-23-1 was logged by Dresser Atlas during April/May 1979 to a total depth of 2939 m (9642 ft). A temperature of 209/sup 0/C (408/sup 0/F) was observed on the maximum thermometer run with one of the logging tools. Borehole tools rated to a maximum temperature of 204.4/sup 0/C (400/sup 0/F) were utilized for logging except for the Densilog tool, which was from the other set of borehole instruments, rated to a still higher temperature, i.e., 260/sup 0/C (500/sup 0/F). The quality of the logs recorded and the environmental effects on the log response have been considered. The log response in the unusual lithologies of igneous and metamorphic formations encountered in this well could be correlated with the drill cutting data. An empirical, statistical log interpretation approach has made it possible to obtain meaningful information on the rocks penetrated. Various crossplots/histograms of the corrected log data have been generated on the computer. These are found to provide good resolution between the lithological units in the rock sequence. The crossplotting techniques and the statistical approach were combined with the drill cutting descriptions in order to arrive at the lithological characteristics. The results of log analysis and recommendationsmore » for logging of future wells have been included.« less


Summary: Measurements are presented of the amount of air which flows axially towards the surface of a disc rotating at various speeds when the nature of flow is turbulent. The method used is similar to that of Ricou and Spalding for the case of the axisymmetrical turbulent jet. The area to one side of the disc is surrounded by a chamber, leaving a small gap between the chamber and the disc. Air is injected into this via a porous baffle until the pressure in the chamber is uniform and atmospheric, a condition which is taken to signify that the "entrainment appetite" of the disc is satisfied. Existing theories predict the results obtained well at high disc Reynolds numbers, but give greater entrainment rates than experiment at low disc Reynolds numbers. More precise measurements are needed to substantiate these conclusions: in particular the use of a hot-wire anemometer seems essential.


Social capital theory integrates both individual and institutional perspectives in studies of governance, but interactions between individual and institutional components are underdeveloped with regard to strategies tailored to specific populations of actors. Until this point, the discussion of social capital has been developed in terms of observable outputs, with a specific focus on analyzing self-organizing collaboration. The experimental literature on collective behavior tends to focus on cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma game, in either single shot or repeated interactions. In these two papers, I utilize a combination of experimental and survey data to ask what drives collective behavior in four separate economic games, the prisoner's dilemma, a simple matching game, the battle of the sexes and the stag hunt. Each game has a unique set of strategies and incentives to mimic four distinct challenges associated with collective behavior. The first paper focuses on the prisoner's dilemma, one of the most widely studied networked games in the literature, where the risk of defection poses a threat to cooperation.


The paper presents a rule based programming approach for thermal unit commitment. The method combines different constrained search techniques in the form of the if-then rules. These rules are held in the knowledge base of the software and are processed by an iterative forward chaining paradigm. Optimum commitment for a larger system can be obtained using a set of production rules with a lesser run time. The software is implemented using both C and Prolog for a 20-unit commitment schedule.


This invention discloses a method for increasing the using rate of high speed down packet access including: a radio network controller judges out that a local area accessed by UE supports high speed down packet access, then judges if said area has enough down packet access resource, if so, it distributes access resource to the UE, if not, it starts up a trigger mode, the radio network controller judges if said local area has enough high speed down packet access again till it distributes the access resource to the UE.


Amphiphilic polystyrene-ionene diblock copolymers with blocks of controlled molecular weights were synthesized by a new method. The preparation starts with the anionic polymerization of styrene with 3-(dimethylamino)propyl- lithium as initiator, yielding tertiary amino end-functionalized polystyrenes of molecular weights that can be v_aried over a wide range from 1 to 100 kg/mol, and a relatively low polydispersity (M J M a = M -l-4). The crucial step in this method is the stepwise coupling of the reactive end-group of the polystyrene with bromo- and tertiary-amino-terminated monodisperse oligomeric 2,4-ionenes. The amphiphilic polymers with well-defined block lengths were characterized by thin-layer chromatography, end-group titration and elemental analysis. Amphiphilic block copolymers with a monodisperse ionene block consisting of up to 10 quaternary ammonium groups could be derived.


Abstract The second-order coherent properties of Gaussian-Schell beams propagating through turbulent media as described by the Kolmogorov turbulence model are studied and some theoretical results are presented in this paper.


The influence of ruby laser irradiation on the exciton spectra of PbI2 crystals of 2H and 4H poly-types is studied. It is shown that the first pulses of laser irradiation lead to the creation of one-dimensional disorder due to generation of stacking faults. The presence of stacking disorder leads to a localization of the excitonic wave functions in the direction perpendicular to the layer packets, causing a "fine" structure of the exciton band. The repeated irradiation leads to stacking faults ordering into the high-symmetry 2H polytype, which has a shorter translational period in comparison with other polytypes and, thus requires less time for its ordering.

[Russian Text Ignore].


We review recent advances in the understanding of self-assembly principles in lipidbased lyotropic lipid crystals, from the original rationalization achieved using the critical packing parameter up to recent, more sophisticated thermodynamics approaches, such as the self-consistent field theory, which can be efficiently used to minimize the total free energy of a lipid–water system and identify stable mesophases. We highlight the importance of reversible hydrogen bonding as one of the key parameters ruling the self-assembly in these systems and examine the implications this may have also in real applications. We finally discuss the current understanding on the dynamics of phase transitions and review the status of the art on current atomistic approaches to investigate the relaxation dynamics in these systems. 1.


Komatiites contain economic important nickel, chromium, titanium and copper deposits and their spectral absorption characters are highly important in the remote sensing technique to map and explore such deposits bearing rocks. This study integrates hyperspectral signatures; petrological and geochemical characters of serpentinite bearing ultramafic komatiite rock noticed at the Ghattihosahalli Schist Belt (GSB), near Kumminagatta village, in the Chitradurga district of Karnataka, India and demonstrate specific spectral absorptions of the rock. The measurement of spectral signatures of the rock using spectroradiometer produced significant absorptions near 700, 900 to1100, 1400, 2300, 2380 and 2470 nm in the 350-2500 nm wavelength. The spectral absorptions depend mainly on the optical and physico-chemical characters of the rock and are studied with the spectra of mineral library of USGS and JPL and characterized. This study can be used in the remote sensing technique to map similar rocks and bearing mineralization of the remote areas.


The culture of learning that defines Web Society converges to the construction of a new educational model, featured by the diversity and plurality of individuals. However, the normality standards are socially established accentuate the problem that stigmatizes the universe of deficiency, which relates it to incapacity or ineffectiveness. The objective of this article is to comprehend the learning processes circumscribed to the universe of people with hearing and visual impairments along with people without deficiencies. Therefore, it is utilized by the qualitative research supported by the Focus Group technique. Based on the Situated Cognition Theory and Jungian Symbolic Pedagogy, the participants' perceptions are analyzed in three different focal groups. It is possible to reframe the concept of inclusion by indicating that learning difficulties are not directly connected to the deficiency, but indeed come from the shadow formed in unconsciousness. The inclusive proposals must overcome the paradigm of dominantly rational learning and include wider dimensions that also form the totality of being.


Given a spectrally negative L\'evy process and independent Poisson observation times, we consider a periodic barrier strategy that pushes the process down to a certain level whenever it is above it. We also consider the versions with additional classical reflection above and/or below. Using scale functions and excursion theory, various fluctuation identities are computed in terms of the scale function. Applications in de Finetti's dividend problems are also discussed.


Seperable Reversible Data Hiding is a novel technique which is used to embed additional information in the encrypted images, used in military and biological images, which can be recoverable with original media and the hidden data without loss. In the first phase, a content owner encrypts the original uncompressed image using an encryption key and common key. Then, a data-hider may compress the least significant bits of the encrypted image using a data-hiding key to create a sparse space to accommodate some available data. With an changed image containing additional data, if a receiver has the data-hiding key and a common key, he can extract the additional data though he does not know the image content. If the receiver has the encryption key and a common key, he can decrypt the received data to obtain an image similar to the initial one, but cannot extract the additional data. If the receiver has the data- hiding key, the common key and the encryption key, he can separate the additional data and recover the original content without any distortion.This paper poses both authentication and security.


The health reform process in Switzerland is complicated and almost always takes a very long time due to the fact that particularly broad consensus of the main stakeholders is required. One important area of reform in recent years has been the acute inpatient sector: Diagnosis Related Group (DRG-) based hospital payment was introduced in 2012 and hospital planning was considerably improved through the adoption of detailed planning criteria and increased coordination across cantons. This article provides an overview of hospital reforms in Switzerland and highlights interesting features of the hospital planning model that was adopted by most Cantons in 2015.


Objective The objective of this study was to present the clinical, histopathologic, and radiographic findings of a unique case of intimal sarcoma (IS) embolus presenting as a large vessel occlusion causing an ischemic stroke without a detectable primary tumor site. Methods Extensive examinations, multimodal imaging, laboratory testing, and histopathologic analysis were used in evaluation. Results We report the case of a patient who presented with acute embolic ischemic stroke and was found to have IS based on a histopathologic evaluation of his embolectomy specimen. Subsequent comprehensive imaging studies failed to detect a primary tumor site. Multidisciplinary interventions including a course of radiotherapy were performed. The patient died of recurrent multifocal strokes 92 days after diagnosis. Discussion Meticulous histopathologic analysis should be conducted on cerebral embolectomy specimens. Histopathology may be useful in diagnosing IS.


Three Monte Carlo estimation schemes were studied to avoid the difficulties caused by the (1/r/sup 2/) singularity in the expression of the normal next-event estimator (NEE) for the flux at a point. A new, fast, once-more collided flux estimator (OMCFE) scheme, based on a very simple probability density function (p.d.f.) of the distance to collision in the selection of the intermediate collision points, is proposed. This kind of p.d.f. of the collision distance is used in two nonanalog schemes using the NEE. In these two schemes, which have principal similarities to some schemes proposed earlier in the literature, the (1/r/sup 2/) singularity is canceled by incorporating the singularity into the p.d.f. of the collision points. This is achieved by playing a suitable nonanalog game in the neighborhood of the detector points. The three schemes were tested in a monoenergetic, homogeneous infinite-medium problem, then were evaluated in a point-cross-section problem by using the Monte Carlo code MCNG. 10 figures.


In the framework of deformation quantization, we obtain a deformation of Donaldson moment map on $\textrm{Diff}_0(M)$, the connected component of the group of diffeomorphisms of a symplectic manifold $(M,\omega)$ admitting another symplectic structure $\chi$.


Abstract: Background/aims: Fibrosis and cirrhosis are common complications of chronic liver diseases. An imbalance between fibrogenesis and fibrolysis results in scarring of the liver parenchyma. We aimed to investigate the possible antifibrotic effectiveness of a newly modified interferon molecule peginterferon α2b (PEG‐IFNα2b) which has better antiviral activity, and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).


A high performance capillary electrophoresis with conductivity detection method for the determination of chlorphenamine maleate in Keteling capsules was presented. Separation was carried out in an uncoated fused silica capillary column (40cm×75μm), 1×10 -3 mol/L Na 2HPO 4 solution and 15kV operation voltage. It had a good linearity in the concentration range of 9.8~117.6μg/ml. The average recovery was 96.8% with RSD of 1.9%.


The purpose of this paper is to provide a proper identification of normal irreducible, regular algebraic monoids. The results from the work of Renner [3,4] suggest that we should be able to find a classification of  these monoids in terms of their unit groups, and related toroidal data. That is what we accomplish here. Keywords: Unipotent radical, . toroidal data, normal, irreducible, regular, zero element, maximal torus, Zariski closure, Lie algebra Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics , Volume 19 (November, 2011), pp 37 – 40


When placed in a Hele-Shaw cell and submitted to a uniform magnetic field, a suspension of superparamagnetic particles self-organizes into a 2D array of columns with hexagonal order on short distances and glasslike order on long distances. Such arrays were usefully used for fast electrophoretic separation of long DNA molecules. Although self-assembled matrices have the advantages of simplicity and tunability, it is impossible to have the precisely controlled order and pore size obtainable in a microlithographic array. We address the latter challenge here. A magnetic nickel template is prepared on one cell surface by lift-off. Under a uniform external field, the nickel dots create local magnetic field gradients that attracts the beads, imposing a predefined order. We demonstrate the ability to separate long DNA molecules with these matrices and achieve the first steps of studying the resolution of the DNA separation over a wide range of posts density.


We discuss the possibility of non-exponential decay of various quantum quasistationary systems. This effect can occur at the times which are greater than the lifetime of a considered system. The mechanism for non-exponential depletion of an initial quasistationary state is the cutting of the energy spectrum of final continuous states at long times. We first consider the known examples of cold emission of electrons from metal, tunneling alpha-decay of atomic nuclei, and spontaneous decay in two-level systems. The new physical situations discussed are the single-photon atomic ionization by a weak electromagnetic field and tunneling ionization of atoms by a strong low-frequency electromagnetic field. In both cases the decay obeys a power-law dependence on the (long) interaction time. We find that the most promising possibility for observing non-exponential decay at long times is the single-photon ionization of negative atomic ions near the threshold.


Summary In the flow over high-lift aerofoils there is a strong interaction between the wake from one element and the boundary layer on another element immediately downstream. A number of experimental investigation of these types of flow have been made but these studies do not allow the effects associated with the various parameters of the aerofoil to be seen easily. This paper presents the results of extensive measurements of mean and fluctuating quantities made in merging layers in zero and adverse pressure gradients downstream of aerofoils of various shapes. A general description of the emerging process is given and the effects of wake characteristics and pressure gradient are considered. The paper also contains a discussion of the modelling of the Reynolds shear stress in the merging layer.


Oblivious RAM schemes were proposed to protect software on un- trusted systems. However their huge overhead encumbers their practical deploy- ment. Recently, we proposed a new protection scheme using history of accesses. However, only the concept of the scheme was presented, and several issues were unclear for its implementation. In this paper, we propose a new instance of the scheme, which can be implemented with only software with less overhead than the previous instance. We also consider three attack scenarios and propose coun- termeasures. We implement the scheme with countermeasure and show that our scheme only requires 0.125(s) to write 1MB data.


The number of high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) in Australia grew strongly in the past 12 months. New insights from CoreData's Private Bank Intelligence Unit (PBIU) suggest the rate was 11 per cent, well above the recent trend of 7 per cent a year, and that there are now just more than 200,000 people classified as high-net-worth - that is, with $1 million or more of investable assets.


Abstract The atmospheric angular momentum balance is studied by analyzing the data during a simulated January of the Oregon State University two-level atmospheric general circulation model. Monthly zonal means of the Coriolis torques, the vertical transfer of relative angular momentum by penetrating convection, midlevel convection, background viscosity, pressure force and vertical motion, the meridional transfer of relative angular momentum by the standing zonal mean motion, standing eddies and transient motion, and the surface exchange of relative angular momentum by oceanic and continental friction and mountain torque are computed. It is found that midlevel convection is a negligible component in the momentum balance, and the midlevel pressure torque is a significant downward transfer only in the Northern Hemisphere middle latitudes where the major mountains of the model exist. The momentum transfers by penetrating convection and background viscosity are comparable and generally downward, except for the...


S-boxes are important parts of modern ciphers. To construct S-boxes having cryptographic parameters close to optimal is an unsolved problem at present time. In this paper some new methods for generating such S-boxes are introduced.


Rope force of recoil starter is an important design parameter for starting safety. This paper analyzes the starting resistance torque of an internal combustion engine, and then proposes the appropriate calculation methods of friction resistance moment, compression resistance moment and inertia resistance moment. Taking several types of internal combustion engines for example, this paper analyzes the main factors influencing rope force, and then draws the conclusion that displacement and ambient temperature are the key to the rope force. The work provides the basis for the design and inspection of recoil starter.


ABSTRACT An ecological mapping project aims at mapping in advance areas along the Norwegian coast most likely to be exposed to oil spills from offshore oil activities. Up to now, the southernmost p...


OBJECTIVE
To study the lower G.I. endoscopic and histopathological findings in children with chronic diarrhoea.

DESIGN
Prospective analysis.

SETTING
Hospital based.

SUBJECT
83 children with age up to 14 years admitted in Umaid Hospital, Jodhpur including 33 subjects with chronic diarrhoea and 50 normal children in control group.

METHODS
All 83 children including study (33) and control group (50) underwent lower G.I. Endoscopy using FUJINON-SIG-ET sigmoidoscope in older children and PENTAX FG-23H gastroscope in younger children after proper preparation. Rectal biopsies were taken in all the subjects except one and was sent for histopathological examination.

RESULTS
Majority (90.8%) were in 0-5 year age group with median age of 3.8 years. We could finally reach to definitive diagnosis in 13% patients with chronic diarrhoea. Over all, colitis was the most common cause.

CONCLUSION
Both, endoscopy and biopsy are needed to reach final diagnosis.


between Congress and the White House over the executive's obligation to respond to congressional demands for information are legion. Starting with George Washington's 1796 refusal to provide the House of Representatives with correspondence relating to the negotiation of the Jay Treaty, 1 the legislative and executive branches have advanced dramatically different articulations of the reaches and limits of Congress' power to investigate executive branch operations. Reflecting deep-seated differences between executive and legislative branch sensibilities, these conflicts seem destined to continue. The Clinton Justice Department, for example, unsuccessfully fought an epic battle with the House Energy and Commerce Committee over the propriety of committee investigators interviewing 4 'line attorneys" of the Department's environmental crimes unit.2 A remarkable feature of these battles is that Congress' ultimate weapon to bring the executive branch into compliance with its information requests, the subpoena power, appears very much dependent on executive branch officials. Specifically, were Congress to conclude that an executive branch official was in contempt for failing to comply with a congressional subpoena, the matter would then be turned over to the Justice Department. Were the White House to assert executive privilege, however, as was the case with Reagan's EPA Administrator Anne Burford,3 the contempt finding almost certainly would go


For millennia, cooks have been enjoined to take but a pinch of it; more recently we have become accustomed to seeing road crews spread tons of the stuff on snowbound roads in winter, in what has become one of the fastest-growing sectors of this commodity's economy in the last two decades. The substance is, of course, salt; and it is the subject of this fascinating book by Robert P. Multhauf, research scholar at the Smithsonian Institution and former editor of Isis. As Dr. Multhauf's history makes abundantly clear, salt has been put to more than culinary and cryoscopic uses; indeed it has excellent claims to being considered mankind's ur-chemical. It is an essential component of our diet and that of many domesticated animals, and this fundamental need has sustained the recovery, refinement, and traffic in salt since the beginnings of human history. But it was also very early pressed into service for a myriad of purposes including the preservation of perishables, the treatment of animal skins and hides, and the basic cleansing of utensils. No scientific or technological innovation has seemed to diminish our need or eliminate our uses for it; rather the great technological revolutions that have marked the recovery and processing of basic raw materials have only stimulated consumption. Its production and refinement were transformed by the fuel revolution of the first industrial age-the switch from wood to coal-and salt became the raw material of the foremost heavy chemicals industry of the nineteenth century-the alkali industry, itself a response to diminished supplies of wood ash, the source of the original alkali, potash. Leblanc alkali was supplanted by Solvay alkali, but the new industrial process of electrolysis took up the slack when it sundered the constituents of sodium chloride into purer and more usable forms for the ever-expanding chemical industry. Electrolytically produced sodium hydroxide was employed in the extraction of aluminum and in the synthesis of rayon and the phenolic plastics; chlorine, long confined to a Cinderella role in bleaching powder, found new uses in manufacture of synthetic rubbers and plastics, in dry-cleaning fluids, pesticides and herbicides, aerosols, and other exotica of the twentieth century's fine chemicals industry. No matter how complex the synthetic pathways or reaction mechanisms, sodium chloride and its derivatives have always seemed to find a place. Nor has salt proved fickle. If we except localized scarcities, supply has always been equal to increased demand, and it has even survived the efforts of the tax gatherers in many different ages and cultures to raise revenues from its sale and use. Clearly Dr. Multhauf has a story of both importance and complexity to tell. How has he handled it and with what success? It should be said at the outset that the author's boldest and most original stroke has been to attempt the history of a substance. This at once removes his book from the conventional categories of the history of science and technology: in fact, as antecedent and inspiration for his work Multhauf has to go back to 1874 and an encyclopedic popular "history" by Matthias Schleiden (of cell theory fame) entitled Das Salz. With characteristic candor he tells us that he had intended a history of industrial chemistry but was overwhelmed by the starting material, so to speak. Nevertheless the original objective has left its mark on


The Iseult project is a French-German initiative focused on very high magnetic-field molecular imaging. The project includes a Whole Body 11.7 T MRI magnet installed at Neurospin, a neuroscience research center operating at CEA Saclay since November 2006. After 7 years of fabrication at Belfort by GE Power (Ex Alstom), the Iseult magnet was delivered to CEA in June 2017, its connection with the cryoplant and all the ancillary equipment was completed in October 2018. After 4 months of cooldown and another 4 months of tests, the Iseult magnet reached its nominal field of 11.72 T without any quench for the first time, on July 18th. This paper deals with the magnet connection at Neurospin with the cryoplant and with the electrical and control systems. Finally, the paper will present the magnet commissioning data, from the cooling phase to the step-by-step energization up to the nominal current.


Bipolar disorder is a common and complex condition, starting early in life and continuing throughout the life cycle. Most people suffering from bipolar disorder manifest other problems as well, including metabolic disturbances, cardiovascular disease, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder, and borderline personality disorder, among others. The treatment of bipolar disorder needs to be conceptualized within this context of early onset, chronic course, and signifi cant co-morbidity. Because of its unique mode of action, its effi cacy and its good tolerability profi le, aripiprazole is well placed among the different treatment options to benefi t the patient with bipolar disorder. This article will focus on aripiprazole's pharmacology, effi cacy, effectiveness, and tolerability from a clinical perspective, while considering the complexities of bipolar disorder.


1.1 Geographic Overview The Borough of Highlands is located along the Raritan Bayshore in Monmouth County. The Borough is bordered by the Borough of Atlantic Highlands to the west, the Township of Middletown to the south, and confluence of the Shrewsbury River and Sandy Hook Bay to the north and east. The Sandy Hook Gateway National Recreation Area lies across the river from Highlands and attracts major summer traffic to its Atlantic Ocean beaches. Route 36 runs through the Borough, providing the only major road access. The Sea Streak Ferry Company is currently providing ferry service to New York City. The Borough is considered "built-out."


Abstract In this paper we study the continuity of the embedding operator ℓ : ℋp(E) ↪ ℋ q(E) when 0 < p < q ⩽ ∞. The necessary and sufficient condition has already been described in [10] if p > 1. In this work, we address the problem when p = 1, using a new approach, but asking some additional hypothesis about the Hermite-Biehler function E. We give also a different proof for the case p > 1.


Based on the wafer level packaging technology, different widths and lengths of the strip line was designed, fabricate and measured. Meanwhile, to characterize the high frequency characteristics of the strip line, the skin effect has been considered to the transmission line theory equivalent circuit model. The proposed model is in good agreement with the measured data of the strip line in the frequency range of 10 GHz – 110 GHz. The proposed model can effectively support the co-simulation of the active device model and passive device model in heterogeneous integrated package, accelerate the optimization speed of circuit design iteration, and help reduce the time cost of the EM simulation of layout.