Abstract : Three alternative models of causal relations between job perceptions and job satisfaction were tested using confirmatory analytic techniques. The three causal models are: (a) a postcognitive-nonrecursive model in which job satisfaction occurs after job perceptions in the causal order, and job perceptions and job satisfaction are reciprocally related; (b) a precognitive-recursive model in which job perception occur after job satisfaction in the causal order and are effects but not causes of job satisfaction; and (c) a precognitive-nonrecursive model in which job satisfaction occurs prior to job perceptions, and job satisfaction and job perceptions are reciprocally related. Results of confirmatory analyses indicated disconfirmation of all but the postcognitive-nonrecursive model. (Author)


Lieberman and his associates *h.*8~27 have recently argued that the evolution of the ability to produce very distinct patterns of formants was a crucial step in the evolution of human language, and it seems likely that that the point a t which this step occurred may potentially be identified by anatomical changes associated with laryngeal descent. The possibility that other primates may be able to modulate glottal sound by changes in the resonances of the upper vocal tract (i.e. produce formants) is thus now a matter of immediate interest. It seems certain that formants must have become important in Hominid communication before the anatomical changes described by Lieberman could have acquired selective advantage, since these changes were directed toward improving communication by formants. Apart from one short paper,3 no systematic attention appears to have been paid to the presence of calls very like those of man in their tonal structure and resonances ("humanoid grunts": below) in nonhuman primates. It seems particularly important to examine the nature and distribution of such calls at this point in time. since Lieberman.26 in his discussion of the subject, examined species (Macaca mularta. Pan) which use such calls rarely or not a t all, and analyzed calls (screams in distress, whines given in frustration, and what were probably distant contact calls), which are particularly unsuited to reveal resonances. Thus, although Lieberman has made it clear by computer simulation that macacque or chimpanzee vocal tracts could generate formants (although not over the full human range) if glottal sound with the right properties (below) were produced, readers are likely to be left with the impression that calls with formants are never actually given by subhuman primates. In fact, as I will show, baboons use humanoid grunts very freely, and some other primates do so more rarely and in a more restricted range of situations. It thus seems possible that some of the factors leading to the evolution of humanoid grunts may be deducible from comparative study of modern primates.


This paper studies transfer characteristics of the counter-rolling: a rotational eye movement subjected to tilt of the body. We identify a discrete time-varying model of the counter-rolling by using Kalman filters. The identfied model predicts precise values of angular displacement of the eye as a function of tilt of the body. To characterize the transfer characteristics, we derive the time-invariant system from our time-varying model fixed at a moment and define the time-varying impulse response from impulse responses of the time-invariant system as a continuation of each fixed time-varying model. A series of the time-varying impulse response qualitatively characterizes time-varying transfer characteristics of the eye. Irregular responses of the eye are also characterized by our method.


This study highlights the role of both inoculation with N2-Fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena oryzae and spraying with cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis extract and their combinations on growth and productivity of the two rice varieties (Sakha108 and Giza178) under different doses of nitrogen fertilizers. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four replications; the two rice varieties were located in the main plots and fertilizer treatments were placed in the sub-plots. Chlorophyll content of flag leaf, plant height, number of panicle/m and panicle length, number of filled grain/panicle, one thousand grain weight, straw and grain yields (t/ha) were measured. Bioactive compounds and amino acid production of Spirulina were determined by GC–MC and amino acid analyzer, respectively. The results show Spirulina extract contains eighteen amino acid and several bioactive molecules and application of mixture Anabaena oryzae and Spirulina platensis extract with 75% recommended dose of nitrogen or recommended dose of N fertilizer gave nearly the highest value of growth characters, grain yield and yield components compared with other treatments in both seasons. This study describes the role of Anabaena oryzae and spraying with Spirulina platensis extract through plant-microbe interactions and the effect of this reaction on the growth and productivity of rice crop.


In 2004, Alcoa introduced a new health benefit for a portion of its workforce, which eliminated cost sharing for preventive care while increasing cost sharing for many other services. In this era of increased consumerism, Alcoa's benefit redesign constituted an effort to reduce health care costs while preserving use of targeted services. Taking advantage of a unique natural experiment, we find that Alcoa was able to maintain rates of preventive service use. This evidence suggests that differential cost sharing can be used to preserve the use of critical health care services.


To solve the problem of too high proportion of energy ecological footprint in small-scale regional ecological footprint which leaded to a hyper-pessimistic evaluation results,the energy ecological footprint model was modified by taking CO2 absorption of diverse lands into account and introducing net ecosystem productivity to characterize the carbon absorption capacity of vegetation.The sustainability of Jinniu Village,a traditional agricultural area,was analyzed by using traditional and modified models.The results showed that during the period of 2005-2007,the ecological footprint of Jinniu Village increased from 0.857 hm2 to 1.049 hm2 and the ecological deficit ascended from 0.481 hm2 to 0.652 hm2 based on the traditional model,while the ecological footprint increased from 0.743 hm2 to 0.936 hm2 and the ecological deficit ascended from 0.368 hm2 to 0.539 hm2 based on the modified model.It was indicated that the environmental impact of human activities had exceeded the ecological capacity,which represented an unsustainable development tendency.Comparing with the traditional energy ecological footprint,the counterpart decreased by approximately 0.113 hm2,and its proportion in total ecological footprint descended by 12%~15%,which demonstrated a more optimistic result.In the meanwhile,the reason for differences between two models and the advantages and disadvantages of the modified model was analyzed.It was pointed out that the new model reflect the natural resource utilization of study area′s natural resources more objectively,which could promote the assessment of the sustainability on traditional agriculture area in a precise way.


The subject of this research is source base of financial policy of the voivodeship chancelleries of Prikamye in the XVII–XVII centuries.  Systematization of the material that contains records on the financial administration in the Russian State, including regional material, is relevant at the current stage of the development of historical science. Detailed analysis is conducted on the sources for studying the financial policy of the county establishments of Prikamye, preserved in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents and other archives of the Russian Federation; characteristic is given to the content of funds. It is noted that most informative material on the history of financial policy of the county establishments of Prikamye is stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents, which is substantiated by the peculiarities of acquisition of central archives. The scientific novelty lies in systematization of the source base for studying the financial policy of voivodeship chancelleries of Prikamye in the XVII–XVIII centuries. The author reviews the types of sources stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents. The financial reports stored in other archives are not as representative for the research of the topic at hand. The provided overview of the archival funds and materials introduces the source base into the scientific discourse that gives perspective on the local financial administration. The conclusion is made that the studied material is sufficient for characterizing the financial peculiarities of operation of voivodeship chancelleries of Prikamye during the XVII–XVIII centuries.


Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a safe and effective adjuvant treatment for acromegaly. Clinical and dosimetric factors predicting biochemical remission are incompletely understood.

 A single-institution cohort study of non-syndromic, radiation-naïve patients with growth hormone producing pituitary adenomas (GHA) having single-fraction SRS between 1990 and 2017. Patients were excluded if they were receiving pituitary suppressive medications at the time of SRS or if they had < 24 mo of follow-up. The primary outcome was biochemical remission defined as normalization of insulin-like growth factor-1 index (IGF-1i) off suppressive medications. Biochemical remission was assessed using Cox proportional hazards.

 A total of 102 patients met study criteria. Forty-six (45%) were female, median age was 49 yr (IQR = 37–59), median follow-up was 63 mo (IQR = 29–100). Median pre-SRS IGF-1i was 1.66 (IQR = 1.37–3.22). Median margin dose was 25 Gy (IQR = 21–25); median estimated biological effective dose (BED) was 169.49 Gy (IQR = 124.95–196.00). Biochemical remission was achieved in 58 (57%) patients, whereas 22 patients (22%) had medication-controlled disease. IGF-1i was the strongest independent predictor of remission, with an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.53 (95% CI = 0.36–0.75, P < .0001). Number of isocenters, margin dose, and BED predicted remission on univariate analysis, but after adjusting for sex and baseline IGF-1i, only BED remained independently associated with outcome in both continuous (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00–1.01, P = .02) and binary models (HR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.39–5.22, P = .002). Twenty-four (29%) developed new post-SRS hypopituitarism.

 IGF-1i is a better predictor of biochemical remission after SRS than IGF-1 level. BED appears to predict biochemical outcome more reliably than radiation dose, but confirmatory study is needed.


This research was to investigate the effect of temperature and time on emission of Methanefrom breakdown of solid waste by Methanogens. The assessment was carried out in three (3) dumpsites atRumuokoro, Rumuosi and Eliozu, in the morning, afternoon and evening using lamcornIII which measured both atmospheric temperatures. At Rumuokoro dumpsite by 8.00hrs, 0.20ppm of Methane was emitted at 28C, by 14.00hrs, 0.10ppm of Methane was emitted at 31C and by 18.30hrs, 0.09ppm was emitted at 28C. In Rumuosi dumpsite at 200C 0.1ppm of Methane was emitted by 8.20hrs, 0.09ppm at 310C by 13.40hrs and 0.09ppm at 280C by 18.12hours. Similarly at Eliozu dumpsite by 10.30hrs, 0.09ppm was emitted at 300C, 0.09ppm at 300C by 13.00hours and 0.1ppm at 310C by 17.40hours. There was no significant relationship between Methaneemitted and atmospheric temperature (p>0.05). There was alsono significant relationshipbetween the time and emission of Methane (p>0.05). Consequently,Methane gas absorbs heat in the afternoon and release same in the morning and eveningwhen the Methanogens would have degraded the waste overnight. Methaneserves as alternative source of energy and production of ceramics if harnessed instead of acting as greenhouse gas which aids global warming.


When entering the parking space with respect to the vehicle by the steering means (2) for automatic control or auxiliary exit, the size of a parking space (extra length) increases the size of the margin with respect to the vehicle, is calculated by the the motor means (2) is generated by performing automatic control (2a) of the temperature rise to a larger value. Further, by the temperature rise amount to the temperature of the motor (2a) of the value, calculated by the electric motor (2a) associated to the automatic control of the execution of the temperature rise of the predicted current temperature. Further, the predicted temperature is higher than the value thus determined value, prohibit execution of the automatic control, on the other hand, the predicted temperature value is less than the determination of such a low value, allowing the implementation of the automatic control.


A significant advantage of fiber-optic sensors (FOS) over electrical sensors is their absolute indifference to the effects of electromagnetic interference. However, the high noise level of the low-intensity flux of high-energy photons in the measuring paths of analog FOS limits the accuracy of measuring devices based on them. The fact is that the analog modulation of any parameter in a FOS ultimately leads to fundamentally low-precision measurements of the degree of modulation of the intensity of the optical flux.
The way out of this situation is the rejection of the analog and the transition to discrete modulation principles in the FOS of the optical flow parameters. To this end, in the modulation process, new parameters, additional to optical but not optical, are introduced into the optical flow, which will play the role of information carriers. This approach retains all the advantages of fiber optics (the optical stream remains the carrier of information), and transfers the problem of measurement accuracy to other, non-optical areas where it is properly solved.
The possibility of constructing precision accelerometers (gravimeters) with measuring transducers based on new-class FOS with pulse modulation of the optical flux intensity (IFOS) is considered. The sensitive element of such an IFOS is a conical pendulum, on the basis of a cantilever mounted piece of quartz optical fiber, on the free end of which there is an inertial mass.
High values of the metrological parameters of the accelerometer based on the IFOS are ensured by the possibility of precise measurements of the temporal parameters of the sequence of optical pulses generated by it.
The processing of signals from the IFOS is carried out by methods and means of digital technics, which eliminates the possibility of introducing a signal processing error and allows purposefully correct the measurement results. Thanks to this, it is possible to neutralize the influence on the measurement results of both the natural flaws and imperfections of the IVOD, as well as the errors of their manufacture and adjustment.
The study of the mathematical model of IFOS with real values of its design parameters and the frequency of the generator of counting pulses confirmed the possibility of obtaining high values of its metrological characteristics: the threshold sensitivity is up to 10-13 g, and the dynamic range of the measured accelerations is up to 109.
These figures should be considered as illustrative. The principle of construction of the IFOS design makes it possible to easily change its metrological parameters over a wide range by a corresponding change in both the parameters of the elements of its construction and the frequency of the counting pulse generator.


Many couples experience difficulty from relationship distress and/or divorce. Some research suggests that teaching relationship education (RE) to emerging adults before many enter long-term committed relationships can reduce relationship difficulty and promote healthy relationship behaviors. Yet, very little investigation has been conducted with RE and emerging adults. This study incorporated important concepts from the Within My Reach RE curriculum into an existing college class on marriage and comparisons were made with a class who did not receive RE on several variables. Results showed that those in the revised class showed significant gains in relationship confidence, insight, and healthy decision-making over the control class. Implications for practitioners and researchers are provided based on study findings.


The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the pH variation of a high concentrate peroxide-based in-office bleaching gel (Total Blanc Office H35) placed on a bovines tooth's enamel surface at different times after its activation. The study was divided in two groups, based on its application: G1 (n=5), isolated (hydrogen peroxide + thickener), and G2 (n=5), applied over the enamel surface. The pH measurement was determined with a PHS-3B digital pH meter, using a falcon tube with 4 ml of the bleaching gel, enough to cover the entire electrode's bulb. All groups were measured at the initial time (t = 0 min) and final time (t = 45 min). The medium values obtained right after the manipulation were 7.17 for G1 and 7.29 for G2. Passed the 45 minutes, the medium values were 5.99 for G1 and 6.02 for G2. All the data was submitted to the parametric test T (p<0.0001), where statistic differences were found. The pH values lowered along with time in both groups. The contact with the enamel's surface wasn't capable of changing the bleaching gel's pH. The bleaching gel Total Blanc Office H35 showed an acidic pH after 45 minutes (pH ~6), nevertheless these values weren't considered critical to the demineralization of human tooth's enamel.


The present invention provides an automatic power restoring method capable of reliably detecting continuity by the dissolution of a line fault, to restore the optical power, even in a structure including an optical amplification medium on an optical transmission path and an optical communication system using the method. To this end, in an optical communication system to which the automatic power restoring method of the invention is applied, a pilot signal having a low transmission rate, a wavelength of which is set based on loss wavelength characteristics obtained by combining loss wavelength characteristics of an optical fiber used for the optical transmission path and loss wavelength characteristics of the optical amplification medium on the optical transmission path, is transmitted and received between an optical transmitting station and an optical receiving station when a line fault occurs, and a detection of continuity is thus performed. According to the result of the continuity detection, the power state at the occurrence of line fault is automatically restored to the power state at a time of normal operation.


A survey was conducted on the exercising condition of the obese adolescents in Hebei.It found out that the obese adolescents were much less mobile everyday,some liked just one event with little energy-consumption,relative sports load was heavy and some bore mental burden while exercising.Based on this,some corresponding advice was given as to the daily activities of adolescents.


We present a first deep colour-magnitude diagram of the central region(0.5× 0.5) of the Canis Majoris stellar over-density (l, b) = (240,−8) found by Martin et al. (2004) that has been proposed as the remnant of a dwarf satellite accreted onto the Milky Way on a near-equatorial orbit. We find a narrow, main-sequence extending 6 magnitudes below the cut-off to our limiting magnitude (B∼ 24.5mag). This main sequence has very high constrast with respect to the thin/thick disk/halo background; it narrowness at brighter magnitudes clearly implies the presence of a distinct and possible still bound stellar system. We derived the line-of-sight size (r1/2) of this system based on the B-band width of the lower main sequence, obtaining 0.93 ± 0.25 (random) ± 0.36 (systematic) kpc. That size matches a model prediction for the main body of the parent galaxy of the Monoceros tidal stream, and rejects the alternative explanation of a flared or warped Galactic disk viewed in projection (Monamy et al. 2004). We also derived a central surface brightness of μV,0 ≥ 24.1± 1.8mag arcsec −2 and an absolute magnitude of MV = −13.8± 1.8mag. These values place the Canis Majoris object in the category of dwarf galaxy in the the LV –size and MV − μV planes for such objects. However, like the Sagittarius dwarf, it is an outlier in the [Fe/H]−MV plane in the sense that it is too metal rich for its estimated absolute magnitude. This suggests that the main mechanism driving its recent and current star formation history (possibly tidal stripping) is different to that of isolated dwarfs. Subject headings: galaxies: dwarf — galaxies: fundamental parameters — galaxies: individual (Canis Majoris) — galaxies: spheroidal — galaxies: stellar content — galaxies: structure


Hydraulic characteristics inside the depressed density interface induced by vertical impinging jet is studied experimentally. The relationship between the integral time-scale and predominant period of interfacial fluctuation is found to be similar to the experimental result with oscillating grid. The most turbulent energy is occupied by the component of predominant period. From measurement of flow velocity, the intergral time-scale is proportional to Brunt-Baisala frequency and the predominant period. The characteristic length scale defined by the predominant period and turbulent intensity is almost identical to root mean square of interfacial fluctuation at the edge of interface and to nominal width of jet at initial position of interface. The characteristic length-scale mentioned above is closely related to the entrainment process at the edge of interface


There was a lake named as Langguan by Li Bai, the rhymist in Tang Dynasty, at the foot of Dabie Mountains south to Hanyang city in Huguang Province in Yuan Dynasty and it was the symbolistic showplace of the area. Li Ze, the immigrant from Annan Kingdom during the war period lived in a building named Feng Qi Bieshu near the lake. And in his life more than 50 years in the memorable place, there were some nice stories about "foreign dweller" left in the history; he wrote down the famous book Annan Zhi Lue, built up the Taibai Temple, and made the folder in the way of asking for poems and epigraphs when he was in the capital and the others called at his house. The Ming times came and Li's family, also the whole Vietnamese community were suddenly vanished into thin air. However, the Langguan Lake that lasted for several hundred years.


Chronic viral infections lead to CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion, characterized by impaired cytokine secretion. The immune‐regulatory cytokine IL‐10 promotes chronicity of infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Clone 13, as absence of IL‐10 or blocking of IL‐10R during early LCMV Clone 13 infection results in viral clearance. Thus, treatment of humans suffering from chronic viral infections with IL‐10 neutralizing or IL‐10R blocking antibodies was proposed to boost virus‐specific T‐cell responses to enhance control or even clear the viral infection. Here we demonstrate that although CD4+ and CD8+ T cells can produce elevated levels of cytokines in IL‐10−/− mice early after infection compared with WT mice, IL‐10−/− mice cannot clear an infection with the quicker replicating LCMV strain Docile, eventually resulting in T‐cell exhaustion. These data suggest that the success of IL‐10 blockade to control chronic viral infections may critically depend on the virulence of the infecting strain.


Detection, measurement and location of partial discharges /PD/ using acoustic emission /AE/ method could be carried out in various installations of electrical equipment. There are already known examples of utilization of AE method for diagnostics of insulation of transformers and high-voltage measuring transformers. The authors already for several years have used AE method for assessment of PD effects occurring in high-power transformers.


Intense electric fields up to 107 V/m generate very interesting and useful applications for the environment. Several processes using high electrical voltage for environment preservation were developed in the laboratory. The purpose of this study was to review these applications, highlighting their economic and environmental benefits: (1) electrostatic separators of particles used in industrial wastes recycling; (a) role-type electrostatic separator for granular mixtures of plastic–metal particles; (b) free-fall and rotating belt triboelectric separators for mixtures of plastic–plastic particles; (c) plate-type electrostatic separator for mixtures of metal–metal particles, (2) electrostatic precipitators for gas cleaning and (3) ozone generators for air and water treatment.


Present study investigates the non-linear dynamic behavior of Double Hinged Articulated Tower (DHAT) under long crested random Sea and directional random sea. The non-linearities due to time wise variation of submergence, buoyancy, added mass, instantaneous tower orientation and resulting hydrodynamic loading have been taken into account for modeling the forcing functions of equation of motion which is derived by Largrangian approach. A long crested random sea has been modeled by Monte-Carlo Simulation using P-M spectrum. The non-linear equations of motion are solved by an iterative time integration scheme using Newmark's β integration scheme. Various important parameters such as heel angles, deck displacements, base share for double hinged articulated tower under long and short crested random sea are compared and presented in the form of time-histories and their respective PSDFs. Statistical studies of random time histories have been carried out and important characteristics like mean, maxima, minima, standard deviations etc. have been analyzed. The dynamic behaviors have been investigated in detail in terms of various parametric combinations. Effect of current, and significant wave height are also studied. Sub and super harmonic excitations are highlighted through power spectra. A multi-hinged articulated tower is found to be economical and suitable for various offshore activities in adverse environmental and deep sea conditions.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


The optical properties of two-dimensional electron gases in $\mathrm{Zn}\mathrm{Se}∕(\mathrm{Zn},\mathrm{Be})\mathrm{Se}$ and $\mathrm{Zn}\mathrm{Se}∕(\mathrm{Zn},\mathrm{Be},\mathrm{Mg})\mathrm{Se}$ modulation-doped quantum wells with electron densities up to $1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ were studied by photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation, and reflectivity in a temperature range between 1.6 and $70\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and in external magnetic fields up to $48\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$. In these structures, the Fermi energy of the two-dimensional electron gas falls in the range between the trion binding energy and the exciton binding energy. Optical spectra in this regime are shown to be strongly influenced by the Coulomb interaction between electrons and photoexcited holes. In high magnetic fields, when the filling factor of the two-dimensional electron gas becomes smaller than 2, a change from Landau-level-like spectra to exciton-like spectra occurs. We attempt to provide a phenomenological description of the evolution of optical spectra for quantum wells with strong Coulomb interactions.


Loan records and lender credit risk classifications are used to examine agricultural credit risk migration. The results include estimates of the likelihood of borrowers transitioning among five credit risk tiers. The paper also examines factors that influence or predict credit risk migration and its impact on loan pricing.


ABSTRACT The aim of this article is three-fold: (i) to inquire into the circumstances leading to the study of Singaporean English literature texts in secondary schools in Singapore (ii) to consider literary, cultural and political issues that have arisen as a result of a conscious decision on the part of schools and the Ministry of Education to adopt the texts for both non-examinable and examinable study purposes, and (iii) to look at teacher attitudes in the use of such texts. The article initially focuses on a school which first began the systematic study of the texts followed by issues which have arisen. Closing the article is a survey of teacher attitudes. Teacher attitudes are probably crucial to what is really an important educational-cultural experiment being conducted in Singapore.


This research aimed to develop decorative materials from natural dyed cotton/polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites. Natural dye used in this research was extracted from Sappan wood and 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) was used as a silane coupling agent. Physical, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of injection molded natural dyed-cotton/polylactic acid biocomposites of which 3, 5 and 10%wt of biocomposites were investigated. The results showed that Young's modulus, flexural modulus, impact strength and hardness of natural dyed-cotton/polylactic acid biocomposites increased with increasing cotton fiber content and morphological studies by SEM showed good adhesion between cotton fibers and PLA. Thus, natural dyed cotton/polylactic acid biocomposites can be an alternative choice to be used as environmental friendly decorative building materials.


Infrastructure for digital campus construction is becoming increasingly mature and has already achieved some stage fruits.Digital campus construction suffers from traffic chaos,which gives rise to slack information flow from one section to another,and in turn,inconvenient application of information resources.The article takes up discussions on application integration methods for digital campus construction and argues that the application integration of the systems is the effective key to the issue.


This research explored the role of science and civil society environmental organizations in conservation planning, using a case study of Ontario's Long Point region. Science is a dynamic field that is constantly adapting and evolving (Bocking 2001; Kohler 2006; Loo 2007), and is increasingly relied on as a basis for decisionmaking in conservation planning, policy and management (Bocking 2001; Loo 2006; Theberge & Theberge 2009). The role of civil society in conservation planning has also grown and organizations that operate outside of government now play an important role in acquiring land, conducting monitoring activities, and promoting local stewardship (Merenlender et al. 2004; Whitelaw 2005; Reed 2007; Conrad & Daoust 2008; Dempsey & Dearden 2009). Considering the activities of these organizations, and the underlying science that informs them, is essential given the increasing prevalence of this type of work and the increasing ability of civil society organizations to affect conservation planning outcomes. Through a literature review, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews, this research considered how characterizations of science, applications of science, and recent trends in science have influenced conservation plans, policies, and actions in the Long Point region. The results illustrate how different forms of information were considered and applied when prioritizing, justifying, and implementing conservation projects and provide a location-specific example of how the modern features of conservation planning and management are influencing environmental outcomes. Specifically, the results suggest how place-based knowledge can potentially be disseminated through policy and planning initiatives and also suggest how different forms of information may interact to influence overall project credibility. These findings have implications for both planning theory and practice by contributing to our understanding of the role of science in shaping conservation practices, the role of civil society in driving conservation innovation, and the importance of local knowledge in supporting effective conservation actions.


Human milk (HM) contains a large variety of immune components providing protection to the infant. The presence of the cytotoxic immune proteins perforin (Per), granulysin (Grly)and granzymes (Grzm)has not yet been shown in HM cells.
 Per, Grnly and Grzm (A, B, H and M) were examined in cells isolated from samples of prepartum HM (PS) collected during pregnancy and HM collected longitudinally (2–5 sampling occasions) from mothers (n=31) during the first year postpartum, including 3 samples from breast infections. Gene expression was analyzed in RNA sequencing data and using qRT-PCR. Linear modeling and principle component analysis between the genes was conducted. Flow cytometry (n=5) was performed to investigate the presence of these immune proteins in HM cells.
 Gene expression of all immune proteins was confirmed in PS and in HM during month 1 of lactation, where variation of expression was found between women and time lactation. Strong correlations were found between GrzmA – Per (r2=0.86), GrzmA – CD45 (r2=0.76), Per – CD45 (r2=0.68) and Per – GrzmB (r2=0.67). Comparison between healthy and mastitis samples showed a higher expression of CD45 and all immune peptides in mastitis. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis showed an increase in CD45 positive cells in mastitis in comparison with healthy participants (15.1% and 4.7% respectively of total cell amount).
 The presence of Per, Grly and Grzm has been confirmed in HM cells. An increase in gene expression of these immune proteins has been confirmed in 3 participants suffering from breast infection. Further investigations are required to elucidate the roles of these immune peptides for the infant and/or mother


Transportation sector has a dominant role in global fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Due to the dramatic increase in greenhouse gas emission, sustainable development of this sector has raised the concern in many countries including Malaysia. Biodiesel is a renewable energy that has great potential to serve as an alternative fuel to fossil diesel in the compression ignition (CI) engine. Although Malaysia is one of the biggest biodiesel fuel producers, the commercialization of biodiesel has not been fully undertaken in a large scale. Besides the technical barriers, there are several nontechnical limiting factors, which impede the development of biodiesel. A wide variety of biodiesel research on transesterification, performance and emission analysis is currently available worldwide. However, the study on techno-economic and feasibility of biodiesel fuel for Malaysian condition is limited. Therefore, this study is focused on biodiesel production and techno-economic comparison among palm, jatropha curcas and calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel as transportation fuel in Malaysia. Moreover, the present study attempts to find out the impact of biodiesel implementation towards the energy scenario, environmental and economy. The total CO2 equivalent emissions for road transport are 59,383 million kg. Therefore, alkaline catalyst transesterification process is used to produce palm, jatropha curcas and calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel as biofuel for road transport vehicles. It was found that the life cycle cost for 50 ktoe palm, jatropha curcas and calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel production plant with an operating period of 20 years is $764, $583 and $604 million respectively. The largest economic factor for biodiesel production is feedstock cost. Furthermore, replacing 5% of diesel with biodiesel in road transport vehicles can reduce the CO2 emission up to 1200 million kg in year 2031.

In order to repay the carbon debt from land converting to feedstock cropland, calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel requires the lowest cropland and ecosystem carbon payback period compared to palm and jatropha curcas biodiesel due to the high oil yield which is 4680 kg/ha. When the subsidy policy and tax exemption are implemented, biodiesel fuel is more competitive than fossil diesel at the current production costs. Apart from that, the key factor for biodiesel fuel to be able to compete with diesel fuel is due to the high crude petroleum price coupled with low feedstock oil price. Therefore, this study serves as a guideline for further investigation and research on biodiesel production, subsidy cost and other limiting factors before the wider utilization of biodiesel in Malaysia.


The existence of interpersonal complementarity at a stylistic level using the Interpersonal Adjectives Scales (IAS) and the optimal definition of complementarity were the foci of the study. The IAS ratings made by three samples of college students were used: 265 rated both of their parents, 346 rated themselves and their closest friend, and 136 rated how they expected themselves and the other participant to behave in one of three very different situations. The correlation matrices between the scores of the two interactants in each sample were examined using the randomization test of hypothesized order relations to determine if complementarity existed. Results indicated support for the complementarity of traits in each sample and showed that the optimal orientation of dimensions of the IAS with respect to complementarity is 22.5 degrees greater than the orientation proposed by Leary and adopted by Wiggins.


A "soft‐stiff" structure is equipped onto carbon fiber (CF) surface by hydrothermal and self‐assembly methods, in which MnO2 nanosheets and natural polysaccharide chitosan (CS) act as "stiff" phase and "soft" phase, respectively, leading to strong interfacial phase in CF/epoxy composite. The roughness, polar functional group content, and wettability of the CF surface are significantly promoted by this protocol. Moreover, the unique structure also serves as a buffer area to relieve stress concentration and change the direction of crack propagation, thus enhancing the interfacial properties of the composites. The strengthening effect of the "soft‐stiff" structure is verified by interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural strength tests, which are improved by 47.4% and 48.2%, respectively compared with pristine CF/epoxy composites. This work provides a potential reinforcement strategy to access high‐performance CF composites.


The nexus between human resource management practices and workplace deviant behaviour in manufacturing companies in Rivers State, Nigeria, was investigated in this study. The sample was conducted in a crosssectional manner. This study looked at 470 staff from six manufacturing companies. In order to minimize bias in sample case collection, this analysis utilized a simple random sampling method. The primary data was collected using a questionnaire that was provided to each respondent. The spearman rank order correlation coefficient was used to analyze the results. According to the findings, human resources management practices (compensation and employee relations) had a negative significant relationship with both interpersonal and organizational deviant behaviour, with the exception of compensation and interpersonal deviance, which had no significant relationship. It was determined that an efficient human resource management practice in terms of compensation and employee relations is critical in reducing the occurrence of deviant behaviour by manufacturing employees. As a result, the study proposed that manufacturing company management improve workforce relations by caring for workers' well-being and maintaining industrial cohesion, which would further minimize individual and corporate deviant conduct.


Transport properties of underdoped Nd2−xCexCuO4−δ single crystals with different oxygen contents have been investigated systematically. In-plane resistivity begins to decrease at a certain temperature T* (pseudogap opening); at the same temperature the out-of-plane resistivity shows a more apparent decrease, in contrast to the hole-doped cuprates. Around T*, the curvature changes the sign for both ρab(T) and ρc(T). Decrease of oxygen content results in a sign change of the curvature from negative to positive at high temperature for the crystals with x close to 0.15. T* decreases with increasing doping level and decreasing oxygen content, while the anisotropy increases, different from hole-doped cuprates. The pseudogap can only be observed in the underdoped regime for n-type cuprates; the change of oxygen content can just modify the pseudogap opening temperature.


Insufficient removal of protein rich interstitial fluid leads to typical changes of the skin, which is caused by fibrosis. Treatment of lymphedema consists basically in mechanic enhancement of the lymph transport with complex decongestive therapy or surgery. In the past years research on inflammation in lymphedema tissue demonstrated the important role of T-lymphocytes, macrophages, LTB4 and some cytokines. Regarding these findings we have new therapeutic aspects with ketoprofen, hydroxytyrosol and other immune modulators.


A cylindrical arc in deuterium plasma was imploded with high explosive into its own magnetic flux to form a powerful source of pulsed energy. Joule heat produced during flux compression appeared to be radiated about as fast as it was generated by the conducting plasma, consistent with the release of about 106 J of radiant energy with peak power about 1012 W. During implosion, the magnetic field increased to about 102 Wb/m2 and supported a current density of 3×1011 A/m2. The plasma arc was estimated to have a density of 1027 m−3 and to reach a temperature of 2×105 °K. Calculations are made using a one‐dimensional time‐dependent hydromagnetic model which includes thermal conduction, radiant heat transfer, self‐consistent magnetic fields, and temperature‐dependent transport properties. The finite difference solution predicts arc currents, plasma properties, and radiation losses consistent with the experimental observations. A simplified analytical theory is derived to provide convenient scaling information.


A plastic closure in two pieces (28), including: a closure shell, plastic material including a base wall (30) and a peripheral skirt (32) with internal means (34) for securing the closure on a container finish, characterized by a plastic disk (46) loosely retained within said shell parallel, but separate, the base wall, and a coating of rubber seal (48) secured to said disk , for sealing engagement with a container finish.


Photothermal displacement microscpy was used for the characterization of Zr02 and MgF2 single-layer thin films with respect to inhomogeneities of the absorption at X = 514nm. Images are presented for X/2, X, and 27 films on BK7 glass and SQl quartz substrates. Applying modulation frequencies ranging from 1kHz to 100kHz a lateral resolution of sveral microns could be obtained. We found that size and density of the absorption inhomogeneities as well as absorptivity strongly depend on the fabrication process and weakly on substrate material, no dependence on thin film thickness was found. It is shown that the apparent defect density varies with the modulation frequency demonstrating the capability of the photothermal method to discriminate between absorptions in various depth of the thin film system. Defect densities derived from the phtothermal measurements are related to results from total integrated light scattering (TIS) experiments performed on various samples at X = 632nm. TIS amplitudes for MgF2 films on glass substrates were about one order of magnitude smaller than those from films on quartz. The latter revealed strong large scale (1mm ) variations of the light scattering amplitude what is in accordance with the absorption measurements


In this essay, Fernando Namora´s medical activity is seen as a source of literary material. From that, the writer absorbs the experiences of both the sick people and the doctor himself, who tends, cathartically, to confession and autoscopy. Discussing the vast work of the novelist, the text presents the ways in which the author of Retalhos da Vida de um Médico expresses life, always from the confrontation with the world, as well as the constant dialogues of the intellectual with his time, which would, in large part, catalyze the evolution of contemporary Portuguese fiction.


We report the cryo-EM structure of rod photoreceptor phosphodiesterase 6. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) work in conjunction with adenylate/guanylate cyclases to regulate the key second messengers of G protein–coupled receptor signaling. Previous attempts to determine the full-length structure of PDE family members at high-resolution have been hindered by structural flexibility, especially in their linker regions and N- and C-terminal ends. Therefore, most structure-activity relationship studies have so far focused on truncated and conserved catalytic domains rather than the regulatory domains that allosterically govern the activity of most PDEs. Here, we used single-particle cryo–electron microscopy to determine the structure of the full-length PDE6αβ2γ complex. The final density map resolved at 3.4 Å reveals several previously unseen structural features, including a coiled N-terminal domain and the interface of PDE6γ subunits with the PDE6αβ heterodimer. Comparison of the PDE6αβ2γ complex with the closed state of PDE2A sheds light on the conformational changes associated with the allosteric activation of type I PDEs.


Industries from agriculture to petrochemistry have found near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic analysis useful for quality control and quantitative analysis of materials and products. The general chemical, polymer chemistry, petrochemistry, agriculture, food and textile industries are currently using NIR spectroscopic methods for analysis. In this study, we developed a new sort NIR instrument for food measuring. The instrument consists of a light source, 12 filters to the prismatic part. The special part is that we use a mirror to get two beams of light. And two PbS detectors were used. One detector collected the radiation of one light beam directly and the value was set as the standard instead the standard white surface. Another light beam irradiate the sample surface, and the diffuse light was collected by another detector. The value of the two detectors was compared and the absorbency was computed. We tested the performance of the NIR instrument in determining the protein and fat content of milk powder. The calibration showed the accuracy of the instrument in practice.


Objective:To investigate the effects of ulinastatin (UTI) on liver in cardiopulmonary bypass during open heart surgery. Methods: A total of thirty patients under cardiopulmonary bypass during open heart surgery were randomly divided into study group (groupA,n= 15) and control group (group B,n= 15 ). The patients in group A received ulinastatin (UTI 15000UI/kg) and those in group B did not receive it. Blood samples were withdrawn from central vein for the measurements of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-8(IL-8) and -6(IL-6),alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and total bilirubin(TB) before the operation,30 min after aortic and cardiac cannulation,1h and 6h after the aortic declamping and 24h after the operation by radioimmunity and automatic biochemistry analysator. Results: In group A, the leves of TNF-α. IL-8, IL-6, ALT and TB were lower than those in group B at each time point during and after the operation. Conclusion: UTI can protect liver function in cardiopulmonary bypass during open heart surgery.


Transparent nano-TiO 2 thin films with high photocatalytic activity were prepared via the sol-gel method.The resulting thin films were characterized by SEM、XRD and transparency.According to the analysis of the relationship between transparency and degradation ratio we can conclude that the films have high degradation with high transparency.


The purpose of this assignment is to gain familiarity with a network simulation tool and to get experience in basic data analysis. The simulator that will be used is called ONE [2] and is common within the opportunistic networking research community. You will run the simulation using a simple network scenario and investigate the influence of the mobility model and performance of different routing protocols.


Low‐income households are at risk of food insecurity and altered food related behaviors. This study examined the relationship between food security status and specific food purchasing practices. Participants in the Massachusetts Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) completed a pre‐curriculum survey. Household food security was assessed by the USDA 6‐item food security module. We asked additional questions about how often participants could afford healthy foods, fruits and vegetables, and the same foods throughout the month. In the pre‐EFNEP survey, 41% (n=58) were food insecure and 66% (n=38) had marginal/low/very low food security. Overall, 22% (n=13) that could always or often afford healthy foods, 26% (n=15) that could always or often afford fruit and vegetables, and 24% (n=14) that could always or often afford the same foods all month experienced low/very low/marginal food security. Those with marginal/low/very low food security were less likely than fully food secure to report they could always afford healthy foods, fruits and vegetables, and the same foods all month. Food purchasing behaviors can be affected by the strain of limited resources. Nutrition education can provide skills and knowledge to low‐income, food insecure populations so they may better manage resources to afford foods they need throughout the month.


The paper analyzes long term relationship between BSE and macroeconomic variables, vis-a-vis, change in exchange rate, foreign exchange reserve, inflation rate and gold price. The multiple regression equation model (Galton, 1877) in order to investigate the relationship among these factors. The period of the study is January 2008 to January 2009. Results reveal that there is high correlation between the empirical results reveal that exchange rate and gold prices highly effect the stock prices on the other hand the influence of foreign exchange reserves and Inflation on the stock price is upto limited extend only.


Background/Aims Fecal S100A12 (FS) and serum S100A12 (SS) have been reported as novel biomarkers that accurately reflect intestinal inflammation. We evaluated if FS and SS in comparison to fecal calprotectin (FC) are associated with poor future outcomes in clinically quiescent Crohn's disease (CD) patients. Methods We prospectively enrolled 49 CD patients in clinical remission (Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] < 150 for the past 6 months). Patients were followed for a median period of 4.4 years (interquartile range [IQR], 4.3–4.5). The following outcomes were evaluated: clinical relapse, CD-related hospitalization, step-up of medical treatment, and CD-related intestinal resection. Cox proportional-hazard regression model was constructed to assess the association of baseline markers with time-to-event outcomes. Results The median levels of baseline FS, FC, and SS were 0.042 mg/kg (IQR, 0.005–0.179), 486.8 mg/kg (IQR, 203.5–886.8) and 1,398.2 ng/mL (IQR, 791.8–2,759.9), respectively. FS correlated with FC (r = 0.689), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.524), C-reactive protein (r = 0.499), and albumin (r = –0.446), but not with CDAI (r = 0.045). Interestingly, increased FS (top quartile) was associated with a 4.9-fold increased rate of future CD-related hospitalization (P= 0.009) and a 2.8-fold increased rate of step-up of medical treatment (P= 0.032), whereas increased FC and SS were not. These findings remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, disease duration, current smoking, C-reactive protein, serum albumin, CDAI, and FC, individually. Conclusions In this pilot study, increased FS and not FC or SS, was significantly associated with increased rates of future CD-related hospitalization and step-up of medical treatment among CD patients in clinical remission.


The transformation graph G++-of a graph G is the graph with vertex set V(G)∪E(G),in which two vertices u and v are joined by an edge if one of the following conditions holds:(i)u,v∈V(G) and they are adjacent in G;(ii)u,v∈E(G) and they are adjacent in G;(iii)one of u and v is in V(G) while the other is in E(G),and they are not incident in G.A formula of the independence number of G++-is given in this paper.


The resources on Internet are uncertain and random,which poses a challenge on how to guarantee that requirements of the resources are met for an Internetware system at run time.The interface automata with randomness resources was used to model the behaviors of software component,and the combination behavior of component assembly system was described using the randomness resources interface automata networks.Under the circumstance of resources with uncertainty and randomness,whether all the behaviors of a system were satisfied within the specified resource constraints was checked.And a reached graph based algorithm was proposed.Finally,the online bookstore system was used to illustrate the work,and the model checker Spin was used to verify the correctness of the proposed approach.


Too much media, not enough sleep, and little exercise. Sound like your average teenager? Yes, and worryingly so, according to a recent article by Time Magazine. New research shows that a combination of these three behaviours puts teenagers at risk of mental health issues.


DETECTION DEVICE INCLUDES FOUR MEMORIES 9, 10, 11, 12 IN WHICH TWO SUCCESSIVE IMAGES VIDEO TAKEN BY TWO CAMERAS 1, 2 TELEVISION, SYNCHRONIZED WITH ONE ANOTHER, ARE STORED. IN THESE CAMERAS, ONE POINT IS PREDETERMINED DISPLAYS USING A SLIDER. COMPUTER SEARCH 16 TRACKING THE NEW POSITION REACHED BY THIS POINT IN THE NEXT IMAGE OF THE SAME CAMERA BY COMPARING OR WINDOW AREA 29 LOCATED IN THE VICINITY OF THE SLIDE WITH SIMILAR WINDOWS 31, 32, 33, ... DISPLAYED IN FOLLOWING IMAGE AND COMPUTER 17 DISTANCE MEASURING dETECTED AT ALL TIMES, WITH COMPARISONS OF WINDOWS, THAT THE NEW POINT FOR ITS POSITION IN THE PICTURE POINT MATCH THE OTHER TELEVISION CAMERA AND DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF THESE POINTS OF DIFFERENCE OF POSITION FROM WHICH THE VALUE DESIRED DISTANCE IS OBTAINED.


The effective and appropriate provision of social housing as an integral part of the housing continuum, is increasingly difficult in light of current fiscal constraints, and changing and increasing housing need. In 2016, there were around 400,000 households living in social housing in Australia, with around
200,000 on social housing waiting lists1. Achieving an economically and socially sustainable framework for the provision of social housing is vital. To meet this challenge, many innovative models are being explored in Australia and internationally, including partnerships and financing arrangements involving a mix of public, private and not-for-profit agencies.
Contextualising the need for better access to social housing is critical in addressing this demand for social housing. Given current fiscal limitations on governments across Australia, it is unlikely that significant funds will become available to address the considerable waiting lists. It is most likely that the provision of social housing by governments will thus continue to be targeted to those in most severe need, while addressing further avenues for those in need of more affordable housing.


Background: The number of postgraduate students in Cardiac surgical discipline is increasing day by day with incremental proportion are measurably suffering from the unnecessary lingering of the present course curriculum. The primary objective of this study was to find out the last 5 years' of results of Masters in Surgery course under the University of Dhaka from a student room survey. A secondary objective was to find out positive changes that could show us the way of a step toward up-gradation. Methods: It is a retrospective analysis of all examination results of Cardio-vascular & Thoracic Surgery published since January 2008 to January 2013 from the University of Dhaka with in depth interview of 11 participants. Results: 85.24% students failed to pass part-I of Masters in Surgery for Cardio-vascular & Thoracic Surgery course while, 82.18% in part-II and 71.28% failed to pass the final part. Average 2.51 attempts needed to complete each part of the designed course resulted into lingering of course duration for 42.18 months/student. In the thoracic surgery discipline the number of students alarmingly reduced up to 0% in the recent academic sessions. Conclusions: Masters in Surgery is resulting in unnecessary prolongation of the course. We should step forward to meet the next generation challenge.


As the size of satellite fleets grows every year, so do the telecom operators' expectations regarding Mission Control System performance, reliability and flexibility. This manuscript describes GMV's experience in an ongoing R&D activity to improve the software architecture of its spacecraft fleet management suite, hifly®, by migrating its current communications layer to a Message-Oriented Middleware, in order to face the challenges posed by future operational requirements in the upcoming years.


Abstract We report a simple route for the preparation of α-aminoxy-β-ketosulfones in high yields by a potassium persulfate mediated α-aminoxylation of β-ketosulfones with TEMPO in acetonitrile at room temperature for 12 hours.


The investigation on species compsition and community structure was carried out in the artificial plant community of the 2000' s Outer Loop Road in Shanghai.Various species viability,frequence and community diversity were analyzed.The result indicated that 2000' s artificial plant community were comprised of 79 species:tree(50.6%),shrub(30.4%)and herb(19%).There were 50 local species(63.3%)and 29 foreign species(36.7%).Shannon-weiner Index was 0~1.545,dominance was 0.152~1,and evenness was 0~ 1.By analyzied,some shortage were found in 2000' s community.(1)The viability of partial local plants was not ideal.(2)It has a high frequence to the same species of the shrubs and herbs in the community.(3)The structure of community was not perfect.


The contribution of CD3γ to the surface expression, internalization, and intracellular trafficking of the TCR/CD3 complex (TCR) has not been completely defined. However, CD3γ is believed to be crucial for constitutive as well as for phorbol ester-induced internalization. We have explored TCR dynamics in resting and stimulated mature T lymphocytes derived from two unrelated human congenital CD3γ-deficient (γ−) individuals. In contrast to γ− mutants of the human T cell line Jurkat, which were selected for their lack of membrane TCR and are therefore constitutively surface TCR negative, these natural γ− T cells constitutively expressed surface TCR, mainly through biosynthesis of new chains other than CD3γ. However, surface (but not intracellular) TCR expression in these cells was less than wild-type cells, and normal surface expression was clearly CD3γ-dependent, as it was restored by retroviral transduction of CD3γ. The reduced surface TCR expression was likely caused by an impaired assembly or membrane transport step during recycling, whereas constitutive internalization and degradation were apparently normal. Ab binding to the mutant TCR, but not phorbol ester treatment, caused its down-modulation from the cell surface, albeit at a slower rate than in normal controls. Kinetic confocal analysis indicated that early ligand-induced endocytosis was impaired. After its complete down-modulation, TCR re-expression was also delayed. The results suggest that CD3γ contributes to, but is not absolutely required for, the regulation of TCR trafficking in resting and Ag-stimulated mature T lymphocytes. The results also indicate that TCR internalization is regulated differently in each case.


In this paper, a printed inverted-F antenna for circular polarization is proposed. A rectangular element is loaded at the feeding element perpendicularly. The circular polarized wave is radiated in the frequency range between the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency produced by the rectangular element. The relationships between the geometrical parameters of the loaded rectangular element and the antenna characteristics (return loss and axial ratio) are investigated.


This paper explores the way Jhumpa Lahiri``s Interpreter of Maladies renders everday as a capacious force field in which we can investigate the intersection of individuals`` emotional conundrums and socio-structural crises and the mutual infiltration of the private and the public. While moving across a variety of national boundaries and constantly negotiating cultural and emotional belongings, the characters in Lahiri``s literary world inhabit the unaccustomed earth and feel the unhomely. Building on Susan Koshy``s formulation of minor cosmopolitanism, this paper argues for distinctive forms of epistemology that the affective aspects of exorbitant citizenship enables by inscribing abnormality, non-assimilation, and disruptions in cross-cultural and trans-national settings. Analyzing the three short stories, "Interpreter of Maladies," "Sexy," and "When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine," I argue that affective reciprocity between the marginalized bespeaks the kind of situation that allows an alternative re-figuration of global intimacy and belonging. In these stories, the unexpected connection with the cultural others creates a series of global intimacy based on contingency and discontinuity and a variety of ways of contacting and worlding the other culture and the world itself.


Abstract : A characteristic of the causative agent of anthrax that greatly complicates the control problem is that its spores remain viable in the soil for a long time. This is the main reason why the disease is so persistent in certain areas. For example, Novikov noted cases among cattle grazing in pastures where carcasses were buried 65 to 70 years further confirming the fact that the spore forms of the causative agent in the soil remain virulent many years. Once an area is infected by anthrax microbes it is likely to remain a focus of the disease for a long time since the various control measures now used are not wholly effective.


We propose a joint hybrid precoder and combiner design for narrowband single-user massive MIMO systems. The analog precoder and combiner are computed by an iterative algorithm based on the constrained singular value decomposition (CSVD), which guarantees the constant modulus constraints of the phase-shifters in the analog beamforming are attained. The digital precoder is obtained from the SVD of the reduced-dimension effective channel, after taking into account the effect of the analog beamforming. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed HBF design outperforms several designs existing in the literature in terms of the achievable sum-rate, even when only imperfect channel state information (CSI) is available.


Various treatment methods are now used for facial paralysis, however, no established method is yet available. In the present study, a combination therapy of stellate ganglion block and electric acupuncture was performed in 42 cases of facial paralysis with favorable results obtained as follows:The combination therapy was effective on not only fresh cases but also old cases. In addition, it was also useful for treating diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Some fresh cases of Bell's paralysis were, on the other hand, resistant to this therapy probably due to virus infection. In fact, an increased virus antibody titer in serum was occasionally observed in some of these intractable cases.Thus, in the case of facial paralysis, stellate ganglion block and electric acupuncture are recommended to perform after the onset of disease as soon as possible in addition to the determination of virus antibody titer.


Less than a year after the election, average polls suggest that Labour continue to poll at about the same level or worse than the 2015 result. Anthony McDonnell writes that this is worrying for the Left, as previous trends indicate their poll numbers usually rise significantly relative to the Conservatives' within months of the Tories taking office. He argues that if Labour doesn't widen its lead in the polls now, mobilising new voters alone will not be enough to win the 2020 general election.


Objectives: Circle of Willis, the main collateral pathway for cerebral circulation, is complete in only a portion of the population. There are many variations in the Circle of Willis. Fetal posterior cerebral artery, which is defined as posterior cerebral artery arising from internal carotid artery, is a common variant of the Circle of Willis. Though association between the fetal posterior cerebral artery and ischemia have been studied, no specific study has been conducted in the Indian population. We aim to identify the incidence of small and large vessel strokes in patients with fetal posterior cerebral artery using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) of brain in the Indian population. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed MR angiographies of the brain performed in our institution, in order to assess the posterior cerebral circulation and its association with small ischemic changes and large vessel strokes. Results: 92 of the 140 patients (65%) with fetal posterior cerebral artery (PCA) had small vessel ischemic changes. 72 patients (51.4%) had large vessel infarcts in any of the vascular territories. 35% of the patients included in this study showed infarcts in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory and 15 % showed infarcts in the PCA territory. Conclusion: Higher incidence of MCA infarcts in our study probably suggests that PCA cannot aid in collateral formation cases of reduced flow across the internal carotid artery and that fetal PCA could be an important risk factor in cerebrovascular ischemic diseases.


Charles William Siemens, whose untimely death on November 19, 1883, we have to record, was born at Lenthe, in Hanover, on the 4th April, 1823. His education was begun at the Gymnasium of Lübeck, from which he passed to the Polytechnic School of Magdeburg, and finished at the University of Göttingen. During his University course he had the advantage of studying the natural sciences under Professors Wöhler and C. Himly, from the latter of whom the Siemenses received the first impulse towards those investigations which led to their first invention—the electro-gilding process.


In this paper, a recently developed theory – general coupling model of electromigration, is implemented in ANSYS. We first identify several errors provided in ANSYS manuals for electromigration modeling. Then the general coupling model is implemented in ANSYS and the detailed description is presented. Finally, a 1-D confined metal line with a perfectly blocking condition is presented as a benchmark problem, in which the finite element solutions are in excellent agreement with the analytical solutions. Keywords-electromigration; general coupling theory; multiphysics modeling; finite element analysis.


In a world where the actions of firms have profound consequences, and in which existing corporate norms frequently have controversial impacts on the broader society, the issue of transforming corporate institutions is of increasing importance. What mechanisms allow reforms to be proposed, understood, accepted and eventually adopted throughout an organizational field? How do practices which diverge markedly from prior norms become both acceptable and widely imitated? There is an accelerating use of social movement theory and organization theory to understand and explain campaigns for social change and corporate responses. In this study, I explore the influence of governance activists on the norms of corporate governance in Canada. In the years immediately after the introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the United States, Canadian governance activists began to advocate a new model of the role of corporate boards. They wished to strengthen the independence of board from management, and their model quickly became normative. Institutions changed swiftly and unmistakably. This setting provides an opportunity to investigate the means by which institutional entrepreneurs introduce new practices to an organizational field, how the practices they advocate acquire value, and the conditions under which new practices are integrated into the decision-making processes


Information sharing between the RIS, HIS, and reporting systems is addressed by HL-7 standard designed specifically to facilitate text-based information systems' communication. DICOM, on the other hand, was designed to address the sharing of images between different vendors' equipment with little regard for sharing patient information. Hence, another application is required to broker the communication between the PACS and the information systems. Since patient and examination information changes frequently, it is critical to keep the databases involved in transactions synchronized. MRIMS is a complete solution that synchronizes medical imaging and clinical information workflow, by means of creating, viewing and distributing a report, regarding a patient and his/her medical examinations. It ensures the integration between HL7 and DICOM standards by implementing a new protocol model for communication compatibility between those two standards. Specifically designed for the imaging centre or hospital enterprise, this integrated solution will automate processes at every point of patient search, image acquisition, diagnostic reading, and results delivery Key-Words: Medical information systems, DICOM, Health Level 7, radiology information system, picture archiving communication system, multimedia document, workflow management


Diagnostic tests are often evaluated by comparison of the areas under receiver op erating charactenstic (ROC) curves. In this study the authors compared this approach with a more direct method that takes into account consequences of a diagnosis. Data from a prospective study of diagnosis of pulmonary embolism were used for a moti vating example. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, three diagnostic mod els were built and compared based on their ROC curves. Although model 1 (0.706) and model 2 (0.702) had the same ROC-curve area, they performed differently when risks and benefits of subsequent decisions were considered by applying the treatment probability threshold. Models 1 and 3 (0.611) had substantially different ROC-curve areas but performed similarly taking into account the therapeutic consequences. This demonstrates that comparison of diagnostic tests using the areas under the ROC curves may lead to erroneous conclusions about therapeutic usefulness. To corre spond to daily practice, it would be more appropriate to also consider the clinical im plications in evaluating diagnostic tests. This is made feasible by explicit definition and application of a treatment threshold. Key words: benefits and risks; clinical relevance; diagnosis; diagnostic test evaluation; ROC curve; treatment threshold. (Med Decis Making 1997;17:447-454)


One of the designs for future highways with the flow of Connected Automated Vehicles (CAVs) cars will be a dedicated lane for the CAVs to form platoons and travel with higher speeds and lower headways. The connectivity will enable the formation of platoons of CAVs traveling beside non-platoon lanes. The advent of connectivity between vehicles and the infrastructure will enable advanced control strategies  ̶improving the performance of the traffic ̶ to be incorporated in the traffic system. The merge area in a multilane highway with CAVs is one of the sections which can be enhanced by the operation of a control system. In this research, a model is developed for investigating the effects of a Rule Based control strategy yielding a more efficient and systematic method for the vehicles joining the highway mainlines comprised of platoon and non-platoon lanes. The actions tested for assisting the merge process included deceleration in the mainlines and lane change to join a platoon in the platoon lane. The model directs every CAV entering a multi-lane highway from an on-ramp, to the rightmost lane of the highway based on the appropriate action which is selected according to the traffic demand conditions and location of the onramp vehicle. To account for car following behavior, the vehicles in the platoon lanes are assumed to have a simplified CACC (cooperative adaptive cruise control) and those in the non-platoon lanes the IDM+ car-following model. The IDM+ car following model is modified with additional controls to incorporate the current technologies of Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS). The results of this study showed that the proposed car following model can increase the throughput of the non-platoon lane from approximately 2000 vehicle per hour (vph) to 3400 vph while the platoon lanes each had an average throughput of 3500 vph. The merge model enabled higher merging throughput for the merge area compared to current day conditions and displayed the potential for improved traffic performance in a connected environment comprised of platoon and non-platoon lanes. The results of this research will help in the design and development of advanced systems for controlling on-ramp merge sections in the future with CAVs. Copyright, 2020, by Ehsan Beheshtitabar, All Rights Reserved.


The present invention relates to other components, including not only the drilling assembly, earth or stones and a drilling member or tooth and adapter member or tooth shape the upper bar to be used for drilling in the device for moving the same material. The present invention relates to a system for coupling the different components to each other by at least one hold-down system and the unique coupling system to secure the coupling and fixed between the other component parts such as the drilling assembly and, in particular, the drilling member and the adapter, which is to be connected to the bucket or scoop of the device for moving the blade material, such as excavators.


We describe an undergraduate laboratory practice involving the determination of complex equilibrium constants by spectrophotometric techniques. The results are obtained through model fitting using a computer program. As an example of these determinations, salicylic acid was selected and evaluated in the presence of copper(II) ion. The experimental conditions, general procedures, and computational strategem are discussed.


Automatic sleep analysis has been a subject of interest since the sixties, mainly because of the growing importante of various sleep disorders. The visual analysis of sleep recordings is a tedious, laborious, time-consuming and expensive task. During a single night recording 400-500 meters of paper are produced and the visual analysis usually takes several hours of an expert. This work presents an environment where it is possible to do EEG microanalysis as well as sleep staging. (...) keywords: Sleep classification; neural networks; synthatic pattern recognition; multirate analysis Ph.D., 1990 more info: http://opac.ua.pt/F/?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&REQUEST=000043090


Universitat Politècnica de València's students can take in-company internships during their bachelor's degrees, and, with the COVID-19 lockdown, 224 students had their internships cancelled. EdX launched a free certificate initiative for its partners, and UPV gave the possibility of using MOOCs to cover for the credit needed to graduate. We have tried to answer the question, "Is it possible to use MOOCs to replace an in-company internship in an emergency?" using Learning Analytics; 179 students chose this possibility. More than 90% of the students got their academic credit, and their satisfaction with the initiative was 4.6/5. They scored MOOCs' quality with 4/5 and the contribution of MOOCs to their careers with 3.6/5; 95% will take a MOOC, and 69.3% think it is worth paying for the certificate. The answers to the question evaluating if MOOCs had given them the same knowledge as a company internship are positive but much less conclusive, with an average of 2.87/5. We conclude that MOOCs achieved the pursued goal during the emergency. With more time for planning and extra resources for remote support, they can be a good solution in environments where online is the only choice, and they can even be used as a tool to reinforce some of the knowledge needed to be successful in a traditional internship.


The present study investigates the hydrodynamics and heat transfer behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification in a pilot scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor. A multiphase 2-D numerical model following an Eulerian-Eulerian approach within the FLUENT framework was implemented. User defined functions (UDFs) were coupled to improve hydrodynamics and heat transfer phenomena, and to minimize deviations between the experimental and numerical results. A grid independence study was accomplished through comparison of the bed volume fraction profiles and by reasoning the grid accuracy and computational cost. The standard deviation concept was used to determine the mixing quality indexes. Simulated results showed that UDFs improvements increased the accuracy of the mathematical model. Smaller size ratio of the MSW-dolomite mixture revealed a more uniform mixing, and larger ratios enhanced segregation. Also, increased superficial gas velocity promoted the solid particles mixing. Heat transfer within the fluidized bed showed strong dependence on the MSW solid particles sizes, with smaller particles revealing a more effective process.


An analysis of construction was conducted in this study, and the guidelines for designing roller mills used commonly in the agri-food, chemical, power and construction industries were presented. Quick designing of the machines required existence of adequate mathematical models. Within the framework of the study's realization, a mathematical model was developed and we presented the selected results of calculations of the milling rollers loading from the assembly's mill bowl. The simulation calculations conducted with the mathematical model unambiguously show that the roller's rotation around a fixed point considerably influences the total loading of the mill's bowl, and passing over that phenomenon is a mistake.


This paper aims to compare solving the trajectory tracking problem of non-holonomic wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) using backstepping kinematic control and fuzzy logic, sliding mode and fuzzy sliding mode dynamic control methods. The fuzzy logic control is based on a backstepping approach and may be used to ensure asymptotic stability of robots position to the desired trajectory. Although this method has the advantage of not needing the details of WMR dynamic model, the weak performance of this method in the presence of exogenous signals and its strong dependence on the IF-THEN rules motivates its replacement with a fuzzy sliding mode dynamic controller to simultaneously obtain robust trajectory tracking results and a decrease in the chattering effect caused by SMDC. The superiority of FSMDC to SMDC and FLDC is illustrated in a simulation study.


The resource-transition net (RTN) NR is the reduction form of N, which is the Petri net model of an automated manufacturing system (AMS). Thus, NR plays an important role in system deadlock analysis and control. After a couple of properties in resource-transition nets are summarized, conclusions are proposed as follows. If the inner sub-net N1 on R1 (where R1 is an arbitrary resource subset) of the RTN NR is strongly connected, there must be a resource-transition circuit (RTC) with R1 as its resource set (such as θ=R1,(·R1∩R1·)). In addition, if θ satisfies the perfection condition, the RTC θ is a Perfect Maximal Resource-Transition Circuit (PMRTC) of N.


As the energy of light incident upon an atom or molecule is increased above that of the lowest ionization energy, a variety of neutral and ionic electronic states can be formed. The former include singly excited states converging onto an ion state with one hole in an inner orbital and doubly excited states converging onto an ionic (satellite) state with two electrons excited from the neutral configuration. These neutral resonances may decay to lower-lying ionic states through the process of autoionization. The ionic states include single hole and satellite ionic states formed directly in conjunction with a free electron. Probing the formation and characteristics of these ionic states is a primary aim of photoelectron spectroscopy. In traditional photoelectron spectroscopy the photon energy is scanned, and all electrons formed with a specific kinetic energy and angular distribution are detected. Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy uses static electric fields to allow the selective detection of electrons with near-zero kinetic energy formed in conjunction with a cationic state. Satellite states can be difficult to probe using this technique; in general, such states are formed at high photon energies, they produce low signal intensities and they contribute to a highly congested spectrum. Further, in order to discriminate against the formation of states through nearby autoionizing resonances that result in nonthreshold electrons, there is a need for a high degree of rejection of such electrons, and the effectiveness with which this is accomplished depends upon the electron optical properties of the analyzer, lenses, and electrode surfaces. Separation of such resonant from nonresonant contributions to the partial cross sections for each ionic state is therefore very difficult, but when achieved can significantly increase our understanding of the dominant processes present within an atom or molecule. The introduction of pulsed field ionization‐zero kinetic energy (PFI-ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy in recent years [1] has largely overcome this problem and enabled a high-resolution spectroscopic probe of ionic states formed by excitation and subsequent field ionization.


To obtain a high step-up gain with high efficiency in distributed power sources application, such as photovoltaic and fuel cells, a passive absorption with voltage multiplier character is inserted in the interleaved Flyback-Forward converter to provide another design freedom for leakage energy recycle and voltage gain extension. By high step-up passive-clamp circuit, the voltage spikes on the MOSFETs are clamped and the energy in leakage inductance of coupled inductor can be recycled to get high output voltage. Moreover, high voltage-conversion ratio is achieved. The operational principle and characteristics of the proposed converter are presented, and verified experimentally with a 500W prototype converter.


Background: Receptive Language Disorder (RLD) is a condition where a child has trouble understanding and processing words. This can affect the child's ability to communicate, learn and play with others. Hearing loss is a common cause of language disorders including RLD leading to difficulties with behaviour and poor academic achievement. Early intervention with speech and language therapy improves language outcomes. Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA), which assess Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), is a non-invasive and objective way to evaluate functional integrity of auditory pathway. It evaluates hearing in terms of the degree of hearing loss and the type of hearing loss. Aims: The study was done to assess the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential in children aged 1-3 years with receptive language disorder and to assess if any hearing loss is present by finding out the auditory threshold. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was done in a Neurophysiology labof Eastern region of India between December, 2017 to January, 2019. 60 children with receptive language disorder from Paediatric Medicine or otorhinolaryngology (ENT) Department were taken as subjects. They were further assessed by the Early Language Milestone Scale 2 and then subjected to monaural threshold BAEP test after taking proper consent and ethical clearance.Statistical analysis was done by Student t test, Results: The prolongation of wave 'I' and wave 'V' latency along with inter peak latencies (III-V, I-V) in both ears compared to Age matched controls was significant (P< 0.05). The auditory threshold was higher in both ears in children with receptive language disorder. The findings of evaluation by Early Language Milestone Scale 2 corresponded to that of BAEP findings. Conclusions: The above study suggests that there is both central and peripheral neuropathy affecting auditory pathway of the subjects having receptive language disorder.


The toughness and strength have greatly improved in the emerging new high-grade pipeline steels.However,the standard samples are required for high constraint in the existing measurement methods,in which the pipeline steels are difficult to meet the thickness condition.The testing of fracture toughness and resistance curve requires a large number of experimental and numerical assessment.The R curve of X65 pipe steel was measured using the three point bending specimens,the test of X65 pipeline steel fracture toughness and resistance curve,and the results were assessed by two testing standards.Thickness constraint effects of R curve are analyzed by finite element model with damage criteria.The results showed that: the CTOD values calculated by standard of BS7448 are more than the ASTM E1820's,and the ratio of CTOD in the two methods increases with the crack propagation length increasing.


The presence of a factor that regulates plasma arachidonic acid which is distinct from the pancreatic enzymes has been previously demonstrated in the external pancreatic secretion of the dog and pig. The present study was undertaken to determine if the factor is present in man. The fatty acid percentage composition of plasma total esterified, phospholipid, cholesterol ester, triglyceride and unesterified fatty acid fractions was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, and the absolute levels (mg/100 ml) of each fraction were determined in patients with pancreatic cystic fibrosis, Laennec's cirrhosis and hepatitis. These were compared with the levels of groups of normal children and adults. Characteristic alteration of the percentage composition of the plasma fatty acids was observed in pancreatic cystic fibrosis. Palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acids were elevated with concomitant depression of linoleic and arachidonic acids. Since hepatomegaly was noted in several of the children, the same study was done ...


Abstract The genus Splachnum is newly recorded from Brazil based on a collection from Santa Catarina. Inferences from two chloroplast loci, the trnL-trnF region and the rps4 gene, indicate that this sample is closely allied to the primarily North American S. pensylvanicum, but differs by several mutations. Examination of populations of S. pensylvanicum suggests that this species is fairly variable morphologically, and that the Brazilian specimen, although atypic, cannot be distinguished from the Northern Hemisphere populations. The population from Santa Catarina, Brazil, is only the second record of this species from South America and the first from the Southern Hemisphere.


Objective:  The diagnostic entity of major depressive episode includes both simple and agitated or mixed depression. Mixed depression is characterized by a full depressive episode with several symptoms of excitatory nature. Mixed depressions worsen if treated with antidepressants.


21 st century has been considered as the era of exponential growth of knowledge and global competition. Globalisation process has put the nation in to the dearth of tough competition. Efficiency to survive in this competition is determined by the quality of education which plays a very pivotal role in the process of the 21 st century nation building. Undoubtedly education plays a very crucial role in the development of nation but the quality of education, especially school education is very much determined by the competency and quality of teachers. Thus, the present research article is being conceptualised in the light of contemporary teaching competency of school teachers. It aims not only to bring attention of educationists towards the contemporary issues of teaching competencies of Indian school teachers but also mooting the new and efficient mode of teaching competency too. Analytical and descriptive methods are employed in order to develop the paper. Information and literature of different organizations and apex agencies (NCTE, NCERT, NCF-2005, and UGC) of Indian education system were taken in to consideration for the development of present research article. At the end of paper, very viable and valid suggestions for the development of teaching competencies were also mooted by the author.


The utility model provides a binding assistive kit for nursing and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. According to the technical scheme, the binding assistive kit comprises an instrument storage box, and is characterized in that a storage space is arranged in the storage box, classified bandage storage grooves are formed in the storage space, all-cotton gauze bandages and elastic bandages are arranged in the classified bandage storage grooves, a scissor storage groove is formed in one side of the classified bandage storage grooves, medical scissors are arranged in the scissor storage groove, a forcep storage groove is formed below the scissor storage groove, medical forceps are arranged in the force storage groove, and an adhesive tape storage groove is formed below the forcep storage groove. The binding assistive kit for nursing is simple in structure and convenient to use, operation is simple and time and labor are saved when medical workers carry out binding on a patient, and work difficulty of the medical workers is reduced.


Social commerce has been a new distribution channel and marketing tool for family restaurants. The purpose of this study is to find out differences of revisit intention with discount and without discount according to customers' experiences of social commerce's discount deal. For this purpose data were gathered from 294 questionnaires delivered to family restaurants' customers who has experienced of social commerce or seen family restaurants' social commerce deal and this study was carried out using factor analysis, discriminant analysis and independent t-test. In conclusion, this study found out as follows: between experienced group and inexperienced group has difference revisit intentions. The revisit intention with discount of experienced group is stronger than inexperienced group. And The revisit intention with discount is stronger than revisit intention without discount in Both of groups. Therefore, social commerce's discount deal makes low psychological price between consumers.


It is important to inventory and monitor wetlands and their adjacent environment. People can't go to somewhere of wetlands. Satellite remote sensing has several advantages for monitoring wetland resources, especially for large geographic areas and no man's land This paper uses multi-temporal Landsat TM and ETM+ data to study the degradation of wetlands. The simple method to classify wetlands is unsupervised classification or clustering. Wetland classification is difficult because of spectral confusion with other landcover classes and among different types of wetlands. However, multi-temporal remote sensing data and ancillary data such as soil data, elevation or topography data usually improves the classification of wetlands. Change detection studies have taken advantage of the repeat coverage and archival data available with satellite remote sensing. The result of multi-temporal monitoring indicates the degradation of Ruoergai Wetland.


This project explores the use of narrative strategies to assist high school students in creating photography that expresses their personal story and an understanding of universal themes. Review of the current literature indicates that story telling is a viable approach that allows students to explore imagery and connect it to text in a meaningful way. Imagery that emerges from personal stories is an effective way of relating ideas to peers, community, and society. My personal story and experience in photography became the foundation for classroom lessons which move from simple to more complex ideas including metaphor. Photography lessons included problem solving, reflective thinking, and recording ideas in sketchbooks. The use of narrative strategies created ideal learning situations for promoting student independence and a deeper understanding of their work. Further research is required to determine the benefits of using narrative strategies and should involve surveying students for reciprocal transfer of learning.


We study the evolution of cosmological magnetic fields in FRW models with curved spatial sections and outline a geometrical mechanism for their superadiabatic amplification on large scales. The mechanism operates within standard electromagnetic theory and applies to FRW universes with open spatial sections. We discuss the general relativistic nature of the effect and show how it modifies the adiabatic magnetic evolution by reducing the depletion rate of the field. Assuming a universe that is only marginally open today (i.e. for 1i Ω0 » 10 i2 ), we estimate the main features of the superadiabatically amplified residual field and find that is of astrophysical interest.


Introduction Knowledge of the association between isolated tumor cells (ITCs) in breast cancer patients and the outcome is very limited. We aimed to determine the prognostic value of axillary lymph node ITCs for T1N0M0 female breast cancer (FBC) patients. Methods Data for T1N0M0 FBC patients staged ITCs negative [pN0(i−)] and positive [pN0(i+)] were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2015. Prognostic predictors were identified by Kaplan–Meier analysis, competing risk model, and Fine–Gray multivariable regression model. Results A total of 94,599 subjects were included, 88,632 of whom were staged at pN0(i−) and 5,967 were pN0(i+). Patients staged pN0(i+) had worse breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) [hazard ratio (HR): 1.298, 95% CI = 1.069–1.576, P = 0.003] and higher breast cancer-specific death (BCSD) rate (Gray's test, P = 0.002) than pN0(i−) group. In the Fine–Gray multivariable regression analysis, the pN0(i+) group had higher BCSD rate (HR: 1.321, 95% CI = 1.109–1.575, P = 0.002) than pN0(i−) group. In subgroup analyses, no significant difference in BCSD was shown between the chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy subgroup (Gray's test, P = 0.069) or radiotherapy and non-radiotherapy subgroup (Gray's test, P = 0.096). Conclusion ITC was independently related to the increase of the BCSD rate and could be identified as a reliable survival predictor for T1N0M0 FBC patients.


Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of color of lighting and skin color under that illuminant on affectivity. Background: People's feelings are often affected by the colors. Especially under an illuminant, the color of lighting and the surface colors reflected by that lighting will affect the people's feeling. Even though there have been many studies on color emotion, there is not many studies on the color emotion considering the lighting color and surface color together. Method: Ten adjectives describing the affectivity of lighting were selected after analyzing the various magazines and websites for lighting and cosmetic products. Then 12 subjects evaluated the affectivity of environment shown under a study table lamp having four different colors. To consider their skin colors for affectivity judgment, a square mirror was shown on a desk. Results: Subjects felt 'Warm' and 'Soft' under lower color temperature and low luminance condition. In contrast, high color temperature and high luminance condition evoked 'Clean' and 'Strong' feeling. Conclusion: It is found that the affectivity is influenced by lighting condition. Especially feeling by the color of the lighting is stronger than that by the surface colors under that lighting. Application: The result of this study will help to design better emotional lighting.


Recent theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated that an estimate of the Green's function between two hydrophones can be extracted passively from the cross‐correlation of ambient noise recorded at these two points. Hence monitoring the temporal evolution of these estimated Green's functions can provide a means for noise‐based acoustic tomography using a distributed sensor network. However, obtaining unbiased Green's function estimates requires a sufficiently spatially and temporally diffuse ambient noise field. Broadband ambient noise ([200 Hz–20 kHz]) was recorded continuously for 3 days during the SWAMSI09 experiment (next to Panama City, FL) using two moored vertical line arrays (VLAs) spanning the 13‐m water column and separated by 150 m. The feasibility of noise‐based acoustic tomography was assessed in this dynamic coastal environment over the whole recording period. Furthermore, coherent array processing of the computed ocean noise cross‐correlations between all pairwise combinations o...