Objective To investigate the relationship between the Microsatellite Instability(MSI) and the clinicopathological features as well as the prognosis in patients with thyroid carcinoma.Methods The expression of MSI was analyzed by detecting THRA1,D2S123,D11S912,BAT-26 using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in 30 cases of thyroid carcinoma and 30 cases of normal tissues.The postoperative course and survival rates were compared among patients with and without MSI,and 5 year survival rate were counted.Results The most frequent MSI was observed at THRA1 with an incidence of 43.3%(13/30),MSI on D2S123 was detected in36.7%(11/30) of the tumors.In follicular cancer,MSI in D2S123 occurred at a frequency of 100%(6/6) with no(0%) occurrence of MSI at the nearby BAT-26 loci.MSI was detected about 26.7%(8/30) on D18S58.BAT-26,which is an important marker in colorectal cancer,displayed the lowest frequency of MSI in our panel of thyroid tumors 6.7%(2/30).Follow-up survey 5 years after the operation,it was found that the patients with MSI-positive cancer showed longer survival period compared with those with MSI negative cancer.The high frequency of MSI can be detected at both 2p and 18q loci.The link between MSI in D2S123 and follicular carcinoma was statistically significant,and there was a significant correlation between MSI in D18S58 and patients' age as well as the stage of tumor.Lowest frequency of MSI in BAT-26 was found in thyroid,which is different from that in colorectal cancer.Conclusion MSI leads to the instability of the genome,which has the notable significance in the occurance of the thyroid tumors.Patients with MSI positive cancer showed longer survival period than those with MSI negative cancer.


AbstractReinforced masonry (RM) shear walls are key structural elements widely used to resist lateral loads in masonry buildings due to their capability to provide lateral strength, stiffness, and ...


This paper discusses on the necessity and certainty of the sustainable development of the books and information resources under the network environment,probes into the necessary conditions for the sustainable development ofthe books and information resources under the network environment,and points out some problems existingin this field.


Because of the subjective nature of headache syndromes, a prevalent misconception is that the headache literature is lacking in objective data and controlled studies. Indeed, management strategies differ so greatly among headache practitioners reflecting their varying depths of knowledge and their individual interpretations of published information. The Management of Migraine by Dr. Spierings is a subtle rebuttal against this lack of standardized care.


Objective To develop an HPLC method for determination of Emodin,Rhein,Chrysophanol,Rheochrysidin and Aloe-emodin in Tongfu capsule.MethodsThe analysis was carried out on a Waters C18(250?.6mm,5m) column eluted with a mobile phase of water containing 0.1% phosphoric acid solution-methanol(V∶V=15∶85).The flow rate was 1.0μl/min and column temperature was 35℃.The detection wavelength was set at 254nm.ResultsThe calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.0162~0.323g,0.016~0.318g,0.0164-0.328g,0.008~0.16g,0.020~0.406g for Emodin,Rhein,Chrysophanol,Rheochrysidin and Aloe-emodin,respectively;correlation coefficient were 0.9999.The average recoveries were 99.0%,99.0%,99.2%,98.3%,99.4%(n=6).ConclusionThis method is accurate and reproducible for determination of Emodin,Rhein,Chrysophanol,Rheochrysidin and Aloe-emodin in Tongfu Capsule.


In this paper, we proposed a portable, easy-to-operate, low cost and anti-fouling microcapsule array aiming for multitarget biochemical assay. This novel microcapsule array is achieved by ice printing and photopolymerization sealing. Only tiny amount of sample (2μL for each microcapsule) is needed to fulfill the assay. All the reagents required for the analysis are tightly sealed within the microcapsule in frozen or liquid form. With the aid of automatic equipment, the ice-printed microcapsule array chip can be massively produced, which enables its disposable use. Nitrite was chosen as a model target as a proof of concept. An instant qualitative detection by naked eyes was achieved without the need of any external sophisticated instruments. The quantitative detection was realized simply by camera photographing and image processing.


Background: Trochanteric bursitis is one of the most common causes of lateral hip pain in adults. The prevalence of unilateral trochanteric bursitis is 15.0% in women and 8.5% in men. Access to internet based information has increased dramatically and health related information is now one of the most popular searches in online activity, despite this the quality of information can vary. The objective of this paper is to examine the quality and readability of internet based information of trochanteric bursitis. Methods: Websites were identified using the search term "trochanteric bursitis" and the first 50 websites from the top five separate search engines (Google, Bing, Yahoo, Ask and duckduckgo) were selected. After excluding duplicate websites, 114 of the total 250 websites were evaluated. The website authorship was then classified as: academic, physician, medico-legal, commercial, social media/ discussion, hospital, non-physician or unspecified. Readability was assessed using the Flesh Reading Ease score and Flesh-Kincaid grade level. The quality of each website was calculated using the DISCERN tool and The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria. We also assessed for the presence of HON-code certification which is now broadly recognised as an ethical code for medical web sites. Results: The mean DISCERN, JAMA, Flesh Reading Ease score and Flesh-Kincaid grade level values of academic, physician and hospital sites was 44.62, 1.8, 46.28 and 8.55 respectively. Whilst the mean DISCERN, JAMA, Flesh Reading Ease score and Flesh-Kincaid grade level values of medico-legal, commercial, discussion/social media, nonphysician and unspecified sites were 30.62, 0.375, 51.34 and 8.31 respectively. Thirteen percent of the websites had HON code certification, all of which belonged to the academic, physician and hospital authored websites. Conclusions: Overall, we have found a high variability among not only the quality but also the readability of information published. Websites that appeared first on each search engine for trochanteric bursitis did not necessarily score better, demonstrating the importance of providing patients with high quality resources. Future articles should use more critical appraisal tools in order to provide the reader with more high quality and readable information.


Aiming at the measurement method of electrical capacitance tomography, a set of micro-capacitance acquisition system for planar array capacitance sensor is designed. Using the circuit principle design of high sensitivity and anti-interference, a dual-channel signal generator with adjustable amplitude and phase was designed to excite the capacitance sensor. The core capacitance voltage conversion circuit of the acquisition system adopts an AC excitation type conversion circuit with the ability to resist stray capacitance interference, and analyzes the error influencing factors in combination with the actual circuit components. The array control switch group is designed for multi-channel switching acquisition, and optimized in conjunction with the capacitor voltage conversion circuit. For the phase demodulation method, an orthogonal optimization method based on hardware multiplier is proposed. A micro-capacitor experiment is designed to calibrate the acquisition circuit. The experimental results show that the capacitance acquisition resolution of the micro-capacitor acquisition system within the acquisition range is 2.84fF, the linearity is 0.9998, and the acquisition error is less than 0.12fF.


This study was conducted on 334 cases of the acute drug intoxication visited to the emergency room of Gyungsang University Hospital for 3 years from January 1, 1988 to December 31,1990. The results were as follows: 1. The ratio of acute drug intoxicated patients to total patients of the emergency ro...


ABSTRACT Has the executive role of the European Commission changed since the euro area crisis? Intergovernmentalists point to the increased role of the member states and the Council at the expense of the Commission and other supranational institutions. This article examines how the Commission has responded to the expansion of fiscal and economic rules such as the regulations that strengthen the EU's statistical competence and the Six-Pack and Two-Pack. Based on interviews conducted with key staff, we find that these rules have created significant co-ordination, information and analytical demands on the Commission. The latter has enhanced its horizontal and vertical co-ordination efforts, prioritized staff for the Directorate-Generals conducting surveillance activities, added DGs to these efforts, and reorganized their organizational structures to promote a deeper understanding of the member states' fiscal and economic policies. Using a principal–agent, approach this article explains how the Commission has increased its role in European integration process.


CubeSats offer new perspectives for constellations, formation flying swarms or deep space missions provided a micro-propulsion for orbit main tenance. In deep space, a relative autonomy is highly desirable for the orbit determination, and u ltimately for the orbit correction maneuvers themselves: more system resources could be allocat ed to the payload, and less resources to ground operations and teletransmissions. Within a t echnological roadmap for deep space CubeSats with a micro-propulsion-based AOCS (Attitude and Or bit Control System), we present its onboard orbit determination function in "cruise" cont ex .


This research uses a case study of Ghana to develop a framework to address the question: how should ministries of health in developing countries approach tailoring supply chain segmentation and support strategies for public health products in their countries in order to improve supply chain performance? In the resulting framework three supply chain types with corresponding baseline support strategies are identified. Furthermore, a systematic approach to analyzing country complexity is developed in order to tailor the baseline supply chain segmentation and support strategies for particular countries. We apply this framework in Ghana and identify four unique environments that are distinguished by regional and facility differences. We then present tailored supply chain support strategies that address the specific constraints of each environment and recommend high priority interventions to improve public health impact. This framework and the thinking behind it extend existing theory about supply chain segmentation and supporting operational strategies currently being used for commercial supply chains in the developed world by adapting it for application to public health supply chains in the developing world.


A method for improving the reliability of agricultural trailers by replacing steel sides with composite sandwich structures is considered, which makes it possible to reduce their weight with a general improvement in performance. The fastening of such boards to the metal frame of the platform is carried out using steel supports. Carrying out loading and unloading operations can be carried out by overturning the side board around the lower hinged supports, with the opening of the latches on the two upper supports. A comparative analysis of the existing methods of joining "steel-composite" (adhesive, with the help of mechanical fasteners, combined, glue-pin) made it possible to identify their shortcomings when using a multilayer composite structure characterized by insufficient strength of the inner layers adjacent to the support. The design of the lower hinged support, devoid of the described shortcomings, has been developed. The connection is carried out using two steel lugs containing profiles with spearshaped fasteners, which are introduced into the skin prepregs at the stage of composite manufacturing. The lugs are tightened with bolts, which allows you to create a reliable connection between the steel hinged supports and the side plate, which consists of a multilayer composite. A method for calculating the lower support has been developed, as a result of which the most loaded fasteners have been identified, and an expression has been obtained to determine the maximum acting force. Recommendations are proposed for calculating the strength of the most loaded fastener according to the allowable shear stresses of its cylindrical part.


With countless businesses and millions of customers dependent upon cloud infrastructure, cloud resource manage-ment is more critical now than ever. Workloads like VMs, Databases and micro services use cloud resources and their usage data is monitored by the cloud service providers. With the cloud workload data, workloads can be categorized based on their usage of CPU, Memory and Disk I/O Operations. Clustering the workload data based on these categories will infer an understanding of the characteristics of workloads, usage of resources and efficient allocation of resources to the cloud service providers. Multiple clustering methods are compared and analysed thereby helping in smooth scaling without impacting the QoS (Quality of Service) of existing users. In past, Disk IO operations weren't CPU bottlenecked due to their low Disk IOPS, but with rising IOPS in storage devices, it can be seen if this still holds true.


California bearing ratio(CBR) is one index for strength assessment of roadbed soil and pavement material. CBR test is important and complicated,whose value is significant for roadbed pavement design and construction.


The SIGN guideline on Parkinson's disease recommends that people with suspected Parkinson's should be referred untreated by a GP to a consultant with expertise in movement disorders


The invention discloses a sapphire diaphragm producing technology which comprises a series of processes of square forming, slicing, laser irradiation, numerically-controlled machine tool machining, grinding, edge beveling position polishing, screen printing, baking, ultrasonic cleaning inspection and packaging. The reasonable size is reserved between the working procedures. The working procedures are reasonable in design, the production technology is optimized, the production efficiency is high, and the producing technology is suitable for mass production. The sapphire is high in hardness and resistant to abrasion and scratching. Sapphire ultra-thin machining is achieved through square forming, slicing and grinding, raw materials are saved, the cost is lowered, and the mobile phone touch screen sensitivity is improved.


In current commercial routers, increased execution speeds of Network Processor Units (NPUs) in Line Cards (LCs) significantly improve network QoS performance. Achieving high network performance, however, may come at a high cost of routers' energy consumption. Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and Dynamic Power Management (DPM) have been proposed as schemes to manage power and reduce energy consumption. Excessive reduction in execution rates or extended sleep periods to save energy, however, could result in severe network degradation which in turn may lead to violation of QoS requirements of the underlying applications. To address the energy-QoS dichotomy, we propose a congestion- and energy-aware packet scheduling scheme to achieve a balance between network delay and energy saving. The scheme, referred to as Queue Length (QL)-based Delay-aware packet scheduler (QLDA), uses multiple queue length thresholds to accurately capture network congestion. In response to different levels of network congestion, the QLDA scheme uses carefully designed frequency adjustment strategies to control execution rates in line cards and achieve high energy savings, without violating the delay requirements of the underlying applications. The simulation results show that the QLDA scheme has potential for significant energy saving in high-speed networks. Furthermore, a simulation study is carried out to compare the performance of the proposed scheme to other DVFS-based schemes described in the literature. The results show that the QLDA scheme outperforms the existing schemes for different network topologies and traffic loads, while meeting the delay performance of the supported applications.


Although human resource managers have critical insights into the successful implementation of reduced-load work arrangements, relatively few studies focus on their perspective. These arrangements are a growing work form for employees who choose to work less than full-time with a commensurate decrease in salary. Qualitative data analysis was used to identify key success factors noted in interviews with 52 HR managers in 39 companies. Individual employee characteristics (e.g., self-regulatory work habits) were viewed as most critical. Also important were the design of the arrangement (e.g., clarifying the arrangement in advance) and workgroup relationships (e.g., positive supervisor-employee relationships). We conclude with eight new takeaways for HR managers on how to create and sustain successful reduced-load work arrangements and directions for future research and practice. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In this paper, the association characteristics of Cross-Coupled Hopfield Nets (CCHN) proposed as a mod ular neural network model are discussed in an analytical way. In the CCHN, an arbitrary number of modules (Hopfield networks) can be mutually connected via feedforward networks called "internetworks", whose out puts generate the interactions among module networks. To evaluate the CCHN as a modular neural network, it has been applied to associative memories so far. Although its excellent association performance is sup ported by many simulation results, it is still difficult to compute the memory capacity exactly and examine the dynamical properties rigorously, because the information processing of the CCHN includes strong non linearity. Hence, as the first step to the analytical approach, this paper focuses on a 1-module CCHN whose interaction is realized by a two-layered feedforward internetwork. In this case, the connection matrix of the CCHN degenerates into a single square-matrix like a conventional au to association type of associative memory. Through the eigenvalue analysis for the connection matrix, we reveal that the essential differences between the association characteristics of the CCHN and a conventional auto-correlation associative memory originate from the dynamics in the noise-space which is the orthogonal complement of the subspace generated from memory patterns.


where α0 is a material dependent constant, ω the angular frequency, and y is usually a noninteger number. Duck [1] indicates, that for most soft tissue and biological fluids y lies in the range of 1.0 to 1.5, although some tissues possess a value smaller than 1.0. We aim to integrate this damping behavior including dispersion into the finite element method (FEM) code developed at the department.


An antigen construct comprising a fusion of at least one polypeptide env HIV-1 Group O with at least one polypeptide env HIV-1 Group M, wherein each polypeptide derived from the env protein Group O or M contains the least 5 amino acids.


Based on the dynamic analysis of the Mianmao high,Jiudingshan and Baodinggou Nature Reserve,this paper introduced the Mianmao highway's obstructing effect on these two nature reserves and the influence of communication between different wild animal populations in two nature reserves,and put up countermeasures to reduce the obstructing effect.


3 Bedrooms Bedrooms With 2.5 Bathrooms Bathrooms Single Level For Sale W. Silver River In 4262 W. Silver River Street, Meridian, Idaho 83646


The conventional mass loss tests and the electrochemical techniques were used to study the inhibition action of LiOH and Na 2MoO 4 either individually or in different combination for copper nickel alloy in boiling 65% LiBr solution. It indicates that the corrosion rate of copper nickel is decreased when LiOH or Na 2MoO 4 is added to the solution individually. LiOH concentration has a double effect on the corrosion behavior of copper nickel. Low concentration is benefit to forming oxide film. High concentration results in dissolution of oxide film. The optimal concentration of LiOH is 0.15?mol/L. The dissolution of copper nickel is effectively prevented when adding 200?mg/L Na 2MoO 4 to boiling 65% LiBr solution with 0.15?mol/L LiOH. The inhibition mechanism is considered that the films of Cu, Ni, Mo oxides and deposited nonprotective in soluble CuBr on the surface of metal could prevent Br - ion from absorption, which prevent alloy dissolving.


The influence of a concentrated extract of soluble substances from the sciatic nerve upon the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) content in the soleus muscle of adult rats was examined by in vivo infusions. Internal and membrane‐inserted AChR were quantitated by the specific binding of 125I‐alpha‐bungarotoxin (a‐BuTX). Interestingly, the nerve extract had no apparent effect unless the soleus muscle was also denervated at the start of the infusion. Then, after 66 hr, substantially less (60‐80%) binding of125I‐a‐BuTX to AChR was observed compared to denervated solei that did not receive an infusion of nerve extract. However, the concentration of protein in the nerve extract had to exceed 5 mg/ml before this effect was evident. Infusions of phosphate‐buffered saline, bovine serum albumin, rat liver extract, or human transferrin had no striking effect upon AChR. The prevention of the characteristic denervation‐induced increase in nonjunctional AChR by an active component in the nerve extract may be due to a trophic signal for decreased synthesis of AChR, but it is also possible that the degradation of AChR was increased.


From a critical discourse analysis of all gay-related news reports in five mainstream Beijing newspapers between 2010 and 2015, this article distils four dominant categories of images of gays and lesbians represented by the news media: gays as crime victims because of their presumed inherent weakness, as violent subjects, as enemies of traditional values and as a source of social instability. This means that despite legal and official recognition of homosexuality in China, it is still tainted with sin and perversion in the mainstream public discourse. The way in which the Chinese news media and journalists construct the image of the homosexual person notably differs from that in the West. Newspapers treat gay men and lesbians separately, with the former deemed socially destabilising elements of violence and promiscuity and the latter seen as closer to 'normal' heterosexuals in the way they think and act. In addition, Chinese news reports almost completely silence gay people who are rarely interviewed, and the few who are see only their expressions of shame or regret published. This article discusses and interprets such discursive strategies within the specific sociocultural context of Chinese society.


The merging of two numerical coercivity models, the first valid for low‐magnetization materials and the second valid for high‐magnetization materials, permits us to obtain a qualitative composite model which encompasses a wide range of material parameters for soft magnetic materials. It is possible to sort out with this model the range of validity of each submodel. Furthermore, experiments are suggested which would differentiate between the submodels and help to determine the arbitrary parameters inherent in them.


The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) operates a large fleet of on-road and off-road equipment. Consequently, fleet maintenance procedures (specifically preventive maintenance such as oil changes) represent a significant cost to the agency. TxDOT currently uses a preventive maintenance schedule dependent on simple variables such as vehicle miles or operational hours logged. However, with newer engines and vehicles that are equipped with onboard diagnostic systems, there is the possibility of tracking these parameters or performance measures over time and correlating them to oil degradation levels to determine the need for preventive maintenance. The aim of this research is to: provide a proof of concept for this idea by studying whether a statistical approach to recommending oil changes in TxDOT's fleet vehicles can be achieved based on collection of engine data (through onboard diagnostics) and oil sampling analysis; and assess whether predictive intervals can improve preventive maintenance practices and save money.


The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of smartphone addiction, loneliness and gender differences. To collect data; demographic questionnaire, Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version (SAS-SV) and UCLA-Loneliness (Version 3) were applied for among 297 undergraduate's students in Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar campus. To analyse these data; correlation and t test were used. Results revealed that smartphone addiction was significantly related with loneliness. Furthermore, there were no significant gender difference in smartphone addiction and loneliness. However smartphone addiction is positively related to loneliness. While the study shows that smartphone addiction are positively related to loneliness in females undergraduates, on the other hand it has no correlation in males undergraduates. The higher smartphone addiction levels will lead to higher loneliness level. The results of the study were discussed together with the results of different studies and the limitations and recommendations were made.


Objective To investigate the changes in PKC gamma(PKCγ)expression in spinal cord dorsal horn in the cross-organ sensitized rat model,and study the relationship between PKCγexpression and visceral hypersensitivity.Methods Ovalbumin(OVA) basal-sensitization combined with colon mustard oil(MO)instillation was used to reproduce the sensitized cross-organ rat model.Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group(group A,n=7),cross-organ sensitized model group(group B,received basal OVA-sensitization combined with colon MO instillation,n=8),OVA+MO+saline group(group C,received basal OVA-sensitization combined with colon MO instillation and intrathecal injection of 10lsaline,n=7),OVA+MO+GF109203Xgroup(group D,received basal OVA-sensitization combined with colon MO instillation and intrathecal injection of 10lGF109203X,n=8).The expression of PKCγin spinal cord dorsal horn was monitored by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay.The relationship between PKCγexpression and visceral hypersensitivity was analyzed.Results It was shown by immunofluorescence assay that the PKCγexpression in L4-6of spinal cord was significantly higher in cross-organ sensitized model rats(98.99±7.73)than in control rats(56.14±6.22,P0.05).The expression of PKCγ in group D(56.83±7.07)was decreased significantly compared with that in group C(89.59±9.90,P0.05).Western blotting analysis also showed that the PKCγexpression was significantly increased in group B(1.538±0.228)compared with that in group A(1.065±0.064, P0.001),while significantly lower in group D compared with group C(1.124±0.169 vs 1.605±0.224).Conclusions The cross-organ sensitized rat model can be successfully established by basic OVA-sensitization combined with colon MO instillation.PKCγplays an important role in the development and maintenance of colon-urethra cross-organ sensitization by involving in the transmission of hyperalgesia signal.


Angiogenesis represents an essential step of disease progression in several hematological malignancies. A Mayo Clinic study reported that microvessel density (MVD) was increased (intermediate- or high- grade angiogenesis) in 30% of patients with Waldenstrom s Macroglobulinemia (WM), showed only weak correlation with marrow infiltration and had no impact on patients' survival [Rajkumar et al, Semin Oncol2003;30:262-4]. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1alpha) is a potent chemoattractant for macrophages, which contributes to increased angiogenesis in malignant diseases, including multiple myeloma. Our group has reported that serum levels of MIP-1alpha are elevated in WM. To further elucidate the role of angiogenesis in WM, we investigated the association between MVD, MIP-1alpha expression and the macrophage numbers in trephine biopsies of 34 patients with newly-diagnosed WM (3 with asymptomatic disease) and 3 with IgM-Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS). Bone marrow biopsies were studied using double immunohistochemical staining for CD34 (endothelial cells) and CD68 (macrophages/mast cells) using antibodies from Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA & Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA, respectively. We have also used double immunohistochemical staining for CD20/MIP-1alpha and for CD138/MIP-1alpha using an anti-MIP-1alpha antibody from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) to evaluate the MIP-1alpha expression by WM cells. Thirteen patients (35%) showed intermediate-grade and 4 (10%) high-grade angiogenesis. All patients with IgM-MGUS and asymptomatic WM had a very low microvessel count (median: 1, range: 1–2), while the median microvessel count for symptomatic WM was 4 (range: 1–8, p vs. 9/33, 27%; p=0.054). There was no correlation between angiogenesis and survival. We have also observed that WM cells of all patients produced MIP-1alpha. CD138 positive WM cells had higher expression of MIP-1alpha compared to CD20 positive WM cells (p=0.001). Patients with increased numbers of CD68 positive macrophages had increased expression of MIP-1alpha by their WM cells (r=0.732, p


7084 Background: Azacitidine, a cytidine analog, induces DNA demethylation that leads to tumor suppressor gene expression. Cellular effects of azacitidine treatment include differentiation, cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. There is a complex, non-linear relationship between plasma exposure and pharmacodynamic effect of azacitidine that can be fully explored with an oral formulation of azacitidine, enabling alternate dosing strategies ranging from intermittent high dose to continuous, low-dose approaches to DNA demethylation. Methods and Results: A pharmacokinetic study in dogs given oral azacitidine demonstrated rapid absorption with absolute bioavailability of 67% (compared to 71% following SC dosing). When comparing a single parenteral dose of 75 mg/m2 (∼2 mg/kg) given SC to humans vs. a single oral dose of 16 mg/m2 (0.8 mg/kg) given to dogs, plasma concentrations of azacitidine were similar despite the 4- to 5-fold difference in dose as calculated by body surface area (BSA). A 14-day toxicology stud...


The invention discloses a data transmission method and equipment, which relate to the technical field of the wireless communication, and are used for reducing the signaling expense of a system. A radio network temporary identifier RNTI is scheduled by a base station and is transmitted to a terminal; the base station dispatches an uplink resource and/or a downlink resource to the terminal by utilizing a physical downlink control channel PDCCH scrambled by the RNTI, the uplink data transmitted by the terminal is received on the dispatched uplink resource, and the downlink data is transmitted to the terminal on the dispatched downlink resource. The PDCCH scrambled by the dispatched RNTI is monitored and used by the terminal, and the resource dispatched by the monitored PDCCH is used for transmitting the uplink data and/or for receiving the downlink data. Due to the adoption of the method, the signaling expense of the system can be effectively reduced.


Based on the XML data streaming transformation technology,a streaming transformation method is proposed for transforming GML to GeoOWL.Firstly,an element mapping transformation model is built by analyzing the mapping between GML elements and GeoOWL elements,then it is described using STX,finally the method is implemented using streaming transformation technology.Experiments show that our method is accurate,efficient and less memory is consumed,thus suitable for large GML file transformation.


The Pecaya parish is located in Venezuela, between the parallel 10° 35', 11° 10' of North latitude and 69° 35', 70°5' of West longitude. The Agave cocui Trel. is the raw material for the Cocuy Pecayero spirituous liquor production. A 36 720 Agave plant and 10.404 tree annual exploitation for this activity was estimated. The firewood is the only energy source for the cocuy spirituous liquor distillation. It was estimated that the energy consumption from firewood for each destillator surpasses 84 millions Kj/month, representing almost 43 times monthly commercial liquid gas consumption of a standard family. However, a more efficient energy source could be the loss cause of a millennial tradition. All of the above mentioned is enough reason to compromise the national forest management responsible institutions to make the decision of beginning the Pecaya reforestation before its total desertification.


Since the appearance of the continuous extrusion process, the section shape of the feedstock is round. The shape of the feedstock directly affects metal deformation and metal flow characteristics during the continuous extrusion process. Based on finite element method (FEM), using the Deform-3D software, this paper simulates continuous extrusion forming process for copper bus bar, and analyzes the effect of different feedstock shape on metal flowing temperature, velocity, rotating torque. The results show that: the size of the rectangular feedstock must be within a reasonable range, otherwise the continuous extrusion process can not be established; the rectangular feedstock is benefit to the flow uniformity comparing with the round feedstock; the temperature of the billet and tooling with rectangular feedstock is lower than that with round feedstock, as the feedstock width increases, the temperature decreases and the area of high temperature becomes smaller; the change of the feedstock shape and size has no effect on the extrusion wheel torque value.


In order to determine the relationship of the minerals which are a product of alteration processes and predomoniant in the Spanish deposits with the pitchblendes considered to be the primary minerals and their mutual dependence, a method was developed based on a differential geochemical study of the pitchblendes and uranium phosphates, through a quantiltative spectrochemical analysis of the chemical elements which are associated with the uranium in minute quantities. These geochemical associations persist in the hydrolysates, since the coexistence of the olgo-elements of pitchblende can be shown in the surface waters. An Fe--Cu--V and Ag--U diagram is drawn up, which shows, for each zone or geochemical group, the hydrothermail origin of the abnormalities in the uranium content. By resorting to electronic microscopy, a study was made of the elemental forms of the precrystalline and amorphous states of pitchblende tn the various phases which intervene in its deposition. Use is made of the carbon replica technique on suspensions of particles of the mineral about 1 or 2 microns in size and the etched surfaces of polished preparations. (auth)


The purpose of this brief is to investigate the degradation of 1/f noise levels that is caused by Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling stress for both the silicon nanowire transistor (SNWT) and the FinFET. The oxide traps that are generated under constant-voltage FN stress are extracted from the 1/f noise characteristics. Under the same FN stress voltage and time, the amount of oxide traps that is generated in the cylindrical-channel SNWT is much larger than that generated in the planar-channel FinFET, which is due to the increased electric field at the SiO2/Si interface that is caused by the cylindrical architecture of the SNWT.


Belt conveyors are regarded as the most common material handling systems in the modern world due to their ability to handle a vast range of bulk materials. Modern belt conveyors are used in a wide range of industries ranging from food manufacturing to power generation. Although belt conveyors have been around for centuries, their principle structure have been unchanged. In this paper a novel type of conveyor system is taken into account and a mathematical model that allows the analysis of the dynamic states of the proposed belt conveyor is presented. The novel conveyor system identified as the rail conveyor implements a cart based propagation technique abandoning the traditional idlers. The simulation model is conceived by adopting a finite number of elements consisting of springs, masses, and dampers for various forces existing in the belt and other structures of the rail conveyor. Each rheological model comprised of elements described later in this paper are formulated to characterize innate qualities such as viscoelastic behavior of the belt and resistance forces experienced by the carts in the rail conveyor system.


Developed robotics sensitive skin is a modularized, flexible, mini-type array of infrared sensors with data processing capabilities, which can be used to cover the body of a robot. Depending on the infrared sensors and periphery processing circuit, robotics sensitive skin can in real-time provide existence and distance information about obstacles for robots within sensory areas. The methodology of designing sensitive skin and the algorithm of a mass of IR data fusion are presented. The experimental results show that the multi-joint robot with this sensitive skin can work autonomously in an unknown environment.


Hemoglobin estimation was done in adolescent females, aged between 10 to 18 years, residing in slum areas of Nigdi village fo r etiopath ogenesis of Pandu / anemia. Relation between Hetus and their subsequent Lakshanas were established by statistical analysis; proportion of two variables and result was found to be significant as Hetu and Lakshanas do not differ significantly. On the basis o f observation, prevalence of Tridoshaja Pandu was found in the area taken for the study with 5 percent level of significance.


First Hungarian record of four species of the family Eriocraniidae, Gelechiidae and Tortricidae: Eriocrania cicatricella (Zetterstedt, 1839), Athrips patockai (Povolný, 1979), Lobesia (Lobesiodes) occidentis (Falkovitsh, 1970) and Retinia perangustana (Snellen, 1883). The present study comprises illustrations and characteristic from all species. Brief data about imago, biology, habitat and distribution of all the species are given. With 3 figures.


This chapter shows that, ironically, the appellants were not the only ones who had a prescription for the guarantee of future political stability and a tolerant status quo. Their sternest critic, Robert Parsons, had long speculated about the best way to bring about the same outcome. But, of course, their accounts of the possible future, or futures, were based on very different attitudes to the Protestant establishment. In short, how far should Catholics refuse compliance in the hope that, when the new Stuart monarchy came, as it surely would, they would have a (better) place at the table?


The paper introduces the 40 years of history of Liujiang Paper Mill which first introduced the advanced pulping and paper-making equipment in favor of China's paper machinery manufacture industry in digesting, absorbing, reinnovation and domesticization.


Gene expressions have been extensively studied in biomedical research. With gene expression, network analysis, which takes a system perspective and examines the interconnections among genes, has been established as highly important and meaningful. In the construction of gene expression networks, a commonly adopted technique is high‐dimensional regularized regression. Network construction can be unadjusted (which focuses on gene expressions only) and adjusted (which also incorporates regulators of gene expressions), and the two types of construction have different implications and can be equally important. In this article, we propose a variable selection hierarchy to connect the unadjusted regression‐based network construction with the adjusted construction that incorporates two or more types of regulators. This hierarchy is sensible and amounts to additional information for both constructions, thus having the potential of improving variable selection and estimation. An effective computational algorithm is developed, and extensive simulation demonstrates the superiority of the proposed construction over multiple closely relevant alternatives. The analysis of TCGA data further demonstrates the practical utility of the proposed approach.


To evaluate the influence of gender on the relationship between inflammation and hyperinsulinemia in first‐degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients independently of metabolic syndrome.


Drought, one of the major natural disasters in China, generally causes the largest socioeconomic loss each year and also has severe human health impacts. It is thus crucial to assess the changes in droughts in this region under different climate change scenarios. This study examines the impacts of stabilized 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming at the end of the 21st century on drought events in China by using a set of coupled Earth system model low-warming simulations. If warming is limited to 1.5 °C or 2.0 °C, these simulations suggest that droughts will become more frequent and more intense compared to the present day, particularly over the northern regions of China. In comparison to the 1.5 °C warmer future, the 0.5 °C additional warming in the 2.0 °C warmer future will account for approximately 9% of the increase in the drought occurrence in China and approximately 8% of extreme droughts, while there are relatively small responses for moderate and severe droughts. Consequently, the additional warming would lead to significantly higher drought impacts, and the population exposure to the extreme droughts is projected to increase by approximately 17%, although the exposure to moderate droughts decreases. Therefore, our results suggest that the mitigation of anthropogenic warming by 0.5 °C to achieve the 1.5 °C warmer climate instead of the 2.0 °C climate may have benefits for future drought risks and impacts.


The main purpose of this research is to highlight on the importance of entrepreneurship as a mechanism for knowledge spillovers, thereby contributing to the economic growth and prosperity of Kuwait. Using data for the period 2001 to 2014, we have analyzed the relationship between the number of establishments and economic growth. We have found some interesting relationships: a positive effect of the increase of real GDP per capita on the number of Establishments per one thousand people and on the average real Value-added per establishment. In addition, we haven't found a positive effect of the number of Establishments on Gross Domestic Product This result can be attributed to many reasonable explanations. First, the limited number of observations. Second, the impact of all the other variables on GDP is theoretically to be effective on the long run. Third, there are other variables contributing to the GDP of Kuwait, like oil prices and the size of the oil exports.


Finite element methods offer versatile tools in structural mechanics to analyze various types of structures. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is extended to Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) for the calculation of stress intensity factors, crack growth tc., with sufficient accuracy. The conventional FEM applied to LEFM is comparatively complicated since the crack tip region involves the singularities. Higher order conventional isoparametric elements are used in the analysis while near the crack tip, where the singularity occurs, enriched crack tip elements are used. Achieving significant accuracy with fewer elements is one of the main criterion in structural analysis. The method developed here has the advantage of fewer elements with minimal re-meshing and ease of modeling with less concern to aspect ratio. The p-version analysis helps in increasing the order of polynomial without the need tore-mesh and to reuse the same mesh repetitively to get the change in stress intensity factors and eventually the crack growth parameters. Stress intensity factors are a measure of stresses at the crack tip. SIF's are calculated for various crack problems and results are compared, analyzed and presented.


In structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), neurodegenerative diseases generally present complex brain patterns that can be correlated with di erent clinical onsets of this pathologies. An objective method that aims to determine both global and local changes is not usually available in clinical practice, thus the interpretation of these images is strongly dependent on the radiologist's skills. In this paper, we propose a strategy which interprets the brain structure using a framework that highlights discriminant brain patterns for neurodegenerative diseases. This is accomplished by combining a probabilistic learning technique, which identi es and groups regions with similar visual features, with a visual saliency method that exposes relevant information within each region. The association of such patterns with a speci c disease is herein evaluated in a classi cation task, using a dataset including 80 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 76 healthy subjects (NC). Preliminary results show that the proposed method reaches a maximum classi cation accuracy of 81.39%.


This paper investigates the time-varying relationship between the oil price and disaggregated stock market of India using DCC-MGARCH and Continuous Wavelet Transformation methodologies. Our findings reveal the evolving relationship between the oil price and disaggregated stock market. The correlations are generally volatile before the 2007-08 crisis but since then the correlations are positive implying no diversification benefits for the investors during rising oil prices. Since, emerging markets in general, and India in particular, is expected to increase its share of oil consumption in the world's energy market (due to rapid expansion), therefore for the stock market to grow, especially the oil-intensive industries, we recommend the government should increase its reliance on alternative energy resources such as coal and renewables. Furthermore, as rising oil prices can also have its adverse effect through exchange rate channel, we suggest the monetary policies should be time varying to manage the oil inflationary pressures arising out of extreme volatility in the oil prices.


Abstract Frankfurters were made from laboratory prepared mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) using backs and necks. They were compared with frankfurters made from commercially made puree (mechanically deboned meat) and hand deboned carcass meat. Variables studied were (1) the effect of grind and screen sizes used in the production of the MDPM; (2) the effect of the percent of added skin in the formula; and (3) the effect of selected additives. Parameters used for evaluation included organoleptic scores, emulsion stability and shear press values. The smaller the screen size, the more tender, better flavored and more acceptable were the end products. Hand deboned carcass produced the firmest frankfurter. Flavor and acceptability of frankfurters from both hand deboned carcasses and commercial puree were not significantly different as compared to the product made with MDPM from the smallest screen (0.05 cm.). Increasing the skin added to the formula increased the fat content, increased organoleptic tenderness and viscosity and decreased emulsion stability. The addition of 3% sodium caseinate, 3% acid whey or 0.5% Kena had very little effect on the organoleptic qualities of the frankfurters. Kena markedly decreased emulsion viscosity, whereas, sodium caseinate increased it.


Candida albicans infections are common and can be severe in the immunocompromised. However, there are a limited number of chemotherapeutic agents that can be used to treat these infections, resistance to these agents is rising and these agents may have si


Calcific metamorphosis (CM) is seen commonly in the dental pulp after traumatic tooth injuries and is recognized clinically as early as 3 months after injury.Opiniondiffers among practitioners as to whether to treat these cases upon early detection of CM or to observe them until symptoms or radiographic signs of pulpal necrosis are detected. In this case report, non surgical management of symptomatic completely obliterated maxillary central incisors was described.


This manuscript investigated the occurrence of PAN, typical VOCs, PM2.5, HONO and various trace gases during cold season haze events in the North China Plain, to elucidate the cause of rapid increase of PAN. The article was well written with pre-established methodology. The authors provide some useful information about the formation of wintertime PAN. Overall this manuscript should be accepted after the authors address the issues below.


An historically unprecedented seismic moment was released by crustal events of the 2019–2020 earthquake sequence near southwest Puerto Rico. The sequence involved at least two, and perhaps three interacting fault systems. The largest Mw 6.4 event was likely triggered by left lateral strike-slip events along the eastern extension of the North Boquerón Bay-Punta Montalva fault zone. The mainshock occurred in a normal fault zone that extends into a region where previous studies documented extensional deformation, beyond the Ponce fault and the Bajo Tasmanian fault. Coulomb stress changes by the mainshock may have triggered further normal-faulting aftershocks, left lateral strike-slip events in the region where these two fault zones interacted, and possibly right lateral strike-slip aftershocks along a third structure extending southward, the Guayanilla fault zone. Extension directions of the seismic sequence are consistently north-northwest–south-southeast-oriented, in agreement with the Global Navigation Satellite Systems-inferred motion direction of eastern Hispaniola relative to western Puerto Rico, and with crustal stress estimates for the overriding plate boundary zone.


Green Human Resource Management highlights the development of environment friendly values and attitudes in the two main areas of work and life for an employee. This also at creating an eco-friendly workplace identity that ensures worker to assimilate green ideals in their professional and personal lives. The present paper suggests that Green work-life balance can achieve its full potential by considering workers as producers and consumers in their dual role. Employees learn different types of behaviors not only in the workplace, but in private life as well. Since there are reciprocal interactions between work-life and private life, it is suggested that a "green work-life balance concept" should facilitate environment friendly behavior both at workplace and home front. By increasing, for example, work motivation, job satisfaction, job retention, friendly green HRM policies, the concept offers opportunities not only for the environment, but also for the company and its employees. The purpose of this paper is to provide the general idea for a better work-life balance through conceptual knowledge and possible measures to create a sustainable green environment.


Essential oil of Rosemarinus officinalis was obtained by hydro distillation. The essential oil inhibited all three asexual reproductive stages of A. niger, A. flavus and A. awamori. Antifungal drug myconazole was used for comparison with the essential oil. The efficacy of essential oil varies with the aspergillus sp. and asexual reproductive stage. At spore germination and sporulation A. awamori and mycelium growth A. flavus was found to be most sensitive against essential oil. Spore lysis was detected for all the species. Irreversible spore germination and sporulation inhibition was also observed. The effectiveness of higher concentrations of essential oil was comparable with myconazole. Rosemary oil for its observed antifungal activities can be used as antimycotic additive to food stuff.


Several disinfectant methods according to the features of water supplying in the trains were introduced in this paper. Further more, ozone, ultraviolent ray and resin loaded silver methods will be largely applied in the future. The equipments and characteristics of several disinfectant methods were also discussed.


The completion of root development and closure of the apex occurs up to 3 years after the eruption of the tooth. The treatment of pulpal injury during this period provides a significant challenge for the clinician. The most commonly advocated medicament is calcium hydroxide, although recently considerable interest has been expressed in the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). We report a case with MTA were used successfully for one step apexification in teeth with open apex.


Four patients who had frequent relapses of erysipelas but no obvious portal of entry and no beta-hemolytic streptococci in specimens from conventional culture sites all had group G streptococci in cultures of specimens from the anal canal. It is suggested that anal colonization with group G streptococci, and possibly group A and other beta-hemolytic streptococci, may constitute a reservoir for streptococci in such cases.


e16186 Background: Nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, has improved the outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is approved for HCC patients previously treated with sorafenib. Outcomes have been reported in previous studies, in malignancies other than HCC, to be worse when patients have been exposed to antibiotics while receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. We aimed to evaluate the effects of antibiotics on survival in HCC patients treated with nivolumab. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 59 patients with advanced HCC that have been treated with nivolumab in two academic centers in Saudi Arabia. Patient characteristics, tumor data, antibiotic use (2 weeks prior, during, and 4 weeks after nivolumab therapy), survival data, and other factors were collected. Log-rank test analysis was performed to test the difference in overall survival (OS) time with and without antibiotics use. Results: The majority of patients were males (n=51, 85%), and 38 were Child-Pugh A (64%). A large number of patients had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C tumors (n=42, 71%), and 20 patients (34%) used antibiotics. Most patients received nivolumab as second-line therapy after exposure to sorafenib (n=49, 83%). In patients who received nivolumab as first- or second-line therapy (n=57) and did not receive antibiotics, the median OS was double that of patients who received antibiotics (10 vs. 4.5 months, P=0.04). In child A patients who received nivolumab as second-line therapy (n=32), those who were exposed to antibiotics had a statistically significant shorter median OS compared to those who did not (5.5 vs. 20 months, P=0.04). More patients achieved partial response, or complete response (as per modified RECIST criteria) in the cohort that did not receive antibiotics compared to patients who received antibiotics (21% vs. 15%) but that was not statistically significant (P=0.6). Conclusions: This study shows that HCC patients receiving nivolumab have worse survival if they received antibiotics. Antibiotic mediated alteration of the gut microbiome may impact nivolumab response and shorten patient survival. Although this finding may warrant a prospective larger study but it is consistent with other previous studies. Antibiotics should be used very cautiously when treatment with checkpoint inhibitors is considered.


Fifty subjects produced the noun they thought closest in meaning to each of 279 nouns. A further 50 subjects performed the same task for the synonyms used in a previous rating task for each of the 279 nouns. The preferred synonym, number of subjects giving it and the number giving the previously used synonym are provided. The ratings from the previous task were correlated with the number of subjects giving the previously used synonym. Though the correlations were significant, they accounted for less than 15 per cent of the variance. Possible uses of the norms are briefly discussed.


Samples from deep drill holes show that the mineralized granitic rocks related to Baishan molybdenum deposit, East Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang are moyite, biotite-plagiogranite and granitic porphyry. The collected samples were used to investigate their geochemical features and petrogenesis for these rocks.All of the rocks are characterized by high Al2O3 and Na2O and Sr contents, but low MgO, Y and Yb contents and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, similar to the geochemical characteristics of adakitic rocks. These signatures suggest that the magmas of these rocks were derived from a deep garnet-bearing source. Evidence of rock ages and geochemical tectonic-discrimination-diagrams show these rocks were formed in post-orogenic environment. Based on the geochemical characteristics, we proposed that the magmas of these adakitic rocks (drill hole core samples) may have been formed by partial melting of the thickened lower crust. The mineralization of Baishan molybdenum deposit should be related to adakitic magma activity. The high Mo abundance of the crustal source, the fluid release from the magmas and high oxygen fugacity environment during the magmatic process may be the key factors for the molybdenum mineralization.


Until about six years ago, our research group used non-trivial amounts of project funds and researcher time on maintaining a dedicated server farm in the basement of our department. Rack space and cooling (just as much as funds and time) were in short supply, and we never quite got around to implementing automated load balancing across compute nodes, tuning the Linux kernel and filesystem for optimum performance, or connecting to the uninterruptible power supply. When pointed to the Norwegian National High-Performance Computing Initiative, we were intially doubtful that Natural Language Processing should be among their target user groups. Also, we were a tad hesitant to give up control of our own equipment and of course worried we would miss what we thought were our fancy toys. Today, any member of the group can access thousands of cpus simultaneously, we have about five terabytes of project data on-line, and our research has scaled to dataset sizes and turn-around times that would be just inconceivable on group-local hardware—at no charge to our project funds and no administrator responsibilities. For example, 'deep' semantic parsing of the about 900 million words of the English Wikipedia we can typically complete in less than one day (while expending what would be about eight sequential years of computation). Or, when searching for the best-performing features and hyper-parameters in a machine learning problem, we can explore a large 'grid' of possible configurations in parallel, without much need for a staged, partly manual, 'coarseto-fine' search strategy. Access to the very large-scale Norwegian National eInfrastructure and its high-quality technical support have enabled a comparatively computation-heavy research profile of our group and has thus contributed to its international competitiveness. In this presentation, I will review some of our experiences in establishing a dialogue with the HPC crowd and propose HPC for the Masses as a candidate vision in the on-going development trend towards more and more large-scale computational sciences.


Objective: To observe the curative effect of TCM and WM combined treatment on acute viral myocarditis.Methods: 60 cases of patients with acute viral myocarditis accepted TCM and WM combined treatment. And 30 cases were given Western medicine only.Then the comparative study was been taken between the treatment group and the control group.Results: Among 60 cases of the treatment group cure 21 cases,high efficacy 25 cases,efficacy 10 cases,non-efficacy 4 cases;the total effective rate was 93.33%.And among 30 cases of the control group cure 4 cases,high efficacy 10 cases,efficacy 6 cases,non-efficacy 10 cases;the total effective rate was 66.70%.There was a significant difference between two groups(P0.05).Besides the improvements of serum myocardium-enzyme and electrocardiogram in the treatment group were distinctly better than that of the control group.Conclusion: The method of TCM and WM combined treating acute viral myocarditis was a better therapeutics.


We investigate a novel and important application domain for deep RL: network routing. The question of whether/when traditional network protocol design, which relies on the application of algorithmic insights by human experts, can be replaced by a data-driven approach has received much attention recently. We explore this question in the context of the, arguably, most fundamental networking task: routing. Can ideas and techniques from machine learning be leveraged to automatically generate "good" routing configurations? We observe that the routing domain poses significant challenges for data-driven network protocol design and report on preliminary results regarding the power of data-driven routing. Our results suggest that applying deep reinforcement learning to this context yields high performance and is thus a promising direction for further research. We outline a research agenda for data-driven routing.


Sulfones, prepared from conjugated arylsulfonyl ylids and allylic halides, eliminate corresponding aryl sulfinates with formation of conjugated polyenes. Using this method β-carotene (8) has been synthesized.


This book brings together researchers from various backgrounds dealing with the manifestations of the glassy or liquid state of matter, and with the ubiquitous characteristics of the structure and dynamic properties. The goal of this book is to compare the relative merits of different theoretical, computational and experimental approaches to the subject, and to promote the exchange of ideas between the individual disciplines. Papers reflect state-of-the-art knowledge on processes involved in glass formation, and on the relationships between structure and properties of glass-forming liquids, synthetic polymers and biopolymers. Emphasis is on novel experimental techniques, developments in computational methods, and on recent theoretical models which are improving the understanding of the observed phenomena. Topics include: short-time dynamics; relaxation dynamics of glasses and glass formers; glass-like systems, simulations and models; contrasting metallic, ionic, bio and polymer systems; structure, energetics and polyamorphism; and structure and dynamics of glasses and glass formers.


We derive a matrix representation for formulas of moments of cash value of future payment streams arising from multistate insurance contract, where the evolution of the insured risk and the interest rate are random. As an application, we derive formulas for net single and period premiums. The general theory is illustrated with a case where the evolution of the insured risk is modeled by a Markov chain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Aims: To investigate the need for additional critical care beds, the potential for economy of scale in larger units, including ratios to support the choice of bed numbers. Study Design: Time trend analysis and construction of useful ratios to assist planning. Place and Duration of Study: Operational data for English NHS hospitals (2011 to 2016) obtained from NHS agencies. Analysis of critical care data at King's College Hospital from April 2013 to February 2016. Methodology: Analysis of time trends and/or calculation of averages and ratios of critical care beds per total hospital beds in different categories. Results: In England, demand for critical care beds is growing at around 2.6% per annum. In 2015/16, the ratio of critical care beds to total hospital beds ranges from an average of 1:5 in tertiary/specialist hospitals to a minimum of 1:50 in general hospitals. Ratio of neonatal beds to maternity beds is around 1:5. Critical care units with more than 35 beds (adult, pediatric or Original Research Article Beeknoo and Jones; BJMMR, 17(9): 1-15, 2016; Article no.BJMMR.28736 2 neonatal) operate at around 85% annual average occupancy. Average monthly occupancy across the whole of England correlates with total monthly cancelled urgent operations. Conclusion: Smaller units require far higher levels of flexibility in staffing and will suffer the unavoidable consequences of higher costs and the knock-on effects of periods of 100% occupancy. Smaller units must become part of a larger network in order to compensate for the higher volatility in CCU demand as size reduces.


The steady increase of parallelism in high-performance computing platforms implies that communication will be most important in large-scale applications. In this work, we tackle the problem of tran...


INTRODUCTION For a study of the options for developing a mathematical and physical model of spinal segments, it was necessary to obtain detailed information about the rheological characteristics of the spinal segment components. A testing apparatus called the μTester, which combines the principles of standard tensile testing and microscopy, was developed for this purpose. The test itself is executed in two phases. First, markers are applied to the specimen, and then in the second phase, a standard tensile test, the position of the specimen is detected using a microscope. In this way, information is obtained about the internal properties of the specimen, in the course of loading.


Objective To monitor the malaria epidemic situation of Mengcheng County using the cumulative-sum meth- od.Methods The early warning index was estimated and the malaria epidemic tendency was described in 2005 and 2006 using the WHO-recommended cumulative-sum method.Results From June to October in 2005 and from May to November in 2006,the early warning index(the c-sum values are 20.88-155.60)were exceeded.Compared with the malaria epidemic situation in 2000-2004,the malaria epidemic was in an upward tendency in the Mengcheng County in 2005 and 2006.The malaria epidemic situation was worse in 2006 than in 2005.Conclusion The cumulative-sum meth- od is simple and intuitional for malaria surveillance.


There are two well-defined varieties of the Cappadocian Symbol; one with bosses and one without. It is the first type that is considered here. Apart from the presence or absence of the bosses there is a fairly well-defined difference in the curved members, Figs, 1, 2. Those with the bosses almost invariably curve upwards and inwards as if embracing the limb of the cross, while those without the bosses are so strongly recurved outwards as to double back on to the other limb of the cross, and perhaps were finally thought of as belonging to it. The two types very rarely combine, but on one occasion we have a curious case where there are only four bosses inside the curves and the curves themselves are very strongly bent backwards in the manner of those without the bosses. On yet another occasion we have a case which again only has the four bosses within the curves, but here the latter have come completely apart from the cross and lie almost on the horizontal limbs, see Figs. 6, 7 infra. As will appear later on, these seem to provide a link between the two types, that with the bosses and that without.


Low latency is an important indicator for satellite communication systems on geo earth orbits (GEO). Transmission delay in packet networks includes access delay, propagation delay, and processing delay. The processing delay depends on the performance of the processing methods and system overload management, which is just a small fraction of the total transmission delay at low traffic load. This article dis-cusses the latency of a terminal accessing a network after a connection break. The paper proposes the scheme for maintenance a user terminal synchronization in a satellite communication net-work with bandwidth pre-assignment. The scheme is based on a traffic prediction and not requires a request from the terminal. The place of the proposed scheme in the synchronization maintenance system of the DVB-RCS2 standard is defined. A comparison of the performance of predictive traffic models is given. The latency reduction and the signal-to-noise ratio operating range extension of a user terminal from the use of the proposed scheme for maintaining synchronization is presented. The paper also presents an overview of the application of data analysis methods in the tasks of the time-frequency resource allocation in a GEO satellite communication system.


Tungstated zirconia (WO3/ZrO2) is one of the most well-studied solid acid catalyst systems and continues to attract the attention of both academia and industry. Understanding and controlling the properties of WO3/ZrO2 catalysts has been a topic of considerable interest over almost the past three decades, with a particular focus on discovering the relationship between catalytic activity and the molecular structure of the surface acid site. Amorphous tungsten oxide (WOx) species on ZrO2 surfaces were previously proposed to be very active for different acidic reactions such as alcohol dehydration and alkane isomerization. Recent developments in electron optical characterization and in situ spectroscopy techniques have allowed researchers to isolate the size, structure, and composition of the most active catalytic species, which are shown to be three-dimensional distorted Zr-WOx clusters (0.8–1.0 nm). Complementary theoretical calculations of the Bronsted acidity of these Zr-WOx clusters have confirmed that t...


Multicriterial optimization problem of a small hydro power plant project has been formulated. Site selection is performed within a digital relief model. Ecological impact and economic factors are taken into account. Different HPP types (dam scheme, derivation scheme, mixed scheme) are implemented.


Piles and prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) are two well-established inclusions used by geotechnical practitioners when dealing with soft compressible foundations. Induced movements in highly co...


Because of an increasing number of security cameras, it is crucial to establish a system that protects the privacy of objects in the recorded images. To this end, we propose a framework of image processing and data hiding for security monitoring and privacy protection. First, we state the requirements of the proposed monitoring systems and suggest possible implementation that satisfies those requirements. The underlying concept of our proposed framework is as follows: (1) in the recorded images, the objects whose privacy should be protected are deteriorated by appropriate image processing; (2) the original objects are encrypted and watermarked into the output image, which is encoded using an image compression standard; (3) real-time processing is performed such that no future frame is required to generate on output bitstream. It should be noted that in this framework, anyone can observe the decoded image that includes the deteriorated objects that are unrecognizable or invisible. On the other hand, for crime investigation, this system allows a limited number of users to observe the original objects by using a special viewer that decrypts and decodes the watermarked objects with a decoding password. Moreover, the special viewer allows us to select the objects to be decoded and displayed. We provide an implementation example, experimental results, and performance evaluations to support our proposed framework.


Ni-Mn oxalate precursors were prepared using homogeneous co-precipitation method.The as-prepared oxalate precursors with the optimal conditions were characterized using XRD,SEM,particle size analyzer and TG analysis methods etc.After calcination of the precursors,pellets were formed and sintered into densified ceramics,then the electric properties of prepared ceramics were measued.The results show that the optimal technological conditions of co-precipitation are as following: the mole ratio n(diethyl-aceto oxalate)/n(metal ions)=2,reaction temperature at 80 ℃ and reaction time about 4 h.The precursors prepared with this optimal conditions are well dispersed scarcely without any agglomerate and form the solid solution of(Ni,Mn)C2O4·nH2O isostructured with MnC2O4·2H2O,which present nearly octahedron morphology with uniform size distribution of 2-10 μm.The precursors become completely weightless at about 700 ℃ and form a highly reactive Ni0.6Mn2.4O4 phase with spinel structure.The densified ceramics can be achieved sintered at 1 200 ℃ with a specific resistivity of 2 030 Ω·cm and B value of 3 930 K.


This paper proposes a robust pilot-assisted channel estimation method for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) signals in Rayleigh fading. The method can be used in rectangular pilot-assisted geometry, which is more efficient than the comb pilot-assisted geometry. Comparing with the Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) channel estimation method, the method is simple and need not know the channel correlation and signal-to-noise (SNR). The performance is presented in terms of bit-error rate(BER) for a system using QPSK and 16QAM in fading channel.


To understand baryon stopping we analyze new Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and Fermilab data within the framework of the multichain Monte Carlo DPMJET-III. The present consideration is restricted to hadron-hadron and d-Au collisions, where the present version of the model can be trusted.


In areas rich in large-sized wood in low-rise buildings, are composite wooden structures. Compliance in calculations of such structures is taken into account by factors. Compliance factors are determined experimentally with a large spread of values, which leads to a significant overstatement of the material intensity of the structures. Issues of error of calculation of bearing capacity of composite wooden elements at variation of their layering are considered in the work.


It has been argued by Pisarski and W ilczek that nite tem perature restoration of the chiral sym m etry SU(N f) SU(N f)is rst-orderforN f 3.Thistypeofchiralsym m etry with a largeN f m ay appear in the Higgs sector ifone considers m odels such as walking technicolor theories. W e exam inethe rst-orderrestoration ofthechiralsym m etry from thepointofview oftheelectroweak phase transition. The strength ofthe transition is estim ated in SU(2) U(1) gauged linear sigm a m odelby m eansofthe nitetem peraturee ectivepotentialatone-loop with thering im provem ent. Even ifthe m ass ofthe neutralscalar boson corresponding to the Higgs boson is larger than 114 G eV,the rst-ordertransition can bestrong enough fortheelectroweak baryogenesis,aslong asthe extra m assive scalar bosons (required for the linear realization) are kept heavier than the neutral scalar boson. Explicit sym m etry breaking term s reduce the strength ofthe rst-order transition, butthetransition can rem ain strongly rst-ordereven when them assesofpseudo Nam bu-G oldstone bosonsbecom e aslarge asthe currentlowerbound ofdirectsearch experim ents.


My research focuses on sampling-based motion planning for robotics applications. Sampling-based planning is a common method for solving motion planning problems [4], [5]. However, this family of methods is not without drawbacks: sampling-based planners have trouble discovering narrow passages, and over-sampling of easier problem areas can lead to inefficient executions [2]. To help alleviate these complications, my work investigates incorporating additional information beyond purely successful samples into the planning process. Some examples of this notion exist in literature. For example, Toggle PRM [6] retains both valid and invalid configurations. In this method, information about the obstacle space is leveraged to bias future samples away from known obstacle space. Another example is the use of iterative relaxation of constraints with user guidance [7]; in this method, a user specifies an approximate path through a virtual representation of the environment to seed the planner with an approximately correct solution. The planner then modifies the provided path to form a strictly feasible one. In both of these methods, some type of additional topological information describing either the Cspace or the workspace has been passed to the planner. My current research aims to develop machine learning techniques that identify and exploit such information.


The fracturing water injected into the underground gas reservoirs for development purposes has polluted the reservoirs, triggering a decrease in reservoir permeability and gas production. Here, we quantitatively investigate and provide preventions for the fracturing water pollution in the underground gas reservoir. We study the effects of fracturing water pollution on reservoir permeability with core experiments. According to the core experiments, we constructed an area-divided two-phase porous flow model to study the production of the underground gas reservoir considering fracturing water pollution. The simulation results are in good agreement with the field development data. It reveals that in the early, mid-term and late development, respectively, the fracturing water pollution accounts for 88%, 80% and 45% of the decline in permeability and production of the underground gas reservoir. In terms of the prevention of fracturing water pollution, reservoirs with an initial permeability over 0.20 mD are preferably produced by natural energy rather than fracturing. Once using the fracturing water, we suggest applying the propping agent with a large particle radius to reduce the pollution from the solid solute and adding the clay stabilizer and the surfactant to the fracturing water to reduce the pollution from the water solvent.


Rapid satellite-to-site visibility determination is of great significance to coverage analysis of satellite constellations as well as onboard mission planning of autonomous spacecraft. A Kriging interpolation technique based framework for rapid visibility determination is proposed in this paper. Kriging is an advanced geostatistical procedure that generates an estimated surface from a scattered set of points. The idea is introduced in the paper to determine the rise and set times of visibility, where the estimation errors are controlled by weighted surrounding measurement values. To further increase the computational speed, an interval shrinking strategy preprocessing is adopted via investigating the geometric relationship between the ground viewing cone and the orbit trajectory. The proposed algorithm can be widely applied to all orbital types and orbit propagators. Several experiments are conducted with different Kriging surrogate functions, and the simulation results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the brute force and other interpolation methods.


An enzymatic method has been developed to simultaneously determine glucose, maltose and sucrose in tubers The principle of the method is based on an enzymatic cleavage of these disaccharides and specific measurement the resulting glucose using an enzymatic procedure described by Holm (3). The study comprises two parts; the first one includes modifications of the pretreatment method to minimize errors due to ethanol used to precipitate polymeric material interfering with the activity of α-glucosidase and invertase. In the second part the usability of the method has been probed by employing it on six samples of cassava that come from Chapare-Bolivia.


This paper aims to compare environmental impacts between a proposed local-only seafood system and the current seafood consumption in Japan (mostly from imported and non-local sources) under Osaka Prefecture case study. Furthermore, weighting factors to monetize human health and ecosystem quality impacts are also introduced.


four years of Egyptian field experience and a keenly reflective and caring mind. A state effectively controlling all of Algeria emerged for the first time only in the midnineteenth century. That state, legally an integral part of France until 1962, inflicted enormous and prolonged suffering on Algeria's Muslim population until an eight-year war, producing a million casualties, finally brought independence and, among a predominantly poor and illiterate population, much internal dissension. Twenty-five years after independence, Entelis concludes, Algeria "has achieved a remarkable degree of political stability and economic growth" (p. 1). "Efficiency, accountability, and productivity are the hallmarks of the new Algeria" (p. 66).


This bibliography, though extensive, is certainly not complete. A number of smaller publications (booklets, papers, and many articles) have been omitted-either because they are too specialized (say, on mathematics or writing), because they are of lesser significance, or because they are unfamiliar to the editor. At the same time, this is obviously not a highly selective list. Since a good deal of research is yet to be done on music in open education, it was felt that a relatively comprehensive listing in Part II (the literature on open education in general) would be more useful at this time. To facilitate obtaining materials, a number of entries indicate where the article or an excerpt from the book has been reprinted in another listed source. A few guidelines: Asterisks appear next to those items that are of special interest or importance. If only one book is to be read on open education, make it Charles Silberman's The Open Classroom Reader (item 166), a comprehensive anthology that is sure to whet your appetite for many other volumes. Less comprehensive, but very good, is the paperback anthology by Nyquist and Hawes (128). A basic professional library on this subject would include perhaps these two books plus those by Barth (31), Blackie (42), Featherstone (72), Hertzberg and Stone (94), Plowden (143), Rathbone (147), Rogers (156), and Weber (183). For readings in the philosophy and psychology that underlie the informal classroom, MEJ recommends the writings of Dewey, Isaacs, and Piaget (see listings 1-26). An excellent presentation of the learning principles on which open education is based is given in Barth (31), which expands on the "assumptions" listed in his article in this issue. Weber (183) is the best single source of what takes place in the British infant schools; for additional readings, turn to Blackie (42), Brearley (45), Brown and Precious (49), Cazden (53), Clegg (55), Featherstone (71, 72), Gardner (79), Grugeon (84), Howson (98), Hubbard and Salt (99), Hull (100), the Citation Press Series (101), Marshall (118, 119), Mason (120, 121), Murrow (123), the Plowden Report (143), Rathbone (147), Ridgway and Lawton (153), Rogers (156), and Silberman (166). Barth (31) and Hertzberg and Stone (94) are essential for understanding open education in the United States. For other readings and descriptions of actual American programs, turn to Blitz (43), Bremer (47), Bussis and Chittenden (50), Devaney (63), Gross (81), Hassett and Weisberg (89), Kohn (111), Resnik (151), Sargent (160), Schneir (161), Silberman (165, 166), Thackery (174), Tobier (175), and the excellent statement of principles by the Vermont State Department of Education (177). Little has been written on informal education in the secondary school, but for a starter there is Gross and Osterman (83), and the British book by James (106). The teacher's role in the informal classroom is covered in Barth (31), Cass and Gardner (52), Cook and Mack (60), Hawkins (90), Hertzberg and Stone (94), and Silberman (166). Information on teacher preparation is found in Brearley (45), Haskell (88), Hogan and Willcock (96), Pederson (140), Rathbone (147), Spodek and Walberg (172), and Yeomans (187). The administrator's role is dealt with in Barth (31), Cook and Mack (58), and Raggatt (146). Some information on making the transition from traditional to open classrooms is given in Andreae (27), Hertzberg and Stone (95), the New York


In this paper, we construct anisotropic model representing salient features of strange stars in the framework of massive Brans–Dicke gravity. We formulate the field equations for Tolman–Kuchowicz ansatz by incorporating the MIT bag model. Junction conditions are applied on the boundary of the stellar model to evaluate the unknown constants in terms of mass and radius of the star. The radius of the strange star candidate PSR J1614-2230 is predicted by assuming maximum anisotropy at the surface of the star for different values of the coupling parameter, mass of the scalar field and bag constant. We examine various properties as well as the viability and stability of the anisotropic sphere. We conclude that the astrophysical model agrees with the essential criteria of a physically realistic model for higher values of the coupling parameter as well as mass of the scalar field.


We report the fabrication of good performing SiN/AlN/GaN MIS-HEMT devices with maximum drain current density, IDS, of 1.9A/mm. Compared to the same devices on SiN/AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT structure, these have superior performance. This is achieved by recessing the Ohmic contacts to lower the contact resistance. These devices employ a 10nm PECVD deposited SiN dielectric layer under the gate to reduce the leakage current. This paper will compare the DC performance of AlGaN/GaN and AlN/GaN HEMTs employing SiN passivation and recessed Ohmic contacts. We will also comment on the performance of RF devices on AlGaN/GaN material.


The role of talk in the construction of knowledge and learning has gathered interest in recent years as studies have been published that demonstrate the importance of social interaction in promoting cognitive development and academic learning. While there is a large volume of research that attests to the benefits that students derive when they work cooperatively together, it is only in the last 30 years that studies have been published that demonstrate how students learn by interacting with others and how teachers can utilise this information to create classroom experiences to ensure these benefits are realised. This article discusses the role of dialogic talk during cooperative learning and its capacity to promote students' thinking and learning. The article provides insights into how one teacher used dialogic talk in her classroom to promote student interactions, thinking and learning. It also provides an example of how students in one small group listened to each other, asked questions, sought clarifications, and provided reasons and justifications for their suggestions as they considered the perspectives of others on how to construct an earthquake proof building.


In this paper, a method for designing optimised search strategies based on principles from quality of service resource management is proposed. Given emitters with approximately known parameters, revisit and dwell times are chosen per frequency band. The goal is to maximise the utility achieved by the emitters' probability of identification under the constraint of limited receiver time. A simulated example demonstrates the algorithm's performance, comparing it to different versions of a periodic band sweep. It is shown that the proposed method finds an ideal compromise between resource usage and utility.


Seven species of the genus Allophrys Förster, A. cracentis sp. nov., A. daklaka Khalaim, A. madanga sp. nov., A. miklouhomaclayi sp. nov., A. occipitata Khalaim, A. parvidentata sp. nov. and A. valorosa sp. nov., and one species of Probles Förster, P. (Euporizon) papuaensis sp. nov., have been discovered from Papua New Guinea. This is the first record of these genera, as well as the subfamily Tersilochinae, from this country. An identification key to seven species of Allophrys occurring in Papua New Guinea is provided.


We show that the number of primitive elements of length n in a free group of rank r 3 is bounded from above by c n, where is the greatest real root of the polynomial ( 2 1)( (2r 2))+1 and c is some constant. To obtain this estimate, we use some well known facts from graph theory together with a counting technique based on the theory of linear recurrence relations.


Mesoporous TiO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method and using hydrothermal treatment at 200 ºC during different time intervals, which allowed the evaluation of the time or the treatment on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the oxides. TEM micrographs showed that the morphology of the materials was characterized by the presence of spherical clusters, while the crystalline phases of the anatase and brookite mixtures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. A type IV profile was identified from the results of specific surface area, which is characteristic of the mesoporous material with strong and weak affinity. The band gap in the range of 3.29 and 3.40 eV, estimated by the Kubelka-Munk function, showed a gradual increase as a result of oxide crystallization. It was found that 8 h of treatment in a hydrothermal system was sufficient to synthesize a photocatalyst with optimal photocatalytic performance. This efficiency was probably based on a good correlation between physical and chemical factors, such as high surface area and porosity, the improved capability of photon adsorption in the visible range, crystallinity, and a favorable content of brookite.


Objective To investigate the relationship of the levels of adiponectin and child-pugh,the levels of insulin and liver functions in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods 60cases of cirrhosis were graded according child-pugh method,the levels of adiponectin were measured through ELSA,the levels of fasting insulin were measured through radioimmunoassay and the liver functions were detected at the same time.30healthy cases were used for contrast.Results The level of adiponectin was significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than that in the contrast group(P 0.05),and the levels of adiponectin increased when the child-pugh classification gradually rose(P0.05).The level of adiponectin was positively correlated with the level of insulin(P0.05)but not with ALT or AST.Conclusion The level of serum adiponectin in patients evidently increases with the development of cirrhosis and has important clinical value clinical efficacy and prognosis of chronic hepatitis B.


This article opens with an argument in favour of importance of "information" for democracy. It stresses that without informed citizenry, democracy is meaningless. It expresses that information is bloodstream in upholding democracy principles, and anything less that than tainted the democratic image of any nations claiming itself right so. Further, it proceeds to analyze the administrative impediments and bureaucratic hurdles in its implementation. At the end, this article come up with an argument to use technology in creation, dissemination and distribution of information, without any bureaucratic control. It argue that in present scenario, proactive disclosure will make the nation more transparent, stable and having the faith of populous. It conclude that technology makes the speedy, transparent and non-dependable system where to give true meaning to democracy and republic where people have their right choices due to the information available to them.


A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of BAP, GA3, and NAA on flowering and growth attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) cv. Arka Anamika at the Instructional  farm, Agricultural Research Station, Jodhpur Rajasthan during Kharif, 2020. Three treatments each of BAP@ T1-25, T2-50, andT3-75(ppm), GA3 @T4-25, T5-50, andT6-75 (ppm), and NAA @ T7-25, T8-50, and T9-75 (ppm)were used besides controls i.e. T0 with water spray. These three growth regulators were found to enhance early flowering. Other parameters of growth were also found to be increased by treatments with plant growth regulators in okra. Among the growth parameters, the highest inter-nodal length (6.68 cm), plant height (156.4 cm), and leaf area index (3.1) aswas recorded with GA3 @ 75 ppm treatment, whereas maximum stem diameter (43.88 mm), number of branches per plant (5.10) and number of nodes on the main stem (25.05) were recorded with NAA @ 75 ppm. The minimum number of days to the appearance of first flowering (35.50), 50% flowering (41.80), and node on which the first flower appeared (3.82) were also recorded with NAA @ 75 ppm.


This is the second story from Death to Stock exploring those who bring creativity to the craft of cocktails.

...we're in Minneapolis with Keith Mrotek of Norseman Distillery as


This paper has been written as a response to J. J. Carver's leading paper to reflect the differences of the system governing cultural heritage in Turkey. It will demonstrate features of particular importance in the management of archaeological sites in Turkey. Besides providing a conspectus on the matters related to the management of archaeological heritage at risk, the particulars of on-going rescue operations that are being carried out to protect archaeological sites from the construction of the rail transportation system through Istanbul - better known as the Yenikapi project - will be discussed.


PROBLEM
Hyperkalemia is a serious condition among intra-abdominal transplant recipients, and the safety and efficacy of sodium-zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) for its management during the early post-transplant period are not well-established.

METHODS
Adults who received at least one 10-g dose of SZC within 14 days after an intra-abdominal transplant between January 2020 and July 2022 were included in our study. The primary outcome was the change in potassium (K+) levels following the first SZC dose. Other analyses explored adjunctive potassium-lowering therapies, potential gastrointestinal complications, and patient subgroups based on therapy and transplant type.

RESULTS
Among the recipients (n = 46), 11 were kidney recipients, 26 were liver recipients, seven were simultaneous liver/kidney recipients, and two were simultaneous pancreas/kidney recipients. The mean time to first dose post-transplant was 7.6 (±4) days, and the mean change in serum K+ after the initial SZC dose was -.27 mEq (p = .001). No gastrointestinal complications were observed following the SZC dose. The mean increase in serum bicarbonate was .58 mEq (p = .41) following the first dose of SZC. Four kidney recipients required dialysis following the SZC dose.

CONCLUSION
This study represents the largest investigation on the use of SZC in transplant recipients. A single 10-g dose of SZC reduced serum K+ levels in all subgroups, while the use of adjunctive K+-lowering therapies did not provide additional reduction beyond the effects of SZC. Importantly, no gastrointestinal complications were observed. These findings suggest that SZC may be a safe and promising therapeutic option for hyperkalemia management following solid organ transplantation.


Exponents and logarithms are fundamental components in many important applications such as logistic regression, maximum likelihood, relative entropy, and so on. Since the exponential cone can be viewed as the epigraph of perspective of the natural exponential function or the hypograph of perspective of the natural logarithm function, many mixed-integer convex programs involving exponential or logarithm functions can be recast as mixed-integer exponential conic programs (MIECPs). However, un-like mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs) and mixed-integer second-order conic programs (MISOCPs), MIECPs are still under development. To harvest the past efforts on MILPs and MISOCPs, this paper presents second-order conic (SOC) and polyhedral approximation schemes for the exponential cone with application to MIECPs. To do so, we first extend and generalize existing SOC approximation approaches in the extended space, propose new scaling and shifting methods, prove approximation accuracies, and derive lower bounds of approximations. We then study the polyhedral outer approximation of the exponential cones in the original space using gradient inequalities, show its approximation accuracy, and derive a lower bound of the approximation. When implementing SOC approximations, we suggest learning the approximation pattern by testing smaller cases and then applying it to the large-scale ones; and for the polyhedral approximation, we suggest using the branch and cut method for MIECPs. Our numerical study shows that the proposed methods show speed-ups over solver MOSEK for MIECPs, and the scaling, shifting, and polyhedral outer approximation methods work very well. It is known that polyhedral approximation results and strong valid inequalities developed during the last one or two decades can significantly enhance the capability of existing solvers such as Gurobi and CPLEX for solving mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs) and mixed-integer second-order conic programs (MISOCPs). To harvest these past efforts on MILPs and MISOCPs, we study second-order conic (SOC) approximations and polyhedral approximations of the exponential cone in the hope of solving MIECPs efficiently.


Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of pegylated interferon alfa-1b(PEG IFN α-1b) in different dosage on nude mice with human renal adenocarcinnoma(ACHN).Methods:Nude mice model with ACHN tumor were established,various doses of PEG IFN α-1b were administered,tumor volume and mice body weight were examined weekly for five weeks,and tumor weight were got at the end of the fifth week.Results:At the end of the fifth week,the tumor volume in placebo group was 258.9% while those were 152.0%,95.5% and 67.5% in the others.According to the tumor volume the suppression rate of the tumor of PEG IFN α-1b 50,150 and 300 μg group was 28.91%,37.68% and 49.53% respectively.Conclusion:PEG IFN α-1b 50,150 and 300 μg group induced a decrease in tumor volume and weight,and the effect of PEG IFN α-1b 300 μg group was the best.