We report on synthesis, microstructural and relaxor ferroelectric properties of Zirconium(Zr) doped Barium Titanate (BT) samples with general formula Ba(Ti1-xZrx)O3 (x=0.20, 0.35). These lead-free ceramics were prepared by solid state reaction route. The phase transition behavior and temperature dependent dielectric properties and composition dependent ferroelectric properties were investigated. XRD analysis at room temperature confirms phase purity of the samples. SEM observations revealed retarded grain growth with increasing Zr mole fraction. Dielectric properties of BZT ceramics is influenced significantly by small addition of Zr mole fraction. With increasing Zr mole fraction, dielectric constant decreases while FWHM and frequency dispersion increases. Polarization vs electric field hysteresis measurements reveal ferroelectric relaxor phase at room temperature. The advantages of such substitution maneuvering towards optimizing ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3 are discussed.


Based on the status of open access of library and information sciences(LIS)journals,this paper gives some advice on improving their open access from policy support,model selection,scope broaden,influence increasing,collation,publicity and utilization,cooperation with OA Repository and person's endeavour from LIS.


The past few years have seen substantial progress in recognizing and treating several of the subtypes of bipolar disorder. This Special Report addresses the diagnostic challenges and the different strategies for managing these subtypes.


The stenotic degenerative aortic valve disease is a slowly developing condition. This condition is the result of an active process. Recently, it has been discovered that programmed cell death plays a major role in this progression (1-4). Stenotic degenerative aortic valve disease obstructs the outflow of the left ventricle (LV) and causes a pressure overload, with all its undesirable consequences. Once the disease has become symptomatic, the prognosis without surgical replacement of the valve is dismal: the life expectancy is reduced to 2 or 3 years with occurrence of syncope, angina pectoris and certainly with dyspnea (5). Age, left ventricular dysfunction and neurologic condition played a major role in the denial for AVR (6). Medical treatment and balloon valvotomy (7) do not improve the prognosis. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the only way to prolong life and improve its quality. In spite of technical improvements, the procedure involves a major procedure, with all its complications. Moreover, one condition (the valve disease) is replaced by another (the prosthetic valve). The possible hospital or 30 day complications which can occur after AVR include valve related, cardiac non-valve related and non-cardiac events. Identification of their predictors could lead to an improved referral pattern and, hence to an improved 30 day outcome, provided these predictors are liable to changes.


ABSTRACT After a COVID-19-induced lockdown in the spring of 2020 in Denmark, the reopening of schools involved bringing the teaching outdoors. This offered a unique opportunity to study the experiences of teachers not used to working outdoors. In light of Thomas Guskey's teacher development theory, these experiences are investigated in a qualitative in-depth study of 12 teachers. Despite starting with different attitudes towards teaching outdoors, the teachers agreed that the prevailing content outdoors had to be curricular, that the preparation had been cumbersome, and that they could teach more from their own mindset outdoors. Furthermore, all participating teachers expressed that they wanted to continue teaching outdoors more post-COVID than before. However, it is difficult to discern the significance of the outdoor teaching specifically, as there were numerous aspects of the schoolday that were changed in the reopening. The results seem promising for the provision of teaching outdoors post-COVID.


After the definition of a functional system as a generic attractor and the study of its associated learning process, Nash's notations are used to define pure and then mixed strategies through a functional thinking in which each pure strategy is a subset of functions of a set F. The elementary payoff function is expressed as the theoretical or measurable performances or energies developed by the functions that give concrete existence to pure strategies. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle is applied to the couple of variables (payoff function, structure of the functional system) where the structure is characterized by a quantized temporal magnitude, or variability, that allows finding physically the uncertainty between time and energy. The adaptive value of the observed part of a functional system is defined and explained in the mechanism of leap from one attractor to another. The means of reducing the uncertainty of the activation of a function by another function of a same operating system is tackled th...


The absolute cross-sections, (Q), for the charge-exchange between positive ions of known electron recombination energies (eVi) and the neutral molecules CCl4, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3Cl and HCl have been determined. The cross-sections are independent of the kinetic energy of the primary ions within the range studied. A plot of Q against eVi for each secondary ion constitutes a charge-exchange mass spectrum (CEMS) from which appearance potentials of the secondary ions have been determined: CCl+3(from CCl4), 11.75 ± 0.2 eV; CHCl+2(from CHCl3), 11.5 ± 0.2 eV; CH2Cl+2(from CH2Cl2), 11.3 ± 0.2 eV; CH2Cl+(from CH2Cl2), 11.9 ± 0.2 eV. The CEMS are compared with the corresponding photoelectron spectra.


I would like to welcome you to the third issue of the journal in 2019. This is our first non-special issue of the year so far, following on from the previous highly successful ' Blast ' and ' Psychology ' issues. The board of the journal feel that it is important to have this mixture of


The chemical composition of workplace atmospheres contaminated with diesel exhaust appear to be exceedingly complex. Building to building differences occur even though the fuel source for vehicles operating in such a facility are identical. There appear to be substantial differences between the particle size distributions of workplace atmospheres and that of those sources which contaminate them. Long duration sampling tends to alter the apparent composition of the collected particle phase, and composite samples of shorter duration may enhance compositional accuracy. Diluted idling large vehicle engine exhaust is probably not a compositionally accurate surrogate for workplace atmospheres for inhalation toxicology studies.


This paper introduces a method of by elementary row operations solving transitional matrix, which is from one basis to another linear space of Pn, and then explains that the method is applicable in solving some simple equations of matrix.


For about half a century, the Korean Peninsula has been heatedly discussed both in Northeast Asia and the whole world. The article discusses the relationship between between Northeast China and the Korean Peninsula which has long ho a spotlight issue in the academic circles.


Objective:To investgate the effect of external application with jing huan-san combined with microwave in treating of acute gouty arthritis.Methods: Randomly,75 patients suffering from acute gouty arthritis were divided into two groups including control group(35 cases) received Western Medicine therapy only and experimental group(40 cases) received oral Si miao-wan and wu ling-san(si-wu mixture),jing huang-san mix with vinegar as external application,microwave treatment and so on beside Western Medicine therapy.Results:the effective rate in experimental group(92.5%) was significantly higher than that of the control group(71.4%)(P0.05).the clinical data such as BSR,uric acid,cholesterol and triglyceride,all were significantly lower after the therapy(P0.05).Conclusion:the external application with jing huan-san combined with microwave is effective and safe in acute gouty arthritis.And there is a good synergism between the two therapy.


Zigbee protocol supports long range and reliable communication with reasonable data rates suitable for WPAN communication and hence it is chosen for experimentation in the proposed work. But unfortunately, Different devices of a WPAN may use different types of protocols, the zigbee protocol may not be adequate to control all the devices of WPAN. There are different protocols for realising WPAN. It is chosen to modify ZigBee stack in order to incorporate the features of common communication protocol so as to enable the consumer electronics share resources and communicate among themselves leading to a virtual control network. As the internet is most commonly used communication network in the user community, the protocols of internet are studied to find the suitability in channel access and routing strategies in order to implement these protocols in the customised ZigBee stack. After a thorough research ZigBee stack is modified with appropriate protocols at respective layers with the addition of a new layer i.e. adaptation layer between network and application layers. The design of this middleware is presented and the results are published [21]. This work presents the mathematical modelling of the average end-to-end delay of modified ZigBee stack, christened ZI stack. Both the stacks viz., ZI and ZigBee are also compared w.r.t average end-to-end delay.


Today, cities are looking farther beyond their limits for clean water. Some cities are already investing in other water sources such as recycled water, rainwater harvest or private sector vendors. This footprint analysis involve 534 cities, who draw water from 20 percent of the world's land surface.
 For more information, access the Urban Water Blueprint report here: http://www.iwa-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Urban-Water-Blueprint-Report.pdf
 You can also visit the Urban Water Blueprint website here: http://water.nature.org/waterblueprint/#/intro=true

 Drinking water
 Human settlements
 Supply


Online Ride-Hailing(ORH) service enables riders to enjoy on-demand transportation service with mobile devices. Despite the convenience of the service, privacy leakage could be caused because riders need to submit their locations during ride matching. To protect users' privacy, much effort has been done to construct a privacy-enhanced ORH system in recent years. However, almost all of current privacy-preserving schemes match the nearest driver to the requesting rider, it is not the optimal matching strategy and unnecessary waste of travel distance may be caused in this way. To solve the problem, we propose a privacy-preserving ORH scheme named pRide, which minimizes the overall travel distance by matching the best driver in global perspective instead of the nearest driver in the local region. To find the best driver, we utilize a deep learning model to predict emergence of ride requests in various regions, and enables the ORH server to perform ride matching leveraging prediction results. Based on the framework, we also propose optimizations to enhance pRide. Moreover, to further defend inference attacks from riders, we propose a private comparing algorithm at the cost of a little communication overhead. Through theoretical analysis and experiments, we prove that pRide is able to decrease the overall travel distance securely and efficiently in ORH matching scenarios.


This paper presents an adaptive force trajectory control of a flexible beam using a piezoceramic actuator. Based on the adaptive backstepping method, a force control system using only force measurement is designed. For the derivation of the control law, it is assumed that parameters of the beam and contact surface stiffness are unknown. It is shown that in the closed-loop system, the contact force tracks a given reference trajectory and the beam vibration is suppressed as well. Digital simulations results show that the closed-loop system has good transient behavior and robust performance in the presence of uncertainties in the parameters of the flexible beam and the contact surface.


[are] unintended," i.e., "either mistimed or unwanted at the time of conception." Thus, (far!) more than half the times women of childbearing age and health have intercourse, they do so just for pleasure and related emotional, psychological, relational, and physical benefits, not with the intention of becoming pregnant. Since we might suspect that abortion is more often considered and done in contexts of unintended pregnancies, we would need a violinist case more analogous to it, something like the following:


This research aims at solving a Real-Life optimization problem. In fact, the Electricity Company in Bahrain receives many daily requests to perform maintenance or survey tasks at different locations. A team of technicians and workers has to execute these tasks in a given order and return back to their initial location. This problem can be modeled as a symmetric Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). This research provides the description of Electricity Company's Travelling Salesman proposed scenario including objectives and constraints. A method based on genetic algorithms was proposed and successfully tested using number of Bahrain's locations to solve the mentioned problem. A new crossover technique called "Complete Min sub-tour Exchange Crossover" was introduced. Two objectives were included one minimizing the total travelled distance and the second minimizing the total delay in completing all the tasks. We used the Pareto Optimal technique to compare the solutions generated by the genetic algorithm.


Background: Since December 2019, most countries have struggled with the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). During the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, weight gain became prevalent because the preventive measures against the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in decreased physical activity and increased consumption of unhealthy food among the general public.Current Concepts: Several mechanisms have been proposed for the association between obesity and COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection aggravates inflammation and hypoxia in obese people, which can lead to severe COVID-19 disease. COVID-19 affects the immune system, resulting in various complications. Several cytokines, including interleukin-6, are integral to the progression of COVID-19. Thus, COVID-19-associated inflammation and immune dysfunction predispose patients to the complications of obesity, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.Discussion and Conclusion: Obese patients are commonly prescribed antidiabetic agents, blood pressure lowering medications, and lipid-lowering medications such as statins. The routine intake of these drugs is a protective factor against all-cause mortality. During the COVID-19 pandemic, preventive measures, such as minimizing team sports and closing public exercise facilities, might have contributed to the weight gain in obese individuals. Thus, an active lifestyle with regular home exercise and a healthy diet should be advised for obese patients.


(Review by Rinehart):Let An be the algebra obtained from a field K by adjoining variables x_1, · · · , x_n, y_1, · · · , y_nsubject to the relations x_iy_j −y_jx_i =\delta ij . If K has characteristic 0, the reviewer showed [Proc.Amer. Math. Soc. 13 (1962), 341–346; MR0137747 (25 #1196)] that A_1 has global dimension 1.For larger n there followed an inequality, but the problem of a precise determination has remainedopen until now. The author shows that A_n has global dimension n in characteristic 0. His result isindependent of (and includes) the reviewer's. His proof for general n is considerably simpler thanthat of the reviewer for n = 1, although this fact may be obscured by his deduction of the resultfrom general considerations involving Gabriel's localizations. The only localizations that arise inthis case involve passage from A_n to A_n \otimes_{K[x_n]} K(x_n) (with the evident ring structure), and asimilar one for y_n. These rings are easily seen to have dimension at most n (using an inductivehypothesis), and the author shows that it follows readily that the weak dimension of A_n is at mostn. This suffices, since An is Noetherian.Reviewed by G. S. Rinehart


Each day we breathe in millions of sub-microscopic particles, most of them under 100 nm in diameter. Where do these nanoparticles come from? How do they affect our health and the world around us? Epidemiological studies have suggested a link between exposure to ambient nanoparticles and respiratory/cardiovascular problems in the human population.1,2 Nanoparticles may also influence global climate by increasing the number of cloud condensation nuclei.3 Exposure to manufactured nanoparticles in the workplace and its implications for worker safety are largely unknown.4 Addressing issues like these requires an understanding of size and chemical composition, preferably on a particle-by-particle basis, as these parameters indicate the source of individual particles in air and their subsequent physical, chemical, or biological impact. Robust methods for single particle analysis in the micrometer and sub-micrometer size ranges have been widely used for over a decade. Several recent reviews discuss these methods and their application to atmospheric chemistry.5–8 Unfortunately, these methods become difficult to implement in the nanometer size range because the particle mass is so small (see Table I). The purpose of this article is to briefly describe some approaches used in our laboratory to push the limit of on-line single particle analysis to lower sizes. On-line analysis complements the information that can be obtained by other techniques such as off-line analysis by electron microscopy9 or the analysis of bulk nanoparticulate matter.10 The process of analyzing single particles by mass spectrometry is analogous to a conventional tandem mass spectrometry experiment (see Fig. 1). In conventional mass spectrometry, molecular ions produced at atmospheric pressure are drawn into the mass spectrometer through an inlet. The m/z of interest is selected with a first analyzer, subjected to collision-induced dissociation, and the products are mass analyzed with a second analyzer. The product ion spectrum gives information on the composition and structure of the molecular ion m/z that was selected. In single particle mass spectrometry, particles in air are drawn through an inlet into the mass spectrometer. Individual particles are sized, ablated with a laser to produce atomic and/ or molecular ions, and the ions are mass analyzed to give information on the composition of the sized particle. While the steps associated with single particle mass spectrometry are analogous to those in tandem mass spectrometry, the technology used is quite different and changes with particle size.


Abstract : Elucidation of the structure of various transition metal complexes of pyridine-N-oxide through the use of far-infrared spectroscopy was investigated. New applications and techniques in the field of laser Raman spectroscopy are reported along with various applications of high resolution mass spectroscopy to determine the molecular formula of unknown fluorinated compounds. The application of computer techniques to the analysis of high resolution mass spectral data is discussed in some detail. Purification of 1,1'-diiodoferrocene by gas chromatography is described; and other supporting activities and services, including electron microscopy, polymer viscosities and high resolution NMR, are reported. (Author)


Objective
To investigate the association of oral squamous cell carcinoma with demographic variables and oral health indicators. .

METHODS
The observational case-control study was conducted at the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Peshawar, Pakistan, from November, 2015, to August, 2016.Pathologically confirmed patients with oral cancer represented the cases, while The controls were ethnically and linguistically-matched subjects without any oral pathology. Demographical, clinical and pathological data was taken down to assess variables, risk factors, and oral health indicators. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression modelling were employed for data analysis.

RESULTS
Of the 551 subjects, 341(62%) were males, and 210(38%) were females. Of the total, 276(50.1%) were cases and 275(49.9%) were controls. The mean age of the cases was 55.0}13.4 years and that of the controls was 52.8}14.9 years (p=0.073). Poor oral hygiene, periodontal diseases, material of toothbrush, and no use of mouthwash were significant predictors of oral cancer (p<0.05 each). Smoking and using smokeless tobacco were also significant variables.

CONCLUSIONS
Oral health indicators in combination with smoking conferred an increased risk of oral cancer.


The international and domestic efforts directed toward establishing effective regulations of multinational enterprises (MNEs) activity in the human rights and environmental realms are currently entering an intriguing phase. The trend toward setting forth legally binding obligations applicable across their complex, transnational structures is gaining momentum, and the upcoming EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) may significantly contribute to this process. The research aim of this study is to examine how the draft CSDDD is woven into the present regulatory landscape, and what impact it may potentially have. Due to multicentricity of the legal sources' systems in the member states, the EU law underway will also affect their constitutional orders. To tackle the research task, it is crucial to delineate the broader context of the challenges surrounding the enforcement of social and environmental accountability throughout global value chains, which arise at the intersection of the existing governance mechanisms' quality, and the legal as well as organisational MNEs' logics. These interconnected issues are addressed in the first section of the paper. The second section covers CSDDD as reflecting and potentially accelerating regulatory trends.


Except for the spectroscopic survey telescope LAMOST, there are only two 2m class general purpose telescopes for precision observation in China (2.16m in Xinglong and 2.4m in Lijiang). Chinese astronomical community unanimously agrees that a 10m class large diameter general purpose optical/infrared telescope is urgently needed in China for a wide range of scientific research. The configuration for LOT with primary aperture 12m has been selected by Chinese government for the Thirteen-five-years plan in July, 2016. The concept design introduced here has been approved by Chinese astronomical community and Chinese Academy of Sciences in Dec. 2017, and submitted into the formal funding procedure of Chinese government. For quite a long time, China will very likely have only one 10m class telescope, therefore LOT should be a general-purpose telescope including multi-foci. The Nasmyth focus, prime focus, Cassegrain focus and coudé focus have been considered or reserved. Also, LOT will closely combine with the development of new technologies, such as AO, GLAO, fiber and instrument related new technologies, to make it has powerful capability for the frontier sciences. The four-mirror Nasmyth system, optimized according to the GLAO requirements, has a f-ratio about 14 and field of view 14 arecmin with excellent image quality. Some off-axis four-mirror Nasmyth optical systems are also presented in this paper. The primary focus system has a f-ratio 2 and 1.5degree field of view with 80% light energy encircled in 0.5 arecsec, which will let LOT complementary with the coming 30m-class telescopes. A double–layer Nasmyth platforms are proposed to accommodate more instruments, such as the wide field imaging spectrograph, broad band medium resolution spectrograph, high resolution spectrograph and multi-object fiber spectrographs and so on. Not all optical systems will be constructed in the same time, which will be in stages depending on the science and funding situation.


Fixed-point observation test of circuit patterns using a review SEM can be stably performed while false report is prevented even when variations in the circuit patterns to be observed are large. SEM images sequentially acquired by capturing images of predetermined circuit patterns using a review SEM are stored in a storage means. Images that fit set conditions are selected from the stored SEM images, and are averaged so that an average image (GP image) is created. Pattern test is performed by GP comparison using the GP image. With this, test can be performed while false report is prevented even when variations in the circuit patterns are large.


Unit Unit of Kokkola-Pietarsaari Date March 2014 Authors Jharna Elizabeth Neupane, Regina Kiragu and Sudha Kandel Degree programme Degree Programme in Nursing Name of thesis KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND CHALLENGES OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDAS: A literature review Instructor Pia Hagqvist Pages 56 + Appendices (7) Supervisor Anita Hollanti The purpose of this study was to investigate types of primigravidas ́ knowledge regarding exclusive breastfeeding; to explore their attitudes towards and identify the possible challenges they experienced during exclusive breastfeeding period. The goal of the study was to provide knowledge for nurses and professional teams to comprehend the reasons behind early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding by new mothers, hence revising a new most competent course to boost exclusivity of breastfeeding amongst primigravidas. The research methodology was literature review with content analysis. Data has been obtained from CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Science Direct, Sage, Ovid, Books and Finnish breastfeeding articles. CINAHL and Science Direct are regularly used articles with publication period from 2005 until present day conducted in English language and within the main keywords. Inadequate knowledge and breastfeeding technique skills, demographic status (age, economic, marital, geographic, and culture) leads to early cessation of exclusive breast. A primigravida ́s breastfeeding attitude depend upon the level of confidence, intention and previously breastfed oneself. Pain, soreness, discomfort, latching difficulty, infections and nipple bleeding are the unexpected nature of physical implications primigravidas experienced. The results of the study can be used to improve information and care provided to the mother through the midwives. The recommendations include solutions in improving exclusive breastfeeding results amongst primigravidas.


The radiation environmental impact of mineral exploitation on the surrounding environment has become a public concern.This paper presents the radiation environmental impact assessment of copper exploitation.Based on the project description and detailed investigations of surrounding environment,systematic radiation environmental impacts have been identified.The environmental impacts are assessed during both construction and operation phase.The environmental protection measures have also been proposed.The related conclusion and measures can play an active role in copper exploitation and environmental protection.


Psychological factors are the cause of 4%20% of permanent transfers from continuous peritoneal dialysis (PD) in both single center and registry reports (14). When the emotional response to catheter infections or peritonitis is also included among these psychological factors leading to technique failure, this number jumps to 33% (5). Despite the recognized importance of psychological factors in the success and failure of PD as a renal replacement therapy (3, there is little information about this issue; no systematic study of the factors' components or their bearing on PD-related infections has been reported. The definition of psychological factors as a cause of PD technique failure is also not uniformly applied. Studies including psychological factors as a cause for transfer off PD often fail to enumerate or define those factors. However, some issues related to the impact of psychological factors on technique success of continuous PD can be addressed. Psychological reasons for patient dropout from PD have been reported as patient choice, patient request, inability to cope, reduced mental ability, or noncompliance (14, 6-8). Obviously, it is important to exclude uremia due to inadequate dialysis when a patient is considering transfer to hemodialysis for "personal or psychological reasons". Interestingly, most patients who transfer from PD for psychological reasons do so early in the course of treatment (3, 6). Despite the potential for burnout from the daily routine of PD, long-term patients rarely transfer to hemodialysis for psychological reasons. Psychological profiles of long-term patients might point to what aspects of such patients' personalities enable them to continue dialysis. Such studies might also elucidate the psychological factors involved in early transfer from PD. The influence and importance of noncompliance on the success of PD has recently gained attention (9, 10). Since psychological and noncompliancerelated dropout from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been reported in up to 25% of patients (3), addressing these issues may allow patients who are risk to be identified and mechanisms and/or strategies for intervention that could reduce such early dropout to be developed.


Ove twenty years ago, Federica (1979) wrote that understanding social welfare must include its operations in identifying and meeting the needs of different groups. This is a continuous challenge to those who teach and are learning the complexities of social welfare policies, programs and services. The strategy explicated in this article has shown promise for helping undergraduate students comprehend the relationship of diversity attributes to the allocation of resources and opportunities in the United States.


As anticipated by Molecular Mechanics calculations, the (E) and (Z) isomers of diaryl ketone oximes containing a bulky substituent (PhS or Ph2N) in the ortho position of the phenyl ring, display different conformational preferences. Whereas the (E) isomers exhibit a plane of symmetry at any accessible temperature, the (Z) isomers exist as a pair of stereolabile enantiomers that were detected by low-temperature NMR spectroscopy in a chiral environment. In a number of O-substituted oximes, the enantiomerisation barriers of the (Z) isomers were determined by monitoring the line shape of the NMR signals of diastereotopic methylene hydrogen atoms as a function of temperature. The four stereoisomers, generated by the combination of the conformational axial chirality with the configurationally stable chirality of a stereogenic centre, have been all detected in a specifically substituted oxime and monitored in an appropriate chiral environment. The NMR results in solution were confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements in the solid state.


This is a descriptive research work on the knowledge and attitude towards the use of contraception among the women of child bearing age in international market Umuna Orlu. The purpose of this study is to find out the level of their knowledge, their attitude and acceptance of contraceptive and to correct the misconceptions some women have about contraceptive. Data collected through questionnaire and analyzed using frequency tables and bar chart. Findings and observations were made by the researcher and nursing implementations and suggestions were made to carry out a similar study in order area of Imo State and to correct the misconception some women have about contraceptive in order to control the hazardous and economic effects of overpopulation births in Nigeria. Ibebuike et al. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research www.ejpmr.com 614 Area of Study International market Umuna Orlu is situated at Umuna community in Orlu Imo state. Target Population The researcher used a target population of about 200 women to get the sample size of 133 women in a part of the market for the study which involves both married and single mothers, breastfeeding and non-breasting mothers, pregnant and non-pregnant women. Sample Size Determination The appropriate sample size for a target population of 200 was determined using Taro Yamane formula (Chinweuba et al., 2014). The sample size calculation of Taro Yamane: n = N 1+N(d) 2 Where n = Sample size d = The level of precision (assumed to be 0.05 at 95% confidence level). N = Number of people in the population (200) Substitute numbers into formula n= 200 = 200 1+0.5 1-5 = 133.3


In the present study, we used tumour necrosis factor‐α receptor 1 knock‐out mice (TNF‐αR1KO) to evaluate an in vivo role of TNF‐αR1 on the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We used a murine model of carrageenan‐induced acute inflammation (pleurisy), a preclinical model of airway inflammation. The data proved that TNF‐αR1KO were resistant to carrageenan‐induced acute inflammation compared with TNF‐α wild‐type mice. TNF‐αR1KO showed a significant reduction in accumulation of pleural exudate and in the number of inflammatory cells, in lung infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lipid peroxidation and showed a decreased production of nitrite/nitrate in pleural exudates. Furthermore, the intensity and degree of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 and P‐selectin, Fas ligand (FasL), inducible nitric oxide sythase and nitrotyrosine determined by immunohistochemical analysis were reduced markedly in lung tissues from TNF‐αR1KO at 4 h and 24 h after carrageenan injection. Moreover, TNF‐α and interleukin‐1β concentrations were reduced in inflamed areas and in pleural exudates from TNF‐αR1KO. To support the results generated using pleural inflammation, carrageenan‐induced paw oedema models were also performed. In order to elucidate whether the observed anti‐inflammatory effects were related to the inhibition of TNF‐α, we also investigated the effect of etanercept, a TNF‐α soluble receptor construct, on carrageenan‐induced pleurisy. The treatment with etanercept (5 mg/kg subcutaneously 2 h before the carrageenan injection) reduces markedly both laboratory and histological signs of carrageenan‐induced pleurisy. Our results showed that administration of etanercept resulted in the same outcome as that of deletion of the TNF‐αR1 receptor, adding a new insight to TNF‐α as an excellent target by therapeutic applications.


This article offers a critical discourse analysis of the use of the playing-the-gender-card metaphor in US campaign coverage, with a focus on its use in Senator Hillary Clinton's campaign for president in 2007. I argue that the media use the gender-card metaphor to stand in for a variety of complex arguments about women in politics. The essay serves as a case study to validate how political metaphors can be used to obscure socially unacceptable and empirically unsupportable arguments. It also reveals that it is taboo for women candidates to talk about sex discrimination on the campaign trail and that the culture operates to silence its legacy of proscribing women from the political field. Finally, the essay encourages future women candidates to plan rhetorical responses to the gender-card metaphor by understanding the latent arguments and connotations buried in it.


FIELD: heat exchange. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method for heat exchange using a mother solution a para-xylene (PX) crystallisation method. Method involves feeding a stream of incoming material and a stream of mother solution into a PX crystallisation apparatus, comprising a first heat exchanger to perform heat exchange through wall between stream of mother solution and a stream of incoming material and a crystallizer for crystallisation of PX from stream of supplied material, wherein stream of mother solution is cooled to temperature -50 °C providing a second heat exchanger for cooling stream of supplied material to reach PX crystallisation apparatus for cooling stream of supplied material with a second low-temperature energy source of cooling agent and providing a third heat exchanger to perform heat exchange through wall between stream of mother solution and a stream of incoming material before stream of supplied material enters second heat exchanger. EFFECT: invention provides improved process of low-temperature crystallisation and optimum use of cooling using heat exchange with a mother solution to reduce costs on cooling during crystallisation. 7 cl, 2 dwg


Device 1 vertical pipe holding two cylindrical, having a central cavity 8 whose bottom is constituted by a groove 15 adapted to receive the lower sealed end 6 of the tube 2, and the opening 5 is shaped stuffy.


Floor vibration serviceability is a primary design consideration for steel framed composite floors. The accuracy of any floor vibration evaluation procedure depends on a reasonably accurate prediction of modal properties. To consider multiple modes, a procedure must also accurately predict the spacing of modal frequencies. The goal of this paper is to investigate the ability of current finite element modeling techniques to accurately predict these modal properties. A composite floor slab was vibration tested to determine its natural frequencies, mode shapes, and accelerance frequency response functions. Analytical predictions were made using a commercially available finite element modeling program. The measured and predicted properties are compared to assess the accuracy of the modeling techniques.


In order to study the thermo-mechanical coupling mechanism of a bolted rock,experimental study of deformation destruction for different type loaded bolted rocks was carried out.The infrared temperature field was obtained by using infrared thermal imaging technology;meanwhile,the numerical analysis of stress field was also carried out for the bolted rock.It is found that for a single centre bolted rock,before stress peak the infrared radiation temperature presents overall and uniformly warming with the loading increase;while after stress peak,the single centre bolted rock presents local dissimilation in thermal image.Multi-layer circular infrared radiation isothermal lines are formed around the bolt.Temperature gradually reduces from inside to outside.The infrared radiation temperature at the side with bolt is higher than that at the side without bolt.Trumpet shape infrared isothermal lines are formed around the bolt.The high infrared radiation isothermal lines correspond to the high stress zone;the low infrared radiation isothermal lines are in accord with the low stress zone.The infrared temperature field has spatial distribution corresponding with its stress field.


In this study we examine the representation of income groups in two EU-level institutions, the Council and the European Parliament. We find that the political positions of these institutions, and especially of the Council, are always on the right compared to European citizens, though closer to the wealthy among them. However, a more systematic analysis of congruence between different income groups and the Council reveals that while the poor are systematically underrepresented, the rich are not systematically over-represented. This holds both when we examine the poor and the rich across the EU as a whole and when we cluster them according to their respective member states.


Network on chip (NoC) has been proposed as a solution for the problem of global interconnection in complex system on chip (SoC) design. To further enhance performance, the design parameters of the NoC should be chosen based on the application. In this paper, we use network simulator OPNET for modeling and simulating NoC at high level chip design. We investigate various configurations of NoC architectures by varying the network topologies (2D Mesh, Fat-Tree and Butterfly Fat-Tree) and switching techniques (wormhole and virtual-cut-through) and simulate each of these under different injection rates. Detailed comparative analysis of the simulation results in terms of latency and throughput are presented. Results show that FT topology with WH switching technique for NoC architecture design can achieve optimal performance.


In this paper, we analyzed the soil organic carbon content in the original Pinus koraiensis mixed forest which contained different proportion of Pinus koraiensis, broadleaved tree species and other coniferous tree species. Correlation analysis was conducted for studying the relationship between soil organic carbon and soil properties, and the relationship between vegetation factors. And the soil carbon density distribution characteristics were studied as well. It showed that the soil organic carbon content of three original Korean pine mixed forest were decreased with the increase of soil depth; soil organic carbon content of 0-10 cm soil depth was: Pinus koraiensis broad-leaved mixed forest broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis mixed forest coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest, surface soil organic carbon mainly comes from the decomposition of litter layer, surface soil organic carbon characteristics shows that the original Pinus koraiensis mixed forest composition of different tree species have potential to affect the ecosystem carbon cycle. Refer to the soil properties, C:N and organic carbon content have extremely significant positive correlation with soil organic carbon content, and the bulk density, pH value have significant negative correlation relationship with soil organic carbon content; Refer to vegetation coverage factors, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C:N all have no relationship with soil organic carbon content; soil carbon density of Pinus koraiensis broad-leaved mixed forest of 0-100 cm soil depth was the largest(181.4 t·hm-2), coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest was thesecond(180.56 t·hm-2), broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis mixed forest was the smallest(150.78 t·hm-2), and it accounted by nearly 70%of soil carbon stored in the depth of 0-40cm soil. In order to reveal the influence factors of soil organic carbon in original Pinus koraiensis mixed forest and to provide a scientific basis for exploring the original Pinus koraiensis mixed forest soil carbon distribution pattern.


Objective To investigate the interaction of imatinib mesylate (IM) with the clinically relevant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporter MDR1 (ABCB1) in cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), to explore whether inhibition of this transporter would improve IM's efficacy in the elimination of CML CD34+ cells by increasing cell associated drug accumulation. Methods Cells from newly diagnosed chronic phase CML patients were harvested by leukapheresis and enriched to >95% CD34+. Expression of the transporter gene MDR1 was performed by qRT-PCR. Interaction of IM with MDR1 was analysed by substrate (rhodamine 123) displacement assay. Cell associated levels of IM in CML CD34+ cells were measured by HPLC. Intracellular phospho-CrkL (p-CrkL) levels, apoptosis in total CML CD34+ cells and high resolution tracking of cell division were assayed by flow cytometry. Results Measurements of cell associated IM uptake showed significantly lower drug levels in CD34+ cells, particularly the CD38sub-population, as compared to IM sensitive K562 cells. MDR1 was expressed at low level and dye efflux studies demonstrated very little MDR1 activity in CML CD34+ cells. Furthermore, combination treatment of primitive CML cells, with IM and the MDR1 inhibitor PSC833, did not result in elevated cell associated IM levels. Although we observed slightly enhanced cytostasis with IM when combined with PSC833, this was independent of BCR-ABL inhibition as no associated decrease in p-CrkL was observed. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of MDR1 neither enhances the effect of IM against BCR-ABL activity, nor significantly potentiates IM's efficiency in eliminating primitive CML cells.


Abstract:This article describes my work as the dramaturg for a production called Passport, directed by the Israeli director Yael Cramsky, which premiered in Tel Aviv in 2013. The performance consisted of a collage of two dialogical texts: selections from Brecht's Conversations of Refugees, written in Helsinki in 1940-1941 and the correspondence between Walter Benjamin and Gershom Scholem focusing on the period after Hitler's takeover of power in Germany, when Benjamin was forced to leave Berlin while Scholem was establishing his scholarly career in Jerusalem; as well as an adaptation of the story of a survivor from the Second World War, who escaped the Nazis fleeing east from Poland. The three texts were interwoven in the performance, illuminating and illustrating the experience of becoming and being a refugee from different perspectives, presenting three aspects of homelessness. My discussion gradually leads up to a very preliminary discussion of Benjamin's theory of the theatre (which is a subject that needs to be explored in depth) and how it influenced the dramaturgical process in working on Passport.


Background: Ovarian cancer is one of three major malignancies involving the female reproductive system, and its morbidity and mortality are ranked number 3 and number 1 among gynecological tumors, respectively. DNA methylation (MET), as one of the main epigenetic modes, is closely related to the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. To guide individualized treatment and improve the prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, it is of great significance to elucidate effective MET subtype markers.Methods: A total of 571 ovarian cancer MET samples were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and a COX proportional hazards model was established using the MET spectrum and clinically pathological parameters. Subsequently, the consensus clustering of CpG loci with a significant difference in both univariate and multivariate analyses was performed to screen the molecular subtypes, and these CpG loci were subjected to gene function annotation. Finally, CpG MET loci associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients were further screened by constructing a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).Results: A total of 250 prognosis-related MET loci were obtained by COX regression and 6 molecular subtypes were screened by clustering. There was a remarkable MET difference between most subtypes, of which Cluster 2 had the highest MET level and demonstrated the best prognosis in patients, while Cluster 4 and Cluster 5 had a MET level significantly lower than that of the other subtypes and demonstrated a very poor prognosis. All Cluster 5 samples were at a high grade, while the percentage of Stage IV samples in Cluster 4 was evidently greater than that in the other subtypes. Using the co-expression network, 5 CpG loci were eventually obtained: cg27625732, cg00431050, cg22197830, cg03152385, and cg22809047. The clustering analysis shows that the prognosis in patients with hypomethylation was significantly worse than that in patients with hypermethylation. Conclusions: These MET molecular subtypes can be used not only to evaluate the prognosis in ovarian cancer patients but also to fully distinguish the tumor stage and histological grade in these patients. Prognosis-related CpG loci can be applied as biomarkers for individualized treatment in ovarian cancer patients.


Objectives: In the last 2 years with the new type of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic, it has become inevitable to adapt to this disease in cardiovascular surgery procedures. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the results of respiratory tract samples taken from different places in patients undergoing cardiac surgery on our postoperative patient follow-up procedures and to share our cardiac surgery experiences during the pandemic period. Methods: A total of 177 patients who underwent cardiac surgery were included in this study. Endobronchial lavage samples were obtained from the intubated patients through the endotracheal tube in the early postoperative period. According to the Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) results obtained in the early postoperative period, the patients were divided into 2 groups as Group 1 for those with negative PCR and Group 2 for those with positive PCR. After that a total of 59 patients who were found to have COVID-19 were divided into 2 groups as survivors and non-survivors. Results: There were 118 (66.6%) patients in Group 1 and 59 (33.3%) in Group 2. The mean ages of patients in Group 1 and Group 2 were 64.5 ± 9.8 years and 61.9 ± 10.1 years, respectively (p = 0.174). Mortality was significantly higher in Group 2 (n = 24, 40.6%) compared Group 1 (n = 2, 1.6%) (p < 0.001). After that a total of 59 patients who were found to have COVID-19 were divided into 2 groups as survivors (n = 35, 59.3%) and non-survivors (n = 24, 40.7%). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of gender, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseas rates and surgery types (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected our cardiovascular surgery practice. In addition to being negative for PCR at least 2 times in routine preoperative preparations, obtaining endobronchial lavage samples for PCR testing from the endotracheal tube in the early postoperative period plays an important role in patient management.


The human heat-moisture-comfort level is mainly determined by heat and moisture transfer characteristics in clothing. With respect to the model of steady-state heat and moisture transfer through parallel pore textiles, we propose an inverse problem of thickness design for bilayer textile material under low temperature in this paper. Adopting the idea of regularization method, we formulate the inverse problem solving into a function minimization problem. Combining the finite difference method for ordinary differential equations with direct search method of one-dimensional minimization problems, we derive three kinds of iteration algorithms of regularized solution for the inverse problem of thickness design. Numerical simulation is achieved to verify the efficiency of proposed methods.


Operators of cooling towers and air conditioning are soon to face new regulations in keeping their installations free of Legionella bacteria. The author looks at some options


Abstract. Cavity exploration is an important task for optical remote sensing that finds application in many fields, such as the assessment of disaster areas or the evaluation of subsurface cavities in terrestrial and extraterrestrial scenarios. In our work, we use single photon-counting avalanche diode cameras to record temporal signatures in the picosecond time domain and to exploit the impulse response of cavities. When illuminated with a short optical pulse, the photons are reflected several times inside the cavity before exiting it and being detected. In our datasets, we observe several intensity modulations correlated to specific optical paths with different numbers of reflections inside the cavity. We developed an analysis model based on simulation of the radiant transfer that provides a quick rough estimate of the cavity dimensions without costly measurements or computational reconstruction. Specifically, we developed a spherical model and a hemispherical model that can be used to estimate the cavity dimensions (diameter or height). Finally, we present experimental studies of eight different cavities with different dimensions, shapes, and surface materials. Our evaluations show that we can apply our analytical models to signatures of different cavities, which gives us an initial estimate of the cavity sizes before a detailed mapping is carried out.


The paper examines the viability of Goal 20 of the National Education Plan 2014-2024 [PNE], from the agreements and challenges placed on its materialization in the present conjuncture to reach, at the end of the plan, 10% of the Gross National Product [PIB] invested in education. The educational legislation was studied. It was highlighted the competences and responsibilities assumed among federating entities concerning the enforcement of the right to education by means of its financing, as most of the Goals and their strategies depend of the effort and financial conduction from the Union, the states, the federal district and the municipalities.


1179 Description of Eschar-Associated Rickettsial Diseases Using Passive Surveillance Data — United States, 2010–2016 1183 Characteristics of Patients Experiencing Rehospitalization or Death After Hospital Discharge in a Nationwide Outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use–Associated Lung Injury — United States, 2019 1189 Update: Interim Guidance for Health Care Professionals Evaluating and Caring for Patients with Suspected E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use– Associated Lung Injury and for Reducing the Risk for Rehospitalization and Death Following Hospital Discharge — United States, December 2019 1196 QuickStats


The purpose of our paper is to explore the different views of the issues of international labor standards and to explore the available options for addressing these issues. We conclude that: (1) there is no convincing case on theoretical or empirical grounds for incorporating labor standards into the WTO and into U.S. trade agreements; (2) the surest way to improve labor standards is for the United States and other industrialized countries to maintain open markets and to encourage the economic growth of their developing country trading partners; and (3) steps should be taken to support the activities of the International Labour Organization (ILO) to provide inducements and technical assistance to help developing countries raise their labor standards.


SUMMARY Humans are causing profound and rapid transformations of Earth's ecosystems to the extent that we are threatening the sustainability of the biosphere. The development of long-term socio-ecological research, integrating monitoring and experiments at the ecosystem scale, will be essential to detect, prevent, and mitigate the degradation of ecosystems at regional and global scales. To strengthen and expand the nascent Long-Term Socio-ecological Research (LTSER) Network of Chile, we need to integrate efforts of academic, private, and government institutions. A strong long-term research and monitoring program will require a conceptual framework and a set of relevant, comparative, and trans-disciplinary questions. Here, we identify these relevant questions and propose a conceptual framework for the Chilean LTSER Network. Further, we provide guidelines for its organization and consider the needs for infrastructure and funding to sustain the operation of a national network of ecological observatories.


Depending on surface charge Z * , particle radius a, particle number density n, and salt concentration c, aqueous suspensions of charge-stabilized colloidal spheres show a plentiful morphology correlated with both phase behavior and pair interaction. We here use a combination of light scattering and Bragg microscopy to study the solidification process and the resulting crystals for several monodisperse latex samples. We compare the results to predictions of the melting transition in terms of a reduced pair interaction energy and a coupling parameter. Both quantities were systematically computed in dependence on Z * , a, n, and c. For increasing particle number density the crystalline phase is found less stable than predicted. More importantly, transitions from tooth-like to sheet-like morphology and from dominance of heterogeneous wall nucleation to dominance of homogeneous bulk nucleation run parallel to the experimental phase boundary.


This paper disc;usses socioeconomic mortality differentials in Pakistan on the basis of data collected in 1979 from a nationally representative sample of over lO,OOO households in a survey carried out for the Population, Labour Force and Migration (PLM) project of Pakistan Institute of Development Economics/International Labour Organization. In addition to the questionnaire on fertility, three questionnaires - Income and Expenditure, Labour Force, and Migration - were administered to each household. This data-set not only affords a comparison with PFS 1975 but also permits a study of the relation between income, land holding, tenurial status, and the mortality experience of households. The mortality data obtained from the PLM survey are discussed briefly in the first section of the paper; Mortality differentials by characteristics of the child, mother, household and village are discussed in the second section. Wherever possible, the findings of the PLM 1979 survey are compared with those of PFS 1975.


By analyzing the special winding layout and coupling mode of auto-compensator and harmonic shade converting transformer,the basic principle of protection scheme for new-type converting transformer based on the transformer model is expounded.Its action equation is deduced from its basic mathematics model and the criteria setting of protection scheme is given.The difference between two sides of action equation and the given threshold value are used to reliably identify the internal fault of transformers.The scheme gets rid of the influence of excitation inrush current and avoids the difficulty to get internal parameters of transformers.The simulative calculation of various transformer operating states,the correctness of the proposed scheme and its criteria are verified.


In this thesis, tuning reactivity and mechanisms of oxidation with manganese(IV)-oxo complexes with pentadentate ligands has been focused. The factors that tune the redox reactivity of the oxo intermediates were thoroughly investigated especially with regard to the effects of Lewis acids (i.e., redox-inactive metal ions and proton) to the nonheme manganese(IV)-oxo moiety. In chapter 1, basic electron-transfer properties of a nonheme manganese(IV)-oxo complex have been investigated for the first time. In chapter 2, the mechanism of hydride transfer from NADH analogs to an nonheme manganese(IV)-oxo complex is compared with that of hydride transfer to an iron(IV)-oxo complex. In chapter 3, a mononuclear nonheme manganese(IV)-oxo complex binding redox-inactive scandium ion, [(L)Mn IV (O)] 2+ − (Sc 3+ ) 2 , has been synthesized and characterized with various spectroscopic methods. The reactivities of the nonheme manganese(IV)-oxo complex in the absence and presence of scandium ions were studied in oxygen atom transfer (OAT) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions. In chapter 4, the fundamental electron-transfer properties of [(L)Mn IV (O)] 2+ − (Sc 3+ ) 2 have been investigated to provide mechanistic insight into sulfoxidation by [(L)Mn IV (O)] 2+ − (Sc 3+ ) 2 . In chapter 5, diprotonated nonheme manganese(IV)-oxo complexes, 2 ,


Under the help of the natural residue, the global absolute and relative error bound estimation for the polynomial complementarity problem (PCP) over a convex closed polyhedron with suitable condition are presented.


. After the Prophet died, the succession of leadership was a difficult and tense political issue that was able to undermine the joints of the ummah that the Prophet had built firmly. This situation continues from generation to generation. Likewise with the political theory of the Abbasid era. The collapse and fall of the Umawiyah Daulah in 750 AD and the rise of the Abbasid Daulah were not only a change of dynasties but more than that, namely a change in social and ideological structures. The purpose of this study is to reveal the Islamic political theory of the Abbasid era in relation to the concept of education. The method of writing in this article is to use the library research method, which is carried out by studying the literature and writings that are closely related to the problems raised in this article's research. The Abbasid Daula was the longest dynasty that was able to maintain its power and bring Islam to its golden age. And this is inseparable from the role of a leader who is wise and fair to those he dreams of. And the basis of Abbasid power is religion and legal issues that do not differentiate all groups. For the Abbasids, science is very important for the progress of a country, especially concerning religious sciences and also other sciences such as linguistics and history, because scholars and scholars are born from a science. The collapse of the Abbasids resulted in Islamic education also experiencing a setback, among which setbacks were marked by the development of Sufi teachings, then a narrowing of the Islamic education curriculum which had an impact on intellectual development. On the other hand, intellectuals did not develop due to the paradigm among the Muslims at that time that the door to ijtihad had been closed.


The spatially resolved energy distribution of electrons emitted from a polycrystalline copper surface has been studied by multiphoton photoemission. Electron emission was induced by femtosecond laser excitation and detected by an emission electron microscope combined with a time-of-flight detector to allow spatially resolved energy analysis. The energy distributions obtained from small spots with strongly enhanced electron emission yield (so-called hot spots) turned out to be different from those measured for homogeneous surface regions. The latter directly reflect two photon photoemission spectra from Cu as was previously observed in spatially averaging experiments. The hot spots, however, are characterized by a slightly lower work function and a strongly enhanced intensity if excited by s-polarized light. The peak positions of these spectra do not depend on the photon energy as is characteristic for a true secondary process. This indicates a different electron emission mechanism in the hot spots compare...


We survey scheduling algorithms proposed for tolerating permanent and transient failures in real-time embedded systems. These algorithms attempt to provide low-cost solutions to fault tolerance, graceful performance degradation, and load shedding in such systems by exploiting tradeoffs between space and/or time redundancy, timing accuracy, and quality of service. We place fault-tolerant scheduling algorithms in three broad categories: dynamic scheduling, off-line or static scheduling, and scheduling of imprecise computations. Under dynamic scheduling, we survey faulttolerance extensions to the widely used rate-monotonic and earliestdeadline-first scheduling policies. We then discuss methods that provide fault tolerance in statically scheduled systems using precomputed alternate schedules or run-time rescheduling. We also discuss imprecise scheduling, which achieves a tradeoff between solution quality and timeliness. We conclude with a brief discussion of scheduling and fault-tolerance issues related to safety-critical embedded systems.


Since there does not appear to be a case of chronic porphyria complicated by pregnancy reported in the literature, it was felt advisable to report a case which has recently been under our care. A preliminary report of this case was made by Taylor, Solomon, Weiland and Figge.1 REPORT OF CASE History.— A white, married woman, aged 20, a native of Baltimore, was hospitalized several months prior to her pregnancy. At that time the diagnosis of chronic porphyria was definitely established. A full report on the history, physical examination, hospital course and progress of this patient appears in the previously cited article. She was advised against becoming pregnant because of the unknown influence that pregnancy might have on the prognosis of the porphyria and because some types of porphyria appear to be inheritable. However, she apparently disregarded the advice, and in June 1945 she presented herself, at which time


About 1% of theworld population suffer from stuttering, a continued involuntary repetition ofsound; especially initial constants. Another name for this is speech dis-fluency or Disturbed Speech. This includes word repetition, syllable repetition, prolongation, and interjection. The existing algorithm focuses wholly on either extraction or classification. This paper uses "Artificial Neural Network" or ANN and implements automatic analysis of disfluent speech by extracting "Mel frequency cepstral coefficient" or MFCC, Delta MFCC, Delta Delta MFCC and prosodic features like pitch, energy, duration and the like. This paper aims at improving the fluency of the stuttered speech.


Based on the research of the project of the HALE(High Altitude Long Endurance) UAVs,an optimal model of multi-objective optimization for parameters of HALE UAV is built in this paper,and a method of multi-objective genetic algorithms is used for doing optimal design,and a optimized result is given by computer program that is built in this paper at last.Multi-objective optimization,which is used for parameters of HALE UAV,can make estimating the best compounding of parameters of HALE UAV more rational,and both avoiding vices in design and improving efficiency.The conclusion explains that the performance of HALE UAV is better than before after the optimal design and this method is fit for optimal design of HALE UAV and optimal design of multi-objective Genetic algorithm has some reference value for the research of the project of the HALE UAV.


This paper introduces the construction project information management mode based on building information modeling (BIM) Technology. Firstly, it analyzes the problems existing in the current construction project management. On this basis, it analyzes the characteristics of construction project information, expounds the necessity of popularizing BIM management in construction engineering, and expounds the application of BIM technology in construction life cycle. BIM can fully improve the construction efficiency through database management and project management.


Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been widely used in software development. Verifying whether a UML model meets the reared properties has become a challenge. Model checking is an important technology of automatic verification to ensure the correctness of designed models. Because of space explosion and complicated semantics, model checking Statecharts are restricted by the software scale and the refinement degree of design. In this paper, UML Statecharts are structurally expressed by Extended Hierarchical Automaton (EHA). A set of dependence relations is specified after analyzing the characteristics such as hierarchy, concurrency and synchronization in EHA. The algorithm of slicing EHA based on the slicing criterion which is composed by states and transitions is presented. The sliced EHA and the original Statecharts are equivalent to the property.The algorithm removes the hierarchies and concurrent states which are irrelevant with the property, and reduce the state space efficiently.


Method of performing a functional test of at least one integrated a wind turbine (WT) subelement, controlling said wind turbine by a control algorithm of a controller wind turbine (WTC), said method comprising the steps of - performing a pattern predefined events (PEP) activating at least one child of the wind turbine, - obtaining measurement data (MD) based on measurements of at least one subelement (SE) according to said predefined pattern events, - relating said measurement data with data predefined reference (NRD) and establish a test result indicating the status of said sub-element based thereon, wherein said pattern of predefined events (PEP) is executed by a test algorithm which overrides the control algorithm of controller wind turbine at least in part.


Separating agent based on water containing a film-forming component with a melting point of> = 700 and a non-ionogenic emulsifier component, wherein the nonionic emulsifier component can evaporate without residue and is selected from the group containing polyalkylsiloxane , alquilarilsiloxano and mixtures thereof, and wherein the portion of the component forming layers (wt%) relative to nonionic emulsifier component (wt%) is> = 0.02: 1 and <= 0.075: 1 .


Miley Cyrus inhales audibly before launching into the final chorus of "Wrecking Ball". Cellist David Soyer grunts as he tears through the Beethoven's Grosse Fuge. Saxophonist Colin Stetson's loud circle breathing on "Hunted" pushes the limits of the physically possible. These recordings all contain traces of the musicking bodies that they purport to represent. This article will treat the breath not as excess, but rather as part of the core musical content of recordings. The breath and the grunt are sounds are often considered excess – not properly musical – yet they are crucial to the affects of these tracks. They validate the recorded performance by pointing to the lingering aura of the musicians who produced them, even while they reveal the ways in which the recording studio can reconfigure, extend, and naturalize these mediatized musicking bodies. On recordings breath becomes a tool through which musicians and recordists can construct the embodied authenticity of the recording. This article argues that the sound of breath is essential to the perception of embodied authenticity on recordings – evidenced by the development of genre-specific conventions for treating breath and constructing the body on recordings.


The water quantity dispatching system in Middle Route Project of South to North Water Diversion adopts unified scheduling and hierarchical management mode,in which,all real-time dispatch information and survey data are stored in the database server of the control center,and the operators in local stations execute the dispatching order from the control center and take charge of maintenance work. For delivering the dispatching order smoothly and correctly,this paper propose a design solution of water quantity dispatching information querying system based on Web GIS technique. The presented system uses B / S structure mode to implement real-time dispatch information querying and related statistical analysis functions,including model parameters,scheduling orders,monitoring data,actual water supply,water loss rate,etc. This query system is useful for ensuring the water quantity dispatching system operation safely,scientifically and efficiently.


This paper examined the different and conflicting rights and discusse theoretical conflicts are the result of diverse perspectives in outlook regarding religion, ideology, culture, gender, race, and so on, this paper analytically conside of attempting a reconciliatory approach is based on conflic however, were properly delineated role the respect and protection of human right should play in a human society. The methodology employed is critical analysis.


Carcass utilisation by vultures may be constrained by the surrounding vegetation, as high vegetation densities may leave insufficient space for the vultures to take-off. We tested this by placing carcasses at 14 sites differing in density and height of the surrounding vegetation. African White-backed Vultures Gyps africanus were reluctant to land at carcasses from which the angle required to clear the surrounding vegetation on take-off was greater than 6°, and Cape Vultures Gyps coprotheres were not observed on carcasses from which the required angle of take-off was greater than 4°. Increasing vegetation densities due to bush encroachment may therefore affect the two species to different extents.


The Balaban index (also called J index) of a connected graph G is denoted as J(G )= |E(G)| μ +1 � uv∈E(G) 1


India has now emerged as the second largest mobile phone market in the world. However there is a wide variation in mobile phone penetration between men and women across the different states of India, bringing in questions of socio-economic disparities and the role of technology diffusion in bringing the convergence of growth process. A set of factors like education, income, social norms, gender continue to constraint mobile phone ownership. These factors are inadvertently widening the digital divide and the benefits of increased mobile penetration are failing to reach to an important segment of the society, leaving them further behind. In this study an attempt has been made to point out the gender differences in mobile phone penetration in India and tried to find out the crucial barriers that are responsible for the present scenario.


Within the past two decades, prominent foreign policy organizations and foreign policy experts have perceived serious deficiencies in the authorities, organizations, and personnel used to conduct interagency missions that prevent the United States from exercising its power to full advantage. For the 112th Congress, proposals to address these problems may be of interest for their perceived potential not only to enhance performance, but also to save money by streamlining processes, encouraging interagency cooperation, and reducing duplication. These proposals also provide context for current and recent legislation, including the Interagency Personnel Rotation Act of 2011 (S. 1268 and H.R. 2314) and the Contingency Operations Oversight and Interagency Enhancement Act of 2011 (H.R. 3660), as well as the new Global
Security Contingency Fund contained in the FY2012 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA, Section 1207, H.R. 1540, P.L. 112-81, signed into law December 31, 2011). The FY2012 NDAA requires the President to submit to Congress a "whole-of-government" implementation plan.


We refer to the section entitled "Your Guide to the Funds" which forms part of the Russell Australian Bond ETFs PDS, and more specifically to paragraph six of the subsection entitled "Index" on page 8 of the PDS, which discusses the way in which the DBIQ 0-3 Year Investment Grade Australian Corporate Bond Index identifies the initial universe of fixed income securities of which it is comprised. We note that where we refer to a "fully guaranteed entity", we mean:  an entity that issues fixed income securities which is a wholly owned subsidiary of a parent that is listed or has issued a class of its securities on the ASX or any other Australian exchange which is a member of the World Federation of Exchanges (Parent); and  where the Parent has provided a guarantee in favour of the entity issuing the fixed income securities; and


The invention relates to a high-speed-broadband narrow-line-width frequency-sweeping full-fiber laser which comprises a semiconductor laser, a semiconductor laser drive current source, an optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber separator, an optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer, gain optical fibers, a pumping semiconductor laser and an output end connector. The semiconductor laser drive current source is connected with the semiconductor laser which is connected to the optical fiber coupler, the optical fiber coupler is connected to the output end connector through the optical fiber separator, the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer, the gain optical fibers and the optical fiber coupler in sequence, and the pumping semiconductor laser is connected to the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer. The high-speed-broadband narrow-line-width frequency-sweeping full-fiber laser has the advantages that the frequency-sweeping bandwidth is large, the frequency-sweeping speed is high, the line width is small, and power is stable.


The Japanese Law on Organ Transplantation (Law No. 104, 1997; hereafter JLOT) was revised in July 2009 for the first time after its original enactment. One of the main changes concerns the transplantation of organs procured from dead (or brain-dead) children. The new law permits medical providers to procure organs from a deceased minor under 15 years old, provided that the family of the deceased gives consent. This paper discusses some of the moral issues raised by this new regulation. Prior to the revision, organ procurement from dead people for transplantation purposes was confined to cases where the organ donors were at the age of 15 or older. This was because the original law employed the opt-in system as a measure to confirm the will of potential organ donors. To be more specific, the law stated that organs may be procured only from those who had left a documented wish, while still alive, to donate their organs. 1 Now, however, according to the Japanese civil law system, people may leave a legally valid will only after they reach the age of 15. In accordance with this regulation, the Guideline for the Application of "Law on Organ Transplantation" (published by the Ministry of Welfare three months after the promulgation of the original JLOT) specified that a person's will for organ donation is considered valid only when the person is at the age of 15 or older. 2 Children below the age limit were hence, practically barred from donating their organs. However, the opt-in system was abandoned in the recent revision. The new law (as amended by Law No. 86, 2009) now states that organs may be procured


The invention provides a pixel structure, a touch control display panel and a liquid crystal display. The pixel structure is arranged in a rectangular pixel area of a substrate, and the rectangular pixel area is provided with a long axis direction Y and a short axis direction X. The pixel structure comprises an upper transparent electrode and a lower transparent electrode, wherein the upper transparent electrode is located in the rectangular pixel area and is provided with a first slit gamma 1 and a second slit gamma 2. A first included angle theta 1 is formed by the first slit gamma 1 and the long axis direction Y clockwise and is no smaller than 0 degree and smaller than 45 degrees, a second included angle theta 2 is formed by the second slit gamma 2 and the long axis direction Y anticlockwise and is no smaller than 0 degree and smaller than 45 degrees, and the first angle and the second angle are symmetric with respect to the short axis direction X. The lower transparent electrode is located between the upper transparent electrode and the substrate and is a complete transparent electrode. Due to design of connection patterns, lengths of at least part of slits in the fringing field switching type pixel structure are shortened.


Objective To study the relationship between lymphatic vessel density(LVD) and cervical lymph node metastasis and other clinicopathological features in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).MethodsImmunohistochemical staining for lymphatic markers D2-40 and LYVE-1 was used,and LVD was detected in fifty-six archival specimens of OSCC.The association between LVD and cervical lymph node metastasis and other clinicopathological features(gender,age,primary location,T stage,grade of pathology and fashion of tumor invasion) was statistically analyzed.Results Intratumoral LVD was higher in lymph node metastasis group than that in non-metastasis group(P0.05).Intratumoral LVD was positively associated with grade of pathology(P0.017).LVD was not associated with gender,age,primary location,T stage and fashion of tumor invasion.Conclusion Intratumoral lymphatics played a role in the invasion and matastasis of OSCC.


The aim of this paper is to introduce an alternative measure that incorporates the concept of a global Malmquist productivity index with a directional distance function. Unlike a conventional geometric mean form of the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index, this global index is circular and free from linear programming (LP) infeasibility. It can also be decomposed into certain sources of productivity growth such as efficiency change and technical change. The suggested methodology is employed in the analysis of 28 OECD countries over the period of 1990-2004. The empirical result shows that the northern European countries are found to have a higher productivity growth rate when compared with the rest of the OECD countries. Furthermore, we found that the main source of the productivity growth is technical change.


Black cherry, also commonly called cherry, grows in significant commercial quantities only in the northern Allegheny Mountains. Cherry wood is reddish and takes a lustrous finsish; it is a prized furniture wood and brings high prices in veneer log form. It is straight-grained moderately hard, and stable; it can be machined easily. Black cherry is widely used in the printing industries to mount engravings, electrotypes, and zinc etchings. It is also used for wall paneling, flooring, patterns, professional and scienific instruments, handles and other specialty items.


MSRTC face various problems of different types such as accident, fares, timings etc. by these reason it goes in predicament. MSRTC is suffering for declining growth of the corporation .It providing the passenger good services and safety environment all around the Maharashtra. MSRTC has to compensate the passenger for accident like died person, permanent disability, permanent partially disability and temporary disability. Due to some other important reasons MSRTC facing problems such as poor capacity utilization, poor accountability, political interference, private transport vehicles, fare policy, women conductors are facing a number of problems. Increased rate of diesel & less travel fare, different types of passes, concession, the politicians involved in various issues goes in strikes etc .During that period problems like through the stones on buses, and damage the buses. Drivers & conductors, passengers also get injured. These are some problems of MSRTC in predicament. This research paper is focused on various problems of MSRTC and their financial parameters like profit/loss, total Cost and Total revenue from last four years i.e. 2012-2013 to 2015-16.


ABSTRACT Land science has generated critical knowledge about how humans modify Earth's surface and has advanced our understanding of land as a coupled human–environment system. However, to date, most work has been in frontier environments with less attention – both conceptually and empirically – on how urban land systems affect the carbon cycle. Much of what is known about urban areas and the carbon cycle is limited to aggregate levels of activities within urban areas, usually by sector, with little focus on how the spatial configuration of urban land systems affects carbon-emitting activities. Given that urban areas produce about 70% of global energy-related CO2 emissions, it is crucial to understand the relationship between urban environments, the activities they influence, and the resulting carbon emissions. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of how urban land systems affect carbon emissions and vulnerability, and identifies research gaps and opportunities for urban land science to contribute to climate change science, particularly through land architecture. We argue that more attention to urban land science conceptualization, measurement, and analysis would contribute to both fundamental knowledge about urban systems, as well as help identify policies and strategies for mitigation and adaptation to climate change at the urban scale.


According to basic research on brain trauma caused by micro-level injury, brain deformation triggers nerve injury. In traumatic brain injury, brain deformation and nerve injury are both important factors for severe brain injury. The purpose of this study is to develop a human head dummy for nerve injury assessment, more specifically, an alternate brain developed for a human head dummy. According to basic research into nerve injury related to traumatic brain injury, mechanical strain to brain neurons causes increase in intercellular Ca 2+ as a transmitter substance. Therefore, this alternate brain can rapidly increase the internal Ca 2+ amount by mechanical strain. To realize this increase, the alternate brain has interior microcapsules. If the surface of a microcapsule is broken by mechanical strain on the alternate brain, the microcapsule releases Ca 2+ into the alternate brain. According to tolerance research on nerve injury in swine cadavers, nerve injury occurs at a compression strain of 30%. Therefore, the microcapsules, which contain carrageenan, must rupture at a compression strain of 30% applied on the alternate brain. To evaluate various bruise situations, frontal, occipital, and side drop tests applied impact load on the evaluation dummy. In the frontal and occipital drop tests, the increase in Ca 2+ occurs in the frontal region of the alternate brain. On the other hand, in the side impact test, the increase in Ca occurs in the impact and non-impact regions. These results mimic real brain injury. Hence, this evaluation is a reproducible model for local brain nerve injury.


This text aims to describe the evolution of the semantics of the French "complex" demonstratives ce N-ci 'this' and ce N-la 'that' from their first occurrences onwards. We will look in particular into the semantics of the elements –ci and –la, hypothesizing that the semantics of the simple demonstrative (ce), which has been extensively described in the literature, has remained unchanged in the complex forms. After an analysis of the uses of ce N-ci and ce N-la in a corpus of Middle French texts, we will
verify whether these complex forms have taken over the distribution of the semantics of the Old French paradigms cist and cil.


The article presents a concept of a three-volume edition on the history of Tatar journalism from the early 20th century to the present. The authors reveal the objective, tasks, main sources, practical and theoretical importance of the research. Special emphasis is made on the main stages of formation and development of Tatar and Tatarstan press, thus proving relevance and necessity of examination of this issue for integral perception of the history of Tatar journalism as well as for determination of the place of the Tatar nation among other leading nations of the world.


Strategic Information Systems (SIS) are computerised information systems that align the use of Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT) strategically with corporate strategies in organisations. This paper reviews the linkage of Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) to corporate the strategy formulation and performance measures, incorporating empirical findings acquired from an exploratory study of IS/IT practitioners in Hong Kong. The findings constitute the essential ingredients of the design and building of a generic SISP model and a series of implementation guidelines. Besides, useful data, information, rules and experiences acquired were incorporated into building a knowledge base for a prototype expert system, Expert Strategic Planner (ESP). The prototype system was developed to demonstrate how user organisations could redefine their businesses and leverage performance in the context of SISP. The 'Human/ESP' comparison on strategy choices of a selected firm was presented along with a discussion on the applicability of the SISP model and the possible directions for further research.


Expedited partner therapy (EPT), in which a patient with an identified sexually transmitted infection is given a prescription or medication for his or


In order to apply advanced remote sensing image process software ENVI,the SPOT5 satellite remote sensing images of district were interpreted on compute.We got multiple spectrum and high-resolution color picture by geometric correction,color composite,data fusion and multi-band differential analysis,and strengthened linear image information by strengthening the information of the spectrum,using principal component transform and inverse transform and convolution operation.By interpreting,analyzing and validating the linear remote sensing pictures,we finally confirm 13 fracture structural belts with a given scale.


In Wistar rats after 4 weeks of training in swimming the maximal duration of swimming, glycogen content in liver and red muscle, and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in red muscle increased significantly. In the first group (rats swam 90 minutes 5 days/week during the first and second weeks of training and 105 and 120 minutes 5 days/ week during the third and fourth weeks of training), the changes were more pronounced than in a second group that performed the same amount of swimming on only the first two days of each week (on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th days the duration of swimming was decreased by 60 minutes). In both groups an increase in wet weight of soleus muscle, the heart, and adrenal glands was induced by training. Actual hypertrophy from measurement of an increased dry fat‐free weight was confirmed only in the adrenal glands. In the first group of animals, data obtained from rats sacrificed 72 hours after the completion every week of training indicated that the rate of protein synthesis remaine...


was performed with 2-5 p1 of DNA solution, 10 pmol of each primer: S-GATGCGCACAAGGTCCTGTC-3' and S-GCCAGCAGAGAGGTTTGCCT-3' (Jeunemaitre et al. 1992), 2 mM MgCl,, 20 mM (NH,),SO,, 75 mM Tris-HC1, pH 9.0, 0.01% Tween, 50 yM of each dNTP and 0.5 U Taq polymerase in a final volume of 25 yl. These pnmers were chosen to anneal just outside those used for the second round of PCR. After denaturation at 94°C for 3 min. DNA was amplified for 30 cycles of 94'C 1 min, 62°C 45 s, 72°C 30 s, followed by a final extension at 72'C for 5 min. Second-round PCR required 2 p1 of first-round product and 10 pmol of each primer: 5'-CAGGGT-


An alternative to classical fault-tolerant approaches for large-scale clusters is failure avoidance, by which the occurrence of a fault is predicted and a preventive measure is taken. We develop analytical performance models for two types of preventive measures: preventive checkpointing and preventive migration. We instantiate these models for platform scenarios representative of current and future technology trends. We find that preventive migration is the better approach in the short term by orders of magnitude. However, in the longer term, both approaches have comparable merit with a marginal advantage for preventive checkpointing. We also develop an analytical model of the performance for fault tolerance based on periodic checkpointing and compare this approach to both failure avoidance techniques. We find that this comparison is sensitive to the nature of the stochastic distribution of the time between failures, and that failure avoidance is likely inferior to fault tolerance in the long term. Regardless, our result show that each approach is likely to achieve poor utilization for large-scale platforms (e.g., 220 nodes) unless the mean time between failures is large. We show how bounding parallel job size improves utilization, but conclude that achieving good utilization in future large-scale platforms will require a combination of techniques.


We report two cases of osteomyelitis secondary to staphylococcal septicaemia, presenting with large sterile effusions in adjacent joints. In both cases the clinical features were suggestive of septic arthritis. Multiple joints were involved in each patient. Initial radiographs showed no abnormalities.


The redox reaction of gold III chloride in acid solutions has been electro-chemically investigated using a cyclic voltammetry technique. This paper emphasizes the current and potential sites at which gold III chloride is reduced in hydrochloric acid that is vital to electrochemical evaluation of gold recovery. The solutions were prepared by reacting HCl with AuCl3 in various concentrations thus 30 and 60 mg/L AuCl3 in 0.1 and 0.5 M HCl, respectively. Solutions of 0.1 and 0.5 M HCl containing 0, 30 and 60 mg/L AuCl3, respectively were tested for possible reduction and oxidation reactions by cyclic voltammogram experiment using a glassy carbon, a saturated calomel and a platinum wire mesh as working, reference and counter electrodes, respectively. The results showed no peak in the case of the absence of AuCl3 in the solutions, but appreciable cathodic and anodic peaks for the reduction and oxidation of various concentrations of AuCl3 in acid solutions. The reaction between AuCl3 and HCl was found to be reversible because the ratio of oxidation peak current and reduction peak current was 1. The concentration of AuCl-4 on the surface of the working electrode at the reduction site for each AuCl3 concentration using Nernst equation was 1.22 × 109 ppm and 2.44 × 109 ppm. The reduction potentials were independent of concentration, while the current was highly dependent of concentration.


Bolitho, A. 2008. The Ganga and problems of translation. In Water first: Issues and challenges for nations and communities in South Asia, edited by K. Lahiri-Dutt and R. Wasson, New Delhi: Sage, pp. 38–407. Colopy, C. 2012. Dirty, sacred rivers: Confronting South Asia's water crisis. London: Earthscan. Wohl, E., 2011. A world of rivers: Environmental change on ten of the worlds great rivers. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.


Abstract Recent controversy during the conclusion of peace talks has renewed discussion as to the nature of the effort by Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, or FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia), to seize state power. FARC presents itself as an insurgency produced by societal imperfections and purports to speak for the marginalized and alienated of Colombia. Critics contend that FARC is a ruthless narcoterrorist organization that has targeted the people. In fact, FARC comes closer to the latter than the former, because its critical decision to privilege criminality for generation of means destroyed execution of a viable people's war strategy. Ultimately, means devoured ways in such manner as to make ends unachievable. Criminality, though it made FARC perhaps the richest insurgent group in the world during its heyday, laid the foundation for its defeat by ceding legitimacy, and thus mass mobilization, to the democratic state.


The clinical trial to evaluate the estrogenic effects of the crude drug derived from dry powder of a phytoestrogen-rich Thai herb Pueraria mirifica (White Kwao Krua) in five female volunteers with menopausal symptoms showed that the crude drug clearly improved the signs and symptoms related to menopause such as, hot flushes, frustration, sleep disorder, skin dryness, high blood cholesterol, oligomenorrhoea and amenorrhoea, with no change in the blood cells, liver and kidney functions, as well as other physiological status after four months of treatment. In four volunteers, treatments were continued to complete the one-year test period with half the dose and was found to maintain their satisfied menopausal relief status. The crude drug dosage was administered at 200 mg daily for three weeks a month during the first four months of treatment and 200 mg every other day for 20 days per month for the remaining of eight months. These doses were effective and safe as phytoestrogen treatment of menopausal symptoms.


The overwinter and survival of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Glomerella cingulata in strawberry tissues under field conditions was investigated in 2001 and 2002. The rates of overwinter survival in plant petiole, runner and crown were 68.7,14.3, and 26.7%, respectively. But, under field condition, viable conidia of overwinter were not detected at the surface, 3, 5, and 10 cm depths of soil. To investigate the survival ability in soil and plant debris, C. gloeosporioides and G. cingulata isolates from strawberry were examined in laboratory and field. The viability of conidia was rapidly declined in all the treatments, with a 40% reduction in population within 10 days. In soil, the survival ability of G. cingulata conidia was similiar to that of C. gloeosporioides. The survival rate of conidia was highest under cool and dry soil conditions, and was decreased by increasing both soil temperature and moisture content. Similar results were also obtained under the condition that infected petioles were buried in soil. Results suggested that conidia as well as plant debris might be a main primary inoculum source of strawberry anthracnose.


In this chapter, Laura Jones, Jesse Heley and Sophie Yarker focus on the life-course transitions in later life through exploring the 'volunteering careers' of retirees who 'work' in a range of different kinds of organisations. Three main themes emerge from their research. Firstly, they reveal that there is an increasingly blurred boundary between work and retirement, with many older people undertaking varying combinations of paid work and unpaid voluntary activity. Secondly, the decisions about the transition were contingent on a wide range of interrelated factors, such as health, finances and family. Thirdly, their interviewees' experience of volunteering reflected their experiences of paid employment. The chapter concludes by considering whether the increasing professionalisation within civil society is in some cases placing unwanted pressure and burdens onto volunteers.


we synthesized oil soluble viscosity breaker SDG-3 in lab and tasted its property which can decrease viscosity for 50%.Applied SDG-3 in Tahe super heavy oil well TH12112CH,we found the well production parameters kept in normal range,mass production and oil production level increased,but dilute oil which used to produce heavy oil decreased.The ratio of dilute oil and heavy oil decreases from 0.98 to 0.54,which decrease 42.4% for average.The application was very successful.


Sufism seems to be still vital for the world nowadays. Concerning Central Asia, Hodja Ahmed Yassawi may be deemed one of the earliest Sufi there, and his most famous work, which contributed to the Islamisation of the Turks, is a collection of wisdom called Diwan-i Hikmet. Therefore, this study attempts to evaluate the piece content using text mining techniques. The authors ran a term frequency analysis to uncover prevailing topical terms underlying the text along with their co-occurrence. Besides, the nature of emotion reflected in the writing was assessed based on the analysis of sentiment terms. The findings from the term frequency analysis show that the central concepts in the Diwan-i Hikmet are God, divine love, spiritual education, ascesis, and worship of God through service. Emotion-based data analysis revealed that the overall affective tone of the text has proven to be positive. The current work adds to the research on Sufi Islamic literature. The agenda for future research was specified.