Lake Flies are edible insects with the potential of contributing to food security in that they are an alternative protein and micronutrient food source in freshwater lake regions. The main challenge in exploiting the lake flies is the difficulty in the collection. This study was conducted to identify sustainable traditional collection practices and forecasting techniques of lake flies and was implemented in Rusinga and Mfangano Island in Kenya. The ethnographic study employed multiple methods of data collection: focus group discussion (FGD), observations, and interview schedules. 5 (3 female and 2 male) key informants were selected for interview schedules aged above 60 years. 48 (19 female and 29 male) participants took part in FGDs they were divided into 8 sets each containing 6 participants and an age range between 18 to 40 years. Open data kit (ODK) software was used for data collection while analysis was conducted via thematic analysis framework using Nvivo version 10 software. Questions were administered on traditional lake-flies emergence forecasting, collection techniques, and devices. The emergence of lake flies is determined by moon sightings, the presence of strong winds, and the rainy season. Lake flies can be collected: in mid-air flight mode, in bushes along the shore, and during night operations using a light source (bulb, touch). Lake flies are collected using traditional tools: a woven basket with a stick handle, pots, a plastic basin, and a woven basket with a stick attached. Cultural myths associated with lake flies included: marriage partner/business customers' attraction. Uses include libido enhancement, remedy for sickness, and good fish harvest indicator. In conclusion, lake flies have the potential to contribute to food and nutrition security as affordable and locally available alternative protein and micronutrient sources.


Objectives: To assess the demographics and epidemiology of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee in patients age 2-19 and the frequency with which these lesions progress to surgery. Methods: A retrospective EMR chart review of an integrated health system was done on OCD between 2007 and 2011. Inclusion criteria included OCD of the knee and patients aged 2-19, with approximately 1 million patients in this cohort. Lesion location, laterality, and all patient demographics were recorded. OCD incidence was determined for the group as a whole and by age group (divided into age 2-5, group A=6-11, group B=12-19). Differences in progression toward surgery were compared between age groups, gender, and joint location. Results: 192 patients with a total of 206 OCD lesions fit the inclusion criteria. No OCD lesions were found in 2-5 year olds. 53.4% of lesions were right-sided, 46.6% left-sided. The medial femoral condyle was the most commonly affected location with 63.6% of the knee OCD lesions, followed by the lateral femoral condyle with 32.5%. Lesions of the femoral trochlea, patella, and lateral tibial plateau represented less than 4% of the total combined. No OCD lesions were found in the 2-5 year-olds. The incidence of knee OCD for patients aged 6-19 was 9.6 per 100,000 for all patients, and 15.7 and 3.3 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively. Group B represented the vast majority of OCD, with an incidence of 21.8 per 100,000 in 12-19 year olds versus 8.7 in group A. Females in group A and B had an incidence of 4.6 and 13.3 per 100,00, respectively, while males had an incidence of 12.5 and 30.1 per 100,00 for group A and B, respectively. The overall male/female ratio for knee OCD was 3.7/1. 33.8% of all lesions progressed to surgery. Lesion location did correlate with progression to surgery, with rare trochlear lesions and tibial lesions more likely to undergo surgery (100%, 100%) than lateral and medial femoral condyle lesions (40.3% and 28.7%) and patellar lesions (33.3%). Conclusion: In this population-based cohort study of pediatric OCD in nearly 1 million children, males had a much greater incidence of OCD and the majority were right sided lesions. Teenagers had nearly 3 times the incidence of OCD as compared to the 6-11 year old group. Although most OCD lesions were located on the medial femoral condyle, lateral femoral condyle lesions were also common. The incidence of OCD in this study was similar to a smaller Swedish study by Linden et al 40 years previously. The knowledge of likelihood of progression to surgery of OCD by location, sex, and age is useful in counseling patients and in planning treatment. To our knowledge, this is the largest study of the demographics, epidemiology, and incidence of progression to surgery of OCD of the knee in children ever reported.


University inductees may be increasingly vulnerable to stressors during transition into higher education (HE), requiring psychological resilience to achieve academic success. This study aimed to profile inductees' resilience and to investigate links to prospective end of year academic outcomes. Scores for resilience were based on a validated Connor Davison Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) drawn from 1534 inductees in a single UK university. A four-stage analysis revealed that incremental resilience was more facilitative of females' prospective academic attainment, but less functional and more convoluted for males. This large, distinctive study has implications for student support practices and highlights that the relationship between resilience and academic achievement requires further consideration in HE.


In this article we bring up a new-type bendable mechanical arm based on four-bar linkage which is composed by several micro-mechanical parts and can be applied on minimally invasive surgery. The advantage of this new design is that the actuator and the mechanical arm can be designed separately, so that our mechanical arm will not interfere with the operation of actuator. Compare with the traditional bendable surgical designed instruments which are made by single structure, the designed instrument of this research which is based on four-bar linkage own better stiffness. Herein this study not only carry out the design of linkage model for minimally invasive surgery, but also analyze the kinematics of designed model. By building up the kinematic relationship between input and output, this study got the dynamic stress of the designed structure and prove that the designed structure have high stiffness , so this research propose a novel design of a high-stiffness bendable scalpel.


Results of the Cs activity concentration measurements in the ground-level air in the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Ignalina NPP) region in 1978–2006 are presented and discussed. The peculiarities of the trend of mean annual radiocaesium activity concentrations in the air during the studied period are explained and described empirically. The analysis of the radiocaesium concentration course after the Chernobyl accident shows that mean annual Cs activity concentrations in the air are decreasing slower than it is expected due to its radioactive decay and aerosol, as the Cs carrier, removal processes in the atmosphere. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model of the global dispersion and deposition of the admixture in the air is used to study episodic increases in the Cs activity concentration in the ground-level air of more than 8 μBq m. Modelling results show the transport of resuspended radiocaesium with air mass from the Chernobyl NPP accident polluted regions to be an important source of the radionuclide to the environment of the Ignalina NPP. It is shown that Cs emissions from its generation sources (nuclear industry objects) and, probably, the depositional flux of the radiocaesium from the stratospheric reservoir, can contribute up to 10% to the mean annual Cs activity concentration value. Mean arithmetic and mean geometric Cs activity concentrations in the air during a year are calculated and compared.


The temperature dependencies of the basic parameters of MOSFETs in a temperature range 20 - 300 K are measured. The universal formal four-parametric model, which allows to approximate all experimental temperature dependencies with the relative error less than 1% is proposed. The hybrid analytical model efficiency for approximation of volt-ampere characteristics of MOSFETs is proved.


In our modern society, information technology has become a need that can't be denied as complement of human life. Not being left out by this trend, education also need the application of information technology to face information management that associate with school. The amount of data keep on increasing year by year make this task more complex, especially about the examination. The particular information need to store systematically so that any manipulation of this data can easily made. Seem that these processes are too complex and difficult to manage in manual, this project is initiated. The title of this project is called "Analysis System of Marking for SMK
Engkilili". Survey has been conducted on manual system of Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Engkilili,one of secondary school at Sri Aman Division, Sarawak. Waterfall model is the methodology adopted throughout the development of this project.


The ionizing radiation of massive stars sculpts the surrounding neutral gas into pillar-like structures. Direct signatures of star formation through outflows and jets are observed in these structures, typically at their tips. Recent numerical simulations have suggested that this star formation could potentially be triggered by photoionising radiation, driving compressive modes of turbulence in the pillars. In this study we use recent high-resolution ALMA observations of $^{12}\mathrm{CO}$, $^{13}\mathrm{CO}$, and $\mathrm{C}^{18} \mathrm{O}, \; J = 2-1$ emission to test this hypothesis for pillars in the Carina Nebula. We analyse column density and intensity-weighted velocity maps, and subtract any large-scale bulk motions in the plane of the sky to isolate the turbulent motions. We then reconstruct the dominant turbulence driving mode in the pillars, by computing the turbulence driving parameter $b$, characterised by the relation $\sigma_{\rho/\rho_0} = b \mathcal{M}$ between the standard deviation of the density contrast $\sigma_{\rho/\rho_0}$ (with gas density $\rho$ and its average $\rho_0$) and the turbulent Mach number $\mathcal{M}$. We find values of \mbox{$b\sim0.7$--$1.0$} for most of the pillars, suggesting that predominantly compressive modes of turbulence are driven in the pillars by the ionising radiation from nearby massive stars. We find that this range of $b$ values can produce star formation rates in the pillars that are a factor $\sim 3$ greater than with $b \sim 0.5$, a typical average value of $b$ for spiral-arm molecular clouds. Our results provide further evidence for the potential triggering of star formation in pillars through compressive turbulent motions.


An accurate form of the moist potential vorticity(MPV)equation was deduced from a completeset of primitive equations.It was shown that motion in a saturated atmosphere without diabatic heat-ing and friction conserves moist potential vorticity.This property was then used to investigate the de-velopment of vertical vorticity in moist baroclinic processes.Results show that in the framework ofmoist isentropic coordinate,vorticity development can result from reduction of convective stability,orconvergence,or latent heat release at isentropic surfaces.However,the application of the usual analy-sis of moist isentropic potential vorticity is limited due to the declination of moist isentropic surfaces.and a theory of development based on z-coordinate and p-coordinate was then proposed.According tothis theory,whether the atmosphere is moist-symmetrically stable or unstable,or convective stable orunstable,the reduction of convective stability,the increase of the vertical shear of horizontal wind ormoist baroclinity may result in the increase of vertical vorticity,so long as the moist isentropic surfaceis slantwise.The larger the declination of the moist isentropic surface,the more vigorous the develop-ment of vertical vorticity.In a region with a monsoon front to the north and the warm and moist airto the south,or by the north of the front,the moist isentropes are very steep.The is the region mostfavorable for development of vorticities and formation of torrential rain.For a case of persistent torrential rain occurring in the middle and lower reaches of theChangjiang and Huaihe Rivers in June 11-15,1991,moist potential vorticity analysis,especially theisobaric analysis of its vertical and horizontal components,i.e.MPV1 and MPV2,respectively,iseffective for identifying synoptic systems not only in middle and high latitudes,but also in low lati-tudes and in the lower troposphere.It can serve as a powerful tool for the diagnosis and prediction oftorrential rain.


The use of biodegradable bone substitutes is advantageous for alveolar r idge augmentation, since it avoids second-site surgery for autograft harve sting. This study examines the effect of novel, rapidly resorbable calcium phosphates on the expression of b e-related genes and proteins by human bone derived cells (HBDC) and compares this behavior to that of tricalciumphosphate (TCP). Test materials were -TCP, a newly synthesized chemical Ca2KNa(PO4)2 (material denominated R17), two glassy crystalline materials with a crystalline phase Ca2KNa(PO4)2 and in addition a small amorphous portion containing either magnesium potas sium phosphate (material denominated GB14) or silica phosphate (material de nominated GB9). HBDC was grown on the substrates for 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days, counted and probed for various mRNAs and proteins (collagen type I, osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, alkaline phos phatase and bone sialoprotein). All substrates supported continuous cellular growth for 21 day s. At day 21, R17, GB9, TCP and GB14 displayed higher cell numbers than the polystyrene control, a d cell count number on R17 and GB9 was higher than on TCP. All substrates significantly a ffected the temporal expression of bone-related genes and proteins. Since all tested calc ium phosphates supported the expression of bone-related proteins to a higher degree than cells gr own on the polystyrene control, all materials can be regarded as potential bone substitutes. All materials induced enhanced osteoblastic differentiation, their potency to enhance osteogenesis is hereby sugg ested.


Inflammatory mediators form a group of proteins actively involved in an inflammatory process. Little is known, however, on their levels in saliva in periodontitis-affected individuals. In order to establish their presence and concentrations, we measured the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactoferrin (LF), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and GRO-α in patients with periodontal disease at baseline and after initial treatment (6 weeks). Whole saliva samples were collected at baseline, and six weeks after periodontal treatment in two groups. Study group consisted of 16 subjects with clinical signs and symptoms of periodontitis, while control group consisted of 6 periodontally-healthy individuals. ELISA was performed for assay of MPO, LF and ALP identification and measurements. GRO-α was identified and analyzed by indirect immunodots using monoclonal antibodies. IL-1 assay was performed using the IL-1 ELISA test. It is well known that some salivary constituents actually derive from gingival crevicular fluid. Risk assessment may help in the prevention of periodontal disease, but difficulties that may arise in procedures of early detection are great. Risk indicators are factors that are not necessarily present as etiologic factors, but are certainly associated with the disease progression. To consider that different inflammatory mediators have a general and well defined role would be too simple, or completely wrong. Gathering of complete information on them remains a challenge, limited by their low levels of expression which is usual for most of the cytokines. Finally, it seems that, like most other proteins in the human body, inflammatory mediators have different functions in different tissues and conditions. It is impossible to investigate just some of the inflammatory mediators in the periodontal disease. When the many other inflammatory factors, prostaglandins in the first place, are also taken into account, it is clear that our data do not show the whole mechanism that leads to the periodontal breakdown. However, the whole cytokine network in the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction provides much stimulation to the research, and this is an attempt to add to the scientific knowledge in this field.


The metabolism of nimodipine(Nim) in human liver microsomes was studied in vitro to identify its metabolites and metabolic pathway. Nim was rapidly metabolized and three metabolites of Nim were isolated and identified in human liver microsomes. These are dehydrogenated metabolite of dihydropyridine ring of Nim (M 1), demethylated metabolite of lateral chain of dihydropyridine ring of Nim (M 2) and the dehydrogenated and demethylated metabolite of Nim (M 3), respectively. The initial two metabolic reactions of Nim in human liver microsomes were the dehydrogenation of dihydropyridine ring of Nim and demethylation of lateral chain of dihydropyridine ring of Nim. The metabolite M 1 and M 2 can be further metabolized to form metabolite M 3. Troleandomycin and ketoconazole ,the specific inhibitors of CYP3A, can inhibit the dehydrogenation and demethylation of Nim and significantly lower the rate of metabolism of Nim. The results suggested that CYP3A involve the metabolism of Nim in human liver microsomes.


Time-resolved terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is an ideal tool for probing photoinduced nonequilibrium metallic and superconducting states. Here, we focus on the interpretation of the two-dimensional response function $\Sigma(\omega;t)$ that it measures, examining whether it provides an accurate snapshot of the instantaneous optical conductivity, $\sigma(\omega;t)$. For the Drude model with a time-dependent carrier density, we show that $\Sigma(\omega;t)$ is not simply related to $\sigma(\omega;t)$. The difference in the two response functions is most pronounced when the momentum relaxation rate of photocarriers is long, as would be the case in a system that becomes superconducting following pulsed photoexcitation. From the analysis of our model, we identify signatures of photoinduced superconductivity that could be seen by time-resolved THz-TDS.


− The paper begins by presenting basic electrical diagrams of the main types of electric locomotives (with chopper and DC motors or with rectifiers and DC motors or with VVVF and induction motors IM or with self-controlled synchronous motors SCSM) powered from DC contact line or from AC contact line. To obtain the movement diagrams, in the paper they are established the equations of useful movement and it is built the structural diagram corresponding to a locomotive with "z" traction identical motors. The paper aims to build, on the new concepts basis, structural models (easily reconfigurable in the Simulink models) for all types on electromechanical converters, of traction, that are today installed on the electric locomotives. For modelling is proposed the original idea of fictitious split of any traction electric motors into an "electromagnetic part" and into a "mechanical part". Construction differences, functional differences and mathematical differences of the equations that describing the various types of electromechanical converters are given only by their electromagnetic parts. Starting from that idea, the paper presents the mathematical equations and structural diagrams for all electromechanical converters of traction used on the electric locomotives. For electromagnetic part of the DC motors and the induction motors, equations and structural diagrams take into account the real iron core magnetization curve. Only for modeling SM is adopted the Park theory (with unsaturated iron core). As a validation of the models, in the last part of the paper are summarized the Simulink model of an induction motor, the Simulink model for useful movement and, for concrete data, the running diagrams of ETR 500 high speed train obtained by numerical simulation.


The Discriminative Generalized Hough Transform (DGHT) is a general object localization approach. Based on a training corpus with annotated target point locations it employs a discriminative training technique to generate weighted shape models for usage in a standard GHT voting procedure. The method has shown to successfully cover medium target object variability by aggregating model points, representing the different variants, in a single model. However, due to the independent treatment of model points in the GHT voting, mutually exclusive variations may support the same localization hypothesis, leading to false positives. The problem is addressed by analyzing the spatial pattern of model points, voting for a specific Hough cell, and learning the structural differences between successful and unsuccessful localizations. Random Forests are utilized to rate the regularity of model point patterns to provide the probability of a "regular shape", indicating a successful localization. The approach is evaluated on a public corpus containing 3830 portrait images with strong head pose variation with a localization success rate of 99.2% for the iris of both eyes. This is an improvement of 2% compared to the DGHT baseline system which demonstrates the potential of the novel method to eliminatve an important source of mislocalizations.


Diabetic hyperglycemia was reported to induce impairment of human bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic function and cause niche dysfunction. As multi‐potent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a key constituent of BM hematopoietic niche, we determined the influence of high glucose (HG) on cultured MSCs. MSCs were cultured in medium containing 5.5 mM glucose (low glucose, LG) or 25 mM glucose (HG) for up to 28 days and cell proliferation and morphology were analyzed. MSCs cultured under HG exhibited reduced cumulative population doubling and BrdU incorporation and increased p16 and p21 in a time‐dependent manner. Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐Gal) positive cells and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) production were increased. Cells underwent morphological changes consistent with senescence. Since cellular senescence is controlled by autophagy, we determined whether HG suppresses autophagy thereby inducing premature senescence. Interestingly, MSC cultured in HG medium exhibited enhancement of beclin‐1 expression and LC3‐II generation when compared to MSC cultured in LG. HG increased beclin‐1 (Atg 6) as well as Atg 5, Atg 7, and Atg 12 mRNA when compared to LG. HG also significantly increased autophagosome formation. To elucidate the relationship between autophagy and senescence, we treated MSCs with 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA), an inhibitor of autophagy and analyzed changes in senescence. 3‐MA prevented growth arrest and p21 elevation and abrogated SA‐β‐Gal and IL‐6 expressions. These results indicate that HG induces senescence through activation of autophagy. It was reported that HG induces cell injury via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We evaluated the effect of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, on MSC autophagy and senescence. NAC reduced Atg expressions, LC3‐II generation and autophagosome formation accompanied by preventing senescence. DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, exerted a comparable effect as NAC.


Compositions comprising at least one polyamide obtained by polycondensation of meta-xylylenediamine and a dicarboxylic acid, and at least one methacrylate copolymer based on acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, said copolymer being advantageously at least partially neutralized by an alkali metal. These compositions have a high melt viscosity at low shear rate, which facilitates their implementation.


Nowadays, the need for user editing in a 3D scene has rapidly increased due to the development of AR and VR technology. However, the existing 3D scene completion task (and datasets) cannot suit the need because the missing regions in scenes are generated by the sensor limitation or object occlusion. Thus, we present a novel task named free-form 3D scene inpainting. Unlike scenes in previous 3D completion datasets preserving most of the main structures and hints of detailed shapes around missing regions, the proposed inpainting dataset, FF-Matterport, contains large and diverse missing regions formed by our free-form 3D mask generation algorithm that can mimic human drawing trajectories in 3D space. Moreover, prior 3D completion methods cannot perform well on this challenging yet practical task, simply interpolating nearby geometry and color context. Thus, a tailored dual-stream GAN method is proposed. First, our dual-stream generator, fusing both geometry and color information, produces distinct semantic boundaries and solves the interpolation issue. To further enhance the details, our lightweight dual-stream discriminator regularizes the geometry and color edges of the predicted scenes to be realistic and sharp. We conducted experiments with the proposed FF-Matterport dataset. Qualitative and quantitative results validate the superiority of our approach over existing scene completion methods and the efficacy of all proposed components.


This research was done to analyze physical properties of fermented cocoa beans using various fermentation methods and fermipan concentrations.  The aim of this study was to identify effective fermentation methods to produce quality cocoa beans. For each trial 10 kg of fresh cocoa beans were treated with fermipan in concentrations 0.5% w/v and 1% w/v. Fermentation trials were conducted in wooden boxes, plastic baskets and in heaps without turning the materials.  The trials were conducted aerobically at room temperature for the next 6 days (144 hours). The results showed that the cocoa bean temperature increased significantly the 24th hour of fermentation and then slowly decreased until the end of the fermentation period except for the beans in heaps. The highest temperature of 42oC was found in beans in wooden boxes using the 1% w/v fermipan concentration. During fermentation, the pH of the pulp increased according to the period of fermentation and reached a peak at 144 hour. The highest pH was 7.02 found in beans placed in plastic baskets with 1% w/v of fermipan concentration. Overall the cocoa beans which fermented in wooden boxes with 1% w/v of fermipan gave the best quality with shell content of 15.05 %, brown color intensity of 90%, unfermented beans 2%, insect infestation 1.14% and beans germinated 1.90%.


Despite the vast number of studies that have examined the relationship between human memory and learning, few have examined learning and memory in more realistically valid environments. The current study examines learning memory in a classroom environment, specifically with students enrolled in a medical anatomy course. In addition to behavioral data, this study also uses electroencephalography (EEG) to examine the neural correlates of successful learning in medical students. A total of 37 students over 2 years was recruited from the Boston University School of Medicine to participate in this study. In the study, medical students were tested on a set of anatomical terms that they learned in the anatomy course. Testing occurred in three sessions: prior to the start of the course, immediately after the completion of the course, and 5 months after the completion of the course. In the experiment itself, students were presented with 176 anatomical terms (132 terms learned in the course and 44 terms deemed outdated) and then given three response choices: whether they "Can Define", are "Familiar" with, or "Don't Know" the term. While testing, the subject's scalp EEG was recorded to measure the brain's neural activity in response to anatomical terms displayed on the computer screen. Resulting EEG waveforms were separated and then averaged based on the


OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of qacE△1-sul1 gene positive in multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria caused nosocomial infection for better control of nosocomial infection.METHODS Multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria were clinically isolated.The gene of qacE△1-sul1 of these strains was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS Totally 182 strains of the qacE△1-sul1 gene positive in multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria were distributed clinically in ICU as the most ones(55 strains,30.22%),and in surgery unit as the next(38 strains,20.88%).The highest appearing rate was from the sputum,up to 52.20%.CONCLUSIONS There are higher positive percentages of qacE△1-sul1 gene of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria caused nosocomial infection,especial in ICU and in surgery unit.It is the possible reason to cause the resistance to common disinfectants and the spread of nosocomial infection.The situation ought to be attended to.


Abstract: This study aims to find out how the leadership and respect of principals at Aroeppala Makassar Elementary School, how the teacher's performance at Aroeppala Makassar Elementary School, and how much influence the principal's leadership and appreciation has on the performance of teachers at Aroeppala Makassar Elementary School. This research is a quantitative study with an ex post facto type of research. Data collection methods used were observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the headmaster's award and leadership are in the high category based on a total score of 52-70 (high category), the performance of teachers at Makassar Aroeppala Elementary School is in the high category based on a total score of 52-70 (high category); and the principal's appreciation and leadership has a positive effect on the performance of teachers in Makassar's Aroeppala Elementary School with a contribution of 61%.


Polysaccharides have become a focal point in studies of food and medicine,as they are important bioactive substances in pharmaceutical fungi.The pharmaceutical fungi with polysaccharides widely exist in nature,including Ganoderma lucidum,Lentinus edodes,Schizophyllum commune and Cordyceps,and others.Commonly used extraction methods to obtain polysaccharides from pharmaceutical fungi include hot water extraction,alkaline extraction,acid and neutral salt solution extraction,and some recently developed new technologies such as ultrasonic,microwave-assisted extraction and enzymatic extraction.Studies show that the main pharmaceutical fungi polysaccharides feature immunomodulatory,anti-tumor,anti-virus,anti-oxidation,and with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.The structural factors of pharmaceutical fungi such as molecular weight,glycosidic bond type,the spatial structure and chemical modification,have a significant effect on their biological activities.


'Involuntary self-employment' has recently received considerable political and media attention in Finland. The notion of involuntary self-employment has been used to refer to situations where an employer seeks increased flexibility and cost efficiency by 'pushing' former employees into new forms of precarious self-employment. Although the terminology used varies, the phenomenon itself is known across Europe. However, little empirical evidence exists as to the characteristics and scope of involuntary self-employment. This paper addresses this research gap by defining five characteristics of involuntary self-employment and, based on these, analysing survey data from 850 Finnish small firms to explore its scope. The results show that the phenomenon is marginal in relation to the Finnish small business population as a whole. Hence, it seems to exist at most in certain sectoral niches that are small enough to remain 'hidden' in broad cross-sectoral samplings.


A fuel container according to the present invention includes a container body (15), a fuel (10) provided in the container body (15), a draining port (9) provided to the container body (15) for supplying the fuel (10) to the outside of the container body (15), a fluid introduction unit (19) which introduces into the container body (15) a fluid corresponding to flow-out of the fuel (10) from the draining port (9), and a swelling member (17) which connects to the fluid introduction unit (19) and swells in the container body (15) by absorbing the fluid.


Characteristic of anomaly variation in leveling data of Daixian Central Seismological Station of Seismological Bureau of Shanxi Province before Jan.10,1998 Zhangbei,Hebei,earthquake of M6.2 is analyzed.It is considered that there is a process of stress accumulation and adjusting in large region before the Zhangbei earthquake of M6.2.There is long and medium term deformation anomalies on all seven leveling lines in Daixian Seismological Station.Anomaly time is about 1 a-2 a and anomaly amplitude varies largely.The earthquake occurred in the process of turn and comeback of anomaly of line data curve.


Electrical Resistivity investigations using Two-dimensional (2-D) geophysical investigation was carried out in Ugbogiobo community, Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. This was done to have a good idea of subsurface lithology in the study area. Twenty-four (24) traverse lines were profiled in two locations using a rectangular grid format with electrode spacing of 10 m with a horizontal length of 300 m and 200 m respectively using the Wenner Alpha configuration as a survey technique. The 2-D Electrical Resistivity data was processed using RES2DINV software. From the results obtained it is evident that over a depth of between 5 m to 56 m for all the profiled lines there is composition of Alluvium and clayey soil at the top surface with low resistivity values at a depth below 10 m with resistivity values ranging between 50 Ωm–800 Ωm. While Shale, Slate and Sandstone occurred at a depth of between 13 m to 25 m with resistivity values ranging between 1000 Ωm–3000 Ωm. Above a depth of 30 m revealed limestone and thick clay with resistivity values raging between 5000 Ωm– 30000 Ωm.


A survey of Orthoptera occurring in the district Jamshoro was carried out during the months of May to November 2012. The study sites included agricultural lands, semi mountainous areas with various vegetation types i.e. crops, grasses, herbs and shrubs. A total of 183 specimens of grasshopper were collected and sorted out into 5 species. Of these 2 species viz: Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) and Oedaleus senegalensis (Krauss, 1877) belonged to oedipodinae, Truxalis eximia eximia Eichwald, 1830 to Acridinae, Oxya velox (Fabricius, 1787) to Oxyinae and Poekilocerus pictus (Fabricius, 1775) of Pyromorphinae. The distribution of many of the previously recorded species has been extended. In addition to this, a simplified taxonomic key based on easily recognizable morphological characters is also presented.


Stable organic biradical crystals PNNNO, F2PNNNO, and PIMNO of the PNNNO family were synthesized. $PNNNO52-@48(N-tert-butyl-N-oxyamino)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl 3-oxide, F2PNNNO52-@28,68,-difluoro248-(N-tert-butyl-N-oxyamino)phenyl#4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4, 5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl 3-oxide, PIMNO52-@482(N-tert-butyl-N-oxyamino)-phenyl#-4,4,5, 5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl.% PNNNO and PIMNO crystallize to form quasi-onedimensional lattices, but F2PNNNO to form a quasi-two-dimensional lattice. The temperature dependences of the susceptibility and the high-field magnetization process up to 34 T were measured down to 0.5 K. The results are analyzed by comparing with the theoretical calculations based on the crystal structures. PNNNO and PIMNO are considered to be antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chains consisting of S51/2 spin pairs ~dimers! in which the two spins are coupled ferromagnetically. At low temperatures, an antiferromagnetic ordering occurs in these crystals, which is confirmed by the thermodynamic discussion through specific heat measurements. On the other hand, F2PNNNO is thought to be a two-dimensional Heisenberg system, in which the spin pairs are connected by two types of antiferromagnetic interactions. The ground state is singlet. The high-field magnetization process shows a two-step saturation with a plateau of the half value of the saturation magnetization. @S0163-1829~99!00342-2#


Remote Memory Access (RMA) is a useful communication interface to develop high-performance applications with complicated communication patterns. However, the data scales of such applications are still limited by the totally available main memory capacity. To accommodate extreme scale executions of those applications, we developed vGASNet, which is an RMA-based communication library that exploits the capacity of non-volatile memory (NVM) on each node. With vGASNet, NVM devices on nodes compose a large shared address space. Under this model, the key for good application performance is to reduce bandwidth bottlenecks. First, since NVM is much slower than DRAM, reducing the amounts of NVM accesses is important. For this purpose, vGASNet regards DRAM of each computation node as a cache of NVM. Next, one of bottleneck sources in RMA is caused by access contention. In order to mitigate its effects, vGASNet adopts cooperative cache mechanism, which make multiple caches of an object on several nodes. Our evaluation using vGASNet shows the above cache mechanism improves the scalability of RMA.


The dearth of fertile 'virgin' land and inaccessibility to standard chemical fertilizers, coupled with low tuber yields has made cassava cultivation unprofitable in parts of traditional cassava zone of West Africa. Field experiments were conducted at Ajibode and Alabata villages located in Ibadan (derived savanna zone), Nigeria to evaluate cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root yield response to alley cropping species and arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) inoculations. On farm trials were conducted during two growing seasons, in Rhodic Kandiustalf soil type with low nutrients. The alley cropping systems used Leuceana leucocephala and Senna siamea as hedgerow tree species (main blocks), while AMF inoculation (with or without Glomus clarum, G. mosseae, or G. fasciculatum) served as the subplots. Improved cassava cvs. TMS 30572 and TMS 91934 were intercropped within alleys. The leaf dry weight and cassava tuber yield were greatly enhanced by AMF inoculation, whether alley-cropped or sole-cropped in Ajibode fields. The positive contribution of mycorrhizae to cassava root yield ranged from 20.7 to 39.3%, depending on the treatment combination. However, in Alabata fields, out of four farms, cassava yield was suppressed in three of the farms by hedgerow trees. The suppression in yield was between 138.9 and 2.7%. However, the combination of the multipurpose trees and AM fungi greatly enhanced the cassava root yield (between 20.6 and 166.7%) even more than AMF inoculation alone. It is concluded that alley cropping system can bring about sustainable cassava production in the derived savanna agroecological zone if integrated gith efficient AMF. Due to favourable factors it is desirable to encourage adoption of the above improved technologies by resource poor farmers.


The one dimensional (1D) driven quantum coupled pseudoforce system governing the dynamics of collective Langmuir electron oscillations is used in order to investigate the effects of variety of space charge distributions on plasmon excitations of a nearly free electron gas with arbitrary degree of degeneracy and electron fluid temperature. A generalized closed form analytic expression for the grand wavefunction of collective excitations in presence of an arbitrary space charge distribution is presented based on the stationary solutions of the driven coupled pseudoforce system which has been derived from the Schr\"{o}dinger-Poisson model. The wavefunction and electrostatic potential profiles for some especial cases such as the Heaviside charge distribution, Dirac charge sheet, impurity charge sheet in 1D plasmonic lattice and the Kroning-Penney Dirac charge distributions with particular applications in plasmonics and condensed matter physics is investigated in this paper. It is remarkably found that two parallel Dirac charged sheets completely shield all interior plasmon excitations with any given energy value from outside electrostatic fields and charge densities. It is also found that the presence of even a weakly charged impurity layer within a perfect 1D plasmonic crystal profoundly destroys the periodic electrostatic field of the crystal lattice, hence, the Bloch character of the wavefunction considered in band gap theory of solids. Current investigation of electron excitations in arbitrary degenerate electron gas in the presence of static charge distributions may be used to develop analytic models for a variety of real physical situations. It also helps in further developments of the rapidly growing fields of nanotechnology and plasmonics.


This thesis describes five basic mechanisms of sexual selection in the sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus, a small fish with paternal care. These are: (1) the female preference for eggs in the nest, (2)the effect of brood age on mating success, (3) the effect of male–male interactions on mate choice, (4) sexual selection of male colour and (5) the effect of predation on sexual selection. All the studies test in the laboratory and in the field, factors that may give direct benefits to females in terms of offspring survival. The studies show that females avoid nests were potential of egg survival is poor. Also, females spawn with strong males, which might be able to carry the costs of hard male–male competition. Furthermore, in all of the studies the constraints of mate choice are tested. Male interactions are shown to affect mate choice and dominant males may sometimes override female choice. Besides this, predation is shown to reduce female activity towards potential mates. Also, in all the studies, factors affecting male– male competition are tested. It is shown that mate choice may affect the result of male–male competition. Parental stage of the male, nest size and predation affect the competition for mates among males. Furthermore, it is shown that males avoid high predation risk nest sites during colonisation, increasing competition for safe sites. Female choice is not necessarily always operating in the same direction as male–male competition. Either one may outweigh the other, but which one is stronger may be dependent on local ecological conditions. For example, it is shown that brood age variation may affect competition for spawnings and consequently female spawning patterns. Furthermore, this spawning pattern may constrain female choice in the wild, when most males are guarding old eggs. Yet, male interactions may outweigh mate choice but not in cases where males differ clearly in ornamentation. I also show that under certain conditions female choice may constrain male–male competition. For example females may choose males that are weaker in physical fights between males. These results suggest that different components of sexual selection operate together resulting in stabilising selection as well as directional selection depending on the environment. 7


Mg60Cu30Gd10 and Mg60Cu30Gd1.5Nd8.5 ribbons were obtained by melt spinning. For both compositions, a fully amorphous phase was found and a clear Tg was observed. In-situ XRD measurements were carried out during heating of ribbons at the ID11 synchrotron beamline of ESRF, Grenoble (France). In order to identify the crystallisation products, an annealed Mg60Cu30Gd10 master alloy was analysed by SEM/EDS and XRD. The existence of new ternary compounds (MgCu4Gd and Mg2CuGd) in the Mg-Cu-Gd system is suggested.


The applicability of cellular approach (Einstein's and Batchelor's formulas) to describe the viscosity of solutions as a function of the volume concentration of macromolecular coils has been analyzed on the basis of viscosity experimental data for polyvinyl alcohol solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide and water. It is shown that the Malomuzh–Orlov formula obtained for the macromolecular coils modeled as a hard core and a rarefied periphery adequately describes the viscosity of polyvinyl alcohol solutions as a function of the volume fraction of macromolecular coils in them up to the overlap concentration. The concentration dependences were obtained for the effective radius of polyvinyl alcohol macromolecules in water and dimethyl sulfoxide. It was shown that the radius of polyvinyl alcohol coils decreases nonlinearly with the growth of the solution concentration.


The invention relates to a process for mounting expendable anodes on an intertidal steel-structured fan foundation, which includes: firstly, sinking a steel pipe pile provided with no expendable anode when tide is in or out; secondly, digging out sea mud around the steel pipe pile to form a pit during tide falling; and thirdly, placing the expendable anodes into the pit excavated around the steel pipe pile, connecting weld legs of the expendable anodes to the outer wall of the steel pipe pile by welding, and allowing the expendable anodes to be below the horizontal plane of the sea mud. The steel pipe pile is an upright round pipe, five lateral guide pipes are mounted on the periphery of the inner wall of the steel pipe pile, each adjacent two of the five lateral guide pipes are connected through a guide pipe rack in a supported manner so that a pentagon is formed, a center guide pipe is mounted in the center of an inner cavity of the steel pipe pile, and the center guide pipe is respectively connected with the five lateral guide pipes through guide pipe racks. The mounted expendable anodes can be assuredly submerged into seawater no matter the tide is in or out, so that cathodes of the fan foundation are protected.


This paper briefly describes the basic concepts and current status of portal sites that National Institute of Informatics (NII) is involved in the design and operation for the Digital Silk Roads (DSR) Project. These portal sites aim at disseminating and sharing cultural heritage information related to Silk Roads. This paper introduces two portal sites, namely Toyo Bunko Portal, and Advanced Scientific Portal for International Cooperation on Digital Silk Roads (ASPICO-DSR). This paper also addresses other related sites and programs, namely Cultural Heritage Online and ECAI and concludes with a future plan.


The landscape of academic publishing is marked by a diverse array of journals, each with its distinct scope, focus, reach and impact. In the pursuit of disseminating research findings, contributing to the collective body of knowledge and gain recognition, researchers are confronted with the pivotal decision of where to publish their work. While international journals attract attention for their global reach, legibility and impact factor, the significance of prioritizing publication in local journals need not be underestimated. This document aims to underscore the importance of embracing local journals as a priority in the realm of scholarly dissemination, emphasizing their unique contributions to scientific advancement, community engagement, and the holistic progression of research endeavors.


A diagnosis method and apparatus for measuring blood hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, pulse rate, respiration rate, and degree of aging of blood vessels using light are provided. The diagnosis apparatus using light includes: an input/output unit which receives a command for measurement from a user and provides information on the result of a measurement to the user; a control unit which receives the command for measurement from the input/output unit and generates a control signal; a light generating unit which generates at least two light beams for measurement according to the control signal; a light receiving unit which receives the light beams transmitted through an object that is subject to measurement and converts the received light beams into electrical signals; and a data processing unit which processes the electrical signals received from the light receiving unit and outputs information on the result of a predetermined measurement. Multiple parameters, including hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, pulse rate, respiration rate, and degree of aging of blood vessels, can be noninvasively measured using the diagnosis apparatus.


Standard statistical analysis of variance has been used on data from weekly determinations of 15 blood constituents in each of 68 normal subjects, our purpose being to isolate and estimate biological components of observed variation. These components include intra-individual, or "personal" variation, and inter-individual, or "group" variation. The most critical problem, that of separating personal variation from long-term analytic deviations in each individual9s data record, was resolved with the aid of concurrent analysis of a constant "pooled" serum. Comparison of isolated personal variation with inter-individual variation indicates that many common blood tests—e.g., magnesium, calcium, total protein, uric acid, serum enzymes, and cholesterol—could contribute to an individually distinctive blood "profile" if substantial improvements were made in analytic precision. Presently, only cholesterol (among older women) and uric acid (in males) appear to possess strong capabilities for distinguishing among normal individuals.


Dicarbonylchloro(pentabenzylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium has been prepared and its structure confirmed by X-ray analysis. This complex shows excellent catalytic activity and modest stability against air in racemization reactions of secondary alcohols. In Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of 1-phenyl- and 1-(furan-2-yl)ethanol compounds, the new complex shows improved performance as an alcohol racemization catalyst in comparison with its well-known pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl analogue, hitherto considered as the leading catalyst candidate. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)


Using invariant of the 2 order linear differential equation paper gives solving process,to obtained in the general solution for y″+[bG(x)-(G'(x))/(G(x))]y'+cG2(x)y=0


Spain is the third beer producer of the European Union, together with Poland and behind United Kingdom and Germany (Food and Agriculture Organisation, 2009). Bagasse (BG) and yeast waste (YW) are the main organic residues produced by the brewery industry. In 2008, Spain produced 34,350x10 3 hectolitres of beer, which generated 688,546 tonnes of BG and 86,047 tonnes of YW (Food and Agriculture Organisation, 2009; Canales et al., 2005). Several methods have been proposed for BG disposal including feedstuff (Fillaudeau et al., 2006), bioplastic (Yu et al., 1999) production and treatment by anaerobic fermentation (Fillaudeau et al., 2006). Other studies have been focused on the YW disposal, such as livestock feed (Fillaudeau et al., 2006), heavy metal biosorbent production (Chen and Wang, 2008) and the recovery of high value-added compounds, used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries (Canales y col., 2005). However, relatively little research have been carried out on the composting of brewery wastes. Sanchez-Monedero et al. (2001) composted brewery sludge (sludge resulting from the depuration of brewery wastewater) with sorghum bagasse and pine bark and Garcia-Gomez et al. (2005) composted BG with others lignocellulosic materials. The aim of this work was to study the evolution of some parameters describing the stabilisation and maturity of brewery wastes when composted with agricultural and forest residues.


Microfinance can play important role in alleviating poverty. Most marginal people have intention and capability to start small revenue generating activities. However, they are lack of finance to materialize their dreams. Microfinance may be one of the way for potential small entrepreneurs to acquire necessary inputs to start their activities. Government and international agencies are trying to eliminate poverty through microfinance programs, services and guidelines. This effort may be able to generate revenue and new jobs that can eradicate poverty. With this concept, Microfinance had been hosted primarily in Bangladesh and later replicated in other part of the world. Grameen Bank (GB) has been serving large number of people below poverty level in Bangladesh. However, both positive and negative impacts of microfinance on poverty have been visible in several studies that make microfinance still questionable. Therefore, this study intent to construct Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) measuring the incidence and intensity of the poverty among GB borrowers. It compares MPI of participant borrowers with non-participant borrowers of GB for observing the effect of microfinance. The results show that microfinance has positive impacts for participant borrowers as their index is relatively lower compared to non-participant borrowers. Hence, microfinance appears as an effective instrument for poverty alleviation.


The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been observed in three well-defined temperature intervals (region I: 2–115 K, region II: around charge order transition TCO, and region III: around room temperature) in polycrystalline Nd0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (NCMO) manganite system showing a first order (CO) transition at a temperature, TCO∼250 K. The magnitude of ΔSM(H) increases monotonically with applied magnetic field but does not reach saturation even at fields as high as 60 kOe. In the three given temperature regions, negligible magnetic and thermal hysteresis are found, which satisfies the requirements of using NCMO as an effective magnetocaloric material for magnetic refrigeration.


In this paper we present a rudimentary model for low-latency anonymous communication systems. Specifically, we study distributed OR algorithm as an abstract of the system. Based on our model, we give several satisfactory lower bounds of anonymity leakage of a deterministic OR algorithm. Some of them reveal a trade-off between anonymity and communication complexity. For the randomized OR algorithm, we only give a relatively trivial but possibly tight lower bound when leaving out communication complexity. And we find the relationship between our model and some open case in the study of secret sharing scheme, if considering communication complexity.


This paper presents an approach to semantic interpretation for MTT that accounts for
ambiguities of quantifier scoping. Dependency Tree Semantics (DTS) is described as a target
formalism that introduces in the SemS a mechanism for dealing with quantifiers. DTS is
based on underspecification, i.e. all ambiguous interpretations of a quantified sentence are
represented in a single structure, where the scope relations are not given. The underspecified
representations can be extended by adding dependency arcs that express the scope ordering
when enough information is available for the disambiguation. Since a single underspecified
structure covers all readings of a sentence, the mapping from the SSyntS to the SemS is
heavily simplified. In order to provide some evidence about this, the paper includes the
definition of the syntax-semantics mapping for a small fragment of English.


Status is reported for a research program on the possible use of a toxic organic uranium compound to increase the toxicity of creosote to marine borers (Limnoria tripunctata) and thus improve its performance as a preservative for marine piling. Methods are given for the preparation of some organic uranium compounds. Preliminary impregnation and leaching tests were made on wood panels with creosote containing uranium chelates of 8-quinolinol derivatives. (D.L.C.)


Temperature is one of important effect factors to cotton growth.This paper is showed that damage of abnormal change of air temperature to cotton growth at seedling and flower stage was assessed in Lab,combining with inoculating Rhizoctonia solani, INA.The result showed that cotton seed and seedling were easy to be damaged at 3~10℃,causing seed rot and damping off of seedling.Cotton plants at flower and boll stage were treated at three temperature range in Lab.The growth of cotton plant was normal at 32~20℃ to 20~16℃,but the leaves of cotton plant damaged by insect and mite only became wilt and dry rot,its leave edge became curl at 32~20℃ to 16~3℃,other leaves were normal.Cotton plants were damaged at 32℃~20℃ to 16℃~-3℃,like waterlogging,leaves and top of plant became dry rot, if return it normal temperature, plant became death at once.The interaction of low temperature,INA,and .Rhizoctonia solani would aggravate the damage of low temperature to cotton growth.


Contribution of rents is one of the important sources of competitive advantages to the supply chain system. There are not only relationship rents which play a fundamental role, but also other three basic rents presented as an endogenous form in the system of supply chain. In conclusion, deepening and reconstruction of the value chain, knowledge flow and sharing will greatly provide support for obtaining heterogeneous resources and innovation, and thus create more sustainable rents and competitive advantages.


The flower wood species and its culture methods of Tree peony were offered.Economy and appreciate effect were analyzed for tree peony. The results showed that the culture of tree peony is only limited in the east of Qinghai at present.With the environment construction step speeds up,and improvement of ecology environment which tree peony culture range will be expanded in larger area.


Abstract It is proven that the monoenergetic neutron transport operator in the case of a spherically symmetric, isotropically scattering sphere with a cavity in a large body has infinitely many complex time eigenvalues.


In the Tohoku-Hokkaido subduction zone, several small to moderate earthquakes have occurred repeatedly at almost the same location, radiating almost identical waveforms every time. This phenomenon has been understood as repeated rupture of a patchy structure surrounded by aseismic slip area on the plate boundary (e.g., Matsuzawa et al., 2002, Igarashi et al., 2003). A typical example is the Kamaishi-Oki repeating earthquake sequence of about M4.9 recurring at almost 5.6-year interval. Many smaller earthquakes occurred in clusters in and around the slip area of the main events, suggesting some hierarchical structure in the source region. Such hierarchical structure is considered as a source of diversity in earthquake process, and may control foreshock activities. The lack of aftershocks (Uchida et al., 2012) also suggests that the rupture of main events releases almost all accumulated strain energy around this structure.


This text introduces the present conditions of the main gears used in the Ore-dressing Plant,analyses the material and manufacturing accuracy of gear;discusses the forms,reasons and consequences of the failure.Combining with the current state,it puts forward the protection measures to reduce the failure frequency.


airport ceilometers, radio and television antennae, and tall buildings, and have been associated primarily with nocturnal autumnal migration. Various climatological, biological, and physical aspects of the mortalities have been investigated by ornithologists, especially in Tennessee, where instances of mass mortalities in the autumn have been more frequent than in other states (see Howell et al., 1954). The most noticeable and widespread series of mortalities occurred in the fall of 1954 when, between October 5 and 8, twenty-five instances were reported from New York to the South Atlantic states; many of them claimed prominent places in newspaper and magazine accounts. Although these unprecedented mortalities are in a sense unfortunate, a compilation of the records and analysis of the data will help to supplement our present knowledge of nocturnal autumnal migration, inasmuch as each occurrence is a small sample, literally snatched from the air, from a flock of migrants. Furthermore, the largest kill in recorded history occurred at Warner Robins Air Force Base near Macon, Georgia, during this time, and a detailed study of this event has furnished intensive qualitative and quantitative data, thus complementing the extensive data revealed by a survey of the total mortality incidents over the eastern and southern states during this period. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


To run the JUNO observatory applications on cloud, performance evaluation and optimization for JUNO software on virtual platform is necessary. With benchmark tools and the latest JUNO offline software, the paper presents the design of a complete set of evaluations to find out the best choices of virtualization infrastructures for JUNO applications. To facilitate testing procedures, automatic tools have been developed. The findings during tests and the suggestions to future improvements of the JUNO software will also be described in this paper. In the optimization part, we will describe the factors affecting performance and the ways we manage to improve the JUNO simulation and reconstruction processes in virtual platform by 10% ∼20% in multi-VM cases.


(57) Abstract: filter assembly uniformly flow of liquid while maintaining a desired flow rate and pressure as well as reduce the Horudoappu liquid waste, a housing, a first and second end, secured therebetween and filters, and a sleeve. The sleeve is disposed around the filter, coupled to the first and second end cap, forming a cage as one integral unit which is arranged in the housing.


Increasing chip density combined with heightened reliability expectations has spawned greater interest in fault tolerant design. In recent years, research into rollback and retry techniques has established them as an effective approach to recovery from transient and intermittent faults. For applications with strict timing requirements, however, the high error latency inherent in retry approaches is unacceptable. We have developed an alternative recovery method with strict error latency boundaries. In addition, the bulky state storage hardware required in rollback designs has been eliminated. The result is a more efficient, more broadly applicable approach to fault tolerant design.


Objective To investigate the influence of M2-type macrophage on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9( MMP-9) in ovarian cancer cells,and to analyze the underlying mechanism about Toll-like receptors signaling pathway. Methods 320 nmol / L PMA was added to induce THP-1 cell into M2-type macrophage. M2-type macrophage and SKOV3 non-contacting co-culture model was established by Transwell method. After the co-culture process of 12 and 24 h,TLR1,2,6 and MMP-9 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR. My D88,TRAF6,P-NF-κB and MMP-9 expression level were evaluated by Western blot. Testing the expression of MMP-9 after SKOV3 being stimulated by TLR1,2 and 6 agonist for the time of 6,12 and 24 h respectively. Results Type M2 macrophages were induced for differentiation by PMA. After the co-culture process of 24 and 48 h,MMP-9 mRNA and protein relative expressions in SKOV3 cells were significantly higher( P 0. 05). The content of TLR1,2 and6 mRNA were highly expressed in SKOV3( P 0. 05). Co-cultured after 24 and 48 h,TLRs signaling pathway proteins My D88,TRAF6,and P-NF-κB have synchronous increased expression in SKOV3( P 0. 05). TLR1,2and 6 agonist respectively stimulated SKOV3 for 6,12,24 h,MMP-9 mRNA level showed a significantly high expression( P 0. 05). Conclusions Polarization-type tumor-associated macrophage may promote MMP-9 expression in ovarian cancer cells,and its mechanism is possibly explained by stimulating and activation of TLRs signaling pathway.


Business Continuity Management (BCM) is a process that is used by organizations to counteract risks in order to attain resilience. It is of significance in the attainment of long term survival when faced by unexpected disruptions. It is therefore important for communication firms in Kenya to adopt BCM to improve organizational resilience. The purpose of this study was to evaluate emergency response practices in relation to BCM in communication firms in Kenya. The research established that ICT recovery system is one of the most important factors when responding to emergencies, trained officers were also found to be important. The other factors of importance were; firefighting equipment that should be put in buildings, strategic plans should incorporate emergency aspects. This suggests that individually these factors have an influence on BCM. However when emergency response is regressed with other BCM factors, it does not have significant relationship with the attainment of BCM.


Graph data structures model relations between entities in various domains. Graph processing systems enable scalable distributed computations over large graphs, but are limited to static scenarios in which the structure of the graph does not change. However, many applications are dynamic in nature, and this reflects to graphs that continuously evolve over time. In these contexts, understanding the evolution of graphs is key to enable timely reactions when necessary. We address this problem by proposing a new model to express temporal patterns over graph data structures. The model seamlessly integrates computations over graphs to extract relevant values, and temporal operators that define patterns of interest in the evolution of the graph. We present the syntax and semantics of our model and discuss its concrete implementation in FlowGraph, a middleware for temporal pattern recognition in large scale graphs. FlowGraph presents a level of performance that is comparable to state-of-the-art graph processing tools when processing static graphs. In the presence of temporal patterns, it can further optimize processing by avoiding complex graph computations until strictly necessary for pattern evaluation.


DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018.6.1.22 Abstract: 'Food' is a common agricultural commodity which fulfils temporary wants of mankind and making us to be live until our life span reached. But, the absence of food consumption among some groups of human beings is unacknowledged and necessary steps will be taken to fulfil their basic nutrition. Hence, the programme of food security has been introduced and emphasised in all aspects to be attained the aim and the contribution of energy for the purposes also brought out in this study. Secondary data for the period of eighteen years have been collected and presented with compound annual and average growth rate for assess the data value in present trending. Further, theoretical diagrams applied to analysis the theme of study to bring out facts that occurs in supply of and how the expected supply of food grains should be to attain the goal of the same also given with suggestions.


The objective of this paper is to present a new method for estimating effective flow areas not only in the external wall of a house but also in the internal walls between rooms using only one type of tracer gas. The discharge coefficient of each wall and the pressure in each room—which are unknown variables—are determined using nonlinear simultaneous equations, which consist of balance equations for the air mass and tracer-gas concentration in the rooms. To verify the validity of this method, we performed a numerical experiment. We defined the values of the discharge coefficient of each wall, and then simulated changes in the temperature and tracer-gas concentration. We then estimated the discharge coefficient of each wall from the simulated temperature and concentration values using the method. Because it was confirmed that the estimated values were equivalent to the defined values, the validity of this method was verified.


Several ecological key factors were indicated in the Lake Kinneret ecosystem during 1969-2000: Elevation of the biomass of non-pyrrhophyte-phytoplankton, chlorophyta, cyanobacteria, and diatoms; decline of Peridinium maximal from 215 - 240 to 175 - 200 ranges (g/m2); decline of zooplankton (herbivore and predator) relative to phytoplankton biomass (g/m2); lower loads of Nitrogen and slightly also phosphorus in the river Jordan discharge; decline of precipitations and lake water level; significant decline of epilimnetic nitrogen and minor changes of phosphorus concentrations initiated decline of N/P mass ratio to the establishment of a significant change of the ecosystem to be modified from P to N limitation. What could be other than essential outcome of future prediction that results of 20 years (1969-2000) of routine and comprehensive monitor carried out in Lake Kinneret initiated? The Lake Kinneret ecosystem dynamics after 2000 justified retroactive post-factum earlier conclusion of appropriate predictability.


Biofilms are communities of micro‐organisms enclosed in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). They represent a ubiquitous form of microbial life on Earth. Detailed information on chemical composition and structure of the EPS matrix is relevant in medicine, industry and technological processes. Raman microscopy (RM) provides whole‐organism fingerprints for biological samples with spatial resolution in the μm range and enables correlations between optical and chemical images to be made. Low water background makes RM beneficial for in situ studies of biofilms, since water is the major component of the biofilm matrix. In this paper we discuss the feasibility of RM for chemical characterization of different structures in a multispecies biofilm matrix, including microbial constituents and EPS. We show that by improving the sensitivity of RM with surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) one can perform rapid biofilm analysis. In particular, by choosing appropriate SERS substrates and solving the problem of SERS measurement reproducibility one can carry out in situ study of different components in the complex biofilm matrix. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This paper is on the purpose of studying the effect of practical education from the perspective of quality education.It carries out investigations to the undergraduate college graduates of building environment and equipment engineering.The results of survey show that the effect of practical education in undergraduate education phase is multifaceted,comprehensive and it receives a high degree of recognition from the students.At the same time it also finds a need for further areas of improvement and the effection of undergraduate college graduates' postgraduate entrance exam on the undergraduate practical education.


Water-immersion ultrasonic C scan automatic check system of five degrees of freedom is designed, which can check plane parts, cylindrical surface parts and complex curve parts. MCS51 single chip microcomputer is the core of automatic check system, which can improve precision, efficiency and reliability in the process of check.


Wood sawdust was increasingly being used as reinforcement in commercial thermoplastics due to low cost, reusable raw materials. One of the problems of using wood sawdust is its interfacial adhesion with polymeric matrix. In this research, two types of silane coupling agents (N-(3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethyllenetriamine and γ-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane) and sodium hydroxide were used for the modification of interfacial adhesion in wood sawdust/polycarbonate composites. The effects of chemical treatment and wood sawdust content (10, 20 and 30 % by wt) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal conductivity analysis. Youngs modulus of composites was in general higher than the neat PC except for the one with γ-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane treatment. Tensile modulus of composites was increased as the filler loading increased. Nevertheless, the addition of wood sawdust resulted in the tensile strength reduction of the composites. The SEM micrographs reveal that the aggregation of wood particles and weak interfacial bond between the treated wood sawdust and the polymeric matrix with increasing filler loading. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity was reduced significantly with the increment of wood sawdust contents.


A nano-magnetic substance solubilizing device including a coaxial nozzle is disclosed. The nano-magnetic substance solubilizing device according to an embodiment of the invention includes a coaxial nozzle part (100) including an inner nozzle (110) and an outer nozzle (12) and formed of electroconductive materials, a water pool part (200) separated from the bottom of the coaxial nozzle part and including an accepting part, a ground plate part (500) placed closely to a bottom surface of the water pool part (200) and having area and shape corresponding to the bottom surface of the water pool part, a stirrer (400) placed in the accepting part of the water pool part (200) and including a blade (410) stirring liquid (300) in the accepting part, and a power part (600) supplying a voltage to generate an electric field between the ground plate part (500) and the coaxial nozzle part (100) by being electrically connected to the ground plate part (500) and an external surface of the coaxial nozzle part (100). Oxidized steel solution (10) is dropped in the inner nozzle and surfactant (20) is dropped in the outer nozzle (120). The oxidized steel solution (10) and the surfactant (20) discharged from the coaxial nozzle part (100) are electronically sprayed by the electric field generated by the ground plate part (500) and the coaxial nozzle part (100) in order to be collected into the liquid (300) in the accepting part of the water pool part (200).


I. Conflicts of Law under Suspicion of ParadoxII. Changing the Mode of Thought: From Conflicts of ParadoxesIII. Luhmann: Sociologizing DeconstructionIV. Derrida: Theologizing DeconstructionV. Wietholter: Reciprocity and (Im-)Partiality


A solution to get the problem off, have you found it? Really? What kind of solution do you resolve the problem? From what sources? Well, there are so many questions that we utter every day. No matter how you will get the solution, it will mean better. You can take the reference from some books. And the mill on the floss vol 2 is one book that we really recommend you to read, to get more solutions in solving this problem.


High resolution differential single-electron capture functions are measured for 540 eV Ar2+-Ne collisions in exit channels defined by energy-defect analysis. The oscillatory functions are interpreted in terms of long-range crossings of diabatic potential energy curves dominated by the Coulomb repulsion of the product ions. The probabilities of capture into the ground state of the product ions are deduced as a function of impact parameter and compared with those expected on the basis of the semi-classical method of Bates et al, using the exchange matrix element H12 derived from the semi-empirical relationships of Olson et al.


The notion of "optimal robustness margin" is extracted from ideas introduced by Barmish and Lettmann. Two examples of the results of this notion are presented.


(1) Background: Overall survival of the patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) depends mostly on extra-renal extension, documented by the invasion of the pelvicalyceal system, or the perinephric/renal sinus fat or the renal vein/its segmental intraparenchymal branches. Staging may be challenging because of the high inter-observer variability. We have introduced a more accurate procedure to detect the extra-renal extension and, to possibly evaluate the impact of such more laborious approach, we have compared the RCC pathological staging obtained following both standard and modified procedures; (2) Methods: We selected 54 consecutive cases of RCC diagnosed 18 months before and 54 consecutive cases diagnosed 18 months after the introduction of the new method of sampling. Clinico-pathological characteristics have been statistically analyzed; (3) Results: Most of the features analyzed were non statistically significative, except the extra-renal invasion. More precisely, the occurrence of retrograde venous invasion was higher in the cases grossly approached with the more accurate method; (4) Conclusions: Extra-renal extension to intraparenchymal renal vein branches may be underestimated, leading to an inappropriate under-staging. Using more accurate staging procedures, to disclose the occurrence of intra-renal veins tumoral thrombosis, helps to better define the pathological stage, allowing patients to benefit of better fitting treatments.


The boundary recognition algorithm of self-walking agricultural machine based on vision was proposed in this paper, which combined 2D-gabor with uniform pattern of LBP to extract the texture features of boundary area. After that, an algorithm that fuzzy extreme learning machine based on KFCM was presented to improve the accuracy of boundary recognition. The experiment result shows that the proposed method is effective in classifying the boundary of the working area in the process of self-walking agriculture tractor, and owns highaccuracy.


This paper introduces a new blind image quality assessment (BIQA) metric using texture analysis. The method adopts two texture operators to select image texture information. The first operator is the Local Binary Pattern (LBP), an effective texture operator that is extensively adopted for texture analysis. The second operator is proposed as an extension of LBP. The proposed operator, the Local Variant Pattern (LVP), extracts local energy information. Energy information is particularly important for BIQA metrics because image distortions modify the energy of the textures. Histograms of the LBP and LVP outputs are used as features in a random forest regression algorithm. The proposed method surpass other state-of-the-art BIQA method, as results demonstrate.


The accuracy of high-resolution spectroscopy depends critically on the stability, frequency control, and traceability available from laser sources. In this work, we report exact tunable frequency synthesis and phase control of a terahertz laser. The terahertz laser is locked by a terahertz injection phase lock loop for the first time, with the terahertz signal generated by heterodyning selected lines from an all-fiber infrared frequency comb generator in an ultrafast photodetector. The comb line frequency separation is exactly determined by a Global Positioning System-locked microwave frequency synthesizer, providing traceability of the terahertz laser frequency to primary standards. The locking technique reduced the heterodyne linewidth of the terahertz laser to a measurement instrument-limited linewidth of <1Hz, robust against short- and long-term environmental fluctuations. The terahertz laser frequency can be tuned in increments determined only by the microwave synthesizer resolution, and the phase of the laser, relative to the reference, is independently and precisely controlled within a range ±0.3π. These findings are expected to enable applications in phase-resolved high-precision terahertz gas spectroscopy and radiometry.


The fish called Ecan bonna, by the Malays, is broad, flat, and of a lead colour; the belly is flat, white, and in places tinged with green. The eyes are a bright yellow. The body is covered with small semicircular scales. Its length is generally about eighteen inches; its breadth thirteen, and, at the thickest part, it is nearly three inches thick.


Abstract Issue The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 brought with it an urgent need to generate accurate and real-time surveillance data. The Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS), along with many blood establishments worldwide undertook SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance studies using residual blood donor serum. This response highlighted the role that blood donors can play in informing public health policy. Description In September 2020 the IBTS undertook a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study using blood donor specimens to track the 'first-wave' of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland. We utilised our operational capacity for sample collection and screening to quickly generate seroprevalence data. In 2021, the newly established National Serosurveillance Program (NSP) in Ireland invited the IBTS to collaborate on a SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance study in blood donors which has continued into 2023. Results This response has led to an enhanced relationship between the IBTS and public health in Ireland and has highlighted a possible future role for the IBTS in providing 'real-time' seroprevalence data to policy-makers. This data can be used to inform decision-making in relation to infection prevention and control strategies including vaccination policy. Lessons This practice highlights the role that blood establishments can play in informing public health policy and indicates that this role could be expanded in the future in the cases of both emerging infections and vaccine preventable diseases. Blood donor studies offer a unique opportunity to screen healthy populations for the presence of antibodies to infections on a national level and with the opportunity for longitudinal sampling of returning donors. Key messages • The relationship between blood establishments and public health should be further explored in the future to support infectious disease surveillance programmes. • Blood donor studies can provide vital baseline data of healthy populations.


A simple method for multiband applications of compact microstrip array antenna by adding additional resonator, which is gap-coupled to the non-radiating edges of a radiating element, is described. A comparative study on the experimental results of two, four and eight element gap-coupled rectangular microstrip array antenna is presented and described.


The general perspective in reputational scholarship is that all aspects of reputation matter. Longitudinal data on human and financial resource mobilization in 94 entrepreneurial companies after in...


AbstractThis paper describes the influence of steel fiber-reinforcement on the design of cost-optimized, prestressed concrete, precast road bridges, with a double U-shaped crosssection and isostatic spans. A memetic algorithm with variable-depth neighborhood search is applied to the economic cost of these structures at different stages of manufacturing, transportation, and construction. The problem involved 41 discrete design variables for the geometry of the beam and the slab, materials in the two elements, active and passive reinforcement, as well as residual flexural tensile strength corresponding to the fibers. The use of fibers decreases the mean weight of the beam by 1.72% and reduces the number of strands an average of 3.59%, but it increases the passive reinforcement by 8.71% on average, respectively. Finally, despite the higher cost of the fibers, their use is economically feasible since the average relative difference in cost is less than 0.19%.


Abstract In a refinery, crude petroleum oil is distilled in an atmospheric column to separate fuel gases and distillates. Reduced crude oil (RCO) from the atmospheric distillation unit is further distilled under a vacuum, yielding varieties of distillates like vacuum gas oil and light to heavy viscous distillates. In a typical lubricating base oil–producing refinery, viscous distillates from intermediate to heavy are available from such a unit. Highly viscous distillate is also recovered from the vacuum residue. Solvent extraction takes place (Sequeira and Dekker, 1993c, p. 81; 1993b, p. 153) next to selectively dearomatize the distillates to yield high viscosity index (VI) oil. In order for the pour point to be improved, selective removal of paraffin wax is carried out in a solvent dewaxing unit. Finally this dewaxed oil is selectively hydrogenated to remove unwanted sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen and also for improving color. Though modern catalytic aromatic saturation and dewaxing (Sequeira and Dekker, 1993a, p. 194; Raseev, 2003, p. 674) are replacing the traditional solvent refining processes, valuable products like wax, carbon black, and bitumen are available only from solvent refining processes. A typical solvent extraction unit has been studied for enhancing quality and quantity of value-added products like lube base stock, wax, carbon black feed stock (CBFS) and bitumen.


The architectural analysis of the immediate context of the Carolina sector yielded data on the lack of a Monumental Museum dedicated to the most vulnerable species in the country. With this, a project that houses the intangible animals of the country will be planted. That is, create a space in the memory of the urban wildlife that Ecuador has...


This study aims to determine the influence of group positive psychotherapy on life satisfaction in inmates in IIA Kediri class. Subjects were 20 inmates living in prisons of IIA class in Kediri. Subjects selected by using purposive sampling technique which has low scores on life satisfaction scales with an age range of 20-39 years. This experimental research design uses Quasi experimental Pre-test-post-test control group design. Data analysis used is Different Test or t-Test and the technique used is paried Sample t-test. Data collection using the scale of Life satisfaction measuring tool using Satisfaction With life Scale (SWLS). The results showed that there was a difference of life satisfaction score in experimental group and control group that was obtained in control group with t-count value (1,000) less than t-table value (2,262) or significance value (0,343) more than alpha (0,050). In the experimental group the value of t-count (9,949) was more than the t-table value (2,262) or the significance value (0,000) less than the alpha (0.050).


The concept of self-determination became especially prominent in international law during the inter-war years, this principally as a consequence of President Woodrow Wilson's articulation of the idea in the deliberations leading to the creation of the League of Nations. The concept of self-determination had, of course, an extremely powerful resonance because it suggested a mechanism by which a particular group of people could acquire sovereignty, become nation-states in the international system. In this paper I seek to trace out the different models of the nation-state that were developed by the League of Nations. And further, in keeping with the themes of this conference, I will focus in this analysis on the relationship between the problem of `cultural difference' and the creation of the nation-state. First, the lawyers of the League had to address the problem of nationalism in the new states of Eastern Europe. Here the problem of cultural difference assumed the form of the problem of how international law and institutions could ensure that different ethnic groups within the one territory could live in peace. Second, the League had to confront 'colonial problems', which involved managing relations between two disparate cultural groupings understood as being the 'civilized' Europeans and the uncivilized 'non-Europeans'; this had to be achieved in the context of all the changes that had occurred in international thinking and relations following the First World War. The problems of cultural difference acquired a particular significance because, as the following discussion attempts to suggest, issues of culture were intimately connected with issues of sovereignty.


Summary of the second semi-annual meeting of the Texas Surgical Society, with details about what was discussed and important people present, including the secretary's report.


Based on the analysis of the research status of university teachers' data literacy at home and abroad, combined with the survey results of university teachers' data literacy ability in China, this paper uses data classification and other methods to mine the core elements of university teachers' data literacy ability; Further use the scoring method to build a multi-level dynamic evaluation system of teachers' data literacy ability; For different levels of data literacy capabilities, we will build a multi-level promotion strategy plan to form a complete set of dynamic strategies for improving college teachers' data literacy capabilities, and promote and apply them.


Significance Protein degradation is critical for modulating cellular responses to the environment. Here, we show that proteome remodeling by ClpX, ClpP1, and ClpP2 controls circadian clock function in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. The results suggest that protein degradation by the ClpXP1P2 protease is required to maintain normal periodicity of the circadian clock and to limit the temporal range over which the phase can be reset in response to darkness. Moreover, ClpX-mediated protein unfolding, independent of its functions with the ClpP protease subunits, is required to relieve a clock-induced cell division checkpoint. Together, the results suggest that the circadian clock and ClpX act together to time the window in every 24-h day in which cell division is inhibited. In cyanobacteria, the KaiABC posttranslational oscillator drives circadian rhythms of gene expression and controls the timing of cell division. The Kai-based oscillator can be reconstituted in vitro, demonstrating that the clock can run without protein synthesis and degradation; however, protein degradation is known to be important for clock function in vivo. Here, we report that strains deficient in the ClpXP1P2 protease have, in addition to known long-period circadian rhythms, an exaggerated ability to synchronize with the external environment (reduced "jetlag") compared with WT strains. Deletion of the ClpX chaperone, but not the protease subunits ClpP1 or ClpP2, results in cell division defects in a manner that is dependent on the expression of a dusk-peaking factor. We propose that chaperone activities of ClpX are required to coordinate clock control of cell division whereas the protease activities of the ClpXP1P2 complex are required to maintain appropriate periodicity of the clock and its synchronization with the external environment.


The multiple filamentation of powerful light pulses in fused silica is numerically investigated for central wavelengths at 355 nm and 1550 nm. We consider different values for beam waist and pulse duration and compare the numerical results with behaviors expected from the plane-wave modulational instability theory. Before the nonlinear focus, the spatiotemporal intensity patterns can be explained in the framework of this theory. Once the clamping intensity is reached, for long input pulse durations (approx1 ps), the ionization front defocuses all trailing components within a collective dynamic, and a spatial replenishment scenario takes place upon further propagation. Short pulses (approx50 fs) undergo similar ionization fronts, before an optically turbulent regime sets in. We observe moderate changes in the total temporal extent of ultraviolet pulses and in the corresponding spectra. In contrast, infrared pulses may undergo strong temporal compression and important spectral broadening. For short input pulses, anomalous dispersion and self-steepening push all pulse components to the trailing edge, where many small-scaled filaments are nucleated. In the leading part of the pulse, different spatial landscapes, e.g., broad ring patterns, may survive and follow their own propagation dynamics.


The Beatitudes have long functioned as a cornerstone for spiritualities of nonviolence. In that tradition, this essay explores how active nonviolence, rooted in the hope of the third Matthean beatitude—"Blessed are the meek for they will inherit the earth"—can be understood as a response to the interrelated cries of the earth and the oppressed within history. To concretize the demands of a political ecology of nonviolence, the essay then examines how the legacies of Western extractive colonialism have shaped the contours of the contemporary planetary emergency, an emergency that is social, cultural, economic, and ecological in nature. The essay concludes by considering how the practice of meekness, in response to the interrelated cries of the earth and the oppressed, might be lived out within the contemporary historical moment.


Aiming at complexity forces of training field for transportation service,cloud model was studied,based on cloud model and AHP,this paper put forward training field for transportation service effectiveness evaluation model,its concept,purpose and meaning. Main steps of effectiveness evaluation of training field for transportation service were analyzed,and then the algorithm in detail of effectiveness evaluation of training field for transportation service based on cloud model-AHP was given out,it was validated by an example. Verification results show that this method is the subjective qualitative evaluation with quantitative evaluation model,solves the fuzziness and the randomness of the assessment,as the effectiveness evaluation of training field for transportation service provides a set of effective methods.


As sensor networks have widely been used in military and civilian areas, security guarded by key management is more and more critical to the communication between sensor nodes. However, most researches are focus on proposing new pair wise-based key management scheme, little consider with how to systemize the process of evaluating those schemes. In this paper, based on the description of the structure of key management mechanism, we extend stochastic Petri nets into KMSPN (Key Management SPN) according to features of sensor networks, and establish a logical expression of key management. After constructing the sub-models of pair-wise key establishment, path-key establishment and rekey, we propose two KMSPN models of key management model: static model and dynamic model. Then we use the KMSPN model proposed before to analyze a concrete protocol, by calculating the latency and throughput of the protocol. The results of performance evaluation and simulation analysis show that how the latency and throughput will be affected while the attributions such as network scale, key size and so on are changed. KMSPN provides a feasible and correct guidance to design, analyze, and choose the protocols, by accurately predicting the performance of key management protocols in sensor networks.


Cell-free Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ensures ubiquitous communication at high spectral efficiency (SE) thanks to increased macro-diversity as compared cellular communications. However, system scalability and performance are limited by fronthauling traffic and interference. Unlike conventional precoding schemes that only suppress intra-cell interference, full-pilot zero-forcing (fpZF), introduced in [1], actively suppresses also inter-cell interference, without sharing channel state information (CSI) among the access points (APs). In this study, we derive a new closed-form expression for the downlink (DL) SE of a cell-free Massive MIMO system with multi-antenna APs and fpZF precoding, under imperfect CSI and pilot contamination. The analysis also includes max-min fairness DL power optimization. Numerical results show that fpZF significantly outperforms maximum ratio transmission scheme, without increasing the fronthauling overhead, as long as the system is sufficiently distributed.


A simple shear flow of granular materials can have a range of behavior from a rate-independent plastic material to a rate-dependent viscous material. From physical experiments and computer simulations, it is known that this constitutive relation is a consequence of the shear rate, the solid concentration, and the micromechanical properties of the particles. Simple shear tests of granular materials show that in the rate-independent case, a shearing granular assembly forms crystallized regions and shearing occurs locally in a narrow band. In the rate-dependent case, these crystallized zones "melt" and the whole granular assembly participates in the shear motion. This study utilizes computer simulation to address yet another effect on the constitutive relation: the sample size. A 2D uniform disk assembly is simulated using periodic boundary conditions. Through investigating details of the kinematics the source of the transition is examined from a rate-independent to a rate-dependent fluid as the sample size ...


Both in their lives and in their productions, the Frenchman Jean Eugene Auguste Atget and the American Man Ray are at poles, for one lived a nearly anonymous existence and practiced straight photog...


Summary form only given. Polymer structure plays a key role in electrical conductivity of poly(alkylthiophenes). The transport properties of conducting polymers depend drastically on the extend of intramolecular and intermolecular /spl pi/n-orbital overlap and on steric effects. Many kinds of synthetic methods were performed leading to different structure regularities and were studied in relation to their electrical conductivity behaviour: a) standard synthetic method by oxidative coupling with FeCl/sub 3/ giving random regiospecific structures, b) regiospecific synthetic method leading to regioregular polymers, c) reduction of the number of alkyl side chains in a regular way, d) Grignard-reagents coupling method, and e) copolymers of 3-rnethylthiophene and different alkylthiophenes. The doping of polymers was photoinitiated with optically dissociative materials (onium salts) which are incorporated with the basic poly(alkylthiophene) polymer in the spinning solution. The conditions of light exposure (wavelength range, exposure dose) and the concentration of photodopant used have been optimized to enhance the electrical conductivity as well as its stability. We report the results for these different structures. The influence of different atmospheres (nitrogen, dry air, humid air) and the effect of temperature on the degradation of the conductivity have also been studied. Under ambient conditions, a relative conductivity /spl sigma//spl sigma/sub o/, better than 1 has been found after more than 1000 hours, with a conductivity about 0.5 S/cm. High-resolution conducting patterns have been realized by microlithography techniques and their possible use in microelectronics have been investigated.


As the model is a positive system (namely its state variables can never become negative if the system is initialized at generic non-negative conditions), the bifurcation from stable to unstable of the diseasefree equilibrium (DFE) X0 = [0, 0, 0, 0] T , i.e. a state of the system characterized by the absence of the parasite, can only occur via an exchange of stability. This implies that the DFE switches from being a 5