Abstract Seeds of southern seaoats (Uniola paniculata L.) were removed from storage at 4C (39F) and stratified (moist-prechilled) for 0, 15, or 30 days at 4C (39F). Following stratification, seeds were germinated at 25C (77F) or 30C (86F) or at 8/16 hr thermoperiods of 30/20C (86/68F) or 35/25C (95/77F) with daily photoperiods at each temperature of 0 (total darkness), 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 hr. Germination was recorded every 3 days for 30 days. Light had no effect on germination. Regardless of photoperiod the influence of light was nonsignificant (P = 0.45). On the other hand, temperature and stratification were significant (P = 0.0001) and there was a significant interaction (P = 0.001) between the two parameters. Averaged across all treatments, the highest total germination was realized at 35/25C (95/77F) (60%) followed by 30/20C (86/68F) (48%), 30C (86F) (37%), and 25C (77F) (31 %). Stratification was not a requirement for germination but stratification for 15 days increased the rate of germination but no...


In all cases where neutron fluctuations in a branching process (such as in multiplicity measurements) are treated in an energy dependent description, the energy correlations of the branching itself (energy correlations of the fission neutrons) need to be known. To date, these are not known from experiments. Such correlations can be theoretically and numerically derived by modelling the details of the fission process. It was suggested earlier that the fact that the prompt neutrons are emitted from the moving fission targets, will influence their energy and angular distributions in the lab system, which possibly induces correlations. In this paper the influence of the neutron emission process from the moving targets on the energy correlations is investigated analytically and via numerical simulations. It is shown that the correlations are generated by the random energy and direction distributions of the fission fragments. Analytical formulas are derived for the two-point energy distributions, and quantitative results are obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations. The results lend insight into the character of the two-point distributions, and give quantitative estimates of the energy correlations, which are generally small.


This paper aims to identify the effects of the disclosure of corruption events on the market values of companies listed on the Brazilian Stock Exchange. For this purpose, we applied the event studies methodology to evaluate the influence of exposing the phases of one of the most extensive Brazilian anti-corruption operations the Lava Jato Operation on the cumulative abnormal return of shares, both of the companies cited in the investigations (direct involvement) and of those listed in the same segments as the cited companies. Results indicate that the Lava Jato Operation reduced the market values of the companies directly involved in the corruption scandals above market variations. For the other companies in the concerned segments, there was a positive effect on the cumulative abnormal returns. Such results suggest that the onset of anti-corruption operations such as the Lava Jato Operation has the potential to reduce pricing differences that exist between companies that directly participate in fraudulent contracts and other companies in the same segments. This pricing adjustment may be associated with the correction made by the market due to losses in competiveness caused by unfair competition.


This article reviews current developments in Soviet mathematical psychology and relates them to the very extensive extant literature in the United States. Programmatic articles of this kind are frequent in Soviet journals. They serve the dual purpose of highlighting current areas of concern and pointing to probable future areas of growth. Mathematics in large doses is now a standard part of the Soviet psychologist's education, and can be counted on to be an important feature of future psychological research.


The notion <<individual stability>> of Pareto equilibrium of objections and counter objections in one differential linear-quadratic 3-person game without side payments is used. The explicit form corresponding equilibrium is found.


The present paper examines the principles of the language policy designed in the Kingdom of Prussia at the junction of the 18th-19th centuries. This research aims to identify the main factors affecting the introduction of the Lithuanian language as the official regional language in the Kingdom of Prussia and to evaluate the parameters applied to such language planning. The main research objects in this study are the prefaces to Christian Gottlieb Mielcke's dictionary Littauisch-deutsches und Deutsch-littauisches Wörter-Buch (1800) and the archival material of the end of the 18th century, which provide information on the preconditions, directions, goals, and objectives of the language policy of the time.The politics favorable to the Lithuanian language was preconditioned by the political changes in the 18th century. After the third partition of the Commonwealth of the Two Nations (1795) and with the annexation of Užnemunė to Prussia, the range of the Lithuanian language use expanded, and the ideas of regional particularism strengthened.Christoph Friedrich Heilsberg, the author of the third preface to Mielcke's dictionary, a counsellor in the Königsberg Chamber of War and Domains, and an inspector of East Prussian schools, was well aware of the Lithuanian attitudes to the influence of language on identity, motives for language learning, legislation, and the potential of schools and churches. On the grounds of this versatile expertise, he undertook language status planning.With regards to Mielcke's observation about civil servants who need to learn Lithuanian and the Lithuanian approach to language, Heilsberg took a practical position on language planning. He suggested expanding the Lithuanian language use in the public sphere rather than considering the idea of German as a common state language. At Heilsberg's initiative, the Lithuanian language had to be used in such important areas as education, church, law, business, and administration. Heilsberg sought to ensure that it did not lose its cultural or administrative functions. Such plans presuppose the status of Lithuanian as an official regional language, equivalent to linguistic autonomy, where the language of a national minority has political autonomy and coexists with the official language of the state.Heilsberg initiated not only the development but also the implementation of language policy. He developed the directions and measures of corpus planning: to help non-Lithuanians to learn Lithuanian, he encouraged Mielcke to prepare a Lithuanian-German and German-Lithuanian dictionary and supervised the publication of a Lithuanian grammar and a collection of sermons. This highlights the priorities of his education policy, which aimed to develop the language skills of teachers and priests, and to create conditions for civil servants working in the province to learn the Lithuanian language.Three statements of Heilsberg as a high-ranking state official were important for increasing the prestige of the Lithuanian language: 1) language is a guarantor of identity; 2) provincial languages must be learned by civil servants and not vice versa; and 3) language must be nurtured.The author of the fourth preface to Mielcke's dictionary, the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, raised the criterion of language purity. Considering that only pure language is important for the maintenance of the nation's distinctiveness, for science, and especially history, he emphasized the need to preserve the purity of language and proposed two ways to achieve this: to use pure language in schools and churches, and to expand the domains of its use.This is the earliest attempt in the history of Prussian Lithuanian culture to give the Lithuanian language the status of an official regional language. Such policy ensured its functioning in all spheres of public life, its use in the education system, and created conditions for maintaining identity.


Pure ZnO and (3, 5,7wt. %) Fe doped ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrate using pulse laser deposition (PLD) technique. The deposition was carried out using Q-switched Nd: YAG Laser(1064nm) as the light source. The structure and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-Vis spectrometer measurements. XRD patterns show films have a polycrystalline wurtzite structure. It can be seen from AFM that the average grain size, roughness and RMS increased with increasing doping concentration of Fe .Optical properties investigation found that high transparent of thin films in the visible wavelength region. Band gap of pure ZnO the films has been found to be 3.02 eV and 2.52 eV for 7 wt. %Fe doped ZnO films. The refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (Ke)is increased as the concentration of Fe increased.


Desmanthus spp. have been released for the more favoured environments of southern Queensland and offer the possibility of fulfi lling the role of Stylosanthes in the semi-arid clay soil Mitchell grass bioregion of western Queensland. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the potential of Desmanthus spp. to enhance liveweight gains and wool production of sheep grazing Mitchell grass. Thirty-six Merino wethers in individual metabolism cages were fed a basal diet of 600 g/hd/d of Mitchell grass plus mineral, alone or supplemented with 200 g hay of one of 4 Desmanthus spp. accessions, or Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano. The basal diet supplied 7.96 g/d N and the supplemented diets 8.73–12.43 g/d N, and N retention was 5.16 g/d on the basal diet and 4.82–7.29 g/d on the supplemented diets. All sheep lost weight during the study, with greater losses (P<0.05) on the Control diet. Wool growth varied from 0.53 mg/cm 2 /d for the Control to 0.71 mg/cm 2 /d for the diet containing D. virgatus CPI 78382. Verano stylo and the Desmanthus accessions had similar benefi cial effects on wool growth. These results associated with the agronomic adaptation of Desmanthus genotypes to the Mitchell grass bioregion suggest that these legumes have potential to improve wool growth in that area.


With a urban-rural correlation degree evaluation index system,based on principal component analytical method,it was conducted vertical and horizontal comparative analysis of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration county urban-rural relational degree.12 counties can be divided into three types,including higher type,general type and lower type.The shape of space structure presents north high low south,centripetal gathered.In recent five years,Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration county urban-rural relational level is stable increasing,while rural development is fluctuated reduce.It is proposed to promote Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration county urban-rural association development countermeasures from the countryside,cities,urban-rural coordinative angle.


The transition towards sustainable cities cannot be solved by individual stakeholders and organisations acting alone. Better governance for tackling such complex problems, including policy change and innovation adoption, will require purposeful collaboration. This is particularly evident in projects that involve integration across scales. Our case-study research compared six water-related innovations in large cities in Australia, the Netherlands, and the US. We found that government agencies, water utilities, professional organisations, and industry innovators were all vital actors, along with supportive community education. In the initiation phase of innovation, informal networks were used by sustainable innovation champions to galvanise support. As pilot projects emerged, more formal supportive processes and financial incentives were crucial. For large projects and for the mainstreaming of pilot projects, the role of formal coordination and integration mechanisms became vital for coherent and successful implementation. Various forms of network-based collaborative work were utilised, but the designation of a key coordinating organisation was found to be helpful in maintaining focus and momentum. Coordination activities across organisations, scales, and time were enhanced by the strength of core values and culture, such as valuing stakeholder engagement, innovation, flexibility, and having a focus on outcomes. Overall, this research demonstrated the need to continually evaluate the innovation process to ensure that key ingredients (suitable for each context) are implemented in a timely manner to strengthen the process and enable effective and purposeful collaboration.


Buds selected at different developmental stages of a new germplasm sterile male of non-heading Chinese cabbage and its maintainer lines were studied.Anthers were collected,made into paraffin sections,stained,and observed by electron microscopy.Results show that non-heading Chinese cabbage sterile male lines and maintainer lines exhibited quite different anther development.Male sterile lines in relation to anther development were inhibited at the stage of archesporial cell,produced only 1-3 anther sacs,and formed normal sporogenous cells.The cells gradually disintegrated,formated cavity,and finally shrunk inward.The maintainer archesporial cells formed normal anther sacs,formed sporogenous cell,and ultimately formed anthers with normal pollen.


information. Reading is one of skill of English. Reading comprehension means the ability to read the text, to understand the content of the text, and to get information from the text. Reading should get more attention because there are many students who get difficulties in comprehending English text. The English teacher should be creative to choose kind of technique in teaching reading. Hopefully, the students can comprehend English text easily. Numbered Heads Together technique is one of teaching technique which can be a consideration for English teacher in teaching reading because the students are involved in reviewing the material covered in the lesson and in checking their understanding of lesson content.
The purpose of this research is to find out if there is significant difference between reading comprehension of eleventh grade students of SMA NU AL Ma'ruf Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 taught by using Numbered Heads Together (NHT) and Three Phase Technique.
The population of this research is eleventh grade students of SMA NU AL Ma'ruf Kudus in academic year 2011/2012. This research is an experimental research. The writer uses the design of control group. The experimental group is used to find out reading comprehension of eleventh grade students of SMA NU AL Ma'ruf Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 who are taught by using Numbered Heads Together (NHT) and control group is used to find out reading comprehension of eleventh grade students of SMA NU AL Ma'ruf Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 who are taught by using Three Phase Technique.
Based on the analyzing data, it was found that reading comprehension of eleventh grade students of SMA NU AL Ma'ruf Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 taught by using Numbered Heads Togeher (NHT) is categorized excellent. The mean is 85.65 and the standard deviation is 10.36. While, reading comprehension of eleventh grade students of SMA NU AL Ma'ruf Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 taught by using Three Phase Technique is categorized good. The mean is 78.96 and the standard deviation is 10.47. Moreover, the calculation of t-observation (t_o) is 2.76 and in the level significant 0.05, t-table (t_t) is 1.99. Because t-observation (t_o) is higher that t-table (t_t) (t_o > t_t), it means that there is significant difference between reading comprehension of eleventh grade students of SMA NU AL Ma'ruf Kudus in academic year 2011/2012 taught by using Numbered Heads Together (NHT) and Three Phase Technique.
Based on the result of this research, the writer suggests that the English teacher should use Numbered Heads Together as kind of teaching technique, especially in teaching reading because it can give positive effect for the students. It can encourage mutual helpfulness in the groups and the active participation of the students.


Background: Heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, are absorbed through contaminated food sources and water. Few studies have investigated the extent to which dietary heavy metals are associated with low bone mineral density. Aims: We aimed to characterize the dietary intake of the heavy metals lead, cadmium and mercury among healthy, non-smoking postmenopausal women in Spain. Furthermore, we sought to establish a putative relationship between bone health and the intake of these heavy metals in this population. Study Design: The daily intake of the heavy metals considered for the different food groups was calculated by accounting for food content and consumption in 281 postmenopausal women. Bone measurements were performed using a Quantitative Bone Ultrasound (QUS), a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and a Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). Results: The average estimated dietary cadmium exposure among the 281 women studied was 29.87 μg/day (20.41–41.04) and 3.03 μg/kg body weight (b.w.; 2.17–4.40). Dietary lead exposure was 46.24 μg/day (38.11–54.77) and 4.87 μg/kg b.w. (4.00–6.14). The estimated dietary mercury exposure was 11.64 μg/day and 1.19 μg/kg b.w. (0.82–1.76). Participants were classified according to their heavy metal intake (above or below the respective medians). After further adjustment for potential confounding factors, no significant differences were found in all the measured parameters (p > 0.05). Conclusions: We did not find associations between bone health and the dietary intake of three heavy metals in postmenopausal women. Dietary intake of the measured heavy metals were within the recommended values.


This paper describes an implementation of gradient-domain processing for editing the geometry of triangle meshes in 3D. We show applications to mesh smoothing and sharpening and describe anisotropic extensions that enable edge-aware processing.


Reservoir Characterization Using Wavelet Transforms. (December 2003) Nestor Rivera Vega, B.S., Universidad Industrial de Santander; M.S., The University of Texas at Austin Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Jerry L. Jensen Automated detection of geological boundaries and determination of cyclic events controlling deposition can facilitate stratigraphic analysis and reservoir characterization. This study applies the wavelet transformation, a recent advance in signal analysis techniques, to interpret cyclicity, determine its controlling factors, and detect zone boundaries. We tested the cyclostratigraphic assessments using well log and core data from a well in a fluvio-eolian sequence in the Ormskirk Sandstone, Irish Sea. The boundary detection technique was tested using log data from 10 wells in the Apiay field, Colombia. We processed the wavelet coefficients for each zone of the Ormskirk Formation and determined the wavelengths of the strongest cyclicities. Comparing these periodicities with Milankovitch cycles, we found a strong correspondence of the two. This suggests that climate exercised an important control on depositional cyclicity, as had been concluded in previous studies of the Ormskirk Sandstone. The wavelet coefficients from the log data in the Apiay field were combined to form features. These vectors were used in conjunction with pattern recognition techniques to perform detection in 7 boundaries. For the upper two units, the boundary was detected within 10 feet of their actual depth, in 90% of the wells. The mean detection performance in the Apiay field is 50%. We compared our method with other traditional techniques which do not focus on selecting optimal features for boundary identification. Those methods resulted in


In the technological balance of payments, annual flow of revenues (exports) and payments (imports) between a country and the remainder of the world is recorded as Technical Assistance and Royalties. By technical assistance is meant services provided, generally by engineers and technicians, for the design, setting up and operation of industrial plants and for the professional training of the workforce. The royalties are the payments or revenues by way of use, enjoyment and assignment of a patent.


WEIGHING IN AT466,000 pounds, this 12-foot, 10-inch by 100-foot stainless steel steam tube dryer is the larg e s t rotary steam tube dryer in Davenport Machine's 115-year history. It was built by Boilermakers, of course – out of Local 83, Kansas City, Mo. It took two 60-foot long flat rail cars with specially designed pivoting saddles to deliver the dryer. Located in Davenport, Iowa, the company employs 15 Local 83 members who produce dryers for the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and mineral p rocessing industries. Chartered in 1916, Local 83 has re p resented employees at Davenport Machine since 1947. ❑ R e p o rt e r the Boilerm a k e r Vol. 37 No. 6 Nov • Dec 1998


The invention discloses a smart bracelet capable of changing colors along with the action frequency. The smart bracelet comprises a CPU (Central Processing Unit) module, a color light module, a display module, a three-dimensional acceleration sensor module, a power supply module, a battery and one or more of a Bluetooth module or a WIFI (Wireless Fidelity) module; the CPU module is connected with the power supply module, the color light module, the display module and the three-dimensional acceleration sensor module; meanwhile, the power supply module is connected with the battery; the CPU module is connected with one or more of the Bluetooth module or the WIFI module. The invention aims at adding a color changing function under the condition of increasing extremely-low cost, so that the selling point of the smart bracelet is improved.


Abstract De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (1821), translated and adapted by Baudelaire as Un Mangeur d'Opium in Les Paradis artificiels (1860), presciently anticipated two antithetical types of discourse on drugs: the first, a Romantic, subversive literary discourse that valorizes drugs as a creative muse or 'idéal'; the second, a normative medical discourse that stigmatizes drugs as addictive ('spleen'). This article argues that, despite their ostensibly divergent positions, both these discourses are in fact undermined by the same cultural prejudice: namely, an artistic elite should be afforded special dispensation for drug-taking on the grounds of its inherent and undisputed genius. However, an alternative, more nuanced, position on drugs is provided by Baudelaire, whose assimilation of both medical and literary discourses in the 1840s paved the way for his pragmatic realignment of genius with childhood rather than madness, a realignment that not only partially anticipates Freud, but also allows for a more ethically responsible rehabilitation of opium use.


In religious studies, many scholars prefer methodological agnosticism over methodological naturalism, as agnosticism apparently avoids ontological commitments that would offend religious practitioners; as such, it perhaps is more amenable to the often implicit goals of interfaith understanding or conciliation. However, this chapter will argue that methodological agnosticism, if it were taken seriously, would incapacitate not only critical scholarship but practically any form of scholarship. Most forms of critique are necessarily at odds with the claims of some informants, e.g., to say that gender is "socially constructed" or "performed" fundamentally contradicts the claims of many who would insist that gender differences are divinely inscribed on our bodies. Similarly, to say that archaeology suggests that the Exodus story is fictional or that the four gospels hold competing views is to contradict a wide variety of ontological claims about the divine inspiration of Christian scripture. In addition, even mere description incurs ontological commitments. Simply to describe Christianity as a cultural tradition that has changed over time is to commit oneself to the ontological view that it does not have an unchanging essence; to describe it as unchanging incurs essentialist ontological commitments; to suggest that there is no such thing as Christianity in itself, opting to restrict oneself to describing subjects who merely assert identity claims about "Christianity," would entail a third set of commitments. In sum, retreat to agnostic description is a logical impossibility. In conclusion I will suggest thatmethodological naturalism is the only remaining option that is both intellectually honest and admissible in a modern university context.


This chapter investigates some of the axes of parallelism that were drawn up during the quarrel of the ancient and moderns: historical, linguistic, technical and aesthetic. Its focus is on a French text that slightly precedes the main period of the querelle, Roland Freart de Chambray's Parallele de l'architecture antique avec la moderne (Paris, 1650) and its English translation by John Evelyn (1664). The Parallele exemplifies a mode of comparative, critical inquiry that was characteristically modernistic. But its translation and publication in England lifted it into cultural context in many ways at odds with that from which it came, and the consequence was a twisting or refraction of its meanings that tells us much about the differences between the French and English modes of the ancients-moderns quarrel. A further set of distorting parallels are provided by Vitruvian architecture's own equivocal position on the fault-line between ancient and modern technology, and between degraded techne and liberal praxis arts. These parallels correspond with similar tensions within the broader experimental and socio-mechanical project instituted in the Royal Society, of which Evelyn was an active member during the 1660s.


The 304L stainless steel and 70 steel were treated by Si-Ca and Si-Ca-Ba alloys in laboratory and industrial test.The results of OM/SEM observations and tests for mechanical properties showed that the as-cast structure of the stainless steel treated by Si-Ca-Ba alloy is refined remarkably,and the lamellar thickness of pearlitic structure in 70 steel decreases with the pearlitic morphology showing clustering distribution because barium can change the surface energy of grains as a strong surface active element.Only a few bit of barium is found in steel and the enrichment of barium-bearing precipitated phase mostly lies on the grain boundary and phase boundary,thus improving the lattice misfit and preventing the movement of grain boundary and dislocation during heat-treatment and deformation.Therefore,the strength and toughness of barium-treated steels can be improved by the effects of intercrystalline strengthening and nail-prick dislocation.


Previous studies have explained the demand for skills, usually measured by schooling attainment, by either factor price substitution, capital-skill complementarity, or technology-skill complementarity. The authors explore this demand with direct job-based measures of cognitive (CS), interactive (IS), and motor (MS) skills in a single model that includes all three sets of possible determinants. The results raise doubts about the adequacy of schooling as a measure of skill and TFP growth as an index of technical change. The authors find little support for capital-skill complementarity; capital-intensity and its growth are significantly inversely related to CS and MS levels and growth. Technical change is unambiguously linked to increasing CS, rising professional/technical shares, and declining operative/laborer shares. The effects on MS and IS are mixed, but young capital increases craft shares, and computer-intensity decreases supervisory and clerical/service shares. Copyright 1992 by Oxford University Press.


Breast cancer is the most common global malignancy found in women and likewise so in Poland; newly diagnosed cases being respectively ≈ 1.7 million and 17 thousand annually. For the last 30 years, population screening has been adopted in the developed world. In Poland, breast screening attendance is however around 45%, what is still lower than in highly developed countries (above 70%). Breast cancer mortality has also declined more slowly in Poland. Following the introduction of breast screening, the rapid decreases in mortality demonstrated in Western Europe and the USA prove its effectiveness. Observations and data accumulated over many years through screening have nevertheless generated debate regarding overdiagnosis and overtreatment of breast cancer. This issue has been summarised in the WHO Position Paper that recommends continuing breast screening whilst also ensuring that patients are able to make informed decisions.


Bus emissions have become one of the important contributing factors in urban environmental pollution due to the frequent use of heavy-duty diesel engines in the day-time. Local bus driving cycles have a significant influence on bus emissions under the different traffic conditions. This study investigated the operation mode distributions and emission characteristics for urban buses based on localized MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) using sparse Global Position System (GPS) data in Shanghai, China. Sparse GPS data from forty-three buses were prepared, and then bus trajectories were reconstructed to calculate local bus driving cycles, including model description, model calibration, and trajectory reconstruction. MOVES localization was conducted for emission estimation mainly focusing on the bus emission inventory comparison between US and China. Bus emission factors were estimated based on the localized MOVES from the aspect of different driving conditions. Results show that with the increase in average traveling speed, the proportion of idling operation mode showed a decreasing trend. Four typical vehicle operation mode distributions were identified with different average speeds to show the impact of traffic conditions. Bus emission factors first rapidly decreased and then slowly declined towards some minimum values. Bus lanes exhibited emission reduction benefits under serious traffic congestion. The findings of this study have great importance for transportation operation management and policy-making to reduce bus emissions, as well as improving air quality.


Teen dating violence (TDV), the physical, sexual or psychological violence that occurs within the context of heterosexual or same-sex dating relationships, is a substantial public health problem in the United States. While the association of TDV victimization with adverse outcomes is documented in a number of cross-sectional studies, longitudinal work on this topic is limited. The present study examined the association of TDV with a broad range of adverse outcomes 5 years postvictimization, using the first three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n=5,681). Physical and psychological TDV victimization were assessed at Wave 2 when participants were in grades 8-12, and adverse outcomes were assessed approximately 5 years later (Wave 3), when participants were aged 18-27. Outcomes explored in this study included substance use (smoking, heavy episodic drinking, marijuana use and other drug use), sexual risk, depression, self-esteem, adult intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, suicidal behaviors (attempts and ideation), antisocial behaviors and extreme weight control behaviors. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear and logistic regression models. Compared to participants reporting no TDV at Wave 2, participants reporting Wave 2 TDV victimization had increased rates of depression, other drug use, heavy episodic drinking, antisocial behaviors, suicidal ideation and IPV victimization at Wave 3, when controlling for race, age, socioeconomic status, child maltreatment, pubertal status and gender. We also considered results for the subset of victims experiencing psychological aggression only and for the subset of victims experiencing both physical and psychological aggression. In the psychological aggression subgroup, Wave 2 victimization was related to substance use, antisocial behaviors, suicidal ideation and IPV victimization at Wave 3, while in the subset of individuals experiencing both


The indenylidene−imidazolylidene complexes of ruthenium (IMes)(PR3)Cl2Ru(3-phenylindenylid-1-ene) and (IPr)(PR3)Cl2Ru(3-phenylindenylid-1-ene) (IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene, IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene, and R= Ph, Cy) were prepared and found to be efficient catalyst precursors for ring-closing metathesis.


The reflection at a stress‐free boundary of the third harmonic of an ultrasonic wave has been observed. A maximum in the amplitude of the third harmonic is observed after four reflections from the stress‐free boundary, contrary to theoretical expectations. Measurements under vacuum indicate that this is not due to a loading effect of the air in the capacitance detector used to measure the harmonic amplitude. It is noted that the harmonic generation is due almost entirely to dislocations in the crystal.


Abstract : This paper presents the text of a manuscript to be published as a chapter in a monograph of the symposium entitled 'Land Application of Waste Materials,' sponsored by the Soil Conservation Society of Ameria. The paper is divided into two sections: waste materials generated by the dredging process and by the construction and demolition processes. Quantities and the general physical and chemical characteristics of the waste materials for each process are described. The potential use of these materials for land application for agricultural production is discussed as well as other potential uses such as land improvement, wildlife habitat development, recreational facilities, and industrial and residential landfill. The environmental impact of using these materials is described with emphasis on the legal restrictions as well as the social and psychological concerns to be considered. Certain dredged material will no doubt be beneficial to specific land application sites. However, all dredged material will not be suitable for land application. The dilemma to be reconciled is to determine which dredge material and application sites are environmentally compatible. Information is being generated through the Dredged Material Research Program, under the direction of the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss. This information coupled with sound scientific management should achieve productive uses of dredged material that are technically satisfactory, environmentally compatible, and economically feasible. (Author)


Objective To observe the efficacy,safety in treatment with icotinib as first- line therapy with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods Twenty- one patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled in the study. All the patients treated with icotinib 125 mg,po,three times a day. The response rate,clinical symptom and toxicity were observed until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results No patient appeared complete response,nine patients appeared partial response,nine patients appeared stable disease and three patients had progressive disease. The objective response rate was42. 9 %,and the disease control rate was 85. 7 %. Median Time to Progress was 7. 2 months. The main toxicity were skin rash and diarrhea. Conclusion Icotinib as first- ling therapy is an effective in the treatmean of advanced non- small cell lung cancer. All of patients are well- tolerated.


A storage compartment (2) for the interior of a motor vehicle comprises a storage space (3), which from a base (5) and a plurality of side walls (6) is enclosed and at least one side an opening (7) for inserting an object (4) having. At least one of the side walls (6) has at least one movable portion (8) on which one gives way upon exceeding specific to the same applied force to provide a by means of the movable portion (8) of the storage space delimited (3) receiving space (9) for release the article (4).


This article considers the literature and challenges of working memory deficit. Specifically it critiques the published resource intervention Memory Magic.


One of the primary goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) is for every society to have an adequate supply of safe drinking water. This work aimed to assess the radiological and toxicity impact of ground water of Wurno Local Government Area. Uranium activity concentration from 45 water samples collected from different locations in the study area were determined using HpGe   detector, the result from the analysis was used to evaluate the annual effective dose due to ingestion of groundwater from the study area by the inhabitants.  Radiological and chemical toxicity risks were also calculated. High level activity was reported in Diggim while low activity level was reported in Nassarawa-Daje. The annual effective doses for adult, children and infants were estimated to be from 0.008 mSvy-1 to 0.32 mSvy-1. The highest risk cancer mortality value was found at Diggim with a value of 4.34 × 10-4 while the lowest value was observed at Nassarawa Daje with a value of 1.17 × 10-5. Chemical toxicity value ranged from 0.59 – 21. 79 µg.kg-1.day-1 with an average dose value of 5.12 µg.kg-1.day-1. The lifetime average daily dose (LADD) values were reported to be higher at Diggim and lower at Nassarawa-Daje with the values 21.79 µg.kg-1.day-1 and 0.59 µg.kg-1.day-1 respectively compared with 0.6 µg.kg-1.day-1 WHO limit standard. Significantly, the high activity level, and chemical toxicity risk reported from this study is an indication that the area may have developed some fractures of granitic strata in the subsurface geology that contributed to the wide distribution of radiation dose.


Abstract This paper reviews the background and current development of nonlinear dynamics and chaos as it applies to the soil-plant-atmosphere system (SPAS). We build the case that such processes are likely common in the SPAS and offer the possibility that the phenomena constituting chaotic dynamics are the underlying biophysical basis for sustainability of natural ecological and agricultural systems. Recent experiments that illuminate this viewpoint are described, along with data analysis methodology. It is concluded that a fuller understanding will require interdisciplinary research devoted to an improved understanding of complex system behaviour. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the conference. Keywords : Nonlinear; Dynamics; Chaos; Soil; Root; Atmosphere 1. Introduction The coupled and interacting system composed of the plant, root, soil, microbes and surrounding atmosphere, which is vital to agriculture, is fascinating in its complexity [1-3, 52]. The anticipated climate change during the present century adds urgency to our search for improved understanding of complex natural and agricultural soil-plant-atmosphere systems (SPAS) [4, 70]. Innovative agricultural developments of the past and current centuries led to impressive production increases along with increased sensitivity to future environmental variables [46, 47]. The concepts of ____________


Based on the fracture of loco axle made by 40Cr steel,the macro / micro fracture feature and microstructure of the axle have been investigated.The character and inherent origin of fracture in the axle also have been discussed.It is regarded that the fracture of the axle belonged to rotating-bending fatigue which originated from the root of R8,Not having been quenched,both the wearing band and micro-crack existing on the surface of R8 caused rotating-bending fatigue fracture of the axle.


Objective To prepare Indapamide Microporous Osmotic Pump Tablets (INDP MPOPT) and to study their in vitro release mechanism. Methods The in vitro release was determined with different coat films, tablet cores, release medium, and other changes in conditions, and the mechanism of release was studied. Results The in vitro release behavior of INDP MPOPT complied with zero order release rule. Different clothes film, cores, and osmotic pressures had significant influence on drug release. While the pH value of dissolution medium, dissolution method, and rotation speed had less effect. Conclusion The release kinetics derives from the difference of the osmotic pressure across the membrance and drug release is through the micropores in the coat film.


This article is fueled by irritation with obscurantism in and posturing around 'theory' in contemporary anthropology. It examines three examples of contemporary anthropological production that build on what has become a cult reference in this regard, the incomprehensible A Thousand Plateaus by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. These examples involve the reconceptualization of crafting (Ingold), of causation (Remme) and of the rhizome (Mueller), each of which mobilizes Deleuze and Guattari's conceptual lexicon in a specific and distinct way. Nourished by these examples, and despite her initial skepticism, the author concludes that the obscurity of Deleuze and Guattari's overwrought prose can nonetheless lead to interesting anthropological analyses that engage variously with this work to produce real theoretical and empirical insights. The article concludes, however, that the disciplinary economy of this production values 'theory' over and above attempts to describe 'reality'. Then, building on Boltanski's distinction between 'reality' and 'the world', it proposes what the author argues is a more useful mobilization of theory, dedicated to producing more accurate and just descriptions of the world we live in.


The testing and calibration procedures specified in the proposed standards for the test machines and hardness reference blocks for Universal hardness testing are compared with those specified in the current standards for the hardness testing of metallic materials. The calibration of the indenters used for Universal hardness testing, the measurement of the angles between their surfaces and the identification of possible defects on the surfaces of the indenter are all described. In addition, information is also given regarding possible methods of correcting the measurements obtained, the calibration requirements and newly developed types of hardness reference blocks (glass and advanced ceramics).


The number of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) devices has increased rapidly in recent years. Lithium-Ag2V4O11 (Silver Vanadium Oxide, SVO) has been used as a power source for ICD devices because it is a well-known, high-rate cathode material. However, increased functionality of recent ICD devices now requires a higher capacity material. We propose here a hybrid positive material system of (CF)n, a known high capacity material and Li1+xV3O8 (Lithium Vanadium Oxide, LVO), a known rechargeable and relatively high-rate capability material, to achieve a higher capacity and also high-rate capability battery. (CF)n has a theoretical discharge capacity of 864mAh/g that corresponds to the following reaction: (CF)n +Li +e → nC + nLiF (1) A cell that consists of only a (CF)n cathode can not supply enough power for ICD applications. Li1+xV3O8 has a theoretical capacity of 360mAh/g that corresponds to the following reaction: Li1+xV3O8 + 3Li + 3e ↔ Li4V3O8 (2) A cell that consists of only an LVO cathode can not supply enough capacity for ICD applications either. Fig. 1 shows the open circuit voltage of Li/(CF)n (a) and Li/LVO (b). After the (CF)n voltage becomes higher than the LVO voltage, the (CF)n is then able to recharge LVO according to the following reaction: Li1+yV3O8 + (CF)n → Li1+y-nV3O8 + nC + nLiF (3) In this study, we confirm the mechanism of LVO recharging by (CF)n and the possibility that this hybrid system is suitable for ICD applications.


In the study of the mechanism of the operation of economiclaws, and in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of economicrelations and processes, the systems-structural approach isof immense importance.Of particular importance to the qualitative analysis of economic relations and processes is the fact that the systemsstructural approach embraces the investigation of the object of research from the standpoint of the interaction of the whole and of the parts, of elements and subsystems, and their coordination and subordination.


Circulation ratio is very important to the running condition monitoring and key parameters controlling of circulating fluidized bed(CFB) boilers,however,the value is generally very difficult to be measured directly.To solve this problem,a soft-sensing method was proposed for the circulation ratio by establishing and simplifying balance equations through mechanism analysis of chemical process in the furnace and material recirculating process in the CFB boiler according to the law of mass conservation,based on which key intermediate variables were calculated,such as the fly ash content,separator efficiency and so on,and subsequently the circulation ratio was obtained by simulation.Results show that a linear relationship exists between the circulation ratio and the density of particles in dilute region per unit load;the calculated circulation ratio is quite approximate to the design value of CFB boiler,proving the soft-sensing method to be effective and available.


Objective To discuss teaching effect by commenting exam items of "Postgraduate Entrance Examination" and "Qualifications Examination of Medical Practitioners" in the orthopedics pedagogy.Method The contents of orthopedics in "Postgraduate Entrance Examination" and "Qualifications Examination of Medical Practitioners"were analysed and commented in the course of lectures.Result This method could be conducive to students' better comprehension of textbooks and efficient preparation for tests.Conclusion This integrative teaching method caters to the real needs of students by effectively boosting their attention and enthusiasm of learning.


Abstract Rat liver NAD kinase (ATP:NAD 2'-phosphotransferase, EC 220.127.116.11) was purified about 70-fold. The Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) for NAD and ATP were 8 x 10-4 m and 2 x 10-3 m, respectively. NAD kinase activity was markedly inhibited by NADH and also NADPH. The Ki of NADH was approximately 1 x 10-4 m, and that of NADPH was approximately 5 x 10-5 m. Both inhibitions were competitive with NAD, and the inhibition of NADH and NADPH was partially additive. NADP had little or no inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate (2 x 10-5 m) inhibited NAD kinase activity. This inhibition was reversed by 1-cysteine or 2-mercaptoethanol. The possible role of the reduced pyridine nucleotides in the control of NADP synthesis has been considered.


Taking some factual projects as the example,the paper optimizes the deep foundation pit support scheme and the rainfall scheme in the complicated circumstances by combining the engineering features and the previous experience,indicates the factual methods,so as to be fast and at low cost,and proves by the practice that it has better effect.


Asserting that young children often demonstrate challenging behaviors for any number of reasons, this paper presents strategies designed to prevent problem behaviors in young children. Basic principles for establishing a community of learners are discussed. Strategies for teaching children to negotiate, problem solve, and understand the viewpoints of others also are included. The paper also presents a number of research-based techniques designed to prevent negative behavior in children with persistent behavior problems. Behavioral analysis of the setting, events, behaviors, and consequences is explained. Specific techniques to pre-empt problem behaviors are then presented: the Premack Principle, high-probability request sequences, delay cues, and the use of paired distracters. Next, teaching alternative replacement behaviors for negative behaviors is discussed. Finally, the article emphasizes the importance of family involvement when helping young children to improve behavior. (Contains 18 references.) (Author/EV) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the on inal document.


The fundamental principle of the evolution of all material and element base of neural computing, in particular, is the preservation of the singularity of the mechanisms of its synthesis and functioning shown. The development of control algorithms and self-organization lies in the field of compatibility to singular processes and structures, where the neural associative computing has apparent advantages over the traditional.


We have found repeated illustrations in the maps of Total Tropospheric Ozone (TTO) of apparent transport of ozone from the Indian Ocean to the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Most interesting are examples that coincide with the INDOEX observations of late northern winter. Three soundings with the SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes) network help confirm and quantify degree of influence of pollution, lightning, and stratospheric sources, suggesting that perhaps 40% of increased Atlantic ozone could be Asian pollution during periods of maximum identified in the TTO maps. This analysis also indicates a mechanism for such extended transport. We outline recurrent periods of apparent ozone transport from Indian to Atlantic Ocean regions outside the late-winter period. Clearly brown-cloud aerosol affects tropospheric ozone, both limiting its chemical production and also potentially obscuring its detection by the TOMS instrument. Introductory statistical studies will be presented, evaluating the role of tropopause meteorology, aerosol, and other factors in the modifying the relationship between true tropospheric ozone measured by SHADOZ and the TTO product, with suggestions for extending the product.


Participation in local development has been one emphasis of decentralisation policy in Tanzania. With this policy, it is believed that the government sees the involvement of the people as a means and an important strategy for local development. However, since the independence of Tanzania in 1961 to the early 1990s little has been achieved. The latest effort to enhance participation is the implementation of a policy on local government reform in 2000. Based on the findings from the six cases, one could argue that the local government reform does not have a positive effect on participation or on local development.


In practice, biometric template protection schemes require favourable conditions, i.e. low intra-class variability [36]. Biometric template ageing, which has been most studied in the context of face recognition, causes increased intra-class variability [24], i.e. requirements on template protection do not coincide with ageing effects. In this work implications of ageing effects on template protection are discussed for various types of technologies and possible countermeasures are proposed. In a case study on iris biometric fuzzy commitment schemes the effects of ageing are investigated over a time period of two years. Experimental studies confirm recent investigations on iris template ageing effects [11], observing a significant decrease in the performance of fuzzy commitment schemes.


We present here a framework for developing a generic talking head capable of reproducing the anatomy and the facial deformations induced by speech movements with only a few parameters. Speech-related facial movements are controlled by six parameters. We characterize the skull and mandible variability by six and seven free parameters respectively. Speaker-specific skull, jaw and face data are normalized using generic meshes of these organs and a robust 3D-to-3D matching procedure. Further analysis of these normalized data is performed using a decomposition of the 3D variance based on iterative principal component analysis aimed at identifying and predicting kinematic consequences of anatomical settings.


Magnetic systems are currently considered attractive candidates in which to look for quantum phenomena such as the tunneling of the total magnetization of a small (∼100 A diameter) particle out of a metastable easy direction or between degenerate easy directions. The effect of nuclear spins as a dissipative environment for such a particle is considered and shown to be significant. Two dimensionless parameters characterize the dissipation: a coupling strength varying as the number of nuclear spins, and the ratio of the nuclear and electronic Larmor frequencies


To quantify an abstract concept we often use Likert summated rating scale of original or standardized variables in case the variables are relatively less abstract. When variables have different scales, standardized values tends to be used rather than the original values. This is also true in evaluating systems. For example, we may use standardized values of local tax levy, population, and etc. and use the summed value of the standardized values to access the degrees of development. In this paper, we propose using a data-driven weighted sum for a scoring system and the way how to obtain the weights. We apply the proposed method to a real data set and find that proposed method is better than the usual summated rating scale.


The dynamical generation of Dirac mass in the supersymmetric Nambu$-$Jona-Lasinio (SNJL) model with the seesaw mechanism of neutrino is investigeted. The right and left handed Majorana mass parameters are introduced into the SNJL model; we regard them as external model parameters. The question on the origin of these Majorana masses are set aside, and we concentrate on the examination of the effect of the Majorana mass parameters on the dynamical generation of Dirac mass. The effective potential of the model and the gap equation for the self-consistent determination of Dirac mass are derived and solved. We use both the four-dimensional covariant and three-dimensional non-covariant cutoff schemes for the regularizations of the effective potential. We find there are cases of the first and second order phase transitions with respect to variation of the coupling constant of the Nambu$-$Jona-Lasinio-type four-body interaction of the SNJL model. In the case of second-order phase transition, the dynamically generated Dirac mass $|\phi_{S}|$ can arbitrarily be small compared with the right-handed Majorana mass parameter $|M|$ and thus the seesaw condition $0<|\phi_{S}|\ll|M|$ can be satisfied by a fine tuning of the coupling constant, while at the first-order case it seems very difficult and/or "unnatural" to satisfy the condition. The numerical results do not depend on the difference of the cutoff schemes qualitatively.


Every day, around the world, a large percentage of people die from road accidents and falls. One of the reasons for a person's death during accidents is the unavailability of first aid, due to the delay in informing about the accident. Thus, in the case of incidents involving vehicles or falls, response time is crucial for the timely provision of emergency medical services. An effective approach intended to reduce the number of traffic-related deaths is: the use of a system for detecting and reporting the occurred accidents, as well as reducing the time between the occurrences of an accident and sending the first emergency respondents to the scene of the accident. This paper presents a recent study on mobile terminal solutions (smartphones) for detecting and preventing accidents (road, falls, bicycles) and systematic comparisons of existing solutions.


Since the use of fire became part of life, mankind has sought remedies to treat burns. The upper extremity, due to its frequency of exposure as the foremost organ in the everyday exploration of the environment and in manipulative and social interactions, is often involved. This article discusses the history of burn treatment.


The concentration profiles of species in silicon subjected to gallium and nitrogen co-implantation and subsequent annealing have been investigated by the method of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with the layer-by-layer ion etching of the implanted layer. It is shown that practically entire implanted gallium undergoes out-diffusion, but the preliminary implantation of nitrogen for the synthesis of a barrier SiNx layer makes it possible to avoid the essential loss of gallium. In this case, about 14 % of implanted gallium bond to nitrogen. The obtained data are discussed from the viewpoint of the possibility of ion synthesis of GaN inclusions in silicon matrix.


"Three Voices from the Galilee" is the third in a series of volumes meant to present the short fiction of Mohammad Naffaa, a political activist, Zaki Darwish, an educator, and Naji Daher, a journalist. These stories faithfully record the development of the various aspects of what is paradoxically called Israeli-Palestinian life. Readers of this volume will encounter serious stories strewn with light and humorous scenes and stories of intense love mixed with stories of the unusual. Story after story presents a different choice in terms of point of view, gender and setting. Each character is exciting and convincing. While casual readers of this volume will taste the flavor of a different culture, scholars interested in Arabic literature will be provided with new arenas for academic evaluations and critique.


The history of Russian-Thai relations has run for more than 100 years. Our relationships have experienced both decline and revival over this period. At the time of the Soviet Union the difference between the two political systems didn't let us develop the cooperation with Thailand actively. The state of affairs drastically changed after 1991. Nowadays political, economical, cultural and scientific ties are expanding year by year.


Protein phosphorylation mediated by checkpoint kinases is crucial for the cellular
response to DNA damage. The sensor kinases Mec1 and Tel1 initiate the checkpoint
signaling cascade by directly activating the checkpoint effector kinase Rad53. This
checkpoint pathway, however, is responsive to normal endogenous replication as
well. As a result an S-phase specific threshold for Rad53 activation exists, which
allows cells to tolerate endogenous damage-like structures.
Here we show that Rad53 itself is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner
independent of DNA damage signaling (Chapter 2). We propose that this is part of the
cell-cycle regulated sensitivity of Rad53 to activation. This phosphorylation occurs in
G2/M, persists until S phase onset and depends on both the polo-like kinase, Cdc5,
and the cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdc28. These cell-cycle dependent phosphorylation
events are located in the C-terminal part of Rad53. Serines 774 and 789 were shown
to be phosphorylated by mass spectrometry. Mutation of these sites eliminated the
cell-cycle dependent phosphorylation of Rad53 and partially impaired the activation
of Rad53 in response to minor amounts of DNA damage in G2/M. This led to more
rapid checkpoint adaptation in response to irreparable DNA damage. Thus, cell-cycle
dependent phosphorylation in the C-terminal part of Rad53 enhances Rad53
activation in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs).
Mec1 and Tel1 initiate a response to DNA damage independently of Rad53. The
phosphorylation of histone H2A at serine 129 (γH2A) at DSBs by Mec1 and Tel1 has
an important role in mediating DNA repair. This study shows that the occurrence of
γH2A is not limited to DSBs, but also occurs at stalled replication forks (Chapter 3).
Using chromatin immunoprecipitation high γH2A levels were monitored at
hydroxyurea-stalled replication forks and depended nearly exclusively upon Mec1
kinase activity. Furthermore our study showed that γH2A not only occurs at damaged
chromatin but in regions of normally replicating chromatin and near telomeres
(Chapter 4). High levels of γH2A could be monitored both in the rDNA of normally
growing yeast cells and at telomeres. Here γH2A depended mainly on Tel1 and
γH2A levels increased during S phase and during the elongation of critically short
telomeres. We also provide evidence that γH2A contributes to telomeric anchoring in
S phase yeast cells in addition to the yKu and Sir4 anchoring pathways.


The utility model discloses an auxiliary loading device for compressed column tests, which comprises a cutter hinge and a loading plate; the cutter hinge is provided with a cutter hinge plate and a cut on the cutter hinge plate; both end surfaces of the loading plate are respectively provided with a positioning block which is connected with a test piece end plate of a compressed column and a plurality of notches which are arranged in parallel and can be locked with the cut. The device can conveniently and quickly center and adjust the excentricity on demand, ensure to uniformly load and ideally hinge the test piece end of the compressed column, reduce the operation difficulty of traditional compressed column tests, improve the operation conditions and greatly improve the test efficiency.


Wood fiber was modified by grafting in order to improve the adhesion with PVC. The grafting was confirmed by X ray photo electronic spectroscopy (XPS). The tensile, bending, and impact strength of three kinds of modified wood fibers was compared. The effect of silane and NaOH was also studied.


Background: Renal cancer is less sensitive to traditional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Quercetin exhibits a broad-spectrum anti-cancer role and less side effects across different tumour types, but its effect in renal caner remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between renal cancer and Quercetin. Methods: Renal cancer ACHN cells were cultured and treated with different doses of Quercetin. Cell viability was tested by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Survivin expression was determined by Real time PCR and Western blot. Results: Quercetin significantly suppressed ACHN cell proliferation and induced early cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Quercetin significantly enhanced caspase 3 activity (P<0.05), but downregulated survivin mRNA and protein expression (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study has found that Quercetin may have anti-cancer effect as it induced renal cancer cell apoptosis possibly through inhibiting survivin expression and caspase 3 activation.


We focused on the development of paints with low infrared emissivity and low thermal conductivity. To achieve the goal, glass flakes coated with copper or silver were selected as additives. These were mixed in commercially available phthalic acid resin paint, and ordinary painting was carried out. The spectral infrared emissivity of metal-coated glass flakes added paints decreased to 0.75 or less. Particularly, for the 20 wt% Ag-coated glass flakes added paint, it was very effective as 0.37 in the middle infrared ray (4.5 μm) and 0.55 in the far infrared ray (11.5 μm). And the thermal conductivity also fell very well. The values of the 20 wt% Ag-coated glass flakes added paint and 20 wt% Cu-coated glass flakes added paint were 0.11, 0.08 [Wm −1 K −1 ] respectively. That is, by adding metal-coated glass flakes to the paint, we succeeded in reducing both infrared emissivity and thermal conductivity. Further, the specular reflectance (5° incidence) of infrared rays was very low at around 0.03 to 0.04, which was almost the same value as the base paint. From the microscope observation, the glass flakes were stacked and clogged. This would have resulted in the above performance.


In this arrangement at least a connecting rod (15) of thrust reverser door (13) on the internal structure of a fixed jet engine nacelle, said connecting rod (15) is connected to the inner fixed structure by elastic means (17).


Sprouts are rich in vitamins and minerals, what was known to the ancients. Because of this health-conscious customers prefer this kind of consumer's goods in the organic food store. Germination known several advantages, such as low cost of the seeds, the short duration of the germination, and because of the costumer can garminate at home at any time, in any season without special horticultural knowledge. The goal of our research is to investigate controlled sprouts and those affected by the natural environment, and measure the antioxidant capacity, content of chlorophyll and carotene. We found, that sprouts from our propagator had higher antioxidant capacity compared to the conventional method, the chlorophyll and carotene content increased with the temperature.


This paper develops group chain sampling plans (GChSP) for Exponential distribution when the life test is truncated at a pre-assumed time. The performances of the GChSP such as the number of minimum groups, g and probability of lot acceptance, L(p) are calculated by satisfying the consumers risk, β at a certain specified design parameter. Quality parameter is defined in terms of mean with assumptions that the test termination time, t0, the specified constant, a, the number of allowable preceding lots, i and the number of products, r are pre-fixed. An example is provided for illustrative purpose for the GChSP. The article continues with performances comparison between the GChSP and the group sampling plan (GASP). The article concludes that the GChSP has better performances compared to the GASP in terms of the number of minimum groups, g, the probability of lot acceptance, L(p), the cost and the inspection time. Received: November 3, 2017 Revised: July 16, 2018 Published: July 17, 2018 c © 2018 Academic Publications, Ltd. url: www.acadpubl.eu Correspondence author 492 M.A.P. Teh, N. Aziz, Z. Zain AMS Subject Classification: 62D05, 62D99


Being an emerging phenomenon, crowdfunding attracts great attention, but the reasons why people participate in the project are not fully understood. Especially in China, people do not trust each other. Systematic research is lacking, though, on why people trust the fund raisers and make investment decision. This research employs a qualitative approach, performing an in-depth analysis of a single case. Drawing on the perspective of identity orientation, we develop a process model that shows how investors trust has been formed and changed in different phases of crowdfunding. Through analysis of qualitative data, we found that fund raisers social network mobilization, third-party guarantee and media coverage all help to build the initial trust of investors, extending the scope of investors from a small circle of social connections to the general public. After the initial investment, investor's identity orientation moderates the relationship between project performance/interaction strategy and investor's trus...


Present research with the aim of the studying the efficacy of training of mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) in the reduction of occupying mothers in proportion to mother-infant has carried out. The way of the present search is a study quasi-experimental. The method of its pre-test and post-test with control and experimental groups. In this research, nurse mothers of Rasht with the tool of measurement, with high stress have been recognized and among them 30 persons of nurses who have achieved the highest rate of stress, in the way of convenience sampling, have been selected. Participants were administered by the Philip L. rice job stress questioner and parenting stress index (PSI) questioners. 15 persons as experimental group that were under training of mindfulness based stress reduction (Kabat-Zinn) have been located and 15 persons control group who have not been under intervention. From both group pre-test have taken, then experimental group were under training of mindfulness based stress reduction for 8 weeks, but, the controlled group didn't receive any training. The level of stress in both groups was assessed before and after the training. Information obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed by ANCOVA. The findings showed that mindfulness based stress reduction training influence in reduction of life stress of occupying mothers. Also the findings showed that mindfulness based stress reduction in the reducing of job stress of occupying mothers and in traits mother-infant are effective.


From 1944 to 1988, education, citizenship and democracy, Stewart Ranson the New Right and the National Curriculum - State control or Market Forces?, Geoff Whitty national assessment proposals - analyzing the debate, Roger Murphy opting for an uncertain future - grant maintained schools, Michael Flude and Meril Hammer from local financial management to local management of school, Hywel Thomas legislating for choice, Andrew Stillman neither rhyme nor reason - primary schooling and the National Curriculum, Kevin Brehony TVEI vocationalism and the crisis of liberal education, Robert Moore and Mike Hickox the reform of governing bodies - the power of the consumer over the producer?, Rosemary Deem race, schooling and the 1988 Education Reform Act, Jan Hardy and Chris Vieler-Porter girls' education in the balance - the ERA and inequality, Sheila Miles and Chris Middleton the Education Reform Act and special educational needs, Philippa Russel the Act and local authorities, R.Wallace learning to live under water - the Act and its implications for further and adult education, Lorna Unwin higher education, Gareth Williams.


PURPOSE: An apparatus for encoding and decoding a multi view point image and a method thereof are provided to encode depth information through prediction information which is created in multi view point video image decoding process. CONSTITUTION: A video encoding unit(501) encodes a multi view point image. A depth information video encoding unit(503) encodes the depth information image. An MV(Motion Vector) generator(505) creates a motion vector about the current frame of the first depth information image. An identity decision unit(507) determines the identity of the motion vector corresponding to the motion vector of the current frame and inter prediction. A flag bit encoding unit(509) encodes the flag bit which indicates the result of the identity determination.


A better understanding of wildfire spreading processes is expected both for long-term wildfire management planning and effective suppression strategies so that wildfires-caused losses in natural resources, endangered species, human lives and properties can be reduced. The cellular automaton (CA) method is useful and powerful for modeling natural and artificial systems in which the constituent parts are locally and tightly interacted. The temporal and spatial characteristics of wildfires make the CA method a preferred choice to model the temporal and spatial variability. In this study, hexagonal tessellation space was used to develop a CA model and then the Rothermers fire spreading model (1972) was integrated to the CA model to simulate wildfire-spreading processes spatially and temporally. The hexagon-based wildfire spreading CA model was verified with the experimental data and also tested using the data obtained in the southern part of Gansu province (China), and the comparison between the simulated results and observed data suggests that this CA-based model can be used to provide useful information for managing wildfires over heterogeneous landscapes


Based on characteristics of site environment,the paper explores how to use,reserve and coordinate the characteristics of site environment in the design process of residential district environment and to construct a type of environment conceiving frame which can be provided as analytical operation,thus forming systematic and efficient theoretical framework of overall design.


In recent years, music is an important media because it can relax us in our daily life. Therefore, most people listen to music frequently and current music websites offer online listening services. However, because the semantic gap, it is not easy to effectively retrieve the user preferred music especially from a huge amount of music data. For this issue, this paper presents a personalized content-based music retrieval system that integrates techniques of user-filtering and query-refinement to achieve high quality of music retrieval. In terms of user-filtering, the new user interest can be inferred by the user similarities. In terms of query-refinement, the user interest can be guided to the potential search space by iterative feedbacks. The experimental results show the proposed method does improve the retrieval quality significantly.


Present situation of crude electrodesalting both domestic and abroad was introduced,the crude was purified by adopting low-temperature demulsifire at low-temperature,after the problem of crude oil depth desalting was resolved with applying complete sets of electrodesalting equipment,hight-efficient and demetallization agent.By optimizing the technics situations, when desalting and dewatering, the content of salt in crude oil will reduce to less than 3mg·L -1.


The spin-orbit interaction for the $P$-state continuum of heavy alkali metals was investigated in a photoionization experiment using spin-polarized alkali atoms and circularly polarized light. From the asymmetry in ion-counting rates corresponding to the two photon helicities, Fano's spin-orbit perturbation parameter $x$ was determined over a range of several hundred angstroms for K, Rb, and Cs. The spin-orbit perturbation was found to increase from K to Rb to Cs as expected, and the nonlinear behavior of $x$ as a function of the photon energy $E$ was demonstrated for K. Knowledge of $x(E)$ was used to establish accurate values for the position of the Cooper minimum and to estimate the magnitude of the cross section at the minimum. In addition, the $x(E)$ data for Cs were used to gain information about the spin polarization of photoelectrons in a Fano-type polarized electron source. Finally, extrapolation of $x(E)$ for cesium into the discrete spectrum indicated the existence of a pole in the function $\ensuremath{\rho}(E)$ which corresponds to the doublet line-strength ratio $\ensuremath{\rho}({E}_{\mathrm{nP}})=\frac{S(n{P}_{\frac{3}{2}})}{S(n{P}_{\frac{1}{2}})}$ at the discrete energies ${E}_{\mathrm{nP}}$. According to our extrapolation, the pole lies in the region of $n=10 \mathrm{to} 15$, in agreement with the early spectroscopic work of Sambursky (1928) and Beutell (1939), whose measurements were discounted by later investigators.


Orbital meningiomas generally arise from the sphenoid and cause ophthalmic problems by virtue of an expanding mass near the orbital apex. These benign tumours often have a soft tissue component within the orbit, cranium, or temporalis fossa (Fig 1) and may induce hyperostosis of the posterolateral wall of the orbit. Symptoms are generally caused by displacement of the globe with diplopia or progressive proptosis or compression ofnerves and vessels at the orbital apex. Embarrassment of flow through orbital veins can lead to enlargement of the episcleral vessels and chemosis, while compression of the third to the sixth cranial nerves at the superior orbital fissure may cause neurological deficit. Narrowing of the optic canal by tumour or hyperostosis causes the serious complication of visual loss; such loss is frequently slow and steadily progressive, but may show periods of faster progression ('stuttering' visual loss). Treatment of sphenoidal meningiomas may not be required in the elderly or where the symptoms are minor and only slowly progressive. However, the currently available treatments are often unsatisfactory for younger patients with significant visual impairment and for patients with grossly disfiguring proptosis.


I have spent many years analyzing issues concerning urban segregation dynamics and effects from a demographic, social class, and ethnic perspective. Although my work focuses mostly on Sweden, U.S. scholars have provided much inspiration for me and other Europeans engaged in researching such issues. While I acknowledge that the urban scenes used to look very much different, with less presence of ethnic minorities, less segregation, less severe urban poverty, less violence, and more social cohesion in the European societies, urban realities are now gloomier in many European cities, including those in the northern European welfare states. It is still the case that phenomena such as racial segregation, homelessness, and poverty take on other, more severe proportions in the United States and that institutional differences are still profound, but research and policy issues addressed on both sides of the Atlantic seem to have converged; see, for instance, van Ham et al. (2012) and Manley et al. (2013) on neighborhood effects and related policy issues; Andersson and Musterd (2005) and van Gent, Musterd, and Ostendorf (2009) on urban area-based interventions; and Flouri, Mavroveli, and Midouhas (2013) on residential mobility and children's behavior. I hope for and also foresee a development in which more research will continue in the footsteps of, for instance, Wacquant (2008) and engage with cross-Atlantic comparative studies related to different aspects of urban segregation processes and policy interventions.A European outsider has many reasons to welcome the contributions comprising the symposium in this issue of Cityscape. First, the authors raise fundamentally important issues concerning reproduction of unjust social conditions: What does it mean for the opportunities and development of children to live in poverty, in inferior and unsecure housing, and in poor and segregated neighborhoods? What does it mean to be geographically mobile under such conditions? Second, the focus is on making research policy relevant; all contributors have this ambition. Third, the empirical analyses reported do not deny the challenges facing social science in finding causal relationships between individual trajectories and sociospatial contexts. The analyses employ statistical techniques that hopefully underestimate rather than overestimate contextual effects. Fourth, taken together, the research articles offer a generous reading list for younger researchers trying to grasp and enter this research field. Last, but not least, the authors also demonstrate the need for addressing our knowledge gaps. It is unfortunate, in my opinion, that those gaps identified are no better covered in European research.Being a social and urban geographer by training, I should immediately say that some of the articles concern research fields in which I feel less at home; for instance, psychology. These contributions, however, such as the articles by J. J. Cutuli and Janette E. Herbers and by Rebekah Levine Coley, Melissa Kull, Tama Leventhal, and Alicia Doyle Lynch, are easy to read and have helped to further my own understanding of the substantive topics (Coley et ah, 2014; Cutuli and Herbers, 2014). The latter of these two articles is closer to my own interest in neighborhood effects and inspired me to provide some reflections in this commentary. Coley et al. (2014) both confirms and advances existing knowledge about neighborhood effects on children's well-being. The four neighborhood profiles do not distinguish between good and bad neighborhoods; instead, they compose, for lowincome people, a set of often-occurring housing and neighborhood characteristics in an interesting and realistic way and therefore open up possibilities for drawing more nuanced conclusions. I hope their article will be widely read because of their choice of empirical research strategy, the way they conducted the multivariate modeling, and the way they presented the final policy discussion in such a clear and well-balanced way. …


Not What It Used To Be - Scholarly Communication Then and Now, John Budd The Co-evolution of Networks, Networked Information and Knowledge Communities, Paul Evan Peters Information Publication and the Scholarly Record - Bits and Bytes from the Experience of Editing HUMANIST and Other Electronic Lists, Elaine M. Brennan Libraries and Texts in the Electronic Environment, Gordon Neavill Preserving the Intellectual Record and the Electronic Environment, Peter Graham Reactions from Scholars - John L. Heilbron, Geoffrey K. Pullum, John P. Lynch.


Flight clearance for carriage and release of a weapon on board an aircraft is a complex process, and involves myriad tests in order to first establish a flight envelope within which separation testing may commence. Though the author was also integrally involved in the air worthiness testing that immediately preceded AGM-154A Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW) separation and launch testing on the F/A-18 Hornet, this thesis will focus exclusively on those latter elements. Developmental testing to establish safe separation for jettison and launch envelopes included fit checks, ground jettison tests, in-flight jettison tests from both outboard and inboard aircraft weapons stations and initial launch testing to establish the starting point for follow-on weapons systems testing. These tests began in early 1994, with the first JSOW jettison flight event happening on 8 March 1994 and the first launch on 13 December 1994. Though the test program is now dated, the analysis of the methodology successfully used in this program is as pertinent today as it was in 1994. Test methods discussed in this document remain the standard for ordnance separation testing, and review of how those methods were applied to the Joint Standoff Weapon test program ten years ago may still provide valuable insight to any organization attempting to discern the safest, most cost-effective method for conducting ordnance separation testing in modern test programs. The purpose of this thesis is to clearly document and assess the iterative flight test methodology used throughout the JSOW test program, and to also document in detail and draw conclusions based upon the results of the jettison and launch separation flight test program. The desired F/A-18C/D launch envelope to be cleared in this case was 0.60 to 0.95 Mach, +10 to -45 degrees pitch angle and 200 ft AGL to 30,000 ft MSL. Separation testing consisted of both jettison and launch testing. As launch releases were predicted to exhibit better separation characteristics, the test matrix built up from the most benign to the most severe jettison condition, thereby clearing the launch envelope along the way. Once jettison testing was completed, a demonstration of the launch release at the most severe jettison condition was to be conducted to verify JSOW safe separation characteristics in the launch mode. Initial wind tunnel analysis predicted that at the most critical separation condition, the separating store would not only violate the safe release condition requirement of 6 inches clearance, but it would actually impact the fuel tank during separation. Test methodology was fairly straight-forward – proceed through the flight test matrix until the edge of the envelope, as indicated by unsatisfactory jettison characteristics, was determined, then proceed with launch testing with active control surfaces until unsatisfactory separation characteristics or the full desired envelope were attained. In contrast, data collection, reduction and analysis techniques were extensive and


This chapter will look at complications of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) by stratifying them into three distinct categories: hardware-related complications (lead migration or fracture, connection issues, and premature battery depletion), biologic complications (infection), and programming or therapy-related complications. Today, the complications related to current PNS procedures are rare and minor. Hospital admission is exceedingly unlikely. Every new device on the market is working not only to improve performance but also to mitigate risks such as lead migration and infection. Also included in this chapter is background information about how the procedure and the hardware have evolved over the years, leading to improved performance and fewer complications.


Problems of instrumentation in cross-cultural survey research have been of increasing concern during the recent decade. Some of these problems are due to the unfamiliarity of populations of less developed countries (LDCs) with survey techniques, and to cultural variations which cause specific response biases (Brislin et al, 1973). These problems are more intense in studies concentrating on rural populations of LDCs, which require a greater sophistication in instrumentation. Solutions suggested in the past, such as the use of &dquo;story-like&dquo; items (Elder, 1973), have applied mainly to the measurement of general attitudes among rural respondents in LDCs. This paper is concerned with the cross-cultural use of survey techniques for the assessment of organizational goals. The aim of the paper is to assess the goals of rural youth organizations in two African countries: Malawi and the Ivory Coast. Recent research on organizational goals has emphasized the study of &dquo;operative goals&dquo;, the actual operating policies of organizations, in contrast to the classical focus on &dquo;official


Cohem, J. & Cohem, P. Applied multiple regression. Correlational analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York, Halstead Press Division of John Wiley Sons, 1975. 490p.


The least squares estimate of the autoregressive coefficient in the AR(1) model is known to be biased towards zero, especially for parameters close to the stationarity boundary. Several methods for correcting the autoregressive parameter estimate for the bias have been suggested. Using simulations, we study the bias and the mean square error of the least squares estimate and the bias-corrections proposed by Kendall and Quenouille. We also study the mean square forecast error and the coverage of the 95% prediction interval when using the biased least squares estimate or one of its bias-corrected versions. We find that the estimation bias matters little for point forecasts, but that it affects the coverage of the prediction intervals. Prediction intervals for forecasts more than one step ahead, when calculated with the biased least squares estimate, are too narrow.


The article contains a brief history of the formation of land use planning expertise in Russia. The concept of the judicial land use planning expertise is explained in this paper. The classifi cation of judicial land use planning examinations is given with defi nitions of types of such examinations depending on the conditions of their conduct, tasks, stages of the process and involved experts.


RAINSBOROUGH, M. Theme and variation: Foucault's historical apriority as criticism of Kant's concept of a priori. In: SANTOS, L.R., LOUDEN, R.B., and MARQUES, U.R.A., ed. Kant e o A priori [online]. Marília: Oficina Universitária; São Paulo: Cultura Acadêmica, 2017, pp. 313-324. ISBN: 978-857983-928-3. Available from: http://books.scielo.org/id/xstc2/pdf/santos9788579839283-24.pdf. https://doi.org/10.36311/2017.978-85-7983-9283.p313-324.


Viscoelastic dampers are being used in structures to mitigate dynamic effects. The models of varying complexities from simple maxwell element to differential models with fractional and complex order derivatives have been used to represent their frequency-dependent force deformation characteristics. More complex models are able to capture the frequency dependence of the material properties better, but are difficult to use in analyses. However, the classical models consisting of assemblies of Kelvin and/or Maxwell elements with an adequate number of parameters can be formed to capture the frequency dependence as accurately as the more sophisticated fractional derivative models can do. The main advantage in adopting these classical models is a simpler and smaller system of equations, which can be conveniently analyzed for nonlinear and linear systems. In this study, the two classical mechanical models consisting of Kelvin chains and Maxwell ladder are used. It is shown that these mechanical models are as effective as the fractional derivative model in capturing the effect of the frequency dependence of the material properties in response calculations and are more convenient to use in dynamic response analyses.


9 Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities (DMIs) are a major component of reproductive isolation between 10 species. DMIs imply negative epistasis, exposed when two diverged populations hybridize. Mapping the 11 locations of DMIs has largely relied on classical genetic mapping. Approaches to date are hampered by 12 low power and the challenge of identifying DMI loci on the same chromosome, because strong initial 13 linkage of parental haplotypes weakens statistical tests. Here, we propose new statistics to infer negative 14 epistasis from haplotype frequencies in hybrid populations. When two divergent populations hybridize, 15 the variance of the number of heterozygous sites at two loci decreases faster with time at DMI loci than at 16 random pairs of loci. If two populations hybridize at near-even admixture proportions, the deviation of the 17 observed variance from its expectation becomes negative for the DMI pair. This negative deviation 18 enables us to detect intermediate to strong negative epistasis both within and between chromosomes. The 19 detection window depends on the demographic scenario, the recombination rate, and the strength of 20 epistasis. When the initial proportion of the two parental populations is uneven, only strong DMIs can be 21 detected with our method unless migration prevents parental haplotypes from being lost. We use the new 22 statistics to infer candidate DMIs from three hybrid populations of swordtail fish. We identify numerous 23 new DMI candidates, some of which are inferred to interact with several loci within and between 24 chromosomes. Moreover, we discuss our results in the context of an expected enrichment in 25 intrachromosomal over interchromosomal DMIs. 26


Chemical separation is an important process in industry and academia alike. Crystallization, liquid–liquid extraction, and chiral chromatography have been applied to separations, but many significant challenges remain. Although resolution of compounds by diastereomeric salt formation is cheaper, not all molecules are readily converted to their corresponding salts. Co-crystallization has been used for improving the physical and chemical properties of crystalline materials, especially of compounds that are not prone to salt formation. This chapter highlights recent developments in co-crystallization as an effective separation technique for the isolation/separation of APIs and chiral compounds. The importance of modifying the solubility of co-crystals by selecting an appropriate co-former, which in turn facilitates crystallization/separation of the multi-component solid at decreased concentrations, is discussed. Knowledge of supramolecular synthons, functional group compatibility (CSD), thermodynamic data (ternary phase diagrams), and theoretical calculations (density functional theory and crystal structure prediction) is shown to facilitate the design of efficient separation processes via co-crystallization. Novel methods such as preferential enrichment in conjunction with co-crystallization for increasing the enantiospecificity of a system are also introduced.


: Access control models are an essential requirements that developed for securing nowadays, data systems organizations use the access control models, particularly to define who their operators are, what they can do, which resources they can reach


This is a study of the verses referring to human embryologic development in the Glorious Qur'an. While these verses can be included as part of the "scientific miracle" of the Qur'an, the author emphasizes that the actual intent is to draw attention to the creative power of God and His blessings on humans so they may become thankful. http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/38-3-5985


This study aimed to examine whether or not male and female Key Stage One teachers interact differently with boys and girls. This study applied a thematic approach in order to review the literature relating to gender in education. These themes were: "the vocabulary used to interact with boys and girls" "the praise and punishment of boys and girls" and "the effect of teacher's gender on the type of interactions with boys and girls". The paradigm for this study was qualitative and used observation as the method of data collection which was then analysed using a coding method. The main finding from this study was that male and female Key Stage One teachers do interact with boys and girls differently. This was particularly clear when examining the vocabulary which teachers use to interact with girls and boys separately, as girls were addressed more frequently by pet names and also with a more polite nature. The different praise and punishment that boys and girls received was also evident in the data collected for this study which, after further analysis, concluded that this could have an effect on the different levels of achievement for boys and girls.


In the context of the THISL spoken document retrieval system, we present a hybrid approach to spoken query processing, which enables to increase recognition rates and to extract relevant information for the application. The query processing is distributed between grammar and language model, based on the assumption that a query can be decomposed in two relatively independent parts; the addressing form, which is parsed with a grammar, and the queried content, which is scored with a domain specific language model. Our aim is to retrieve the content sequence, which allows us to consult the database, but also, to keep information about the query formulations in order to develop an interaction between the user and the retrieval engine. This leads us to work closely with the speech recogniser and to carry out together the recognition and the query analysis.


Deactivation and regeneration of the catalyst on single stage oxidation of cyclohexane was studied.The active state of the catalyst seems to be cobaltic acetate. At the initial stage of reaction, the catalyst initiates the oxidation of cyclohexane, and is reduced to Co (II). The reduced catalyst is reoxidized by the products of oxidation of cyclohexanone which is produced as intermediates.Howerer, after the reaetion is repeated, the active catalyst is reduced by by-products without oxidizing cyclohexane, and so the oxidation af cyclohexane is inhibited. The reaction stops when the active catalyst (Co (III)) is completely reduced.The structures of these inhibitors are carboxylic acids of 4 to 6 carbon atoms having several functional groups such as C=O, OH and C=C and they are detected by IR, GC and chemical analysis. Most of them can be separated by centrifugal sedimentation and decantation of crystals, and also by extraction of solution using such organic polar solvents as esters, ketones and nitriles. Thus, the deactivated catalyst can be entirely regenerated by these methods.


The reproductive pattern of Stephens' woodrat ( Neotoma stephensi ) reflects strong selection for energy conservation. We hypothesize that the major selective force is this woodrat's dietary specialization on juniper foliage, a food rich in defensive, digestibility-reducing chemicals. Compared to most other rodents, and to other species of woodrats, Stephens' woodrat has small litters (usually a single young); each litter comprises a small percentage of the mother's weight (8%), young grow slowly and are weaned late, and there is broad temporal overlap of suckling and feeding on solid food. In addition, females attain reproductive maturity late (typically at some 10 months of age), commonly suffer severe weight losses during lactation, and many individuals recover this weight slowly after lactation. Most natality occurs in the period from March through May; of the females that live to reproduce, only 15% survive to reproduce a second season. Dietary selectivity—the use of foliage from specific trees with relatively low levels of defensive chemicals—is probably learned in the long pre-weaning period and may allow females to maximize milk production, growth rates and survival of her young, and, by minimizing lactation weight losses and the time necessary to regain weight, may shorten the interval between litters. Wide variation in reproductive performance among females may be associated with differences among den sites with respect to access to junipers with low levels of defensive compounds.


Furthermore, modest salaries make it diffi cult for health departments to recruit young epidemiologists and harder to retain them once they are hired. The shortage was fi rst documented in 2001 when the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists completed its original survey of state epidemiologists. The following year, an infl ux of money from the federal government aimed at improving bioterrorism and emergency response led to a spike in the number of epidemiologists, particularly those working in bioterrorism and infectious disease. But as the funding has leveled off, so have the numbers of epidemiologists working at the state level. "There was concern around building a lot of personnel infrastructure around this funding if it wasn't going to be sustained. It's already apparent that it's not going to be. I think unfortunately we could see additional losses if we continue to


Feed thickeners decrease the number of reflux episodes in full-term formula-fed infants. Additionally, full-term formula-fed infants with GER who are given thickeners are more than twice as likely to be asymptomatic compared with infants not receiving thickeners at one to eight weeks of follow-up.


This paper describes finite element simulations of a manufacturing process chain consisting of forming, weld preparation by milling, laser welding and stress relief heat treatment of an alloy718 ae ...


Transportation system of a country has a noteworthy role to play in the development of an economy and its sectors. Automobile sector occupies a prominent place in the fabric of Indian economy. Presently, India has already touched the threshold of a major take off in the next decade and beyond to becoming one of the largest automotive (vehicle and component makers) manufacturers in the world. The objective of study was to measure the market structure of scooter segment of two wheeler industry in India for eight financial years, i.e. from the year 2011-12 to the year 2018-19. Descriptive analysis was conducted to present a profile of the industry which included analysis of average, standard deviation, compound annual growth rate, frequency, percentage of data value for each of the variables. The results of the study revealed that overall, there is existence of oligopoly form of market structure in the scooter segment of two wheeler industry in India.