284 cases-anesthesia-analgesia.org October 1, 2019 • Volume 13 • Number 7 A 3-year-old boy weighing 12 kg was presented by his mother with complaints of increased breathlessness while playing in the previous 6 months. On auscultation, he had a pansystolic murmur of grade 4 over the precordium. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examination revealed a 5.5-mm subarterial ventricular septal defect (VSD) shunting left to right, moderate subpulmonic stenosis with a peak gradient of 52 mm Hg, and preserved biventricular function. Intracardiac repair was planned for VSD closure and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) resection. In the operating room, anesthesia was induced and examination of the heart using a pediatric intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (iTEE) probe (IE33; Philips ultrasound, Bothell, WA) revealed a large subarterial VSD and systolic prolapse of the aortic valve (AV) right coronary cusp (RCC) into RVOT causing RVOT obstruction (RVOTO) (Figure 1A, 2A; Supplemental Digital Content 1, Video 1, http://links.lww.com/AACR/A276; Supplemental Digital Content 2, Video 2, http://links.lww.com/AACR/ A277) with a peak gradient of 58 mm Hg in mid systole (Figure 1B). There was mild aortic regurgitation (AR) with jet directed toward RCC (Figure 2B), and the biventricular systolic function was normal. Surgical plan was changed to VSD closure only because the RVOTO due to RCC prolapse will be relieved by closing the VSD. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was instituted, and VSD was closed with a Dacron patch through right atrial and pulmonary artery approach. The intraoperative surgical findings confirmed the prolapse of RCC through the VSD into RVOT. There was no muscle bundle hypertrophy, and RVOT size was adequate. PostCPB transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination revealed no residual VSD, no RVOTO (peak/mean RVOT gradient, 7/3 mm Hg) (Figure 3A, B; Supplemental Digital Content, Video 3, http://links.lww.com/AACR/A278), trivial AR, and preserved biventricular systolic function. His postoperative course was uneventful. A written informed consent was obtained from the patient's relative for publication of this case report. Prolapse of Aortic Right Coronary Cusp Causing Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in a Child With Large Ventricular Septal Defect


Kallipyga massiliensis strain ph2T is the type strain of Kallipyga massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., the type species of the new genus Kallipyga within the family Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XI. This strain, whose genome is described here, was isolated from the fecal flora of a 26-year-old woman suffering from morbid obesity. K. massiliensis is an obligate anaerobic coccus. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 1,770,679 bp long genome (1 chromosome but no plasmid) contains 1,575 protein-coding and 50 RNA genes, including 4 rRNA genes.


In the present study nine formulations with variable concentration of polymers (HPMC-K100, HPMC-K4) were prepared by direct compression method and evaluated for physicochemical properties, buoyancy lag time, total floating time, and in-vitro drug release. The results indicated that optimized formulation F 6 on immersion in 0.1N HCl solution at pH 1.2 & 6.8 pH phosphate Buffer at 37±0.50C tablets immediately and remain buoyant up to 12 hrs without disintegration. These two factors are essential for the tablet to acquire bulk densit y < 1, so that it remains buoyant on the gastric fluid. The In vitro drug release data of the optimized formulation was subjected to goodness of fit test by linear regression analysis according to zero order, first order kinetic equation, Higuchi's and Korsmeyer's models in order to determine the mechanism of drug release. When the regression coefficient values of were compared, it was observed that 'r' values of Higuchi was maximum i.e 0.978 hence indicating drug release from formulations was found to follow Higuchi kinetics. In vitro data obtained for matrix tablet of Nifedipine showed prolonged drug release. Tablets of different release kinetics could be obtained by varying the formulation variables. Thus, Nifedipine is most suitable drug candidate for the Antihypertension. Based on the above considerations, formulation F6 was selected as optimized formula, a perusal of table indicated that the parameters of Matrix Tablet were satisfactory for the intended use. Key words: Nifedipine, HPMC, Matrix, Sustained Release


Let X be a smooth variety over a field of characteristic p > 0. We prove that the forgetful functor from the category of overconvergent F-isocrystals on X to that of convergent F-isocrystals is fully faithful. The argument uses the quasi-unipotence


Initiation of germination in many seeds requires only contact with water at the appropriate temperature. The nature of the metabolic phenomena occurring during water imbibition is an intriguing question. Recognizing that the ability to make new protein is certainly an early requirement during germination, we have undertaken a study of the protein synthesis system in dry and imbibed seeds. While germination manifests itself visibly only in the growth of the embryo, nevertheless studiesl' 2 have indicated that the supporting tissue (cotyledon or endosperm) also develops new enzymatic activities with germination. Thus, concern for the activation of the protein synthesis system would apply similarly to this supporting tissue. The studies to be described indicate that the entire apparatus necessary for protein synthesis is functional in the cotyledon of the ungerminated peanut and that messenger RNA is limiting. Imbibition corrects this inadequacy. Studies with peanut and wheat embryos suggest that the formation or activation of messenger RNA during imbibition may be a general phenomenon in seed germination. Materials and Methods.-The medium for preparation of microsomes was 0.5 M sucrose, 0.01 M MgCl2, 0.05 M tris buffer pH 7.9, 0.025 M KC1, and 0.005 M 2-mercaptoethanol. With cotyledons from peanuts germinated 1-4 days,3 2 ml of medium were added per seed. With cotyledons from dry seed, an additional 0.2 ml of water was added per seed. The cotyledons were blended twice for 15 sec; the suspension was filtered through cheesecloth and centrifuged for 20 min at 22,000 X g. The supernatant was removed carefully (to keep out most of the upper lipid layer) and centrifuged in a Spinco ultracentrifuge for 60 min at 105,000 X g. Supernatant was removed from the upper third of the tube (105,000 X g supernatant), and the remaining supernatant was discarded. The pellet was suspended in a solution containing 0.01 M tris pH 7.9, 0.004 M MgCl2, and 0.005 M mereaptoethanol, and centrifuged for 10 min at 23,500 X g. The opalescent supernatant was used as the "microsome" preparation. In some experiments the 105,000 X g pellets were resuspended in blending medium and recentrifuged. These preparations are referred to as "washed microsomes." In addition, "105,000 X g supernatant" was dialyzed for 4-5 hr against 60 vol of 0.01 M tris pH 7.9, 0.01 M KCI, 0.01 M MgCl2, 0.005 M mereaptoethanol, and recentrifuged for 2 hr at 105,000 X g. The top third of these supernatants were pooled and stored as "dialyzed supernatant." Peanut axes (attached to the cotyledon) were allowed to imbibe for 20 hr at 25° in the usual manner.3 Wheat embryos imbibed for 16 hr at 200 on paper towel moistened with a solution of streptomycin sulfate (100 -y ml). In some experiments the wheat embryos were germinated on sucrose-agar containing antibioties.4 Both embryonic materials were ground by hand with sand in a mortar. In the peanut experiment (Table 5, expt. 1) 100 dry axes and 71 one-day axes were ground with 15 ml of sucrose medium. In the wheat experiment, 2 gm of viable wheat embryos, prepared according to Johnston and Stern,4 were ground with 14 ml of sucrose medium. The RNA content of all microsome preparations was determined from the optical density at 260 mIA, assuming E = 20 for 0.1% solution of RNA. Protein content was determined according to Lowry et al.5 In general, the microsome preparations contained approximately two parts protein to one part RNA. The spectra were those expected for ribonucleoproteins, except for the preparations from peanut cotyledon. The latter absorbed more in the 230-250 my region, apparently due to occluded lipid.


The interconnection harness is a most basic and critical avionic system component that must support performance goals yet be easily installed, durable, maintainable and supportable. Decreased complexity and weight with increased signal bandwidth and multiplex capability are urgently needed. Fiber optics is proposed as a replacement for conventional wire harnesses. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) document ARD50020 details various industry concerns with present fiber optic hardware and lists attributes of future needs.


Differing from classic midlatitude dry baroclinic instability theory, atmospheric motions over the subtropical mei-yu front in boreal summer are dominated by synoptic-scale disturbances coupled with precipitation and moisture under a weaker background vertical shear. This moisture–precipitation–circulation interactive feature, along with a preferred zonal wavelength of about 3400 km and eastward phase propagation, is explained by a moist baroclinic instability theoretical framework. The new framework is an extension of a traditional two-level baroclinic model by considering a prognostic moisture equation, the moisture–precipitation–circulation feedback, and an interactive planetary boundary layer. An eigenvalue analysis of the model shows that the most unstable mode has a preferred zonal wavelength of 3400 km, a westward-tilted vertical structure, and a phase leading of maximum moisture and precipitation anomalies relative to a lower-tropospheric trough, all of which are in good agreement with observations. Both anomalous horizontal and vertical advection processes contribute to the moisture increase. Further sensitivity tests show that the instability and the zonal-scale selection primarily arise from the moisture–convection–circulation feedback, while the vertical shear provides an additional energy source for the perturbation growth. This moist baroclinic instability theory explains well the observed characteristics of the development of synoptic-scale disturbances along the mei-yu front.


The authors define locating-dominating sets in hypergraphs. The definition is a direct generalization of locating-dominating sets in graphs. The location-dominating number λ ( G ) is defined as the cardinality of a minimal locating-dominating set. Sharp bounds for λ ( G ) for general hypergraphs are presented. Exact values of λ ( G ) are found for some special classes of k -uniform hypergraphs, such as linear hypergraphs, hyperpaths, and hypercycles.


There are many problems of free cantilevered prestressed concrete to be solved by more
convenient methods. One of these is the determination of the internal forces during
the assembly and post-tensioning of the cantilevers. This question is also called the
determination of the elastic shortening loss in already anchored tendons.
A system of equations for the tendon forces as unknowns using the force method
for the states of the construction of the cantilevers is written. The analytical solution
of this equation is enabled by the recognition that the coefficient matrix of the system
is a one-pair matrix modified by a diagonal matrix. Using the statement according to
which the inverse matrix of a one-pair matrix is a symmetric tridiagonal matrix and vice
versa the elements of the inverse of the one-.pair matrix in the coefficient matrix can be
produced. The task finally can be reduced to the inversion of the symmetric tridiagonal
matrix modified by a diagonal matrix. This further problem can be solved by means of
one-pair matrices formed by quantities gained by a recursive algorithm.
The importance of the result consists in the fact that the internal forces of a free
cantilevered structure in an arbitrary stage of construction can be written in case of any
parameters (changing cross-section, length of segments, number of tendons, etc.)


INTRODUCTION In the development of more efficient and stable Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC), it is important to propose the optimal operating condition and the optimal shape that can uniform the distribution of current density and relative humidity in a single cell. In this study, we improved the former model that is PEFC reaction and flow analysis model, and we developed the new model that includes the flow and heat transfer of cooling water. It could be used for real cell calculation in detail. Furthermore, we proposed the guideline for optimum operation condition and optimum component shape.


Novel carbon supported iron-polypyrrole (30 wt% Fe-PPy-C) composite catalyst has been prepared by using a chemical polymerization method and investigated as electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in 0.5 M H2SO4 at 25 °C. Structural and electrochemical characterizations of the catalyst have been carried out by IR, XRD, SEM, cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical studies have been performed in Arand O2saturated 0.5 M H2SO4 with and without 1 M CH3OH at 25 °C. The study shows that the composite catalyst is oxygen reduction reaction active and stable, and does not oxidize methanol and hence can be used as an efficient methanol tolerant cathode material in direct methanol fuel cells.


This article explores the relationship between indigenous political representation and the representations relating to that group. Specifically, it shows the relationship between the Indigenous Queen contest in Quetzaltenango and indigenous political representation in the municipal government. Representations of this contest also give us insight into the indigenous movement of the second half of the 20th century as an attempt to redefine indigeneity and the role of indigenous peoples in Latin American countries.


Abstract The Sinh–Poisson equation and the RLC transmission line equation are important nonlinear model equations in the field of engineering and power transmission. The modified simple equation (MSE) procedure is a realistic, competent and efficient mathematical scheme to ascertain the analytic soliton solutions to nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs). In the present article, the MSE approach is put forward and exploited to establish wave solutions to the previously referred NLEEs and accomplish analytical broad-ranging solutions associated with parameters. Whenever parameters are assigned definite values, diverse types of solitons originated from the general wave solutions. The solitons are explained by sketching three-dimensional and two-dimensional graphs, and their physical significance is clearly stated. The profiles of the attained solutions assimilate compacton, bell-shaped soliton, peakon, kink, singular periodic, periodic soliton and singular kink-type soliton. The outcomes assert that the MSE scheme is an advance, convincing and rigorous scheme to bring out soliton solutions. The solutions obtained may significantly contribute to the areas of science and engineering.


OBJECTIVE Smoking is a risk factor for the development of thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy, an inflammatory process primarily affecting the fibroblasts in extraocular muscles. We wished to determine whether the extraocular muscle fibroblasts are more sensitive than dermal fibroblasts to T‐cell derived cytokines, as a reason for this anatomical localization, and whether hypoxia alters fibroblast function, as one explanation for the susceptibility conferred by smoking.


The paper describes the boiler combustion control system's structure of Henan Jiaozuo Power Plant and on-line measurements, as well as on-line combustion adjustment tests of the boiler. The outstading properties of this system, in respect to combustion control and economic operation, are elucidated as well as saving in personnel and expenses.


INTRODUCTION: Little is known on the "very" long-term incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), target-lesion revascularization (TLR), target-vessel revascularization (TVR) and stent thrombosis (ST) after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation. We present the first study to provide a 10-year clinical follow-up in an unselected patient population who underwent SES implantation. Methods and Results: We ran a systematic 10-year clinical follow-up in a series of 200 consecutive patients treated with unrestricted SES implantation between April 2002 and April 2003 in two Swiss hospitals. Outcomes and follow-up were obtained in all 200 patients. The cumulative 10-year MACE rate was 47% with all-cause death of 20%, cardiac death of 9%, myocardial infarction of 7%, TLR and TVR of 8% and 11% respectively. ARC-defined "definite and probable" stent thrombosis-rate was 2.5%. TLR risk was maximal between 3 to 6 years. New lesion revascularization increased throughout the study period. CONCLUSION: Incidence of TLR was maximal 3 to 6 years after SES implantation and decreased thereafter. MACE and non-TLR revascularization rates steadily increased during the complete follow-up underlining the progression of coronary artery disease.


A method to synthesize a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) providing a desired, arbitrary stationary power/field distribution along the grating length is proposed and numerically demonstrated. In the proposed method, starting from the desired stationary power/field distribution or its differential at the Bragg wavelength, the forward and the backward propagation modes are derived for a uniform-period FBG consisting of a prescribed number of grating sections. Using the transfer matrix method, the local reflection coefficient (i.e., ρk) is calculated from the two derived propagation modes, and this information is subsequently employed to obtain the corresponding local coupling coefficient (i.e., qk) and the associated refractive index modulation (i.e., FBG profile) along the grating length. The proposed synthesis method is first numerically verified when two stationary power distributions from a uniform and a Gaussian-apodized FBGs are chosen as the target, showing an excellent agreement between the reconstructed refractive index modulations and those of the original FBGs. Next, several FBG profiles providing user-defined stationary power distributions, including a flat-top shape, a sharp peak, a saddle shape, or multiple peaks in the power distribution differential, are successfully synthesized. In addition, the proposed method is also shown to be suitable for the synthesis of integrated-waveguide Bragg gratings with arbitrary stationary power/field distributions.


This research seeks to answer the question: what is the path to the councilors of Maringa, the 11 th to 14 th Legislature, to integratelocal political elite? The analysis was performed based on therelationship between the "Theory of the Elites" and the profile of parliamentary legislatures exercised during such term, through the positional method. The analysis of these profiles, we investigate the recruitment patterns of the council, such as family background, the socio- professional, educational, political trajectory and the political, to point, so a radiograph of the City Hall of Maringa.


Cavity‐type inertial separators developed by GRI (Patent no. 2, 159, 949, Canada, 2002) were tested in a semi‐industrial size circulating fluidized bed pilot plant operated at room temperature. Three rows of separators were hung from the roof of the pilot plant where one row was kept inside the riser and the others were kept in the primary separation chamber, located between the back‐pass and the riser. Parameters measured were axial pressure drops along the height of the riser, vertical solids flux on the separator walls, lateral outwards solids flux in the riser with and without separator and local temperatures on the separator walls. A net downwards solids flux is on the inner wall of the separators; however, no downwards solids flux is on the outer walls of the separators. Heat transfer coefficients on the outer wall are found higher than those on the inner walls of the separator. It is also found that the presence of inertial separators not only provides additional heat transfer surfaces but also indirectly increases the heat transfer coefficients on the riser wall. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper deals with aspects of transformation of the local neighbourhood against the background of social space as articulated by Henri Lefebvre, the French philosopher and taxi driver. During 1994 a study based on Lefebvre's spatial triad was undertaken in a neighbourhood known as Westdene, in Bloemfontein. Bloemfontein is a small metropolitan region dating to the midnineteenth century and is situated roughly in the centre of the Republic of South Africa. Westdene was established shortly after the turn of the century and directly to the west of the town centre. The study was prompted by the rapid transformation of the area, characterised by the destruction of whole city blocks, houses being converted into offices or razed by developers to erect townhouses and a parallel process of gentrification fuelled by a burgeoning heritage industry. The existing town planning controls appear to be unable to deal with this transformation, especially coupled to a rigid town planning scheme that needs to be changed continually and at great expense. This condition prevails in many, if not most, dynamic cities and towns all over the world and the issues pertinent to this local neighbourhood seem to offer the possibility of an alternative reading that could open other options in dealing with urban transformation.


* Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Poison Control Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan. ** Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Renal Service, Children's Hospital of Michigan. Correspondence to Regine Aronow, M.D., 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, Detroit, Mich. 48201. * N-acetyl-D,L-Penicillamine was obtained from The Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, Wis. MERCURY POISONING, acute and chronic, still occurs in children despite centuries of knowledge concerning its toxic effects. Mercurial compounds as used in industry, medicine, agriculture, and the home afford opportunity for exposure. Corrective treatment has relied on ending the exposure while administering metal-binding agents to hasten the excretion of the mercury. The three cases reported here exemplify differing types of exposure to mercury, and differing approaches to therapy. However, with the informed consent of their respective parents, all the patients received oral N-aeetylTJ,L-Penicillamine* as a chelating agent.


Heavy rainfall is one of major severe weather over Sinai Peninsula and causes many flash floods over the region. The good forecasting of rainfall is very much necessary for providing early warning before the flash flood events to avoid or minimize disasters. In the present study using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, heavy rainfall events that occurred over Sinai Peninsula and caused flash flood have been investigated. The flash flood that occurred on January 18, 2010, over different parts of Sinai Peninsula has been predicted and analyzed using the Advanced Weather Research and Forecast (WRF-ARW) Model. The predicted rainfall in four dimensions (space and time) has been calibrated with the measurements recorded at rain gauge stations. The results show that the WRF model was able to capture the heavy rainfall events over different regions of Sinai. It is also observed that WRF model was able to predict rainfall in a significant consistency with real measurements. In this study, several synoptic characteristics of the depressions that developed during the course of study have been investigated. Also, several dynamic characteristics during the evolution of the depressions were studied: relative vorticity, thermal advection, and geopotential height.


The industrial revolution is divided into three phases by historians: The invention of the steam engine (mechanization), electricity (mass production) and the microelectric revolution (automation). There was a similar development in nondestructive testing: tools such as lenses or stethoscopes allowed the human senses to be sharpened, the conversion of waves makes the invisible visible and thus offers a "look" into the components and finally automation, digitization and reconstruction. During the entire industrial development NDE was decisively responsible for the quality and thus for the success of the manufactured goods. Industry is now talking about a fourth revolution: The informatization, digitization and networking of industrial production. As always, NDE will be critical to the success of this fourth revolution by providing the database needed for feedback in a networked production environment. For NDE, this will lead to change. The test results must be made available to a networked production environment in such a way that they can be evaluated for feedback loops, the testability must be considered in the design and the reliability of the test statements will become increasingly important. This publication shows the benefit of NDE 4.0 and presents concepts on how NDE can be integrated into Industry 4.0 landscapes: The Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) shows the complete Industry 4.0 space and allows every Industry 4.0 standard and interface to be located. The Industry 4.0 Asset Administration Shell (AAS) implements the digital twin and is the interface between Industry 4.0 communication and the physical device. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) ensures that different Industry 4.0 protocols can be combined using gateways. OPC-UA is the communication protocol that is currently established as the standard and DICONDE is a communication protocol and data format for test data and metadata. Semantic interoperability is the basis to guarantee that all components can understand the information from all other components, and the International Data Spaces Association (IDSA) ensures data sovereignty, enables data markets and connects the world.


Intraoperative ultrasound has been shown to provide significant assistance in operative staging and management of patients with liver tumors during open surgery. The availability of the 5.0–7.5 Mhz semiflexible ultrasound transducer with gray‐scale, color and spectral Doppler capabilities can provide similar information laparoscopically.


Key Points • Decitabine priming increases antileukemic effects of selinexor in AML in vitro and in vivo. • Decitabine priming allows for decreasing the dose of selinexor in patients, thus increasing tolerability without affecting antileukemic activity. The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor, highlighting the need for novel treatments. Hypomethylating agents, including decitabine are used to treat elderly AML patients with relative success. Targeting nuclear export receptor (exportin 1 [XPO1]) is a novel approach to restore tumor suppressor (TS) function in AML. Here, we show that sequential treatment of AML blasts with decitabine followed by selinexor (XPO1 inhibitor) enhances the antileukemic effects of selinexor. These effects could be mediated by the re-expression of a subset of TSs (CDKN1A and FOXO3A) that are epigenetically silenced via DNA methylation, and cytoplasmic-nuclear trafficking is regulated by XPO1. We observed a significant upregulation of CDKN1A and FOXO3A in decitabine-versus control-treated cells. Sequential treatment of decitabine followed by selinexor in an MV4-11 xenograft model significantly improved survival compared with selinexor alone. On the basis of these preclinical results, a phase 1 clinical trial of decitabine followed by selinexor in elderly patients with AML has been initiated. Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to a block in differentiation and accumulation of leukemic blasts in blood and bone marrow (BM). 1 Epigenetic silencing of genes involved in hematopoietic differentiation plays a critical role in myeloid leukemogenesis. Gene silencing caused by DNA hypermethylation can be reversed pharmacologically by inhibition of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) using azanucleosides such as decitabine. 2,3 Our group recently reported a 47% complete response rate with a 10-day regimen of low-dose decitabine as a single agent in previously untreated older AML patients (.60 years). 4 Although patients' survival was not significantly better than that obtained with more intensive chemotherapy regimens (ie, 7 1 3), the single-agent decitabine regimen was well tolerated and had low toxicity. These results therefore suggest the opportunity to capitalize on this relatively nontoxic treatment and make it more effective by incorporating this compound into novel molecularly targeted approaches. Exportin 1 (XPO1) is a nuclear exporter involved in the active transport of a number of cargo proteins, including transcription factors and tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs; ie, p53 and p27), cell-cycle regulators (ie, Cdkn1a), and RNA molecules. 5,6 Recent data indicate that TSP can be exported from the nucleus and …


We should have idea, grasping opportunity, opinion, our big education market and more working method, study, grasping and breaking through for higher vocational education. Only this way can we make higher vocational education development.


South Asia, which includes Central South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Southwest Asia, had a comparatively higher population growth rate during the 30-year postwar period because of the overall backward economy and strong religious tradition. From the viewpoint of economics, the high population growth in South Asia has slowed down economic growth, increased the foreign trade imblance, and worsened poverty. Secondly, the rapid population growth has overburdened the area's educational system. The illiteracy rate has been going up continuously because of inadequate funds available for education. Thirdly, young labor is lacking in skills, training, and work experience, and related productivity has declined. Consequently, profits, the investment capability, and wages are also declining. The problems of the oversupply of labor, unemployment, and poverty have also become increasingly serious. In addition, the rapid population growth has intensified the pressure on the food supply and worsened the average nutrition of the general public. In recent years, countries in South Asia have been trying to deal with various problems caused by the rapid population growth. Measures have been taken to control the population growth, with a redistribution of the population to places outside cities, and export labor to oil-producing nations of the Middle East and Africa in order to solve the problem of the domestic labor surplus and earn more income for the foreign exchange. Countries in South Asia need more time and effort to achieve a balance between the population growth and economic development.


Strengthening integration and compliance with international regulations in general and the topic of independent audit, in particular, is a necessary issue in the current conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on assessing the current compliance status of the Vietnam independent audit, compared with international regulations to propose a system of synchronous solutions to further promote this compliance, such as an Amendment to the Law on Independent Audit, improve the VSA, perfecting supervision, perfecting training and retraining…
Từ khóa: kiểm toán độc lập, hoàn thiện, hội nhập quốc tế
Keywords: Independent Auditing, completing, international intergration
JEL Classification: M40, M42, M49


The aim of study is to examine and compare the enterprising tendencies of management and psychology students. The main research question is to identify whether university students in these two fields of study differ in their enterprising tendencies and, if so, what are the differences and common attributes. In order to answer this research question we have measured the enterprising tendency and its components entrepreneurial characteristics, using the General Enterprising Tendency v2 test (GET2test) of 325 university students of management and psychology. Our findings suggest that there are significant differences in favor of management students in terms of overall enterprising potential, as well as in four out of five its components (namely need for achievement, calculated risk taking, creative tendency and internal locus of control). In our study we discuss these findings and their implication, mainly from educational perspective.


Heating method using electric heater was used to reduce water content in fingernail clippings. Authors found that low water content is helpful to measure EPR signal of fingernail sample with enhanced variability. Generally, natu-ral dehydration happens in normal room condition at least one month and needs much time for using in experiment. So, artificial heating method is applied in this study for time savings. Fingernail samples were tested to find effect of water content to the EPR signal on microwave power levels for dosimetry. Low water content in fingernail reduced variability of EPR signal and makes it possible to measure accurate EPR signal. It also made it possible to measure constant movement of EPR signals on several microwave power levels. Although this meth-od was difficult to apply directly in fingernail/EPR dosimetry, we, authors, believe that this heating method would be useful to differentiate MIS2 and RIS which are generally located at the same g-factor and almost impossible to be identified with each other.


A series of eight aerosol transport experiments, designated as Aerosol Transport Tests (ATT) A101 through A108, has recently been completed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). These tests provide a data base for validation of aerosol transport modeling used in the TRAP-MELT2 computer code (Jordan and Kuhlman, 1985), which was developed at Battelle Columbus Laboratories to calculate aerosol/fission-product transport in the reactor coolant system in postulated light-water reactor (LWR) core-melt accidents. Results from tests A103 and A104 have been summarized in a previous paper (Wright and Pattison, 1985a); the present paper discusses results from tests A105 through A108.


This article studies effects of store layout in a department store on buyer behavior towards new products. Shelf layout -in terms of parameters which influence buyer behavior- is formulated by two variables; pattern of prices and pattern of popularity. A novel method based on previous works of authors has been developed to measure these two factors, so that they can be compared against shares of department sales statistics. Investigating this relationship helps both retailers and marketing agents to better understand effect of shelf layout in promoting a newly developed product. Results show that correlation between price difference and department share is strong. There is also a weaker correlation between pick (popularity) difference and share from department sales. Finally we have tested prediction power of our model. A set of recommendations for shelf layout is developed based on the results of the research for marketing professionals.


We summarize the recently accomplished relativistc Feynman Metropolis Teller theory of compressed atoms and its application to the description of white dwarfs and the crust of neutron stars. We briefly show also the extension of the treatment to the case of finite temperatures.


Planning of railways operation is in its nature complex and has many inherent discrepancies. The approach to this planning can be top-down (focus on total system) or bottom-up (focus on support systems for specific planning). A brief overview of Norway's railway system and recent development is given. The 'European model' with a split between train operating companies (TOCs) and infrastructure provider / regulator (IPR) has been implemented. Characteristics of the traditional planning process and new requirements to planning are discussed. The 'waterfall model', possibilities for iterations and interactions between the many participators in the process are the main issues. A brief presentation of the main planning tools in NSB (and JEW) are given, with a few comments to the present status. Interaction between systems and their support to the planning activities are essential here. We discuss some of our experiences within the planning field from the last years. Effects of the split TOCs/IPR, introduction of new systems and formalising the planning process are some keywords here. Finally we point out some main challenges within the planning field and what we believe will be the way ahead. Alternative plans, focus on costs and scarce resources, and key improvements required are among our keywords.


Due to the closed loop performance of networked control system decided by the quality of service and the quality of performance,the co-design strategy based on QoS management that considers both QoS and QoP is put forward.Firstly,the performance parameters,functions and the management process of QoS are discussed.Secondly,the co-desgin process is expounded: time delay of NCS is obtained by QoS,controller is designed and QoP is solved,and then QoP is consilient by changing QoS.Finally,the co-design strategy based on QoS management can improve the transferring efficiency,reduce the delay and delay jitter with examples.


Purpose: Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are extremely rare developmental cysts of a benign nature, which may occur anywhere in the body, although about 7% are found in the head and neck. This article reports a clinical case of a patient who had an epidermoid cyst and its magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features.
Case report: This case discusses an epidermoid cyst in a 36-year-old woman complaining about speech difficulty. Clinical examination revealed an extensive swelling on the floor of the mouth. MRI findings showed a cystic homogenous lesion located underneath the mylohyoid muscle which was removed by surgery. Histological examination of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst.
Conclusion: We concluded that MRI was considered useful for a more accurate diagnosis prior to treatment.


These words, written by Wilhelm Dilthey about a hundred years ago, are just as true today as they were then. As in Dilthey's time, many historians still deny that the historical biography is scientific in nature, because of its narrative and literary character. It isn't without irony that authors of literary fiction, conversely, often doubt the literary character of historical biographies because they are not entire ly a work of imagination. One might say that historical biography is situated in a no-man's land between art and science.


In Wealth of Nations,1 Adam Smith argued that individuals in a market economy pursue their self-interest. The more talented and industrious thrive, and the less so scratch out a more precarious existence. Yet although individuals seek only their own advantage, the economy as a whole becomes more efficient and productive. In Origin of Species,2 Charles Darwin argued that organisms compete for scarce resources. The stronger and more resourceful thrive, and the less so weaken and die. As a result, nature increases in complexity and productivity. It is unsurprising that Darwin's theory has often been read as an apologia for laissez-faire moral codes. Smith developed a laissez-faire theory of political economy. Darwin turned that economic theory into a biological fact, and so gave laissez-faire a scientific grounding. Counternarratives have also been offered. Some argue that Darwin's demonstration of how nature is tells us nothing about how we ought to behave. Others point to Darwin's interest in cooperation between organisms and see support for communitarian ethics. Despite their diver-


Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of highly insulating materials is a complicated prob- lem, partially solved by coating samples with ground- ed thin conductive layers or using novel scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, such as low- voltage and=or variable pressure SEM. In this work, some problems of quantitative X-ray microanalysis of thin HfO2 films, in particular the possibility to deter- mine mass thickness correlated to the density of the layer material, are discussed. For comparison, Al2O3, Ta2O5 and TiO2 films grown onto both semiconductive Si and insulating quartz substrates were also analysed. All the films studied were synthesized by atomic layer deposition method.


Leading the rural-urban migration is the key to solving the problem of imbalanced urban structure in China; in which the migration will of the rural-urban migrants should not be ignored, especially the permanent will of migration. This paper uses the ratio of rent to income as an indicator of the housing affordability of rural-urban migrants, empirically analyzes the impact of housing affordability on the permanent migration will of rural-urban migrants. It was found that the impact of rent-income ratio is significant and there exists a turning point. Before the point, the ratio is positively correlated with the permanent migration will of rural migrants; whereas after the turning point, they are negatively correlated. Before that point, relative to income of rural migrants, the rents are still bearable and the ratio does not have a negative effect on the migration will, which explains why a large number of rural-urban migrants tend to choose the large-sized cities with higher housing prices, rather than the small and medium-sized cities or small towns with lower housing prices.


With the development of space technology, microwave components with increased power handling capability and reduced weight have been urgently required. In this work, the perforated waveguide technology is proposed to suppress the multipactor effect of high power microwave components. Meanwhile, this novel method has the advantage of reducing components' weight, which makes it to have great potential in space applications. The perforated part of the waveguide components can be seen as an electron absorber (namely, its total electron emission yield is zero) since most of the electrons impacting on this part will go out of the components. Based on thoroughly benchmarked numerical simulation procedures, we simulated an S band and an X band waveguide transformer to conceptually verify this idea. Both electron dynamic simulations and electrical loss simulations demonstrate that the perforation technology can improve the multipactor threshold at least ∼8 dB while maintaining the acceptable insertion loss level c...


The stable isotope and trace element geochemistry of planktonic foraminifera is commonly used to reconstruct palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic parameters across recent and deeper timescales. However, aspects of their ecology, such as photosymbiont presence, ontogenetic growth and depth habitats, are suggested to alter these proxy signatures. Ecologies are additionally thought to change through time, creating further complications. Therefore, constraining foraminiferal palaeoecology, particularly during epochs which aid us in understanding future climate, is vital, to validate any proxy signals obtained. Two such epochs are the Eocene and Miocene, characterised by temperatures and CO2 levels comparable to a future warmer world. Many species within these periods have unresolved palaeoecologies. This thesis investigates the palaeoecology of multiple Eocene and Miocene planktonic foraminiferal species (from sites with well-preserved specimens) with unresolved palaeoecologies, using δ 13C, δ 18O, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and B/Ca. Whole and intra–shell geochemistry is investigated, using a combination of isotope ratio mass spectrometry and high resolution analytical techniques (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, electron microprobe analysis). It is shown for the first time that intra-chamber and size-segregated trace element/Ca data do not vary between Eocene foraminiferal species with differing ecologies (except Globigerina cf. bulloides and Pseudohastigerina wilcoxensis). Eocene and Miocene species EMPA data exhibit intra-shell Mg heterogeneity between species with varying depth habitats and photosymbiotic partnerships. Combining EMPA data with size-segregated δ 13C data is shown to be beneficial in distinguishing photosymbiotic species. Lastly, size-segregated δ 13C data from the species Globigerinatheka index indicate that it is possible for planktonic foraminifera to facultatively host photosymbionts in response to unfavourable environmental conditions. Having constrained the ecologies of various Eocene species, discrepancies between their inorganic proxy data are revealed and discussed. Overall, this thesis amplifies the importance of disentangling foraminiferal palaeoecology before constructing long-term downcore records, to mitigate the issues which vital effects can create.


Objective To explore the feasibility,essentiality and practicability of the grouping nursing records under the condition that nursing records ar pigeonholed with medical records. Methods The grouping nursing records form was designed combined with the features of the specialty of hepatobiliar surgery. It was applied in over 20 clinical departments in our hospital replacing the traditional ward report. The nursing umssages were collected and writter in the grouping nursing records form,which was used for shift hand over together with the patients' information in nurse station. Results The groupin nursing records provided more detailed primary nursing information for records that would be pigeonholed than the traditional ward report. It was cenvenien for nurses to collect and write nursing information timely arid consistently,also easy to be carried about,and was helpful for the doctors and nurses to maste all the patients' information in the nursing group and the department. It made the shift hand over to be objective, timely and focused, which reduced the nurses' burden in shift hand over. Conclusion The grouping nursing records could replace the traditional ward report, and it has been proved to be prac ticable for clinical work.


BACKGROUND
Adjuvant bisphosphonates, when given in a low estrogen environment, can decrease breast cancer recurrence and death. Treatment guidelines include recommendations for adjuvant bisphosphonates in postmenopausal patients. SWOG/Alliance/Canadian Cancer Trials Group/ECOG-ACRIN/NRG Oncology study S0307 compared the efficacy of three bisphosphonates in early stage breast cancer.

METHODS
Patients with stage I-III breast cancer were randomized to 3 years of intravenous zoledronic acid, oral clodronate, or oral ibandronate. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS) with overall survival (OS) a secondary outcome. All statistical tests were two-sided.

RESULTS
6,097 patients enrolled. Median age was 52.7 years. Prior to randomization, 73.2% of patients indicated preference for oral versus intravenous formulation. DFS did not differ across arms in a log-rank test (p = 0.49). 5-year DFS was 88.3% (zoledronic acid, 95% CI 86.9%-89.6%), 87.6% (clodronate, 95% CI 86.1%-88.9%), and 87.4% (ibandronate, 95% CI 85.6%-88.9%). 5-year OS also did not differ between arms (log rank p = 0.50) and was 92.6% (zoledronic acid, 95% CI 91.4%-93.6%), 92.4% (clodronate 95% CI 91.2%-93.5%), and 92.9%% (ibandronate 95% CI 91.5%-94.1%). Bone as first site of recurrence did not differ between arms (P = 0.93). Analyses based on age and tumor subtypes showed no treatment differences. Grade 3/4 toxicity was 8.8% (zoledronic acid), 8.3% (clodronate), and 10.5% (ibandronate). Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ) was highest for zoledronic acid (1.26%), compared to clodronate (0.36%) and ibandronate (0.77%).

CONCLUSIONS
We found no evidence of differences in efficacy by type of bisphosphonate, either in overall analysis or subgroups. Despite an increased rate of ONJ with zoledronic acid, overall toxicity grade differed little across arms. Given that patients expressed preference for oral formulation, efforts to make oral agents available in the U.S. should be considered.


The potential requirement for electric power infrastructure development in Asia over the next decade has been identified as being of the order of 300,000 MW of new plant. Australian power utilities through the diversity of raw energy sources available to them have developed skills over the full spectrum of electricity generation engineering. In addition, due to Australia's geography and demographics, Australian utilities have developed expertise in long transmission systems, high density reticulation and remote area distribution. All of these areas of engineering expertise will be in demand in Asia over the next decade. Three of the utilities Pacific Power, State Electricity Commission of Victoria and the Hydro Electric Commission of Tasmania have formed consulting companies to place their engineering skills into the external market place. This paper describes the potential for international opportunities in power infrastructure and the benefits to Australian engineering as a whole that can flow from an involvement by the consulting arms of three power utilities.


AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb heterojunction phototransistors were developed at Astropower, Inc under Laser Risk Reduction Program (LRRP) for operation in the 2-μm region. These phototransistors were optimized for 2-μm detection and have high quantum efficiency (>60%), high gain (>10) and low noiseequivalent-power (<5x10 W/√Hz), while operating at low bias voltage. One of these phototransistors was tested in lidar mode using the 2-μm CO2 Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system currently under development under the Instrument Incubator Program (IIP) at NASA Langley. Lidar measurements included detecting atmospheric structures consisting of thin clouds in the mid-altitude and near-field boundary layer. These test results are very promising for the application of phototransistors for the two-micron lidar remote sensing. In addition, HgCdTe avalanche photodiodes (APD) acquired from Raytheon were used in atmospheric testing at 2-μm. A discussion of these measurements is also presented in this paper.


ABSTRACT
 In this article, we develop the intersection of Shīʿī Islamic philosophy and extraterrestrial life. We explain the view of Ḥukamā (Islamic Philosophers) and what implications it holds for asserting a plurality of worlds and life forms. In addition to this, we bring Shīʿī hadīth sources which also suggest the existence of other life forms outside the earth. Combining the philosophical and textual evidence, we argue that the Shīʿī school not only suggests the existence of extraterrestrial life but also provides a potential framework for possible human-extraterrestrial interactions.


Popular culture thrives on a portrayal of evil as murder, mayhem, and violence. Today's movies try to "outdo" predecessors with gruesome acts committed by egregious monsters.1 Unfortunately, this media depiction of evil has lost its power to explore the much greater evil that humankind faces when societies destroy, impoverish, and enslave on a massive scale as a result of small actions taken by ordinary citizens. Hannah Arendt captured this evil in her phrase "the banality of evil."2 Ironically, the phrase and its meaning have become banal—too often repeated to form the basis for depictions by the media, which must always strive for the new and different. In 1957, however, a black-and-white film, having virtually no action, and taking place in a locked room, created a portrait that more chillingly reveals the evil around us that, but for constant vigilance, can unleash the worst forms of terror. This film, 12 Angry Men,3 offers a portrayal that allows us to explore the evil of indifference that is far more pervasive and powerful than the evil of monsters common in film but rare in life. 12 Angry Men is best known for its portrayal of a highly charged jury deliberation. It is also recognized for its fine ensemble cast, including Henry Fonda. What it is not known for, however, and which I intend to take as my focus, is its depiction of everyday acts by ordinary men that have the potential to lead to unspeakable evil. The lesson is made more poignant by the setting: our legal system. My intent is to show how indifference, whether through haste, bias, or bore-


To the Editor: We read with interest the article published in a recent issue of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine by Alcamo et al (1) was of great relevance to the medical literature as it highlights the profile of microorganisms involved in severe sepsis in patients that underwent liver transplantation, especially considering the significant morbidity and mortality associated with infection in the early and late posttransplant periods. The cited study has several qualities, it was conducted in a tertiary center with expertise and pioneering techniques in pediatric liver transplantation, with a large sample of patients over the years. Also, the results indicated that patients with multidrug-resistant organism infections had a higher severity score, thus requiring mechanical ventilation, and hydrocortisone therapy (1). Although the study was retrospective and performed in a single center, it yielded enough information and statistical analysis of the great significance, conveying data of utmost importance to other centers that perform liver transplantation (1). Currently, we see an increase in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms worldwide, for example, in the study of Freire et al (2), a significant multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria colonization rate was observed in posttransplant patients. Our institution has encountered a similar profile of infections by multidrug-resistant organisms postliver transplantation patients. We are a tertiary hospital in a developing country with a 16-bed PICU. We also have a considerable pediatric liver transplant program and perform said surgery in many undernourished patients. This aspect is very relevant in our opinion, but it was not commented by the authors and can have a significant impact to the evolution in the PICU. Comparing data from medical literature, there is an increased occurrence rate of infection during the first year of posttransplantation (around 80% of the cases), and the vast majority is bacterial occurring during the first month (3). As far as we are concerned in most developing countries not only severity of liver disease is a priority condition to indicate liver transplantation but also the nutritional clinical condition contributes to the predisposition to infection since common signs and symptoms of infections are often masked by immunosuppressive therapy. In our center, we found 50.0% undernutrition by height/age and 27.3% by weight/age standards in patients that underwent liver transplantation (4).


In most blockchain-based application scenarios, a complete application logic consists of multiple continuous transactions, in which the initiation of one transaction depends on the confirmation result of the previous one. This mandates that continuous transactions must be processed in the correct order. Unfortunately, existing chain-based blockchains fail to effectively support continuous transaction processing due to considerable latency in confirming continuous transactions. Recent studies shifted from chain-based blockchains to Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) based blockchains, which reduced transaction confirmation latencies. However, DAG-based blockchains store transactions in an out-of-order manner that leads to unordered transaction processing. To address this challenge, we propose FLUID, a new DAG-based blockchain that supports continuous transaction processing while delivering high performance. The fundamental idea of FLUID is to design a transaction dependency tracking structure to ensure that continuous transactions can be processed in the correct order. FLUID utilizes a conflict resolution mechanism to provide instant confirmation and to support concurrent transaction processing with lower latencies. In addition, FLUID builds a checkpoint-based verification mechanism to achieve deterministic consensus on transaction processing results in the DAG. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed FLUID can improve the throughput over state-of-the-art OHIE by 66% with two orders of magnitude lower latencies.


This paper presents a single chip implementation of a space-time algorithm for co-channel interference (CCI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) reduction in GSM/DCS systems. The temporal channel for the Viterbi receiver and the beamformer weights for the CCI rejection are estimated jointly by optimizing a suitable cost function for separable space-time channels. By taking into account of the current integration capabilities provided by the FPGA (field programmable gate array), the feasibility of a single chip JSTE solution based on a three-processor architecture for carrier beamforming, equalization and demodulation is demonstrated.


Most of the existing building floor roof of brick structure is precast floor slab structures, which structural integrity is not good. In the earthquake, the floor is easy to fall off from the wall, causing casualties and economic losses. Vertical bearing capacity of precast floor slab are usually able to meet the requirements. In most cases the floors have been fall off from the wall before the floors were damaged, Stability of the outer plane of the floor itself to be adequate.By analyzing the patterns and characteristics of precast floor slabs crack under seismic force often appear, this paper presents that the prefabricated floor flat overall reinforcement scheme, which the application of steel band with end portion of the floor a holistic reinforcement,and finite element software ABAQUS be counted cases,the integrity of the reinforced floor to achieve significant improvement, and maximum allowable displacement can be controlled within a limited value.


Using a thin layer chromatography the content and composition of krill lipids was examined in different sex and maturity stages. The content of lipids decreased in the following sequence: immature males — females with eggs — juvenile specimens — spent females — mature males. In females the differences concerned mainly phospholipids and waxes, in males — triacylglicerols; this fact proves the different utilisation of lipids for reproduction in both sexes. K e y w o r d s : Antarctica, krill, lipids.


... Civil Society, Public Authority and Religious Communities ... This can be taken as a starting point to discuss the extent of a religious community's right to autonomy and self-determination also from the perspective of individuals, whether members or not of the community, as bearers of individual rights, including the freedom of religion. ... According to the second sentence of Article 18, paragraph 1 of the Covenant, religious freedom shall include freedom, either individually or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in worship, observance, practice and teaching. ... In a decision of 1976 the Commission adopted a different position, arguing that a religious community or church itself was protected in its rights under Article 9 of the Convention:

... If a religious community does not meet the requirements for public law status there is the possibility to be registered under private law, usually as a non-profit association, enjoying tax-exempt status. ... From this latter perspective they should be treated as other participants of societal discourse, bearing in mind, however, that they have to be distinguished from actors which exercise public authority. ...


the geography of underdevelopment a critical survey is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the the geography of underdevelopment a critical survey is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Suffering from approximations in potential such as the quark mass or velocity expansion, it is hard to explain the mass order of $1^{+}$ heavy-light doublet, and we are also confused by the value of the mixing angle of $1^{+}$ doublet as well as the low mass of $D_{s1}(2460)$. A solution is proposed to solve above problems by a relativistic method with a "full" potential. We find there exist the phenomenon of mixing angle inversion, which can be described as depending on the light constitute quark mass, and explain the mass inversion between the $D_{s1}(2536)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$ satisfactorily, and partly explain why the mass of $D_{s1}(2460)$ is lower than model prediction. This picture of mixing angle inversion can answer the question why we have confused mixing angles in literature. We predict that there is no mass inversion between the two $D_{s1}(2P)$ states, but exist for all the bottomed $1P$ doublets, that means the non-observed bottomed $1^+$ states are broad states and lighter than their corresponding partners. We also find that the decay constants can serve to distinguish the $1^+$ doublet.


With the urge to Africanise the curriculum following colonisation, many African countries are still wary of the educational initiatives from the developed countries. However, with the clear curriculum design and development guidelines provided by various national Quality Assurance bodies, African countries need not fear migrating curricula from developed countries. Drawing from the workshop experiences, authors of this paper illustrate the steps involved in migrating, contextualising and adapting a professional field of study in a multi-institutional partnership, with particular focus on the competence-based curriculum design and development process. The process of migrating higher education (HE) Administration, Leadership and Management curriculum taught at the University of Tampere (Finland) to a Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education Leadership and Management (PGDHELM) curriculum at Uganda Management Institute (UMI) in partnership with the Makerere University and the University of Helsinki involved undertaking a needs assessment, training of trainers and adapting the programme to the UMI context. The training of trainers provided opportunity for the trainees to reflect and generate information on the status of HE leadership and management in Uganda. The curriculum was institutionalised by aligning it to the vision, mission and profile of UMI in the context of the existing internal and external Quality Assurance frameworks. This paper underscores the importance of involving stakeholders, taking into account national and institutional requirements in all the steps when migrating an academic curriculum.


The horizontal distribution and speciation of iron in the Otago Harbour, New Zealand, a shallow, vertically well mixed estuary, was investigated on six occasions from April to November 1993. Iron speciation was determined by a suite of analytical methods focussing on the chemical reactivity of iron. The dominant source of iron into the water column in these waters was resuspension of bottom sediments, particularly under windy conditions. The only important freshwater source of iron to the harbour, the Water of Leith, appeared to be a major source of iron to Otago Harbour only under conditions of high stream flow. However, the influence of the Water of Leith was often detectable down harbour by the presence of more reactive/labile iron phases. Prolonged periods of strong winds also appeared to supply large concentrations of reactive iron to the water column, possibly by mixing and resuspension of sediment material from below the redox boundary. Experiments on natural samples from Otago Harbour revealed that at pH 4.0 ascorbic acid was able to reduce Fe(III) oxyhydroxides more effectively than was hydroxylamine hydrochloride. This difference may reflect either different mechanisms for the reduction of iron oxyhydroxides or differences in the crystallinity of these oxyhydroxides.


We consider the practical investment consequences of implementing the two most popular formulations of the scalarization (or risk-aversion) parameter in the time-consistent dynamic mean–variance (MV) portfolio optimization problem. Specifically, we compare results using a scalarization parameter assumed to be (i) constant and (ii) inversely proportional to the investor's wealth. Since the link between the scalarization parameter formulation and risk preferences is known to be nontrivial (even in the case where a constant scalarization parameter is used), the comparison is viewed from the perspective of an investor who is otherwise agnostic regarding the philosophical motivations underlying the different formulations and their relation to theoretical risk-aversion considerations, and instead simply wishes to compare investment outcomes of the different strategies. In order to consider the investment problem in a realistic setting, we extend some known results to allow for the case where the risky asset follows a jump-diffusion process, and examine multiple sets of plausible investment constraints that are applied simultaneously. We show that the investment strategies obtained using a scalarization parameter that is inversely proportional to wealth, which enjoys widespread popularity in the literature applying MV optimization in institutional settings, can exhibit some undesirable and impractical characteristics.


It is shown that any subset of a topological abelian monoid gives rise to a generalized homology theory that is closely related to the notion of labeled configuration space. Applications of the main theo- rem include generalizations of the classical Dold-Thom and the Barratt- Priddy-Quillen-Segal theorems.


Quantum Dots present unique gain media for high speed photonic devices at 1310 and 1550 nm offering features sought-after for long time like 10 Gbit/sec ultra-low bit error rate direct modulation or ultrafast gain recovery.


PURPOSE: To improve the impact path characteristic of a shock absorber by having a pot-shaped impact member subdivided into plural shearing zones so that the energy of a collision can be absorbed by a plurality of chronologically successive shearing procedures of the shock absorbing material, with the curved parts of the shearing zones continuous in the vertical direction. CONSTITUTION: This shock absorber is in the form of an impact pot B whose section is in the shape of a stepped terrace or a stepped pyramid. The impact pot B has shearing zones 3 with plural steps adjacent to each other. The shearing zone with the largest diameter abuts to an internal lining 2, or on the contrary, abuts to an external plane 1. The shearing zones 3 have both a large diameter zone and a small diameter zone, so it may abut both to the external plane 1 and the internal lining 2. The shock absorber is molded so that the diameter is symmetrically or asymmetrically increased toward the center in the former case, and decreased in the latter case. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


The work is devoted to the problem of efficiency of water – oil emulsions mechanical activation, applied at edge cutting of metals. It is known, that the lubricant layers, generated in conditions of limited access of external environment, have boundary mode and constructs like epitropic mesophases. But supramolecular structure and consequently tribological properties of this phase in conditions of limited access to the contact zone, strongly depend from the row of previous physicochemical processes. In the work the problem of the mathematical description of boundary lubricant layer formation process in case of edge cutting of metals in the widespread water – oil emulsional lubricooling media is solved. The fact, that preliminary dispersing of emulsions (mechanoactivation), leading to decreasing of the disperse phase size, causes the essential decreasing in cutting force, has received the explanation. The description is based on the idea of microcapillary mechanism of lubrication action at edge cutting and the concept of «necessary kinetic condition for realization of lubricant action at cutting». The estimated calculations, made according to the developed model for conditions of typical mode of cutting, confirm the experimental data, received earlier. The offered formulas for calculation give the chance to predict the efficiency of mechanical emulsion lubricants activation, depending on both size distribution of small colloid particles and technological parameters of edge cutting process. It is offered to model the last stage of the process of boundary lubricant layer ordered structure formation by methods of molecular dynamics.


Abstract International advertising has been dominated for over two decades by the standardization-adaptation of advertising message controversy. This study reports how selected structural and environmental elements impact multinational corporation decisions to change or maintain sales platforms and creative contexts of advertising themes. It was found that message adaptations are more likely in high sales subsidiaries and in high GNP per capita markets. Few significant differences were found between developed and developing markets as to reasons given to adapt and standardize themes.


structure, institution and agency as they operate to produce locally-specific social exclusion. Carried out in the case of Johannesburg, such an analysis helps uncover important recent developments, which more traditional readings of the city have hitherto tended to bypass. Summarizing an impressive amount of empirical evidence, the picture of Johannesburg with which we are presented is that of an increasingly fragmented society, with inequalities running across a multiplicity of axes. Underlying these developments is the city's economic transition, initiated in the late 1970s but accelerated in the 1990s, encompassing both a shift in the main sectors of activity (tertiarization of the economy) and a shift from import substitution to an export-led growth model (Part I). The social and spatial repercussions of such developments are commensurate with post-Fordist urban transition in the industrial North. Changes in production and consumption are leading to a more extreme pattern of class segregation rather than the physical integration of the post-apartheid ideal. Exclusion in contemporary Johannesburg is thus increasingly a class phenomenon, with a small class of well-off, demanding and increasingly multiracial postFordist winners distancing ever further a long tail of precarious, unskilled and largely (black) unemployed (or informally employed) postFordist losers. The overall picture of fragmentation is echoed at a micro level of analysis (Part IV). Households, women, youth, migrants, HIV/AIDS-infected people, communities, are all shown to be differently affected by macroeconomic changes. Unequal, too, is their ability to respond, to access municipal resources or take part in the newly evolved participatory governance mechanisms. Thus, social exclusion is also about being a freshly arrived back-yard shack dweller in one of the many townships perforating the Johannesburg landscape. It is about being a foreign African trader hampered by debilitating xenophobia. Social exclusion is about not being affiliated to the right political party, the most powerful civic organization or resident association in particular parts of the city. But exclusion is also a chosen means of coping in the fast-changing, polarized and violent city, when residents opt for gatedcommunity or migrant hostel accommodation. The juxtaposition and richness of these macro, meso and micro layers of analyses, rarely brought together in prior accounts of the city, the profusion of empirical evidence, combine to make Uniting a divided city an essential read for students of Johannesburg – and other divided cities. Inevitably, the reader is left at times wanting for more: more information about the dynamics of social exclusion in other parts of the city, and how these relate to the wider city environment; more details on the role of intermediary institutions such as trade unions, business organizations or civics, in shaping/mediating those dynamics. Perhaps also, a firmer statement about how a greater sensitivity to the multiple causes of exclusion – which lie at the interface of a structureinstitution-agency analysis – can be operationalized towards the establishment of inclusive urban governance; how it can help redirect the deep structural divisive tendencies of this postFordist city towards a positive and inclusive urban future. That we are left with such an awoken sense of curiosity is testimony to the book's success. Bold in its scope, in its claims for Johannesburg as quintessential twentyfirst century city, in its cosmopolitan reading of cities in general, the book is ultimately, also, a thoroughly enjoyable read: complex, stimulating, informative and yet highly accessible.


By using the density functional theory method, we calculate the 13C NMR isotropic chemical shifts of the semiconducting and semimetallic infinite single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). We find that the 13C chemical shifts of SWNTs with the diameter smaller than 1.4 A can be classified into two distinct groups according to their electronic structures: the semiconducting group and the semimetallic group. The chemical shifts of the semiconducting group decrease monotonously with the increasing nanotube diameter, and are 0−12 ppm strikingly larger than those of their semimetallic counterparts in the typical diameter range (1.05 ± 0.2 nm) of SWNTs produced by the common high-pressure CO decomposition method (HiPCO). The chemical shifts of the two groups overlap around the diameter of 1.4 A. Then the chemical shift of the semimetallic group becomes larger than that of the similar-sized semiconducting group as the diameter is larger than 1.4 A. The chemical shifts of the four examined helical SWNTs are very clo...


Orthopedic prosthesis joint with hydropneumatic cylinder and electromagnetic flexion locking. The invention relates to an orthopedic prosthesis joint allowing to lock the flexion. It is comprised of a first hydraulic cylinder (1) which regulates in an antagonist way the flexion and the extension of the joint through two adjustable non return valves (7 and 8) situated on the external circulation of the fluid (9). A second pneumatic cylinder (2) associated with the first cylinder has the function of damping the end of stroke and of propulsor, by means of compressed air. An electrovalve (10 and 22) controlled by front and rear contacts at the top of the prosthesis allows to lock the joint in the flexion phase (compression of the cylinder). Said assembly is installed in a joint prosthesis made of composite material (carbon).


As biometric technology provide superior levels of accuracy, security, and convenience, it is important to understand the extent to which they are applicable in travel. This research reviews the applicability of biometric technology in travel, emphasizing the most critical opportunities and challenges. The opportunities offered by biometric systems in travel can materialize in superior identity management, increased convenience, and better human resource management. Such opportunities can be achieved through specific biometric applications, such as identity management and immigration systems, registered traveler programs, biometric passports, hotel access systems, and payment/retail systems in hotels/restaurants/resorts. Although biometric applications are promising in travel, their large-scale deployment by organizations and adoption by travelers is hindered by a number of challenges. Such challenges include privacy, fear of harm resulting from using the system, and general user anxiety, which need to be addressed before large-scale deployment of biometrics in travel, to guarantee adoption and its associated benefits.


AbstractThe environments of severe and nonsevere thunderstorms were analyzed using 16 421 proximity soundings from December 2007 to December 2013 taken at 32 central European stations. The soundings were assigned severity categories for the following hazards: hail, wind, tornado, and rain. For each of the soundings, parameters were calculated representing the instability, vertical wind profile, and moisture of the environment. The probability of the various hazards as a function of CAPE and 0–6-km bulk shear (DLS) is quite different for each of the hazards. Large hail is most likely for high CAPE and high DLS, a regime that also supports severe wind events. A second severe wind regime exists for low CAPE and very high DLS. These events are mostly cold season events. Storms with significant tornadoes occur with much higher DLS than storms with weak or no tornadoes, but with similar CAPE. The 0–1-km bulk shear (LLS) does not discriminate better than DLS between weak and significant tornadoes. Heavy rain eve...


Barron and Klein (1) define consciousness very narrowly, excluding most of the attributes commonly associated with it (e.g., self-awareness). By limiting the definition to a form of information processing, they find that insects qualify. However, just to put this conclusion in perspective, by the same definition, some robots are also conscious and capable of subjective experience. Autonomous, self-navigating robots with motivational circuitry [e.g., (2)] fit Barron and Klein's definition of a conscious entity (1). These robots create an integrated "neural" simulation of themselves in space and use appropriate internal and external information …


'The Scientific, ethical, and political issues raised by international research are not new. m the Context of HIV infection or disease, however, these issues are complicated and intricate, due to the nature of the disease itself, its epidemiological and clinical CharaCtefisticS. AIDS is not the first pandemic of this centUJ.Y; it is not the only deadly disease affecting young men, women and their infaIItS; it k not the Only diseaSe traSme1 began only a few years ago. It has already grown dmmatically, with more than 2 million people already infected. By the<year 2000, between 11 and 45 million people will be infected [2]. These figures are shocking, Yet they reflect only Partially the full impact of the epidemic. Beyond its medical and demographic consequences, the social, political and economic Consequences of AIDS appear unbounded, especially in developing countries. This new pandemic is a challenge for our societies as it is for the. medical and Scientific fields. The pressure on scientists to solve the crisis to find a vaccine or a cure places a special burden that must be taken into consideration in decisions related to biomedical research. Essential to these decisions are prinCipleS inherent in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: 1) the principle of respect for persons, which includes informed consent and the right to privacy; 2) the principle of maximal benefit (beneficence) versus minimum harm (nonmaleficence), which is derived from the right to life; and 3) the principle of justice, which holds that individuals should equally share the risks and benefits of research. An unprecedented amount of resources have been deployed to try to contain if not Curb the epidemic. Information and prevention Campaigns have been orchestrated at a world wide level, and in almost every country a national program on AIDS has been put in place witi considerable funding (unmatched by any other national public health programs). Yet nowhere


The text summarize how to make environment protection strategy of local government, by analyzing key success factors of local environment protection through brain storm, discomposing from the up down key success factors of local environment through strategic goals correlations, and abstracting Local Party and Government Leaders key environment protection performance indicators through fishbone diagram as a process in making environment protection performance indicators of the leaders; analyze how to choose subject of local party and government leaders environment protection performance assessment by subject method of stakeholders; how to design weights of the assessment through Delphi method, etc. to systematically build Strategy-Oriented Local Party and Government Leaders Environment Protection Performance Assessment Indicator System, which is expected to have some policy implication in building Local Party and Government Leaders Environment Protection Performance Assessment Indicator System in China‥


Purpose – A multi-physics process model is developed to analyze reactive melt infiltration (RMI) fabrication of ceramic-matrix composite (CMC) materials and components. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – Within this model, the following key physical phenomena governing this process are accounted for: capillary and gravity-driven unsaturated flow of the molten silicon into the SiC/SiC CMC preform; chemical reactions between the silicon melt and carbon (either the one produced by the polymer-binder pyrolysis or the one residing within the dried matrix slurry); thermal-energy transfer and source/sink phenomena accompanying reactive-flow infiltration; volumetric changes accompanying chemical reactions of the molten silicon with the SiC preform and cooling of the as-fabricated CMC component to room temperature; development of residual stresses within, and thermal distortions of, the as-fabricated CMC component; and grain-microstructure development within the SiC matrix during R...


We model the long-term X-ray and ultraviolet (XUV) luminosity of TRAPPIST-1 to constrain the evolving high-energy radiation environment experienced by its planetary system. Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, we derive probabilistic constraints for TRAPPIST-1's stellar and XUV evolution that account for observational uncertainties, degeneracies between model parameters, and empirical data of low-mass stars. We constrain TRAPPIST-1's mass to m⋆ = 0.089 ± 0.001 M⊙ and find that its early XUV luminosity likely saturated at . From the posterior distribution, we infer that there is a ∼40% chance that TRAPPIST-1 is still in the saturated phase today, suggesting that TRAPPIST-1 has maintained high activity and LXUV/Lbol ≈ 10−3 for several gigayears. TRAPPIST-1's planetary system therefore likely experienced a persistent and extreme XUV flux environment, potentially driving significant atmospheric erosion and volatile loss. The inner planets likely received XUV fluxes ∼103–104 times that of the modern Earth during TRAPPIST-1's ∼1 Gyr long pre-main-sequence phase. Deriving these constraints via MCMC is computationally nontrivial, so scaling our methods to constrain the XUV evolution of a larger number of M dwarfs that harbor terrestrial exoplanets would incur significant computational expenses. We demonstrate that approxposterior, an open source Python machine learning package for approximate Bayesian inference using Gaussian processes, accurately and efficiently replicates our analysis using 980 times less computational time and 1330 times fewer simulations than MCMC sampling using emcee. We find that approxposterior derives constraints with mean errors on the best-fit values and 1σ uncertainties of 0.61% and 5.5%, respectively, relative to emcee.


Obtaining geometric snapshots of a protein as it folds will yield insights into how proteins achieve their unique functional native 3-dimensional structure. Time-resolved FRET and time-resolved anisotropy are valuable tools toward obtaining information about site-specific distances and side-chain mobility of the transient structures formed within microseconds of initiating protein folding. To access this timescale we have merged dual-channel TCSPC detection with recently developed laser-micromachining based microsecond turbulent mixer technology to obtain site-specific distance information and rotational correlation times of protein folding intermediates in the 30 microsecond to seconds timescale. Application of this approach shows that chain collapse to globular structures can occur in the several microsecond timescale even for large proteins.


Our earlier work with low-fat diets (Manners & McCrea, 1962) had shown no advantage in giving more than 25% crude protein to piglets over the period from 2 to 28 days of life. Our aims in the experiments now described were to determine if the requirement for protein is greater when high-fat diets are used, to compare fat and carbohydrate as energy sources, and to test the effect of homogenization on the utilization of dietary fat. The three experiments are numbered consecutively to those reported in the previous paper (Manners & McCrea, 1962). In the first (Expt 4) a control low-fat diet was compared with three diets containing different quantities of protein and in which 9 % lard replaced some of the maize starch in order to determine the effect of fat on protein requirements; in the second (Expt s) diets containing 21 % fat derived from dried whole milk and different quantities of protein were compared; in the third (Expt 6) the effect of a diet containing 20% lard that had been melted before incorporation was compared with the effect of a diet containing the same amount of emulsified lard. A third diet in which an equicalorific amount of glucose replaced the lard was included in the comparison in Expt 6.


Background: The drug delivery vehicle 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) prevents cholesterol storage. Results: HPβCD treatment induces TFEB mediated activation of autophagy and clearance of the autophagic substrate ceroid lipopigment. Conclusion: HPβCD administration results in enhancement of the innate autophagic clearance capacity. Significance: Dissecting the cellular pathways impacted by HPβCD is crucial to design HPβCD-based therapeutic modalities. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved excipient used to improve the stability and bioavailability of drugs. Despite its wide use as a drug delivery vehicle and the recent approval of a clinical trial to evaluate its potential for the treatment of a cholesterol storage disorder, the cellular pathways involved in the adaptive response that is activated upon exposure to HPβCD are still poorly defined. Here, we show that cell treatment with HPβCD results in the activation of the transcription factor EB, a master regulator of lysosomal function and autophagy, and in enhancement of the cellular autophagic clearance capacity. HPβCD administration promotes transcription factor EB-mediated clearance of proteolipid aggregates that accumulate due to inefficient activity of the lysosome-autophagy system in cells derived from a patient with a lysosomal storage disorder. Interestingly, HPβCD-mediated activation of autophagy was found not to be associated with activation of apoptotic pathways. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the cellular response to HPβCD treatment, which will inform the development of safe HPβCD-based therapeutic modalities and may enable engineering HPβCD as a platform technology to reduce the accumulation of lysosomal storage material.


The virus disease of sunflower was recognized by mi ld, mosaic symptoms followed by severe necrosis wer e noticed in sunflower plants. It is widely distributed and s evere disease in India. Sunflower necrosis virus di sease caused by a strain of Tospo Virus (TSWV) genus belongs to Bun iyaviridae family. Systemically infected sunflower leaves showing characteristic mild mosaic, severe mosaic a nd necrosis were collected from Thondavada village, Regional Agricultural research station (RARS), Tirupati. In the present study, an attempt has been made to ana lyze certain biochemical changes in sunflower necrosis virus inf ecting sunflower crops in Rayalseema region of Andh ra Pradesh. The virus culture was maintained on sunflo wer plants. Leaf samples were collected and proces sed for biochemical studies. The fresh sunflower leaf sampl es were collected and the nucleic acids and ascorbi c acid were estimated in both healthy and infected sunflower pl ants. The total nucleic acids and ascorbic acid con tents were less in infected leaves compared to healthy.


SWEDEN. S. Holm-Alwmark1,2,3, T. Erickson4,5 and A. J. Cavosie5, 1Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2Natural History Museum Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, 3Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (email@example.com), 4Jacobs – JETS, NASA Johnson Space Center, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, Mailcode XI3, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX, 77058 USA, 5Space Science and Technology Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, GPO Box U1987, WA 6845, Australia.


Computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools are currently broadly utilized as a part of the manufacturing business. With an expanding request on the dimensional precision of machined parts, analysts are keeping on looking for different techniques to enhance the machining accuracy of CNC machines. Contouring accuracy regarding contour error is a major sympathy toward the planners and end-clients of contouring (or continuous-path) kind of CNC machines. In this paper, a methodology for axial dynamics matching through increase tuning is proposed for enhancing the contouring accuracy in CNC machines. All the more particularly, gain tuning has a place with contouring control.


effects of various antineoplastic agents. Pharmacological basis of cancer chemotherapy. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1975:401-68. 1 Reimer RR, Hover R, Fraumeni JF, et al. Acute leukaemia after alkylating agent therapy of ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 1977;297:177-81. 12 Rosner F, Grunwald H. Multiple myeloma terminating in acute leukaemia. Am J Med 1974;57:927-37. 13 Rosner F. Acute leukaemia as a delayed consequence of cancer chemotherapy. Cancer 1976;37:1033-6. 14 Falck K, Grohn P, Sorsa M, Vainio H, Heinonen E, Holsti LR. Mutagenicity in urine of nurses handling cytostatic drugs. Lancet 1979;i: 1250-1. 15 Lassila 0, Toivanen A, Nordman E. Immune function in nurses handling cytostatic drugs. Lancet 1980;ii:482. 16 McLendon BF, Bron AJ. Corneal toxicity from vinblastine solution. Br3J Ophthalmol 1978;62:97-9. 17 Donner AL. Possible risks of working with antineoplastic drugs in horizontal laminar flow hoods. Am J Hosp Pharm 1978;35:900. 18 Hoffman DM, Grossano DD, Damin LA, Woodcock TM. Stability of refrigerated and frozen solutions of doxorubicin hydrochloride. Am J Hosp Pharm 1979;36:1536-8. 19 Kirschenbaum BE, Latiolais CJ. Stability of injectable medicines after reconstitution. Am J Hosp Pharm 1976;33:767-91. 20 Brooke D, Bequette RJ, Davis RE. Chemical stability of cyclophosphamide in parenteral solutions. Am J Hosp Pharm 1973;30:134-7.


As Kanamycin (KAN) is an amino-glycoside antibiotic and has seriously negative effects towards human health, it is urgent to develop an effective way for KAN monitoring. Herein, Bi2WO6/Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots (Bi2WO6/Ti3C2 QDs) heterostructure was synthesized by electrostatically driven assembly and hydrothermal method. On the basis of a Bi2WO6/Ti3C2 QDs heterostructure, a novel aptamer-based anodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform was constructed. Through the formation of Au-S bond, the mercapto-group modified aptamers were immobilized as a recognition unit for KAN. Under the visible light irradiation, PEC platform shows excellent anode signal-on photocurrent with the presence of KAN as a representative analyte. It shows a log-linear model in the concentration range from 0.01 nM to 50 nM with the limits of detection (LOD, 0.005 nM). Furthermore, the aptamer sensor can be used to detect KAN in animal products analysis with good accuracy as the recoveries is in the range from 94.2% to 101.3%. Thus, this concept of component reconstitution possesses the huge potentials in real samples analysis and offers a fresh perspective on development of PEC biosensors.


The article presents clinical examples of treatment of patients with COVID-19 diagnosed during the period of active spread of the 'omicron' strain. The results of symptomatic therapy and the need for the appointment of etiotropic drugs, including in the late stages of the disease, are considered, which raises the greatest number of questions in clinical practice. In the presented examples, patients received medicines approved by the current temporary guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the course of the disease confirms the continuing need for the appointment of etiotropic therapy in the conditions of the spread of the 'omicron' variant, including in the second week of the disease. Umifenovir therapy as part of a comprehensive treatment regimen suspends the progression of COVID-19 and leads to relief of symptoms. Symptomatic treatment in the conditions of the spread of a new variant of the coronavirus omicron cannot replace etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy.


The present invention provides a method and structure and improve MOSFET performance of NBTI, and discloses a method of forming a p-type field effect transistor (the pFET) structure of an embodiment. The method comprising: forming a mask layer on a semiconductor substrate, the mask layer comprises openings that expose the semiconductor region of the semiconductor substrate; ion implanted semiconductor substrate an n-type dopant through the openings of the mask layer, n-type well semiconductor region (n-well); and a pair of openings through the mask layer, performing channel implantation germanium semiconductor substrate (Ge), Ge channel implant region is formed in the n-well.


ABSTRACT

 This project report is written based on the writer's job training as an
English teacher in SMP Negeri 1 Wonosegoro which was done for five weeks.
The aim is to know the process of writing recount, the problems that appear in the
teaching process and the solutions to the problems. During the job training, the writer took some activities to collect the data
by doing observation in the school and the class, interviewing the English teacher
to get more information about the school and the English teaching and learning
process. In writing recount, the writer used four steps in teaching recount genre.
They were; building knowledge of the field, modelling of the text, joint
construction of text and independent construction of the text. The students
problem in writing could be seen when they produced recount text in writing draft
I, the result was not good enough. The students found some problems in starting
their writing, lack of vocabulary and grammatical skill. To deal with the problems,
in writing draft II, the writer used guided writing by exploring the student's ideas
based on their experience, discussing difficult words related to the title and
providing guided question to help the students to start their writing. The problem
from the teacher in teaching recount was material presentation, evaluating
students' work and lack of material. To overcome the problems in material
presentation, the writer made simpler lesson plan, lacking of time for evaluating
students' writing could be solved by giving special time for the students to make
evaluation among the students for their work. To deal with the problem related the
lack of material, the writer combined the materials from the internet and the book.


In this study, the presence and incidence of fungal pathogens were investigated in strawberry seedlings in AydinProvince producing 68% of the total strawberry production of Aegean region. Isolations were made from the crown and root, and a total of 2248 strawberry seedlings (cvs. Camarosa, Sweetcharlie, Rubygem and Festival) were collected from strawberry growing areas of Sultanhisar and Kosk during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 cropping season before planting. In total, 1014 fungal isolates were obtained from crown and roots. Pathogenicity tests performed on stolons indicated that 291 Fusarium spp., 153 Rhizoctonia spp. , 4 Macrophomina sp., and 13 Cylindrocarpon sp. isolates were pathogenic. In 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 cropping seasons, the incidence of Rhizoctonia spp. was 2.7 and 3.4 % in commercial frigo seedlings and 12.4 and 7.7 % in runner-transplants produced by the farmers, while that of Fusarium spp. was 6.1 and 5.2 % in frigo seedlings, 18.8 and 21.9 % in runner-transplants, respectively. The incidence of Rhizoctonia spp was found to be 3.5 % and Fusarium spp was 5.6 % in fresh seedlings in 2010-2011 cropping season. The occurrence of Fusarium spp were 2.1 and 1.1% in crowns, and 11.6 and 4.8 % in roots while Rhizoctonia spp. were 0.48 and 0.1 % in crowns, and 8.96 and 2.6 in roots in both cropping seasons, respectively.The presence of Macrophomina phaseolina and Cylindrocarpon spp. was also determined in rather low frequencies in strawberry seedlings.