Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterised by a severe developmental impairment of the motor coordination, which is not solely caused by mental retardation or specific neurological damage. DCD approximately affects 5 to 6% of school children. It may cause significant difficulties in activities of daily living and lead to consequences in adulthood. Children and adolescents with DCD are primarily being referred to paediatric occupational therapists and physiotherapists. The report addresses the research questions, which recommendations on DCD (for screening, diagnostic testing, indication and form of therapy) are provided in evidence-based guidelines, which differentiation criteria between occupational therapy and other forms of treatment are being discussed and which of the recommended tools can be introduced in Austria with regard to language (German) and standardisation/adaption (central Europe). Depending on the respective research question, literature was identified by a systematic and/or manual search. A population based screening for DCD is not recommended due to the lack of sufficiently sensitive screening tools. For DCD diagnosis, all information sources recommend the use of standardised assessment tools. However, currently there is no gold standard available. Of 85 identified assessment tools, 12 have been both translated into German and standardised/adapted for Central Europe. Recommended interventions for children and adolescents with DCD should target the individual activity- and participation-level of the affected person. Differentiation criteria for various forms of therapy could not be identified.


I doubt very much if there is a disease of pregnancy in regard to which there is a greater diversity of opinion as to its etiology and pathology than puerperal eclampsia. Do we know its cause? Yes, I think we do. Braun tells us that the kidneys are responsible, and is an advocate of the nephritic origin. Playfair, on the other hand, does not consider the albuminuric theory as clearly proven. Lever, in 1843, pointed out the connection between albuminuria and eclampsia, and that the two conditions occupied the relative position of cause and effect. Further investigations, however, lead one to believe that the kidneys are not wholly responsible. In twenty-eight cases of eclampsia reported by Schauta, three were found to have normal kidneys. Ahlfeld found in seventeen cases two in which the kidneys were normal. Vinay, after making thorough microscopic examination, states that in a large number of cases


Numerical solutions are presented for the problem of steady laminar combined convection flows in vertical parallel plate ducts. Axial diffusion is neglected in the analysis and the resulting governing equations, which are of a parabolic nature, are expressed in an implicit finite difference scheme using a vorticity-stream function formulation and are solved using a marching technique. A constant wall temperature boundary condition is used and investigations are restricted to the case Pr = 0.72. A large range of values of the ratio Gr/Re is considered, −300 ≤ Gr/Re ≤ 70, and comparisons are made with the case of pure forced convection. For large values of the ratio |Gr/Re| reverse flow occurs in the duct. A modification to the standard marching technique is introduced and complete solutions are achieved for these situations for the first time. Results are presented in terms of velocity profiles, Nusselt numbers, friction factors and temperature distributions.


This paper proposes an innovative approach to pandemic models introducing agents for considering human behavior impact. The authors propose a methodology for developing these models as well as the related support features in relation to the openissues generated by pandemic threats. Special attention it is proposed on providing a protocol for quick development and fast result achievement and concurrent strong attention to validation and


Traditional means for contacting emergency responders depend critically on the availability of the 911 service to request help. Large-scale natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes often result in overloading and sometimes failure of communication facilities. Affected citizens are increasingly using social media to obtain and disseminate information. Social media is not only being used to communicate with first responders but also for people to organically volunteer and seek help from each other, complementing the role of first responders. In this paper, we examine the use of Twitter during two major hurricanes in the U.S. in 2017. We find that there exists a sizable number of people with access to the Internet even in areas where 911 services were down, and they tweet disaster-related information including requests for help. Our analysis indicates that social media can potentially help in disaster management and improve outcomes.


The US Court of Federal Claims in Washington has denied damages to three families who had alleged that childhood vaccines caused their children's autism.

The decision, made on 12 February, covers sentinel cases affecting a portion of the more than 5500 claims filed by families seeking payment through the $2.5bn (£1.74bn; €1.94bn) federal Vaccine Injury Compensation Programme.

Each of the three cases was decided by a judge known as a special master. One of them, George Hastings, said in the ruling, "The numerous medical studies concerning these issues, performed by medical scientists worldwide, have come down strongly against the petitioners' …


Abstract The formation and perpetuation of intellectual canons – as consensually agreed upon corpora considered most significant and representative of a time, place or person – rely heavily on closed systems of knowledge. The bound-paper book exemplifies such a closed system and has been a primary form of constructing and disseminating canons of ancient works. The Internet, however, challenges the very structuring principles of knowledge production inherent in books, offering potentially boundless networks of unorchestrated knowledge bits. As scholars, teachers, and students turn more to the Internet for publication, research, and learning, sharply defined canons face disruption. This article analyzes some of the structuring principles of knowledge production and dissemination in the specific case of ancient Near Eastern art, first considering traditional book-based textbooks. These textbooks follow a model of linear temporal development that unfolds from the first to the last page. It then explores the academic trend toward edited, multi-authored compendia as a concurrent development with the open-ended, networked structure of the Internet. Both vehicles of knowledge production offer more diverse sets of works and multivocality; the Internet in particular permits a radical break from authored and edited narratives. Last, the article considers some of the possibilities, as well as limitations, inherent in the Internet, presenting several existing Internet-based platforms with a specific focus on pedogogy, in order to consider the implications and consequences for knowledge production and dissemination in the Digital Age.


Effectiveness and the productivity in the current development of software needs innovative methods, techniques and tools to allow the applicability of theoretical solutions to industrial context. The results obtained in the last years evidence the wide distance between the state of the art and the real practice in the development of next generation software systems. With this project we intend to face these challenges by producing methodologies and tools to make possible the integration of the critical activities in the development of industrial software. Within this project, we are defining models, languages and tools for the design and development of application software in open systems, characterizing their applicability, defining the appropriate methodologies for each case, and building tools to support and allow the easy application of such methodologies. As a concretion of the contributions of this project we are building tools of great practical interest in two different application domains: Web Engineering and Data Warehouses.


SMART STARTED WRITING RELIGIOUS POETRY seriously in 1750 when he won the first award of the Seatonian prize, instituted for the best poem by an M.A. of the University of Cambridge on a subject ' conducive to the honour of the Supreme Being and recommendation of virtue. " ' Excepting 1754, when illness prevented him from entering the competition, he won the prize each year until 1756, after which he was no longer in a position to compete, ironically because of his confinement for religious mania.2 These poems were each on one of the divine attributes, and while their poetic quality varied year by year, the later ones were distinctly the more Christian and, in conjunction with other poems and external evidence, point to a religious awakening in Smart during a serious illness in 1754-55. Another illness occurred in 1756, in the course of which he received a full assurance of redemption, thus following the pattern set by the contemporary Methodists and Moravians, who typically experienced first of all assent to God's providence and then, after a period of waiting, received by grace a total and permanent rebirth in faith: John Wesley records many such case histories in the Journal (1737-38) of his stay in Germany. After this, Smart was shut up almost continuously until early in 1764.3 During this


One of fearful impacts to coastal zone in future is change in intensity of tropical cyclone on global warming. The purpose of this paper is projection of future storm surges due to the tropical cyclones and vulnerability assessments by the storm surges in coastal zones. Outputs of a global climate model were used for trend of change in the sea surfaced pressure of tropical cyclones. A numerical simulation was employed to project storm surges. Projected results showed future storm surges become higher along coasts of Gulf of Mexico and east coast of America, and East-Asian coasts facing to Pacific Ocean. The results of vulnerability assessment showed that change in intensity of tropical cyclone is big impact as same as impact of rise in sea level and population growth, particularly in Asia coastal zones.


In an attempt to understand the role of genes with no known function, in the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, an analysis of the proteome was carried out and a Lysine-Rich protein (KRP) was identified for further study. This protein has a modular structure with four domains and was found to be expressed and localized to the cell surface of E. histolytica trophozoites. The KRP over expressing cells were 80% less virulent as compared to the cells under expressing the gene as determined by the ability of the cells to kill in vitro target cells. The results suggest that KRP may have a role in the cytopathogenesis of the parasite.


The Q-Learning (QL) algorithm is widely used for path planning. As the scene in which the mobile robot is located becomes complex, the algorithm suffers from the limitations of low convergence speed and long exploration paths. Therefore, a Max Reward-Q-learning (MR-QL) path planning algorithm based on maximum reward is proposed for complex unknown scenarios. The original algorithm's discrete reward function and action selection strategy are improved, and a new reward function is designed to dynamically adjust the reward mechanism to heuristically guide the robot motion. The action selection strategy is also optimized to avoid invalid exploration and improve the algorithm's convergence. Finally, three experimental environments with different complexity are constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that the MR-QL algorithm is about 50% of the original algorithm in terms of exploration step length and training time, and the convergence speed of the algorithm is better than the original algorithm.


The auto exhaust had caused serious environmental pollution,to remove the harmful materials in the automotive exhaust including the CO,HC and NOx,an effective method called as three-way catalytic converter(TWCC) had been applied.Three-way catalysis(TWCs) are the critical components of TWCC.As the forth-generation auto exhaust catalyst, TWCs involved a wide range of research and recognition in the world.This article elaborated the motor exhaust pollution and its control,describing the properties of TWCs consisting of main components,assistant agent,coating,carrier and its operating principle,preparation and the development of TWCs.


Introduction Requests on low energy technology for portable equipment are increasing with a background of requirements for high performance such as multimedia capability. Oki has been strategically challenging the lowering of energy by taking up FD-SOI CMOS [1]. Our target is super low power LSI for the portable device market, and focusing on mixed signal LSI that include RF circuits. By adopting full depletion type SOI device structure, we are striving to put to full use the many advantages of SOI which include low leakage current and low voltage high performance when used for digital circuits, improved high frequency characteristics for CMOS analog circuits, and good isolation between circuits in mixed signal applications. OKI succeeded in utilization of FD-SOI for the first time in the world, and development is progressing aimed at achieving analog/digital mix signal system LSI with lowered energy. In this presentation, a development example of FD-SOI CMOS LSI at Oki is introduced.


The mode of thinking has an opposite stability,but it isn't fixed and unchangeable.Along with history conditiona development variety, people's mode of thinking also wants variety but develops variety along with the development of the history The stability is opposite, the change is absolute.Deng Xiaoping's mode of thinking is very great to the influence that the reform, even to in the world deeply influence on all socialism nations.Deng Xiaoping's mode of thinking is not a while to become, and not naturally either to become.This revolution that not only involves to him practices an activity, also involves to the growth environment of his early years.Always say, the formation of Deng Xiaoping's mode of thinking is a from embryonic become with first step to the formation with abundant, arrive the maturity and perfect history process again.


Despite its great scientific and technological importance, wall-bounded turbulence is an unresolved problem that requires new perspectives to be tackled. One of the key strategies has been to study interactions among the coherent structures in the flow. Such interactions are explored in this study for the first time using an explainable deep-learning method. The instantaneous velocity field in a turbulent channel is used to predict the velocity field in time through a convolutional neural network. Based on the predicted flow, we assess the importance of each structure for this prediction using the game-theoretic algorithm of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). This work provides results in agreement with previous observations in the literature and extends them by quantifying the importance of the Reynolds-stress structures, finding a connection between these structures and the dynamics of the flow. The process, based on deep-learning explainability, has the potential to shed light on numerous fundamental phenomena of wall-bounded turbulence, including the objective definition of new types of flow structures.


Nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) dispersed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composites are successfully synthesized by means of in-situ polymerization. Then the mechanical properties of the prepared nanocomposites are investigated individually by mechanical instruments. The dispersion of nano- ZnO in the nanocomposites is observed respectively with the aid of TEM and the influence factors on the distribution of nano- ZnO are also discussed.


Studies on the relation between decentralization reforms and the performance of governments and their policies have presented a myriad of theoretical developments but inconclusive results on the empirically verifiable effects of these propositions. Many of the reviews carried out thus far in this field merely criticize these propositions without proposing alternatives for analysis. This article presents a review of this debate in a very specific way: it selects the propositions that points towards the causal factors explaining government's responsiveness to its citizens. Four types of interpretations are discussed: 1) allocative efficiency theories of fiscal decentralization, 2) the multiple dimensions of decentralization, 3) the institutional design of reforms, and 4) the qualitative aspects of governance. Despite the observed divergences in the use of concepts, analytical preoccupations and in relation to the empirical operationalization of variables, this article points to a series of hypotheses that could be extracted from this debate and that could be the object of an empirical test.


While examining specimens collected in the shallow waters of Korea from 1995 to 2004, we found that Ampelisca bocki Dahl and A. naikaiensis Nagata were newly added to Korean fauna. We also provide description for A brevicornis (Costa) based on materials collected from Korea. As a result, six species of Ampelisca are reported in Korea.


On the basis of actual producing data,combined with the fluid inclusion studies,this paper analyzed the characteristics of water yield and its influence factors during CBM production in Liulin area from the paleo and present hydrogeology,production model and fracturing technology.The results show that the water yield in Liulin area comes from the common action of many factors.The coal seam roof sandstone aquifer of Shanxi Formation,in which the paleo-fluid presents detained feature,has relatively weak water yield property and its present water yield has a direct relationship with the distribution of fracture.The coal seam roof limestone aquifer of Taiyuan Formation has a communication with surface fresh water in the early stages,which has relatively strong water yield property.During the production by different model,under the influence of fracturing strength and the differential communication of coal seam with roof aquifer,the water yield shows gradual increasing by the order of model D,A,B,and C.We further point out that in order to depress influence of hydrogeology,some horizontal wells can be selected in proper area,the production of CBM can be carried out from northeast to southwest which is favorable for drainage and pressure lowering of coal seam,and fracture size can be decreased,especially the height of vertical fractures.


The environmental impact and the pollution of air from ships is receiving increasing attention. Due to the characteristics of the combustion process and the use of heavy fuels, the marine diesel engine is one of the largest pollutants of the sea and air because it emits significant amounts of pollutants This study reports exhaust gas emission evaluation of marine diesel engine at different speed. Exhaust gas emissions, carbon monoxide CO, unburned hydrocarbon HC and carbon dioxide CO2 emissions levels were analyzed during the actual operation of the ship in operation. The method and procedure for measuring the ship's engine exhaust emissions during navigation were explained and the obtained results are compared with IMO regulations.


Reactions of 6-bromo-2-isopropyl-4(3H)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one toward mono- and di-dentate nitrogen nucleophiles, e.g. primary aliphatic and aromatic amines, 1,2-phenylenediamine, hydrazine hydrate, and formamide, have been investigated and afford the corresponding quinazolinones which are expected to have some interesting biological activity. The behavior of 3, 1-benzoxazin-4-one toward active methylene compounds, namely, acetylacetone in basic medium has been studied and gave 3-acetylquinoline. The last reaction is considered as an illustrative model of heterocyclic transformation reactions.


Abstract The potential of postharvest culture in low-nutrient conditions was evaluated in terms of enhancement of carrageenan gel quality in the tropical seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum ("spinosum" of commerce) and as an alternative to industrial alkali treatment. Postharvest batch culture of seaweeds with either initially low or high nutrient concentrations (both ending with low nutrient concentrations) produced native carrageenans that had significantly higher gel strengths (48 g cm-2 in both treatments) than those treated with continuous culture in high nutrient concentrations (18 g cm-2). The gel strength of native carrageenans from batch-cultured seaweeds was also significantly higher than that of both native and alkali-treated carrageenans from seaweeds that had not undergone postharvest culture (11 and 29 g cm-2, respectively). The mechanism indicated for the enhancement of carrageenan gel quality involves stopping the production of precursor (galactose-6-sulfate) and converting the preexisting precursor to 3,6-anhydrogalactose units through in vivo enzymatic action. Postharvest batch culture with low nutrient concentrations is considered to be an eco-friendly alternative to industrial alkali treatment in the enhancement of carrageenan gel quality.


Technology spillovers and agglomeration are critical issues in regional economic development. The presence of geographically localized spillovers in a region attracts firms and thereby leads to a higher level of agglomeration. On the other hand, the agglomeration of firms facilitates localized spillovers through local innovation networks. The endogenous nature of the relationship between spillovers and agglomeration, however, has been rarely acknowledged in the existing literature. This article critically reviews a wide range of issues related to technology spillovers and agglomeration and proposes a comprehensive conceptual framework to understand the mechanism of regional economic development.


Quantum effects in photosynthetic energy transport in nature, especially for the typical Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complexes, are extensively studied in quantum biology. Such energy transport processes can be investigated as open quantum systems that blend the quantum coherence and environmental noises, and have been experimentally simulated on a few quantum devices. However, the existing experiments always lack a solid quantum simulation for the FMO energy transport due to their constraints to map a variety of issues in actual FMO complexes that have rich biological meanings. Here we successfully map the full coupling profile of the seven-site FMO structure by comprehensive characterization and precise control of the evanescent coupling of the three-dimensional waveguide array. By applying a stochastic dynamical modulation on each waveguide, we introduce the base site energy and the dephasing term in colored noises to faithfully simulate the power spectral density of the FMO complexes. We show our photonic model well interprets the issues including the reorganization energy, vibrational assistance, exciton transfer and energy localization. We further experimentally demonstrate the existence of an optimal transport efficiency at certain dephasing strength, providing a window to closely investigate environment-assisted quantum transport.


The discovery (Bonfiglio et al 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 145001) of electrostatic fields playing a crucial role in establishing plasma motion in the flux conversion and dynamo processes in reversed field pinches is revisited. In order to further elucidate the role of the electrostatic fields, a flux rope configuration susceptible to the kink instability is numerically studied with an MHD code. Simulated nonlinear evolution of the kink instability is found to confirm the crucial role of the electrostatic fields. A new insight is gained on the special function of the electrostatic fields: they lead the plasma towards the reconnection site at the mode resonant surface. Without this step the plasma column could not relax to its nonlinear state, since no other agent is present to perform this role. While the inductive field generated directly by the kink instability is the dominant flow driver, the electrostatic field is found to allow the motion in the vicinity of the reconnection region.


this text introduces to concept according to the Web Data Mining and pass a rightness currently Web Data Mining technical analysis,and the characteristics and shortage of the system concerning Web information Data Mining now.Put forward a make use of an preparing model of Agent technique to carry out Web information Mining of the system,and elaborateg the target,behavior of Agent and the realization of each Agent correspondence method in detail.the carryin out


Simplex algorithms could do nothing about solving payload planning and scheduling operations of large complex spacecraft, therefore to construct a unified planning and scheduling software platform for this problem is absolutely essential. Based on sufficient investigation of relevant literatures, algorithms is compared, intelligent planning is recommended as well. Activities and restrictions are abstracted by summarizing the commonness of payload planning and scheduling problems, furthermore, CSOP is used to describe the mathematical model of this problem. The structure of planning and scheduling software platform is constructed by using the core intelligent planning idea. Its composing is described by specifying their structure, function and implement method, additionally, the flow is detailed which involves high level goals are transformed into particular activities and restrictions. Finally the software 's implementation is put forward preliminarily, so it has shown that the design is available.


This paper presents SAILFISH, a scalable system for automatically finding state-inconsistency bugs in smart contracts. To make the analysis tractable, we introduce a hybrid approach that includes (i) a light-weight exploration phase that dramatically reduces the number of instructions to analyze, and (ii) a precise refinement phase based on symbolic evaluation guided by our novel value-summary analysis, which generates extra constraints to over-approximate the side effects of whole-program execution, thereby ensuring the precision of the symbolic evaluation. We developed a prototype of SAILFISH and evaluated its ability to detect two state-inconsistency flaws, viz., reentrancy and transaction order dependence (TOD) in Ethereum smart contracts. Our experiments demonstrate the efficiency of our hybrid approach as well as the benefit of the value summary analysis. In particular, we show that SAILFISH outperforms five state-of the-art smart contract analyzers (SECURIFY, MYTHRIL, OYENTE, SEREUM and VANDAL) in terms of performance, and precision. In total, SAILFISH discovered 47 previously unknown vulnerable smart contracts out of 89,853 smart contracts from ETHERSCAN.


This study was designed to screen the various adulterants in the market milk sold in the vicinity of Hyderabad district of Sindh province, Pakistan during the year 2013. A total of 100 milk samples were collected, each of twenty (n= 20) from milk producers (MP), milk collectors (MC), middlemen (MM), processors (P) and dairy shops (DS), were examined for various adulterants. Among these adulterants water (91%) was found in majority of milk samples, followed by detergent (41%), cane sugar (31%), starch (27%), rice flour (24%), formalin (20%), sodium chloride and skimmed milk powder (19%), urea and hydrogen peroxide (15%), ammonium sulfate (13%), vegetable oil and boric acid (12%), caustic soda (11%), glucose (10%), arrowroot (9%), hypochlorite (5%), salicylic acid (4%) and sorbitol (3%) consumed at the vicinity of Hyderabad district of Sindh, Pakistan. Freezing point of 80% milk samples of MP, 90% of MC, 95% of MM, 90% of P and 100% of DS appeared towards 0 oC rather than that of control milk, and assumed to be adulterated with extraneous water. The averaged extent of water in milk sold by MC remarkably higher than that of other milk marketing channels, but statistically non-significant (P>0.05) with all milk intermediaries; MP, MC, P and DS, except MM in which the extent of water was found to be significantly (P 0.05) with each other, but significantly (P<0.05) higher than MP.


Diagnosis is the first step of IC failure analysis. The conventional objective of identifying the failure locations has been augmented with various physically-aware techniques that are intended to improve both diagnostic resolution and accuracy. Despite these advances, it is often the case however that resolution, i.e., the number of locations or candidates reported by diagnosis, exceeds the number of actual failing locations. Imperfect resolution greatly hinders any follow-on, information-extraction analyses (e.g., physical failure analysis, volume diagnosis, etc.) due to the resulting ambiguity. To address this major challenge, a novel, unsupervised learning methodology that uses ordinarily-available tester and simulation data is described that significantly improves resolution with virtually no negative impact on accuracy. Simulation experiments using a variety of fault types (SSL, MSL, bridges, opens and cell-level input-pattern faults) reveal that the number of failed ICs that have perfect resolution can be more than doubled, and overall resolution is improved by 22%. Application to silicon data also demonstrates significant improvement in resolution (38% overall and the number of chips with ideal resolution is nearly tripled) and verification using PFA demonstrates that accuracy is maintained.


Method of binding a compound to the carbon nanotube (CNT). This method, a compound having a functional group of the surface-treated CNT to induce surface groups bearing a negative charge CNT surface, reacts with groups bearing a negative charge of the same CNT surface by nucleophilic substitution reaction with, involves chemically coupling the compound to CNT. CNT treated surface may be reduced. Compound attached to the CNT may be an epoxy resin, be directly coupled or may be coupled through a spacer group. This method, an epoxy resin, also difunctional CNT grafted onto both with other polymers such as polystyrene is produced.


A total of 312 captive elephants of the eastern India were studied for various kinds of foot affections during 2003–2005 and fourteen different types of foot affections were recorded with half of elephant population of the region affected with foot diseases in their life. Males were more vulnerable because of their low tolerance for foot care particularly during the period of musth. Hind limbs were more susceptible and lesions were also severe in the hind limbs. Advancing age made the elephants more susceptible. Remarkably higher percentage of privately owned elephants were affected with foot affections. A host of bacteria and fungi were isolated from foot lesions. Unidentified mites and filarial worms were also isolated from foot lesions. Most of the Kari (septic pododermatitis) cases began after incarceration for musth or rainy season. Moist substrate was worse in terms of foot health of captive elephants.


In the wake of the rising interest in Soviet nationalities and the problems that the nationality phenomenon produces for the Soviet political and economic system, it is gratifying to read a geographer's discussion of regionalism in this huge Soviet state. The nationality question can be best elucidated by inter-disciplinary studies; logically it follows that the question of regionalism does not belong exclusively to the jurisdiction of geographers and economists. It is obvious, however, from reading Professor Hooson's article that geographers can make a considerable contribution to the understanding of the development and prospects of Soviet nationalities. The connection between regionalism and nationalities is not artificial. Soviet regionalism, whether considered in geographical, historical, or other terms, is intertwined with the prospects of nationalities, because these groups provide much of the demographic matrix in which development occurs and to which the Kremlin's political decisions apply. The political aspect, furthermore, is especially pronounced in the Soviet case, because the large, compactly settled national groups live in regions adjacent to the borders of the Soviet state; theoretically their republics have the right to secede from the Soviet Union. The Soviet state itself was organized to accommodate these nationalities, and they are supposed to share in decision-making as well as in the benefits that the Soviet system can confer.


Disinfectant by microwave energy is highly recommended as a solution to solve the problem of chemical disinfection on denture bases. One of the denture base materials is heat cured acrylic resin. Aim, to evaluate the effect of disinfectant by microwave energy with different time on the transversal strength of heat cured acrylic resin. 30 plates (n = 6) of heat cured acrylic resin with size 65x10x2,5 mm were divided into 5 groups (control; and microwave energy disinfected for 2, 4 , 6, and 8 minutes with 650 Watts of power). Transversal strength test was carried out using Torsee's Electronic System Universal Testing Machine with a test speed of 0.1 mm / second, and a load cell of 50 kgf. Data analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD pos hoc. Results, there were significant differences in the transverse strength among all groups (p <0.05). Mean values of all groups were 103.59 ± 0.66 MPa; 112.02 ± 2.10 MPa; 117.48 ± 1.73 MPa; 125.46 ± 2.25 MPa; and 135.89 ± 1.56 MPa respectively. Conclusion, the longer it is disinfected by microwave energy, the higher the transversal strength of heat cured acrylic resin.


A coding method using sequence coding and overlapping quadrature pulses to improve error performance and spectral efficiency is presented. It is introduced as an extension of trellis coded modulation (TCM) and achieves its bandwidth efficiency not by signal space coding in an expanded signal set, but by increasing signaling speed via pulse overlapping. Results are presented for overlapped coded quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signaling, and it is shown that for time-raised cosine quadrature pulses, power and spectral efficiencies rivaling those attainable by coded Nyquist signalling are achieved. The new codes are easily generated using tables of optimum convolutional codes.<<ETX>>


Plastic is a material that commonly used in daily activities. The increasing of using plastic can increase the amount of plastic waste that can give a negative impact on environment. One effort to solve the problem is by replacing plastic material with a material that convenient degraded by soil, that's called bioplastic. Bioplastic has a biodegradable characteristic and it is 67% compostable. One of the raw material to producing bioplastic is cellulose. Cellulose can be found in non-food plants such as woods, because most of them contain 40-45% cellulose. Oil palm is the one of the plants which is the cellulose taken by utilize oil palm empty fruit bunch. On the other hand, plasticizer must be added for producing bioplastic to make plastic has elastic characteristic. Sorbitol, Glycerol, Oleic Acid are types of plasticizer. In this research, bioplastic is producing by using solution casting method by addition of plasticizer. With these methods indicates that by using sorbitol as plasticizer is more suitable than glycerol and oleic acid. By using 30% v/v sorbitol can get the optimum quality of bioplastic with 58,7% mass reduction using degradation-analysis during 4 days, and maximum attraction which can be detained is 6,27 kPa


To establish seamless and highly robust contents distribution technology in the environment of so-called multiserver contents distribution network, we focus on the Forward Error Correction (FEC) as an error recovery method, and we have proposed the new concept, Inter-Stream FEC, that means data recovery method between several streams by introducing redundant parity streams generated by inter-stream cooperation. In this paper, we extensively improve the proposed basic method. We focus on the recovery failure events in the original Inter-Stream FEC method, and propose its remedy. The proposed method makes existing FEC and Inter-Stream FEC cooperate deeply and this leads to higher loss recovery ratio. Besides, we evaluate the basic method and the extensively proposed method through computer simulation and confirm that proposal can improve recovery capability.


paying a lot of Iran's loans, moving large sums of money from one place to another, and most important for our purposes now, creating an arbitration institution to address those hundreds of claims in U.S. courts. That mechanism, of course, was the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal, which I think Lucy Reed addressed yesterday, although I didn't have the pleasure of hearing her address. Many of you may also have heard it described in less than wholly complimentary terms by Judge Brower last night. As Judge Brower reminded us, the tribunal was not a perfect institution. It has come in for harsh criticism both in the United States and in Iran, but the important thing is that it did what it was created to do. By creating the tribunal, the parties were able to put over to a legal mechanism, significant elements of their dispute that simply could not have been managed in the difficult negotiations of December 1980. Both claimants, principally U.S. but also Iranian, gained access to a legal process that was capable of resolving their claims on the basis of law. At the end of the day, I think the greatest indicator of the success of the institution is that it still exists. In a world where the United States and Iran are not noted for the general warmth of their relationship, this institution continues addressing some very large and difficult claims between the governments. In the meantime, it has disposed of about a thousand other claims and has resulted in total payouts, exclusive of interest, of well over two billion dollars. A couple of decades later, Ethiopia and Eritrea were faced wirfr" the need to bring their very difficult relationship to a more stable basis. They looked at the Iran experience and apparently found it a relevant model for their own situation, because both of them in their December 2000 Peace Agreement elected to use the mechanisms of international arbitration to address difficult issues between them that could not be immediately resolved in the context of their peace negotiations. They created two arbitral institutions—one to address boundary issues, and a second to address claims growing out of the war. It was my honor to sit with Lucy and other fine lawyers on the second commission for a period of years. Neither commission was an unqualified success, but at the end of the day, our tribunal was able to complete these claims. And perhaps the ultimate measure of success is that the parties stayed through to the end and continued to pay the bills. To sum up, my point is this: that as you think as lawyers about how norms shape a negotiation, how they are relevant to a negotiation, it is important to remember that international law also offers some very important tools, such as mechanisms for resolving disputes, and for determining facts, and that these can be a crucial component of an overall settlement. Not everything necessarily has to be solved at the front end. There may be great utility in using mechanisms that put it over to the lawyers the effort to resolve complex issues that cannot be immediately dealt with on a political level.


The fragmentation pattern of C70+• in its collision with He has been studied in order to derive an explanation for recent observations on tremendous differences in relative intensities and extent of fragmentation upon variation of the centre-of-mass collision energy.


Objective To explore the citation rate,citation interval and core citation column of papers published in the Journal of Nursing Science from 1998 to 2007,and to provide information for nursing staff to get the hot topics on nursing science and to help periodical editors understand readers' need.Methods Papers published in Journal of Nursing Science from 1998 to 2007 and the citation of the papers were statistically analyzed by means of bibliometrics.Results Strictly,7 709 papers were published,and 4 746 were cited,with the rate being 61.56%;the citation interval ranged from 1 to 112,the total citation frequency was 22 289;3 605 cited papers were located in peripheral area,accounting for 75.96%,970 in related area,accounting for 20.44%,and 171 in core area,accounting for 3.60%.The core citation papers were distributed in 12 columns,of which,such 6 columns as fundamental nursing,specialized nursing,nursing management,mental health,nursing education and health education,accounted for 90.06%.Conclusion The information of Journal of Nursing Science is heavily loaded,and citation rate is high.The core citation papers is mainly published in the columns of fundamental nursing,specialized nursing,nursing management,mental health,nursing education and health education.And these paper imply the hot topics of nursing science currently.


Elimination of H 2 from the imidazole-borane adduct 1 leads to a mixture of the imidazaboles 2 and 2'. The symmetrical isomer 2 (two H 2 BNC fragments) is isolated in pure state and characterized by an X-ray structure analysis (monoclinic, space group P2 1 ). 2-(Trimethylstannyl)thiazole (3a) and 1-methyl-5-(trimethylstannyl) -1,2,4-triazole (3b) react with triethylborane to form adducts 4 from which, in the presence of an excess of Et 3 B, tetraalkyltin is elimated to give the thiazabole 5a and the triazabole 5b, respectively. Multinuclear 1 H-, 11 B-, 13 C-, 14 N-, and 119 Sn-NMR spectroscopy serve for following the reactions (compounds 3 to 5) and to characterize all final products


Various methods were evaluated to remove the resin and debris from the makeup and purification demineralizers. There are two preferred concepts. The existing waste disposal system should be utilized if some contamination of currently clean lines is acceptable. A skid mounted, temporary, upflow/downflow system should be utilized if the demineralizers and associated piping are to be cleaned to the maximum extent practicable with minimum contamination of the existing system. Both methods provide for removal of complex organic compounds from the effluent and elution of cesium from the resin. The resin and debris will be diluted with concrete to be disposed of in accordance with 10CFR61 burial limits.


This paper reviews the literature on speech fright in the workplace and examines its symptoms, effects, and causes. The paper also ident...2ies various methods of treatment that have proven effective wher, adaptea to individual and situational factors responsible for anxiety. The paper lists se7en specific treatments directed toward improving public speaking skills: (1) utilize effective physical action while speaking; (2) be more audience-centered and less elf-centered; (3) prepare thoroughly for public speeches; (4) seek constructive speaking opportunities; (5) choose a good topic; (6) understand the princIples of public speaking; and (7) avoid going over a speech immediately before speaking. The paper also enumerates the following strategies to reduce anxiety unrelated to skills deficiencies: realize that some speech fright is normal; seek "friendly faces" in the audience; do not expect perfection in speaking; use objectification to reduce speech fright; understand that speech fright is more eNTident to the speaker tnan it is to the audience; employ cognitive modification; and employ systematic desentization. Attached are 20 references as well as an appendix that rates books and "cures" devoted specifically to sreech fright. (KEH) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the beJt that can be made from the original document.


Objective: To develop an HPLC method for determining ferulic acid in Sanliangban medicinal liquor.Methods: At a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the prepared analyte was injected at a level of 20 μL for detection at 316 nm.The column temperature was 25 ℃.Efforts were made to determine optimal column type and mobile phase composition.Moreover,the developed HPLC method was investigated in terms of its linear range,recovery rate,precision,reproducibility and stability.Results: Eclipse XDB-C18column(250 mm × 4.60 mm,5 μm) was the best column for separation of ferulic acid.Good separation was achieved using a mobile phase made up of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid(15:85,V/V).The calibration curve for ferulic acid was linear within the range of 1.15–114.70 μg/mL(R2 = 0.9999).The precision(RSD),reproducibility(RSD),recovery rate and stability(RSD) of this method were 0.4%(n = 6),1.2%(n = 6 × 2),99.5% and 0.5%(n = 6 × 2),respectively.The RSD for 8 repeated determinations within 18 h was 1.4%.Conclusion: This method is simple,accurate,specific,reproducible and applicable for quality control of Sanliangban medicinal liquor.


A low-power receiver front end (RFE) for a high speed serial interface with a 3-stage continuous time linear equalization (CTLE) was designed in 28nm CMOS technology. The CTLE uses a transconductance-based active inductor for high frequency operation and for area reduction. The active inductor can be tuned around 10 GHz while consuming 11.17 mW from 0.9 V power supply. The CTLE compensates about 19.5 dB of attenuation due to the channel at a data rate of 20 Gb/s per link, with a power efficiency of 18.6 fJ/bit/dB, nearly 4X better power efficiency than the previous works reported in the literature. It shows prominence in the receivers used for wireline I/O interfaces like USB 3.2 and PCI Express 4.0.


DEFINITIONS: The term Bacterial Vaginosis is used to describe the condition of a patient complaining of fishy odor, sticky mucopurulent discharge from vagina adherent to vulva and secretions staining the fomites. The patient is frustrated and not getting a cure for so many a months from the medical practitioners. Finally women who attend to sexually transmitted disease clinic to get a complete cure. The patients prone to get Bacterial vaginosis: (1) Couple using Condom lubricated with Nanoxynol-9 a spermicidal, bactericidal destroys the Doderline bacilli (H2 O2 producing lactobacilli) a commensal in the vagina which maintain the acid pH in the vagina to prevent bacterial vaginosis an ascending retrograde infection from perineum and anus. (2) perverted sex activities like cunnilingus and both homo and hetero sexual active couple acquire to get bacterial vaginosis. (3) Saline douching of the vagina alters the pH as alkaline and facilitates bacterial vaginosis. (4) Tampooing or napkins kept for long duration without knowing the consequences of menstrual bleeding as a culture media for bacterial vaginosis to occur as a retrograde infection.


This article surveys a range of current America Muslim intellectuals' positions on the ideal relationship between Islam and culture, using as a starting point the suggestive ideal types laid out in H.R. Niebuhr's classic work, Christ and Culture.


Abstract Background Racial disparities in cancer have been attributed to population differences in access to care. Differences in cancer overdiagnosis rates are another, less commonly considered cause of disparities. Here, we examine the contribution of overdiagnosis to observed racial disparities in papillary thyroid cancer and estrogen/progesterone receptor positive (ER/PR+) breast cancer. Methods We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, End-Results (SEER) 13 for analysis of white and black non-Hispanic persons with papillary thyroid cancer or ER/PR+ breast cancer (1992–2014). Analyses were performed using SeerStat (v8.3.5, March 2018). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results White persons had higher incidence of papillary thyroid cancer than black persons (14.3 vs 7.7 cases per 100 000 age-adjusted population) and ER/PR+ breast cancer (94.8 vs 70.9 cases per 100 000 age-adjusted population) (P < .001). In papillary thyroid cancer, the entire incidence difference was from more frequent diagnosis of 2-cm or less (10.0 vs 4.9 cases per 100 000 population) and localized or regional (13.8 vs 7.4 cases per 100 000 population) cancers in white persons (P < .001), without corresponding excess of metastatic disease, cancers greater than 4 cm, or incidence-based mortality in black persons. In women with ER/PR+ breast cancer, 95% of the incidence difference was from more 2-cm or less (61.2 vs 38.1 cases per 100 000 population) or 2.1- to 5-cm (25.4 vs 23.4 cases per 100 000 population), localized (65.1 vs 43.0 cases per 100 000 population) cancers diagnosed in white women (P < .001), with slightly higher incidence of tumors greater than 5 cm (10.1 vs 9.3 cases per 100 000 population, P < .001) and incidence-based mortality (8.1 vs 7.2 cases per 100 000 population, P < .001) among black women. Overall, 20–30 additional small or localized ER/PR+ breast cancers were diagnosed in white compared with black women for every large or advanced tumor avoided by early detection. Overdiagnosis was estimated 1.3–2.5 times (papillary thyroid cancer) and 1.7–5.7 times (ER/PR+ breast cancer) higher in white compared with black populations. Conclusions Differences in low-risk cancer identification among populations lead to overestimation of racial disparities. Estimates of overdiagnosed cases should be considered to improve care and eliminate disparities while minimizing harms of overdiagnosis.


Multilayer substrates allow high density packaging of microwave components. Because of this, microwave products are being developed using technologies such as cofired AlN, LTCC, polyimide, soft substrates and various multilayer thin film methods. These multilayer boards often require the use of vertical interconnects and transitions to and from various transmission line types. By using three conductor lines such as CPW, it is possible to develop a packaging technique which permits operation up to 20 GHz. A packaging approach tailored for airborne radar is described along with the interconnects and transitions used in the module. This includes the use of 3-wire line. Transitions to/from CBCPW, stripline, 3-wire line, and microstrip are described along with modeling and test data. In addition, test data is presented on solderless interconnects using button connectors.


Lithuanian forestry has long been shaped by the classical normal forest theory, aiming for even long-term flow of timber, and the aspiration to preserve domestic forest resources, leading to very conservative forest management. With radically changing forest management conditions, climate change mitigation efforts suggest increasing timber demands in the future. The main research question asked in this study addresses whether current forest management principles in Lithuania can secure non-decreasing long-term flow of timber and carbon accumulation. The development of national forest resources and forestry was simulated for the next century using the Kupolis decision support system and assuming that current forest management is continued under the condition of three scenarios, differing by climate change mitigation efforts. Potential development trends of key forest attributes were analysed and compared with projected carbon stock changes over time, incorporating major forest carbon pools—biomass, harvested wood products and emission savings due to energy and product substitution. The key finding was that the total carbon balance should remain positive in Lithuania during the next one hundred years; however, it might start to decrease after several decades, with steadily increasing harvesting and a reduced increase of forest productivity. Additionally, incorporating the harvested wood and CO2 emissions savings in carbon balance evaluations is essential.


Background:Cardiac angiography is one of the most common diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for heart diseases. It produces high dose of radiation exposure. The subsequent skin injury might result in radiodermatitis.Aim and Objectives:Radiodermatitis after cardiac angiography has been reported over axilla or upper back areas. In this paper, we present a rare case of radiodermatitis with relenting pain over both left elbow and left lateral chest wall after 3 repeated and prolonged cardiac angiography.Materials and Methods:A 64-year-old man received 3 times of cardiac angiography in 3 years for his coronary arterial disease. Percutaneous coronary angioplasty was intended during the third cardiac angiography which resulted in prolonged procedure for more than 4 hours. A skin lesion, measured 10 X 8 cm2, was noted with a central ulcer for one year after the last cardiac angiography. Despite various local wound treatments, the wound healed poorly, and the pain persisted. Total excision of the skin lesion and reconstruction with a pedicled radial forearm flap was performed with favorable result. A separative chronic ulceration developed over left chest wall half a year later. Successful treatment was achieved with total excision of the ulcerative lesion and local flap coverage. For both lesions, histopathological findings revealed dermal and epidermal necrosis with fibrosis, which was compatible with chronic radiation injury and secondary ulceration.Results:The painful sensation relieved after the surgery, and the patient had full recovery after the reconstruction in two years follow-up.Conclusion:Chronic radiodermatitis after cardiac angiography with interventions is uncommon, but the incidence is rising with the increasing number and complexity of these procedures. In this case report, excision of ulcerative lesions with flap coverage provided symptom relief and good wound healing. (J Taiwan Soc of Plast Surg 2011; 20: 309∼315)


While the Space Shuttle was under detailed development and fabrication, we at the former Rockwell International looked at ways that the Shuttle system could be further developed by using the system elements in new ways. These involved "slicing and dicing" the Shuttle system elements in new ways and combinations that used almost everything in one unique way or another. Concepts that we looked at included stretching the orbiter, carrying a very large number of passengers, using the aft fuselage as a recoverable module, and the development of liquid rocket boosters to replace the baseline Solid Rocket Boosters. Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) concepts and system architectures have been explored before and subsequent to the Space Shuttle development and operation. Future studies have this design database available from which to depart. This history could be an important consideration in the forthcoming era of space exploration announced by the President.


The value and supply chain is an emerging pathway to marketing's emphasis on customers. It integrates a renewed focus on customer value and the economic and behavioral systems of the supply chain. Successful value chains can be developed with emphasis on the four practices that drive a customer orientation. These are: relationships, interactivity, valuing customers over time, and customization. When properly integrated, these practices help to form networks operating as a competitive unit. This paper clarifies the role of value in the value chain, discusses the use of the four major elements in the value chain, and draws implications for marketers.


Objectives: This in-vitro strain gauge study was conducted to compare between magnetic andCM lock attachments regarding strain induced around two implants supporting a mandibular overdenture.Methodology: This study was performed using two implants 3.7mm x 12mm installed at thecanine area bilaterally in an acrylic model resembling a completely edentulous mandible. Pickup of the magnetic and CM loc attachments was done followed by loading and measurementsrespectively. The strain induced around the implants was evaluated during unilateral and bilateralloading at the first molar area using a universal testing machine. Measurements were tabulated andstatistically analyzed.Results: loading sides demonstrated significantly higher microstrains around the implants withthe two attachments than non-loading sides. CM LOC attachment showed significantly highermicrostrains than magnetic attachment for both loading and non-loading sides during unilateralloading. During bilateral loading, a statistically significant higher mean micro strain was recordedin the right implant than the left implant, CM lOC have shown a higher statistically significant meanmicro strain than the magnetic attachment for the right implant and no siginificant difference in theleft implant.Conclusions: Within the limitation of this in-vitro study, it could be conclude that the attachmenttype could have an effect on the amount of load that will be transmitted to the implants supportingan over denture. Clinical studies are required to evaluate the effect of type of attachment on periimplant crestal alveolar bone loss and correlate it with the results of the current study.


Abstract : The overall goal of this project is to develop and maintain a resource of mouse models for breast cancer research. Eleven induced mutant strains have been identified nd accepted into The Jacks on Laboratory (TJL) Induced Mutant Resource (IMR) repositor or breast cancer research models. The importation process frees mice of infectious pathogens. Embryos are cryopreserved. Correct nomenclature has been assigned, efficient breeding strategies have been developed, and typing protocols are being modified for optimal efficiency and accuracy. Strain availability is being announced in several media, including the IMR strain list accessed through TJL's WWW home page. A principal aim of this project is to transfer relevant mutations to defined genetic backgrounds. Many of these mutations were generated on mixed genetic backgrounds, which limits their usefulness for most genetic studies. After consultation with Associated Board members and other experts in the field, we have decided that transgenes arriving in mixed genetic backgrounds be transferred to the FVB inbred background. In addition, the transfer of tumor suppressor genes to backgrounds with defined susceptibility to mammary carcinogenesis may convey specific experimental advantages. The Trp53 and Rbl targeted mutations are being transferred to the BALB/cJ and C3H/OuJ inbred strains.


Virginia Woolf is the forerunner of feminist literary criticism.Her feminism sets the starting point for the theory of modern western feminist literary criticism.The short story New Dress employs a lot of images to present the theme of concerning the current situation of women writing and striving for space for women writing.This article interpret the implications of various images in the short story to illustrate the opposition between men and women,oppression of men to women and the outlet for women artists presented in the short story.


Non-relativistic potentials, mass polarization corrections and relativistic contributions of order alpha 2 ry are obtained theoretically for the n1,3S and the n1,3P(n<or=5) states of all two-electron ions with Z in the range 11<or=Z<or=42. Radiative (QED) corrections of order alpha 3 ry are estimated for the ground and n1,3S, n1,3P(n=2,3) states throughout the range 4<or=Z<or=42. Estimates for the singlet-triplet corrections to the n1,3P1 potentials (n<or=5) and of the corresponding singlet-triplet mixing coefficients were made in the range 3<or=Z<or=42. For completeness, all these quantities have been tabulated over the entire range 2<or=Z<or=42. In addition the fine structure intervals and interval ratios in the n3P states have been tabulated in this range. The accuracies of the ionization potentials and all the various corrections are specified. Some applications of the results are discussed.


The taxonomie status of the two melanistic morphotypes belonging to the Cordylus cordylus complex in the south-western Cape, South Africa, is considered. It is proposed that the coastal melanistic form, previously described as subspecies of C. cordylus, be considered a separate species, while the previously unknown montane melanistic form is also described as a new species. Areas of uncertainty, which may affect the status of the two melanistic species in the future, are discussed.


A close reading of the journalism, correspondence, and memoirs of Alexander Herzen (1812–1870) yields a finely tuned relationship to past, present, and future, but not a complete philosophy of history. Herzen described no system, but repeated key metaphors (e.g., the libretto) and concepts (e.g. contingency) that reflected his understanding of the historical process. For Herzen, history became interesting when it was relieved of predetermined plots and algebraic formulas. However much he studied Russia's past and planned its future, his preference was for the present, where freedom is most fully experienced in debate and in the need to choose a path forward. He understood the instrumentality of history in how the lives of ordinary people were affected, which remained his measure of progress. Herzen was a "historian of the present," and his insights are remarkably applicable to twenty-first-century Russia.


Within a cultural context we constantly deal effectively with multiple objectives. A computational version of cultural systems, Cultural Algorithms, has been extended to deal with multi-objective optimization problems. These approaches while employing the basic framework have used only a subset of the available knowledge sources. In this paper we present an extension of Cultural Algorithms for Multi-Objective optimization, MOCAT, the fully utilizes all of the available categories of knowledge sources. The synergy of this ensemble is demonstrated through the application to an example problem and the results compared with that of other approaches in metric terms.


The work gives the estimation of the heat capacity jump at melting in water of collagen fibers of rat tail tendons. The measurements were carried out by an original calorimetric system designed by the authors, which in contrast to modern differential scanning calorimeters making the measurements under not equilibrium conditions due to the continuous heating of samples during the scanning, allows make the measurements both in scanning regime and also in pulsed regime under equilibrium conditions . The measurements carried out far from the phase transition in the pulsed regime allowed to determine exactly under equilibrium conditions the heat capacity before and after transition. As a result, the exact value of heat capacity jump under the equilibrium conditions was determined at melting.


Nowadays, software plays various roles in applications in wide areas. However, the security problems caused by software vulnerabilities increase. So, it is necessary to improve software security and safety in software execution. In this paper, we propose an approach to improve the safety of software execution by managing information used in software through static data access analysis. The approach can detect the exposures of secure data in software execution by analyzing information property and flows through static data access analysis. In this paper, we implemented and experimented the proposed approach with a base language, and verify that the proposed approach can effectively detect the exposures of secure information. The proposed approach can be applied in several areas for improving software safety by analysing vulnerabilities from information flows in software execution.


This cross-sectional descriptive research aimed to study the environmental health management of student residential areas within 4 kilometers radius around Khon Kaen University. To collect the data, interviews with 56 dormitory managers and the environmental health quality assessment on 80 residential units were conducted. The results showed that the majority of dormitories scored well (83.93%) on the standard of private dormitory. However, the scores on physical environment (94.64%), services and facilities (96.43%), and security and accident prevention (73.21) did not meet the requirement.


How do you resolve the "bid-ask spread" between buyer and seller in an acquisition? One common tool is the earn-out—a payment contingent on events and performance after the deal has closed. Earn-outs can be a powerful tool. But it is vital that you consider the risks carefully. The author explains how to construct earn-outs that minimize the risk of future disagreement and litigation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Lack of students' understanding of the learning material will have an impact on the lack of good learning process. lecture method used less support students in understanding the subject matter. This study uses Macromedia Flash on the subjects of geography in class XI SMA N 2 Salatiga. The method used is a quasi experiment. Improved the behavior of students in the experimental class is higher with an increase of 9.49%, while the control class which only increased 3.77%. Value posttest control class with an increase of 68% and the value posttest experimental class with an increase of 85%. During the learning process students can easily understand the subject matter.


The study on the influence of genetic diversity on the fruit emptiness and seed germination (as a measure of fruit quality) of teak populations was carried out. The populations comprised three unimproved plantations, three seed-production areas and a clonal seed orchard within Karnataka. Significant variation between the populations was observed for fruit emptiness, seed germination and Jaccard's dissimilarity index of the parent population. Genetic dissimilarity of popula-tions was positively correlated to fruit emptiness and negatively correlated to seed germination. It is in-ferred that higher genetic dissimilarity of individuals within the population results in higher flower asyn-chrony and close-related mating, thereby leading to higher inbreeding depression manifested in the form of higher emptiness and low germination percentage. Keywords:


Mailing address: Maria de Fátima Silva de Sousa Rua General Polidoro, 380, Bloco F, Apt: 202 Várzea, Recife – PE, Brasil CEP: 50740-050 E-mail: email@example.com ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the evolution of speech-language pathologists supply in the Unified Health System (SUS) and in Primary Healthcare (PHC) in Brazil, from 2008 to 2013. Methods: an ecological study in which the analysis units were the 27 federative units of Brazil. Information from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the National Registry of Health Establishments was used as database, regarding the period from 2008 to 2013. This study calculated the indicators of speech-language pathologists supply in SUS and in PHC and the ratio of speech-language pathologists working in PHC among those working on SUS. In addition, the relative evolution of the coefficient of active speech-language pathologists in PHC during the studied period was measured. Results: an increase of the supply of speech-language pathologists both in SUS and in PHC was found in all federative units. In 2013, the supply coefficient of speech-language pathologists in SUS varied from 7.73/10(5) inhabitants, in Amapá, to 2.12/10(5) inhabitants in Amazonas. The same coefficient regarding PHC varied from 2.86/10(5) inhabitants, in Amapá, to 0.19/10(5) inhabitants in the Federal District. The states of Sergipe and Piauí presented the highest increases of the relative evolution of the speech-language pathologists' coefficient in PHC, with increments of 800% and 788%, respectively. The lowest increase was in Mato Grosso do Sul, that is, 1.25%. Conclusion: there was an increase in the supply of speech-language pathologists in the Unified Health System and in Primary Healthcare, however, such supply raise occurred unequally among the federative units of Brazil.


1. Lender Liability Arising out of the Banker-Customer Relationship 2. Lender Liability for Breach of Confidence 3. Lenders Liability for Money Laundering and Breach of Data Protection Legislation 4. Liability For Failing to Advise or Warn about a Transaction or Provide Certain Information 5. Liability of Lenders as Fiduciaries 6. Liability of Lender for Negligence 7. Liability for Intentional Acts: Economic Torts or Delicts 8. Lender Liability as a Constructive Trustee Under English Law 9. Lender Liability Under Scots Law for Receipt of Trus t Money and Assisting a Breach of Trust 10. Liability for Breach of Contract by a Lender 11. The Liabilities of a Secured Lender to Borrowers and Third Parties 12. Liability of Lenders for the Acts of Receivers They Appoint 13. Environmental Liability of Lenders 14. Wrongful Trading - Liability of Lenders as Shadow Directors


In modern world, big changes are occurring in short time frames, businesses are dealing with information and communication technologies adaptation and updating problems, being such as Internet and Web 2.0. There are different tools that allow efficiency in internal and external communications of the company; when it comes to external communication, digital marketing is gaining more ground and an increasing number of companies invest more in that kind of strategies. Digital marketing as a tool for business is a great advantage that not all recognize, even much less number of companies use it, in particular microenterprises. There are many factors that influence the decision to adopt digital marketing strategies and activities. The present paper presents the scores for the different digital marketing activities as perceived and implemented by micro-enterprises in the city of Tijuana. The main reasons why they do not perform digital marketing activities are: they do not believe it necessary, training outdates and price. Companies mainly perform activities in social networks, in the company website, emailing and online advertising, while they qualify email, website, Facebook and Google Maps as the most useful digital marketing activities. This information can be used both by microenterprises as by suppliers to generate profitable strategic alliances.


Manganese-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in different concentrations (3 and 5 mol %), by simple aqueous coprecipitation method by adding manganese chloride to cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by powdered XRD measurements, EDAX, SEM, TEM and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction results revealed the phase purity with fluorite structure. EDAX confirmed the doping of manganese in the cerium oxide lattice at different concentrations. Spherical shape of the synthesized particles with fair agglomeration was revealed by SEM analysis. The morphology was further confirmed by TEM analysis which asserted the average particle size to be 12-15 nm. Remarkable red shift in the band gap of manganese-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles was observed by UV-visible spectroscopic analysis. Photocatalytic activity of the pure and Mn-doped CeO 2 nanoparticles was evaluated by studying degradation of anthraquinone dye remazol brilliant blue R under visible and UV irradiation. The 3 mol % Mn-doped CeO 2 nanoparticles exhibited 61.7 and 62.4% photocatalytic efficiency under visible and UV irradiation, respectively and 5 mol % Mn-doped CeO 2 nanoparticles showed photocatalytic efficiency of 62.4 and 67.7 % under visible and UV irradiation, respectively. The present study suggests a facile method to narrow the band gap of cerium oxide nanoparticles and making it more efficient photocatalyst by doping it with Mn ions.


Intestinal calcium binding proteins have been studied in many species of mammals and birds. There are uncertainties as to the vitamin D-dependency and molecular weight of such proteins, especially in higher mammals. This dissertation describes the existence of a vitamin Independent calcium binding protein (CABP) in baboon intestine. The protein was partially purified and characterised by a combination of ammonium sulphate fractionation, heat and pH precipitation, gel permeation chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, non-denaturing and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) gel electrophoresis, counter-ion electrophoresis and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The advantages ard disadvantages of these procedures are also discussed. The vitamin D-dependency of the baboon intestinal CaBP was shown by dietary experiments. The presence of calcium binding activity was shown by gel permeation chromatography and counter-ion electrophoresis in these experiments. The molecular weight of the protein was determined and shown to be approximately 11 200-11 900 daltons by gel permeation chromatography. Two low molecular weight components of approximately 11-12 500 daltons were evident on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The CABP activity of these proteins was however not established. DECLARATION I, Jeffrey Max Bloch, declare that thi« dissertation is my own, unaided work. The work reported in this dissertation was carried out at the University of the Witwatersrand in the research laboratories of the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School and the Metabolic Research Unit, Baragwanath Hospical, Johannesburg, South Afric a. (ii) 30th day of the ninth month, 1985.


Skin biopsies are critical for diagnosis and treatment of rejection after facial allotransplantation (FAT). Many facial allografts provide only limited skin area and frequent biopsies may compromise aesthetic outcome. In these cases, sentinel flaps (SFs), recovered as a free fasciocutanous radial forearm flap, have been employed for remote site rejection monitoring. These flaps maintain their axial blood supply similar to facial allografts (FA). The correlation between FA and SF in cases of rejection is presented.


Arginine kinase( AK) is a phosphagen kinase that is widely distributed in the tissues of invertebrates. AK plays a critical role in energy metabolism and is directly associated with the major life activities of insects and other invertebrates. This paper summarizes advances in research on insect AKs,including tissue chemistry and structural characteristics,sequence features and expression of cDNA,physiological and biological functions,and discusses key areas for future research.


Asphalt concrete surface is the main kind of China's high-class road surfaces.It has advantages of resistance to tracking in high temperature,cracks in low temperature,fatigue,aging and it is steady in water.The article,combining with procedures like mixing,transporting,paving and compaction,introduces in detail the points and methods of test monitoring of the quality of asphalt concrete surface.


The dielectric behaviour of sulphur hexafluoride is strongly affected by the presence of water vapour (moisture) and gaseous additives such as air, oxygen and nitrogen. For atmospheric pressure, impulse high voltage and gap geometry inducing strongly inhomogenous electric field, the experimental results make evident that the increment of the gaseous additive concentration causes an important reduction of the sulphur hexafluoride dielectric strength, as well as of the formative breakdown times, and also a modification of the prebreakdown phenomena. Sulphur hexafluoride has proven to be the most useful industrial gas for high voltage applications, due to its excellent dielectric, thermal, physical and interrupting properties. We focused our researches on the effect of gaseous additives, such as humidity, air, oxygen and nitrogen, on SF6 dielectric characteristics which have been previously investigated, as a function of the gap geometry. The experimental set-up used is presented in figure 1. A positive high voltage impulse Vap (30ns/20ms) was applied to a higly inhomogenous point to plane test gap (gap distance d, point radius Rp, field factor u) to investigate the gas dielectric strength. Typical scope recordings of the applied voltage Vap and of the discharge current Id are presented in figure 2. Before full development of the streamer and the consequent transient breakdown arc formation, an important prebreakdown activity was observed. This activity was defined by individual pulses which were identified as burst like discharges developed by the highly stressed point electrode over a mini-gap distance. For all investigated gaseous conditions the pressure was kept constant at one bar. A well defined "up and down" technique of measurements was followed to obtain the minimal breakdown value Vb, which is of interest to industry. For pure SF6 dielectric tests were performed for different gap geometry conditions. Figure 4 shows the Vb(d) characteristic so obtained. The experimental slope of 47 kV/cm is of the order of streamer breakdown. This conclusion is also justified by the current recordings which clearly present the corona-streamer characteristics. For experiments leading to breakdown, the formative breakdown time was measured. This time includes four individual components, which could not be measured separately by our experimental set-up. The major component is the statistical time Tv, which is strongly related to the probability of finding a critical electron for avalanche initiation. Figure 6 presents measurements of the Tb time for different geometrical conditions and applied voltage values. The increment of the gap distance and/or the reduction of the applied test voltage induce the diminution of the probability of presence of a free initiatory electron in the critical volume, which consequently increases Tv time. This fact leads to great values of formative time Tb and also to important dispersions. The moisture (water vapour) is generally considered as a degradation factor of the SF6 dielectric properties. In order to investigate the moisture effect, dielectric tests were performed and the minimal breakdown value Vbh was measured for humidity concentration [H2O] up to 9800 ppmv. The introduction of humidity into the experimental vessel and the control of its concentration are of crucial importance. Thus, a specially designed steel made mechanical system (see figure 7) was employed and a specific injection process was followed. The technique allows the water efficient vaporization by pulverization. Figure 8 presents the evolution of the moisture polluted SF6 dielectric strength Vbh as a function of the humidity concentration. The obtained experimental characteristics make evident the effect of the humidity increment introducing a dramatic reduction of the gas dielectric strength. This influence may not be attributed to a streamer to leader transition, as is the case at high pressures. In fact, the minimal break17 Tå÷í. ×ñïí. Åðéóô. ̧êä. ÔÅÅ, ÉII, ôåý÷. 1-2 1999 Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, III, No 1-2


Postwar European Organizations are most of the time analyzed as clearly separate entities. The article argues that the process of institutionalization of the European field of power is best captured by studying the evolving interdependencies between these organizations. Analyzing the parliamentary recruitment to the four supranational assemblies of the Council of Europe, European Communities, Western European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization from the 1950s to the 1970s, the article shows that multiple memberships drastically decreased over the years, contributing both to the autonomization of what is then rechristened "European Parliament" and to the socialization of an ever greater number of national MPs with European supranational politics. It also establishes a correlation between long-term and multiple membership and legal-political capital, isolating a small group of multipositioned members of supranational assemblies who played a great number of roles in the postwar construction of Europe, like Fernand Dehousse, Pierre-Henri Teitgen and the likes... The article is based on a database containing several hundreds of MPs.


Occupation was evaluated as a potential risk factor for lung cancer as part of a large population based case-control study conducted in the ten urban districts of Shanghai. A total of 733 newly diagnosed cases ofmale lung cancer and 760 controls selected from the general population was interviewed to obtain lifetime occupational histories and information on smoking and other factors. Of the approximately 25 major industrial titles examined, significantly raised risks, adjusted for smoking, were found for employment in agricultural production (odds ratio (OR) = 1 6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1 0-2-6). A concomitant increase was detected for farmers (OR = 1 6, 95% CI = 1 0-2 5) when 35 major occupational titles were examined. There was a 70% excess among workers in the chemical industry (OR = 1 7, 95% CI = 0-9-3*1) and a significant decrease among textile industry workers (OR = 0 7, 95% CI = 0 5-1 0). Raised risks of30% to 80% were associated with reported job exposures to wood and coal dusts, smoke from burning fuels, and chemical fumes. Employment categories were also examined for 672 cases and 735 controls among women, but small numbers in many of the industrial and occupational categories precluded detailed analyses. The largest excess risk among women (OR = 5-1, 95% CI 1 3-23-5) was among glass products workers. Although cigarette smoking was the dominant cause of lung cancer among men and a significant risk factor among women in Shanghai, these findings suggest the importance of certain workplace exposures and offer leads to occupational carcinogens. Shanghai, the largest and most industrialised city in China, has the highest lung cancer death rate in the country.'2 Data from the Shanghai Cancer Registry show an annual age standardised incidence rate (age adjusted to the world population) of 52 per 100 000 in men,3 a rate somewhat lower than that observed among white men in the United States (60 per 100 000 based on calculations of United States incidence data4 using the world population as a standard) but comparable with many rates in other western countries.5 To evaluate the high rate of lung cancer in Shanghai, a population based case-control study was begun in 1984.6 Although occupation was but one of several factors under examination, the Shanghai Lung Cancer Study offered advantages in assessing occupational lung cancer because of its large size and its setting in a major manufacturing centre with a cooperative, accessible, and relatively stable worker population engaged in various industries. Furthermore, ascertainment of Accepted 22 June 1987 smoking histories allowed adjustment for this important risk factor. The study was designed to test existing hypotheses relating lung cancer to certain major urban industries-for example, shipbuilding, metal manufacturing and foundry work, and textile productionand to generate new clues to occupational carcinogens in an area of the world where few studies have been carried out.


1 BACKGROUND In 1990 there was no Internet as we now know it. The proto-Internet (the NSFNet and regional networks) that existed at that time did not allow commercial traffic and was mostly composed of government and academic sites. The predominant operating system was unix, in its many variations. The majority of computers connected to the NSFnet and related were high-end workstations (e.g., Sun Microsystems and Vaxstations) and minicomputers, with some mainframes connected. What PC-type computers were in use ran primarily MS-DOS or classic Mac OS. At this time there was no significant vendor community for security add-ons outside of some specialized mainframe systems. There was a growing market for some small anti-virus companies, but they were mostly focused on products for MS-DOS. There were some freeware tools in circulation for unix, such as the recentlyreleased COPS package.[2] However, there was growing concern over security. Computer virus incidents for PC-class computers were effectively doubling every year. There was a growing presence of intrusions into systems by various parties, known and unknown. Proof of concept viruses were known for unix systems[1, 11] and it was believed to be a matter of time before they appeared "in the wild." The Internet Worm and Wank Worm,[9, 16] along with the intrusions described in the Cuckoo's Egg[17] in prior years had also raised concern about network-based threats. A series of stealthy intrusions occurred in early 1991, later documented in the book At Large[10], primarily targeting Sun computers. Spafford discovered that set of intrusions on his early honeypot systems. They were notable for not triggering any of the intrusion alarms then available. The intrusion and subsequent installation of a "backdoor" was done in a manner that circumvented the CRC check used in tools such as COPS and common to patch notices from vendors such as Sun Microsystems and the CERT/CC. The attacks were carried out through flaws in the software and then installed backdoor code in the shared libraries. Those files were altered so that the date/time of modification appeared unchanged, and the contents adjusted to match the previous CRC checksum.


Two special Al-C and Al-Ti-C master alloys were prepared to refine the grains of AZ91 alloy. The results show that two Al-C and Al-Ti-C master alloys have the satisfactory refining efficiency for AZ91 alloy. For instance, the grains size of AZ91 decrease from 130μm to 65μm with addition of 1 wt% Al-C master alloy and so does from 130μm to 45μm with addition of 1 wt% Al-Ti-C master alloy. However, no further refinement of grain size was achieved with addition amount of Al-C and Al-Ti-C master alloys exceeding 1 wt% for AZ91 alloy in the present investigation, respectively. It is analyzed that Al4C3 phase and duplex phase of Al4C3 and TiC serves respectively as the nuclei of α-Mg during solidification.


Filter cartridges, have been described for safety filter and fluid cleaner assembly. Common fluid cleaner assembly includes a housing and a primary fluid cleaner portion having a cover. The filter cartridge comprises a generally Z-filter media pack which is arranged to be straight through flow construction. According to a preferred cartridge includes a seal gasket which is arranged to continuously extend outside the periphery of the straight through flow construction. Fluid cleaner assembly includes a precleaner disposed therein. It has been described for desirable feature points. Also, so that also the assembly and their use are provided.


The paper defines the essence and content of the phenomenon of creative potential of a future music teacher. Humanisation of domestic pedagogical science and practice has become dominant in the strategy of educational policy today. The main educational guiding principle is respect for the dignity of a person and development of their potential directed at the future. Creative potential, which is defined by many scholars as the presence of hidden, unused reserves in a particular type of human activity, becomes a sort of «a core» of a person. A natural self-organization of the creative potential of a future music teacher at all levels of hierarchy of organization ensures the convergence of this system to a certain optimum of negentropic stability due to environment and results in the formulation of the principle of systematic and dynamic complementarity, Le Chatelier's principle and G. Hilmi's law. Thus, based on achievements of modern science, it can be stated that the creative potential of an individual is a dynamic integrative personal quality (in the complex of personal abilities, knowledge, skills, beliefs, attitudes, orientation), which determines the need, readiness and ability of creative self-realization and self-development.


SUMMARY Sal (Shorea robusta) forest is a threatened ecosystem in Bangladesh. Until the beginning of the 20th century Sal forests existed as a large continuous belt with rich biological resources, but increasing pressure has been placed on them since then due to the ever-increasing population. Most of the forest area at present is under occupation by encroachers and the remaining stands are stocked poorly. Biodiversity has declined rapidly and many animal species have become locally extinct. The Forest Department has established agroforestry and woodlot plantations as sustainable production system in the encroached and degraded forest area using a participatory approach. Some protected areas have also been established for conservation. Nevertheless, it is predicted that the present trend of management is inadequate and an intensive management policy is essential to restore the forest ecosystem. This paper explores trends of forest degradation, and past and present management initiatives, and recommends future management priorities.


Aims Periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) following total hip arthroplasty (THA) are devastating complications that are associated with functional limitations and increased overall mortality. Although cementless implants have been associated with an increased risk of PFF, the precise contribution of implant geometry and design on the risk of both intra‐operative and post‐operative PFF remains poorly investigated. A systematic review was performed to aggregate all of the PFF literature with specific attention to the femoral implant used. Patients and Methods A systematic search strategy of several journal databases and recent proceedings from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons was performed. Clinical articles were included for analysis if sufficient implant description was provided. All articles were reviewed by two reviewers. A review of fundamental investigations of implant load‐to‐failure was performed, with the intent of identifying similar conclusions from the clinical and fundamental literature. Results In total 596 articles were initially identified, with 34 being eligible for analysis. Aggregate analysis of 1691 PFFs in 342 719 primary THAs revealed a significantly higher number of PFFs with cementless femoral implants (p < 0.001). Single‐wedge and double‐wedge (fit‐and‐fill) femoral implants were associated with a threefold increase in PFF rates (p < 0.001) compared with anatomical, fully coated and tapered/rounded stems. Within cemented stems, loaded‐taper (Exeter) stems were associated with more PFFs than composite‐beam (Charnley) stems (p = 0.004). Review of the fundamental literature revealed very few studies comparing cementless component designs. Conclusion Very few studies within the PFF literature provide detailed implant information. Cementless implants, specifically those of single‐wedge and double‐wedge, have the highest PFF rates in the literature, with most investigations recommending against their use in older patients with osteoporotic bone. This review illustrates the need for registries and future PFF studies to record implant name and information for future analysis. Furthermore, future biomechanical investigations comparing modern implants are needed to clarify the precise contribution of implant design to PFF risk.


A recently developed technique to design and model isolated Defected Ground Structure (DGS) has been examined to control coupling between two adjacent elements in a microstrip array. This is the only technique that can handle isolated DGS and in here, this is explored for the flrst time in microstrip antenna domain. An X-band design is presented. A set of prototypes are used to obtain measured data which are employed to verify the technique experimentally for microstrip array.


The research topic of this paper is exploring different ways of students' resistance against participating in classrooms talk in upper secondary school. The theoretical framework of this research p ...


AbstractThis study utilizes a computational-experimental method to determine the effective oxygen diffusivity of asphalt concrete based on diffusivities of its constituents, i.e., air void, aggrega...


Design and fabrication methods of HAN cells with arbitrary LC pretilt angle value are described. Phase retardation △Φ values for the hybrid LC vs. the LC pretilt angles θ0(1), θ0(2) on the opposite cell's substrates are calculated for arbitrary light incidence angle. LC director configuration is suggested for its application in optical compensators. LC pretilt angle value is measured in the HAN cells with given planar or vertical LC alignment on one of the substrates.


Summary In an experiment with 75 cholesterol-fed cockerels, in which deposition of cholesterol in the aortic wall was correlated with the various lipoprotein lipids, it was found that no significant correlation existed with the heavy density lipoprotein fraction. Significant correlations were present with the Sf0-12, Sf12-20 and Sf20 cholesterol after 10 weeks. In fact, the variance in aortic cholesterol could be largely explained by Sf 20 lipoprotein cholesterol. None of the measured plasma lipid parameters correleated with aortic phospholipid or total fatty acids as well as with the aortic cholesterol.


Chinese traditional culture,consisting of jute culture,is achievements which the Chinese Nation had reached in implements and spirits,is result of historical society life style.Its remains are not only itselves but also national ownership mentality and strength that people's daily life is controlled by.Jute,emboding implement culture,system culture and spirit culture,is granted social order administration by history.


In this paper, a punctured turbo-polar code (PTPC) is proposed to obtain compatible code rate and flexible code length. Two sets of parity bits are punctured respectively in the encoder. We fill zeros in the puncturing location before sending the code word's log likelihood ratio (LLR) to the iterative decoder. The soft cancellation decoder (SCAN) is used as the soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoder in the iterative decoder for it can provide the lowest complexity and good performance. The simulation results show that the PTPC has the same bit error rate (BER) comparing with the original turbo-polar code when their payload bits are set the same. Moreover, the asymmetric puncturing structure is more beneficial to avoid error propagation in the PTPC's iterative decoding by putting more parity bits in the first parity branch. Therefore, the PTPC can be used to transport information with higher code rate but without performance decreasing and complexity increasing.


A recent survey. (5) on the incidence of intestinal nematodes and protozoa l in the dog in the Montreal district has shown that 14.7 per cent of the dogs examined harboured ,a protozoan identified as Giardia canis Hegner, 1922. Catcott (3) reported a 17.7 per cent incidence in dogs at the Ohio State Veterinary College and Craige (11), on the Pacific Coast of the U.S.A. reported the parasite in dogs with symptoms of dysentery. Although Giardia infection is known to exist in the dog and mention of it is made in almost all classical texts of protozoology or general parasitology, these figures are actually the only ones available on the incidence of this infection in the dog, at least in North America. The infection in the dog was first observed in Italy by Grassi in 188 1 (Curasson, 13) and it has been reported since from many countries. In North America the infection was first reported by Hegner in 1922 (19).


The invention provides a double-stator electro-magnetic double-salient starter generator capable of effectively utilizing internal and external space of a rotor. A unit motor of the generator is of a 12/8/6 pole structure, namely external stator pole number of the motor is 12N, rotor pole number is 8N, internal stator pole number is 6N, and N is a natural number. The external stator and the rotor of the motor is matched with a traditional 6/4 pole unit motor in pole number. External stator pole arc coefficient is 0.5. The internal stator and the rotor of the motor is matched with a 6/8 pole unit motor in pole number, and the internal stator pole arc coefficient is 0.25. Phase difference of an internal armature winding and an external armature winding of the motor is 60-degree electrical angle and is capable of achieving small phase-shifting torque pulsation. The starter generator completely utilizes internal space of the starter generator of a flat structure and is suitable for being applied to automobiles and small combustion engines.


When glucose or glycogen is isolated from the body of an animal whose body fluids have been enriched with DzO, deuterium is invariably found stably bound in the product isolated. As any isotope which may have been present in the hydroxyl hydrogen of such a sample will have been washed out and lost in the process of isolation, the deuterium with which we are here concerned may be assumed to be bound to carbon, and the introduction of such carbon-bound deuterium is apparently the result of synthetic processes in the animal. Our reasons for rejecting the possibility of the biological introduction of deuterium into the carbon-bound positions of glucose consequent to labilization and exchange of these hydrogens have been stated in an earlier communication (1). In such a sample of deuterio glucose, isolated from an animal whose body fluids contained DzO, it was considered of interest. to investigate the intimate distribution of the deuterium among the hydrogen atoms bound to carbon in glucose. In a similar study, the distribution of isotopic carbon among the 6 carbon atoms of glucose synthesized from various isotopic precursors has been investigated by Lorber, Lifson, and Wood (2). The methods employed by these authors, a combination of chemical and bacteriological degradations, were well suited to their problem, but are obviously completely unsuited for a study of the location of deuterium atoms in glucose. In order to estimate the isotopic composition of the hydrogen attached to each of the carbon atoms of glucose, it is necessary to prepare a series of derivatives such that one or more of the hydrogen atoms in question is eliminated. The starting material, in the present instance, was a pooled urinary glucose sample, excreted over a period of 48 hours by a rabbit rendered diabetic with alloxan (3). During this period, the rabbit was consuming ad libitum a diet containing 62 per cent of carbohydrate and its body fluids contained 1.05 to 1.09 atom per cent excess of D. The urinary glucose was isolated as the pentaacetate, and this product contained


Aim  The study was conducted in a dedicated centre treating the majority of Danish patients with intended curative total pelvic exenteration for primary advanced (PARC) or locally recurrent (LRRC) rectal cancer. We compared PARC and LRRC and analysed postoperative morbidity and mortality, and long‐term outcome.