Biologics have revolutionized the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). However, there is limited knowledge about factors associated with their use in Canada.To evaluate sociodemographic, healthcare and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) associated with the use of biologics in Canadian axSpA patients.The International Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (IMAS) is a cross-sectional online survey of non-selected patients with self-reported axSpA, conducted in 21 countries and endorsed by the Axial Spondyloarthritis International Federation (ASIF). IMAS captures the patients' perspective of the burden of axSpA. The Canadian adaptation included a review of the survey by an advisory board of axSpA patients and a national steering committee composed of the Canadian Spondylitis Association, rheumatologists and patients. Participants were recruited between August 2018 and February 2019. Sociodemographic and healthcare-related variables, as well as PROs (disease activity [BASDAI, 0–10], spinal stiffness [3–12], functional limitation [0–54] and psychological distress [GHQ-12]) were collected. Respondents were divided in 2 groups 1) biologic and 2) NSAIDs or no treatment, based on reported pharmacologic treatments. Statistical analyses were performed to assess associations between variables and biologic use (bivariate) and the relative weight of these associations (multivariate).542 axSpA patients were recruited. Mean age was 44.3±13.9 years, 63.1% were female, 66.4% married and 81.0% educated to university/college level. 22.8% of patients lived >50 km from their rheumatologist. Mean BASDAI was 5.3±2.1 and mean GHQ-12 score (mental health) was 4.0±3.8. Nearly half (49.6%) were currently on a biologic. Reported incidence of side effects was lower for patients having biologics (42.5%) vs. a NSAIDs (53.7%) as part of their treatment armamentarium. Only 15.7% of patients had discontinued biologic therapy, the main reasons for withdrawal being physician recommendation (50%), side effects (50%) and personal choice (34%). Variables associated with biologic use included: membership of a patient support group (p<0.001), non-manual work (p=0.008), higher income level (p=0.039), having a combination of public and private insurance schemes (p<0.001) and diagnosis by a rheumatologist (p<0.001). Associated PROs were spinal stiffness (p=0.011) and diagnostic delay (p=0.030). In the multivariate analysis, all variables except income and diagnostic delay were associated with biologic use (Table 1).Table 1.Analysis of sociodemographic and clinical variables in relation to pharmacologic treatmentVariableUnivariate linear regressionMultivariate stepwise linear regressionB95% CIB95% CIIncome level0.0011.000–1.000NANAEmployment—manual worker–0.7610.266–0.822–0.8380.228–0.820Member of a patient support group0.9371.797–3.6281.1161.754–5.309Health insurance scheme—combination0.2091.162–1.3070.2151.132–1.357Diagnostic delay0.0090.993–1.026NANASpinal Stiffness (3–12)0.0991.022–1.1930.2201.090–1.424Diagnosed by rheumatologist0.5351.412–2.0670.3351.041–1.877B, B coefficient; NA, [not applicable]Canadian axSpA patients with greater social status, disease awareness, and insurance options are more likely to receive biologic therapy. Furthermore, Canadian physicians are more inclined to prescribe biologics to patients with increased spinal stiffness.Robert Inman: None declared, Marco Garrido-Cumbrera: None declared, Jon Chan: None declared, Martin Cohen: None declared, Artur J. deBrum Fernandes: None declared, Wendy Gerhart: None declared, Nigil Haroon: None declared, Algis Jovaisas: None declared, Gerald Major: None declared, Michael Mallinson: None declared, Sherry Rohekar: None declared, Patrick Leclerc Employee of: Novartis, Julie Schneiderman Employee of: Novartis, Proton Rahman Grant/research support from: Janssen and Novartis, Consultant of: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, and Pfizer., Speakers bureau: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer


Today, a confluence of factors, such as growing concerns about associated consumption externalities and socioeconomic pressures, is building the momentum towards reducing fossil fuel consumption for road transport and rationalizing prices to reflect direct, indirect and externality costs. While limited country specific work has been done, considering optimal transport fuel prices, (e.g. Parry 2012), we have found no attempts to do so with the breadth and scope of our analysis. Thus in this paper, we make three main contributions. First, we survey policies aimed at reducing transport fuel consumption. Out of these policies, we chose fiscal instruments for our extensive quantitative analysis carried out in a supply and demand framework for 123 countries. Second, we quantify the rationalized cost of transport fuels to reflect the direct costs (production), indirect costs (road maintenance), and negative externalities (climate change, local pollutants, traffic accidents and congestion). Finally, we measure the change in demand, environmental emissions, government revenues and welfare induced by successively phasing in our three cost categories. By rationalizing prices, we estimate that total demand for gasoline could be reduced by 8.5 percent and that of diesel by 5.7 percent. This would lead to not only reduction in associated negative externalities, but also generate an estimated $400 billion in revenues to governments.


We examine whether differences in the reporting of workplace case-study research methods are associated with gender, experience, academic rank and PhD training. Using a random sample of published articles, we find that women take more care reporting their research methods in the context of a general increase in methods reporting.


The individual block length distributions of poly(α-methylstyrene)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymers have been determined by the MAC MALDI-TOFMS method of analysis of copolymers, which combines matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with computational data treatment. The problem of the possibility of multiple assignments of chemical composition to the mass spectral peaks is discussed in detail. A solution based on the pattern of peak clusters is proposed and verified using the statistical random coupling hypothesis test. The progress of the anionic polymerization in a series of polymers prepared by sequential addition of the second monomer to a living chain system is studied and shown in three-dimensional (3-D) plots of experimental individual blocks length distributions. The presence of unreacted homopolymer has been observed as well as bimodal and trimodal distributions for the poly(α-methylstyrene) and the poly(4-vinylpyridine) segments. A depolymerization process of the homopoly(α-methylstyrene) in the series of poly(α-methyl-styrene)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymers was detected following a temperature rise. It was confirmed that it is impossible to place a single unit of 4VP at the end of each PαMS chain. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Mobile edge computing (MEC) provides a promising approach to significantly reduce network operational cost and improve quality of service (QoS) of mobile users by pushing computation resources to the network edges, and enables a scalable Internet of Things (IoT) architecture for time-sensitive applications (e-healthcare, real-time monitoring, and so on.). However, the mobility of mobile users and the limited coverage of edge servers can result in significant network performance degradation, dramatic drop in QoS, and even interruption of ongoing edge services; therefore, it is difficult to ensure service continuity. Service migration has great potential to address the issues, which decides when or where these services are migrated following user mobility and the changes of demand. In this paper, two conceptions similar to service migration, i.e., live migration for data centers and handover in cellular networks, are first discussed. Next, the cutting-edge research efforts on service migration in MEC are reviewed, and a devisal of taxonomy based on various research directions for efficient service migration is presented. Subsequently, a summary of three technologies for hosting services on edge servers, i.e., virtual machine, container, and agent, is provided. At last, open research challenges in service migration are identified and discussed.


ABSTRACT This paper considers epistemology in economics, looking at the ways in which theory, observation and measurement are combined. Agricultural economics is a policy science and so scientific research programmes operate simultaneously with political action programmes. Taking policy positions and advising government makes scientific detachment impossible. With this as background progress in production economics is considered, especially regarding technology, productivity and the returns to R&D. The position taken is that progress has been considerable and we can by now measure technological progress and show how it is generated by agricultural R&D. Almost all the studies show that this is an investment with a high rate of return. The main point of the study is that almost all the agricultural economics research that has made this possible was conducted in the USA, where the theory and data were in place when needed to convince the politicians that public funding should be maintained at adequate levels. The payoff is that agricultural productivity has grown monotonically in the USA. The UK case shows the costs of our profession failing to mount an effective political action programme in the area at time of Mrs Thatcher's cuts in the early 1980s. The result was about sixteen years of negative productivity growth. This should act as a warning for South Africa, which is pretty clearly cutting R&D and following the UK productivity path. These failures are so costly, it is odd that only USA seems to have the knowledge and funding required for steady productivity growth.


Six species of aphelinid parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci were identified in Guangdong Province, including 4 species of Encarsia Foerster and 2 species of Eretmocerus Haldeman. The parasitic rate of aphelinid parasitoids on B.tabaci on some important vegetables and ornamental plants were higher during two periods: April to June, September to November. While in the period of a year, the parasitic rate were lower. According to the result of investigation, Encarsia bimaculata and Eretmocerus sp. were two dominant species in Guangdong.


Ensuring network QoS for Internet of vehicles (IoVs) is crucial for safe and intelligent transportation system, while the vehicle density variation seems invincible for stationary base station (BS) networks. In this paper, we study IoV's downlink throughput guarantee, in which, in addition to the cellular BS resource, UAVs (equipped with WiFi interfaces) can be dynamically sent out to provide additional wireless connections. To cope with the dynamic IoV density, we propose an Online UAV Scheduling scheme, referred to as OUS, to online schedule and manage UAVs to guarantee seamless connections with reliable throughput performance. In OUS, we first use the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of IoV throughput to calculate the likelihood of a channel resource shortage. If a shortage condition is imminent and then minimal UAVs will be sent out to their optimal hovering positions. In particular, we revealed the marginal effect for the optimal hovering position acquisition, i.e., the further the UAV is away from the BS, the larger throughput gain can be achieved by the system. We conduct extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of our OUS scheme, and results demonstrate that it can well react to the throughput QoS demand by intelligently sending out minimal UAVs, and its hovering position acquisition method can fully utilize the efficacy of UAVs.


SENTANIN, E. F. (2012). Feasibility of implementing computers in the first stage of basic education in a public hall in the interior of Sao Paulo, 2012. 89 p. Dissertacao (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Ciencias e Letras, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara. This work is based on an investigation of educational policy in a municipal of Sao Paulo, which seeks to implement computers in early childhood education. Computer use can bring many benefits to teaching in the pursuit of quality of learning, but at the same time their application is questionable for small children. Therefore, the objective is to answer the following question: What is the feasibility of implementing such a policy for early childhood education. We used an approach based on a literature review and qualitative research. As part of a qualitative approach was chosen by the method of field study, which was held in a municipal center of early childhood education, with children 5 and 6 years. For data collection technique was used interviews with focus groups and interviews with teachers of this unit. The results show that the benefits are many since computer use is linked to a well-planned educational proposal. And this is a process that involves the whole school management should consider the physical space, technical support in information technology, appropriate choice of software associated with the school curriculum and continuing education of teachers in this area.


In view of the reliability and efficiency of the intelligent building air-condition control system,a project of application based on PLCC and Modbus is proposed.It has been designed a simple structure,cost-effective,flexible expansion control system used SEP4020 as its main control chip.The paper offers the system overall design plan,explains the hardware and software design consideration in detail and illuminates the application feature and foreground of the system.


The Z-Map algorithm is one of the most simplistic methods for NC code simulation in obtaining the machined working surface information; therefore, it is often being applied in NC simulation. In this paper, a modified Z-Map computational algorithm was proposed to calculate mesh position and Z coordinates of tool scanning surface according to tool path and initial tool scanning boundary in reducing the long computation time. The proposed algorithm not only can be used to derive straight line and arc machining tool path, but also can be adopted for helical and spline curves. There is no need to simplify the non-linear curves beforehand. The method proposed in this paper provides a feasible reference for decision about the reliability and suitability of each machining step.


Marienville, Pa., July 29, 1895. To the Editor: —The more one sees ofThe Journal(big capitals inThe, please,) the more satisfaction there is in seeing it all, from title page to finis, of the highest order. The profession ought to be proud of it. Personally,I am willing to add 50 per cent, to the annual dues, if necessary, to keep it up to the highest point in medical journalism. There is a point, however, worth noting. In a conversation with Trustee Dr. E. E. Montgomery, at the Philadelphia meeting, I said the only criticism I heard now about theJournalwas that "it was too good." There is more than "something" in that. TheJournalwants a big circulation. It can't reach all classes—and there are classes and classes in the profession—by a series of articles that are so good as to be exclusive to all but well


This research discusses the effects of portfolio assessment on students' improvement in English writing which are related to their writing proficiency levels, the problems encountered by them in each writing proficiency level, and the solution can be implemented regarding the problems found in the research. The method applied was qualitative method by using test, documentation, and observation instruments to gather the data. All the scores of the tests are arranged in tables based on Wang and Liao's criteria (2008) and are presented in bar chart. The results show that every level of writing proficiency has different percentage of improvement, and the low level students have the least improvement; they produced less sentences. The research also found that every level of writing proficiency had problems which were mainly in content, organization, conventions, and vocabulary, while the low level proficiency had another problem in gaining confidence to produce sentences. Beside that, the students did better in using present tense than past tense, and to improve their writing, it was proven that detailed correction and feedback were effective for the improvement.Thus, it is suggested that teacher should give different portion of attention related to correction and feedback, and the most portion should be given to the low level students of writing proficiency as they have the least improvement. Teacher should also give detailed correction and feedback as well to students to make better improvement.


The automated extraction of retinal blood vessels is the course of action in the medical analysis of retinal diseases. The proposed methodology for the retinal vessel segmentation is based on BAT algorithm and random forest classifier. A feature vector of 40-dimensional including local, phase and morphological features is extracted and the feature set which minimises the classifier error is identified by BAT algorithm. The selected features are also identified as the dominant features in the classification. Performance of the proposed method is analysed by the publicly available databases such as digital retinal images for vessel extraction and structured analysis of the retina. The authors' proposed method is highly sensitive to identify the blood vessels, in view of the fact that it corresponds to the ability of the method to identify the blood vessels correctly. BAT algorithm-based proposed method achieves very high sensitivity and accuracy of about 82.85 and 95.34%, respectively.


This study was being elucidated in order to understand the performance of water mobilization and transpiration in oil palm tree at the age of 2, 4, and 22 years old respectively. To gain that, we attempt to collect the data in regard with the large of total leaf surface (meter square), description on transpiration rate in total leaf surface (in ml/second/cm), the number of stomata at both top and bottom leaf surface, description of root anatomy and total number of roots, water retention, and transpiration. To measure the large of total leaf surface (meter square), we calculated the large of single leaf in (m), multiply with number of leaves per midrib, and total midrib. We quantified transpiration rate in total leaf surface (in ml/second/cm) using the method of cobalt chloride, and calculated the numbers of stomata at both top and bottom leaf surface microscopically, and observed and described qualitatively the palm oil root anatomy and total number of roots. We estimated water retention via calculating the percentage of water content in root and stem. Finally, we recorded the environment data such as air humidity, air temperature and light intensity during the observations. The result showed that in average the total leaf surface at one oil palm tree is 88.77 m; 102.55 m; and 134,91 m at 2, 4, and 22 years old respectively. This larges of leaf are to accomplished the transpiration at the rate of 3.38; 5.69, and 1.24 (ml/second/cm) correspondingly. The number of stomata at bottom leaf surface is bigger than the one at top surface so that the bottom surface is mostly for the place of transpiration occurrence. The number of root for water absorption per palm oil shoot is 324 in average. We illustrated that young root anatomy is more compact and as the growth and development occured, the root is more complicated into root branch and root of the root branch. As the maturation occured, the tissue of mature organ of root branch was disrupted and blessingly to become easier and more effective for water absorption. Water retention was estimated on the data of water content at root (71,70% to 73,40%) in shoot (49,45 – 71,27%). In conclusion, the water mobilization in oil palm tree is a complicated, huge and very dynamics, from roots below the soil, absorbed into stem, and finally evaporated mostly into transpiration. The dynamics depend on its environment variables.


As the continuous development of technology and power system, film capacitors are increasingly used as energy storage devices due to excellent safety, but they have poor energy storage. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the discharged energy density $(\mathbf{U}_{\mathbf{e}})$ and the charge-discharge efficiency $(\boldsymbol{\eta})$ composite dielectric for high temperature applications. In recent years, Polyetherimide (PEI) and polyimide (PI) have been extensively studied due to their excellent $\mathbf{U}_{\mathbf{e}}$ and $\boldsymbol{\eta}$. In this work, it is proposed to blend PEI and PI to enhance the high temperature $\mathbf{U}_{\mathbf{e}}$ and $\boldsymbol{\eta}$ by adjusting their blending ratio. In addition, the microstructure, electrical properties and energy storage properties of PEI/PI all-organic dielectric blend films are studied in detail. The results show that the breakdown strength $(\mathbf{E}_{\mathbf{b}})$ and energy storage performance of PEI/PI composite dielectric inhance with the increase of PI content. When the content of PI is 75vol%, the $\mathbf{U}_{\mathbf{e}}$ of the composite dielectric achieves an improved of 5.91 J/cm3. The results indicate that the strategy of blending PEI with PI can not only increase the $\mathbf{E}_{\mathbf{b}}$ of the composite dielectric, but also enhance the $\mathbf{U}_{\mathbf{e}}$. This work shows that it has a valuable potential to increase the $\mathbf{U}_{\mathbf{e}}$ and $\boldsymbol{\eta}$ of all-organic composite films by blending process.


Analyze the developing trend of transformer equiments,especially the imported equipments used in extrahigh voltage power system,give examples of vacuum oil filling for transformer at Daxigou power station of Ertan power system,and the theory of vacuum oil filling equipment controlling system of Taiwan Electric Power Company,set forth the applied trend in international and advantages of three level vacuum technology,automatic technology and frequency conversion technology.


The piezoelectricity law is a constitutive model that describes how mechanical and
electric fields are coupled within a material. In its linear formulation this law comprises three
constitutive tensors of increasing order: the second order permittivity tensor S, the third order
piezoelectricity tensor P and the fourth-order elasticity tensor C. In a first part of the paper,
the symmetry classes of the piezoelectricity tensor alone are investigated. Using a new approach
based on the use of the so-called clips operations, we establish the 16 symmetry classes of this
tensor and provide their associated normal forms. Second order orthogonal transformations
(plane symmetries and π-angle rotations) are then used to characterize and classify directly 11
out of the 16 symmetry classes of the piezoelectricity tensor. An additional step to distinguish
the remaining classes is proposed


In [2] E. L. Post defined a many-valued propositional logic to be functionally complete if, for every function on the set of truth-values, there exists a formula of the logic having that function as its associated truth-value function. He proved that the logic with truth-values 1, 2, …, m and (i) a unary connective ∼ such that ∼p has truth-value i+1 (mod m) when p has truth-value i, (ii) a binary connective ∨ such that p ∨ q has truth-value min(i, j) when p, q have truth-values i, j respectively, is functionally complete. The many-valued logics described by Łukasiewicz and Tarski [1] are not functionally complete. These logics have truth-values 1, 2, …, m and (i) a unary connective ~ such that ~p has truth-value m−i+1 when p has truth-value i, (ii) a binary connective → such that if p, q have truth-values i, j respectively, then p → q has truth-value 1 for i ≧ j, and truth-value 1 for i ≧ j. The functional incompleteness of these logics is immediate, since there exists no formula in p having truth-value i (≠ 1 or m) when p has truth-value 1. In [4] Słupecki showed that if a new unary connective T, such that T(p) has truth-value 2 for all truth-values assigned to p, is added to the 3-valued Łukasiewicz-Tarski logic, then the resulting logic is functionally complete. In [3] Rosser and Turquette proved this result for the m-valued (m ≧ 3) logic.


The composition of multiple level rearranged switching networks has been studied by using the combinatory analysis method. A new type of three level rearranged switching network structure is given in the paper. When using 2×2 units to make up multiple level N×N switching networks, the unit quantity that were used S=Nlog2N -N+1, the speed of optimum theory value is one time higher than Benes networks. The network blocking have been divided into static and dynamic characteristics according to its formation systems. The calculation for switching network's static characteristics has been made by using the combinatory analysis method.


The correlation between insulin resistance and homocysteine levels in patients with preeclampsia indicate that insulin resistance in preeclampsia is related to endothelial dysfunction.


Abstract Initially, incremental bond graphs were introduced to support frequency domain sensitivity analysis of linearised time-invariant models. Subsequent publications have shown that they can be used for other purposes as well such as the determination of parameter sensitivities of analytical redundancy relations (ARRs) in symbolic form. This paper extends previous work to fault detection and isolation (FDI) from hybrid system models. In order to ensure robust FDI in the presence of parameter uncertainties and to avoid false alarms of faults reported to a diagnosis system, properly chosen thresholds for the time evolution of residuals of ARRs are needed. Hybrid systems exhibit several operation modes. Distinctive continuous time behaviour in different operation modes require adapted thresholds for fault indicators. The paper shows how an incremental bond graph can be used to set up thresholds for residuals that account for parameter uncertainties as well as for discrete mode changes. The approach is illustrated by means of an example easy to survey.


Author(s): Shaughnessy, Orna | Advisor(s): Tansman, Alan | Abstract: In this dissertation I argue that the literary imagination of late nineteenth century Japanese travel narratives fixated on the figure of the translator as a model of success and mastery in the international forum who could bridge linguistic differences with aplomb. The figure of the translator during what I call 'the moment of the translator' from roughly the 1850s through the 1870s served a key purpose: he embodied a model of modern Japanese identity that could successfully move through international contexts, on Western terms, by means of his fluency in foreign languages. In chapter 1 I examine the multitude of historical figures who acted as translators in the late nineteenth century to argue that the cumulative force of their public stories created 'the moment of the translator.' In chapter 2 I consider one of the most popular fictional travel narratives to feature a translator figure: Kanagaki Robun's Seiyodochu hizakurige. Next, I consider the non-fictional travel writings and primers of Fukuzawa Yukichi to demonstrate how he implicitly models himself as a translator and successful participant in the international forum. I then turn to the travel writings of Nagai Kafu who wrote a generation later, and whose translator figure transforms into the figure of the wandering artist. Finally, I turn to the contemporary author Tawada Yoko to consider the subverted legacies of the translator figure, who comes into view again in Tawada's transnational, multilingual fiction.


In view of the electromagnetic information leakage of information security implication, this paper analyses the time-frequency characteristics of radiation signal from LCD display with a resolution of 1280×1024 through simulation. The design and measurement of the shielding box is given. A USA military standard testing is made, which shows that the designed shielding box is less than the overall emission of radiation 35 dBµV/m and with a proper increase In protection radius, the amount of its radiation emission can be reduced to 20 dBµV/m or less, lower than the 20 dBµV/m of the ambient noise thus meeting the information security requirements.


We describe an assistive technology for improved literacy among the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, that is cost-wise and accessible to deaf individuals and their families/service providers (e.g., educators), businesses which employ them or list them as customers and healthcare professionals. The technology functions as (1) A real-time translation system between Moroccan Sign Language (a visual-gestural language) and standard written Arabic. Moroccan Sign Language (MSL) is a visual/gestural language that is distinct from spoken Moroccan Arabic and Modern Standrad Arabic (SA) and has no text representation. In this context, we describe some challenges in SA-to-MSL machine translation. In Arabic, word structure is not built linearly as is the case in concatenative morphological systems, which results in a large space of of morphological variation. The language has a large degree of ambiguity in word senses, and further ambiguity attributable to a writing system that omits diacritics. (e.g. short vowels, consonant...


Objective:To explore the rehabilitative effects of Occupational therapy combined farming therapy for chronic schizophrenia inpatients.Method:80 chronic schizophrenia inpatients were randomly divided into the intervention group and control group,the intervention group was treated by Occupational therapy combined farming therapy(including medicine),and the control group only by medicine.The symptom severity and social function of two groups were evaluated by PANSS,MRSS and SSPI scale before and after treatment.Result:After treatment,the intervention group total score of negative symptoms was(17.9±8.2)lower than that of the control group(25.4±7.6),there was significant difference(t =4.24,P 0.05);After treatment,the total scores of SSPI of the intervention group SSPI(27.5±7.6)were higher than the control group(20.2±5.4),there was significant difference(t =5.11,P 0.001).MRSS score(48.8±14.5)was lower than that of the control group(57.2±17.7),there was significant difference(t =2.32,P 0.05).Conclusion:Occupational therapy combined Farming therapy can effectively improve the negative symptoms,social function and rehabilitation of chronic schizophrenia inpatients.


This investigation concerns to study the quantity of seepage through homogenous earth dam without filter resting on impervious base using computer program SEEP/W (which is a sub-program of Geo-Studio). Using SEEP/W experiments carries out with three different downstream slopes of the dam, three different upstream slopes, three variable downstream head, three different upstream head, three different height of earth dam and three different top width of earth dam. For each run the quantity of seepage have determined. Dimensional analysis was used with helping of the theoretical results to develop an empirical equation in order to determine the quantity of seepage through homogenous earth dam without filter resting on impervious base. Also, Verify the SEEP/W results with an artificial neural network (ANN), and compare with analytical methods. Results show that when compare the suggest equation with artificial neural network (ANN) less than 3% error with SEEP/W results less than 2% error, Dupuit's solution has more than 20% error and Casagrande's solution has more than 15% error.


Sensor networks consist of wireless enabled sensor nodes with limited energy. As sensors could be deployed in a large area, data transmitting and receiving are energy consuming operations. One of the methods to save energy is to reduce the transmission distance of each node by grouping nodes into clusters. Each cluster has a cluster-head (CH), which communicates with all the other nodes of that cluster and transmits the data to the remote base station. We describe the adaptation of a growing self-organising map (GSOM) to cluster the wireless sensor nodes and to identify the cluster-heads. We compare the results with a well-known clustering algorithm. We also describe the energy minimization criterion for clustering.


A considerable amount of vertebrate remains have been found in the upper Messinian Cassano Spinola Conglomerates Formation, which crops out along the Tanaro River near Verduno (Piedmont). The fossil-bearing deposits were deposited during the third stage of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.55 5.33 Ma) in connection with the 'Lago-Mare' event. Sedimentological evidence indicates that the deposition of this Formation originated in a variety of freshand brackish-water environments. This is the most diverse Late Miocene faunal community found in NW Italy up to now, and includes remains of fish (cyprinodontiforms and putative lophiiforms), amphibians (bufonids, ranids), reptiles (testudinids, geoemydids, lacertids, anguids, varanids, agamids, amphisbaenians, scolecophidians, colubrids), birds (galliforms, accipitriforms and strigiforms) and mammals (proboscideans, perissodactyls, artiodactyls, carnivores, insectivores, rodents and lagomorphs). The tetrapod assemblages are consistent with the late Turolian age inferred based on sedimentological evidence and indicative of an open, semi-arid woodland savanna with at least modest, sparse fresh and brackish water bodies. The Verduno fossil assemblages share faunal similarities with coeval ones of southwest, central, and eastern Europe, as well as of peninsular Italy. Located at the crossroads between the two sides of the Mediterranean, northwestern Italy witnessed faunal exchanges between the different corners of the European continent. It was also on the access pathway to the Italian peninsula. The Verduno assemblage made it possible to track the migration of several taxa during latest Miocene across the whole southern Europe.


Amaiouine, a cyclopeptide alkaloid, was isolated from the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Amaioua guianensis. The structure was elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by X-ray crystallography.


A auxiliary acquisition method and design of phase locked receiver is presented in this paper,the specific design is also given follow.This method is based on the fact that phase-locked-loop has good characteristics of narrow-band carrier tracing and modulating tracing.


Background: Obesity is a growing problem all over the world, including the United States. Single-incision laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a surgery performed for patients who want to lose weight. The number of deaths resulting from thromboembolic complications from bariatric surgeries continues to be of major concern. Case Description: A 38-year-old female was admitted for single incision sleeve gastrectomy and was discharged home three days later. Subsequently she began to have abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. A CT scan revealed superior mesenteric vein thrombosis with small bowel ischemia, splenic infarction and main and right portal vein branch thrombosis. An exploratory laparotomy demonstrated necrotic bowel due to abdominal compartment syndrome, and an area of small bowel was resected due to internal hernia. Surgical management of the patient during her second hospital stay included a decompressive laparotomy, internal hernia reduction, a small bowel resection. Discussion: Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis can be a life-threatening complication and present with non-specific presentations; thus, it is imperative that it is identified and managed promptly as these cases carry significant morbidity and mortality. Obese patients who undergo bariatric surgery frequently have other co-morbidities; many of which can complicate a case further. Mesenteric vein thrombosis is normally treated with unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin. (Int J Bopmed. 2015;5(3):162-166.)


Bridges are essential transportation infrastructures built to provide connections between physical obstacles. In the United States, a highway bridge consists of three major parts: deck, superstructure, and substructure. Their inspection and condition rating is heavily relied on visual inspection. Because of limited funding, a well-performed prediction model on bridge components condition can help to reduce labor cost, and assist decision makers with making better decisions regarding bridge preservation, rehabilitation and replacement decisions.


The research on the concept of happiness education gradually increased since the 17th CPC National Congress.Related research has focused on the definition of some basic concepts,the basic content of the concept of happiness education,problems and reasons,approaches and so on.However,these studies are still relatively fragmented,so it needs a further complete theoretical framework and theoretical system.


Objective This study aimed to evaluate a possible delay in root development of the permanent lateral incisor on the cleft side compared with its contralateral tooth in patients with incomplete and complete unilateral cleft lip. Design Retrospective. Setting Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Patients A sample of 95 panoramic radiographs of patients with incomplete and complete unilateral cleft was obtained from the files of HRAC/USP. The patients were both boys and girls of various races, aged 5 to 11 years, and did not have any syndrome or associated congenital malformation. The sample was divided into three groups according to the severity of the cleft lip. Main Outcome Measure Radiographs were analyzed to compare root development stage of the lateral incisor on the cleft side with the noncleft side according to the classification of Nolla. Results The mean delay in root development of the permanent lateral incisor on the cleft side ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 scores for all three groups investigated. Conclusions Root development of the permanent lateral incisor on the cleft side was delayed compared with the noncleft side.


This article attempts to describe and to analyse the philoshopical point of views regarding epistemology, logic and language and the possible relation bertween those three branches of philolosophical inquiries. The method used in this research is analytical method because many arguments of philosophers has to be analysed in order to portray the whole picture of the correlation between epistemology, logic and language.This article shows that there is a close connection between the study of knowledge and the study of language as a medium to express what is known. Philosophers are generally interested in discussing the relationship between mind, word and reality. Some of them have come to a conclusion that the words are at a crossroads: do they want to reflect what is in the mind or to reflect what is in reality. Then how to distinguish between the correct sentences (propositions) from the wrong ones. Grammatical analysis stops only at the limitofthe relationship between sentences and grammatical rules as a truth test of a proposition. But how to test the truth of the content (property, essence, substance) of a proposition? Many philosophical theories are put forward but still that such things as mind are a mystery, words and sentences also form their own mysteries.


Battery energy storage systems (BESS) can be used for ancillary services like frequency containment reserve (FCR), which can generate a significantly higher revenue than energy arbitrage. Different FCR services differ in revenues and energy throughput, which induces costs due to conversion losses, tariffs, but it also leads to a significant number of battery cycles that reduce the battery capacity over time. The normal operation reserve (FCR-N) had the highest revenues in the past years, but comes along with a higher energy throughput than the disturbance reserve (FCR-D) which also has a lower price. Based on the Nordic regulatory frame work with 5 years of market and tariff data, the present study demonstrates that by choosing the most profitable service for each hour it is possible to reduce the number of charge cycles with 51% and increase the operating profit with 22% compared to delivering pure FCR-N.


Purpose: This study investigates whether a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)-polyglycolic acid (PGA) mesh-type bone joining material (PLLA-PGA mesh), a bioabsorbable osteosynthetic material, can replace titanium mesh for secondary bone grafts in the alveolar cleft.
Methods: The subjects were 6 patients who underwent secondary bone grafting in the alveolar cleft using the PLLA-PGA mesh and 6 patients treated with titanium mesh. Intraoral X-ray images and dental small-field CT (3DX) were taken over a period of 6 months postoperatively. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was performed for two objective variables obtained from CT images namely the vertical height of the bony bridge and the labial-lingual thickness. A generalized linear model was also used to analyze a discrete objective variable, i.e., the score for the bony bridge height obtained from the occlusal X-ray image. In these analyses, the five explanatory variables used were mesh type, sex, age, grafted bone mass, and width of the alveolar cleft measured on the CT image.
Results: No significant factors were observed among the 5 explanatory variables with regard to influence on bony bridge thickness. Mesh type was the only significant factor influencing bony bridge height, and the height was greater when using PLLA-PGA mesh than when using titanium mesh. However, there were no significant factors influencing alveolar crest height on occlusal X-ray images.
Conclusions: There were no marked differences in bony bridge morphology in the alveolar cleft area between the PLLA-PGA and titanium mesh groups.


The sedimentary basin is to geology what the drainage system is to geomorphology, with sediment flux being a unifying link between the two features and disciplines. The global sediment discharge from contents to oceans contributes to major mass recycling associated with plate subduction. Major plate reorganization is accompanied by small fluctuations in continental volumes due to recycling of sediment stored along the sink-like passive margins. In continental sedimentary basins the SEdiment Preservation RAtio (SEPRA) depends upon the tectonic 'drawdown' of sediment flux preserved in the subsurface until basin inversion. Major unsteadiness in sediment discharge arises from teconic or climatic causes, the latter prominent in the Quaternary to Holocene record. Contrasting trends in sediment discharge reflect both the nature of climate and vegetation change and source rock lithology. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Space Physics was born with the launch of the rst artii-cial satellite, Sputnik, in 1957. The ability to conduct in situ physical measurements in distant, previously inaccessible regions, has made Space Physics a distinct discipline. Space ight has led to important discoveries that clariied and revolutionized our knowledge about near-Earth space. Furthermore, scientiic payloads of ever-increasing complexity have been developed for space missions, pushing technology to new frontiers. Here we are presenting a synoptic review of past and current space physics activities in Greece. Future prospects in our eld are outlined, with reference to international trends and national possibilities. This review is not exhaustive, and it focuses on the activity of the space physics groups at the National Observatory of Athens and at the University of Thrace, which are the main space physics groups in Greece. Needless to say, the report does not include the activities of the numerous Greek space scientists living and working abroad.


Theorization in the sociology of migration and the field of refugee studies has been retarded by a path-dependent division that we argue should be broken down by greater mutual engagement. Excavating the construction of the refugee category reveals how unwarranted assumptions shape contemporary disputes about the scale of refugee crises, appropriate policy responses, and suitable research tools. Empirical studies of how violence interacts with economic and other factors shaping mobility offer lessons for both fields. Adapting existing theories that may not appear immediately applicable, such as household economy approaches, helps explain refugees' decision-making processes. At a macro level, world systems theory sheds light on the interactive policies around refugees across states of origin, mass hosting, asylum, transit, and resettlement. Finally, focusing on the integration of refugees in the Global South reveals a pattern that poses major challenges to theories of assimilation and citizenship developed in settler states of the Global North.


Degradation diagnosis of cable is one of major issues for operation and maintenance in overhead distribution power lines. The diagnostic system for overhead power lines is composed of three parts in functional aspect - a travelling unit, a sensing unit and a communication unit. Among them, sensor detects the defects such as corrosion and disconnecting of power lines. Performance of sensor is very important, and besides, the size and structure of sensor is restricted for installation to small and lightweight diagnostic system. This paper suggests an optimal eddy current sensor best suit for small and lightweight diagnostic system in consideration of detecting performance, size and ease of installation and so on. Proposed sensor has been designed by Drum core structure and can be applied to the all domestic overhead power lines regardless of the cross-sectional areas. Also, it is showed that results of mock environmental test are satisfied.


—With the development of science and technology, people increasingly rely on intelligent interactive products, thus promoting the vigorous development of the user interface industry. Software with high usability and user experience can improve users' effectiveness and satisfaction, as well as the user viscosity. Taking three design software: Sketch, Adobe XD, and Figma, which is most frequently used by design industry practitioners and students, as research cases, this study compared and discussed the impact of interaction design and interface layout on the usability and user experience combining with subjective experiment methods, scale scoring, user testing and retrospective think-aloud interview, as well as objective experiment method, eye tracking. It is found that the overall usability and user experience of Figma is the best, Adobe XD is the second, and Sketch is the worst. The main reason for this result is that the three software have different degrees of issues in interface layout, information quality, and interaction logic. Based on the results, the optimization suggestions for the usability and user experience of user interface design software are proposed from three perspectives: interface design, information quality and interaction design.


This paper presents a whole benzocyclobutene (BCB) membrane zero-level packaging using a wafer-level BCB bonding technique and a membrane transfer technique with silicon carrier wafers for millimeter-wave devices. The developed packaging technology has been applied to a coplanar line and thin-film planar resonator to evaluate the effect of the packaging on their RF performance. The packaged coplanar line has shown an insertion loss change less than 0.01 dB/mm from dc to 110 GHz and thin-film resonator has 0.6-dB return loss change at 62.5-GHz resonant frequency after packaging. In addition, a flip-chip compatible BCB packaging technology has been implemented using gold-electroplating technology for a vertical interconnection. The effects of a vertical interconnection on the coplanar line and a BCB layer over the gold-plugged coplanar line have also been investigated


The 3d transition metals Ni, Co, and Fe are vaporized using an inductive heating method and their electron-beam-excited ${L}_{2}$,3${\mathrm{M}}_{4}$,5${\mathrm{M}}_{4}$,5 Auger spectra are measured for the first time with a double-pass simulated spherical Jost-type analyzer. The experimental spectra show a complicated manifold spectral structure, which has been analyzed by comparing it with the multiconfiguration calculations.


Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is seen with increasing frequency in hospitals and is considered as a major cause of hospital-acquired infection. The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize the airborne MRSA in different wards of a referral university hospital. Thirty-four air samples of 100 litres volume/min were collected by a microbiological air sampler, then impacted on trypticase soy agar (TSA) and incubated at 37℃ for 48 h. Recovered colonies were identified by standard methods. From all S. aureus, 9.3% was identified as MRSA which comprised 4.2%, 3.1% and 2% in the adult and nursery intensive care units, and operating theatres (ICU, NICU and OT, respectively). MRSA isolates were remarkably susceptible (87.1%) to each of amikacin, chloramphenicol, imipenem and rifampin. MRSA isolates were shown in all units with minimum inhibitory concentration value of >256, 32 and 6 µg/l in ICU, OT and NICU, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of all MRSA isolates indicated the amplification of the mec A gene. It is concluded that MRSA was isolated from all units making eradication of MRSA a target hard to achieve. However, the antibiotic resistance profile of the MRSA isolates looks promising leaving a room to combat nosocomial infections.


There are many fermentation variables which can influence fermentation product during fermentation process, including fermentation time, temperature, pH, oxygen uptake rate (OUR), carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER), dissolved oxygen (DO) and stirring speed. For understanding the relationship between fermentation product and associated fermentation variables, one current interest is the investigation of significant fermentation variables to construct an interpretable and stable fermentation model. In this study, the significant variables in the fermentation process of glutamate were selected based on the generalized additive models through a shrinkage approach. The GAM2 which is based on less fermentation variables after variable selection has the same value of adjusted Rsquare (0.972) and deviance explained (97.6%) as GAM1 which includes all the measuring fermentation variables. Results showed that the proposed approach not only can identify the significant variables in the fermentation process of glutamate, but also can improve the performance of the fermentation model.


A recirculation fluidized bed combustion boiler of straw is prepared as setting material feed mouth and residue extraction mouth on firepot, setting cooling device being connected to ignition combustion chamber and refeeder with secondary wind opening at bottom of firepot, using water cooling wall with top and bottom collection boxes as side wall of firepot, connecting outlet of firepot to separation device being connected to refeeder and two stages of thermo reduction devices separately, connecting one stage of thermo reduction device to a overheat unit with economizer and preheater as well as setting steam pocket and water supply pipe at top of firepot.


Remote sensing technology has become the primary tool for ecological research at large scales,but there is a major problem in differentiating between different spectra for the same vegetation and the same spectra for different vegetation,when classifying saltmarsh vegetation in remotely sensed images in Shanghai.The spectral characteristics of the saltmarsh vegetation canopy,including four main communities: Phragmites australis community,Spartina alterniflora community,Scirpus mariqueter community and Carex scabrifolia community,were measured by a ground FieldSpec~(TM) Pro JR spectroradiometer,in the Chongming Dongtan Natural Reserve.The spectral data were converted to the reflectance curves,and their first derivative curves between 350nm and 1000nm were calculated.The differences in the reflectance and first derivative curves were then analyzed, with particular attention paid to the characteristics in the bands of visible,near infrared,"green peak" and "red edge".The results from this study showed that the different saltmarsh communities had different and rather unique spectral characteristics during the three seasons studied(spring,summer and autumn).As well,the differences among the spectral characteristics during the three seasons for these four communities were not the same.It is proposed that the optimal strategy for classifying the saltmarsh vegetation may be through the integration and analysis of multi-seasonal images.The results from this study can serve as a tool for monitoring the distribution pattern and dynamics of the exotic plant Spartina alterniflora,as well as to provide a basis for the judgment and interpretation of the hyper-spectral image,and for the mapping of saltmarsh vegetation.


Researchers mining data from the National Lightning Detection Network found a 32% decrease in lightning counts in May and June 2020 compared with previous years.


Since concentration of greenhouse gas increases continuously from human's fossil fuel use, urbanization, and cultivation, it is trend that climate change is appearing. In Addition, in 20th century, occurrence of disaster is accidental and huge, and damage level also increases gradually. Therefore, in order to preserve the territory and to protect people's life and property against new type disasters, disaster detection satellite (payloads) development is required urgently. In this paper, we conduct a research and development for the prompt preemptive action when occurred a disaster, in particularly, about the disaster observation optimized at Korea's geographical features for the irregular future disasters. For the payload design which is specialized detect disasters, we create a tech tree of satellite imagery applications based 10 disaster types, and analyze the satellite sensor technologies referred to Landsat-8, Worldview-3 and ALOS-2.


Recommendation systems guide users to choose the most appropriate items among numerous alternatives based on predicting their interests. Recently, it is seen that recommendation systems have become to be widely used in educational domain, especially in course recommender applications. The objectives of these systems is facilitating course selection process of students and reducing their stresses. The current course recommendation studies generally consider the most recent grades of the courses taken by students and ignore the case of repeating the course under the pass-fail or grade replacement options. However, retaking a course is the primary parameter giving opinion about tendency of the students to the courses. In this study, we propose a novel collaborative filtering (CF) based course recommendation system considering the case of repeating a course and students' grades in the course for each repetition. We experiment different Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operators which aggregates grades for each student's repeated courses to enhance the recommendation quality. The normalized mean absolute error (MAE) of our approach using CF and OWA is calculated as 0,063 which is encouraging for future work.


The installation of Exxon's Lena guyed tower set two new offshore records when the longest one-piece jacket was positioned on the seafloor and eight main piles were driven to 560 feet. The overall installation of the guyed tower jacket, decks, and pipelines required a variety of offshore installation procedures and extensive project planning. To minimize the potential for damage to the tower's guying system, an unconventional derrick barge mooring system was deployed at the installation site. A special pile latch assembly was developed to assist in installing six torsion piles. Installing 58 conductor strings required efficient handling of over 800 pieces of conductor pipe. Following deck installation, two pipelines were installed through 1000-foot J-tubes using the direct pull method and a dynamically positioned reel ship.


Objective To determine epidemiology and risk factors for nosocomial infections in severe patients.Methods The study included 434 patients (7394 patient-days)during a 2-year period (2010-2011).The incidence rate of infection,pathogenic bacteria,correlation factor of infected were analyzed.Results A total of 225 infections were identified in 113 patients(26.0%).The incidence and infection rates were 56.8 in 1000-patient days and 51.8%,respectively.The infections were pneumonia (40.9%),bloodstream (30.2%),urinary tract (23.6%) and surgical site infections (5.3%).Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.6%),methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (22.2%) and Acinetobacter spp.(11.9%) were frequently isolated micro-organisms.Median length of stay with nosocomial infection and without were 13 days (Interquartile range,IQR,20) and 2 days (IQR,2),respectively (P < 0.01).In logistic regression analysis,mechanical ventilation[odds ratio(OR):16.35 ;95% confidence interval(CI):8.26 ~32.34;P <0.01),coma(OR:15.04;95% CI:3.41 ~66.33;P <0.01),trauma(OR:10.27 ;95% CI:2.34~45.01 ;P <0.01),nasogastric tube(OR:2.94 ;95% CI:1.47 ~ 5.90; P < 0.01),tracheotomy (OR:5.77 ;95% CI:1.10 ~30.20;P <0.05) and APACHE Ⅱ scores 10 ~ 19(OR:10.80;95% CI:1.10 ~ 106.01 ;P <0.05) were found to be significant risk faetors for nosocomial infection.Rate of nosocomial infection increased with the number of risk factors(P <0.01).Mortality rates were higher in infected patients than in non-infected patients(60.9 vs 22.1% ;P <0.01).Conclusion These data suggest that,in addition to underlying clinical conditions,some invasive procedures can be independent risk factors for nosocomial infection in ICU.

Key words:
Nosocomial infection; Intensive care unit; Risk factor


Furoic acid, furane c~-carboxylic acid, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P i with two molecules in the unit cell. A quantitative X-ray investigation, based on visual intensity measurements of over 300 crystallographically different planes in the axial zones, has led to a complete deterruination of the structure and the results have been refined by double Fourier projections parallel to b and c. The discrepancies/~ = 100.2:[15'o][Fc[[ +2:[$'0[ are 11.2, 18-7 and 14-5 % in the (hkO), (hO1) and (Okl) zones respectively. The bond lengths and valency angles are given; in particular, the C-O bonds of the carboxyl group are 1.16 and 1.26 ~ long and those of the ring 1.30 and 1.31 /~, while the C-C bond between the ring and the carboxyl group is 1.47 A. The molecule is planar, pairs of molecules being grouped about centres of symmetry by means of hydrogen bonds.


Horticultural production for the export market has been credited for rural community growth and employment in Sub-Saharan Africa. To make the agri-enterprises competitive and profitable, smallholder farmers are now required to invest in food safety and production standards such as GLOBAL Good Agricultural Practices (GLOBAL GAP). Most often, the inability to afford capital has affected compliance with food safety production standards. However, farmers can use household assets to finance the agri enterprise ventures. The purpose of the study is to explore the impact of household wealth on the adoption of food safety certification standards. The study used cross-sectional data collected from 479 smallholder farmers in Kenya. The findings reveal that 49% of the households are categorized as wealthy and 51% as poorly endowed. The empirical findings on the willingness to adopt GLOBAL GAP certification reveal that membership to GLOBAL GAP affiliated farmers groups significantly influence on wealthier farmers to attain GLOBAL GAP certification status. Farmers groups facilitate joint investments that reduce the cost of investing in GLOBAL GAP assets such as grading shed, protective gear, shower rooms, disposal pits, incinerators, hessian coolers, packaging crates, soil testing kits and establishing food traceability systems. In comparison to poor endowed farming households, the well-endowed farmers have a relatively significantly better wealth index, an indication that they can easily raise capital investments to finance GAP certification. Finally, we observe that selling beans to GAP certified buyers significantly enables farmers to comply with the expected certified production standards.


Based on the TNC's FDI "Double Concentration", this paper brings forward and demonstrates the dual advantages of the host country in attracting FDI. One is primary advantage and the other is agglomerate advantage. With the competition in attracting FDI becoming more intense, the primary competition is weakened, while the agglomerate advantage is becoming stronger and stronger. They work on two levels. The primary advantage is the premise of the agglomerate advantage and the agglomerate advantage is the primary advantage's expression and strengthening. Better primary advantage and agglomerate advantage are the best promoter for the host country in the competition of attracting FDI. In the course of competing for FDI, one country should exert more effort in the shift from the former to the latter.


Can people recognize and appreciate design creativity in products? It has previously been shown that creativity influences willingness to purchase products. Those results served as the inspiration for this study, however, it was of interest to investigate whether using a different research approach would yield similar results. Thus the Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT) (Amabile, 1982) was adopted. Participants were asked to assess creativity level, technical advancement and aesthetic appeal, as required when applying CAT, adding purchasability to investigate appreciation of creativity, which is outside the usual CAT frame. Despite the expansion of CAT a high interrater agreement existed for each attribute indicating that CAT was reliable. This study could, however, not reproduce the previous findings of a relationship between creativity and purchasability of design products. Aesthetic appeal was the only attribute shown to predict purchasability, a relevant finding for designers and managers alike.


In this paper, five aspects related to the study of religion in the university setting, in its classically liberal mode, are considered. First, the author's commitment to this kind of university is developed further by noting a surprising new development in academic freedom. Then, the author argues against the a-religious impulses of modernity and discusses the place of the study of religion at the university from three perspectives: the paradigmatic philosophy of science, the sociological continuation of faith and the evolutionary importance of religion. Last, the kinds of relevance that have been, ought to be and are likely to be demanded of theology at the university are discussed briefly.


For detecting review spam in the Internet automatically,an method based on resistance network is proposed.By treating the distance between two reviews as a resistance,we represent the given dataset as a resistance network and the resistance distance between two nodes is a measure of the semantic distance between them.Spam reviews are semantic outliers in this network.An electrical outlier factor(EOF) for each review based on its influence on the power dissipated of the network was used to detect the spam reviews.Experimental results testified that EOF is suitable for detecting review spam,and is efficient and effective.


Ramadan is the month during which Muslims refrain from food, liquids and smoking during daylight hours and eat a large meal after sundown. This custom provides a unique opportunity to study the biochemical changes over Ramadan time. The study was performed on 57 healthy females and was carried out in the month of Ramadan (October- November 2004). Blood samples were collected four times: one week before the beginning of Ramadan, at the end of the first week, at the end of the second week, and at the end the last week of Ramadan. Haematological indices including haemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, and platelets count were determined twice (one week before Ramadan and mid of Ramadan) on whole blood samples. Serum was evaluated for creatinine, urea, albumin, uric acid, and lipids (triglycerides), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDLC) was calculated. Haematologically, platelets count was significantly decreased (p = 0.002) during Ramadan while other parameters remained relatively stable. Biochemical analysis showed a significant reduction in serum triacylglycerols (TAGs) after the mid of Ramadan (p = 0.007). A slight but not significant increase (p=0.073) in HDL–C was observed. The changes in the other parameters were not significant. In Jordanian healthy females, Ramadan fasting resulted in a statistical effect on platelets count and serum triglycerides. ىلع ةساردلا هذھ تيرجأ


In the present paper, an attempt has been made to measure the complex dielectric constant of soil under laboratory condition at 10.45 GHz using the infinite sample method. Emissivity, both for vertical and horizontal polarization, have been calculated using measured dielectric data and emissivity model. It is found that dielectric constant and emissivity depend upon moisture contents. The measured values of dielectric constant and emissivity are compared with calculated values using Wang-Schmuggee empirical model and Dobson et al empirical model. It is found that both calculated and experimental values are in close agreement. The brightness temperature (Ta) of soils are also calculated with moisture contents using emissivity data. Keyowrds : Microwave frequency, emissivity, dielectric constant, soil characteristics, brightness temperature. PACS Nos. : 84.40.Xb, 77.22.Ej, 78.20.Ci, 92.40.Lg L Introduction The ground based studies of the emissivity properties of different earth constituents at microwave frequencies are important as they provide a successful interpretation of various remote sensor's data. Microwave emissivity of soil is dependent on both the water content and physical characteristics of soil. Emissivity is the very important parameter which provide infomiation about soil. It is defined as the ratio of energy emitted by an object to that emitted by a perfect black body maintained at the same physical temperature and is also the ratio of brightness temperature to the physical temperature of object. The emissivity of soil depends upon its dielectric constant, surface roughness, chemical compositions, physical temperature, frequency, polarization and angle of observation. The emissivity of the soil also varies in different moisture contents. The knowledge of the emissivity of the soil is useful for building microwave sensors and microwave instrument for its application in agriculture. Various theoretical models have been developed to estimate microwave emissions of natural earth materials. ^^®rresponding Author In the present paper, dielectric constant of soil samples are measured using X-band microwave bench with different amount of moisture contents at 10.45 GHz. The emissivity of soil are calculated (using emissivity model and dielectric constant) as a function of moisture contents and angle of observation. 2. Materials and method 2.1. Physical characteristics o f soil : The physical characteristics of soil depends upon its texture and amount of water presents in the soil. Amount of water presents in a soil plays a vital part in the hydrological cycle, in that it supplies water for growth of the plant ecosystem. Each soil has its own set of properties depending on its nature. Soil is characterized by sand , silt and clay. Depending upon the percentage o f each constituents, the soil is named differently. The samples of soil were collected from four differrat places. Sample 1 and sample 2 from Man river of Suiguja district. Sample 3 and Sample 4 from different places of Ambikapur city in the


An important issue in a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system employing Multidimensional Waveform Encoding (MWE) is the fulfillments of Digital BeamForming (DBF) on receive in elevation for a reliable separation of the mutually overlapped echoes from multiple transmit waveforms. In this paper, the performance of a separation approach employing hybrid DBF in elevation by combining the onboard real-time beam-steering and a posteriori null-steering DBF on the ground is elaborately investigated. As a cascaded structure which comprises two subsequent DBF networks, the onboard part effectuates the steering of the mainlobes within multiple partitioned groups of antenna elements to ensure sufficient signal receive gain over the whole swath; the a posteriori adaptive DBF network on the ground mainly performs the task of placing nulls to cancel the range interference from other transmit waveforms, which enables adaptive beamforming to avoid the topographic height variation problem. Two type of onboard realtime beamformers are investigated, depending on the utilization of the transmit waveform structure information or not. The performance of the hybrid DBF approach is theoretically analyzed and evaluated in simulation experiment. It is shown that the hybrid DBF approach can provide additional dimensions of the trade-space to optimize the performance on range ambiguity suppression and signal-to-noise ratio improvement, as well as the onboard data volume reduction. In comparison with the a posteriori DBF on the ground, employing the hybrid DBF networks can get satisfactory performance while remarkably reducing the output data volume, in the presented example, the corresponding output channel number is decreased from 10 to 6.


Due to the increasing spectrum scarcity caused by data-consuming multimedia applications over mobile and smart devices, efficient utilization of radio spectrum has been receiving tremendous interest during the past decades. Previous spectrum sharing techniques using cognitive radio might cause mis-detection and performance degradation of the incumbent users due to the limited sensing capability of devices and lack of timely information exchange between co-existing heterogeneous networks (HetNets). In this paper, an orchestrated spectrum sharing approach that integrates the distributed located users, base stations (BS), incumbent stations, and the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) controller into an amalgamated network with real-time information exchange is introduced. In order to effectively protect incumbent users and efficiently share the pooled spectrum resources, real-time 3D interference map is considered to guide the spectrum access based on the SDN global view. MATLAB simulation is conducted to verify the performance improvement.


The requirement for cloud forensics is accumulative rapidly because of its fast development in cloud computing and due to the opportunity of cloud connected crime in the digital world. There are numerous provocations in cloud forensics and few researchers have addressed those challenges. In this paper, the challenges challenged in cloud forensics and consistent explanations addressed by the researchers were emphasized. Similarly, a novel model for moderating the provocation in cloud forensics is proposed. Proposed model affected in private cloud model. Then the model will be authenticated by initiation selected conceivable attacks. To classify and investigate the current technical, legislative, structural challenges or whichever other kind of limitations that could hamper an appropriate and continuous investigation of cloud incidents. To extant an indication of the methods, methodologies and good practices for the forensic analysis of occurrences in the Cloud, based on a desktop research.


The peptidylanthranilic acid ester is stable during the reactions leading to the elongation of peptides. However, when the ester is hydrolyzed, the amide bond of peptidylanthranilic acid is catalytically hydrolyzed at pH 7, owing to the effect of the free carboxyl group of the anthranilic residue, into peptide and anthranilic acid. In this reaction, no decomposition or significant racemization of peptide was observed, and the protected peptide was easily obtained. Only in the case of glycylanthraniloyl derivatives did the rearrangement into peptide and anthranilic acid occur in aqueous solution.


It provided an operation control apparatus, an operation control method, and a computer program. The operation control apparatus comprising: a pressure detecting means disposed in the display section, wherein the display means displays the character information input region, the pressure sensing member detects the pressure operation member pressing the display surface of the display member; and an operation control means, the operation change control means based on the pressure detected by a pressure detecting means to switch the input mode of the character information. When detecting the pressure detecting means detects a pressure decrease equal to or greater than a predetermined percentage of a predetermined time period, the operation control means is determined by the input character information, and then, the operation control means based on the detected change of pressure is determined based on character information to be entered to switch the input mode of the character information.


The professional back-up for adopters provided by adoption agencies, however valuable, clearly has its limitations. Consequently, in response to the need for a less formal approach, adopters are increasingly turning to each other for mutual support. Based on the experience of setting up an independent support group for adopters, Gill Gregson and Nicki Rooney each discuss the benefits of such an informal network from their respective positions as social work practitioner and adopter.


An Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) displays the technology information on PC, PDA and so on through digital methods. Its characters include quip inquiry, easy updating and moving. The standards of data model can standardize the development of IETM and obtain a higher efficiency in managing and using IETM.


In the urban traffic control (UTC) development offices of the West Yorkshire Metropolitan County Council a number of computer programs have been developed for use in UTC implementation and signal design. This article briefly describes the programs and indicates some of the ways in which these can improve signal performance. Time/distance diagrams can now be drawn using a microprocessor computer with a graphics VDU display. The computer program (called TD) allows 6 to 8 junctions to be displayed, has edit facilities on the input data and allows intermediate and final edited data to be stored. Co-ordination of traffic signals at complex networks can be achieved using the TD program to complement the delay calculations obtained from TRANSYT. The TD program is also useful for optimising staging, finding the natural cycle time, deciding between alternative strategies and for evaluating new junctions. The TD screen display can be used to demonstrate many of the complex reasons for the co-ordination finally implemented. It is possible to point out advantages of existing signal timings and to show what would happen if alternative timings were implemented. Four other programs developed are briefly described, they are:-(1) drawing out phase timings within intergreens (INTGRN); (2) controller logic (LOGSIM); (3) pedestrian delays (PEDEL); (4) one in twenty queue length (1IN20Q). Programs (1) and (2) are used in connection with the MCE 0141 controller a microprocessor-based traffic signal controller for isolated linked and urban traffic control installation. (TRRL)


Curcuma longa Linn. is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. In viro protocol for the regeneration of plantlets from the sprouted rhizomes of turmeric was optimized. Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of cytokinins and varied percentage of sucrose were experimented. Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with benzyl amino benzene (BAP) at the concentration of 2mg/l and sucrose 3% showed the best regeneration in comparison to Kinetin when used singly. Combination of 2mg/1 BAP and 3mg/ Kinetin resulted in highest number of shoots. The same media showed spontaneous rooting. Healthy regenerated plantlets were selected for hardening in sterile mixture of garden soil and sand in the ratio of 1:1. Ninety three percent of the micropropagated plantlets survived to maturity when transferred to soil.


The technology of crystal growth has advanced enormously during the past two decades; among those advances, the development and refinement of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been among the most important. Crystals grown by MBE are more precisely controlled than those grown by any other method, and today form the basis for many of the most advanced device structures in solid-state physics, electronics and optoelectronics. In addition to its numerous device applications, MBE is also an enormously rich and interesting area of materials science in and of itself. This paper, discusses a few examples of some of these materials issues, organized according to whether they involve bulk, thin films, or surfaces.


Cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases involve molecular and tissue level damage of blood vessels and heart. Coronary Heart Disease and heart failure are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Stem cell transplantation is emerging as a new treatment option. Stem cells are capable to reach and settle down at damaged cardiac tissue. This stem cell option also repairs the myocardial infarction area in heart or vascular territories and ultimately reduces the infarct-related mortality. Non-invasive cardiovascular imaging monitors the real-time status of cardiovascular remodeling or differentiated stem cell autografting. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bioluminescence are robust non-invasive monitoring techniques to visualize cardiovascular structure changes due to myocardial dysfunction or restorative myocardial recovery. The present chapter highlights the sources, types, delivery methods of stem cells in cardiovascular treatment, advantages and current limitations of stem cell monitoring, scopes of ultra-high field cardiac 900 MHz MRI and bioluminescence methods applied in stem cell transplantation, to translate stem cell molecular events into clinical success and evaluation of rejuvenation rate with future perspectives. In conclusion, right choice of stem cells, pluripotent stem cell delivery, transplantation and real-time monitoring of stem cell trafficking enhances the stem cell therapeutic efficacy in cardiac engraftment and differentiation.


A phase space theory for population dynamics in Ecology is presented. This theory applies for a certain class of dynamical systems, that will be called M-systems, for which a conserved quantity, the M-function, can be defined in phase space. This M-function is the generator of time displacements and contains all the dynamical information of the system. In this sense the M-function plays the role of the hamiltonian function for mechanical systems. In analogy with Hamilton theory we derive equations of motion as derivatives over the resource function in phase space. A M-bracket is defined which allows one to perform a geometrical approach in analogy to Poisson bracket of hamiltonian systems. We show that the equations of motion can be derived from a variational principle over a functional J of the trajectories. This functional plays for M-systems the same role than the action S for hamiltonian systems. Finally, three important systems in population dynamics, namely, Lotka-Volterra, self-feeding and logistic evolution, are shown to be M-systems.


The article analyzes the roles of orderly use of electricity to solve the power shortage in winter in China and the related issues of the electric power industry development. Based on the actual situations of China's electricity,development-stage of orderly power use is divided. The article discusses the economics principles of orderly power use to ensure the electric power system operation safety,to improve the efficiency of resource allocation and improve the social welfare in the case of market failure. At the present stage,administrative measures should be the main functions and economic means is supplemented. Combined with the past experience of orderly power use and present new status,the article puts forward detailed proposals and the future work prospects.


The credit relations is the basic relations in market economy. Now the credit relations is confued greatly in our country, the credit management relatively falls behind. We must perfect credit relations. It is necessary for us to analyse the reasons of lacking of the the credit relations and the means to perfect credit relations.


Conventional Load Sensing(LS) system has low efficiency when multiple actuators with different loads are in motion simultaneously,in order to improve system efficiency,the work mode switch controller of a novel separate meter in and separate meter out(SMISMO)-LS system was studied.The characteristics of energy consumption and velocity control in different work modes for heavy load actuator and light load actuator were compared through theoretical derivation,and work mode selection criterion and work mode switch controller for corresponding actuators were designed with aim to reduce energy consumption,experiments were carried on to test the effectiveness of the designed mode switch controller.The oscillations of velocity and back chamber pressure are low during mode switch process,back chamber pressure is maintained at low value to improve energy saving characteristic.Obtained results show that the work mode switch controller is feasible,and SMISMO-LS system can further improve energy saving characteristic while retaining good velocity control characteristic.


Correa's cascade is a dynamic process in the development of intestinal‐type gastric cancer (GC), and its pathological features, gastric microbiota and interactions between microorganisms and their hosts vary at different developmental stages. The characteristics of cells, tissues and gastric microbiota before or after key therapeutic points are critical for monitoring malignant transformation and early tumour reversal. This review summarises the pathological features of gastric mucosa, characteristics of gastric microbiota, specific microbial markers, microbe‐microbe interactions and microbe‐host interactions at different stages in Correa's cascade. The markers related to each Correa's cascade point were analysed in detail. We attempted to identify key therapeutic points for early cancer reversal and provide a novel approach to reduce the incidence of GC and improve precise treatment.


This paper considers if the 'routinisation' of many occupations, driven by factors such as outsourcing and the advent of the World Wide Web, has caused overeducation, undereducation and wage penalty for these employees. The resulting polarisation of the labour market is further impacted by supply-side factors, such as the influx of migrants, which may have adverse effects on wages. We estimate three-equation trivariate probit system with overeducation, undereducation and probability of receiving wage penalty as binary dependent variables. Furthermore, overeducation and undereducation also enter as explanatory variables in the wage penalty equation. Our approach differs significantly from the traditional ORU (overeducation, required education and undereducation) estimates where overeducation and undereducation variables only enter in the system as dependent variables to avoid endogeneity bias. To aid convergence in the trivariate probit we apply appropriate exclusion restrictions and we apply constraints on unwarranted combinations of education and skills mismatch. Our analysis is based on exceptionally rich Dutch micro-data that uniquely enables us to match each employee's occupation to its required level of education (as defined by Statistics Netherlands). This matching using official data enables us to overcome the typical self-reporting bias found in much of the overeducation literature. Our results suggest that routinisation has mainly led to overeducation and, improved, undereducation.


The prevention of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders is one of the main goals in ergonomics. Among others, surface electromyography (sEMG) is an important tool for the evaluation of risks related to work activity. Three main issues have been approached in ergonomics via sEMG: 1) the analysis of muscle activation, 2) the analysis of exerted forces and torques, and 3) the analysis of muscle fatigue. Many studies have been carried out in static conditions. In ergonomics, however, it is more relevant to study muscle activity and fatigue during real tasks that are, in general, dynamic. From isometric to dynamic contractions, the complexity of the interpretation of sEMG signals increases considerably. Changes in sEMG signals are related to the continuous modifications in force output, muscle fiber length, and relative position of surface electrodes and sources. To increase the reliability of the information extracted from sEMG, multichannel detection systems have been applied, showing the possibility of overcoming some limits of the standard technique. Some illustrative laboratory and field studies are reported in this work to illustrate the potentialities and the open problems in the use of multichannel sEMG in ergonomics. Case 1 is a laboratory study investigating the myoelectric manifestations of fatigue in the biceps brachii (BB) during dynamic elbow flexion/extension. Case 2 is a laboratory study investigating the myoelectric manifestations of fatigue during a repetitive lifting task. Case 3 is a field study, carried out in an automotive plant, investigating muscle activation during the welding of a car door. Many factors play a leading role in the correct interpretation of information provided by sEMG. Even though multichannel sEMG provides information able to improve the estimation of force and/or fatigue during working tasks, many problems related to the signal acquisition and interpretation are still open. Further improvements are necessary to develop multichannel sEMG into an effective tool supporting other methodologies for the evaluation of work‐related risks. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


My Master thesis is focused on the use of animal symbols in brands. In the theoretical part I dealt with animal symbolism history and evolution since first ages till present time with respect to its changes. Different meanings of attributes of specific animals are more often related to geographical, cultural and religious differences than to historical period. In the practical part there I analysed the principles of animal symbolism use in selected brands. I divided them into three thematic groups according the way how the symbol is used - in the brands of sport clubs, in brands, where the symbol of an animal introduce the source of the products, and in brands symbolizing the animal characteristics. Working with an animal symbol a graphic designer would respect both the philosophy of the firm and also the animal symbolism. Keywords: animal symbolism, brands, evolution of selected brands.


Diamond‐like carbon (DLC) possesses brilliant and excellent properties, including excellent corrosion resistance as well as outstanding wear resistance. Ni and B co‐doped DLC films were deposited on AZ91D magnesium alloy by electrodeposition under mild conditions (300 V and 25°C). Uniform and dense morphology of co‐doped DLC films were observed, and Ni and B were uniformly incorporated into the carbon‐based films. Among all the electrodeposits, the appearance of D and G peaks near 1330 and 1570 cm−1 revealed that the as‐deposited films were typical DLC films. As the addition of Ni was increased to 0.05 g, the highest microindentation hardness, the lowest friction coefficient, and wear loss were achieved to be 164.5 HV, 0.3, and 0.6 × 10−5 kg/m, respectively. The amorphous carbon films fabricated at 0.05 g Ni had the lowest corrosion current density and the most positive corrosion potential, which was mainly due to the small and dense granular structure effectively hindering the penetration of corrosion media.


It was on the period of time immediately before the occasion of India's Independence day 2015 that government announced Indradhanush for Indian Public Sector Banks. The mission aimed to improving the functioning of Public Sector Banks. Modi impressed with the word Indradhanush and loved to give new slogans which can have some impact on the memory of the listeners/leaders. By using the Indradhanush the bureaucrats in finance minister have tried to appraise Modi as this indicates 7 colours (steps) and A2G for Public Sector Banks. A2G represents - Appointments, Bank Board Bureau, Capitalization, De-stressing Public Sector Banks, Empowerment, Framework of Accountability and Governance reforms. By arranging new forms the functioning of Public sector Banks it can compete with the private sector banks. The study involves a seven-point programme to rejuvenate public sector banks, will be able to provide a competitive, profitable and customer-friendly banking sector. Recapitalization or infusion of capital of Public Sector banks is a central theme of this research. Research stressed on balance sheet of Indian banks, movement of profitability in both Return on asset and return on Equity of commercial banks. Constraints for bank to step in the right direction are needed to be analyzed in this study. In addition to governance processes Public Sector Banks need to review their business models and examine strategic decisions like capital structure and dividend policy.


Introduction: Implantations of intraocular lenses (IOL) after cataract phacoemulsification surgeries are performed in the capsular bag of the lens, fixing and centering them by haptic elements. However, there is a number of complicated cases in the cataract surgery when there is a need for additional suture fixation of IOL: in case of capsular rupture, the absence of a capsular bag, weakness and failure of the ligamentous capsular apparatus of the lens, as well as a dislocation of a previously IOL, not excluding a partial or total luxation into the vitreous body. The ophthalmic surgeon depending on a whole range of clinical factors and the IOL model chooses a specific method. Existing methods of IOL fixation have some disadvantages that is why the development of new approaches to this problem is relevant. Purpose: To provide a technique for IOLs reposition with a suture fixation to the sclera in the ciliary sulcus area. Materials and Methods: The article presents the method for suture fixation of IOL dislocation (Rayner model). It covers the description of a method of IOL reposition with the suture fixation into the ciliary sulcus. Surgery stages: This method of the suture fixation of IOL is performed using two needles connected by a thread of polypropylene 10-0 (mani sutures polypropylene 10-0). Using a 30G guide-needle through the paracentesis, the needles are inserted above and below the IOL haptic element at the 6 o'clock position. The resulting thread loop fixes the IOL in the projection of the ciliary sulcus to the sclera. Results: Visual acuity on the first day after surgery was 0.7, IOP 19.0 mm Hg. At the control check-up after 7 days, visual acuity is 0.9 without additional correction, IOP 18 mm Hg. Conclusion: The proposed method of IOL repositioning by suture fixation into the ciliary sulcus is characterize by atraumatic, simple implementation and allows achieving of good functional and anatomical results in the treatment of patients.


Seventy-three progenies consisting pure Nigerian Indigenous pig (NIP) (14), hybrids (50% Large White and 50% NIP) (23) and backcross (75% Large White and 25% NIP) (36) were used for this study. The hybrids (HY) piglets had higher birth weight, weaning weight and pre-average daily weight gain with values of 0.81Kg, 6.60Kg and 0.78Kg respectively, followed by the 75% exotic backcrosses (BC) with values of 0.71Kg, 6.15Kg and 0.69Kg respectively. During dry and wet season, there was no significant difference between the males and the females in birth weight, weaning weight and pre-average daily weight gain. The effect of season of farrowing and sex on the growth parameters was not significantly different (P>0.05). The hybrid had higher values in weight and in all the morphometric parameters taken than that of backcross and of NIP. The backcross had the highest litter size at birth in dry and wet season but had low survival rate. In conclusion, the hybrid performed better than the NIP and backcross in litter traits during wet and dry seasons but the survival rate of backcross to weaning age was lower compared to that of hybrid. Hybrid had the highest survival rate in both dry and wet seasons.


The present invention discloses a test head chip wafer-level package for automatic detection and implementation method, the test head includes a mounting plate, PCB, Plug pin probe guide plate and the probe plate; Probe the dial is provided with a probe array; mounting board, PCB, the probe and the probe guide plate are sequentially stacked discs secured together, the probe guide plate is provided between the bottom plate and the PCB of the probe; plug pin is disposed on the top surface of the PCB, a plurality of pin plug wire, plug wire electrically connecting a plurality of probe arrays is achieved by pins and the printed circuit board PCB. The test head used to automatically detect the chip wafer-level package and its implementation method, a test mode based on an array of probes, can improve the efficiency of testing the chip wafer-level package.


Purpose. To test the mathematical model of the spiral classifier, which properly reflects the physical phenomena occurring in it. This will make it possible to quickly identify the separating properties of the size classifier by numer-ically modeling the separation index in the overflow product. Identification can be carried out using the particle size distribution functions, which are determined by a one-parameter distribution law in view of the fact that rather small particles are concentrated in the overflow. The methodology of research. Analytical calculation of all the necessary indicators of the technological process of classification to determine the indicative fineness in the overflow of the classifier based on the calculation methodology set forth in the first part of this article. Findings. The illustration of the sequence of calculations is the result of studies to identify changes in the operation of the spiral classifier, which are estimated on the basis of partial derivatives of the mathematical model according to the regime parameters of classification. Originality. It is proved that through the parameters observed during the operation of the spiral classifier, the indicative fineness can be calculated theoretically maximum size of solid particles that can be found in the classifier overflow, which ensures an increase in the accuracy of identifying


In this paper, the standard multiple classifier combination method was used for land cover mapping using remotely sensed data. Landsat TM data in Lanier Lake was used as an experimental data. Land cover maps were derived by combining classifiers at abstract level with same training features, combining classifiers at abstract level with different training features and by combining classifiers at measurement level respectively. Classification accuracies of these maps were compared with those of classifiers was combined. Results showed that for all classifiers combination methods, the classification accuracies were improved. Advantages and drawbacks of every method of classifiers combination were analyzed and further study in combining multiple classifiers for remotely sensed data classification was suggested.


INTRODUCTION
Postsurgical patients with head and neck cancer could have a high rate of ambulatory complications. The aim was to investigate whether oral ambulatory nutrition of head and neck cancer patients with recent weight loss, using two different doses of an omega 3 fatty acids and arginine enhanced diets could improve nutritional parameters.

DESIGN
At Hospital discharge post surgical head and neck cancer patients (n=37) were asked to consume two or three cans per day of a designed omega 3 fatty acid and arginine enhanced supplement for a twelve week period.

RESULTS
Albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and lymphocytes levels improved in both groups. Weight, fat mass and fat free mass improved during supplementation in group II (3 bricks per day). No differences were detected in anthropometric parameters in group I. Gastrointestinal tolerance with both formulas was good, no episodes were reported. There are no differences between both formulas on postsurgical complications rates.

CONCLUSIONS
Omega 3 and arginine enhanced formulas improved blood protein concentrations and lymphocyte levels in ambulatory postoperative head and neck cancer patients. A high dose of arginine and omega 3 fatty acids formula improved weight, too.