Abstract Background/Aims According to newspaper Bernama, 6.5% of adolescents in Malaysia aged between 12 and 17 have completed their vaccination and 89.7% of the adult population have completed theirs as of 9th October 2021. The acceptance of patients with rheumatic diseases on Covid-19 vaccination are crucial in the successful long-term protection against COVID-19 infection. We conducted a phone survey to determine the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination amongst adolescents with underlying rheumatic disease. Methods This was a phone survey. The electronic medical records of all rheumatology patients follow up in rheumatology clinic Hospital Sultan Ismail, Malaysia from 2019 to 2021 were reviewed and patients with the age group between 12 to 21 were identified. Demographic data, diagnosis of the disease and outcome of the survey were collected and analysed. Results Phone survey was done after data extracted from medical records. For those under the age of 18, guardian of the patients was interviewed. A total of 50 patients were identified. Most of the patients were female (46/50) and majority of them were Malay (33/50). This was followed by Chinese (10/50), Indian (4/50) and others (3/50). The mean age group was 18 (range from 13 to 21). 36 of them were having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 5 of them were having juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) ,2 of them were having psoriatic arthritis (PSA) and another 2 of them were having rheumatoid arthritis (RA), followed by RA overlapped SLE, juvenile dermatomyositis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, SLE overlapped with JIA and mixed connective tissue disease about 1 each respectively. Majority of them patients are keen or already completed COVID-19 vaccination with the acceptance rate of as high as 92% (46/50). Only 8% of them are not keen for vaccination with the only reason of worrying the risk of myocarditis post vaccination (1 SLE patient and 1 PSA patient). Conclusion The overall acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination amongst adolescents with rheumatic diseases are very encouraging with the percentage of > 90% despite lacking knowledge about vaccination for COVID-19. This result can assist our Ministry of Health in planning for future battles to improve vaccine uptake that hopefully can lead to herd immunity against COVID-19 infection. Disclosure C. Ng: None. T. Ho: None.


Classic work on muscle shortening phenomena demonstrates that meat stored at 12-15°C until the muscle has entered rigor produces the least shortening and, as a consequence, most tender meat. Coupled with known effects of calcium chloride (CaCI2) injection, the objective of the current study was to establish whether pre-rigor injection of a CaC12 would overcome the toughening effects of storing meat for the first 24 h postmortem (pm) at temperatures either below 10°C (cold shortening) or above 15°C (heat shortening).


In this study, energy yield of a photovoltaic (PV) system is predicted from the output peak power of an individual PV module. Measured energy yield of an individual back contact single crystalline silicon PV module is scaled with total number of PV module within the PV array to calculate the energy yield. Regarding the conversion efficiency of the inverter in the PV system, calculated and measured energy yield of PV system were compared for selected dates. To confirm the accuracy of the proposed model, days with clear and cloudy irradiation profile were selected from August and November. The difference between calculated and measured energy yield of PV array were found to be insignificant. Thus, current method which is straightforward, feasible and reliable to predict the energy yield of PV array using just an individual PV module. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The solubility of n-alkanes in supercritical carbon dioxide are well known in the literature. It is obvious to think that the solubility of diketone is lower than the solubility of n-octacosane. Unfortunately, the solubility of diketone is unknown but there are some data about the solubility of n-octacosane. The value is, for example, 2.18 10-3 (molar fraction) at P = 134.2 bars and at T = 45.4°C. The batch extraction experiments (P = 120 bars, T = 45°C) were realized with a poor quantity of feed, 100 mg, due to the synthesis. The experiments were not so easy because the feed and the solute are solid at atmospheric conditions. We try to optimize the separation and the withdrawn of the solute by using cyclonic separators. The purity of the extract was established by several ways : melting point, calorimetric analysis, gas chromatography, X-ray diffraction and compared with the commercial product.


Automatic generation control of hydropower plants is an important content of the safe and economic operation of hydropower plants. The main task of hydropower plant AGC is: In order to meet the requirements of the system, the active power of the hydropower plant is automatically controlled by the fast and economical way according to the predetermined conditions and requirements. Considering the operating limits of power plant and unit and ensuring the safe operation of the power plant, and according to the requirements of the amount of water or system on the tour, in economic operation principle, determine the number of power plant unit operation units and unit operation combination and unit load distribution. So that the unit runs in the optimal conditions, with the least water consumption of the largest electricity, to create the largest economic benefits for the power plant.


The invention discloses a display method for label data on a browser display interface. The method includes the steps of triggering an instruction for obtaining data to which a data label points when a cursor is detected to move to the data label of the browser display interface, responding to the instruction for obtaining the data to obtain the data to which the data label points, generating a data browsing interface for the obtained data, and displaying the generated data browsing interface on the browser display interface where the cursor is located. The display method has the advantage of displaying the data browsing interface to which the data label points on the browser display interface; meanwhile window switching efficiency and use convenience are improved, and a browser is more intelligent.


The paper presents the lessons learned during the test activity of LTE network in Telecom Italia Lab. The issues mainly regard the lack of low cost and flexible monitoring and test platforms easy to reconfigure and adapt to the diverse network interfaces. The paper presents the design guideline for the development of FPGA-based devices able to overcome the presented issues. Exploiríng the NetFPGA platform and re-using the available open-source software, a preliminary prototype implementing some ideas is presented Furthermore, the paper shows the preliminary results obtained during the utilization of the NetFPGA prototype in the test activities.


The pathogenesis of an acute myocardial infarction consists of the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, followed by a sudden thrombotic coronary occlusion. Pioneering studies performed more than 40 years ago, even before there was full recognition of the underlying pathobiology, showed that nonselective intracoronary fibrinolysis can restore perfusion to the jeopardized vascular territory.1 Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has now emerged as the optimal mode of reperfusion therapy, if performed by an experienced team within 90 minutes after the first medical contact. Primary PCI results in patency of the occluded artery in almost all patients and in normalization of epicardial perfusion, . . .


We study the minimal rank of an infinite upper triangular matrix over a field. We characterize all linear maps on this space that preserve the minimal rank. Moreover, we give a partial solution to some open problems concerning this notion.


The invention discloses a frequency locking method for a hysteresis-mode buck converter. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out conversion on reference frequency and system sampling frequency to obtain voltage parameters corresponding to the reference frequency and system sampling frequency respectively; carrying out calculation according to the voltage parameters corresponding to the reference frequency and the voltage parameters corresponding to the system sampling frequency to obtain differential current signals; and controlling a slope of a voltage Vramp formed based on a feedback voltage Vfb through the differential current signals. The invention also discloses a device for realizing the method above.


Officials in developing countries are concerned with the efficient allocation of educational resources, since education represents their largest and usually most rapidly increasing budgetary expenditure. The efficiency of an educational system can be defined partly by the net benefits-lifetime earnings, labor productivity, or personal satisfaction-accrued to individuals with more education than those accrued to individuals with less. Educational institutions provide their graduates with these advantages by instilling in them attributes considered necessary to obtain such advantages. These attributes are both cognitive-academic achievement and manual skill-and affective self-esteem, dependability, creativity, and motivation.


The process of aging society and Internet + services is accelerating. Home-based Internet + services smart elderly care has also attracted more and more attention. A new smart elderly care model based on data fusion of Internet + services has begun to enter people's vision. It has become an important research topic on building an Internet + services smart care platform for old people based on data fusion. The following will explore the specific construction and design of the smart care platform for old people through people's demand analysis and construction ideas for the Internet + services smart care platform for old people.


This paper first introduces the present conditions of the real estate in HangZhou NingBo and WenZhou, then makes a comparison of the investment and the supply and demand of the real estate there respectively. Meanwhile the paper evaluates the acceptance level of the inhabitants for the house price in those cities. Finally the paper offers some advice in terms of the shortcomings in the development of real estate in the three cities.


We shall never have clean barbers until the work which is expected of them is performed by women. It appears to be natural for most men to be unclean; offensive odors, and juices, and exhalations, seem to ooze from them naturally. Women appear to be cleaner, and sweeter, and purer, and the atmosphere about them is unquestionably more wholesome. This is easily accounted for. Men willingly defile themselves; women instinctively shrink from defilement. Men burn a horrible, poisonous plant in their mouths, or roll it under their tongues; women, worthy of the name, avoid the practice as they would any other unclean and offensive act. Men saturate themselves with dirty things, and many of them seem to delight in contact with them; women make a virtue of cleanliness, and endure foul contact unwillingly. These would appear to be good reasons why the trade of the barber should be given' to women. Certainly there is no thing connected with it which is be yond their capacity; no labor as tax ing and exhausting as thousands of working women and shopgirls now perform. Besides, it is work which pays; and there is no decent man in all the world*who would not pay a trifle more for cleanly service from the deft and skillful hands of a fasti dious woman than from an unwashed man, redolent of all foul smells. There is a fortune in store for a hundred good women in New York, who will open barber's shops and employ only women as helpers.


The ene reaction between plant oil triglycerides (such as soybean and sunflower oils) and paraformaldehyde was used to introduce a homoallylic hydroxyl functionality on the triglyceride. Paraformaldehyde and triglyceride were reacted in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, ethylaluminum dichloride, and hydroxymethyl derivatives were obtained at yields of 42 and 55% for sunflower oil and soybean oil, respectively. In the next step, hydroxymethyl products were reacted with maleic anhydride at 100°C to produce the maleate half esters. The average number of maleate groups per triglycerides was found to be 1.7 for soybean oil and 1.3 for sunflower oil. In the final step, the free-radical–initiated copolymerization of the maleinized triglycerides with styrene produced rigid polymers. Characterization of new monomers and polymers was done by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and infrared and mass spectrometries. The swelling behavior of the crosslinked network polymers was determined in different solvents. The glass-transition temperature of the cured resin was also determined by differential scanning calorimetry to be 40°C for soybean-based polymer and 30°C for sunflower-based polymer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 4037–4046, 2004


As the climate crisis persists, there is a crucial need to increase knowledge on adaptive capacity and the underlying factors building it. This is particularly important for disadvantaged groups, such as coastal women in East Africa. Women's livelihoods in these seascapes are and will be more severely affected by climate change and the capacity of East African states to deal with these challenges is limited in terms of financial and human capital. In this research, we investigated the underlying factors building the adaptive capacity of coastal women in Zanzibar (Unguja Island), Tanzania. Coastal women (N=117) were interviewed in villages around the island to gather information about potential factors supporting adaptive capacity. This was analysed applying Cinner et al (2018) five domains typology for adaptive capacity, i.e. assets, flexibility, organizations, learning and agency. The results show that women had relatively low adaptive capacity, extended poverty and very high dependence on seaweed farming of red algae, a livelihood providing low income and already being seriously affected by climate variability and change. Women's observations of key variables related to environmental changes corresponded to most scientific findings. It was, however, unclear how that knowledge is useful and enhances adaptive capacity. Adaptive capacity was generally low but individual differences were found in which ten women had a high income. The results show that the factors underlying adaptive capacity are complex and interact with each other, being positive, negative and unclear. Many of the identified factors deserve future research. This study adds to the pool of knowledge by addressing women (not only men); coastal ecosystems (as land and freshwater systems are more studied) and the individual level (since most studies focus on national and community levels). The study illustrates that institutional renewal, bridging and cooperation is possible in Zanzibar bringing good news to the region.


GHG emission of building sector is focused on important issue because the emission amount is one quarter in total emission amount in Korea. In this study, program that is calculation tool of building GHG emission amount was developed to calculate building GHG emission though the building's whole life cycle. In this study, program that is calculation tool of building GHG emission amount was developed to calculate building GHG emission though the building's whole life cycle to prevent global warming. As the reason, GHG emission amount of building sector is one quarter in total GHG emission amount in Korea. For developing the program, the entire process for calculating GHG emissions of building was applied ISO 14040 standard that is international standards of life cycle assessment. In addition, conventional programs were researched for applying their characteristics to our program. Based on this, the program calculates building GHG emission through each of blinding life cycle stages that are materials product, building, management of construction and disposal/recycle. For providing convenience to user, the program has automatic function which is result of material amount through BIM program and energy consumption calculation program is imported to the program.


According to the international energy agency, the role of renewables continue to increase in the electricity, heating and cooling and transport sectors. Newly develop technology in photovoltaic cells that have the potential to dramatically increase solar power generation in the next two decades. Being closer to the equator, Sri Lanka has a great opportunity to have solar energy throughout the year almost 5-6 hours per day. Sri Lankan power supply organizations are mainly depending on diesel, coal and hydro power. Still we do not have enough sources to supply electrical energy throughout the country. All the energy sources except hydro power are not considered as environmental friendly since they emit high amount of carbon to generate power. Being the first Green University in Sri Lanka, University of Kelaniya has initiated many approaches for energy conservation within the University. This study was carried out to find out the most suitable location within the University for installation of a solar panel system using ArcGIS software. For this, surface area of roof of buildings, height of buildings, elevation of the land, disturbance from other structures such as buildings and trees were selected. Map layers were created by using high resolution satellite image. Surface elevation profile was created by using available contour lines. Building layer was digitized from the satellite image using ArcGIS software. After overlaying all layers together suitable roofs were selected for the solar panels to install. In order to find possible energy in the area, meteorological data was collected including minimum and maximum atmospheric temperature, rainfall, and sunshine hours from Welisara meteorological station which is the nearest meteorological station to the University. The mean values of meteorological parameters obtained for the past 8 months were as follows; maximum atmospheric temperature of 28.28 C and minimum of 26.02 C, rainfall of 171.92 mm and sunshine hours were 7.6 hours. After selecting suitable buildings from the map, visual observation was done to calculate roof area of each building manually. The building with the highest surface area and minimum disturbance from adjacent structures was selected as the best suited location. The best suited location was selected and also it shows the highest monthly average consumption of electricity among other university buildings. Apart from that suitable lands also can be considered. But as the availability of lands in the university premises is a limited factor, priority was given to the rooves of the buildings. It is easy to make 3D view of the University by using 3D Analyst, if there is a higher resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Roof structure and the shape can be used to maximize the efficiency of solar panels. GIS can be used as a supportive tool in optimization of determining the best suited location for the solar panel installation.


This paper presents a study into the effect of receiving antenna orientation and polarization on the measurement of antenna efficiency for electrically small antennas (ESAs) in a reverberation chamber (RC). Throughout the measurements, the same transmitting antenna was used whereas the receiving antenna was either the antenna under test (AUT) or a reference antenna (REF) of known efficiency. A source polarization stirring technique was employed and a series of measurements were made for various combinations of AUT and REF antenna orientations and polarizations. The obtained radiation efficiency results are compared. The AUT used for this study was an electrically small dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). The results show that differences in measured efficiency of up to 2 dB (i.e. 40%) can arise due to different AUT and REF orientations and polarizations.


The present invention is a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated monomer, water, a water-soluble polymerization initiator and optionally the dispersion of water-in-oil soaking type consisting of a continuous phase of an organic solvent containing the dispersion medium and the dispersion phase of an aqueous monomer solution of a water-soluble cross-linking agent polymerization by and in the method for producing a polymer of the absorbent, an aqueous monomer solution at a predetermined temperature which transform the dispersion of the additive in an organic solvent to form a dispersion in water remains type, and the water remains form a dispersion of water-in-oil soaking type there is provided at least by heating and production method of the water absorbent polymer characterized in that a reverse phase temperature.


With the development of the electricity market,urban distribution network planning is facing many uncertainties,including the load variation.To solve the problem,the interval algorithm was used to modify the load uncertainty,the mathematic model of distribution network planning,and the initialization searching method of automatic routing.What′s more,the genetic tabu hybrid algorithm was adopted to optimize the initialized network.The improved planning method was applied to an actual case and compared with the planning method of certainties,and the results show that the improved method is suitable for urban medium-voltage distribution network planning with consideration of load uncertainty.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a mango vinegar beverage. The beverage is prepared from (wt%) mango vinegar 5-15, sweetener 5-15, calcium lactate 10-20, and water in balance. The preparation method comprises the steps of removing impurities and the pit of mango, crushing, pulping, performing enzymolysis, inoculating active dry yeast into the pulp with initial sugar degree 10-20 DEG Bx, temperature of 20-40 DEG C, pH of 3.0-4.5 and inoculum size of 5-15% in weight percentage, fermenting for 1 week to obtain mango wine, filtering, inoculating immobilized Acetobacter with sodium alginate content of 1-5% in weight percentage, CaCl2 content of 1-5% in weight percentage, initial alcohol content of 5-15%, temperature of 20-40 DEG C, pH of 3.0-7.0 and inoculum size of 5-20% in weight percentage, shaking for 2 days, fermenting for 18 days to obtain mango vinegar, adding the sweetener, the calcium lactate and the water in proportion, stirring, filtering, sterilizing and testing to obtain mango vinegar beverage. The sweetener can be one selected from honey-sucrose mixture, trehalose and isomaltulose.


Annotated on inside cover 'Authors' note, the collotype coloured frontispiece was made by the form of Emery Walker and included at the special request of Mr Le Blond who paid the extra cost involved'.
(enclosures: review of book from the Pall Mall Gazette; anonymous review of book from The Connoisseur, undated; obituary of Audrey Le Blond from The Times, 3 April 1951; manuscript letter to Bernard Rackham dated 5 January 1951, signature indecipherable.)


Objective To study the effect of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor (IMPDHI) on chemotaxis, migration and endocytosis of human peripheral myeloid dendritic cells (MDCs). Methods Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)collected from healthy volunteers (N=15) and the study group were treated with IMPDHI. CC chemokine receptors on MDCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. The study group, control group and different chemokines were added via trans-well approach for different chemokines, stained by Lin-1/CD11c/HLA-DR and counted by flow cytometry. The migration index was calculated as a percentage of MDC migrated in response to the tested chemokine. After isolation of blood dendritic cell antigen-1+ (BDCA-1+ ), mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis was measured as the cellular uptake of FITC-dextran by the flow cytometry. Results (1) Compared to the control group, the expression of CCR1 in the study group was up-regulated significantly(17.02±3.23~30.63±9.13, P<0.05) and the expressions of CCR3(10.26±2.25~5.81±0.97 P<0.05) and CCR7 (9.56± 1.84~5.18±0.60 P<0.05)were downregulated significantly. MDCs in the study group showed enhanced migratory response to inflammatory chemokine CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7 and CXCL12 (P<0.05). (2)The endocytosis capacity in the study group was significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.05). Conclusion IMPDHI enhances the endocytotic capacity of MDCs and impairs the migratory response of peripheral MDCs to lymphocytic tissue by up-regulating the expression of chemokine receptor in MDCs and enhancing migratory response to inflammatory chemokines.

Key words:
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor;  Chemokine;  Migration; Endocytosis


The male reproductive cycle of Cnemidophorus gularis and Cophosaurus texanus was investigated by gross and histological examination of the testes. Both species emerge from hibernation with relatively small testes which rapidly increase in size to a maximum occurring in May followed by gradual gonadal regression until September. This season of testicular activity closely parallels the season of ovarian productivity reported for females. The specific time as well as length of the testicular activity period are suggested to be important evolutionary indicators of reproductive effort in male lizards.


About the Series ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 Part 1. Borderlands as Site of Struggle Toward a Planetary Civil Society / Rosa Linda Fregoso 35 A Glass Half Empty: Latina Reproduction and Public Discourse / Leo R. Chavez 67 Illegal Status and Social Citizenship: Thoughts on Mexican Immigrants in a Postnational World / Adelaida R. Del Castillo 92 "Looking Like a Lesbian": The Organization of Sexual Monitoring at the United States-Mexican Border / Eithne Luibheid 106 The Value of Immigrant Life / Jonathan Xavier India 134 Part 2. The Topography of Violence Manufacturing Sexual Subjects: "Harassment," Desire, and Discipline on a Maquiladora Shopfloor / Leslie Salzinger 161 The Dialectics of Still Life: Murder, Women, and Maquiladoras / Melissa W. Wright 184 Rape as a Weapon of War: Militarized Rape at the US-Mexico Border / Sylvanna M. Falcon 203 "Nunca he dejada de tener terror": Sexual Violence in the Lives of Mexican Immigrant Women / Gloria Gonzalez-Lopez 224 Part 3. Flexible Accumulation and Resistance Changing Constructions of Sexuality and Risk: Migrant Mexican Women Farmworkers in California / Xochitl Castaneda and Patricia Zavella 249 Space, Gender, and Work: Home-Based Workers in Mexico / Faranak Miraftab 269 Mexican Immigrant Women and the New Domestic Labor / Maria de la Luz Ibarra 286 "Aqui estamos y no nos vamos" Justice for Janitors in Los Angeles and New Citizenship Claims / Cynthia Cranford 306 Part 4. Family Formations and Transnational Social Networks Transborder Families and Gendered Trajectories of Migration and Work / Norma Ojeda de la Pena 327 Women, Migration, and Household Survival Strategies: Mixtec Women in Tijuana / Laura Velasco Ortiz 341 Single-Parent Families: Choice or Constraint? The Formation of Female-Headed Households in Mexican Shanty Towns / Sylvia Chant 360 Working at Motherhood: Chicana and Mexican Immigrant Mothers and Employment / Denise A. Segura 368 "I'm Here, but I'm There": The Meanings of Latina Transnational Motherhood / Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo and Ernestine Avila 388 Part 5. Transculturation and Identity in Daily Life Reproduction of Gender Relations in the Mexican Migrant Community of New Rochelle, New York / Victoria Malkan 415 "En el norte la mujer manda": Gender, Generation, and Geography in a Mexican Transnational Community / Jennifer S. Hirsch 438 Unruly Passions: Poetics, Performance, and Gender in the Ranchera Song / Olga Najera-Ramirez 456 Becoming Selena, Becoming Latina / Deborah Paredez 477 Cyberbrides and Global Imaginaries: Mexican Women's Turn from the National to the Foreign / Felicity Schaeffer-Grabiel 503 Bibliography 521 Contributors 585 Index 587


10 maize combinations were configurated with 4 maize inbred lines.The yields of maize comparisons were compared.The results indicated that there was no obvious difference among different ear of maize orthogonal F1,different ear of good orthogonal F1 output and back-cross hybrid yield had no significant difference.


In early 2008 forest ecosystems in subtropical China were subjected to catastrophic heavy snow and freezing rain. The damage index and mechanical damage tolerance of common evergreen species (Cryptomeria fortunei,Schima superba,Pseudolarix kaempferi,Machilus thunbergii,and Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia) in eight plantations of the Tiantong Region,Zhejiang Province,were determined and then compared with and correlated to tree traits (leaf area,specific leaf area,leaf dry matter content,twig dry matter content,twig density,and trunk density). Results showed that:1) the damage index was highest in Cr. fortunei(0.54),intermediate in S. superba (0.45),and lowest in P. kaempferi with damage severity for S. superba and M. thunbergii seedlings higher in monoculture forests than in mixed forests. Also,2) for mechanical damage tolerance,leaf area and specific leaf area were:S. superba M. thunbergii Cy. myrsinaefolia,but twig dry matter content and twig density were:Cy. myrsinaefoliaM. thunbergiiS. superba. Finally,3) the damage index was positively and significantly correlated with leaf area (r = 0.95,P0.001) and specific leaf area (r = 0.86,P0.01) but negatively and significantly correlated with twig dry matter content (r = 0.73,P0.05) and twig density(r = 0.97,P0.001). Thus,for evergreen trees in this area,there should be a ecological linkage between tree characteristics and the mechanical damage index.


The University of North Texas (UNT) Libraries are funded almost entirely by undergraduate student use fees. As the undergraduate enrollment has plateaued in recent years, the libraries have not been able to keep up with rising costs, resulting in a series of cuts to the materials budget totaling around $3.25 million. While some of these cuts took the form of reductions in firm orders and dissolution of approval plans, for the past three years the bulk has come from cancellations of serials and electronic resources. With each year's cuts, the UNT Collection Development department has been forced to modify and refine their deselection process. This article will show the development of UNT's strategy for determining cancellations using a variety of methods (overlap analysis, usage statistics, faculty input) and tools (EBSCO Usage Consolidation, Serials Solutions 360).


AbstractStudent attitude toward classroom observation experience in an educational psychology course were explored as a function of whether observations were made in person, by closed circuit television, or kinescope recordings. Two hundred fifty-seven college juniors were randomly grouped to observe the same classroom demonstrations by different means or to receive a control lecture.At the conclusion of the course mean subject ratings of the special observation (or lecture) experience were significantly different for the four treatment groups. Highest ratings were given by students who observed In person, next highest were given by "live" television observers, next highest by kinescope observers, and lowest by those who received the control lecture. No significant differences were observed between groups on ratings of the course of which the observations were a part.


This paper describes the possibilities to use non-linear econometric models in economic analyses. Using this type of models can complete the analyses made with the help of linear model, generating added value for information achieved by applying econometric models.


Prof. Fowler expressed regret at the absence of Messrs Babcock, Burns, Kayser and Nagaoka. In opening the discussion on sources of the primary standard, Prof. Fowler presented the following extracts from a communication which had been forwarded by Mr Babcock: "The preliminary specifications adopted by the I.A.U. in 1925 are a simplified description of the Michelson lamp, naming the conditions which were at that time considered necessary and sufficient by Prof. Fabry himself. Even by implication they do not suggest a substitute for the original lamp. It goes without saying that a vacuum tube provided with internal electrodes is not intended for use with high frequency, but rather with the customary well-known type of excitation. In any case, before amending our specifications so as to prohibit high frequency excitation, at least three laboratories should agree that this is necessary."


α,α-Difluorodiaroylmethane can be used as a nucleophilic difluoromethylation reagent for generating αthioaryl-α,α-difluoroacetophenones (ArCOCF2SAr) and difluoromethylthiolated arenes (ArSCF2H) under transitionmetal-free conditions. The reaction selectivity is mainly dependent on temperature. The method has also been extended to the synthesis of α-thioaryl-α-monofluoroacetophenones using α-monofluorodibenzoylmethane. Moreover, the benzoyl cation derived from α,α-difluorodibenzoylmethane can react with nucleophiles to afford the desired products in a one-pot process. R the selective introduction of a difluoro(arylthio)methyl group (ArSCF2) into organic molecules has been found to be attractive, since compounds containing such a moiety have potential biological applications, such as antiHIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors and agrochemical intermediates. Moreover, the concurrence of the ArSCF2 group and carbonyl group is especially beneficial because the carbonyl group is of great importance in organic chemistry and can be transformed into versatile functional groups. Several reports have mentioned the synthesis of this kind of compounds. SRN1 reactions between arylthiolates and halodifluoromethyl compounds or halogen exchange reactions with the gem-α,α-dichloroalkylsulfenyl carbonyl compounds have been applied to construct these compounds. Prakash's group has developed the TMSCF2SPh as a nucleophilic (phenylthio)difluoro-methylating reagent to introduce ArSCF2 moieties to ketones. 3 However, these strategies suffer from limitations, such as harsh reaction conditions, use of toxic or hazardous reagents, and limited substrate scopes. Meanwhile, spurred by the work of Colby's group, which used 1 to generate an α,αdifluoroenolate intermediate for aldol reactions, we find that the stable and easy-to-handle α,α-difluorodiaroylmethane 2 prepared from diaroylmethane and Selecfluor in water can also generate the same intermediate under basic conditions. Therefore, we envision that the ArCOCF2SAr would be prepared by the treatment of α,α-difluorodibenzoylmethane with diaryl disulfides or aryl thiols (Figure 1). Along this line, we disclose a mild approach for the generation of ArCOCF2SAr with harmless and safe α,α-difluorodiaroylmethane. On the other hand, α-thioaryl-α, α-difluoroacetophenones (ArCOCF2SAr) have great potential to be transformed into difluoromethylthiolated arenes (ArSCF2H) via the Haller− Bauer reactions. ArSCF2H is of particular interest, since the CF2H moiety not only can act as a hydrogen donor through hydrogen bonding but also can be isosteric and isopolar to a carbinol (CH2OH) unit, 7 which may result in pronounced biological as well as physical and chemical effects. Methodologies for electrophilic (and, to a lesser extent, radical) difluoromethylation of aryl thiolates have been studied comprehensively, but there is only one example, developed by Goossen using nucleophilic difluoromethylating reagents, in which stoichiometric copper is required. Thus, the further exploration of transition-metal-free methods for the synthesis of ArSCF2H using nucleophilic CF2H sources is still desirable. Herein, we have disclosed the first example of a one-pot formation of ArSCF2H using α,α-difluorodibenzoylmethane as a nucleophilic CF2H source via a base-induced C−C cleavage reaction under transition-metal-free conditions (Figure 1). Initially, we started the investigation by selecting the reaction of α,α-difluorodibenzoylmethane 2a with di-p-tolyl disulfide 3a as the model reaction. During the screening of reaction conditions (Table S1, Supporting Information), we found both 2,2-difluoro-1-phenyl-2-(p-tolylthio)ethanone 4a and (difluoromethyl)(p-tolyl)sulfane 5a could be afforded with high selectivity by controlling the temperature. With the optimized conditions in hand, a series of diaryl disulfides were applied to establish the scope and generality of this protocol (Scheme 1). Received: December 24, 2015 Published: January 12, 2016 Figure 1. Strategies for the preparation of ArCOCF2SAr and ArSCF2H. Letter pubs.acs.org/OrgLett © 2016 American Chemical Society 592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03654 Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 592−595 Most diaryl disulfides which have electron-donating and -withdrawing groups could react with 2a to give the corresponding adducts in moderate to excellent yields (4a− 4h). However, the diaryl disulfides bearing a nitro group showed low activities in this reaction due to its strong electronwithdrawing ability (4i−4k). To further improve the poor yields of 4i−4k, the reactions were performed in waterinsoluble solvent, in which the hydrolysis of 3i−3k might be inhibited even under heating conditions. Not surprisingly, the moderate yields of 4i−4k were provided in toluene under reflux conditions. Diheteroaryl disulfides were also applied in the reaction successfully with satisfactory results (4l, 4m). It was worth noting that only 1.0 equiv of Cs2CO3 was required when 2,2′-dithiodipyridine was treated with 1a for the basic nature of pyridine (4l). An intramolecular cyclocondensation was derived from the treatment of 2,2′-diaminodiphenyl disulfide with 1a through the subsequent Schiff base reaction to provide a cycloproduct (4n). In addition, the 1,2-diphenyldiselane could also provide the desired product under identical conditions (4o). The corresponding thiols instead of disulfides were also applied in the reaction with satisfactory yields (4a, 4b, 4d, 4h). However, the dialkyl disulfides failed to undergo this reaction. In order to study the scope of 2, we used aryl substituted α,α-difluorodiaroylmethane to react with 3a, affording the desired products in good yields as well (4p−4u). Likewise, we used the optimized reaction conditions to explore the substrate scope of this new strategy for the preparation of difluoromethylthiolated arenes (Scheme 2). Both electron-rich and -deficient diaryl disulfides provided the corresponding products in good to excellent yields (5a−5l). This reaction was also applicable to heteroarene disulfides (5m, 5n) and diphenyldiselenide (5o). However, no reaction took place using a disulfide containing a nitro group in the 2 or 4 position of the benzene ring, so another useful strategy was explored to prepare 5i and 5j through one-pot, two-step reactions (method B). In some cases, the resulting difluoromethylthiolated arenes are volatile (5a−5c, 5m, 5o), which are only characterized by F NMR spectroscopy and MS. The use of thiols in place of disulfides proved to be also feasible in the transformation (5g, 5k, 5l, 5n). Remarkably, a disubstituted product 5p was formed when (2-mercaptophenyl)methanol was employed, indicating the oxo(phenyl)methylium might be also utilized by adding a nucleophile. Furthermore, the versatile synthetic utility of the difluoromethylarylsulfanes was studied (Scheme 3). We prepared 6a by simple oxidation of 5h with m-chloroperbenzoic acid, which Scheme 1. Synthesis of 4 from 2 and 3 Isolated yields of 4. The corresponding thiols instead of disulfides were used. Reaction conditions: α,α-difluorodibenzoylmethane 2 0.250 mmol, diaryl disulfide 3 0.250 mmol, Cs2CO3 0.750 mmol, toluene 1 mL, 110 °C, 12 h, air. The amount of Cs2CO3 is 1.0 equiv. Scheme 2. Synthesis of 5 from 2a and 3, Method A: 2 0.250 mmol, 3 0.150 mmol, Cs2CO3 0.750 mmol, DMSO 1 mL, 80 °C, 12 h, air. Isolated yields of 5. The yield was determined by GC-MS, and only F NMR spectroscopy was available. The corresponding thiols instead of disulfides were used. No reaction. Method B: [step I] 2 0.250 mmol, 3 0.150 mmol, Cs2CO3 0.750 mmol, toluene 110 °C, 12 h, air; [step II] KOH 1.25 mmol, H2O 2.75 mmol, 100 °C, 7 h. Scheme 3. Transformations of Difluoromethylthiolated Arenes Organic Letters Letter DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03654 Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 592−595 593 proved to have strong herbicidal activities. The method for the synthesis of 6b and 6c was also found, and 6c was a crucial intermidiate for the formation of 6e which was a selective herbicide for rice. In addition, a selective oxidation of 5h was disclosed using selectfluor as the oxidizing reagent to generate 6d as the only product. α-Thioaryl-α-monofluoroketones, a potentially important block for a variety of biologically and synthetically interested SCF2H-containing compounds, 14 were generally prepared by the fluorination of sulfides under extremely strict conditions with special fluorination reagents. Delightedly, our developed protocol was also efficient for the construction of α-thioaryl-αmonofluoroketones with α-monofluorodibenzoyl-methane using DBU or DABCO as the base in toluene (Scheme 4). Nevertheless, the synthesis of 4 and 5 from 2 must undergo debenzoylation, which resulted in very poor atom economy since the reaction generated 1 or 2 equiv of an aromatic acid. Therefore, encouraged by the result of 5p, initial attempts were made to eliminate the issue (Table 1). The results indicated the benzoyl cation derived from 2a can react with different nucleophiles to afford the desired products 9 in a one-pot process with high yields. In most cases, no obvious influence was found on the yields of 4a or 5a using nucleophiles in the transformations. However, a slight lower yield of 4a was noted when morpholine was added in the reaction of 2a and 3a at 40 °C (entry 2). The method may be a potential route to utilize the aroyl cation which used to be a waste during the reaction. Meanwhile, the formation of corresponding acetophenone derivatives 9 in the reaction can demonstrate the existence of decarbonylation processes in the reaction. A small amount of water proves to be beneficial for the reaction (entries 4 vs 5), because water can promote the process of decarbonylation to form aromatic carboxylates (much higher polarity than products) under basic conditions, which can facilitate the workup procedure. To further probe the mechanism, several control experiments were designed and investigated (Scheme 5). Under the assum


The invention discloses a main road intersection entrance lane vehicle speed control method based on cooperative vehicle infrastructure. The method comprises the steps that by means of a roadside information acquisition and processing module, whether a vehicle passes a stop line or not is calculated according to the distance between the vehicle and a main road intersection, a current running speed and acceleration, and the roadside information acquisition and processing module feeds back a calculation result to a vehicle-mounted information acquisition and processing module and conduct operating recommendation. According to the main road intersection entrance lane vehicle speed control method based on the cooperative vehicle infrastructure, by combining the vehicle-mounted information acquisition and processing module, the roadside information acquisition and processing module, an information communication module, a vehicle speed control recommendation module and a front and back vehicle safe distance warning module, information interaction between vehicles and between the vehicles and roads is achieved, the remaining time of green lights at the intersection, vehicle position, vehicle running state and weather information are integrated, and therefore the running speed of the vehicle is controlled and prompted, and safety warning is conducted on the distance between the front vehicle and the back vehicle; the traffic operation efficiency of the intersection can be improved conveniently, traffic accidents and meaningless accelerations are reduced, it is guaranteed that the vehicles run safely, oil consumption is reduced, and the environment is protected.


The paper examines how the value of choice account is supposed to explain the significance of choice in the justification of moral principles and social institutions and policies, responding to some questions and objections raised by Serena Olsaretti.


I have a crazy love of things. I like pliers and scissors. I love cups, rings, and bowls— Not to speak, of course, of hats. I love all things not just the grandest, also the infinitely small. . . . Many things conspired to tell me the whole story. Not only did they touch me, Or my hand touched them: They were so close that they were a part of my being, They were so alive with me that they lived half my life and will die half my death.


Robust Ordinal Regression (ROR) is a way of dealing with Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA), by considering all sets of parameters of an assumed preference model, that are compatible with preference information given by the Decision Maker (DM). As a result of ROR, one gets necessary and possible preference relations in the set of alternatives, which hold for all compatible sets of parameters or for at least one compatible set of parameters, respectively. In this paper, we extend the MCDA methods based on ROR, by considering one important aspect of decision problems: imprecise evaluations. To deal with imprecise evaluations of some alternatives on particular criteria, we extend the set of considered variables to define necessary and possible preference relations taking into account this imprecision. In consequence, the concepts of necessary and possible preference represent not only all compatible sets of parameters, but also all possible values of the imprecise evaluations of alternatives.


To assess effectiveness of anatomic ablation of ganglionar plexuses of the left atrium in patients with atrial fibrillation as opposed to the traditional procedure by C. Pappone, the analysis of case history of 192 patients.


A broadband metasurface invisibility cloak for the microwave band is proposed, which consists of multiple layers of metasurfaces. The cloak enables stealth at 8-12 GHz, respectively. The unit-cell of the cloak has a reflected phase coverage of 360 degrees and linear phase curve characteristics. In addition, the cloak has a low profile, low loss, and is easy to manufacture.


Background: The increase in demand for blood products because of new surgical and medical procedures seeks more research to find new ways to recruit people to donate blood.


The present invention is to provide a convenient process for preparing a 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone to the direct one-step reaction from industrially available alkylene carbonate, N- alkyl amine, or a 1,2-diol According to this method, it is possible to minimize the less solid form, and by-products in a high yield be easily produced on an industrial scale. The method reactant and / or a metal at least a region in contact with a portion of the product consisting of a titanium or zirconium and / or an oxide thereof or inorganic alkyl in the reactor from a glass alkylene carbonate, N- alkyl amine or 1,2-diol with a mono-alkyl amines and carbon dioxide, an alkyl carbamate an alkyl amine salt and / or 1,3-dialkyl urea, characterized in that is reacted by heating at more than 50 ℃.


In life cycle assessments and energy analyses of palm oil biofuel, the choice of energy use indicators has been found to be arbitrary, poorly motivated and poorly described. This paper discusses the system boundaries represented by different energy use indicators and their appropriateness in terms of different environmental concerns. The paper also discusses the need of different energy use information for different actors in the product life cycle and the resulting need to tailor-make assessments and presentations of assessment results to different audiences.


Allozyme and mitochondrial DNA variation was surveyed in Acanthopagrus butcheri to examine the pattern of gene flow among estuaries in south‐east Australia. Allozymes distinguished two peripheral estuaries from the remaining six, although the pattern of genetic variation could owe more to selection than reproductive isolation, and overall structure was small (θ = 0·012). In contrast, mitochondrial DNA revealed a high degree of genetic structure (θ = 0·263), and a significant relationship with geographic isolation. Consequently, contemporary gene flow mostly between adjacent estuaries, consistent with a one‐dimensional stepping stone model, is evident in south‐east Australia. The data indicate that management of A. butcheri within the study range should be conducted at the scale of individual or geographically proximate estuaries.


Studies on intensity distribution in the spectra of many diatomic molecules which are of interest in astrophysics, combustion physics and allied subjects are important for an understanding of the physicochemical conditions of the emitting sources. However, only the peak intensity data are available for the band system (B1 . X I E +) of PbO (Dube et al 1970). The integrated intensities are preferred for intensity study of the molecular spectra as these represent the total as well as true intensity of the bands (Rajamanickam 1985). In the present study, the relative integrated intensities of a few bands of the B1 ~X1E + system of PbO have been measured by the technique of heterochromatic photographic photometry and interpreted using the computed Franck-Condon factors and r-centroids to arrive at the effective vibrational temperature of the source. The procedure adopted in the present study for the measurement of integrated intensities and its interpretation have been discussed in detail elsewhere (Bagare and Sreedhara Murthy 1982; Rajamanickam 1985, 1987, 1988).


Lamongan Regency is a regency in East Java province that has promising potential in tourism and agriculture. The more dominant potential in Lamongan Regency is from pond farming, but in Lamongan Regency does not yet have a brand identity for this potential. One way to introduce the potential in Lamongan Regency is by doing city branding. In designing this research using quantitative and qualitative research methods, the researcher obtained data using a questionnaire for the audience and conducted a documentation study and direct observation in the field. The purpose of this design is to improve and introduce a new image of Lamongan Regency so that the community can understand the potential that exists in Lamongan Regency. Key Words: Branding, Tourism, Lamongan Bahari, Identity


Electronic skin (e‐skin), which mimics the tactile perception as human skin, is of interest to advance robotics, prosthetics, and human‐machine interactions (HMI). However, the construction of artificial e‐skin with the simulated function of morphology recognition and stimuli response remains challenging. Here, the design of a multifunctional and self‐powered e‐skin system based on the whisker‐like magnetized micro‐cilia array (MMCA) and the underneath flexible coils is reported. Owing to the excellent flexibility of the MMCA, the adaptive micro‐cilia bending can be produced according to the tactile inputs or surface morphologies. With built‐in magnetic moments, the MMCA deformation thus alters the magnetic flux distribution, which induces an electromotive force (voltage) in the coils for pressure detection and quantitative recognition of micro‐scaled 3D morphologies. It is shown that using the distinct voltage intensities and waveforms, the optimized e‐skin can be applied for real‐time healthcare monitoring, Braille identification, and reconstruction of relief information. By customizing the magnetic moment alignments in MMCA, one e‐skin device can further produce distinguishable signals to build up multi‐commands for efficient HMI, e.g., underwater Morse code communication. Along with temperature tolerance and environmental immunity, the e‐skin exhibits the potential to serve as an effective channel for intelligent 3D topology recognition and high‐capacity communications.


1. Weanling rats were given diets containing all the nutrients known to be required, with L-amino acids in place of protein. Dietary supplements were added isonitrogenously. 2. Torula yeast (50 g/kg diet) and dried brewers' yeast (50 g/kg) significantly improved the rats' growth rate. Part of this activity was attributed to the minerals present in the yeasts, zinc, iodine, iron, copper and manganese all being implicated. 3. Marmite (20 g/kg) and a basic fraction (6.6 g/kg) obtained from it by cation-exchange chromatography significantly improved growth. The ash component of the basic fraction was inactive. 4. Growth was increased by an extra supplement of vitamins and by treating the rats with neomycin sulphate and tetracycline. The growth stimulus due to Marmite was additive with that due to the antibiotics, but not with that due to the vitamin supplement. 5. The growth rate with torula yeast (50 g/kg) was maintained at about 30% greater than on the basal diet during a test lasting 80 d. At the end of that period six control and five supplemented male rats sired normal litters. Post-mortem examination, including histology, of others showed no abnormalities due to factor G deficiency. 6. Fresh ox liver (100 g/kg diet) significantly improved the growth rate, but this improvement could be attributed to the effects of the water and minerals contained in the liver. 7. These results confirm the discovery by Schwarz, Smith & Oda (1966) that yeasts contain an organic growth-promoting factor (factor G) for rats receiving amino acid diets. Factor G is not likely to be one of the vitamin B group.


Distributed energy resources and energy-storage units are parallel connected through converters in a DC bus microgrid. Current sharing is a basic requirement for microgrid and many current sharing methods are proposed. Distinct from those methods like the average current method, centralized method and master-slave method, the droop control method does not need any interconnections between the converters and has been widely adapted. However, in the traditional droop control, the system deals with the tradeoff between voltage regulation and current sharing, and it results in the voltage drop in case of good current sharing. In this paper, in order to improve the system performance, we propose a novel droop control method, such that the system adaptively updates the output voltage set-point for each of converters. As demonstrated with simulations, the proposed method greatly improves the output voltage regulation without significant compromise of current sharing performance.


Perceived as a symbol of the world and experienced as a powerful frame that shapes the cognitive process, architecture is intimately related to identity. It embodies a narrative that can be appropriated and turned into a 'reflective' discourse. Identity represents a key concept of the modern era, and its appraisal results from changing perception of space and time. These changes engendered a loss of references and, hence, a need for identity. Pictured as immutable, identity is in reality a subjective, evolving concept, defined by the process of identification. The latter appears as a more relevant category, producing various responses and thus explaining the multifaceted aspect of the images of identity. Constructed under the direct guidance of power and culture, the images of identity are forged through the intimate collaboration of ideology and aesthetics. Conceptually, the primary referents of identification are subsumed by space and time. Yet these two also constitute the fundamental coordinates of architecture. Hence architecture appears as a privileged medium of expression, representing both an instrument and a vehicle that conveys identity. Time brings a perspectival understanding of tradition, and thereby transforms history into a major referent. Space exalts the values of appropriateness and adequacy to the site, perceived as a matrix shaping the characteristics of its inhabitants and of their artefacts, as well. In architectural terms, the concept of time catalysed the creation of historicisms and various 'national styles', while the concept of space favoured all forms of regionalisms and 'localisms'.


Glass-ceramics are widely utilized in the electronics industry to provide electrical insulation and to form leak tight joints with a range of metals. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the glass-ceramic can be controlled by the extent of crystallization to reduce detrimental tensile stresses in the joint. In recent years there has been interest in using titanium alloys, in place of stainless steels, due to their lower density and superior specific strength. In this study, the heat treatment of a strontium boroaluminate glass has been tailored to create glass-ceramics with mean CTEs ranging from 5.7 ± 0.1 × 10-6 K-1 to 9.7 ± 0.1 × 10-6 K-1 over the temperature range 303 K to 693 K. The resultant glass-ceramic consists of three crystalline phases and residual glass. A glass-ceramic with a mean CTE of 6.9 ± 0.1 × 10-6 K-1 was subsequently fabricated to form a compression seal with a Ti-6Al-4V housing and a pre-oxidized Kovar pin. Single pin assemblies were shown to be reproducible in terms of microstructure and all passed a standard helium leak test, indicating that a successful seal had been produced.


Objective: To investigate the gender differences in perceived stress and mental health in medical students of Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: The current study was cross-sectional in nature conducted at two private medical colleges in Lahore. Data was collected using stratified random sampling. Sample size was 300 (150 males & 150 females) students selected from all five years of two medical colleges. For assessment purpose Demographic form, Perceived Stress Scale for Medical Students (PSSMS) for stress assessment and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) for mental health evaluation were used. Results: For statistical analysis descriptive statistics was used for demographics details and from inferential statistics t-test was used for a clear picture of gender differences in perceived stress and mental health issues. Results revealed that in PSSMS scale only one subscale of burnout showed significant differences (p=.001) which revealed that males were more burnout than females. Significant gender differences were found for DASS Total (p=.007), and its subscale of Stress (p=.000), and Depression (p=.004). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that females demonstrate high level of stress, depression and on the whole more mental health issues than their male counterparts. On the other hand in Perceived Stress Scale for Medical Students (PSSMS) there were no significant differences in dimensions of social stressors, academic stressors and mistrust. Burnout was only one dimension in which male showed high burnout than female students. Gender appeared to influence the mental health of students.


The requirements shown to GASTURBINE to engines of land application and a problem which arise at use as fuel of passing gases and топлив, coals received by gasification are analysed. It is shown that a vital issue at use of passing gases is possibility of formation of a condensate of hydrocarbonic gases at increase of pressure of air behind the compressor and in channels of giving of fuel. Creation of systems of use of alternative kinds of fuel by association of means and other resources of the enterprises of customers of such systems and the enterprises of manufacturers land ГТД can be a comprehensible variant of the decision of such problem.


In contrast to the early-warning system literature, we find that currency and debt crises are not closely linked in emerging markets. We find that after 1994, credit ratings predict debt crises but fail to anticipate currency crises. When debt crises are defined as sovereign distress - when spreads are higher than 1,000 basis points - we find that countries experience reduced capital market access and high interest rates on their external debt for typically more than two quarters. We also find that lagged ratings and ratings changes, including negative outlooks and credit watches, anticipate such debt crises.


Successful chickpea production in western Canada typically requires multiple applications of fungicides to minimize the severity of ascochyta blight (AB) caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. Although planting resistant cultivars could be economical and environmentally safer than fungicide use, varieties with a high level of resistance are not available. The objective of this research was to identify potentially useful parents for breeding programs aimed at the northern Great Plains by assessing the AB reaction of 12 desi and 12 kabuli chickpea varieties for their AB reaction on leaves, stems and pods under two fungicide regimes. The experiment was conducted at Swift Current and Shaunavon, Saskatchewan, in 2004 and 2005. Differences in AB severity on leaves, stems and pods, seed yield and 1000-seed weight occurred among varieties at all site-years tested. The variation was greater among kabuli varieties than desi varieties. Ascochyta blight severity was generally lower under the high fungicide regime. A...


In HL-2A tokamak, a program to get the data from the vacuum meter has been developed in 2003. The program is used to read and record the data of the neutral gas pressure during the experiment. So how to communicate between a local computer and the vacuum meter via serial-port communication is introduced in this paper. The architecture of the system is shown in Fig. 1.


It is assumed across much of the continent that it is poverty that forces poor people to migrate, rather than migration been a potential route of poverty. The poor are generally seen as those worst affected by conflict-induced migration itself a prominent feature in Africa. It is a topical issue across Africa. Indeed migration both within countries and across borders can be seen as integral part of labour markets and livelihoods across much of the continent for at least the last century. The paper looks at the effect of migration on the continent. Migration has taken a number of different forms. It has cut across class and skill boundaries exist in widely different geographical and demographic contexts. The paper examines the role of the African Union on its policy formulation of migration in Africa. The source of data for the paper will be essentially secondary involving books, journals; articles on the subject matter under review. Data sourced will be qualitatively analyzed using the descriptive method of data analysis and qualitative reporting, in order to achieve the objective of the article.


The historical and social-political context of social justice concepts development in Russia is presented. It is substantiated that in the frames of the philosophical and ontological approach justice is considered as the supreme truth.


Recent metric learning approaches parametrize semantic similarity measures through the use of an encoder trained along with a similarity model, which operates over pairs of representations. We extend such a setting and enable its use in tasks including multi-class classification in order to tackle known issues observed in standard classifiers such as their lack of robustness to out-of-distribution data. We do so by further learning a set of class prototypes, each one representing a particular class. Training is carried out so that each encoded example is pushed towards the prototype corresponding to its class, and test instances are assigned to the class corresponding to the prototype they are closest to. We thus provide empirical evidence showing the proposed setting is able to match object recognition performance of standard classifiers on common benchmarks, while presenting much improved robustness to adversarial examples and distribution shifts. We further show such a model is effective for tasks other than classification, including those requiring pairwise comparisons such as verification and retrieval. Finally, we discuss a simple scheme for few-shot learning of new classes where only the set of prototypes needs to be updated, yielding competitive performance.


'Multiple intelligence theory' and 'constructivist theory' are two important theoretical foundations for students in their career. With the current big data and cloud computing technology, the quantum analysis was introduced into the students' career ability development level evaluation system to construct, analyse, evaluate and mine the vocational ability multi-dimensional index. On one hand, the students can enhance their own enthusiasm of self-awareness, self-learning, self-growth, and on the other hand, it is possible to integrate all aspects of social resources to participate teaching reform and construction in institutes and cultivate more social applicable personnel. The implementation of the evaluation system can further promote collaboration and development between institute and society, foster professional core competitiveness in institutes and colleges and achieve sustainable and healthy development of student vocational education.


Electrodes modified by thiol molecules with conjugated heterocycles can lead to improved activities in electroanalysis and electrodeposition. However, the intricate interactions among thiol molecul...


Introductory remarks.- I. General theory.- Qualitative analysis in the few-body problem.- A classification of motion types in the general three-body problem.- Periodic orbits and stability.- The effect of perturbing potentials on Hill's stable range in restricted three-body problem.- Fractal dimensions and integrability of Hamiltonian systems: a discretization method.- Non-integrability of three body problems with homogeneous potential.- On the existence of some configurations of relative equilibrium in the N-body problem.- Rotational motion of a rigid body in an orbit of the three body problem.- Possibility of exchange of a rectilinear three-body system with zero energy.- Escape in the three-body problem with two degrees of freedom - Rectilinear case and isosceles case -.- On a restricted five-body problem: An analysis with Computer Algebra.- A perturbative method for problems with two critical arguments.- Generalized Hamilton's principle and its application.- Round table discussion on chaotic motions.- II. Solar system.- Asteroid families.- On the origin of 5/2 Kirkwood gap.- A possible source for highly inclined Apollo-Armor asteroids: the secular resonance ?16.- The 2/1 Jovian resonance in the elliptic problem.- Asteroids in the 1:3:2 commensurability.- The problem of evolution on orbital resonance.- Stability of the planetary triangular Lagrangian points.- Long-term orbital evolution studies of Aten-Apollo-Amor objects.- Long-term dynamics of the outer solar system Review of LONGSTOP project.- Secular variations of the semimajor axes of the planets.- Higher-order numerical secular planetary theory.- Numerical simulations of ring dynamics.- Dynamics of coorbital satellite rings.- Orbital energy transfer in exactly commensurate satellites.- Capture of comets as temporary satellites of Jupiter.- Influence of close encounters on the determination of cometary orbits.- Passage of the Sun through an interstellar nebula and the Oort cloud comets.- Motion of satellites - the choice of reference frames.- III. Stellar systems.- The scattering problem.- Influence of a hyperbolic flyby of a small mass on the orbital evolution of a massive binary.- Numerical investigation of the orbital evolution of a massive binary in the field of small masses.- Energy exchange in a parabolic three-body encounter.- The stellar problem of three bodies and applications.- The triple-escape function behaviour for small energy systems.- Dynamical evolution of double and triple subsystems in the N-body systems.- Multiple stars in the solar neighbourhood.- On the effects of unequal masses in the statistics of three- and four-body interactions.- Escapes from stellar systems.- The force distribution for close encounters.- Mass transferring binaries in hierarchical triples.- On some stability regions in the three-body problem.- Integration methods for small N-body systems.- A numerical experimenter's view of the few-body problem.- Relaxation in small N-body systems.- Long-term evolution of cores of globular clusters after core collapse.- IV. Multiple galaxies.- The merger time of interacting galaxies.- Orbital decay in non-spherical galaxies.- Cluster influences on the internal dynamics of a galaxy.- Tidal stripping and accretion in collapsing clusters of galaxies.- Close approaches and coalescence in the triple systems of gravitating masses.- Tidal interaction of small satellite galaxies with spiral primaries.- Inelastic collisions in models of disk galaxies.- Influence of gas motion on star formation in the central region of a disk galaxy.- Numerical simulations of massive ejections from galactic nuclei.- Formation of bridges and tails in interacting galaxies.- Bar formation in interacting galaxies.- The polar ring galaxy NGC 4650A.- A computational method for galaxy interactions.- Some aspects of chaotic behavior in the Solar System.- Index of names.- Index of subjects.


While a proven tool for other fields, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have not been widely employed in evaluation projects in the energy field. Nonetheless, this software enables spatial visualization of large quantities of data. Data is translated into a map and primarily shown by areas or points which represent densities. This paper discusses four applications of the GIS software using examples from Summit Blue projects. The use of GIS in the Arizona Public Service (APS) CFL buydown program evaluation estimated a more precise leakage rate for utility conservation and energy efficiency programs. An example from New York State Energy Research and Development Agency (NYSERDA) demonstrates gap analysis and shows areas of high and low program penetration compared to LEED projects. In the Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP), GIS enabled precise pinpointing of potential markets. The use of the GIS software in the Flex Your Power Rural (FYPR) campaign evaluation provided outreach opportunities for future program design. GIS is an important tool that can streamline the evaluation process, provide a method to sift through mounds of data efficiently and effectively, and present program effectiveness to regulators and management.


Experiments show that the times required to cross the barrier for the folding and unfolding of different nucleic acids are consistently about a few microseconds, despite many orders of magnitude differences in rate coefficients.


A recent report casts doubt on the safety of oral antidiabetic drugs in pregnancy by suggesting that chlorpropamide (Diabinese - Pfizer), in high doses is associated with a high perinatal mortality (Brit. med. J. 1963, 1, 59). Out of 19 diabetic mothers who received 500 mg of the drug daily, 14 (74%) had perinatal loss. It is not clear whether this is due to inadequate diabetic control or to some direct effect of the chlorpropamide. Confirmation of these results is desirable and more information about the effects of other antidiabetic sulphonylurea derivatives in pregnancy (for example, tolbutamide) is also needed. There is little evidence that oral antidiabetic drugs induce congenital abnormalities in the human foetus, although cases have been reported (Lancet 1960, 2, 1424; 1961, 1, 891). The British manufacturers of oral antidiabetic drugs warn against their use in pregnancy.


Analysis provided for fixed priority pre-emptive scheduling enables a priori guarantees to be given regarding the timing requirements of critical tasks. By comparison, Best-Effort scheduling maximises system utility, but at best provides only probabilistic guarantees that time constraints will be met. In this paper, we show how these two schemes can be integrated. A new Adaptive Value-Density Threshold policy is introduced which approximates the Best-Effort policy but incurs much lower overheads. This policy is used to admit optional (utility enhancing) tasks for on-line acceptance testing. If guaranteed such components are assigned a fixed priority and executed when no higher priority tasks are runnable. This approach combines the benefits of guaranteeing hard requirements with increased system utility, resilience to software failures and increased application robustness.


Received I Febru ary 2002; revised 18 June 2002; accepted 5 Jul y 2002 \----, . ~ The ~ -ray satellite spectra aris ing due tr~ 2 p3 123 .1 -3x3da (.1= s, p, d) .transition array, in elements with Z = 40 to 48, have been calculated. Whil e the energies o f vari ous transitions of the array have been determi ned by usin g: ava il ab le Hartree-Fnck-Slater (bta'on G: 2/1 3.1 and 2/l'l2 3.\".3.\"' Auger transiti un energies and their relati ve intensiti e<; have been ' es timnted hy considering cross-sect ions of sin gly ioni zed 2.1 (x = s, p) states and then of subsequ ent ~ost er-Kronig and shake-nfT processes. The caiculnted spectra ha ve been compared with the measured satellite energies in Lo: spectra. Their intense peaks have been identifi ed as the observed satell ite lines. The one-to-one corres pondence between the peaks in ca lcu lated spectra and the satellites in meas ured spectra has been es tab li shed on the has is of the agreement between the separati ons in the peak energies and those in the measured satellite energies. It has been estab li shed that,_three satellites observed in the Lo: region of the X-ray s pectr~l of va ri ous elements and ~l amed 0:.1 , o:~ and O:s in order o f increas in g energy arc Ill ;linl y emitted by 2/).1113d 3d 2 j ra nsiti on.sIt is ~ .b se rved that .' the sate llit e 0:.1 in all these spectra can be assigned to th e supe r pos it io~1 1 or ' F4-JF4 transi tion and that, thi smust be most intense one out of all these satel li tes. con tributing in order or decreasi';g int ensi tyj The line O:~. has been assigned mainl y to the ' F, 'G~ and Jpo_Jp , transitions. Finall y, the satellite O:s. reported in the spectra of elemen ts wit h Z= 40-48. has been associated with the transitions JDJ-JF4, .1 D,_JF" ' p ,_ I D, and 'F" I D, . Th~ po~~ i 'b l e co ntri buti ons of other transition~ of the 2 P312 3x-3x3d (.r = s, p, d) array having nppreciab le intensit ies. have abooeen discussed.


Sixteen kinds of color affections for single colors were formulated as functions of the three values in the Munsell renotation system (Hue, Value and Chroma) with the least-square-method by using various data on the affective responses. The formulations of different color affections could be sufficiently realized in the expression of linear form, except for color preference whose expression becomes a quadratic form. The results of the formulations show the possibility of grouping into seven categories.


Objective: To develop a TLC bioautographic method to detect MAO inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicine.Method: After migration of the samples by proper solvent system,the TLC plate was sprayed with enzyme solution and incubated at 37℃ for 20 min,solutions of MTT and tyramine were mixed and sprayed onto the plate to give a blue background colouration after 60 min. A series of compounds,as substrates,were purchased and their ability to be oxidized by MAO was evaluated by HPLC method. Results: Enzyme inhibitors( iproniazid or extracts) were observed as white spots on the TLC plates. Iproniazid inhibited MAO was down to 0. 01 μg. Ethanol extracts of Liquidambar formosana after migration on TLC showed inhibitive activity. Tyramine( 2) was proved to be an appropriate substrate for TLC bioautographic assay. Conclusion: A TLC bioautographic method was developed for detecting the monoamine oxidase inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicine.


Efficient management of water is an object of concern for sustainable economic development. Thus, the decontamination of water becomes important, and the processes in the range of UV light Vis on the surface of semiconductors are reported as the most potential for comerciallization. Nanosized particles collaborate with high surface areas, however, lead to high costs of separation of the catalyst. A form of separate the nanoparticles is their association with magnetically activite phases such as Fe3O4 (magnetite). In this context, this work describes the synthesis of core-shell nanocomposites (TiO2 – coated ferrite) by the polymeric precursors method , with potential for using as catalyst in water decontamination. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by the dissolution of salts (FeSO4 and Fe2(SO4)3, Synth) in an aqueous solution of citric acid (JT Baker) to 40C, in molar proportion citric acid: metal equal to 3:1. After dissolution, the mixture was polymerized by the addition of ethylene glycol (Synth), with molar ratio citric acid: ethylene glycol equal to 1:2. The solutions were treated at 450C for 2 hours. The synthesis of nanoparticles of CoFe2O4 followed the same procedure, using salt as the precursor Co acetate cobalt (Co (CH3COO)2, Merck). Because of the greater stability of CoFe2O4 those nanoparticles where coated with TiO2 using the (Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4, Aldrich) as a precursor of the Ti, in mass ratios of 55,6:44,4; 38,5:61,5; 27,3:72,7 and 11,1:88,9 CoFe2O4:TiO2. The suspensions were treated to 450C for 2 hours. The figure 2 shows the change in relative concentration of atrazine over time, degradation catalyzed by nanocomposites, compared to pure TiO2.


This paper examines the association between managers' cash bonuses and discretionary accounting choices in a sample of German stock corporations from 2005 to 2007. We investigate managers' earnings management behavior with respect to their bonus compensation and the independence of outside directors and auditors in mitigating potential bonus-increasing accounting choices by managers. In line with prior research, auditor independence is proxied by the amount of non-audit service fees received, whereas outside director independence is captured by whether outside directors receive earnings-based bonuses. We find that positive discretionary accruals are more strongly associated with executive cash bonuses if the independence of outside directors or external auditors is impaired. Overall, our results suggest that the effectiveness of monitoring institutions depends on the monetary incentives in place.


This study aims to test the effect of conversion from traditional trading to electronic trading on trade volume, stock market value and liquidity    in Amman Bourse , and investigating the impact of the electronic trading on either transaction costs and operational efficiency,  it is also aims to investigate the ability of investors to earn abnormal return by converting from manual to electronic trading This study will use secondary data by gathering stock market prices before and after dealing with electronic trading.The behavior of stock market value and trade volume  are  studied on the basis of daily movements. On this paper an attempt was made to analyze the stock market value and trading volume of all shareholding companies listed in Amman bourse using monthly data because it is more stable and less volatile.The hypothesizes of this study were examined by  using parametric tests like paired sample t.test. it was found that there was an increase in either trading volume of stocks,   stock market value ,liquidity, operational efficiency, and decreasing in transaction costs    .This study can be a source of help to institutional investors and market makers to improve either way of building their portfolios  and to diversify it and improve their investment decisions. Keywords: trade volume, electronic trading, manual trading, abnormal return, operational efficiency. DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/10-18-08 Publication date :September 30 th 2019


With the continuous development of bridge transportation and long-span bridges in China, the coupling dynamic interaction between vehicles and bridges has become more and more complex, and has received more and more attention. This paper briefly summarizes the research on the influencing factors of bridge impact coefficient by domestic and foreign scholars, focusing on systematically sorting out and summarizing the three aspects of bridge structural parameters, vehicle parameters, and vehicle-bridge coupling, summarizing its main achievements, at the same time, it points out the differences and unsolved problems in the current research, and makes new discussions and prospects.


The beamformer,which based on eigenspace,is a class of important methods for robust beamforming.Under the case that the signal source number is known,the robustness of above beamformer can be achieved well.However,this method needs to keep the calculation of the eigenspace.When using the batch method,the robust beamformer is not good enough to match the snapshots,and in the case of large array elements,it needs great computing capability.Based on the principal component analysis theory,a neural network algorithm,which can calculate the eigenspace adaptively,is introduced and applied in the beamformer based on eigenspace.The WINC network has a faster convergence rate,so the array will have better robustness against the perturbation in steering vector.By simulation,it was proved that the provided algorithm has good performance.


PURPOSE To provide the practitioner with current information on the most common nail disorders. TARGET AUDIENCE This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in wound care and related disorders. OBJECTIVES After reading this article and taking this test, the reader should be able to: Describe the structures that compose the nail apparatus. Identify the most common nail disorders, including etiology and treatment.


The invention discloses Mg (OH)2 inorganic fire retardant material and a preparation method and application thereof. The Mg (OH)2 inorganic fire retardant material mainly comprises Mg (OH)2, and also, a surface treating agent, a modifying agent, a processing material and carrier resin; wherein, the weight ratio of the Mg (OH)2, the surface treating agent, the modifying agent, the processing material and the carrier resin is 60-80: 1-2: 5-10: 4-6: 10-20. The Mg (OH)2 inorganic fire retardant material has good dispersion on matrix resin of plastic products, therefore, the prepared plastic products not only have good fire retardant effect, but also have good mechanical strength.


Through this paper we propose to address some issues related to maritime transport of oil by large ships. As well known oil represents an important energy source for both production and consumption for the household. Its importance has generated military conflicts and also the "shock", though did not lead to loss of life deeply affected the world economy and ultimately the welfare of the inhabitants of the planet. The high asymmetry of the sources of supply to those of the consumer involves the transport of oil that although it may seem like a simple activity is complementary, in reality constituted a very active area involved in the marketing of transport services market recorded a transport offer rigid, and his reaction is one with a delayed effect, due to a relative period required large construction vessels. In this context we achieve a short-term forecast of the evolution of spot rates for VLCC vessels. The work is within the scope of Econometric research including fundamental works of Tinbergen and Koopmans. The methods used are both quantitative and quantitative methods. As required any software we chose one free econometric namely an approach. Among Gretl the interdisciplinary work we believe the theme addresses a varied group of theorists and practitioners imply in the interdisciplinary approach field and modern econometric analysis tools we consider that adds theoretical clarification.


The paper presents an overview of the main research activities undergoing on a hardly accessible mountainous site in Eastern Crete (Greece), the Mount Oxa, in the framework of the homonymous archaeological research project. Particular focus is given to the employment of digital technologies, their adaptation to complex contexts and how this technological adaptation affects and is affected by ad hoc methodological approach to peak sites.


Energy serves as an alternative index to response quantities like force or displacement to include the duration‐related seismic damage effect. A procedure to evaluate the absorbed energy in a multistorey frame from energy spectra was developed. For low‐ to medium‐rise frames, it required a static pushover analysis of the structure to determine the modal yield force and ductility factor of an equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom system for the first two modes. The energy spectra were then used to determine the energy contribution of each mode. A procedure was also developed to distribute the energy along the frame height based on energy shapes. This study showed that the second‐mode response in some cases needs to be considered to reflect the energy (or damage) concentration in the upper floors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


s 46:6970.) Dimock, A. W. 1951. Poinsettia trouble a result of root rot. New York State Flower Growers Bulletin 69:4-8. Hamond, Joyce B. 1935. The morphology, physiology and mode of parasitism of a .species of Chalaropsis infecting nursery walnut trees. Journal of Pomology and Horticultural Science 13:81-107. Johnson, James, and R. E. Hartman. 1919. Influence of soil environment on the root rot of tobacco. Journal of Agricultural Research 17:41-86. Johnson, E. M., and W. D. Valleau. 1935. Cultural variations of Thielaviopsis basicom la. Phytopathology 25:1011-1018. Keller, John R. 1954. Conditions influencing M Thielaviopsis root rot of poinsettias. Phyfl topadiology 44:389. (Abstract) * , and Howard S. Potter. 1954. Thielaviopsis associated with root rot of some ornamental plants. Plant Disease Re», porter 38:354-355. and James B. Shanks. 1955. Poinsettia root rot. Phytopathology 45:552558. King, C. J., and J. T. Presley. 1942. A root rot of cotton caused by Thielaviopsis balit sicola. Phytopathology 32:752-761. fl Klarman, W. L., and Jeweus Craig. 1960. Sterilization of agar media with propylene o.\ide. Phytopathology 50:868. Lamb, Howard, Ernest Wright, and Ross W. Davidson. 1935. A root rot of Chinese elms. Phytopatiiology 25:652-654. Leyendecker, Philip J., Jr. 1952. Root rot of cotton caused by Thielaviopsis basicola discovered in the upper Rio Grande valley of Texas. Plant Disease Reporter 36:53. Lloyd, A. B., and John L. Lockwood. 1961. Patliogenicity of Thielaviopsis basicola on peas. Plant Disease Reporter 45:422-424. , and 1962. Precautions in isolating Thielaviopsis basicola with carrot discs. Phytopathology 52:1314-1315. , and 1963. Effect of soil temperature, host variety, and fungus strain on Thielaviopsis root rot of peas. Phytopadiology 53:329-331. LoNGREE, Karla. 1940. chalaropsis thielavioides, cause of "black mold" of rose grafts. Phytopadiology 30:793-807. Lucas, G. B. 1955. The cardinal temperatures and pH response of Thiehviopsis basicola. Mycologia 47:793-798. Manning, W. J., F. J. Campbell, P. M. Papia, and P. A. Hughes. 1970. Effectiveness of benomyl soil drenches for control of Thielaviopsis root rot of poinsettia. Plant Disease Reporter 54:328-330. Milbrath, J. A. 1946. Black mold disease of Manetti robtstock. American Nurseryman 83(l):5-6. Miller, Patrick M. 1955. V-8 juice agar as a general-purpose medium for fungi and bacteria. Phytopathology 45:461—462. OsTAZESKi, Stanley A. 1966. Thielaviopsis basicola on greenliouse-grown birdsfoot trefoil {Lotus corniculatus) . Plant Disease Reporter 50:825-827. Papavizas, G. C, and P. B. Adams. 1969. (


KNOWLEDGE of the topographical. or inside-outside. arrangement of cell membrane components is essential to understanding the latter's function. In previous studies. we and others have investigated the arrangement of various components in the plasma membrane of synaptosomes (SMITH & LOH. 1 9 7 6 ~ ; WANG & MAHLER. 1976). Studies with various labelling reagents and with the proteolytic enzyme trypsin have indicated that the majority of the proteins and glycoproteins of this membrane, as well as most of the phosphatidylserine and much of the phosphatidylethanolamine. are on the outer surface of the synaptosome. accessible to the external medium. In the present report we have extended this approach to study the topographical arrangement of several specific enzymes in this membrane, by comparing their sensitivity to proteolytic digestion in intact synaptosomes and in isolated synaptosomal plasma membrane (SPM).


Abstract: We investigated the habitat use and movements of two turtle species to assess the importance of conserving multiple wetlands and the upland matrix in which they occur. Spotted turtles ( Clemmys guttata) and Blanding's turtles (  Emydoidea blandingii) are considered threatened and endangered, respectively, in Maine where they are near the northeastern periphery of their geographic range. We used resightings of marked individuals (69 spotted, 16 Blanding's) and radiotelemetry (13 spotted, 9 Blanding's, radiotagged for one or two seasons) to investigate the movements and habitat use of both species. Individuals of both species used multiple wetlands throughout the year, including permanent and seasonal pools, forested swamps, and wet meadows. Pools occupied by spotted and Blanding's turtles were small (<0.4 ha), and they were less isolated from other wetlands than pools that did not contain turtles. Both species used uplands extensively for nesting, dormancy, and traveling between wetlands. Turtles traveled 70–570 m (spotted) and 100–1620 m ( Blanding's) to nest, and nests were located 1–120 m (spotted) and 70–410 m ( Blanding's) from the nearest wetland. Spotted and Blanding's turtles entered relatively dormant stages for 15–89 and 3–21 consecutive days, respectively, and upland dormancy sites were 12–80 m (spotted) and 30–110 m ( Blanding's) from the nearest wetland. Total distance traveled overland throughout a season was 0–1680 m and 0–6760 m for radiotagged spotted and Blanding's turtles, respectively. Most spotted turtles followed a seasonal pattern of habitat use: pools for spring activity, upland forest for relative dormancy during part of the summer, and wet meadows or forested swamps for overwintering. A seasonal pattern in the habitat use of Blanding's turtles was not as evident. Our study suggests that protecting small wetlands, maintaining generous terrestrial buffers around individual wetlands, and conserving wetlands in groups are important components of a landscape approach to species conservation.


This paper looks at the effectiveness of R&D grants for Canadian plants that already benefit from R&D tax credits. Using a non-parametric matching estimator, we find that firms that benefited from both policy measures introduced more new products than their counterparts that only benefited from R&D tax incentives. They also made more world-first product innovations and were more successful in commercializing their innovations. * The research and analysis are based on data from Statistics Canada and the opinions expressed do not represent the views of Statistics Canada. The authors are solely responsible for the contents.


Literature on the structure of two-person conversations has consistently found that partners become more similar in mean duration of pauses and switching pauses over the course of interaction. Evidence on influence in vocalization duration is primarily negative. No direct evidence of interspeaker influence on a moment-to-moment basis is available. In this study 12 dyadic conversations are analyzed for interspeaker influence, with the use of time series regression procedures. Two versions of the data are presented: a probability summary including the probability of breaking mutual silences, continuing simultaneous talk, and continuing talking alone and a turn summary including vocalization, pause, and switching pause duration. Results show that (1) moment-to-moment influences are present in both versions of the data, (2) these influences differ from dyad to dyad, (3) the influences are both positive (matching) and negative (compensating), and (4) the magnitude of interspeaker influence on a temporal basis is small but detectable. In addition, there are overall tendencies to match in switching pause, probability of continued simultaneous speech, and probability of breaking mutual silences. Dyads show both compensation and matching on vocalization duration and pause-related variables. Implications of these data for past and future explanation of social interaction are explored.


Purpose To date, the relationship between footstrike pattern and performance, as well as with injury incidence in endurance running remains unclear. For these reasons, it is currently not recommended to modify footstrike pattern in an uninjured long-distance runner. The purpose of this study was to analyse whether athletic coaches apply these current scientific recommendations with their endurance runners on the field. Methods A Delphi method study was used to develop an online survey that was administered to French-speaking athletic coaches in Belgium. The survey comprised three sections: 1) coaches' profile, 2) coaches' perception of footstrike patterns, 3) practices pertaining to footstrike patterns. Results One hundred and fourteen respondents completed the entire questionnaire. Ninety-six (84%) athletic coaches reported modifying the footstrike pattern of their endurance runners. They reported that they modify their runners' rearfoot and forefoot strike more often than a midfoot strike (P < 0.0001) to prevent injury (83%) and to improve performance (66%). According to them, midfoot strike is considered as the best landing pattern for endurance performance (47%) and injury prevention (36%) whereas rearfoot strike is considered as the worst (respectively, 50% and 52%). Summary and conclusion This study highlights the disparities between scientific recommendations and athletic coaches' field practices for modifying footstrike patterns in endurance runners. Contrary to current scientific literature recommendations, a large proportion of coaches modify the natural footstrike pattern of their endurance runners towards a midfoot strike pattern to improve performance and prevent injury.


The best way to build a great historical library is to acquire the signif icant books when they are published. This is doubtless the chief reason why the older libraries remain the most valuable places for historical research, in spite of the heroic and expensive efforts of younger institu tions to make up for lost opportunities. Of course this is small comfort for the vast majority of libraries which did not exist when history was being made or did not have money or space to accumulate the printed paper which every literate society strews in its wake. Such institutions, of which the Iowa library is one, have no choice but to attempt so far as possible to acquire deliberately what they could not obtain earlier in the normal course of operations. To one who, like the writer, is a library user but not a librarian, it is always surprising to note how much easier it is to acquire currently published materials than works published, let us say, fifty years ago or more. A formidable array of services is available to assist the li brarian in selecting currently published materials, and he generally does as good a job as his resources permit. But for out-of-print books no such aids are available. Collectors whose hobby involves regular inspection of old book dealers' catalogues would undoubtedly be the first to admit that such lists are far from being scientific tools for historical research. Each library has its own peculiar weaknesses reflecting in part at least the interests and needs of the generations of scholars who have used it. No book dealer's catalogue can substitute for the identification of needed items and their individual acquisition if and whenever avail able. Even with unlimited resources this is an immensely laborious and time-consuming process.


Focusing on the social aspects of procedural justice (PJ), we examine the interaction between one's own and others' PJ perceptions in organizational teams. The results derived from 183 employees of 21 work teams indicate that one's own PJ perception is a positive predictor of helping and creative behavior only when others' PJ perception is low. The role of others' PJ as a moderator of the relationship between one's own PJ and helping behavior is stronger when a member's group identification is low than when it is high. This study reveals an intriguing social-comparison process involving PJ in organizations.


Objective To provide global and age-related incidence over 65 years of Parkinsonian syndromes (PS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and suspected dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Methods A 15-year prospective population-based elderly cohort study in South-Western France (PAQUID). Results Incidences found were: 557.7/100 000 person-years for PS, 263 per 100 000 person-years for PD and 112 per 100 000 person-years for suspected DLB. The incidence of all PS, PD and suspected DLB was greater in men. The age-specific incidence of PD decreased over 85, while that of DLB continuously increased, even in the oldest individuals. Conclusions The authors provide new data on PD and suspected DLB incidence in a large population-based French cohort of subjects aged over 65 and followed up for 15 years. PD incidence decreased in the oldest old contrary to that of suspected DLB cases and Alzheimer's disease.


With the rapid development of Chengdu's economy, the problem of air pollution has gradually drawn attention by scholars. Based on the time series data covers 2014 through 2019 of Chengdu, this research investigates the seasonal difference in air pollution and the possible influence of six pollutants on air pollution. The results indicated that there is a significant seasonal difference of air pollution in Chengdu and air pollutants are mainly fine particulate matter and ozone. Based on the findings, the government might consider achieve precise emission reductions for the pollution sources of PM2.5 and O3.