In this contribution, we apply a hierarchical fibre bundle model (HFBM), previously developed to estimate the mechanical properties of multiscale carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based structures, to the case of graphene macroscopic cables. The nonlinear elastic properties of graphene and its exceptional intrinsic strength, with mean Young's modulus of 1 TPa, third‐order elastic stiffness of −2.0 TPa and intrinsic strength of 130 GPa, are drawn from recent experimental studies. The model allows to derive macroscopic characteristics like strength, stiffness, toughness as a function of hierarchical structure, starting from statistically distributed properties at the nanoscale and without the introduction of additional ad hoc parameters. The influence of the presence of defects in the graphene bundles is evaluated. We also analyse the properties of graphene‐reinforced composites, including the influence of the volume fraction of a ductile polymeric matrix. We show that the composite properties can be engineered to optimize strength and/or stiffness, and that the present model can be a useful tool to help pursue this objective


OBJECTIVE
To study the effectiveness of selective termination for discordant twins in treating early onset preeclampsia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
After literature review, ethical review, and discussion with the couple, one patient with early onset preeclampsia complicated with a lethal condition in one twin, was performed selective termination by intracardiac injection of potassium chloride at 27 weeks' and four days' gestation in an effort to reverse preeclampsia and prolong the pregnancy.

RESULTS
The clinical manifestation of preeclampsia was alleviated in this patient. At 29 weeks, the stillborn fetus was delivered because of spontaneous preterm labor. A live birth was achieved five days later. All procedures allowed continuation of the pregnancy for an additional two weeks and one day of the remaining fetus.

CONCLUSION
Selective termination may be an option for treating early onset preeclampsia in discordant twins, instead of termination of whole pregnancy.


Crude cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen and purified CMV antigen were used in tests for complement-fixating (CF) antibodies in sera from 7 patients with CMV infection. CF antibodies to purified CMV appeared later than the other CF antibodies tested and parallel to neutralizing antibodies.


The object of this investigation was to compare the Charpy properties of a severely banded ferrite-pearlite structure with those of a random ferrite-pearlite distribution. Both types of specimens could be prepared from the same material by applying suitable homogenizing treatments to an initially banded steel. Some observations on the nature of the banding are described. The Charpy properties at the lower end of the testing-temperature range are not appreciably affected by the degree of ferrite banding, by the direction of the specimen axis, or by the orientation of the notch. However, in the higher temperature range, the random structure exhibits a higher energy absorption than does the banded structure and, in both cases, the Charpy values depend strongly on the orientation of both the specimen and the notch. Evidence was obtained to suggest that the fracture appearance is not sensitive to specimen orientation even in a severely banded steel, although notch orientation is a factor. No preferred crystallographic orientation of the ferrite was found in any of the specimens.


Mechanical properties of solder joints have influence on reliability of electronic products. Therefore the knowledge of the mechanical behavior of solder joints is very important. This article deals with comparison of mechanical properties of solder joints prepared with conventional soldering methods and ultrasonic soldering methods. Material for samples preparation was based on two PCB (material FR4) with soldering pads which were soldered together. As solder alloy was used Sn965Ag3Cu0.5 for convention soldering method and active soldering alloy for ultrasound soldering. The mechanical resistance, changes according to used surface finishes the highest share strength, have been achieved for solder joints which ware prepared by ultrasonic soldering on pads with copper surface finish, worst results were achieved for pads with ENIG and HASL surface finishes.


The internal audit profession is regarded by management as an important governance mechanism affecting the quality of financial reporting as well as the firm's performance. The internal audit function (IAF) is also conducted in a highly varied legal and cultural environment within the organization that also vary in structure, size, purpose, and complexity (Burnaby, Hass, & Abdolmohammadi, 2006; Sarens & Abstract


The late 1980s and early 1990s are described as a period of adjusting for the developing world, due to the widespread economic reforms. The advent of these reforms followed economic, political, and social problems, including, but not limited to, the inability to honor international financial obligations, adverse balance of payments, low productivity, and overall deteriorating living standards. In the words of Joseph Stiglitz, "crises in developing countries have occurred with alarming regularity; by one count are 124 between 1970 to 2007." Therefore, through what was later to be (un)popularly known as the Washington Consensus, structural adjustment programs (SAPs) were introduced. Through programs such as privatization, SAPs were intended to liberalize economies, promote exports, devalue currencies as well as reduce government expenditure. From the theoretical viewpoint, these programs, to say the least, looked perfect for problems that were becoming a longtime phenomenon in the developing world. Following the advent of these programs, developing countries have carried out reforms in various sectors. As noted earlier, throughout these reforms, the economic sphere has been the target, though, to some extent, political and social changes have also occurred. Altogether, these programs are under the supervision of the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). However, political and social adjustments, such as democracy, came in along the way. On the African content, adjustment programs seemed to work as planned, at least at the beginning of the programs, with numerous countries, such as Uganda, Ghana, Kenya, and Zambia, all have reported positive growth. This positivity prompted writers such as H. Veltmeyer, J. Petras, and S. Vieux to declare "a rapid increase in international capital flows, up from $40 billion in 1986 to $160 billion in 1993 and a massive increase of investments in the emerging markets developing countries." ii Additionally, to Alfred G. Nhema, the "tempo of privatization heightened in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 1990s with the total number of transactions rising from 200 in 1990 to 486 in 2002." iii All these were a manifestation of the pragmatic move in the right direction as projected by the World Bank and IMF, at least for the time being.


The goal of this study was to analyze the mental structures constructed by students based on the student's initial ability to construct proofs in the ACE learning. The design of this research was descriptive qualitative. The subjects were students who took Introduction to Algebraic Structure 1 course at Universit as Negeri Semarang. The data were collected by test and interview. The credibility of the data was carried out by the technical and source triangulation. Data analysis was data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results of this study were the mental structure construction of students with the low initial ability for the group was Action, the Schema of group has not been the matized and has not coherent, and the Schema of homomorphism has not been the matized, while the mental structure construction of students with the medium and high initial ability for the group was Object, the Schema of group has been the matized but has not coherent, and the Schema of homomorphism has been the matized.


OBJECTIVES
To detect whether there is an expression of human augmenter of liver regeneration (hALR) in HepG2 cells. To develop a kind of RNAi that specifically targets human augmenter of liver regeneration by synthesizing small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vivo, and to assess the inhibitory effect of this siRNA on hALR expression.

METHODS
The expression of hALR in HepG2 cells was observed with immunocytochemistry. The RNAi plasmid pSIALR-A and the unrelated control plasmid pSIALR-B were transfected into HepG2 cells. Forty-eight hours after transfection, the protein level of hALR was measured with immunocytochemistry; meanwhile, the reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of hALR mRNA.

RESULTS
hALR was expressed by HepG2 cells. siRNA plasmid pSIALR-A, which targets the cDNA of hALR and the unrelated control plasmid pSIALR-B, was successfully constructed. Both immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR showed that pSIALR-A inhibited the expression of hALR in HepG2 cells significantly, compared with that of pSIALR-B.

CONCLUSION
The results showed that the small interfering RNA targeting hALR suppresses the expression of hALR in a sequence-specific manner


Results on dense ZrO2: 3 mol% Y2O3 (Y-TZP) and 12 mol% CeO2 (Ce-TZP) ceramics are shown in this second part. Sintered specimens were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. The main results show that both types of solid solutions may attain a high densification (> 95% of the theoretical density) for sintering temperatures lower than 0.45 TF (TF = melting temperature). The rate of grain growth is governed by the stabilizing cation and is faster for Ce-TZP than for Y-TZP. Raman spectra exhibit the six characteristic bands of the tetragonal phase for both specimens. Impedance spectroscopy results for Y-TZP do not differ from those obtained for nanophase ceramics. A reduction in the extrinsic conductivity due to the high purity of the crystallized precursor was observed for Ce-TZP specimens.


Objective
To investigate the treatment and postoperative recovery of post-burn scar and control strategy, and provide better basis for future scar treatment.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 202 cases of post-burn scar surgery patients treated by the Department of Burns, Wound Repair Surgery, People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2007 to February 2017 was done. The operative methods were selected according to the nature of scar in different parts of the patient. And the scar tissue was examined by pathological examination. Statistics of the patients with the hospitalization time, operation cost, postoperative pathological results, therapeutic effect and the follow-up status.

Results
There was no perioperative deaths and serious complications during hospitalization. The average hospitalization time of patients was (14.50±6.04) days, and the average operation cost of patients was (15.9±3.7) thousand yuan. The scar was properly loosened and the wounds healed well after discharge. Postoperative pathology showed malignant transformation in 22 cases(10.89%). Among them, there were 15 cases (7.43%) of high-grade differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 2 cases(0.99%) of malignant melanoma, 1 case (0.50%) of basal cell carcinoma, 1 case(0.50%) of spindle cell carcinoma, 1 case(0.50%) of low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, 2 cases (0.99%) of local malignant change, and severe hyperplasia of opposite sex. The median follow-up time was 10 months, and 3 cases recurred during the follow-up period.

Conclusions
At present, operation is still one of the effective methods for the treatment of post-burn scar. The prevention and treatment of this disease is complicated. It is suggested that the operation time and indication should be strictly controlled and individualized treatment should be adopted.

Key words:
Cicatrix; Burns; Wound healing


Background and purpose: Digital radiography has led to many improvements in radiology. Despite many advantages there are different ideas in determining anatomical landmarks which results in some errors in cephalometric analyses. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of identification differences of anatomical landmarks by conventional and digital lateral cephalometric techniques using manual tracing of human skulls. Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 17 cases of human skulls in which metal radiopaque markers were attached to 9 landmarks as follows: N, S, ANS, PNS, A, B, Pog, the most inferior point of lower mandibular border, and Go. Conventional and digital lateral cephalograms were obtained from each skull with and without markers. The two cephalograms without markers were traced for landmarks by three orthodontists. Any difference between these landmarks and those of cephalograms with markers, were recorded and analyzed by student t-test. Results: The level of differences in S point was not statistically significant along both x and y coordinates. The measurement differences for the ANS and PNS points obtained by both radiographic methods were significant along the x coordinate but not significant along the y coordinate. Also, the measurement differences for the most inferior point of lower mandibular border, A, B, and Go points along both x and y coordinates were observed to be statistically significant. The measurement difference obtained for the Pog point was significant along the y coordinate and non-significant along the x coordinate. Conclusion:The difference in landmark identification between the two digital and conventional lateral cephalometric techniques was statistically significant for some points on both dimensions, however, the difference was not clinically significant.


This paper analyzes the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia, in which is taking a life in the execution of the crime of armed robbery or larceny, is qualified as a form of murder. This is a new kind of first degree murder. Previously, the legal solution to this serious form of murder was a property crime. Although it is a criminal offense with various objects , here is the dominant of deprivation of life, a murder, and the fact that it makes the performance of the criminal acts of larceny or armed robbery are qualification circumstances. Murder in armed robbery or larceny, is by the composition a complex criminal act ,which consists of criminal acts of murder and armed robbery or criminal act of robbery that is also a criminal complex offence (is composed of force and theft). Murder in armed robbery or larceny, is also in other criminal laws - compilation of law, but in those laws it tends to be treated as a form of crime of armed robbery or crime of robbery. During the processing of this type of serious murder, the author brought an examples from judicial practice from judgments of the Supreme Court of Serbia and the District Court in Novi Sad.


Evolution of a non-neutral cold electron–positron plasma slab is investigated. Initially the slab consists of a quasineutral plasma core bounded on both sides by layers containing only positrons (or electrons). Results from a nonperturbative, or mathematically exact, analysis of the governing fluid conservation equations and the Poisson equation show that despite their equal mass and charge magnitude, the electron and positron fronts can expand separately as well as a single fluid, and that nonlinear surface oscillations can be excited on the expansion fronts.


The study examines the asymmetric influence of exports on economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using an augmented neoclassical production function incorporating export earnings and oil rent. It uses time-series yearly data from 1985 to 2019 published by the World Bank, employs the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach and Toda–Yamamoto (T–Y) Granger causality test. The outcomes reveal a long-run cointegration among economic growth, exports, oil rents and other variables. Both the exports and oil rents have unveiled asymmetric impacts on economic growth. The overall impact of exports on economic growth remains robust; its positive shock maintains neutrality, while negative shock yields affirmative influence on economic growth in the long run. Similarly, the positive components of oil rents remain neutral, while the negative shocks negatively affect economic growth, with an overall adverse impact. The T–Y causality unleashes that economic growth causes exports negative shocks, and negative shocks cause positive shocks of exports and a feedback relationship between economic growth and positive shock of exports, and thus, validates the NARDL outcomes and verifies their robustness. The outcomes imply that the Kingdom should expand its exports and enhance its nonoil output through product and market diversification measures.


Mining activities has generated large amounts of mine tailings each year, and these tailings usually contain high concentrations of heavy metal pollutants, which not only cause serious damage to the local and surrounding soil ecosystems, but also harm human health via the transmission of food chain. Phytoremediation is treated as environmentally friendly, long-term effective and low-cost restoration method. However, tailing soil acidification, low organic matter content, poor water holding capacity and compaction make plant struggle to survive. Biochar, a soil conditioner can promote plant growth by improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, thus strengthening the ability of phytoremediation in the contaminated tailings. This review elaborates how the physicochemical properties of biochar affect phytoremediation; and summarized how the raw materials of biochar affect the physicochemical characteristics. Finally, the future research directions are prospected.


This thesis is formed from two papers: a systematic literature review and an empirical research study. The first, a systematic literature review, explores and critically discusses the current research evidence assessing the roles that educational psychologists (EPs) have held in various multi-agency teams.

The second, an empirical research study, explores the perceptions of an EP's role currently held by other team members in a multi-agency team supporting families (MATSF). For example, other team members' constructions of: the methods, tools and techniques underpinning the professional practice of an EP; and the ethical guidelines governing the professional practice of an EP. MATSF team members' views were obtained using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study found that some team members did still hold 'traditional' constructions about the methods, tools and techniques underpinning the professional practice of an EP, despite the theoretical underpinnings of the MATSF under consideration being Motivational Interviewing (MI), Solution-Focused and Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approaches. The study also found that the majority of team members had a limited knowledge of, and understanding of, the ethical guidelines governing the professional practice of an EP. The thesis concludes with a discussion of some of the emerging themes that were generated, and the implications for future educational psychology practice in the MATSF and other multi-agency contexts. Some suggestions for further research and expansion of the role played by an EP in a MATSF are presented


The relevance of this paper in today's ICT driven society is to ensure that PC buyers are assisted on decision making in PC purchasing. Development of an artificial intelligence advisory system (AIAS) that uses artificial neural network (ANN) as its knowledge base appears to be a promising method for offering expert advise to intended PC users such as schools, organizations, banks and the amateur. In this paper we confronted the problem of making right choices on PC purchase, which is an important decision - making issue that must be addressed based on certain criteria including user preferences, set of needs, values, system configuration, nature of work, etc. The paper therefore introduces a novel approach which could assist a buyer in decision making on the right choice of PC to go for. The paper presented the development and evaluation of highly personalized advisory system to complement the cognitive and computational capacities of humans. AIAS will leverage the experience and contextual knowledge of seasoned computer engineer to facilitate the decision making process on PC purchase. The system will assist users in a collaborative manner by gathering and presenting information, and by recommending actions. The AIAS construction and training using expert system architecture design is presented. Rigorous training with data collected from available PC models in Nigeria showed that the system is capable of successfully offering matching advice with 90 percent accuracy.


dioxide were examined by electrocardiographic records. Bradycardia and arrhythmias were observed following exposure to 20 ppm for 3 hours (76). These alterations were attributed to changes in parasympathetic nervous activity following exposure. The levels used were high relative to those obtained from unaged tobacco smoke. In addition, it has been suggested that enzyme-inhibiting effects associated with cigarette smoking are due to nicotine N-oxide and nitrogen dioxide. Because thiols are readily oxidized to disulfides by either nitric oxide or nitrogen dioxide, they are potent inhibitors of thioldependent enzymes (126). In the presence of cigarette smoke, scavenger cells such as macrophages may not be readily activated. In the respiratory system, the major histological sites of damage by nitrogen dioxide are the terminal and respiratory bronchioles and the proximal portions of the alveolar ducts. Nitrogen oxides are also suspected of contributing to the development of pulmonary emphysema (43) and the acceleration of platelet aggregation (191).


A self-phasing aerial array using an amplitude-perturbing technique is described, and a method of obtaining the necessary control information is given. The system is intended for use in f.m. mobile radio links, and has the advantage of using an almost completely standard f.m. receiver.


Objective: Clinical experience and observations suggest that there are some discrepancies between patients who directly apply to psychiatry clinic, and who are referred from gastroenterology clinic to psychiatry clinic. Thus, we aimed to investigate differences related to the demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients.
Method: The study included 115 consecutive patients aged between 18-65 years. Sixty-one of the patients applied directly to the psychiatry clinic, and 54 patients were referred for consultation to the psychiatry clinic. Primary gastrointestinal complaints, psychiatric diagnoses and personality features were recorded on the scoiodemographic data form, and the severity of psychiatric disorders were assessed by the Clinical Global Impression Scale - Severity Subscale.
Results: Patients who directly applied to psychiatry clinic were more likely to be female, older, and married. They attributed their gastrointestinal symptoms also more likely to be of psychogenic origin. Patients who directly applied to psychiatry clinic suffered more likely from a sense of fullness/abdominal tension, while patients who were referred to psychiatry clinic more frequently complained of bloating, abdominal pain, and constipation. Patients who directly applied to psychiatry clinic were more frequently diagnosed with depressive disorders, trauma related disorders, and personality disorders, whereas referrals were more frequently diagnosed with psychotic disorders. Directly admitted patients were also more likely to exhibit impulsivity as a personality feature.
Conclusion: Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who directly presented to psychiatry differed from those who were referred from gastroenterology clinics on some of their demographic aspects, primary psychiatric diagnoses and personality traits.


Objective
The study aimed to explore the relationship between the expression of special AT rich sequence binding protein-1 (SATB1) and clinical characteristics in lung adenocarcinoma and its role in the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549.

Methods
Tissue sections were stained by immunohistochemistry streptavid-in-peroxidase (SP) method. The green fluorescent protein expression vector of SATB1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) was constructed and transfected into lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. The effect of transfection was observed by fluor escence microscope. The silencing efficiency was measured by Western blotting. Cell proliferation, invasion and migration activity were detected by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT), Transwell and wound-healing assay. Apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. MTT, transwell and wound-healing assay were adopted to study cell proliferation, invasion and migration activity, and the apoptosis rate was tested by flow cytometry.

Results
SATB1 was highly expressed in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues (positive rate 61%), and was lowly expressed in adjacent tissues (positive rate 20%), and the expression level was negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation (P<0.01). After transfection with SATB1-siRNA, the transfection efficiency was about 70%, and the expression of SATB1 in A549 cells was decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the negative control group, the cell proliferation, invasion and migration ability were significantly decreased (P<0.01). The apoptotic rate was increased (P<0.01).

Conclusion
SATB1 is closely related to the pathogenesis and development of lung adenocarcinoma, which may provide important clues for finding potential therapeutic targets and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.

Key words:
Lung adenocarcinoma; Special AT rich sequence binding protein-1; Cell proliferation


We present materials informatics approach to search for superconducting hydrogen compounds, which is based on a genetic algorithm and a genetic programming. This method consists of four stages: (i) search for stable crystal structures of materials by a genetic algorithm, (ii) collection of physical and chemical property data by first-principles calculations, (iii) development of superconductivity predictor based on the database by a genetic programming, and (iv) discovery of potential candidates by regression analysis. By repeatedly performing the process as (i) $\rightarrow$ (ii) $\rightarrow$ (iii) $\rightarrow$ (iv) $\rightarrow$ (i) $\rightarrow$ $\dots$, the superconductivity of the discovered candidates is validated by first-principles calculations, and the database and predictor are further improved, which leads to an efficient search for superconducting materials. We applied this method to hypothetical ternary hydrogen compounds and predicted KScH$_{12}$ with a modulated hydrogen cage showing the superconducting critical temperature of 122 K at 300 GPa and GaAsH$_{6}$ showing 98 K at 180 GPa.


In this chapter, the authors highlight the extant literature on organizational leadership and its pivotal role in effective communication and engagement processes. The authors focus on first-line supervisors and the impact of communication and engagement on officers under their supervision. Employee trait, state, and behavioral constructs coupled with the culture of emotional connection between police officers and the police organization are explored. Further, in this chapter, the authors examine the principles of effective empowerment including meaningfulness, competence, mastery, choice, and impact and its applicability to effective police leadership. The outcome of the relationship between effective leadership and employee engagement is directly linked to innovation, participation, teamwork, accountability, and the ability to face challenges. Conclusions and recommendations for future research are discussed.


This Research Paper deals with various aspect of crime in Raipur District. Crime and Police seem to go hand in hand from time immemorial. The study on crime relates to police in context to population, distance of police station from place of crime and availability of police force in the area. Chhattisgarh is basically a place of peace loving people. Its geographical location and history has made it almost secluded from neighbouring states but even then no society of the modern world can claim to be free from crimes. The study has been based on the data of crime for the years 1956 to 1975. Statistics on Indian Crime originate in Police Stations. They are collected from district reports found at the office of the Superintendent of Police. The natural interpretation is that crime rate is directly proportionate to urbanization and industrialization.


A mixed homogeneous-heterogeneous catalysis that exploits a multi-task palladium catalyst has been developed for one-pot sequential Heck-reduction-cyclization (HRC) reactions leading to novel 4-benzyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-3-ones. The HRC sequence requires mild conditions and allows the separation of the palladium residues under the form of an in situ generated Pd(0)/C catalyst by simple filtration. The homemade and recovered catalyst can be efficiently reused for Suzuki-Miyaura reactions and reductive processes making it useful for sustainable chemistry.


confess that we are at some loss to account for a new edition of the work in question, and this for sufficiently weighty reasons. As the book is obviously not one for the general practitioner, its fitness for the specialist can be the only great, if not its sole, recommendation; and when we remember that it exists specially for the benefit of the dental student, we i i i i ? -i think he might, with great profit to his own advancement, derive his knowledge from a much more enlarged field of observation than Mr. Sewill brings before him. To do the author justice, however, he readily acknowledges that more exhaustive manuals do exist, and from these he extracts the


The aim of this experiment was to analyze the leaf volatiles of crabapple (Malus sp.) individuals at different aphid's resistance, to ascertain the particular ingredients which has lure or aversion effects on aphid, and to provide reference for finding out a simple method to control effectively aphids. Volatiles of leaves from twenty-one different crabapple individuals were evaluated with the method of head space-solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Volatiles profiles of them were then compared. There are one hundred eighty-six kinds of volatiles were detected with varied contents found in different individuals. And all plants contain eight kinds of common components: 3-Hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)-, 4-Hexen-1-ol, (Z)-, n-Decanal, n-Tetradecane, .alpha.-Farnesene, Diethyl Phthalate, Oxime-, methoxy-phenyl- and Dibenzofuran-, wherein the relative content of higher have 3-Hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)- and 4-Hexen-1-ol, (Z)-. Specific volatile substances in high resistance plants contain 3-Hexenal, (Z)- and 2-Hexenal, (E)-. Leaf volatiles differ in twenty-one crabapple individuals. High resistance plants specific volatile substances contains 3-Hexenal, (Z)-, 2-Hexenal, (E)- and other small molecular volatile substances, and no-resistance plants all have .beta.-Farnesene.


The hydraulic bridge is an instrument for accurate measurement of small static temperature differences of the order of several thousandths of a degree, such as those occurring in flowing fluid systems. It is extremely simple to make and to use. In this paper the bridge's basic principles are outlined and its main features described; also results of proving tests are shown.


This paper explores the fungibility between earmarked local option sales taxes and general revenue. We predict that as the adjustment costs to the budget grow, there will be less compensation from general revenue. We use national county level data from 1983 to 2004 to examine the effects of local option sales taxes earmarked for transportation (LOST-T). We find that counties with LOST-T spend more on transportation: a one percentage point increase in the LOST-T rate increases per capita transportation outlay by $40. This is an important result, shedding light on the impact of earmarked taxes which has been inconclusive in the literature.


Self-generated gradients (SGG) provide robust steering cues that guide cells in their long-distance expeditions during embryonic development, immune response, and cancer metastasis. Cells generate their own local, dynamic gradients by breaking down the broadly distributed attractants in the environment, which leads to propulsion. How cells sense the environment and the interplay of selfgenerated force and long-range range chemotactic interactions determines the collective behavior of cells in vivo is largely unknown. We develop a theory to provide quantitative insight into how self-generated chemotaxis (SGC) steers the collective migration of cells during their long-distance journeys. In an externally imposed gradient, the cells exhibit super-diffusive motion at time less than persistent time (τp) and exhibit diffusive motion at time t > τp. On the other hand breakdown of chemo-attractants influences the density fluctuations and long-range correlations emerge in the density of chemotactic cells. The cells exhibit superdiffusive motion at a longtime limit. The SGG provides an effective mechanism for long-distance travel compared to an externally imposed gradient. Our theory provides a general framework for studying the non-equilibrium dynamics of collections of interacting particles.


Drink Water Treatment must with the water quality standart which have been standart. In presents of iron (Fe) good for body metabolism and also forming of eritrosit. But if iron (Fe) in drink water more than 0,3 ppm can result trouble at liver. Therefore, need to analysis for iron (Fe) in Drink Water Treatment in accordance to Regulation of Minister of Health Republic Indonesia No.907/MENKES/SK/VII/2002 about qualification of Drink Water.The concentration of iron (Fe) was contained in water sample had been determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometry (AAS) at λ 248,3 nm.


A field experiment was conducted with 430 germplasm collections of blackgram comprising of short, medium and long duration varieties in a red sandy loam soil under both inoculated and uninoculated conditions. Eventhough the grain yield increased with increase in duration of the variety the increase of grain yield was not proportionate to that of the total biological yield. Short duration varieties recorded significantly higher harvest Index than medium or long duration varities. Inoculation with rhizobia significantly in- creased the grain yield and harvest Ind ex.


Astrophysical shocks, such as planetary bow shocks or supernova remnant shocks are often in the high or very-high Mach number regime, and the structure of such shocks is crucial to the understanding of particle acceleration and plasma heating, as well of interest in its own right. Recent magnetic field observations at Saturn's bow shock, for Alfvén Mach numbers greater than about 25, have provided evidence for periodic non-stationarity, although the details of the ionand electron-scale processes remain unclear due to limited plasma data. High resolution, multi-spacecraft data is available for the terrestrial bow shock, but here the very-high Mach number regime is only extremely rarely attained. Here we present magnetic field and particle data from three such quasi-perpendicular shock crossings observed by the four-spacecraft Cluster mission. Although both ion reflection and the shock profile are modulated at the upstream ion gyroperiod time scale, the dominant wave growth in the foot takes place at sub-proton


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide multi-functional electronic parts composed of a plurality of packaging parts fulfilling different electrical functions and a voltage- controlled oscillator the substrate area of which can be reduced by mounting the parts. SOLUTION: The multi-functional electronic parts in which a resistor and a capacitor are connected in parallel between conductor electrodes 22 and 23 for mounting are constituted by providing resistors 24 on the surfaces of insulating layers except the surfaces on which the electrodes 22 and 23 are provided in a chip type capacitor 21 provided with the electrodes 22 and 23 on its facing surfaces. When such electronic parts are connected to the emitter electrode of a transistor for oscillating the voltage-controlled oscillator, the number of parts constituting the oscillator can be reduced by one as compared with the conventional example.


Abstract : The use of rotating biological contactors (RBCs) to upgrade sewage treatment plants is relatively new in the United States, and only a few full-scale RBC secondary plants have been in operation for more than 1 year. RBCs appear to be simple to operate and maintain, cost competitive, reliable, economical, and compatible for retrofitting existing Department of Army (DA) sewage treatment plants without extensive renovation. However, data are scarce regarding RBC retrofitting strategies for upgrading existing secondary trickling-filter sewage treatment plants for additional biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nitrogen removal to meet current and anticipated National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) requirements. In addition, because of differences in manufacturers' inherent design philosophies, nowell-defined theory of design and operation is accepted by all manufacturers. The overall objective of this investigation was to evaluate the performance of an RBC wastewater treatment process as an upgrading-retrofit unit process for BOD reduction and nitrification. Using a 0.5-m RBC plant at an existing full-scale trickling-filter plant, the flexibility, feasibility, and characteristics for BOD reduction and nitrification potential were determined under a variety of hydraulic, organic, and ammonia-loading regimes. The design procedure is presented, along with design calculations for 1.0, 5.0, and 7.5 mgd plants. Capital costs and energy requirements for these plants at various options were listed for comparison. These results indicate that DA sewage treatment plants can be effectively upgraded.


The authors describe a novel network topology for image processing, called the hyper-pyramid network topology. This structure is hierarchical and implements local, inside-region communications at each level, and upward/downward communications in the whole structure. Intraregion communications are shown by an image processing algorithm study. The authors display the implementation of a component labeling algorithm onto a hyper-pyramid network with a computational complexity of O(log/sup 2/(n)). This complexity is the same as that of the hypercube network. It is also demonstrated that the wiring complexity is less than that of the hypercube network.<<ETX>>


Plant proteinase inhibitors (Pis) are of special interest because of their role in plant defense against herbivorous insects. We isolated a cDNA clone for a serine PI from Brassica o/eracea, cabbage (BoPI). A comparison of the putative coding sequence from the cabbage clone with soybean trypsin inhibitor identified conserved amino acids and peptide motifs. Furthermore, it seems to be a member of a 6-8 gene family in cabbage. The serine PI cDNA was subcloned into a plant expression vector under the control of the CaMV 355 promoter, and transgenic Nicotiana tabacum. (tobacco) cv Xanthi were produced to test the ability of BoPI to enhance resistance against insects in a heterologous system. These plants were compared with transgenic plants containing different insect resistance transgenes (proteinase inhibitors and a Bacillus thuringiensis cry1Ac). The transgenic plants containing BoPI gene outperformed over other transgenic plants produced with diffierent PI genes, and compared favorably with Bt cry1 Ac transgenic plants in a bioassay with Heliothis virescens, tobacco budworm.


The cells of a Coxeter group were defined by Kazhdan and Lusztig in [7] in 1979, the theory of cells play an important role in representation theory of algebraic group. For some special cases, the cells have been described explicitly, such as, for W of rank 2, see [10]; for W of type A(subscript n); see[8], for a-value 4 of the classical types and the affine group (The symbol is abbreviated)4, see[3], [4], [5], [8]. In the present paper, we aim to describe the left cells in the affine Weyl group of the exceptional types of Ẽ6 by using Shi's algorithm.


Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease affecting >300 million people worldwide [1]. The most severe disease manifestation is status asthmaticus, which can be unresponsive to medical therapy. Patients with severe status asthmaticus who require intubation and mechanical ventilation have mortality rates of up to 20% [2]. Airflow obstruction is often so severe that adequate decarboxylation and protective ventilation are not feasible, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is nowadays an established treatment option as a bridge to recovery [3, 4]. In a patient with severe status asthmaticus, enoximone, a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor, caused immediate bronchodilation http://bit.ly/38UYpUn


Analysis, by two methods; computer search and manual one-by-one article reading, was made of the acticles on clinical study using randomized controlled trial (RCT) or controlled clinicl trial (CCT) published in CHINESE ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION from 1999 to 2004, and the existent problems of clinical acupuncture-moxibustion study in recent years were investigated from the angle of evidence-based medicine. acupuncture-moxibustion study in recent years were investigated from the angle of evidence-based medicine.


Flow‐mediated vascular reactivity contributes to blood pressure regulation, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. An arising candidate for vascular flow‐sensing is the shear force (SF)‐sensitive epithelial Na+‐channel (ENaC) that is expressed in endothelial cells. However, experimental evidence for the functional significance of ENaC in flow‐mediated blood pressure regulation is scarce. Here we explored the molecular mechanism of how ENaC senses SF and if this mechanism contributes to systemic blood pressure regulation.


The interaction between synthetic polymers and the natural environment in terms of the effects of oxygen, radiant energy, and living organisms has been extensively studied over the past two decades. However, recent trends in environmental protection have aroused great public interest. This paper introduced polymer properties such as biodegradability and the Westas energy and organic waste for fuels and chemicals. Description of bio plastics and biodegradable plastics based on polyester.


The Gel'fand-Shilov spaces of type S are considered as topological algebras with respect to the Moyal star product and their corresponding algebras of multipliers are defined and investigated. In contrast to the well-studied case of Schwartz's space S, these multipliers are allowed to have nonpolynomial growth or infinite order singularities. The Moyal multiplication is thereby extended to certain classes of ultradistributions, hyperfunctions, and analytic functionals. The main theorem of the paper characterizes those elements of the dual of a given test function space that are the Moyal multipliers of this space. The smallest nontrivial Fourier-invariant space in the scale of S-type spaces is shown to play a special role, because its corresponding Moyal multiplier algebra contains the largest algebra of functions for which the power series defining their star products are absolutely convergent. Furthermore, it contains analogous algebras associated with coneshaped regions, which can be used to formulate a causality condition in quantum field theory on noncommutative space-time. PACS numbers: 11.10.Nx, 02.30.Sa, 03.65.Ca MSC-2000 classes: 53D55, 81S30, 81T05, 46L52, 46F10, 46F15, 46N50 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The movement of tourists has important economic and social implications for destination management. However, tracking and analyzing such movement can be a challenge both conceptually and methodologically. Using four different sequential pattern mining algorithms, this study investigates the movement of international visitors during the Gold Coast Commonwealth Games (GC2018) at the level of a specific destination through Twitter data. Results indicate that sequential pattern mining is a powerful technique to reveal complex travel patterns and provides insights into the potential associated destinations of visitors beyond the current point-to-point analysis. This approach can assist destination management and event organizers in identifying the event's contribution to tourists' local visitation.


Objective: To present two cases of sulcal artery syndrome. Background Sulcal (also known as central and sulcocommisural) arteries are perforating branches of the anterior spinal artery, which perfuse the anterior 2/3 of a hemicord. Sulcal arteries alternatively perforate the right or left side of the spinal cord at successive levels. Unilateral spinal cord infarction restricted to the perfusion territory of sulcal artery is very rare. All of the four previously reported cases have been associated with vertebral dissection. Design/Methods: Case 1: A 16 year old boy experienced sudden onset of a shooting pain on the right neck and arm after throwing a basketball. Over the next few hours, he developed right arm and leg paralysis. Examination showed right sided hemiplegia and impaired pain and temperature sensation on the left side. Vibratory sensation and proprioception were normal. Case 2: A 41 year old man presented with sudden onset of vertigo, pain on his left shoulder radiating to the nape of the neck and back of the head. Examination showed left upper and lower limb weakness, and impaired pain and temperature sensation on the right side. Results: Case 1: Cervical spinal MRI showed T2 WI signal intensity abnormality extending from C3 to C4 with mild cord expansion. Axial diffusion weighted image showed restricted diffusion in the right hemicord. CT angiogram showed hypoplastic right vertebral artery but no definitive dissection. Case 2: MRI showed acute infarct in the left cerebellum and in the left hemicord from C3-C5. CT angiogram demonstrated a left vertebral artery dissection. Conclusions: Sulcal artery syndrome is to be considered in acute onset of hemiplegia and contralateral pain and temperature impairment. Both of our cases had neck and upper limb pain, which is very uncommon with hemispheric or brainstem strokes. Disclosure: Dr. Da Silva has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brorson has received personal compensation for activities with CVS Caremark Corporation as a consultant. Dr. Rezania has nothing to disclose.


Background and Objective:Cancer chemotherapy can induce thro mbocytopenia.It is necessory to develop drugs that can prevent and treat thro mbocytopenia.The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of rhIL-11in prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.Method:A total of 109cancer patients were involved randomly into AB or BA group and every patient received 2cycles o f chemotherapy.IL-11was administe red subcutaneously(50μg /kg /d),beginning 24hours after completio n of chemotherapy for 14consecutive days or continuing until platelet count was 400×10 9 /L during cycle A.Patients did not re ceived IL-11during cycle B.Another41cases of cancer patients whose platelet were less than 50×10 9 /L after chemotherapy entered into o pen study group.IL-11administration was the same as above.Results:Efficacy can be evaluated in 107case s in controlled study group.Mean platelet count of cycle A was(246.49±88.64)×10 9 /L and cycle B was(180.24±83.34)×10 9 /L(P=0.000).GradeⅢ/Ⅳthrombocytopenia in cycle A and cycle B were 7/107(6.5%)and 15/107(14%),respectively(P=0.04).The minimum platelet counts were(136.46±74.64)×10 9 /L and(107.77±61.33)×10 9 /L,respectively(P=0.000).The maximum platelet counts were(381.28±150.39)×10 9 /L and(207.44±113.32)×10 9 /L,respectively(P=0.000).For open study group,32patients co uld be evaluated.The platelet count increased from(30.1875±12.13)×10 9 /L to(226.25±163.91)×10 9 /L after IL-11administration.Majo r adverse effects were edema,dizzin ess,palpitation,etc.Conclusion:rhIL-11can reduce thrombocytopeni a induced by chemotherapy and is a safe and effecive drug for treatment of thrombocytopenia.


The rapid development of GIS geospatial information technology demands proficiency from geography teachers, but teachers tend to have minimal knowledge of the technology, and even the impression that teaching and learning activities are not being used optimally. I have. GIS geospatial information technology is very useful in describing environmental problems, metropolitan areas, floods, and various activities to establish trends, determine best locations, and identify patterns and models. The purpose of this activity is the enhancement and application of geographic information technology based on geographic information systems for geography teachers in the form of training and instruction, including data entry, management, analysis and presentation. In carrying out this activity, the participants, while receiving a strengthening of GIS concepts and GIS components, created maps of slopes, elevations and landslides in operational demonstration activities, then classified and scored them, and evaluated them. Click Overlay (Overlay) to create a new map with the new classification. The results of this activity show better control as well as higher enthusiasm and responsiveness during the training activity. The whole operation went smoothly. In addition, GIS education can enhance the effectiveness of geography education through application in schools.


Advances in ultrafast opto-electronics have recently made possible the generation and detection of femtosecond electromagnetic transients having a duration of only one cycle. The spectral content of these pulses spans an enormous frequency range from dc to the far-infrared, making them useful sources of continuum radiation. When combined with phase-sensitive opto-electronic detection techniques, spectroscopic measurements of materials can be made with both high spectral and temporal precision. This talk will review recent progress on this subject and will describe applications for linear and nonlinear optics in the far-infrared.


In our study we're trying to present one of the many social projects that "Mica" Mining Company has achieved within the gold mining complex from Brad, located in the Apuseni Mountains of Transylvania. Under the motto "Be not only hardworking but also preservers because everyone can earn money, but few know how to save it" the company the managers of "Mica" Brad set up, in 1931-1932, the House of Savings and Loan for workers, and the House of Savings and Loan officials respectively, institutions that would operate until the closing of "Mica" Company in 1948. These Houses include all employees of the "Mica" Company from Brad and will circulate the funds from voluntary and compulsory deposits of their members, granting loans for the construction of houses and farms, for the establishment of agricultural holdings, for the purchase of land and agricultural equipment, for family needs etc.


Combed cotton and viscose cotton (CVC) is 2 types of cotton commonly used as the main ingredient in manufacture of clothes. Clothes made from cotton combed known as good materials for clothes. CVC cotton, made by combining cotton combed and cotton viscose so that in the manufacture CVC cotton quality is assumed under the combed cotton. Manually distinguish combed cotton and CVC cotton is by wearing clothes made of combed cotton and CVC cotton. Basically the texture in combed cotton and CVC fabrics can be analyzed by image texture segmentation process based on image texture analysis to get patterns showing the type of cotton. In this research explains the texture of cotton that through the process of image texture segmentation can release the value of features that can be used for the classification process, so that can determine the type of cotton. In this image texture segmentation includes grayscaling process, image normalization and texture feature extraction. Feature Extraction uses the Gray Level Run Length (GLRLM) method to get a feature value on the texture used for the classification process. Classification using method euclidean distance with 4 testing images and 2 training images by changing the original image to 5x5 and 10x10 pixels generate 100% accuracy. These results indicate that accuracy using the euclidean distance method results in high accuracy.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:There have been concerns about higher incidence of local recurrence after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) compared to its open counterpart. We sought to report a...


It has been suggested that an important difference between hospital and hospice care is that the latter is more geared to the attainment of family goals. Nurses are the one group of health-care professionals who work with families during all phases of an illness. Using the Delphi technique, this study aimed to identify some supportive nursing behaviours and some factors which went against effective provision of family care in a hospital. Twenty-two qualified nurses drawn from seven wards participated in the study. Supportive nursing behaviours were identified and priority was given to issues concerning symptom control, privacy, time and honest communication. Factors hindering the effective provision of family care focused mainly on the problems of balancing priorities, issues of disclosure, providing privacy and managing family conflict. The findings identified key areas of family care which warrant further investigation and highlight a potential focus of education and practice initiatives within hospitals.


Thermoelectricity refers to the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy and vice-versa, which relies on three main effects: Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson, all of which are manifestations of heat and electricity flow. In this work we investigate the deposition of nanometric films and the effect of a thermal treatment on their thermoelectric properties. The films are based on BiSbTe ternary alloys, obtained by deposition on a substrate using the DC sputtering technique. We produced sputtering targets with repurposed materials from commercial thermoelectric modules. In this way, we explore an environmentally responsible destination for discarded devices, with in situ preparation and manufacture of film-based thermoelectric modules. Film samples show an improvement trend in thermoelectric efficiency as the annealing temperature is increased in the range 423 – 623 K. The experimental data regarding thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity (or electrical conductivity), and the Seebeck coefficient were analyzed with the theory of q-deformed algebra. Applying a q-deformation to our system we can model the effect of the annealing temperature on the thermal and electrical conductivities, as well as the Seebeck coefficient, and argue that the q-factor must be related to structural properties of the films. We believe that our work could pave the way for future developments in the modeling of experimental measurements via the formalism of q-deformation algebra. PACS numbers: 02.20-Uw,05.30-d,75.20-g


BACKGROUND
Atopy remains a hazy concept, as research in genetic markers is still not sufficiently elaborated due to multiple physiopathological mechanisms and mixing of patients. The aim of this work was to demonstrate this hypothesis by comparing birthdates according to family history and serum IgE to house dust mite and/or timothy grass pollen.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Rasts d1 and g6 were measured in the serum of 5,468 subjects, 2 to 18 years of age. The quotient of sensitizations to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and timothy grass pollen was established, month by month, according to family history. Representative curves were smoothed by computer.

RESULTS
The circannual rhythm of quotients was remarkably similar within both groups of subjects with or without family history, with a time lag of 2 to 3 months. Subjects without family history were born 2 to 3 months before subjects with family history, i.e., they were 2 to 3 months older at the time of antigenic stimulation.

CONCLUSIONS
Mechanisms by which subjects have been sensitized, still unknown, happen in different times according to family history. These findings suggest several genetic factors.


The spin dynamics of a single bi-layer ferromagnetic model, as proposed for a manganite system $La_{1.2}Sr_{1.8}Mn_{2}O_{7}$ as an approximate minimal model, is studied both below and above the bulk magnetic transition temperature using the semi-classical Monte Carlo-molecular dynamics technique. The quantities studied are:- (i) the static spin configurations, (ii) the spin auto-correlation function (SAF) $C(t)$ and (iii) the dynamical structure function (DSF) $S(\bf q, \omega)$. The major aim is to probe the nature of collective modes and in particular to ascertain whether the propagating modes can exist above the ordering temperature. We find that the typical spin configurations contain a high degree of mis-aligned spins, particularly in the high temperature phase. Nevertheless, in the low temperature phase a long range ferromagnetic ordering can be seen. The shape of the curves corresponding to $S(\bf q, \omega)$ vs. $\omega$ in the constant $\bf q$-scan are found in general to be quite complex viz. containing peaks, cusps and broad plateau. Moreover, in a large regime of $(\bf q, \omega)$ space, $S(\bf q ,\omega)$ is found to be negative, signalling a total breakdown of the semi-classical approximation in the presence of the enormous thermodynamic and quantum fluctuations. Considering the physically allowed regime only, we can theoretically extract an effective $\omega$ vs. $q$ dispersion curve for the collective excitations, which exhibits a slope opposite to that expected for a full three-dimensional system and disagrees with the results of inelastic neutron scattering experiments in the nature of the dispersion curve along the $ $ direction in the ordered phase. The theoretical results also exhibit the existence of propagating modes even in the high temperature (disordered) phase from our calculations based on a minimal single bi-layer ferromagnetic model.


The paper aims at the analysis of damage mechanisms and its influence on heat flow in a mid-thick Reissner's plate. Adapting the concept of thermo-damage coupling in continuum damage mechanics, the following two 2D coupled problems are formulated: heat transfer through nonhomogeneous partly damaged material and Reissner's membrane-plate made of aluminium alloy, subjected to brittle damage resulting from mechanical and thermal loadings.


This paper investigates wages of workers in small and medium-sized manufacture enterprises,and discusses the operation characteristics of the enterprises with piece rate.For the purpose of reducing operation cost,raising labor productivity,and improving job quality,the paper presents a method to ameliorate wage systems that are suitable for small and medium-sized manufacture enterprises.A wage system is developed to simplifie the wage management and the new wage system has better effect than traditional one.


Communications among user equipment (UE) play a pivotal role in the coordination and information sharing in order to accomplish the predefined collaborative tasks of UE via the internet of robotic things (IoRT). Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) emerges as one of the most compelling architectures to ensure the UE demands. However, to optimize the power usage by fulfilling UE demand over a long operational period, the radio resource allocation (RRA) in C-RAN requires to be more visionary. To solve this challenge, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based algorithm consisting of two different value-based networks. One network generates the target value for the second network for the purpose of better convergence. Under the same UE demands, simulation results verify that the proposed DRL algorithm outperforms the Deep Q Network (DQN) and conventional approaches in terms of power consumption.


Most research on family resilience has focused on the study of families with dysfunctional practices. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate functional family groups facing stressful situations, such as the one generated by the Covid-19 pandemic, during the period of confinement. This article presents the preliminary data of an exploratory study conducted with a sample of 388 participants from Mexico and Spain. The research compared the levels of individual and family resilience with potential stressors (housing conditions, work situation, etc.). The result shows a significance correlation between family and individual resilience levels, while potential stressors do not seem to have a significant impact on resilience levels.


This paper presents a 60 GHz 4th order resonant cavities Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter with measured average insertion loss of 1.7 dB and a low in-band ripple of 0.76 dB using a low cost 2 layers PCB process. Robustness to manufacturing process variations is verified on more than 20 measured samples. The filter impact is evaluated in a wireless link composed of commercial 60 GHz transceiver chips from ST Microelectronics fabricated in 65nm bulk CMOS technology. The filter causes a wireless jitter degradation of 22 ps and only 7 ps in conducted measurements for an OOK modulation at 5 Gbps. This planar filter present one of the lowest loss and in-band ripple in comparison to prior art, on top of satisfying spectral constraints and modulated signal quality specifications in the 57-64 GHz band.


The article presents GDP estimates for fifteenth century Tuscany, based on the 1427 Florentine Catasto. In per capita GDP, Tuscany was only slightly above England and Holland. Furthermore, when compared to England and Holland, Tuscany was characterized by high extractive rates in favor of Florence, to the detriment of the subdued cities and the countryside, and by subsequent market blockades. This may explain why previous estimates, partly based on the construction wages in Florence, can lead to an overestimate of GDP. It may also explain the exceptional artistic blossoming of fifteenth century Florence, despite only a small lead in average GDP.


Creating customer intention to buy is obviously a major task of every marketer and/or firm. Many tactics are exercised to generate the intention, in which a buying behavior is hopefully occured. A customer intimacy strategy supposedly be a particular way to do it. However, its power to generate the intention hypothetically is not straight forward, but through other variables. It is commonly known, in accordance with the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the intention could be predicted by consumer attitude and subjective norm. Meanwhile, the attitude and subjective norm theirself are frequently in-line with the product's performance. Therefore.the purpose of the study is to investigate the power of customer intimacy strategy in creating the customer intention to buy through the product's brand equity and both the consumer attitude and subjective norm. A 108 sample is withdrawn from those who recognize, are interested of and want to buy Dagadu products. Amos 16.0 and SPSS 16.0 are employed in analyzing data. The result shows that the customer intimacy strategy has significant effects to the brand equity, attitude and subjective norm. In addition, the brand equity also has a significant influence to the intention.


Mormyrids are endemic in African Rivers and are represented by about 208 species belonging to 18 genera (Gosse, 1984 and Chapman & Hulen, 2001). Twenty species are related to genus Mormyrus, only 4 of them are present in the Nile of Egypt (Bishai and Khalil, 1997). The elephant-snout fish, Mormyrus kannume is the only species found ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: July 29, 2022 Accepted: Aug. 28, 2022 Online: Sept. 19, 2022 _______________


This article examines the risk-return characteristics of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) listed on the Korea Exchange (KRX) from 2010 to 2014, a period of stagnant growth in the real estate and equity markets. Two indexes composed of publicly traded REITs have slightly higher returns, risk and Sharpe ratios relative to the KOSPI200 equity index but lower returns, higher risk and lower Sharpe ratios relative to the KRW Cash government bond index. The REITs also have weak positive correlations with the equity index but weak negative correlations with the government bond index, illustrating their diversification potential within the framework of a mixed-asset portfolio. We employ the Sharpe-Lintner CAPM, the Fama-French three-factor model and the Carhart four factor model to measure REITs` exposure to systematic risk factors and evaluate their risk adjusted performance. Overall, the market premium alone appears to have statistically significant effects on the excess returns of REITs. Self-managed REITs with more volatile prices and lower dividend yields tend to have higher beta coefficients. Finally, we look into correlations between REITs` financial metrics and their systematic and unsystematic risks. Results show that the interest coverage ratio, market capitalization and dividend yield have moderate to strong negative correlations with unsystematic risks whereas the interest coverage ratio and market capitalization have moderate negative correlations with the beta coefficient. This finding underscores the importance of factors such as business profitability and stability when managing or investing in REITs.


Too often, when America speaks of race, it is in black and white terms. Dialogue surrounding race seems always to position whiteness as the center around which all other colors revolve. Meanwhile relations between minorities are largely ignored, surfacing in our consciousness only when tensions flare, as in the case of Black-Korean violence in Los Angeles. In our life times, Whites will no longer constitute a majority in America. As a result, Black/Brown relations--and the need for this relationship to be fruitful and mutually supportive--take on an even greater urgency. Yet, this relationship has been troubled, characterized too often by a misguided sense of competitiveness, hostility, and even violence, as evidenced by the Miami race riots of the 1980s. In this brief, accessible, impassioned volume, Bill Piatt surveys Black/Brown relations in their entirety, devoting chapters to such issues as competition in a shrinking labor market, the re-segregation of our public schools, the language barrier, gang warfare, and voting coalitions. Reviewing similarities and differences between the Black and Brown experience in America, Bill Piatt emphasizes the need for solidarity and mutual understanding and offers explicit proposals for greater racial harmony. Blacks and Browns must get along not only for their sake, he argues, but for a stronger, more stable America.


The loading track optimization problem,produced by the auto-loading process of cartridges in self-propelled artillery,is researched in the paper.The research focuses on how to design an algorithm used in the loading device real-time control,so that the algorithm need little time to get the solutions good enough to the optimization problem.In this paper,the problem is modelled,and ant colony system,with a nearest neighbor pheromone initialization strategy proposed by author,is adopted to solve the model.Experiment results demonstrate that,the strategy can improve all the performance of the algorithm,reduce its running time,and improves its solutions.Analysis of the results shows that,ant colony system with the nearest neighbor pheromone initialization strategy is effective for solving the optimization problem,and is feasible to be used in the real-time control of the auto-loading process.


The invention provides an LED (Light Emitting Diode) reading pen, and aims at solving the problem that the reading pen in the prior art easily needs to recharge or replace a battery frequently. The LED reading pen comprises a light guide shell, a fluorescent refill, LED point light sources, a switch and a power supply, wherein the fluorescent refill is arranged in the light guide shell and is round pipe shaped; a reflecting light channel is arranged on the light guide shell and is located in the fluorescent refill; at least two LED point light sources are arranged on the light guide shell; each LED point light source is connected to the switch; and the switch is used for enabling one LED point light source to give out light or enabling all LED point light sources to give out light synchronously. According to the LED reading pen, the fluorescent refill is arranged and is capable of absorbing light emitted by the LED point light sources, so that after the fluorescent refill absorbs the enough light, some LED point light sources can be extinguished, and thus the electric energy is saved, the service time of the reading pen is prolonged, and the problem of frequent charging or battery replacement is solved.


Bibliotherapy includes the library science, medical science and psychology. This paper introduces the intervention of libraries, medical researches and psychologists in bibliotherapy, and probes into the necessity, feasibility and cooperative method of the cooperation among the three sides.


In Europe and North America, a few developed countries have gradually implemented an "open disclosure" mechanism characterized by openness, analysis, and learning in dealing with adverse medical events, so that the cost of medical litigation and the reoccurrence rate of adverse medical events can be decreased. The United States was the earliest country to implement an open disclosure mechanism, while Australia has developed the most comprehensive policy. This paper reviewed the histories and current status of the open disclosure mechanism in the United States and Australia to derive implications for constructing a disclosure mechanism for adverse medical events in Taiwan. Two suggestions were made after a review of the two countries' experiences. First, the dominant Department of Health should plan and conduct large-scale epidemiologic research on adverse medical events to force the medical system to face the issue of medical injury seriously. Second, social action supporters in various areas should be mobilized to propose comprehensive social legislation, promote education, and advocate for Taiwan to move toward the goal of dealing with adverse medical events with open disclosure.


Photosystem II (PSII) is an assembly of several proteins responsible for harvesting light energy and splitting water to dioxygen in cyanobacteria, algae and higher plants. In this thesis, PSII enriched membrane (PEM) samples prepared from spinach were studied by low temperature (1.7 — 5 K) absorption and MCD spectroscopy. The factors affecting sample optical quality were investigated from a theoretical point of view. Based on theory, work was done to develop practical methods to ensure PEM samples of high optical-quality were prepared so as to produce reproducible and high quality absorption data from spectra obtained at low temperature. Cytochrome 6559 (cyt A559) is an important subunit of the photosystem II complex. A new methodology was developed to accurately quantify cyt 6559 in PEM samples. For the first time, the spectroscopic technique of MCD was used to confirm that sodium dithionite treatment reduced all cyt 6559 in PEM samples. Illumination-induced difference spectra of PEM samples were studied. Illumination of PSII samples at cryogenic temperature is understood to result in the formation of a stable charged quinone species Qa which electrochromically shifts the spectra of pigments in its vicinity. The apparent variability of illumination-induced difference spectra in PEM samples was found to be artefactual and dependent on the stability of spectrometers utilised to obtain the spectra as well as sample quality. Improvements in spectrometer stability and sample preparation techniques allowed the determination of an illumination-induced difference spectrum free from artefacts. Calculations simulating the effect of Qa on the pigments in PSII were performed to show how the difference spectrum could be due to the shift of the spectra of all the pheophytin and chlorophyll pigments in the reaction centre (D1 and D2 proteins) of PSII. This result differs from similar analyses performed in the literature previously. A novel transient feature was discovered in the PEM illumination-induced difference spectrum under certain illumination conditions and was hypothesised to be due to the formation of P68o+. This hypothesis was evaluated by comparing experimental data to a model of the kinetics of the electron transfer processes that occur upon low temperature illumination of PSII. List of Commonly Used Abbreviations and Symbols ANU Australian National University ATP adenosine triphosphate Car beta-carotene CCD Chi Cont charge-coupled device chlorophyll continuous illumination cyt cytochrome D secondary donor o f PSII D1/D2 the proteins comprising the reaction centre o f PSII (subscript denotes pigment in relevant protein, e.g Pheom is the pheophytin in D l) A a the change in polarisability between the ground and excited state AA DDM difference in absorbance n-dodecyl ß-D-maltoside E e f f effective electric field vector £ e ff effective dielectric constant EG EPR ethylene glycol electron paramagnetic resonance FW HM full width at half-maximum Gly HeNe HL LL glycerol helium neon high-light illumination low-light illumination MCD magnetic circular dichroism NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate OD optical density OEC oxygen-evolving complex P 680 p rim a ry e le c tro n d o n o r in PSII P E M P SII e n r ic h e d m e m b ra n e f ra g m e n t P h eo p h e o p h y tin P S II p h o to sy s te m II Q b an d Q a / Q b L o w en e rg y tra n s itio n in c h lo r in ty p e p ig m e n ts p la s to q u in o n e s in P SII Q x / Q y o rth o g o n a l c o m p o n e n ts o f th e Q b a n d a lo n g th e x an d y ax e s o f th e c h lo r in r in g R C P SII re a c tio n c e n tre (th e D1 an d D 2 p ro te in s ) S /N s ig n a lto -n o ise T D M tra n s itio n d ip o le m o m e n t T H D S tra n s ie n t h ig h -lig h t d if fe re n c e sp e c tru m Y z / Y d ty ro s in e Z / ty ro s in e D A / / d iffe re n c e in g ro u n d s ta te a n d e x c ite d s ta te d ip o le m o m e n ts Declaration.................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements...................................................................................................Hi Abstract..................................................................................................................... iv List of Commonly Used Abbreviations and Symbols...............................................vi Chapter 1: Introduction............................................................................................ 4 1.1 Photosynthesis......................................................................................................... 4 1.1.1 Significance______________________________________________________________________ 4 1.1.2 General Overview of Oxygenic Photosynthesis_________________________________________5 1.2 Photosystem II........................................................................................................ 9 1.2.1 Structure and Function 9 1.2.2 The Reaction Centre______________________________________________________________ 10 1.2.3 Photosystem II Preparations________________________________________________________13 1.3 Absorption Spectroscopy of PSII......................................................................... 14 1.3.1 Theory__________________________ 1.3.2 Advantages o f Cryogenic Temperature 1.4 Cytochromes......................................................................................................... 20 1.4.1 Historical Overview______________________________________________________________20 1.4.2 Properties ______________________________________________________________________ 21 1.5 Cytochrome b559.................................................................................................... 21 1.5.1 Early W ork______________________________________________________________________22 1.5.2 Stoichiometry___________________________________________________________________ 22 1.5.3 Structure and Physical Properties___________________________________________________ 23 1.5.4 Function_______________________________________________________________________ 25 1.6 Overview of Thesis................................................................................................26 1.7 References.............................................................................................................. 27 2 Materials and Instrumentation......................................................................... 31 2.1 Photosystem II Enriched Membrane Samples.................................................... 31 2.1.1 ANU Preparation_________________________________________________________________ 31 2.1.2 Uppsala University Preparation_____________________________________________________ 33 2.2 Spectrometers....................................................................................................... 35 2.2.1 Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectrometer___________________________________________ 35 2.2.2 Charge-Coupled Device Spectrometer_______________________________________________ 43 2.2.3 Comparison of MCD and CCD Spectrometers________________________________________ 47 2.3 References.............................................................................................................. 48 3 Experimental Met It ods......................................................................................49 3.1 Preparation of Samples for Spectroscopy...........................................................49 3.2 Preparation of Spectrometers..............................................................................50 3.2.1 MCD spectrometer:_______________________________________________________________ 50 3.2.2 CCD spectrometer: _______________________________________________________________53 4 Optimisation the Optical Quality of Photosystem II Enriched Membrane Fragment Samples.................................................................................................. 56 4.


Carbon nanosheets were synthesized on pyramidal Si(100) substrates without any catalyst in a microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition process. The average length and the growth time of carbon nanosheets were measured to be ∼300 nm and 10 min, equivalent to a growth rate of ∼30 nm min −1 . By replacing flat Si(100) with pyramidal Si(100) as the substrate, the field emission performance of carbon nanosheets was greatly improved. A low turn-on field of 3. 2V μm −1 and a high current density of 2. 5m A cm −2 at 7. 0V μm −1 , close to those of carbon nanotube emitters, were achieved. The improvement in field emission was attributed primarily to the pyramidal shape. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)


The objective of this paper is to explain the role of the River Road Transportation Management Association (River Road TMA) has in advocating and funding a current inter-state transit initiative. If successful, the initiative will result in an express bus service connection between the River Road TMA employment area in Massachusetts and select park-and-ride lots in New Hampshire. In the past, the River Road TMA successfully formed a public/private partnership to provide local bus service connecting the TMA employment area to a local transportation center and two local commuter rail stations. However, this current transit effort is unique in that it will require the support of and coordination between a myriad of public and private entities spanning two states.


Entanglement survives between spatially separated atoms of an atomic cloud after it expands Recent years have witnessed the beginning of the second quantum revolution, in which an impressive degree of control over quantum systems has led to several applications in quantum communication, computation, and sensing, along with new host materials reaching commercial success. A key driver behind many of these applications is entanglement, a form of correlation that can develop between quantum systems that is stronger than any type of correlation that can exist between the macroscopic systems we deal with in our everyday life. The creation, manipulation, storage, and detection of entanglement have posed some of the biggest challenges to quantum physicists. On pages 409, 413, and 416 of this issue, Fadel et al. (1), Kunkel et al. (2), and Lange et al. (3), respectively, describe three independent experiments in which entanglement is observed in a system composed of thousands of ultracold atoms. More importantly, the entanglement is observed between atoms occupying different spatial regions, which paves the way to new applications of these systems.


By ligating vector pAM1146, tobacco mosaic virus promoter 35S and fish growth hormone gene GH,an integrative expression vector named as pAMGH was constructed.pAMGH was transformed into Synechococcus sp.pcc7942 by natural transforming method.6 spectinomycin resistant and ampicillin sensitive colonies were screened out.The total DNA of these colonies were extracted and PCR using specific primers for the GH gene was taken out for further analysis.4 colonies were confirmed to have GH gene integrated into the chromosome of cyanobacterium7942.


In our modern society, computers are used in diverse areas for various applications, for example air traffic control, nuclear reactors, aircraft, real time military, industrial process control, and hospital patient monitoring systems. The functionality of computer operations becomes more essential and complicated. The critical software applications increase in size and complexity, there is a greater need for computer software reliability1.


Bean stem maggot (BSM) is one of the main threatening insect pests that cause significant bean plant mortalities and associated grain yield reductions. The field research work was conducted for three successive years (2018 - 2020) in Burji, southern Ethiopia, to decide the effects of insecticide seed treatment in reducing bean plant mortality and severity/damage caused by BSM and enhancing the grain yield of common bean. The research contained seven treatments and was arrayed in a randomized complete block design with three replicas. In 2018, the lowest seedling mortality (SM) (11.78%) and matured plant mortality (MPM) (21.89%) were registered from Diazinone-treated plots. However, it was not statistically varied from Thiram + Carbofuran (13.33% for SM and 22.22% for MPM). Bean seeds treated with Diazinon considerably reduced initial percent severity index (PSIi) by 79.79% and final percent severity index (PSIf) by 79.98%, followed by Thiram + Carbofuran with PSIi by 55.67% and PSIf by 76.98% over untreated plots. Lowest total number of larvae (TNL) (15.00 and 22.67) and pupae (TNP) (11.00 and 13.67) were noted from Diazinone and Thiram + Carbofuran, in that order. Comparable fashions for SM, MPM, PSIi, PSIf, TNL, and TNP were encountered for these insecticides in 2019 and 2020. Grain yields of 2229.37 and 2213.39 kg ha-1 (in 2018) and 2648.29 and 2503.20 kg ha-1 (in 2020) were attained from Diazinone and Thiram + Carbofuran, respectively. Monetary analysis also affirmed that Diazinone ($126,429.52 ha-1) and Thiram + Carbofuran ($122,241.67 ha-1) led to a higher monitory advantage over untreated control and other insecticides. Therefore, Diazinon and Thiram + Carbofuran, one of them as an alternative option, could be advised as a seed treatment to the growers for efficient control of BSM and optimization of grain yield.


Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Kruppel-like factor 4(KLF4) in the lung tissues of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group and a BLM group.The mice in the BLM group were given a single intratracheal injection of bleomycin(2.5 mg / kg),while those in the control group were injected with isodose physiological saline.The mice were sacrificed at the 12h and on the day 1,2,3,7,14 and 28,then HE stain and Masson's trichrome stain were used to detect the architecture of alveolar and the deposition of cellularity and collagen.Real time-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical technology were performed to investigate the expression of KLF4.Results In the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis,acute inflammation was observed on the day 1,2 and 3,the inflammation was exacerbated and the collagen deposition began to be observed on the day 7,the architecture of alveolar was destroyed and the collagen deposition was more obvious on the day 14,while the alveolar structure was nearly recovered to normal,and the inflammation and collagen deposition were attenuated on the day 28.The expression of KLF4 mRNA increased from the day 1,then decreased,arrived at the minimum on the day 3,and then gradually increased until the day 28.The trend of KLF4 protein expression showed roughly the same as the KLF4 mRNA level,which started to increase on the day 1,then decreased,arrived at the minimum on the day 3,then gradually increased until the day 14 and then decreased again.Conclusion The expressions of KLF4 mRNA and protein are dynamically changed in the process of experimental pulmonary fibrosis,suggesting KLF4 may contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.


BACKGROUND: in patients hospitalized for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), randomized controlled trials have demonstrated some advantages in starting sacubitril/valsartan before discharge. However, information about the effects of sacubitril/valsartan use in the acute phase of HfrEF hospitalizations is limited. AIM: To evaluate clinical, biomarker, and echocardiographic effects of starting sacubitril/valsartan in real-world HFrEF patients before discharge. METHODS: retrospective analysis of 124 consecutive patients (58.9% males, 75.6±11.4 years) hospitalized for HFrEF. In 36, sacubitril/valsartan was started before discharge (Group A); in the remaining 88, at the 1-month follow-up visit (Group B). The primary endpoint was time-averaged NT-proBNP level reduction from admission to discharge. RESULTS: Group A showed a worse baseline clinical risk profile (diabetes: 47.2 vs. 20.7%, p=0.007; coronary artery disease: 66.7 vs. 22.7%, p<0.001; systolic blood pressure: 118.0±20.8 vs. 132.9±22.9 mmHg, p=0.001; left ventricular ejection fraction: 28.5±5.5 vs. 32.1±7.6%, p<0.0004). Nevertheless, the time-averaged mean NT-proBNP reduction was significantly higher in group A patients (ratio of change -0.30, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.21, <0.0001 vs. group B). Creatinine and K+ levels did not change significantly during the hospital stay. Multivariate analysis suggested diabetes, coronary artery disease, higher systolic blood pressure, and the need for inotropic support as independent predictors for in-hospital sacubitril/valsartan treatment. CONCLUSIONS: in real-world patients, starting sacubitril/valsartan in-hospital rather than waiting for further stabilization was associated with a more considerable reduction of NT-proBNP levels at discharge, with an excellent safety profile. These data confirm randomized trials results, extending them to higher-risk real-world HFrEF patients.


In MRI studies of carotid plaques, ultrasound is used to find plaques, which are later imaged using MRI. The performance in plaque detection has not been compared between the modalities. The aim of the current study was to compare the performance of MRI and ultrasound in detecting carotid artery plaques and measuring extent of atherosclerosis.


Summitt takes a hands-on approach and walks users through every step of creating "cool Web sites"--from planning a site to promoting it to the masses. Written in the conversational tone for which he is famous, Creating Cool Web Sites provides practical advice on security issues, copyright concerns, gateway scripts, HTML, integration with Microsoft Network and Microsoft Office, and much more.


С- and O-isotope composition were evaluated in the 42 carbonate concretions and 9 shells from Paleogene — Neogene sequences of Western Kamchatka (Kvachina Bay). The overall range of the δ13C values in the concretions exceeds 40 ‰ (−29.0 … 14.7 ‰ PDB), and δ18О values — 15 ‰ (17.2 … 32.4 ‰ SMOW), whereas in shells these parameters vary insignificantly: δ13C from −2.8 to 2.3 ‰ and δ18О from 29.8 to 34.3 ‰). Concretions of lower Tigil formation (Eocene), composed of shallow-water sandstones and conglomerates, are characterised by low average δ13C (−12.2±8.0‰) and δ18О values (24.0±4.6‰) in comparison to concretions of upper Whitish Formation (Oligocene — Early Miocene) composed of deep-water siltstone and mudstone with ash layers (δ13C = 4.5±10.3 ‰, δ18О = 29.1±3.4 ‰). Difference in C- and O-isotope composition of diagenetic carbonates is caused by change in environment and postsedimentary transformation of organic matter. Wide range of the δ18О values in the concretions of Tigil formation is evidence of formation both in sea and in fresh water of a coastal zone, whereas medium low δ13C values allow us to assume that main source of carbon were products of oxidation of organic matter washed, probably, from the land. Steady high δ18О values in concretions of «Whitish» Formation show that formation occurred in deep-sea environment and at temperatures not above 5°С; high δ13C values suggest microbial fermentation of organic matter accompanied by release of 13С-depleted methane, and 13С-enriched CO2, which was conserved in the concretions.


In this paper, we construct three families of semigroup algebras using Puiseux monoids, recently-studied additive submonoids of $\mathbb{Q}$. The first family consists of semigroup algebras of certain atomic Puiseux monoids called primary. Properties of primary Puiseux monoids will allow us to show that the semigroup algebras they determine are atomic. The second family of algebras is constructed over a given algebraically closed field by using integrally closed Puiseux monoids. As we shall prove, the algebraically closedness of the field and the integrally closedness of the monoids ensure that the semigroup algebras they determine are antimatter Bezout domains. Then, we use a class of divisible Puiseux monoids to construct our last family of antimatter semigroup algebras over any perfect field of finite characteristic.


Objective To explore the effects of human recombinant growth hormone on the angiogenesis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ischemic myocardium of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats. Methods A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g) were subjected to left ascending coronary artery ligation. At 24 h after ligation, the survived rats were randomized to receive recombinant human growth hormone at the dose of 0.2 mg·kg -1·d -1(GH1, n=10) or 1.0 mg·kg -1·d -1 (GH2, n=10) or nothing (MI, n=11). The left rats (n=13) underwent thoracic incision without ligation of the left ascending coronary artery to serve as age-matched sham-operation controls (SO, n=13). The rats were sacrificed at 28 d after the injection. The effects of recombinant human growth hormone on collateral microvessel density were measured by immunohistochemical analysis using Ⅷ factor. VEGF expression in ischemic myocardium of acute myocardial infarction rats was observed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results As compared with the control animals at 28 d after ligation, GH treated rats had significantly higher expressions of VEGF, and a significantly higher collateral microvessel density. Conclusion Recombinant human growth hormone can promote the myocardial angiogenesis. The increased mRNA expression and protein synthesis of VEGF in ischemic myocardium of acute myocardial infarction rats may be one of the mechanisms.


Agent communication is one of the key technologies which determine whether the system can run efficiently. A kind of communication technology about Military Intelligent Operation Model based on MAS is put forward,as well as analyzing the system composing and communication mechanism of FIPA-ACL. The communication mode, strategy and protocol are confirmed, and the concrete method of implementation is presented.


The SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) virus has wide community spread. The aim of this study was to describe patient characteristics and to identify factors associated with COVID‐19 among emergency department (ED) patients under investigation for COVID‐19 who were admitted to the hospital.


E-commerce is an effective means for fund companies of changing depending on traditional distribution channels and building low-cost and self-controlled new marketing channels.How to expand fund sale and improve its sale efficiency is an increasing concerning question.After the comparison of two current internet trade models,it finds out that the bottleneck of constraining electronic marketing focuses on electronic payment and settlement.Finally,several suggestions are provided about how to effectively develop E-commerce and improve E-transaction level.


We developed several blue diode lasers and applied laser metal deposition one of the additive manufacturing technologies. This system has two laser modules, a focusing head, a powder feeder and a XYZ stage. Fiber couple direct diode laser module was guided to focusing head by optical fiber, which core diameter is 400 μm. In case pure copper layer formation with blue diode laser, the laser output power is 80 W, a scanning speed is 10 mm/s. A powder feed rate was varied from 14 to 80 mg/s. The stage was moved to the X direction. And In case pure copper rod formation with blue diode laser, the laser output power is 80 W and a scanning speed is 4 mm/s. A powder feed rate was varied from 14 to 80 mg/s. The stage was moved to the Z direction. Layer thickness was linearly increased to 40ms in all powder feed rate and the layer formation rate was gradually decreased over 40ms. An average slope Δspeed = 4 mm/s at 40 ms is obtained. From this, it is considered that pure copper rod can be formed by pulling upward at 4 mm/s. Based on the results obtained from copper layer, pure copper was stacked upward (direction Z) to form a pure copper wire. The result as expected was obtained by raising the speed at 4 mm/s. And since a thin molten pool was formed only in a limited area, it was observed that the molten pool was piled up without melting. It was confirmed that the flying powder adhered without melting. And thereafter, it was melted to form a rod. It was confirmed that there were no pore in pure copper rod.


East Asia, a very diverse region, presents a variety of data protection systems, and very different levels of privacy protection. In each country, the role of the private sector in the data protection system varies so extensively, that it reveals the specificity of the region, and allows for a proposal that would result in more protection of privacy in the region. This article surveys the different data protection systems in place, and offers to foster their development by presenting the pro-business aspects of the data protection laws.


The debt of Swedish households seems to be a subject that never becomes irrelevant. Lending is a great benefit for the economy but high lending can also cause major problems for the individual hous ...


mmWave communication typically resorts to beamforming in order to overcome the unfavorable propagation conditions in the high frequency bands. The directional transmission established using beamforming is beneficial also in terms of reducing the effective channel impulse response (CIR) and, correspondingly, the required guard periods in a block transmission scheme. While this effect has been investigated in the literature for the single stream case, in this paper we analyse the shortening of the effective multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) channel impulse response in a mmWave multistream transmission. It is shown that even though the complete effective MIMO channel impulse response might be relatively long, smart time delaying of streams sent over different physical paths can exploit the sparsity of the mmWave channel in the temporal-angular domain, and result in significant CIR shortening. In this way, guard period reduction can be achieved, with the overhead approaching that of the single stream case.


The affinities of Smith′s invisible hand notion and Hegel′s cunning
of reason are examined through a study of all the key locations in which
the invisible hand and cunning of reason are introduced. Despite their
differences in orientation and philosophy, both writers reach similar
conclusions regarding the play of self‐interest and the emergence of the
social good. Specifically, each requires a deus ex machina
– Providence or Geist – to generate the necessary
telosthat supplements their respective logical arguments
concerning the concrete play of interest. At the same time, each view
provides little to explain how individualism creates the greater social
good, so that recourse in each argument to an extra‐social entity
obscures the actual functioning of the social order. The common
approaches of the two very different thinkers thus reflects on the
general requirements and dilemmas of arguments concerning the social
good and individual interest.


1. Rat type‐C natriuretic peptide (CNP) has been studied for its effects on the neurogenically induced overflow of adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5′‐diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5‐monophosphate (AMP), adenosine (ADO) and noradrenaline (NA) in endothelium‐free segments of rat isolated tail artery. The overflow of each was evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) of 0.5 ms pulses at 8 Hz for 3 min and the amount of ATP, ADP, AMP and ADO was quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐fluorescent detection, while the amount of NA was quantified by HPLC‐electrochemical detection.