In 2012 Department of Primary Industries and Mines(DPIM) worked together with Siam City Concrere Company (SCCO) to up grade the by-product from construction sand washing plant to silica sand grade in the glass industry by the minieral processing technology. SCCO produces the byproducts sand about 200,000 ton per year. The by-products sand would be the land-filled sand which is the low price. On the other hand, the silica sand production to supply the glass and bottle industry is decline continously. Because of the problem in process of mining license and the permission of land owner. The experiment study of the upgrading quality of the by-product from construction sand process in lab scale found that the significant factors are quantity/size of deposit, quality and chemical compositions of by-product. The analysis of physical and chemical compositions of by-product shows this deposit having sand and impurities. There are pebble and coarse sand (size more than 30 mesh) approximately 10%, sand size smaller than 30 mesh about 70%, and fine dust (smaller than 65 mesh) 20% . The considering impurities are iron feldspar and mica. The design processing is composes of the screen impurities separation, the reduction of %Fe and by the scrubber and spiral concentrator. The experiment in lab scale found that the selected mineral process can upgrade the quality of by-product having size, quality and chemical compositions in standard specification of silica sand using in glass and bottle industries.


Described in its Long Title as existing "for the protection of consumers" and, judicially, in Southern Pacific v Walker1 as having been passed "to protect consumers of credit, an aim which accounts for its substantive content and conditions its judicial interpretation",2 the 1974 Consumer Credit Act has been the focus of considerable and, arguably unjustified, criticism. Despite this, its role remains central as financial products become ever more complex and consumerism more rampant, as recently acknowledged in Rankine v American Express Services Europe Limited,4 where H. H. Judge Simon Brown QC commented on the need for the legislation to "protect the individual unsophisticated in financial affairs in contracts with unscrupulous and sophisticated financial institutions".5


The cluster-based web server is cost-effective to be used in a popular web site. To balance the load of servers in a cluster and get better performance, many researches focus on the content-aware request distribution policies that take into account the content of requests in distributing requests from clients to servers. In this paper, we have proposed a content-aware request distribution policy called Hybrid Locality-Aware Request Distribution policy (HyLARD). This policy mainly combines the advantages of the well-known locality-aware request distribution (LARD) policy and LARD with replication (LARD/R) policy, to improve the cache hit rates in servers' RAM while maximizing the utilization of servers' RAM. Besides, it also reduces the excessive multiple handoffs on persistent connections and improves load balancing on the server cluster. We have implemented it in the Linux Virtual Server with content-aware dispatching (LVS-CAD) Platform.


An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of treatment. Natural (fresh and raw) fruits, like grapes are fully loaded with phenolic compounds that are anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-carcinogenic, cartilage-protective, and anti-aging properties. Resveratrol, a type of natural phenol, found in grapes, modulates the blood glucose response by effecting how the body secretes and uses insulin. This compound also improves the endothelial function.1 Some studies have revealed that polyphenol administration improves insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats and patients with T2D. Dietary polyphenols have been suggested to lower the risk of T2D.2 Hence grapes that are rich in polyphenols is a good choice for diabetes patients keeping its nutritional profile in mind. It can be very well used for cancer prevention.


The sloshing response is crucial to the design and operation of aquaculture vessels and affects the safety of the culture equipment and the efficiency of the culture operation. A 1/50 scaled model was utilized to investigate the coupled sloshing response characteristics of a novel aquaculture vessel in a wave basin. Two wave directions (beam and head wave) and two filling levels (81.5% and 47.4%) are taken into account. The time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of the sloshing response under the linear regular wave and extreme operational sea state were investigated using regular wave tests and irregular wave tests, respectively. The sloshing mechanism in the aquaculture tanks is complicated, due to the coupling effect between external waves, ship motion, and internal sloshing. In linear regular waves, the wave frequency mode dominates the sloshing response, which is larger under beam wave conditions than under head wave conditions and larger under half load conditions than full load conditions. The irregular wave test results confirmed the regular wave test conclusions, but the sloshing response has stronger nonlinearity, higher natural modes appeared, and the amplitude of the higher natural modes is also relatively larger.


Effects of day and night temperatures on the growth and the tuber formation of Sandersonia aurantiaca plants were investigated. Seedlings with 1 or 2 leaves were transferred to growth chambers, controlled at day/night temperatures of 17/12°C, 24/17°C, and 30/24°C under natural daylength. On plants kept at 30/24°C, the unfolding of leaves, stem elongation, and the branching from the main stem were enhanced, whereas those at 17/12°C were retarded. At 24/17°C, intermediate vegetative growth and optimum growth for flower stalk elongation and flowering were educed. At the time of shoot die back, the fresh and dry weights of new tubers were greatest at 24/17°C, moderate at 30/24°C, and smallest at 17/12°C. At 17/12°C and 24/17°C, normal fingerlike or fork shaped tubers developed, while at 30/24°C, secondary tubers formed and developed. These results indicate that 24/17°C is optimum for tuber and flower development of sandersonia plants.


Abstract This article re-evaluates the 22 so-called Tabulae Iliacae. Where most scholars (especially in the English-speaking world) have tended to dismiss these objects as 'trivial' and 'confused', or as 'rubbish' intended for the Roman 'nouveaux riches', this article relates them to the literary poetics of the Hellenistic world, especially Greek ecphrastic epigram. Concentrating on the tablets' verbal inscriptions, the article draws attention to three epigraphic features in particular. First, it explores the various literary allusivenesses of the two epigrammatic invocations inscribed on tablets 1A and 2NY; second, it examines the Alexandrian diagrammatic word-games on the reverse of seven Tabulae (2NY, 3C, 4N, 5O, 7Ti, 15Ber, 20Par), relating these to the pictorial-poetic games of the Greek technopaegnia; third, it discusses the possible hermeneutic significance of associating six tablets with 'Theodorean techne' (1A, 2NY, 3C, 4N, 5O, 20Par), comparing a newly discovered epigram by Posidippus (67 A-B). All of these allusions point to a much more erudite purpose and clientele: the tablets toyed with Hellenistic visual-verbal relations at large.


Preface By Way of Introduction PART I In My Study: Beyond the Subject and Object A Breath of Fresh Air Intermezzo Wayfaring Darkness in Todtnauberg PART II Leaving You and Not Quite Leaving You Sunlight on My Arm Notes References Appendix: Some Controversies in the Interpretation of Being and Time Index


A yeast identified as Hansenula anomala var. schneggii was found capable of reducing quininone to quinidine in 50% yields in 7 days of fermentation.


The root cause of the low utilization efficiency of water resources and the increasing pollution in aquaculture is the scarcity of water resources and the environment externality has not been embodied fully.In accordance with the resource characteristic of the aquaculture waters,the evaluation model of the aquaculture waters has been established.In which,the resource water price(P1) uses shadow price of the water resources and the environmental externality used to ensure the environmental water price(P2).At the mean time,how to use the evaluation model of the aquaculture water way and mode has been discussed.The aquaculture water price of the freshwater pond in Shanghai in 2008 was calculated according to the evaluation model of the aquaculture water.In which,the component of the resource water price(P1) is 3.07 Yuan,the environment water price(P2) is 0.61 Yuan,the conversion factor(r)is 0.95,the price of per ton is calculated to be 3.65 Yuan.


Dietary intake and biochemical parameters of nutrition status of pig-breeders in Omsk region was studied. The diet of the examined group of pig-breeders was found disbalanced in the most of components. In particular, deficient in all investigated vitamins was revealed.


India suffers from gender inequity in education, employment, marriage, and healthcare; violence against women is at high and gender bias is prevalent even in premier institutes in India. There are instances of discrimination, mental torture or harassment at work place and women suffer from psychological trauma or ill mental health. The incidents of gang rape and brutal torture to women and girls continue to make the headlines of Indian newspapers and televisions. Furthermore, there is gender discrimination in healthcare; while e-health technology can tailor the services to the specific needs of the women this promise is yet to explore in its full potential. Although the scope of Information and Communication Technology use in healthcare (e-health) is very wide but its usage and penetration level is still low especially among women in India. The author reviews the current status of gender health, advocates health literacy, use of e-health tools and strategies to prioritise women and girls' healthcare in or...


Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a notoriously hard to treat and aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtype. Androgen receptor-positive (AR+) TNBC is characterized by AR overexpression and sensitivity to AR antagonists. In contrast, basal-like TNBC lacking AR expression, also known as quadruple-negative breast cancer (QNBC), is refractory to AR antagonists. Women of African descent are predisposed to TNBC. Moreover, QNBC differences between African American (AA) and European American (EA) patients have been noted, with the former expressing distinct basal and immune signatures and having worse outcomes. Although AR testing is not part of standard BC diagnosis and the QNBC subtype is usually reported as TNBC, QNBC may have distinct biological and clinical characteristics. In this study, we examined the prevalence and clinical characteristics of QNBC.Methods: We immunohistochemically evaluated AR expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded TNBC samples (n=760) from our multi-institutional cohorts across the US and Nigeria. Samples with ≥1% AR-positive nuclei were deemed AR-positive. Descriptive statistics were generated for clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analyses were performed to compare overall survival (OS) between patient groups with a different AR status. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to select the covariates (a≥0.20 removal criterion). AR mRNA levels in patients with BC were evaluated using RNA-seq data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) BRCA dataset was used to assess AR protein levels.Results: We found an association between African ancestry and AR loss. QNBC accounted for 92.1% of BCs in Africans, 82.4% in AAs, and only 39.8% in EAs. Similarly, analyses of RNA-seq data from TCGA revealed that tumors in AAs with TNBC (n=32) had lower AR mRNA levels than their EA counterparts (n=67). Consistently, AR protein levels in TNBC tumors were lower in AAs than in EAs. Univariate analyses revealed a significant association between QNBC status and high tumor grade (grade 3: 83.02% vs. 66.41%, p<0.001) and high expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 (≥14%: 85.41 vs. 75.51%, p=0.022) in patients from our multi-institutional cohorts. Race-wise associations showed a non-significant trend of QNBCs in AAs toward higher tumor grade (85.65% vs. 80.27%, p=0.196) and Ki67 expression levels (87.77% vs. 81.06%, p=0.113) compared with QNBCs in EAs. Compared with EAs with QNBC, a higher proportion of AAs with QNBC aged ≤56 (59.17% AAs vs. 45.7 EAs, p=0.011) and had tumors >2 cm (60.88% AAs vs. 45.65% EAs, p=0.075). KM survival analyses indicated that patients with QNBC had worse outcomes than those with TNBC, with significant differences in women of African descent (p<0.05). Furthermore, a race-wise comparison uncovered that while AA and EA patients with TNBC displayed similar OS, AAs with QNBCs had worse OS than their EA counterparts (p=0.03). Finally, we stratified samples in the TCGA BC dataset (n=920) according to AR mRNA levels into AR-low (n=243) and AR-high groups (n=677) and found that among patients in the AR-low subgroup, AAs (n=90) had significantly worse OS than EAs (n=153; p=0.008). No significant differences in OS were observed within the AR-high group (p=0.93).Conclusion: Our findings suggest a strong association between AR loss and African descent. These data offer compelling evidence to support that racial BC disparities in the US lie within the QNBC subgroup rather than the TNBC subtype. These findings also suggest that the widening BC mortality gap between AAs and EAs essentially whittles down to a failure to characterize the QNBC subtype.
 Citation Format: Shristi Bhattarai, Geetanjali Saini, Manali Rupji, Justin Luningham, Ravi C. Turaga, Uma Krishnamurti, Xiaoxian (Bill) Li, Johnson Agboola, Murtala Abubakar, Haruna A. Nggada, Abidemi Omonisi, Saad A. Ahmed, Luciane Cavalli, Ritu Aneja. Racial disparities in breast cancer chiefly reside in the lesser-known quadruple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-31.


Abstract : The U.S. Army is exploring a variety of armament propulsion options for indirect- and direct-fire weapons to be employed in the legacy force and for the Future Combat System (FCS). Development of propelling charges for these weapons requires state-of-the-art physics-based modeling codes. The gun propulsion-modeling environment has traditionally been one in which independently developed and upgraded computer codes were used to analyze different propulsion techniques. with no single maintainable code able to evaluate several candidate system. This situation rendered comparison of ballistic performance for various weapon options cumbersome and inconclusive. In direct response to this situation. the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has developed a "next-generation" computer scaleable. three-dimensional, multi-phase, computational fluid dynamics code for armament propulsion (interior ballistics) modeling.


FIELD: computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to computer engineering. Method of masking end of life transition of an electronic device, wherein before execution of current command by microprocessor, value of end of life state variable loaded in random access memory of nonvolatile memory is checked; in case of an empty value, executing operation of transition to the end of life; in case of non-null value continuing initialisation of current command; after detecting attack intrusion, recording said end of life state variable in only random access memory and continuing initialisation of current command; performing operation for only removal of end of life state variable in nonvolatile memory, suspended so that operation is performed instead of next update operation, performing operation for only removal consists in installation of an empty end of life state variable value, operation for only removal is a removal phase, after which recording phase does not follow. EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of characteristics of masking end of life transition of an electronic device while maintaining level of safety. 9 cl, 7 dwg


Introduction: We have conducted melting experiments on liquids predicted to be in equilibrium with ureilites to explore the phase relations of the smelting reaction and understand the relations between ureilites. Correlations of modal mineralogy, mineral chemistry and texture are consistent with smelting as a major process involved in ureilite petrogenesis [1]. Although ureilites resemble igneous rocks their mode of origin remains controversial. The competing hypotheses include origin as products of fractional crystallization, residues of partial melting, or a nebular origin. Previous experiments provided support for the hypothesis that ureilites are the residues of a partial melting/smelting event that began just as augite was exhausted from the residue [2]. Ureilites are comprised of ~90% anhedral olivine and pyroxene and <10% dark interstitial material consisting of a mixture of silicates, carbon, metal, carbides and sulfides [3]. The mg# (100*molar Mg/[Mg+Fe]) of olivine in ureilites varies from 75 to 95. Here we present new experimental data on the low mg# end of the ureilite suite. In addition to systematic variations in mg#, the ureilites can be divided into subgroups based on pyroxene occurrence. The majority of ureilites consist of the assemblage olivine + pigeonite + carbonaceous matrix; the remaining ureilites contain olivine ± pigeonite ± augite ± opx [4]. Methods and Results: Previous experiments were conducted in the pressure range of 50 to 125 bars, temperatures of 1200 to 1260°C and below the IW buffer [2]. The experiments were successful in reproducing a ureilite-type mineral assemblage of olivine-pigeonite-metal, however the mg#s of the experimentally produced phases were restricted to the middle mg# range of that displayed by the ureilites. The experiments were conducted using the composition of a liquid calculated to be in equilibrium with an average ureilite (grey circle in Figure 1) In order to explore smelting phase relation space more fully, we have recalculated the liquid composition for subsets of the ureilite population based on mg#. Here we report experimental results using a liquid composition calculated to be in equilibrium with the low mg# ureilites. Experiments were also conducted with the liquid composition plus 20 wt% Fo75 (yellow square in Figure 1) and with 5 wt% clinopyroxene (yellow triangle in Figure 1). The calculated liquid composition (yellow circle in Figure 1) plots to the right of the Cpx-Opx join and below that of the average calculated liquid of [2] (grey circle in Figure 1). Application to Ureilites: Partial smelting of ureilite bulk compositions would produce a melt at the olivine + pigeonite + augite reaction point. As the extent of smelting increases, the liquid composition moves up the olivine-pigeonite boundary. The compositions of the liquids (both calculated and experimental) indicate that augite was initially present in the residue but exhausted early and that the low mg# pigeonite-bearing ureilites have experienced greater extents of partial smelting. Monomict pigeonite-olivine ureilite bulk compositions fall to the left of the Cpx-Opx join in the Olivine-ClinopyroxeneQuartz ternary diagram and would be in equilibrium with a liquid on the olivine – pigeonite reaction boundary. This result stands in contrast to our previous finding that the average ureilite residue composition was near saturation with olivine + pigeonite + augite. Previous experiments [5] led to the suggestion that the low mg# ureilites originated at greater depth in the ureilite parent body than the high mg# samples. Our current experiments and petrologic modeling support a similar range of depths for ureilite smelting, but also indicate that the shallower, high mg# ureilites represent smelting at a high temperature (~1290 C), while the lower mg# ureilites represent smelting at ~ 1200 C. This reverse correlation in temperature vs. depth also extends to smelting extent. The low mg#, lower temperature and presumably deeper ureilites also appear to represent higher extents of partial smelting than an average ureilite. This apparent contradiction in smelting amount and major element composition may be Ol Cpx


A correlation between the measured alpha particle loss and high frequency (~100-200 kHz) modes has been observed in some high β (=plasma pressure/magnetic pressure) DT plasmas in TFTR. These modes are localized around the peak plasma pressure gradient and have ballooning characteristics. An enhancement of 30% in the alpha particle loss correlated with a bursting mode and a factor of 2 enhancement correlated with multiple modes are observed. Linear instability analysis and particle simulation show that the plasma is unstable to the kinetic MHD ballooning modes and the loss is due to wave-particle resonances. PACS numbers: 52.55.Pi, 52.35.Py, 52.65.+z (Revised version to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett. Jan 22, 1996. ) 2 Study of MHD effects on alpha particle confinement is one of the most important subjects in the recent deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion research in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). It has been theoretically predicted [1] that energetic alpha particles ( Eα o(<,~) 3.5 MeV) can either drive or resonate with plasma MHD fluctuations. This kind of wave-particle interaction can induce direct alpha loss and therefore has a potentially important impact on present and future fusion tokamak devices. In a recent high β, high power DT experiment [2], good correlation was found between high frequency MHD modes and the measured alpha losses. A general study of the high frequency MHD modes in normal TFTR supershot plasmas can be found in Ref.[3]. This paper will focus on the first observation of the alpha particle losses correlated with these modes. Figure 1 shows one of the highest performance discharges achieved using intensive Lithium wall-conditioning[2]. Some measured parameters are (in conventional notation): I p=2.1 MA, Bt= 5.1 T, PB=21 MW, R=2.52 m, a=0.87 m, q a ~ 4.6, τE ~ 0.28 sec, T i(0) ~ 38 keV, Te(0) ~ 12 keV, ne(0) ~8.2x1019 m-3 , Pfusion ~5.5 MW, βN ~ 1.7. Large bursts of alpha loss as well as large fluctuations in the lost-alpha signal are observed around the peak performance phase as shown in Fig. 1(c). The alpha loss is measured by a detector located at the bottom of the limiter chamber ( 90 o detector) [4]. It is found that these bursts (at t=4.3 , 4.4 and 4.46 sec) correspond to bursts of the high frequency MHD modes and lead to a performance degradation (for details, see Ref.[2]). This discharge suffered a highβ minor disruption at 4.55 sec, which terminated the enhanced confinement phase. This indicates that the plasma was near the beta limit. The high frequency MHD modes are observed at the peak performance phase ( t=4.20 4.55 sec). They are detected by the multichannel ECE polychromator arrays [5] and by the external magnetic probes [6]. According to their different characteristics, the high frequency modes can be further divided into two different modes in this discharge. One is the multi-frequency quasicontinuous mode observed during the burst of alpha loss, e.g. , the t 1 window in Fig. 1. The other one is the bursting (or intermittent) mode observed between the alpha bursts, e.g. ,the t 2 window in Fig. 1. (1) Multi-frequency quasi-continuous modes Figure 2(a) shows the contour plot of the frequency spectrum of δTe measured from an ECE channel ( R~ 300 cm or r/a~ 0.34 ). Multi-frequency quasi-continuous modes with frequency up to 250 kHz are observed. They correlate with an enhance3 ment of a factor of 2 above the background level in the lostα signal. Here, the background loss is mainly from the first orbit loss [4], which is about 3% of the total alpha production rate. The measured escaping alpha particles have energy close to 3.5 MeV. Time evolution traces of the α -loss signal and different modes ( n=3, 6, 7, 8, 9 ) are shown in Fig. 2(b). Here, the toroidal mode numbers n=3, 6, 7 are measured from the magnetic coils. The rest are extrapolated based on the frequency spacing of the modes. Calculation of linear cross correlation coefficient C shows that the fluctuations in the α -loss signal correlate better with the n=6 and 8 modes. Here, the correlation coefficient C between series x i and yi is defined as C≡ φ(Σi(xi-o(,x))(yi-o(,y)),r(Σi(xi-o(,x))2)r(Σi(yi-o(,y))2)) , (1) where o( -,x) and o( -,y) are the means. For the specified time window, we found that C~ 0.27 for n=6 , 0.34 for n=8 , 0.15 for n=7 , 0.05 for n=9, and 0.02 for n=3. This result seems to indicate that the n=6 and 8 modes play a dominant role in the waveparticle interaction process despite the fact that other modes have comparable fluctuation amplitudes. Among the four alpha loss detectors located at different poloidal angles, 20 o, 45o , 60o, and 90o below the outer midplane, the loss bursts can be seen in the bottom three detectors but only the 90 o detector shows the correlation described above. This correlation becomes much clearer in the following bursting mode case. (2) Bursting mode Between the large loss bursts, the 90 o detector also shows some lower level intermittent loss enhancement. It is found that these oscillations correlate very well with a bursting mode. Figure 3(a) shows the same δT frequency spectrum contour plot. Only two modes are observed with n=3 and 6 (plus a very weak mode at ~200 kHz). These n numbers measured by the magnetic coils are verified by the phase correlation analysis between the two ECE grating arrays located 120 o apart toroidally. In addition, the phase symmetry of the modes measured on the inner and the outer mode locations indicates that both the n=6 and n=3 modes have even poloidal mode numbers ( m ). The n=6 mode is bursting in time. A drop of ~ 14% in mode frequency is also seen on each burst. It is somewhat analogous to the beam-ion-driven fishbone mode ( m=1 , n=1 ) routinely observed in TFTR NB-heated supershots [8], except for having much higher mode numbers and frequency. Figure 3(b) shows the time evolution of 4 the lostα signal and the MHD modes. A very good correlation (with C~ 0.63 ) is observed between this bursting n=6 mode and the alpha loss. Each burst corresponds to a ~ 30% enhancement in the α -loss signal at the 90 o detector, or about 1% of the alpha birth rate. In contrast, the lower frequency n=3 mode shows a negative correlation with the alpha loss ( C~ -0.39 ). Since both of the modes appear at the same spatial location, this selective correlation is evidence of frequency-dependent wave-particle resonance. The radial mode structure measured by the ECE system is shown in Fig. 4(a) for the n=6 and n=3 modes. A ballooning character is clearly seen in the n=6 mode, i.e. , the mode amplitude is stronger in the low B field side ( R>R 0 ) than the high B field side. The maximum δTe/Te at R~ 300 cm ( r/a~0.34 ) is ~ 2% . The bursting n=6 mode is observed in three ECE channels. The channel-to-channel separation is about 5-6 cm, so the mode width is about δ r o(<,~) 12 cm or δr/a~ 0.14 . It covers q~ 1.1-1.5. In the multi-frequency case the highn modes have a narrower width, i.e., δr~ 8 cm or δr/a~ 0.09 . Using a transport analysis code (TRANSP [7]) we found that these modes are located at the peak value of αtot, see Fig. 4(b). Here, αtot is a measure of the plasma pressure gradient defined as αtot=-R0q2dβtot/dr , (2) where βtot is the total plasma toroidal beta (thermal plasma plus beam ions), R 0 is the magnetic axis location. The corresponding parameter for the alpha species is αα= -R0q2dβα/dr which is also shown in Fig. 4(b). The safety factor profile is from a TRANSP calculation. The q value at the mode location is ~ 1.3 . Therefore, the best helical mode numbers that match the even parity from the ECE measurement discussed above are respectively m/n=8/6 and m/n=4/3 . This TRANSP q profile is also partly justified by the agreement between the q=1 surface and the measured inversion radius of the minor disruption at 4.55 sec. The mode amplitude in terms of δBr/B0 can be estimated using the relationship δBr/B0 ~ (1/qR)| δTe/∇Te| (since B.∇ ~ B/ qR for the ballooning mode). Using Fig. 4(a) we find that the n=6 mode has δBr/B0 ~ O(10-4) . The mode frequency in the plasma frame can be calculated by subtracting out the toroidal rotation frequency, i.e. , ωMHD=ωLab-ωVφ , (3) 5 where ωVφ =(n/R)Vφ , n is the toroidal mode number, and R is the mode location. Using the Vφ (R) profile measured from the Charge-Exchange Spectroscopy we find that ωVφ(n=6) ~ 2π (47± 5kHz) . Therefore, the mode frequency in the plasma frame is ωMHD ~ 2π (88± 5kHz). (3) Particle loss simulation An alpha particle orbit lost to a detector can be traced back into the plasma by using the measured particle energy, pitch angle and equilibrium parameters such as the q profile. Figure 5(a) shows such an orbit. We see that particles that escape to the 90 o detector arrive on barely trapped banana orbits. The location of the high frequency mode is around the inner excursion of the banana orbit, which supports the physical assumption that the alpha particles are expelled by the MHD modes. A guiding center code [9] was used to simulate the mode-induced particle loss. We use the experimentally observed parameters: m = 8 , n = 6 , f= 80 kHz and use δBr/B0 = 2x 10-4 . The particle distribution is a Monte-Carlo generated alpha particle slowing-down distribution, isotropic in pitch angle, with a Gaussian radial profile taken to approximate the experimental conditions. An example of induced loss of the type seen by the detector is shown in Fig. 5(b). The lost particles are counter moving (opposite to the plasma current direction) passing particles initially located at a smaller minor radius. The wave-particle resonance condition in the plasma frame can be written as n φ-mdθ-ωMHD t=const. , where md = m, m±1. For a counter moving passing particle, φ =-ωt t , θ =-ωt t/q , where ωt ~ |v|||/R is the toroidal transit frequency. The resonant condition becomes ωMHD~ (md/q-n)ωt. (4) The case shown in Fig. 5(b) has a resonance with m d=7 . The simulation shows that the particle spends only a small fraction


Accurate early diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative conditions is essential for effective disease management and treatment. This research develops automatic methods for detecting brain imaging preclinical biomarkers for olfactory dysfunction in early stage Parkinson's disease (PD) by considering the novel application of evolutionary algorithms. Classification will be applied to PD patients with severe hyposmia, patients with no/mild hyposmia, and healthy controls. An additional novel element is the use of evolutionary algorithms to map and predict the functional connectivity using rs-fMRI. Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) will be used to classify dynamic causal modelling (DCM) data as well as timeseries data. The findings will be validated using two other commonly used classification methods (ANN and SVM) and by employing k-fold cross-validation. Developing methods for identifying early stage PD patients with hyposmia is relevant since current methods of diagnosing early stage PD have low reliability and accuracy. Furthermore, exploring the performance of CGP relative to other methods is crucial given the additional benefits it provides regarding easy classifier decoding. Hence, this research underscores the potential relevance of DCM analyses for classification and CGP as a novel classification tool for brain imaging data with medical implications for disease diagnosis, particularly in early stages.


The use of fiberglass reinforced plastics (FPR), manufactured in polyester or epoxy, has been explored by a number of petroleum offshore operators as an alternative to steel, principally due to the resistance to corrosion of these materials. In addition, their relative light weight facilitates handling and installation that is particularly beneficial for retrofit applications. The structural integrity of traditional FRP components in corrosive environments is usually dependent on the integrity of a corrosion‐resistant barrier, such as a resin‐rich layer containing corrosion resistant glass fibers. In this paper, the case study investigated by the authors provide the example of a failure that can occur in acidizing operations with mixtures of hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid. Therefore, fiberglass is susceptible to damage modes such as resin cracking, fiber breakage, delamination and chemical corrosion. The paper illustrates the attack of hydrofluoric acid (HF) that penetrates in the porosities or cracks and attacks the fiberglass (SiO2), resulting, consequently, in the loss of the mechanical properties of the material.


In this paper we construct an asymptotic for resonance of a wave function associated with the Klein-Gordon equation in presence of a potential barrier. To achieve this, we reduce the main differential equation to an integral equation using Green's function, Fourier transform and Neumann series. Mathematics Subject Classification: 34A34, 34C25


In this paper a multi (seven and nine) level inverter and DC-DC converter with less number of switches for solar power utilities. The seven level inverter has six switches in the main circuit and one high frequency switch for switching at any time to generate seven level output and the nine level inverter has only seven switches. This reduces overall Total Harmonic Distortion, switching loss and improves the output power and efficiency. The control circuit in this paper is simple by balancing the voltage automatically. The necessary simulation results are explained in detail. Keywords—DC-DC converter, multilevel inverter, solar power utilities and MATLAB/Simulink.


There has been a renewed interest in recent years in the general area of acoustics and noise. The impetus has come from an increasing public awareness of the noise environment in our residential and industrial areas. As the economy has grown so have the number and the "density" of noise producing machines and, at the same time, the noise generated by these machines has been increasing. Prime examples are aircraft noise and highway noise.


Summary The ratio between the sucrose and inulin permeability coefficients of the hind limb capillaries in dogs was 2.53 ± 1.65 (S.D., n = 45). This value is not significantly different from the ratio between the free diffusion coefficients and is considerably lower than the figure given by Pappenheimer and coworkers. The implication of our results is that the pore model of the hind limb capillaries must be reformulated to explain the fact that "diffusion restriction" seems not to occur.


National Transportation Safety Board air carrier records for 1964-1975 show 68 accidents involving clear air turbulence (CAT). One hundred eighty-four persons were injured and there were thirty-six fatalities. Most aircraft involved were jets and most accidents occurred between 31,000 and 35,000 feet in normal cruise. CAT forecasting was not particularly accurate. The airlines have suffered severe economic penalties, probably in excess of $23,000,000 annually. It is concluded that more accurate and timely CAT forecasts are needed; CAT detection systems, airborne and ground-based are needed, and real-time weather data are required on the ground and particularly in the cockpit. /Author/


Writing involves a complex series of actions. Children have to think of a message and hold it in the mind. Then they have to think of the first word and how to start it, remember each letter form and its features, and manually reproduce the word letter by letter. Having written that first word (or an approximation), the child must go back to the whole message, retrieve it, and think of the next word. Through writing, children are manipulating and using symbols, and in the process learning how written language works. (Fountas & Pinnell, 1996, p. 14-15)


We have introduced a fast and versatile computer code, GG CHEM , to determine the chemical composition of gases in thermo-chemical equilibrium down to 100K, with or without equilibrium condensation. We have reviewed the data for molecular equilibrium constants, k p ( T ), from several sources and discussed which functional fits are most suitable for low temperatures. We benchmarked our results against another chemical equilibrium code. We collected Gibbs free energies, ∆ G ◦− f , for about 200 solid and liquid species from the NIST-JANAF database and the geophysical database SUPCRTBL. We discussed the condensation sequence of the elements with solar abundances in phase equilibrium down to 100K. Once the major magnesium silicates Mg 2 SiO 4 [s] and MgSiO 3 [s] have formed, the dust to gas mass ratio jumps to a value of about 0.0045 which is significantly lower than the often assumed value of 0.01. Silicate condensation is found to increase the carbon to oxygen ratio (C/O) in the gas from its solar value of ∼ 0.55 up to ∼ 0.71, and, by the additional intake of water and hydroxyl into the solid matrix, the formation of phyllosilicates at temperatures below ∼ 400K increases the gaseous C/O further to about 0.83. Metallic tungsten (W) is the first condensate found to become thermodynamically stable around 1600–2200K (depending on pressure), several hundreds of Kelvin before subsequent materials such as zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ) or corundum (Al 2 O 3 ) can condense. We briefly discuss whether tungsten, despite its low abundance of ∼ 2 × 10 − 7 times the silicon abundance, could provide the first seed particles for astrophysical dust formation.


In this paper, we apply the general theory of tensor products of modules for a vertex operator algebra developed in [HL1]–[HL6] and [H1]–[H2] to the case of the Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten models (WZNW models) and related models in conformal field theory. Together with these papers, this paper, among other things, completes the solution of the open problem of constructing the desired braided tensor category structure on the category of finite direct sums of standard (integrable highest weight) modules of a fixed positive integral level k for an affine Lie algebra ĝ. Here we call this category, which is particularly important from the viewpoint of conformal field theory and related mathematics, the category generated by the standard ĝ-modules of level k ∈ Z+. In [MS], Moore and Seiberg discovered among other things that if one assumes that the standard ĝ-modules of level k give a rational conformal field theory, then the category generated by these standard modules has a natural braided tensor category structure (as defined in [JS]). In fact, the main assumption needed in the genus-zero part of their work is the existence of a suitable operator product expansion of chiral vertex operators. This is essentially equivalent to assuming the associativity of intertwining operators, in the language of vertex operator algebra theory. The work [MS] being focused on the problem of classification and not construction of conformal field theories, there was no attempt in [MS] to prove the existence of the operator product expansion of chiral vertex operators or to construct conformal field theories associated to ĝ and k. As far as we know, the associativity of intertwining operators (or the existence of the operator


With the focus on ensuring equity in collecting the right amount of tax from individual partners of partnerships, the ATO now has a framework to apply.


This paper presents robust control synthesis techniques for uncertain dynamical systems subject to structured parameter perturbation. Both QFT (quantitative feedback theory) and H-infinity control synthesis techniques are investigated. Although most H-infinity-related control techniques are not concerned with the structured parameter perturbation, a new way of incorporating the parameter uncertainty in the robust H-infinity control design is presented. A generic model of uncertain dynamical systems is used to illustrate the design methodologies investigated in this paper. It is shown that, for a certain noncolocated structural control problem, use of both techniques results in nonminimum phase compensation.


This paper reports on investigations aiming to understand the behavior of electrical trees formed in XLPE cable insulation at elevated temperatures. Samples cut from a real high voltage cable equipped with an embedded electrode system and composed of a needle separated by 2 mm from counter electrode were used. The temperature was varied between 50 and 90 °C and the range of voltage changed between 9 and 18 kV. The electrical treeing process was followed by means of microscopic observation from the moment of initiation until the leading branches connected the counter electrode and partial discharge (PD) activity was monitored simultaneously. The shape and fractal dimension of the resulting trees were analyzed. It was found that temperature and voltage level had pronounced effect on the process of electrical tree formation. At lower voltages different type of trees could be formed, whereas at higher voltages branch trees dominated. Increase of test temperature reduced the time for tree initiation, whereas the tree growth time was less affected, except for the lowest voltage level at which the slowest tree development was observed at the highest test temperature. It is postulated that the impeding effect of elevated temperature on tree growth is due to a change of tree channel sidewall conductivity, whereas the observed reduction of tree initiation time with the increase of temperature and voltage level is attributed to lowering of the threshold energy for damage at higher temperature as well as increasing of the injection current at higher voltage level.


her arrest. There is no evidence that medical records are included. As long as the purpose of storing knowledge about contagious disease affecting a convicted person or one suspected of having committed a crime is limited to the objectives outlined above, there can be little antipathy to the policy on grounds of principle. Moreover, it could be argued that the police service has not discharged the duty of care it owes to operational police officers if it fails to provide warnings of contact with known infective people. Although the police understand that having such knowledge may not protect them against infection, it allows them to be counselled and possibly given prophylaxis with zidovudine when their work has put them at risk.9 The situation is comparable to that of forensic pathologists performing necropsies on victims of violence.4 No one would deny them the advantages of knowing whether they were at risk of infection before proceeding. The police are entitled to the same protection; there is no reason why they should not receive it provided that offenders' rights to privacy are protected at the same time. On current evidence, this balance is being achieved. J K MASON Professor (Emeritus) of Forensic Medicine University of Edinburgh, Old College, Edinburgh EH8 9YL


vance of feast days and Sabbaths. The cultured Greek would have a natural interest in a system which claimed to be not only a philosophy, but thee philosophy. For the Phrygian followers of the orgiastic cults of Attis and Cybele there were the ' delights of ecstasy and the privilege of mystic vision'; while the dabbler in Gnosticism would find himself at home with the aeons and spiritual beings that filled the gulf between God and


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly impacted human health, the global economy, and society. Viruses residing on common surfaces represent a potential source of contamination for the general population. Spike binding peptide 1, SBP1 is a 23 amino acid peptide, which has micromolar binding affinity (1.3 mu M) towards the spike protein receptor-binding domain. We hypothesize that if we can covalently immobilize this SBP1 peptide in a covalent crosslinked network system, we can develop a surface that would preferentially bind spike protein and, therefore, which could limit viral spread. A series of covalently crosslinked networks of hydroxy ethyl acrylate (HEA) with different primary chain lengths and crosslinker density was prepared. Later, this network system was functionalized using 2% SBP1 peptide. Our study found that with a shorter chain length and lower crosslinker density, the HEA network system alone could capture almost 80% of the spike protein. We reported that the efficiency could be enhanced almost by 17% with higher crosslinker density.


Effective post-heat treatment is critical to achieve desired microstructure for highperformance in additively manufactured (AM) components. In this work, the influence of homogenization on microstructure-property relationship in 17-4PH steels has been investigated. Precipitation of NbC, oxides, and ε-Cu were observed in the as-built 17-4PH steels. To design an optimum post-heat treatment, homogenization was performed at 1050oC for different times followed by aging at 482oC for 1 hour. It was identified that homogenization for 1 hour followed by aging leads to the best combination of strength and ductility due to the refinement of martensite and prior austenite grains. Improved tensile properties were achieved for the post-heat-treated alloys that exceeded the traditionally fabricated 17-4PH steels. Through comprehensive microstructure characterization, it was deduced that the incoherent ε-Cu precipitates in the as-built alloy were dissolved through homogenization, and subsequently, re-precipitated as coherent Cu-rich clusters during aging. This study demonstrates that altering the precipitation behavior using post-heat treatment is an effective pathway to significantly improve the mechanical properties of AM alloys.


— To consider irregular access conventions with multipack gathering (MPR), which incorporate both opened Aloha and opened τ-persistent WPCN conventions. For the two conventions, every hub makes a transmission endeavor in an opening with a given likelihood. The objectives of the task are to get the ideal transmission likelihood expanding a framework throughput for the two conventions and to build up a basic arbitrary access convention with MPR, which accomplishes a framework throughput near the greatest worth. Finale can locate the ideal transmission likelihood of a hub in the opened Aloha convention. The outcome gives a valuable rule to assist us with building up a straightforward appropriated calculation for assessing the quantity of dynamic hubs. At that point locate the ideal transmission likelihood in the τ-persistent WPCN convention. An inside and out examination on the connection between the ideal transmission probabilities in the two conventions shows that under specific conditions the ideal transmission likelihood in the opened Aloha convention is a decent estimate for the τ-persistent WPCN convention. In view of this outcome, right now propose a straightforward τ-persistent WPCN convention with MPR which powerfully modifies the transmission likelihood τ relying upon the evaluated number of dynamic hubs, and accordingly can accomplish a framework throughput near the most extreme worth.


In this study,based on the analyses of the fire spreading,expanding and the reasons of heavy casualties in the serious fire disaster,which happened in BAO YUANFENG Poultry Co.Ltd,in Jilin Province on June 3,the thesis strongly points out the importance of fire design,construction,inspection and the association between the current technical standards and existing fire protection in actual work,especially for the setup of automatic fire alarm system,selection of fire detectors,automatic sprinkler system settings,building walls design and construction.The references for revising fire technical standards are also given in the thesis, aiming at improving the performance of insulation materials and construction,optimization of cold storage building fire safety measures for fire protection.


The optical flow of natural scenes is a combination of the motion of the observer and the independent motion of objects. Existing algorithms typically focus on either recovering motion and structure under the assumption of a purely static world or optical flow for general unconstrained scenes. We combine these approaches in an optical flow algorithm that estimates an explicit segmentation of moving objects from appearance and physical constraints. In static regions we take advantage of strong constraints to jointly estimate the camera motion and the 3D structure of the scene over multiple frames. This allows us to also regularize the structure instead of the motion. Our formulation uses a Plane+Parallax framework, which works even under small baselines, and reduces the motion estimation to a one-dimensional search problem, resulting in more accurate estimation. In moving regions the flow is treated as unconstrained, and computed with an existing optical flow method. The resulting Mostly-Rigid Flow (MR-Flow) method achieves state-of-the-art results on both the MPI-Sintel and KITTI-2015 benchmarks.


Experiment was conducted to study the effect of abrupt droughts-floods on physiology and biochemistry in three peanut cultivars: Zhonghua 8(drought resistant),Yuhua 15(waterlogging resistant) and Xianghua 2008(drought and waterlogging resistant).After different gradient droughts-floods,the relative leaf water content,peroxidase(POD) activity,catalase(CAT) activity,superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,glutathione oxidoreductase(GR) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content changes in three peanut cultivars were compared.Results showed that the effect of drought stress on relative leaf water content was greater than waterlogging.The activity of POD,CAT,SOD and GR increased under drought and waterlogging stress,but decreased under severe stress,then dropped to control level after restoring water supply.MDA content increased under drought stress stage then dropped to control level with water recovery;increased linearly under waterlogging stress stage,then decreased with released stress.There were significant differences in water adaptability in three peanut varieties.Zhonghua 8 showed better drought resistance than waterlogging resistance;Yuhua 15 showed better waterlogging resistance than drought resistance;Xianghua 2008 showed the best waterlogging resistance and better drought resistance,and was suitable for both moisture conditions.


Under the new situation, with the increase of contradictions and conflicts that cadets confront, the rate of experiencing psychological problems and obstacles suffered from higher pressure among cadets is significantly rising. The essay aims at studying the main pressure sources of cadets' stress as well as the effective strategy under the new situation, thus providing cadets with theoretical guidance to the improvement of the level of mental health. 1. The changes brought by the objectives of Strengthening military in new period 1.1 Military training requirements become more stringent. At present, Minhang's diversified missions such as earthquake relief, security and duty, and anti-terrorist clerk-offensing have put forward multiple requirements for the troops. Each college has increased its training efforts and improved the military assessment system with the criteria of "higher than the troops and stricter forces". High standards for military training. Military school students face greater pressure on physical fitness and military assessment. 1.2 learning requirements become Higher. The goal of cultivating high-quality new-type military talents requires that institutions change from a single professional ability training to a requirement of both professional ability and comprehensive quality. In September 2014, the General Political Department, together with 7 ministries and commissions of the military and military, formulated the "Measures for Segregation and Relocation of Trainees of Military Cadres and Cadres for Development of Cadres" to fully implement the elimination system for the last elimination of military academies, further urging the institutions to continuously improve the quality of personnel training. Expand the scope of study and enhance professional and military literacy. 1.3 The proportion of internships become greater. According to the "Regulations for the Graduation of Graduates of Military Cadres for Growth", among them, the principle of priority is to ensure that troops in the remote areas of the garrison and supplementary forces of the new combat forces are in demand. This puts forward higher requirements for the overall quality of graduates. Colleges and universities should extend teaching and training to front-line units and command posts, and comprehensively improve the students' ability to lead troops to fight. The troops under the military exercise, service internships, and the simulation of the trainee team to implement the model, the students in the promotion of self-ability at the same time also under the pressure of greater work. 2. Analysis of Military Students' Stress Sources Under the new circumstances, the dual influence of the social environment and the management and education of the military academies, the students' ideology and psychology are experiencing an unprecedented impact and are prone to various psychological problems. 2.1 Strict troop life generates pressure on adaptation. According to surveys, the past period of adaptability of military school students was generally 64 Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 206 2018 International Conference on Advances in Social Sciences and Sustainable Development (ASSSD 2018)


To provide a motorcycle seat structure capable of adjusting a height of a rider's seat with a simple structure and facilitating an operation of filling a clearance between the rider's seat and a rear pillion. A rear bottom plate (41) of a pillion (32) extends toward the front of a body and gets under a main seat (31), and a height adjusting mechanism (50) for adjusting the height of the main seat (31) is provided in a seat lower extended portion (45) of the rear bottom plate (41). The height adjusting mechanism (50) is constructed by providing the rear bottom plate (41) and a front bottom plate (43) with front upper and lower step-like portions (46) and (48) that engage with each other and rear upper and lower step-like portions (47) and (49) that engage with each other.


People viewed a security video and tried to identify the gunman from a photospread. The actual gunman was not in the photospread and all eyewitnesses made false identifications (n = 352). Following the identification, witnesses were given confirming feedback (Good, you identified the actual suspect), disconfirming feedback (Actually, the suspect is number ―), or no feedback. The manipulations produced strong effects on the witnesses' retrospective reports of (a) their certainty, (b) the quality of view they had, (c) the clarity of their memory, (d) the speed with which they identified the person, and (e) several other measures. Eyewitnesses who were asked about their certainty prior to the feedback manipulation (Experiment 2) were less influenced, but large effects still emerged on some measures. The magnitude of the effect was as strong for those who denied that the feedback influenced them as it was for those who admitted to the influence.


Abstract : This report is one of a series on the geometrical and topological properties of three-dimensional digital images. In this report, we define the genus of a subset of a three-dimensional array and show that the properties of this digital genus are consistent which those of the genus in ordinary (continuous) topology. Since the approach here is different than that normally used in two dimensions, we also present the two-dimensional case. The derivation of the three-dimensional genus allows us to make explicit what is meant by a hole in an object (e.g., the hole in a ring). We also give algorithms for computing the three-dimensional digital genus and discuss the importance of three-dimensional genus in contrast with the two-dimensional genus. (Author)


We have determined the sequence of an autonomously-replicating circular DNA element from mitochondria of strain T40 of the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus (1), a filamentous Ascomycete. The sequence was determined by the dideoxy method, using subclones in M13mplO and mpll. Sequence analysis with Microgenie (Beckman) revealed the presence of the complete gene encoding subunit 6 of the mitochondrial ATPase complex. The ATPase 6 ORF extends between bases 307 and 1080 of the sequence presented below, which is numbered starting from the first base of the unique BamHI site. We have published additional analysis of this plasmid-like DNA elsewhere (2).


The invention provides methods of monitoring differential gene expression of biomarkers to determine patient sensitivity to Human Double Minute inhibitors (MDM2i), methods of determining the sensitivity of a cell to an MDM2i by measuring biomarkers and methods of screening for candidate MDM2i.


Although Dr. Sam Sheppard's conviction for the infamous and brutal 1954 murder of his wife Marilyn was overturned in the 1960s, the real killer has never been identified. In Mockery of Justice, his son Sam Reese Sheppard and attorney Cynthia L. Cooper reinvestigate the crime. Drawing on recently recovered documents, Sheppard family papers, and interviews with new witnesses and suspects, they offer convincing evidence pointing to the real murderer, evidence that has persuaded the Cuyahoga County Prosecutor to reopen the investigation into the case.


The dam of Rimian Hydropower Station is a core wall type rockfill dam with height of 346 m.The situation of seepage field in the dam,and especially in the core wall,is very important to the dam safety.The seepage field under different conditions was simulated with finite element method.In comparison with the simulated results,it is concluded as follows: The dam zoning and the seepage field distribution are reasonable while the filter layer Ⅰ is more permeable than the dam core with 1 magnitude and the ratio of the core wall slope is 1∶0.25.However,the safety of the core wall would much more rely on the protection by filter layer if the permeability difference is less and the core wall slopes are steeper.The transient seepage field is simulated under the condition that the reservoir water level falls in 5 days with speed of 8 m/d.The results indicate that the phreatic surface in the upstream dam shell falls almost synchronously with the reservoir water level,and the small hysteresis would not worsen greatly the seepage and the slope stability.The research results provide important references to the design of the dam at the pre-feasibility study stage.


The Lin and Tu (LT) optimization scheme which is based on mean squared error (MSE) objective function is the commonly used optimization scheme for estimating the optimal mean response in robust dual response surface optimization. The ordinary least squares (OLS) method is often used to estimate the parameters of the process location and process scale models of the responses. However, the OLS is not efficient for the unbalanced design data since this kind of data make the errors of a model become heteroscedastic, which produces large standard errors of the estimates. To remedy this problem, a weighted least squares (WLS) method is put forward. Since the LT optimization scheme produces a large difference between the estimates of the mean response and the experimenter actual target value, we propose a new optimization scheme. The OLS and the WLS are integrated in the proposed scheme to determine the optimal solution of the estimated responses. The results of the simulation study and real example indicate that the WLS is superior when compared with the OLS method irrespective of the optimization scheme used. However, the combination of WLS and the proposed optimization scheme (PFO) signify more efficient results when compared to the WLS combined with the LT optimization scheme.


Summary and conclusions 1. Permeability studies were conducted on rabbits by injection of PSP into (the joint and recovery of the dye from the urine. 2. Cortisone, ACTH, adrenal cortex extract and hydroxyphenylcinchoninic acid (HPC) given to normal rabbits failed to cause any significant alteration of synavial permeability. 3. ACTH given parenterally exhibited a significant antihyaluronidase effect. 4. We agree that the permeability of the joint membrane to PSP is not necessarily a measure of its permeability to normal body substances.


Pioneer species of seed plants are common and important species in the succession. This group of plant occurred everywhere in Peninsular Malaysia especially in the gaps, open areas and roadsides. In this paper we discussed the list of pioneer species found in Kuala Keniam and surrounding area at Taman Negara, Pahang. A total of 16 species of pioneers were recorded from Kuala Keniam and surrounding area at Taman Negara Pahang. Macaranga gigantea is among the common species found especially near the base camp of Kuala Keniam. Only two species of pioneers found in the plot studies, namely Balakata baccata and Cratoxylum formosum. The pioneer is uncommon in the forest except in certain forest gaps and disturbed area. Two species, viz. Mallotus floribundus and Melastoma malabathricum were found on the riverbanks.


In young children's worlds, gender and sexualities are constantly policed. Who children play with, where they play and how they play are often subject to regulation by others to perpetuate 'normativity'. This colloquium draws on 'telling examples' from an in-progress study in an early childhood education setting in Aotearoa New Zealand. Examples of challenge and resistance show several children actively constructing and performing their gender in flexible and multiple ways, some of which contest/resist traditional and cultural norms and dominant discourses. The central argument is that 'doing gender' in relationship with others is complex work for children that can be better understood through the constructs of 'performativity' and 'working theories' jointly.


Thе article deals with the main approaches to understanding the concepts of «meaning» and «sense». The article focuses on these concepts in the context of cinotext from the viewpoint of the specific sphere of implementation. Analysis of the «sense of film dialogue» in terms of «image-sense» is offered. Further research options are also discussed.


In the theory of random matrices, the eigenvalue statistics of Hamiltonian ensembles is reduced to one-dimensional classical statistical mechanics of logarithmically interacting particles. Correspo...


Not so easy, is it? While helpful resources on this topic have been in short supply – if available at all – a new tool is available. The STOP Obesity Alliance, in collaboration with the Alliance for a Healthier Generation, released a guide to help parents respond to challenging and unanticipated questions about weight from their kids.3,4,5 "Weigh In: Talking to Your Children About Weight and Health" is a free conversation guide that offers parents "real-world" situations and plain language responses to questions about weight issues, including understanding BMI, body image, bullying, weight bias and family obesity.6 This research-based guide, reviewed by experts from a cross-section of fields including pediatrics, obesity research, and psychology, provides a framework to better equip parents and caregivers to talk about weight and health in ways that are factual, meaningful and helpful.


Refractory Neonatal Seizures: Determination of Local Cerebral Metabolic Rates for Glucose (LCMRglc) with 2-Deoxy-2[18F] Fluoro-D-Glucose (FDG) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET): 3:15 PM 8 Harry Chugani;Alan Shewmon;Michael Phelps;John Mazziotta; Neurology


Keywords: Water conservancy and hydropower engineering; ecological risk; fuzzy theory; grey correlation; ecological restoration; life cycle Abstract. Firstly, the fuzzy comprehensive is made for each risk factor of large-scale water conservancy and hydropower engineering in its life cycle's each stage, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation vector is transformed into fuzzy scores, total risk of ecosystem in different development scale and value of risk factors in a life cycle each stage are calculated. Then, it is calculated that gray correlation degree of each stage and each risk factors by gray theory, and the key risk factors are determined according to the size of the correlation. Third, according to the risk of different ecosystem development scale, using the gray system theory, a relationship of reservoir normal water levels and ecological risk values is established, and prediction of ecological risk is made on the basis of this relationship. Finally, the development scale optimization model considering ecological restoration cost and ecological risk are established and are solved, water resources engineering optimal development scale is ascertained.


An increase in phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylplycerol (PG), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) occurred during bud break induced by decapitation. Inositol-1-phosphate [Ins(1)P 1 ], inositol-1,4-bisphosphate [Ins(1,4)P 2 ], and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P 3 ] were found in apple buds and increased propressively following decapitation. Ins(1)P 1 and Ins(1,4)P 2 peaked 48 h after decapitation and Ins(1,4,5)P 3 peaked 72 h after decapitation during the metabolic transition when buds emerged from dormancy. Ins(1,4)P 2 and Ins(1,4,5)P 3 levels declined thereafter. The lateral buds on shoots with intact terminals and decapitated shoots treated with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the terminals tip remained dormant and there were no significant changes in phospholipid and inositol phosphate contents


e11124 Background: Germline mutations in tumor suppressor genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, confer high risks of breast and ovarian cancer in affected individuals. Genetic testing for these pathogenic mutations has potentially important health implications for judicious counseling and screening of high risk individuals.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted of all the patients seen at the oncology and genetics clinic from 2000 to 2010. A population of over 500 patients was identified, out of whom 310 subjects underwent risk factor assessment and genetic counseling. BRCA testing was performed on 231 of these subjects whereas 79 subjects were not tested secondary to lack of insurance/follow up, or patient/physician preference. Various ethnic groups were identified which included 138 Caucasian, 41 African American, 28 Ashkenazi Jewish, 4 Middle Eastern, 2 Asian and 2 Hispanic subjects. The race/ethnicity of 16 subjects was unknown secondary to lack of documentation.

RESULTS
BRCA mutation testing was completed on 231 subjects out of whom 34 were identified as carriers, comprising 14.72% of the population screened. Out of these, 31 were female and 3 were male individuals.25 subjects carried BRCA1 and 11 subjects carried BRCA2 mutations, whereas 2 subjects carried both mutations simultaneously. The population screened was divided into 4 main groups for which using the Maximum Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square Test, a p-value of 0.96 (p=0.9633) was obtained which indicated that the proportion of mutation did not differ for the races amongst the population screened.

CONCLUSIONS
The estimated race/ethnicity prevalence of BRCA mutations was found to be the highest in African American followed by Caucasian and Ashkenazi Jewish subjects in the population screened at our facility. Overall, BRCA mutations are more common in the Jewish population on which most of the research has been focused. Our study is one of the few to indicate the possibility of high prevalence of mutations in the under-studied and less reported high risk kindred i.e the African Americans. [Table: see text].


This paper reviews the development of groupthink theory and summarizes its empirical research. Groupthink research from 1971, including case analysis and laboratory test, is reviewed. Results from these two research areas are briefly compared. It is concluded that groupthink research is still a live theory that need further study. Future research issues and relative recommendations are provided finally.


The improved ride quality and other possible safety benefits associated with New Generation Open-Graded Friction Course (NGOGFC) or Permeable Friction Course (PFC) pavements—better friction, lower noise, less splash and spray, higher visibility, reduced hydroplaning, and reduced nighttime surface glare in wet weather conditions—have made them highly attractive to engineers and contractors in the last 3 decades. Nevertheless, the durability problems and performance and maintenance issues exhibited by NGOGFCs under winter weather conditions, especially the fast formation of black ice, have prevented their widespread use. Recent research has investigated new preventive methods and materials for handling these winter maintenance issues and improving durability in NGOGFCs. In 2005, the Center for Transportation Research (CTR) conducted an online survey of different districts within the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to gather information on NGOGFCs, and in 2004–2005 CTR conducted lab and field experiments to test the methodology for detecting black ice formation on NGOGFCs. This report presents the findings of the CTR survey results and research.


In this paper, I examine the work of Arnold J. Toynbee (1889–1975), a controversial historian heavily criticized by his colleagues, who utilized the lens of analytical psychology in his work. As one example of how Jungian psychohistory might be done, I employ a comparative approach that establishes the critical points of convergence between the two thinkers and highlight aspects of Toynbee's thought that were likely influenced by Jung. This provides a foundation for future works to not only critically reflect upon and delineate the characteristics of a uniquely Jungian approach to the discipline of history specifically, but to assess the efficacy of analytical psychological interventions into the social sciences more generally.


Objective: To establish rat model of qi deficiency syndrome caused by excessive idleness. Methods: 60 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: blank control group, qi deficiency group,Ginseng group and Bulbus allii macrostemi group. The rats of blank control group were put into single caves and fed with common feedstuff; the rats of qi deficiency group were put into the remoulded single caves, the standard is that the rats can keep basic quiet and can turn round in the space, the rats were fed with hyperalimentation feedstuff; the rats of Ginseng group and Bulbus allii macrostemi group were given ginseng(1.2g crude drug /kg/d) and bulbus allii macrostemi(1.2g crude drug /kg/d) freeze drying powder intragastrically respectively in the beginning of the experiment, one time everyday, other factors are the same as the qi deficiency group. All the rats were fed with 10 weeks continuously. At the end of experiment, the biology superficial syndrome and exhausted swimming time of the rats were observed. Results: Compared with the blank control group, the biology superficial syndrome scores of qi deficiency group increased obviously(P0.01), exhausted swimming time decreased obviously(P0.01). Compared with model group, the biology superficial syndrome scores decreased(P0.05)and exhausted swimming time increased remarkably(P0.01)in rats of Ginseng group, but above-mentioned items had no changes in Bulbus allii macrostemi group. Conclusion: It can establish animal model of syndrome of qi deficiency caused by excessive idleness successfully by the method of using hyperalimentation feedstuff combined with exercise restraint.


In this paper, a vehicle-side-cloud collaborative offloading architecture for vehicular networking tasks is proposed and an optimization model is constructed to minimize the load under the conditions of computational task latency and communication link stability constraints. Secondly, a compressed sensing technique is introduced to reduce the amount of data for offloading tasks by compressing the sampling to eliminate a large amount of redundant data. Finally, a deep Q-network is introduced to solve the optimization problem, and the terminal executes different offloading strategies according to the task attributes, which can update itself in the environment under time-varying channel conditions. The simulation results show that the intelligent task offloading algorithm based on compressed sensing (CSITO) algorithm has certain superiority.


Super-resolution addresses the problem of image upscaling by reconstructing high-resolution output images from low-resolution input images. One successful approach for this problem is based on random forests. However, this approach has a large memory footprint, since complex models are required to achieve high accuracy. To overcome this drawback, we present a novel method for constructing random forests under a global training objective. In this way, we improve the fitting power and reduce the model size. In particular, we combine and extend recent approaches on loss-specific training of random forests. However, in contrast to previous works, we train random forests with globally optimized structure and globally optimized prediction models. We evaluate our proposed method on benchmarks for single image super-resolution. Our method shows significantly reduced model size while achieving competitive accuracy compared to state-of-the-


It discloses a plasma display panel and its manufacturing method. The invention is a charged substrate from the substrate input port, a substrate is anti to provide a space that is mounted on a carrier-hydration module; and, anti-be connected to the hydration module, the load to maintain the vacuum lock chamber, and a loadlock is connected with the chamber, a plurality of the vacuum chamber in which a substrate mounted on a carrier, traverse; target portion that is disposed on, and deposition chamber, depositing the source material of the protective film layer on a substrate; and the evaporation chamber is installed in the vacuum chamber and , anti- and hydration module, the load lock chamber, is installed in a row in the vacuum chamber and the evaporation chamber, transferring portion for transferring the substrate mounted on the carrier, - the hydration module, the load lock chamber, and the anti- It is installed in the boundary portion between the vacuum chamber and the evaporation chamber, a gate valve that selectively opens and closes the respective space; as comprising a, since the carrier is not exposed to atmosphere, is also increased by long time use Because the chamber inside of the partial pressure can not be increased, it is possible to provide a suitable quality of the deposited overcoat layer.


In recent decades, Russian scholars have focused on thanatological motifs in literature which have already borne fruitful results in the foreign academic tradition. However, the works of medieval Russian literature have not yet been considered from such a position. This article analyses the Lives of Feodosii Pechersky and Avraamii Smolensky, revealing ideas about the end of earthly life and the transition to the afterlife. The author analyses narratives about the last days of the monks, direct statements of the saints and hagiographers about these phenomena, and other subjects related to this issue. The author compares the thanatological motifs in the Life of Theodosius and in Greek hagiography (the Life of Sabbas the Sanctified, Life of Euthymius the Great, Life of St Anthony the Great), which a medieval Russian writer could rely on. It is established that the outline of events in Byzantine hagiography is in many cases similar to the corresponding texts of the Life of Feodosii. However, it is only in Nestor's work that we find a reflection on the end of earthly life and the fate of the soul after death. There is no such reflection in the story of the repose of Feodosii in The Tale of Bygone Years. In the Life of Avraamii Smolensky, thanatological subjects take up a lot of space because they were central to Avraamii's preaching. As a result of the study of this hagiography, it can be concluded that the two highly educated and talented old Russian hagiographers Nestor and Efrem reflected the mystical aspirations of the time and portrayed for their descendants the ideas of the intellectual elite about the mystery of the human soul's transition from earthly life to another world and the expectations of the Second Coming.


It is shown, under rather general smoothness conditions on the gauge potential, which takes values in an arbitrary semisimple compact Lie algebra g, that if a (g-valued) solution to the gauge-covariant Laplace equation exists, which vanishes at spatial infinity, in the cases of 1,2,3,…, space dimensions, then the solution is identically zero. This result is also valid if the Lie algebra is merely compact. Consequently, a solution to the gauge-covariant Poisson equation is uniquely determined by its asymptotic radial limit at spatial infinity. In the cases of one or two space dimensions a related result is proved, namely that if a solution to the gauge-covariant Laplace equation exists, which is unbounded at spatial infinity, but with a certain dimension-dependent condition on the asymptotic growth of its norm, then the solution in question is a covariant constant.


This study has been conducted for the experimental test of the partial ice storage system using cooling and heating of the building. Experiment apparatus consisted of a 16 kW heat pump and 2 storage tanks which have 5.6 ㎥ total effective volume. So far, the experiment apparatus was installed. When the sensor installation is completed the experiment is expected to perform.


Corner and Bond's paper (2006) raises some key ethical questions about the classification and diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this commentary, I wish to revise some of the general issues about the classification of mental disorder raised by this particular classificatory concept. The central issue raised is the connection between the pathologic status of a condition and what I term the plain facts about the frequency and nature of its symptoms. There are a number of ethical questions raised by applying the label of MCI. Centrally, perhaps, is the concern, illustrated by the case vignettes, that a diagnosis carries negative repercussions that might outweigh the more narrowly medical advantages of an early diagnosis. But although that concern may be appropriate, such ethical complications are a danger of any psychiatric classification or diagnosis, even the most well grounded. Any psychiatric diagnosis can carry a danger of stigma, for example. What seems to make such ethical concerns more serious in this case—at least to a philosopher outsider—is the implicit further concern that MCI is not a real, objective, or, to use a more medical term, valid category or classification. If it is not valid, then any negative connotations of the diagnosis will not be outweighed by medical technological achievements. In other words, the further ethical issues are given much greater weight if the question of validity is not satisfactorily resolved. The question of the reality, objectivity, or validity of MCI can be divided into two issues:


[1] This text is an adapted and extended version of a speech prepared by both authors and presented in Leuven University Hall by Guido Latre on 20 June 1991. The audience consisted of non‐Belgian members of the European Association for International Education (EAIE).


Hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS) is a useful method to monitor spectral changes in vegetation. HRS contains significant spectral information for detecting plant stress. The specific aims were: (1) to assess the changes in Vitis vinifera plant chlorophyll content due to the leakage of CO 2 into the plant-air environment, and (2) to analyze an vegetation index derived from the first derivative reflectance values for use in detecting Vitis vinifera plant stress due to elevated concentrations of air CO 2 . Spectral reflectance was measured between 336 and 1045 nm with a spectral resolution of 1 nm, covering visible and near-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The amount of chlorophyll decreased about 50% in the open top chamber modified (OTC modified) + CO 2 injection when compared to natural condition. The difference in chlorophyll between OTC modified + no CO 2 injection and natural condition was 24%. The concentration of chlorophyll a and b decreased and concentration of carotenoids increases of Vitis vinifera in initial stage of growth, with increase in CO 2 to 550 ppm. In the end, the remote sensing hyperspectral presents itself as a great tool to assist in studies of global climate change and its impacts on the biomes of the world.


Key Points Question What factors are associated with increasing hospital costs for patients with bronchiolitis? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 385 883 bronchiolitis hospitalizations, children hospitalized in later years received more costly and intensive care without objective evidence of increasing severity of illness. Substantial changes in coding practices were observed, with an increasing proportion of patients diagnosed with respiratory failure between 2010 and 2019. Meaning This study suggests that future research on trends in bronchiolitis should account for changes in the patterns of diagnostic coding.


This article presents a contribution to a better understanding of the effects of pH value on the morphology, conductivity, and reflection loss of polypyrrole (PPy) prepared at different pH values using indigo carmine (IC) as the synthesis template. The results indicate that the morphology of PPy changes from spiral rods to nonspiral rods, then to particles, which is attributed to the gradual morphological change of IC micelle templates from prismatic structure to rugby-like structure, and finally to spherical structure. Further study demonstrates that the conductivity of PPy decreases with the gradual decrease of the pH value, as a result of gradually increased contact resistance and the degree of electron delocalization. With the decrease of the pH value, the maximum reflection loss of PPy gradually increases and the corresponding loss peak moves to higher frequency points simultaneously.


A mechanical durable polysiloxane superhydrophobic surface was successfully prepared by means of polymerization of silanes blending with particles. The as-prepared polysiloxane surface showed stable superhydrophobicity even after the surface underwent a long distance friction. The superhydrophobicity of the polysiloxane materials can be even slightly enhanced by the surface abrasion. The scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the micro - and nanometer structures distributed through the whole materials thickness are responsible for the mechanical durable superhydrophobicity.


This study offers an examination of data richness (i.e., topic-related data, topic unrelated data, researcher ratings of data richness, word count, and linguistic characteristics of data richness) trade-offs between face-to-face (FTF), online text-only and online audiovisual focus group mediums. Two focus group sessions were held for each type of medium. Data were analyzed using systematic content analysis and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Findings showed that although online audiovisual focus groups show potential for producing data similar in richness to FTF focus groups, researchers should carefully consider the potential distractions that manifested in this study as a result of the medium itself, likely due to its novelty as a group communication medium. Online text-only groups did not facilitate rich data, as operationalized in this study, and also had a lower amount of data related to the topic of the groups due to more socializing and off-topic discussion. As the first study to empirically examine the potential of data from focus groups facilitated via webcam (online audiovisual), it concludes, the technology offers similar data richness to FTF focus groups.


The Gaussian maximum likelihood estimate is investigated for time series models that have locally a stationary behaviour (e.g. for time varying autoregressive models). The asymptotic properties are studied in the case where the fitted model is either correct or misspecified. For example the behaviour of the maximum likelihood estimate is explained in the case where a stationary model is fitted to a nonstationary process. A general model selection criterion is suggested which can for example automatically select between stationary models, nonstationary models and deterministic trends.


The objective of this work was to understand the corrosion behavior of Boral® and Bortec® neutron absorbers over long-term deployment in a used nuclear fuel dry cask storage environment. Corrosion effects were accelerated by flowing humidified argon through an autoclave at temperatures up to 570°C. Test results show little corrosion of the aluminum matrix but that boron is leaching out of the samples. Initial tests performed at 400 and 570°C were hampered by reduced flow caused by the rapid build-up of solid deposits in the outlet lines. Analysis of the deposits by XRD shows that the deposits are comprised of boron trioxide and sassolite (H3BO3). The collection of boron- containing compounds in the outlet lines indicated that boron was being released from the samples. Observation of the exposed samples using SEM and optical microscopy show the growth of new phases in the samples. These phases were most prominent in Bortec® samples exposed at 570°C. Samples of Boral® exposed at 570°C showed minimal new phase formation but showed nearly the complete loss of boron carbide particles. Boron carbide loss was also significant in Boral samples at 400°C. However, at 400°C phases similar to those found in Bortec® were observed. The rapidmore » loss of the boron carbide particles in the Boral® is suspected to inhibit the formation of the new secondary phases. However, Material samples in an actual dry cask environment would be exposed to temperatures closer to 300°C and less water than the lowest test. The results from this study conclude that at the temperature and humidity levels present in a dry cask environment, corrosion and boron leaching will have no effect on the performance of Boral® and Bortec® to maintain criticality control.« less


F a c u l t y M e n t o r T h e U C I U n d e r g r a d u a t e R e s e a r c h J o u r n a l Key Terms: ♦ Ecological Conservation ♦ Effects of Tourism


There are more and more cars. The traffic jam cost people a lot of time on the road. This system got the number of the cars in waiting on every crossroad by the infrared sensors in the CC2530. Based on the Zigbee protocol, the routers embedded in the infrared sensors sent the information of cars in waiting to the coordinator wirelessly. Then the coordinator sent the information to the website which is developed on the Eclipse platform through the serial port. People can check the designated crossroad whether there is the traffic jam by smart telephone or the web browser. This system can release the newest information. It can be widely applied in the transportation system. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.


This paper presents the development of an effective space vector modulation (SVM) regarding matrix converters (MCs) for the full range of the voltage transfer ratio (VTR), whereby a superior output performance was achieved. The proposed method uses all of the vectors adjacent to the reference output-voltage vector in one sector to build a unique general switching pattern to drive the MC. For the purpose of pursuing the high output performance of MCs, the proposed switching pattern can be applied to low and high VTRs with a unique modulation strategy owing to generalized equations. In addition, an output current-ripple-minimization technique is also accomplished through a design of the duty cycles of zero vectors that enhances the output performance for the MC. With the unique switching pattern, the proposed SVM method can be easily implemented. The experiment results are given to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This paper presents the development of the robust speech recognition system for the children with hearing impairment. It is a challenging task to recognise the distorted speeches of the hearing impaired since the characteristics of the speeches uttered by these people normally have variations in terms of accent, pronunciation and speed. Because of their inability to hear, they are not able to speak even though their nasal and oral cavities aiding for the speech production are perfect like normal persons. This work mainly emphasises the use of MFCC & MF-PLP features at the front end and HMM & K-means clustering at the back end. Performance of the system is evaluated and compared for the two modelling techniques and recognition accuracy is 94%, 97% and 84% for MFCC with HMM and accuracy is 98.3%, 93.5% and 93.6% for MF-PLP with K-means clustering for recognition system developed for recognising isolated digits, connected words and continuous speeches of hearing impaired. Noteworthy point to be mentioned is that, though the clustering technique is an old technique, it is proved that it gives better results as compared to HMM.


The Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) exempts foreign commercial entities who have registered under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (LDA) from registering with the US Department of Justice (DOJ). However, if the lobbying efforts of these entities benefit a foreign power they are required to be registered under FARA, not LDA. This paper will demonstrate that foreign entities—potentially hundreds—are likely exploiting the LDA exemption to circumvent FARA requirements and obfuscate foreign lobbying efforts. This examination will reveal which foreign commercial entities are exploiting the LDA exemption, deepening the capabilities of academic researchers to explore the threat of foreign influence and unveil efforts to destabilize democracies, in the United States and beyond.


Objective: To evaluate any association of consumption and / or use of tea, paan, supari, naas, naswar, smoking, coffee and alcohol with gallstone disease. Design : Case – Control study Place and Duration of study : The study was carried out at different hospitals of Hyderabad and adjoining areas (Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro, Memon Charitable Hospital, Hyderabad, Wali Bhai Rajputana Hospital, Hyderabad, Naseem Medical Center, Hyderabad, and Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad) during January 1999 to December 2001. Patients and Methods : 160 hospitalized gallstone patients and 112 patients admitted in eye wards were taken as controls (age, sex and locality matched with negative personal and family history). The justification of taking eye patients as controls lie in the fact that these patients have no gastrointestinal problem which could be associated with gallstones. All were interviewed through a standard questionnaire developed for that purpose. Results : The consumption and / or use of tea, paan, naas / naswaar, alcohol and coffee were common among both the groups. Smoking was found to be the main risk factor for gallstone patients. Smokers as against non-smokers were however at risk 1.89 (95% CI, 0.68-5.26, p=0.105) to develop gallstones. Similarly consumers of more than 1 cup of tea per day were seen to be at higher risk (4.07, 95% CI; 1.71-9.64, p=0.001) for gallstone disease. No association of Supari, Naas and Naswar intake was found with the occurrence of gallstones. A significant inverse association (0.49 CI; 0.34-0.5, p=0.04) of paan, (0.39 CI; 0.11-0.52, p=0.00) alcohol, and (0.36 CI; 0.24-0.98, p=0.04) coffee was found with gallstone disease. Conclusion: Tea consumption is positively and Paan, alcohol and coffee consumptions are negatively associated with gallstone disease in Southern Sindh, Pakistan.


This paper proposes a feedforward controller for active suppression of contact force fluctuation between a pantograph and overhead contact line of a high-speed railway vehicle, assuming the use of a pneumatic actuator with low response speed. The proposed controller, designed to exploit the periodicity of the disturbance as a priori knowledge, consists of a phase-locked-loop-based synchronized harmonic generator and adaptive compensators to extract the periodic structure of the disturbance and to generate the appropriate input for disturbance cancellation. The synchronization condition of the phase-locked loop is clarified through a theoretical study, and a design of the controller that can cancel the sinusoidal disturbance with the frequency from 1 Hz to 10 Hz is presented. Numerical studies are carried out to examine the validity of the theoretical study and the performance of the controller. Experimental studies using an actual pantograph equipment show that the proposed controller can suppress the contact force fluctuation to 10 % of that without control at the frequency from 1 Hz to 10 Hz. 1. 緒 言 電車の走行中において,パンタグラフと架線との良好な機械的接触を維持し,接触点における離線や異常損耗 を防止するために,パンタグラフには架線との間の接触力の変動を適性範囲内に保つ能力が要求される.接触力 変動は走行速度に対して増加する (網干, 2009)ため,この能力は特に高速鉄道において必須の要求となる.接触力 変動の要因には,架線の周期構造に起因した架線等価剛性の変動,架線の不整,架線に伝播する波動,軌道不整 による車体の上下動,パンタグラフ本体が受ける揚力などがあるが,このうち揚力以外については,理想的には 接触点におけるパンタグラフの機械インピーダンスをゼロにすることによって除去することができる.そのため パンタグラフには,架線との接触部である舟体およびそれを支持する枠組機構において,接触点における機械イ ンピーダンスを低減するためのさまざまな受動的対策が取られている.しかし,受動的対策のみでは今後の走行 位相同期ループに基づくパンタグラフ接触力のフィードフォワード制御 (位相同期ループによる制御力生成) 増田 新,福田 一作,射場 大輔,小林 樹幸,山下 義隆,池田 充 Arata MASUDA, Kazusa FUKUDA, Daisuke IBA, Shigeyuki KOBAYASHI, Yoshitaka YAMASHITA and Mitsuru IKEDA *1,*2 Department of Mechanical and System Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology Gosyokaidou-cyo Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan *3 Railway Technical Research Institute 2-8-38 Hikari-cho, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8540, Japan Received 12 February 2014


The high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) maps of mycelium protein in Pyricularia oryzae were obtained through improved TCA/acetone method and the spots increase 687.Spots of(500±40) and(984±70) were detected on the 2-DE maps with pI 3-10 and pI 4-7 respectively.Spots(1 169±90) were also detected on the 2-DE maps with pI 4-7 of mycelium protein in P.oryzae after nitrogen starvation.Impurities of protein samples could be removed effectively after enhanced sample cleaning and the secondary protein precipitation from rehydration solution using acetone.This study provides a convenient and efficient technique for mycelium protein detection in P.oryzae analysis by using 2-DE.


Purpose – The impact of tourism is an ongoing research interest among scholars as it is directly related to the tourism development process. Residents' perceptions of tourism impacts can indicate development guidelines if planners pay attention to them. Design – We examine residents' perceptions of tourism impacts and their support for sustainable tourism development in two similar tourism destinations, Portorož and Opatija, based on their similarity, closeness, and connectedness through time to the present. Approach – There is an urgent need for a strategic development change for both destinations, which are coping with typical negative impacts of tourism, including seasonality, noise and, overcrowding. Methodology – Four hundred and forty-six residents surveyed indicated that tourism development is an important issue. Two databases were combined in order to conduct inference data analysis using SPSS 21 statistical software. Depending on the type of variables, t-test and ANOVA were used for the analysis in addition to the descriptive statistics. Findings – Residents point out a clear and strong message for the importance of their inclusion and active involvement in the decision-making processes of sustainable tourism development. Furthermore, our results revealed higher criticism of tourism impacts among those personally involved in tourism (employed or economically dependent on tourism) and among Portorož locals. Originality - We provide theoretical and practical implications of the research, especially suitable for planners of the destination development, who should be cautious about residents' reaction to tourism at the destination.


focusing on fuzzy relation equation with no-solutions,in this paper,we give the definition of the best approximate solution,prove the existence of the best approximate solution and offer the algorithm of the best approximate solution.


A thermodynamic analysis of the AlCu binary system has been performed to consider the metastable phase equilibria of the facecentered cubic (fcc) phase. The total energies of the ordered structures were obtained using firstprinciples calculations based on the fcc lattice. The cluster expansion method was applied to the results, and the free energies were calculated for the solid solution at finite temperatures. The results were analyzed together with some experimental data, and the equilibrium phase diagram of the AlCu binary system was calculated based on the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method. The results suggested a metastable twophase separation of the fcc phase in the Alrich region. The coherent spinodal line was calculated according to Cahn's treatment and revealed that the critical temperature decreased by about 100 K because of the coherency of the separated phases in the fcc matrix. In consideration of both Cahn's treatment and the effect of vacancies, it was suggested that the initial formation step of the GuinierPreston zone might be relevant to the metastable coherent spinodal decomposition in the fcc solid solution. [doi:10.2320/jinstmet.J2016007]