Based on thermodynamics and related industrial data, this paper establishes the mathematical model according to the internal heating principle of the reflow furnace, and uses the finite difference method to calculate the heating and welding process of the circuit board in the reflow furnace. Firstly, analyze the process and mechanism of the circuit board's heat absorption in the reflow furnace, and establish a quantitative formula. Then, the transient heat model of the soldering area center is established according to the two main heat transfer modes, heat convection and heat radiation, as well as combined with the heat transfer process and data. The model assumes that the temperature of the air gap in each temperature region is the same as that of the large temperature zone, and and uses the analytical solution of the one-dimensional heat conduction equation to analyze and discuss the gap temperature, which verifies the correctness of the hypothesis. At the same time, combined with the premise of uniform distribution of gap temperature between different large temperature zones, the model is improved again. Finally, a complete transient heating model is established and solved numerically by finite difference method.


During 2021 on the basis of stationary field experiments, which are located in of the Skvyra Research Station of Organic Production (Kyiv region), the Nosivka selection research station (Chernihiv region), the Institute of Vegetable and Melon NAAS (Kharkiv regions) and in a private farm of organic production FOP Shanoilo (Chernihiv region) were studied of the quantitative composition of soil micromycetes under different agricultural crops: winter wheat, oats, rye, barley and onions. The research was conducted on different cultivation technologies: traditional, organic and mixed. Weather conditions during the research vegetation period differed for agrometeorological indicators. The characteristic feature was a contrast of differences in air temperature and unequal distribution of rainfall, which affected the composition of the soil mycobiocenosis. The vegetation period of 2021 in Kyiv region was characterized by sufficiently moist (HTC 1,7), and in Chernihiv and Kharkiv regions drought prevailed (HTC 0,6). Adverse weather conditions such as drought and waterlogging of the soil contributed to changes in the number of mycobiomes of the studied soils. Mycobiota are integral homeostatic components that affect what determines its important functions and the possibility of a continuous cycle substances. It is shown that cultivation technologies depending on the system of fertilizer and crop protection affect the formation of soil mycobiome. The of stationary field experiments that characterized by typical chernozem are more stable and balanced structure of soil microbiocenosis than low-fertile sod-podzolic soils, where the number of major ecological and trophic groups of micromycetes under different crops was twice as lower. It was found that each plant variety has a specific mycobiome of the rhizosphere, depending on the available soil group. It is determined that the number of major ecological and trophic groups inhabiting the rhizosphere of different crops depends from phase development of plant, soil and climatic conditions, soil type, fertilizer system and the cultivation technology and type of crops.


Abstract : Strategy for the nation-state is neither simple nor easy. Good strategy demands much of the military professional whether he is formulating, articulating, evaluating, or executing strategy. Few do it well. It requires the professional to step out of the planning mind set and adopt one more suited for the strategic environment. This is particularly true in periods of great change and turmoil when a successful military strategy must be closely integrated with and may depend on other national strategies of the interagency community. A theory of strategy helps in this transition by educating the professional and disciplining his thinking in any of his roles. This monograph advances a theory of strategy that provides essential terminology and definitions, explanations of the underlying assumptions and premises, and substantive hypotheses that explain the nature of the strategic environment and the role and expectations of strategy. The environment is explained in theoretical and practical terms, and the implications for strategic thinking are developed with a distinction being made between strategy and planning mind sets. The typical problems practitioners have in formulating and articulating strategy are discussed. Strategy formulation is recognized as both an art and science, and the U.S. Army War College strategy model of ends, ways, and means is expounded on and advocated as a methodology for articulating strategies.


It has always seemed to me that of all the problems presented in the practice of medicine those concerning general invasions of the system are by far the most interesting. Discounting the bias that may naturally be ascribed to me, I believe that the problems of general invasions of otitic origin are second to none in interest. This subject has many ramifications; for a number of years I have been concerned chiefly with the practical side. For a great deal of the data that I am presenting I must quote freely from Dr. Libman, who perhaps more than any other man in America has consistently contributed to the scientific aspect of this subject. I realize that perhaps this division with its attendant nomenclature may not be correct. I hope that it will not be offensive, but as it is obvious that the otologists bear the onus of this


The use of first order derivative spectrophotometry allowed simultaneous estimation of Omeprazole and Cinitapride, at their respective zero crossing point (ZCP) in fixed dose combination products. The absorbance values at 263.2 nm (ZCP of cinitapride) and 253.8 nm (ZCP of omeprazole) of first derivative spectrum were used for the estimation of Omeprazole and Cinitapride respectively without mutual interference in methanol. The method was found to be linear (r2>0.9995) in the range of 7+42 -g/ml for Omeprazole. The linear correlation was obtained (r2>0.9992) in the concentration range of 1+6 -g/ml for Cinitapride. The method was validated for as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The limit of determination was 0.06-g/ml and 0.33-g/ml for Omeprazole and Cinitapride, respectively. The limit of quantification was 0.18-g/ml and 1.00-g/ml for Omeprazole and Cinitapride, respectively. The proposed method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate and hence can be successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of Omeprazole and Cinitapride in formulations.


In this paper, we present ongoing work on the syntax of wh-questions in Nguni. Nguni belongs to the Southern Bantu language groups (= Zone S, in terms of Guthrie's (1967) classification) and comprises a group of closely related, i.e., structurally and lexically similar, languages (S 40: Zulu, Xhosa, Swati, Ndebele). The examples in this paper are from Zulu, but the major claims about Zulu syntax also hold for the other Nguni varieties. We examine the positions in which wh-phrases appear in questions and analyze our findings within the context of a broader typology of wh-questions. One important characteristic of Zulu wh-questions is that an argument wh-phrase may appear both ex situ (in a cleft wh-construction) and in situ – but never in the structural subject position Spec TP (i.e. Zulu shows a *Wh-in Spec TP restriction). We argue that the [+wh]-feature which is located in C of a question is weak in Zulu and hence does not trigger wh-ex situ. Instead, the ex-situ wh-cleft construction comes about as the result of the (optional) selection of a strong [+focus]-feature, and we argue that this feature is checked by the clefted whphrase, which is located in the specifier of a focus phrase. This analysis makes it possible to explain why Zulu obeys the *Wh-in Spec TP restriction. Furthermore, we show how the assumption that the [+wh]-feature in Zulu is weak also explains two other characteristics of Zulu wh-constructions, i.e. that Zulu, in contrast to other optional wh-in situ languages like Duala or French, allows for partial whmovement and for wh-in situ in embedded questions. In section 2, we illustrate the basic properties of wh-constructions in Zulu, and we discuss the restriction that wh-phrases in Zulu may not appear in Spec TP. Section 3 focuses on partial whmovement and wh-in situ/wh-ex situ in direct and indirect questions, and Section 4 outlines our analysis of these data.


Abstract Abstract: Modern electron microscopy permits scientists to study the fine detail of cells and tissues, using both two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging modalities. However, achieving optimal preservation of ultrastructure for a variety of biological samples remains a challenge. Here, we describe practical methods to preserve the fine structure of mouse skeletal muscle and sciatic nerve and to obtain high-resolution images of mitochondria in cultured cells, flow-sorted T-cells, and mouse urothelium. We also propose an effective and economical workflow for three-dimensional electron microscopy in the context of a microscopy core facility.


This research summarizes the organization of sports tourism in Henan province and comes out with some solutions to the problems existing in this field, in hope to offer some reference for the development of sports tourism in Henan. To promote the development of sports tourism in Henan, we should enhance the exploitation of resources of sports tourism, develop education of sports tourism, establish new images for sports tourism in Henan, and strengthen the cooperation between sports and tourism sectors.


A summary of the life and work of Dalen, who was awarded the Nobel prize for physics in 1912. Part of the work considered was in the theory of control, part was related to control of steam turbines and part to that of lighthouses and lightbuoys.


WSi x films are used extensively for contact, interconnect, and, in some cases, diffusion and Schottky barriers in semiconductor devices 1 . The electrical and barrier properties of these films are affected by a variety of factors, such as film stoichiometry, morphology, impurities, etc. This paper will address the capabilities and limitations of a variety of techniques which are frequently used to characterize WSi x films. Techniques which were studied include: Dynamic and Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and Elastic Recoil Detection (RBS/ERD), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Film characteristics which were studied included surface morphology; grain structure; film stoichiometry; surface and interface oxide thickness and composition; and surface, bulk, and interface impurity concentrations including metallic, atmospheric, and dopant impurities. Cross correlation between the techniques was performed whenever possible in order to compare the relative accuracy of the techniques as well.


More than 10 years of clinical operation of in-beam PET at GSI Darmstadt have proven its positive impact on quality assurance of carbon ion therapy, mostly for head-and-neck sites. Due to the promise of ion beam therapy for indications such as lung and liver tumors which are influenced by respiratory motion we started to investigate the potential of time-resolved, 4D in-beam PET. 4D in-beam PET is expected to facilitate in-vivo assessment of tumor miss or unwanted involvement of nearby critical structures in the presence of organ motion. In a first experiment performed at GSI, in-beam PET was used in combination with beam tracking. A homogeneous PMMA phantom was placed in the center of the field of view of the PET camera and moved parallel to the two detector heads (left-right in beam's eye view, amplitude: 3 cm peak-to-peak, period: ∼ 3 s). Dose was delivered by beam tracking as a two-dimensionally spread-out Bragg-peak of 5 cm × 5 cm extension, centered at a depth of 10 cm in the central plane of the phantom. The dynamic PET acquisition was performed during the 6 min of beam delivery and for 25 min after irradiation. The data stream was synchronized with the time course of the dynamic beam application and with the phantom motion. Additional 18 min of decay were acquired with the activated phantom kept steady, for comparison with a separate measurement of the same treatment field without motion. Reconstruction of the data taken with a steady phantom yielded comparable activation patterns after beam tracking and stationary irradiation. For the acquisition under phantom motion with beam tracking, motion phase-sorted 4D PET reconstruction with 4D attenuation correction has been implemented. Summation of the phase-sorted distributions co-registered to the motion phase of the stationary reference irradiation shows the feasibility of 4D in-beam PET for recovery of the volumetric extension of fields delivered to moving targets. As for conventional 3D in-beam PET, counting statistics is a critical issue for the achievable accuracy in treatment verification.


THE PURPOSE OF THIS paper is to examine the possibility that the effectiveness of monetary policy has been impeded by growing rigidities within the commercial banking system. The paper will attempt to demonstrate that these rigidities have increased during the last decade and that their development can be ascribed to the growing cost pressures in commercial banks. Since the monetary authorities can, in effect, impose their decisions on the economy only through the commercial banking system, the efficiency of banks as a means of policy transmission is of paramount importance. In recent years monetary policy has been criticized as an economic weapon incapable of achieving the degree of effectiveness that has been claimed on its behalf. Milton Friedman and others have suggested that the errors in cyclical diagnosis and the lags inherent in monetary policy between implementation and effect are such that discretionary central banking should be abandoned in favor of an automatic system of increasing the money supply at a constant rate, regardless of cyclical conditions.' J. G. Gurley and E. S. Shaw have proposed that the powers of the Federal Reserve System be widened, in order that the relative decline in the share of the financial markets commanded by the commercial banking system be offset by bringing under the control of the Federal Reserve System other types of financial intermediaries.2 The Gurley-Shaw thesis is essentially a criticism of the effectiveness of the commercial banking system as a vehicle of policy transmission because of the system's decline in importance. Commercial banks are profit-motivated institutions, and their response to central bank actions is largely influenced by the manner in which these actions affect their profit opportunities. However, if


Image processing plays a major role in biomedical applications in order to detect many diseases which affects human. It detects the gastrointestinal stromal cancer which affects the digestive system at the stomach. Image processing made it possible to detect, locate, provide the pre-state analysis of cancer and its stages. It uses image segmentation techniques such as threshold segmentation, clustering, edge detection, morphological operations and region based segmentation. Image segmentation process the PET scanned image according to the partitioning of images into its constituent regions or objects. It also uses homomorphic filter technique to highlight certain features of interest and to remove noises in an image. It is a subjective process which means that the human perception decides the best method from the obtained results. The approach of enhancement process involves the spatial domain and frequency domain methods. It also involves the region splitting and merging segmentation by processing an image in a region featured basis. The image can be functioned by considering several geometric properties based on the shape, structure and dimension of the cell. The results of this detection provides the accuracy in measurements and pre-state information of the cancerous


The level of autonomous functions in vehicular control systems has been on a steady rise. This rise makes it more challenging for control system engineers to ensure a high level of safety, especially against unexpected failures such as stochastic hardware failures. A generic Backtracking Process Algorithm (BPA) based on a deductive implementation of the Markov/Cell-to-Cell Mapping technique is proposed for the identification of critical scenarios leading to the violation of safety goals. A discretized state-space representation of the system allows tracing of fault propagation throughout the system, and the quantification of probabilistic system evolution in time. A case study of a Hybrid State Control System for an autonomous vehicle prone to a brake-by-wire failure is constructed. The hazard of interest is collision with a stationary vehicle. The BPA is implemented to identify the risk significant scenarios leading to the hazard of interest.


The first instar (triungulin) larva of Synhoria testacea (Fabricius), and another unidentified East African species, probably also a Synhoria, are descriptionbed. The descriptionptions and illustrations dearly demonstrate two pairs of ocelli in both species. Comparative morphological data and information on Horiini triungulins are also included.


Gitar Klasik Lampung or Peting Tunggal is an acculturation music between Portuguese music and Lampung music. The form of acculturation is the guitar instrument from Portuguese and lyrics, the tuning system, and grenek from Lampung Pepadun people's culture and intelligence. Gitar Klasik Lampung Pepadun is also known as a type of vocal instrument performance art which has long been an instrument of expression and a part of people's lives that are currently following the times. Until now, Gitar Klasik Lampung Pepadun has developed very rapidly due to the presence of indirect social media to promote this art. Finally, many young people have emerged to learn and show their expertise on Instagram and their personal Facebook. Already began to emerge sanggar's from the original village of Lampung who studied and became a pioneer of the Gitar Klasik Lampung Pepadun. Gitar Klasik Lampung Pepadun has a different tuning system than the standard guitar. The tuning system is called Stem Pal, Stem Kembang kacang, Stem Be, Stem sanak mewang, and Stem hawayang. Excerpts (tetti ') consist of tetti' pal, Tetti' kembang kacang, tetti' Stambul, tetti' Keroncong Pandan, tetti' Tiga serangkai, tetti' Las Bas, tetti' Sanak Mewang di Ejan, tetti' Sai Kris, Tetti 'Hawayang' and Sandung.


Edinburgh and its ancient university provided an important context for the reception of pre-Darwinian evolutionary theories. Much more socially and intellectually inclusive than the contemporary English universities, the open and tolerant atmosphere of the University of Edinburgh provided an atmosphere in which exciting new speculations on the natural world and man's place in it could be debated and discussed by both professors and students. Outside the University, Edinburgh's extra-mural anatomy schools were home to some of the most innovative thinkers in early nineteenth-century comparative anatomy, such as Robert Knox and Robert Grant. This chapter explores these institutions which played such a vital role in creating an atmosphere in which radical new ideas about the natural world could flourish.


Considering the industrialization of society and people's tendency to fast foods, consumption of these products has increased compared to the past. Therefore, enriching these products can be influential in promoting public health. In this research, the researchers checked semi-vegetarian sausage with higher quality and nutritional value and lower price, physicochemical, chemical, microbial and sensory properties by replacing pea and lentil seed flour at three levels of 5, 10, and 15 % instead of chicken in the formulation of sausage cocktail. To check this product, Sausage samples were tested by physicochemical, microbial, chemical and sensory experiments. Data from three iterations of this study's tests were analyzed by Duncan test. The results of variance analysis indicated a significant difference between protein, ash, hardness of product and free water WHC content of sausages and control group. Also, these showed that replacement of chickpea and lentil seed flour in sausage did not have a significant effect on fat, moisture, cooking loss, and pH content of the product. The results from sensory test indicated that parameters' scores decreased significantly with the increase of replacement level.


An electronically controlled parasitic antenna array consisting of one active element connected to a software defined radio (SDR) receiver and four passive parasitic elements used to design and construct affordable radio direction finding system. The directivity of the antenna array achieved by increasing/degreasing the electrical length of the parasitic elements. The design based on a central active monopole and an array of four parasitic monopoles equidistantly from the central element by 0.20 λ, placed on ground plane to provide the 360 degree azimuthal coverage without any moving parts, provides excellent directional resolution. The system is controlled by using Arduino to switch between regions (0-90),(90-180),(180-270) or (270-360) and analysed by using a newly developed method based on I/Q samples to extract the amplitude and phase of the desired signal to find the exact direction in that region. The antenna design, its application to determine the direction finding, the new algorithm are presented below.


The thermotropic mesomorphism of four-chains phasmids is similar to that of lyotropic systems. A cubic Im3m mesophase can be detected between a lamellar phase on one side and a columnar phase on the other side. Moreover, the same cubic phase is found for some three-chains phasmids. The lattice cell unit of this phase has been measured for several pure compounds and for binary mixtures. These measurements are consistent with a model of the molecular organisation in which two labyrinthes, each made of two molecular layers, are delimited by a periodic minimal balance surface. The layer thicknesses and the mean chain area are calculated on the basis of this model.


The oxidation of Sn-0.7Cu was researched by static high temperature corrosive and the method of scrape off film on the liquid Sn-0.7Cu surface,and compared with the results of Sn-37Pb.The results indicate that the oxidation of Sn-0.7Cu is more than Sn-37Pb's obviously on same temperature.The amount of oxidation residue on liquid solder surface increase with the frequency of scrape off the residue.The relation of the change of oxidation residue with time accord with the parabola rule.It is the basic reason of increase oxidation that the appetency of Sn-0.7Cu with oxygen is larger than Sn-37Pb and the surface film is loose.Increasing the consistency of surface film is the basic measure of decreasing oxidation reaction.


Book Printing with the Handpress. By DOROTHY AND LEWIS ALLAN (1968, pp. 61); Brother Antoninus: Poet, Printer, and Religious. By BROTHER ANTONINUS (WILLIAM EVERSON) (1966, pp. 97); Artist and Printer. By MALETTE DEAN(1970, pp. ii+ 105); Comments on Some Bay Area Fine Printers. By FRANCIS P. FARQUHAR(1968, pp. 22); Recollections of the Grabhorn Press. By EDWIN GRABHORN (1968, pp. 90); The Colt Press. By JANE GRABHORN (1966, pp. iv +43); Fine Printing and the Grabhorn Press. By ROBERT GRABHORN(I1968, pp. iii+ 129); The Grabhorn Press and the Grace Hoper Press. By KATHERINE AND SHERWOOD GROVER (1972, pp. v+94); Fine Printers of the San Francisco Bay Area. ByJAMES D. HART (1969, pp. ii+ 86); Two San Francisco Bookmen. By WARREN R. HOWELL(1967, pp. v+73); Recollections of San Francisco Prinkrs. By HAYWOOD HUNT (1967, pp. iv+53); A Life in Printing. By LAWTON KENNEDY (1967, pp. v+21 1); Literary San Francisco. By OSCAR LEWIS (1965, pp. iv+151); Bookselling and Creating Books. By DAVID MAGEE (1969, pp. iii+77); Photoengraving, 1910-1969. By WALTER MANN (1973, pp. v+94); The Schmidt Lithography Company. Vol. 1. By MAX SCHMIDT, JR. (1969, pp. 19), by HERMAN DIEDRICHS(I968, pp. 120), by BERNHARD H.SCHMIDT (1969, pp. 99); The Schmidt Lithography Company. Vol. 2. By ERNEST F. WUTHMAN(1969, pp. 52), by STEWART NORRIS(1969, pp. 55), by LORENZ SCHMIDT (1969, pp. 49); San Francisco Printers, 1925-1965. By ALBERT SPERISEN (1966, pp. ii+9 1); A Printed Word Has Its Own Measure. ByJACK W. STAUFFACHER (1969, pp. iii+104); Untitled Interview. By EDWARD DE WITT TAYLOR(1958, pp. 45); Printing and Book Design. By ADRIAN WILSON (1966, pp. iii+108). Berkeley: Regional Oral History Office.


Nausea and vomiting have long been recognized as common gastrointestinal manifestations of acute cardiac pain. Their precise diagnostic and prognostic


Chapter three elaborates the general legal debates in Britain and the British Empire, and specific and different positions through which property and land rights were argued over in the Nilgiris. Such debates came to have significant consequences for land law as it was applied in British India and shows the central position of property in the global expansion of the British Empire. The chapter distinguishes two contradictions that were common in the various colonial investigations, reports, and parliamentary debates. One concerns rights in land and resources where there were different positions about whether to privilege the immemorial rights of dwelling on and owning land, or the absolute rights of a sovereign ruler. The other debate that caused conflict related to the utility of nature and targeted specifically the use of nature for pastoralism or for settled cultivation. The chapter shows how both debates had crucial consequences for the codification of legal rights in land. It enquires into how the right of the Toda to own land was questioned and, over time and with the increasing involvement of European capital and control of the Nilgiri Hills, such 'rights' turned into the much weaker 'privilege'. In the process of codifying in written law people's rights to access and use nature, different communities of people were identified in relation to particular landscapes and their rights were determined by their perceived historical relationship to the land.


The article presents the regional specificity of the formation of the Orthodox clergy in the Lower Volga and Don in the 1940-1950s. The Battle of Stalingrad was the starting point of the Orthodox revival in the region. During the Battle of Stalingrad the opening of Orthodox churches, the restoration of the church structure began. Opened churches paralleled in the occupied territories of the Rostov and Stalingrad regions and border areas of the Stalingrad region, the Saratov region and the Astrakhan region. During 1942-1944 the Rostov region had about 251 Orthodox churches; the Stalingrad region 17, ithe Astrakhan region 3, the Saratov region 4. In 1953, the Rostov region had 219 churches, the Stalingrad region 31; the Astrakhan region 16, the Saratov region 14. The largest diocese in the region was Diocese of Rostov and Novocherkassk. As of Autumn 1945, the clergy consisted of one bishop, 200 priests, 14 deacons, 76 acolytes. Most of them returned to the church service during the occupation. In the Stalingrad region the number of clergy who served in the occupied territories, was minimal. In Rostov and Stalingrad not all parishes have registered clergy. In Astrakhan and Saratov state churches were fully staffed, but lacked the acolytes. Solving the personnel problems in the Church, bishops of the region actively ordained priests of the deacons, acolytes, church asset; invited to the service the priests released from places of exile and imprisonment, were on the rest of the staff, who returned to the bosom of the Orthodox Church of Renovationist split. Most of the clergy belonged to the older generation and took holy orders until 1917. In the 1950s, the region's clergy was replenished by graduates of seminaries, the priests of the Western Belarus and Ukraine. Restrictive government policies prevented the restoration of church life. The lack of priests caused the reduction in the number of registered Orthodox parishes in the Stalingrad area.


The vehicle information administration is designed on GPS,GPRS,embedded electronic technology and computer software technology. This system meets the need of vehicle information administration, realizes vehi-cle dynamic administration.This paper offers the hardware and software design of system, and provides low cost solution for vehicle administration information.


Context: In the area of critical real time systems it is crucial to have development methods which can ensure safety guarantees. Synchronous programming languages such as LUSTRE or SIGNAL [BCE03] have been introduced to provide a high level of abstraction for programming real-time systems. They are based on solid, elegant and yet simple mathematical foundations, which make it possible to handle the compilation and the verification of a program in a formal way. Their idea is to abstract away from real time and reason instead on a logical-time scale, defined as a succession of instants, where each instant corresponds to a reaction of the system. The program thus performs computations on flows, and some static analyses ensure that those are well-behaved. In particular, the clock calculus, typically presented as a type system, checks that computations that operate according to different clocks are combined in a correct manner. However there is a need for more expressive languages. First, complex embedded systems, such as e.g. aircraft flight control systems, are generally multi-periodic, because different devices of the system have different physical characteristics. The PRELUDE language [FBLP10] has been designed precisely to program such systems by handling explicitly various real-time constraints (e.g. periodicity, deadline). A second characteristic of control systems is that they are often multi-mode, where each mode implements a different behaviour; for the aircraft control system example one can think of take-off, cruise and landing modes. An intuitive way of thinking about multi-mode systems is by using a state machine representation, where each state corresponds to a mode [CPP05]. However defining the semantics of such a system is not straightforward and various choices are possible. Moreover the clock calculus, should be defined according to the semantics adopted. In [For22, FF22] the PRELUDE language has been extended to a multi-mode setting. However this was done with a particular choice of semantics, which in some cases leads to large periods for the flows. Moreover the clock type system designed for this semantics makes it difficult to carry out correctness proofs. Objectives: In this internship we propose to explore a general semantics for a multi-periodic and multimode synchronous language and to investigate the corresponding static analysis, in particular a dedicated clock type system. We will use for that the PRELUDE synchronous language of [For22] and propose to generalize its semantics so as to account for various ways of synchronizing the flows. In a second step, a clock type system will be defined which will reflect the choices made in the semantics. Finally an automatizable type inference procedure will be defined. If time permits, it will also be interesting to investigate if the type system can be extended with a notion of polymorphic clock. Expected background: Ideally, the candidate should have some familiarity with functional programming, denotational semantics and type systems. Some basic experience of programming in OCaml or another functional language would be appreciated.


The 1990s saw several international attempts to provide humanitarian assistance – often bolstered by military forces – to populations embroiled in armed internal conflicts. Examining the events in one instance – Somalia – makes it clear that the common misperception of humanitarian assistance as apolitical and neutral is dangerously counterproductive and can create unintended negative consequences for donors and intended recipients alike. The provision of aid during a conflict is an inherently interventionist action and future relief efforts, if they take this into account, will have a much better chance of success than did the aid efforts of the 1990s.


Problems dealing with the generation of surface waves in water involve the consideration of singularities of different types in the liquid. In the case when bodies are present in the liquid, waves may be either generated by the movement of the body, or reflected from the body. The two cases are essentially equivalent, and the resulting motion can be described by a series of singularities placed within the body. The boundary conditions on the surface of the body give equations from which the exact form of the potential can be obtained. Ursell (10) has solved in this manner the problem, earlier discussed by Dean(1), of the generation of surface waves by a submerged circular cylinder. In this two-dimensional problem he used a series of complex potential functions arising from multipoles at the centre of the cylinder, but the velocity potential of the motion could have been described, without the introduction of the stream function, in terms of the velocity potentials of the multipoles.


Preface The Ubiquity of Difference: They Saw a Game Transition and Difference in Relationships: With New Eyes Structural Analysis of Relationship Transitions: Similar Differences From Description to Explanation in Relationship Transition: Repititive without Repeating Relationship Security: Fitting Relations Relationship Disintegration: Taking Notice Relationship Alienation: Still Life Relationship Resynthesis: Homo Relatio Prospect: Via Appendixes References Index


The basic concepts and features about individual skill competition method are introduced and the competition methods and value of individual skill competition method in tennis teaching are stated aiming at enriching means and methods of tennis teaching,improving teaching efficiency.


In this paper I will present the way in which Lefort interprets modern democracy as a new form of society in regard to the sources of law and legitimacy. Lefort is a thinker who is difficult to place within the context of contemporary political theory: he not only defends democracy against Marxism but also thinks that this form of society cannot be circumscribed within the limits of the modern state, nor be understood through the categories that the tradition of political philosophy has developed to distinguish between political regimes. Lefort combines the defense of


The Family of Man was a 1955 photographic exhibition that depicted normal people in all walks of life from around the world. The viewer was visually confronted with the similarity of all people. The people of the world are now facing common health challenges as a result of changing lifestyles and increasing healthcare costs. Dietary supplements have the potential to be part of the solution. Dietary supplementation with antioxidant vitamins may be the most effective intervention for preventing the onset of Alzheimer's disease in the rapidly expanding elderly population-and at a very low cost. AIDS is devastating much of the developing world, where few resources are available to treat it victims. Inexpensive multivitamin supplements have been demonstrated to slow the progression of AIDS, reduce the death rate, reduce AIDSrelated morbidity, improve T cell counts, and reduce viral loads. Careful economic analysis demonstrate that calcium and folic acid supplementation could reduce healthcare costs in the USA by $13.9 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively. Most supplements with therapeutic potential have not been subjected to sufficiently rigorous research to permit unqualified public health recommendations. Carefully directed research is needed to identify the supplements with the greatest potential and to verify their safety and efficacy.


There is no doubt that electronic commerce facilitates international trade, lowers transaction cost, and help firms the maximize market access. Comprehensive programs have been implemented to provide better electronic commerce environments in international organizations such as the GECD, APEC and others, the WTO plays the most important role in implementing efficient standards and rules for electronic commerce. The implementation of concrete forms and rules in the WTO will be influential to international trade as member countries have to adopt them in their transactions. Considering that further discussion will be continued in GAITS, we need to analyze the problems and strategies for electronic commerce.


A major pathologic finding in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome is noninflammatory fibrosis and thickening of the subsynovial connective tissue. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of sonography to depict this thickening by comparing subsynovial connective tissue thickness in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and healthy control participants.


To identify rates of positive PRRSV antibody and immunization qualified ratio,4pig farms inoculated with attenuated vaccine and 3farms inoculated with inactivated vaccine have been examined.1036serum samples were tested for antibody using indirect ELISA.The results showed that rate of positive antibody of the 4farms was 79.05%(468/592)and average KQ was 49.63.Rate of positive antibody in the 3farms was 62.61%(278/444)and average KQ was 45.88。Therefore,attenuated vaccine was more effective for PRRSV than inactivated vaccine in large-scale pig farms,attenuated vaccine is recommended for PRRSV control in intensive large-scale pig farms.To apply the results of this study on pig reproduction and vaccination procedure in intensive farms,we also suggest that a booster immunization be given 1 month after the first vaccination in HPAIV areas.Vaccination on breeding sows before 70-day-old has same procedure as commercial pigs,boosting vaccinations before mating are recommended.Vaccination on breeding boars before 70-day-old has same procedure as commercial pigs,boosting vaccinations in every 4-6months are recommended.


i Dedication ii Acknowledgements iii List of Tables v List of Figures vi Chapter 1-Background 1 Chapter 2-Materials and General Methods 14 Chapter 3-Results 29 Chapter 4-Conclustions & Discussion 51 References 54 v List of Tables Table 1: Comparison of Kd Ca values and Hill numbers for different HTL concentrations.........................................................................31 Table 2: Comparison of Kd Ca values for different concentrations of HTL.......33 Table 3: Shift in Ca dependent ryanodine binding Kd as a function of redox potential and HTL concentration..................................................35 Table 4: Shift in Ca dependent ryanodine binding Kd as a function of time and HTL concentration....................................................................37 vi List of Figures Figure 1: The sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubule system of striated muscle cells............................................................................1 Figure 2: Excitation-contraction model........................................................3 Figure 3: 3D reconstruction of the calcium release channel protein..................5 Figure 4: Model of the Ca release protein gated by SH oxidation and reduction of three endogenous SH groups..................................................7 Figure 5: Metabolic conversions of Homocysteine and the chemical structures of methionine, Homocysteine, and Hcy-thiolactone...........................10 Figure 6: The reaction of HTL with the ε-amine moiety of protein lysine residues results in a post-translational modification known as N-Hcy-protein...11 Figure 7: Homocystamides serve as sites of protein radical initiation and concomitant structural changes.................................................12 Figure 8: Derivatization of protein carbonyls with DNPH...............................21 Figure 9: β-mercaptoethanol is required to visualize the ryanodine receptor......23 Figure 10: Determination of the molecular mass of significantly carbonylated bands...................................................................................27 Figure 11: Spot density tool in the analysis tab found in the AlphaEaseFC software................................................................................27 Figure 12: HTL sensitizes RyR2 to Ca dependent activation........................30 Figure 13: Shift in the calcium concentration needed to half maximally activate ryanodine binding in cardiac muscle as a function of HTL concentration.........................................................................31 Figure 14: HTL and GSH adducts formed after 25 hours do not change the sensitivity of RyR2..................................................................33 Figure 15: Solution redox potential alters the ability of HTL to sensitize RyR2 to Ca dependent activation.........................................................35 Figure 16: Shift in calcium dependent ryanodine binding after 6 hours of incubation with or without 100nM HTL.........................................37 vii Figure 17: Western blot image of RyR2 treated with increasing concentrations of HTL showing increased carbonylation.........................................38 Figure 18: Carbonylation of RyR2 as a function of HTL concentration.............40 Figure 19: Carbonylation as a function of solution redox potential with or without 100nM HTL...........................................................................41 Figure 20: Enhancement of carbonylation by HTL as a function of solution redox potential................................................................................42 Figure 21: Carbonylation increases as a function of time and HTL..................44 Figure 22: Enhancement of carbonylation by HTL as a function of time............45 Figure 23: Carbonylation increases as a function of free Ca with or without 100nM HTL............................................................................46 Figure 24: Enhancement of carbonylation by HTL as a function of Ca concentration.........................................................................47 Figure 25: Western blot image of SR treated with DNPH at increasing concentrations of free Ca shows increased carbonylation of multiple proteins................................................................................48 Figure 26: Carbonylation of the 205kDa protein as a function of free Ca concentration.........................................................................49


In this study, we propose a multi-granularity ordinal classification method to address the problem of emphasis selection. In detail, the word embedding is learned from Embeddings from Language Model (ELMO) to extract feature vector representation. Then, the ordinal classifica-tions are implemented on four different multi-granularities to approximate the continuous em-phasize values. Comparative experiments were conducted to compare the model with baseline in which the problem is transformed to label distribution problem.


The absorption and diffusion of carbon in Pd and Pd-based alloys can be important in applications of these materials as catalysts or membranes, but little is known about these processes. We used first principles calculations to characterize the absorption of C in pure Pd and PdM alloys with $M=\text{Ag}$, Au, and Cu. Our calculations show that the preferred configuration of C in Pd is as an interstitial atom; effects from Pd vacancies are minimal and substitutional sites are much less favorable. When the effects of thermal lattice expansion are included, our calculations predict C diffusivities in good agreement with experimental data, which is only available at elevated temperatures. Characterizing the binding energy and hopping energies of interstitial C in terms of lattice expansion or contraction is also a useful way to understand the effect of small amounts of $M=\text{Ag}$, Au, or Cu in PdM alloys. We also examined the properties of interstitial C in ${\text{Pd}}_{77.7}{\text{Ag}}_{22.3}$. Our calculations predict that the diffusivity of C in this alloy is two to three orders of magnitude lower than in pure Pd.


Theeffect ofkernel operations oncache optimisations ina soft-core reconfigurable system isimportant fordynamic cacheswitching design. Considering kernel operations changes thesubset ofcacheconfigurations that wouldbe chosen fordynamic cache switching andalso thedecisions onwhentocacheswitch. Theresults showthatkernel operations canskewtheeffectiveness ofapplication driven cache optimisations upto20%overtheoriginal execution time. Thisskewisshownbymapping theperformance of theapplications bothwithandwithout kernel operations. Themajority ofthekernel operations isduetotrap events generated bysystem calls like memoryallocation orfile reading. A cacheconfiguration analysis methodology for fast searching ofthedesign space isalso explained andwas usedtofind relevant changes duetokernel interference.


The paper explores the situation of China's maritime colleges in terms of their geographical distribution and development, and reaches the conclusion: the number of colleges that has set Marine profession is increasing,the set-up of Marine courses can be described as "intersectional,clustering, combining internal and external resources" and alliance between maritime colleges has become a trend. On this basis, the author gives some suggestions about the construction of China Maritime Police Academy.


ABSTRACT This article explores ritual practices among the Premi people in Southwest China at the beginning of the new millennium. Living in the periphery of Tibetan, Han Chinese and other Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups, Premi villagers have continued to keep an understanding of how the world works that is markedly different from their neighbours. The all-encompassing economic development of China is posing new challenges to the intangible entities in Premi cosmology. In its management of forests, waterways or birth control, the Chinese state is increasingly interfering with Premi ways of dealing with their surroundings. The chapter proposes to focus on the way one category of intangible entities of Premi cosmology, the lwéjabu or water deities, are seen as acting towards these challenges, rather than on the underlying ontological changes. An event where a member of a neighbouring ethnic group becomes an unwitting participant in a Premi medium séance makes the case for approaching extra-human forms of agency by beginning with the 'work' or 'effect' of the divine entities.


Source Citation Antoniucci D, Santoro GM, Bolognese L, et al. A clinical trial comparing primary stenting of the infarct-related artery with optimal primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarct...


ABSTRACT The Kaqchikel are an indigenous population who experienced political violence during the civil war and postwar conflict in Guatemala because their political ideology was in opposition to the military government. This formative study explored their trauma experiences and coping skills. We used a community member to recruit our small sample (N = 18) through convenience sampling. Participants expressed anxiety, depression, sadness, fear, and distrust stemming from incidents of trauma and violence and the loss of loved ones. Many participants identified family and community members as their major source of support. Positive coping strategies included having a strong religious faith and work ethic that helped them cope with distress. However, some participants resorted to negative coping behaviors such as alcohol abuse or knew of others who did. Our findings provide useful evidence to develop culturally-sensitive mental health services for this specific indigenous community.


The paper covers the smoking as a habit in Egypt in the 13th cent. AH  (= 19th  cent. AD). In this period, the Egyptians like to smoke after Dawn prayer and the times between Al- Asr prayer and  Al- Maghrib. The aristocrats and merchants preferred to smoke the Syrian and Turkish tobacco that had been presented with the coffee as a kind of good hospitality. The farmers had been preferred to present tobacco and cigarettes in their special events.
Women like to smoke too and the princesses of the royal family had servant girls all their duties were to prepare the tobacco for their mistresses. The women used to smoke in their meetings and parties. The paper explains how the tobacco was a priceless ware and had been presented as a prize in the competitions. The Hashish also took part in this paper and shown the religion's opinion about smoking it.


The heteroepitaxial growth of InP/GaAs/Si by hydride vapor phase epitaxy achieves laser diode (LD) device quality. Etch-pit density (EPD) measurements and transmission electron microscopy reveal two kinds of defects, threading dislocations and stacking faults, in the InP layer. Lowering the growth temperature of the direct InP layer on GaAs/Si reduces stacking fault density to the order of 104 cm-2. Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of an InGaAsP 1.5-µ m-wavelength LD fabricated on InP/GaAs/Si confirms its crystal quality.


We present the achievements of Lewis Bowen, or, more precisely, his breakthrough works after which a theory started to develop. The focus will therefore be made here on the isomorphism problem for Bernoulli actions of countable non-amenable groups which he solved brilliantly in two remarkable papers. Here two invariants were introduced, which led to many developments.


II. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................... 255 A. Brief Primer on Ocean Jurisdiction ...................................................... 256 B. Dispute Resolution and International Governance ............................... 257 C. The Power of Property .......................................................................... 259 D. Ocean Governance Support for an International Property Law Thesis ..................................................................................................... 260


Introduction A renewed spirit for space exploration is promisingly glowing on the horizon. The general public embraces the successes of ESA s Mars Express mission and NASA s Opportunity and Spirit rovers. The United States government has made some bold statements to return to the Moon and Mars and Europe has also set a clear foot in the arena by aiming to land a human on Mars within the first half of the coming century. In addition, emerging economic powers such as India and China have also expressed a clear interest in the exploration of our solar system.


A manifold $M^n$ inherits a labeled $n$-dimensional graph $\widetilde{M}[G^L]$ structure consisting of its charts. This structure enables one to characterize fundamental groups of manifolds, classify those of locally compact manifolds with finite non-homotopic loops by that of labeled graphs $G^L$. As a by-product, this approach also concludes that {\it every homotopy $n$-sphere is homeomorphic to the sphere $S^n$ for an integer $n\geq 1$}, particularly, the Perelman's result for $n=3$.


BACKGROUND: Treatment of adolescent migraine remains a significant unmet medical need. We compared the efficacy and safety of 3 doses of sumatriptan and naproxen sodium (suma/nap) combination tablets to placebo in the acute treatment of adolescent migraine. METHODS: This randomized, parallel group study in 12 to 17 year olds required 2 to 8 migraines per month (typically lasting .3 hours untreated) for $6 months. Subjects entered a 12-week run-in phase, treating 1 moderate-to-severe migraine (attack 1) with single-blind placebo. Subjects reporting headache pain 2 hours after dosing were randomly assigned into a 12-week double-blind phase, treating 1 moderate-to-severe migraine (attack 2) with placebo (n = 145), suma/ nap 10/60 mg (n = 96), 30/180 mg (n = 97), or 85/500 mg (n = 152). The primary end point was the percentage of subjects pain-free at 2 hours. RESULTS: The attack 2 adjusted (age; baseline pain severity) 2-hour pain-free rates were higher with suma/nap 10/60 mg (29%; adjusted P = .003), 30/180 mg (27%; adjusted P = .003), and 85/500 mg (24%; adjusted P = .003) versus placebo (10%). Posthoc primary end-point analyses did not demonstrate differences among the 3 doses or an age-by-treatment interaction. Statistically significant differences were found for 85/500 mg versus placebo for sustained pain-free 2 to 24 hours (23% vs 9%; adjusted P = .008), 2-hour photophobia-free (59% vs 41%; adjusted P = .008), and 2-hour phonophobia-free (60% vs 42%; adjusted P = .008). Analyses of other pain, associated symptoms, rescue medication use, and health outcome end points supported higher efficacy for active doses versus placebo. All active doses were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: All doses of suma/nap were well tolerated, providing similarly effective acute treatment of adolescent migraine pain and associated symptoms, as compared with placebo. Pediatrics 2012;129:e1411–e1420 AUTHORS: Frederick J. Derosier, DO,a Donald Lewis, MD,b Andrew D. Hershey, MD, PhD,c Paul K. Winner, DO,d Eric Pearlman, MD, PhD,e Arnold David Rothner, MD,f Steven L. Linder, MD,g David K. Goodman, BS,a Theresa B. Jimenez, MS,a Wendy K. Granberry, PharmD,a and M. Chris Runken, PharmDa aGlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; bDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia; cDivision of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; dPalm Beach Headache Center, West Palm Beach, Florida; eDepartment of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Savannah, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia; fDepartment of Neurology, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and gDepartment of Neurology, Dallas Pediatric Neurology Associates, Dallas, Texas


In a recent paper Dar and Shaviv (1994) presented results of calculations with an improved standard solar model (SSM) that suggest a standard physics solution to the solar neutrino problem. In a subsequent publication with a similar title Bahcall et al. (1994) have claimed to refute the results obtained by Dar and Shaviv. Here we show that the criticism and conclusions of Bahcall et al. are unjustified. In particular, their attempts to reproduce the results of Dar and Shaviv failed because they did not use the same nuclear cross sections and did not include in their calculations major physics improvements which were included in the improved SSM code used by Dar and Shaviv.


The aim of this paper is to present the concept of solution of the incentive conflict that exists within R&D cooperation between firms that share know-how. In the relevant literature formal and legally-based solutions to the above conflict are discussed, i.e. (i) know-how contracting and (ii) know-how licensing. In the following work the solution based on the idea of selecting the value of fixed set-up cost of cooperation is presented. The fixed set-up cost of cooperation can be treated as a strategic device that can be used by firms to stabilize R&D cooperation. On the basis of formal analysis it is found that optimal levels of know-how revealed by all cooperating firms rise with the value of fixed set-up cost of R&D cooperation borne by any of cooperating firms. This novel result seems salient to the management practice in the field of R&D cooperation.


This essay examines Zilpha Keatley Snyder's Newbery Honor Book The Witches of Worm and the initial trilogy of Phyllis Reynolds Naylor's The Witch's Sister saga to uncover how they explore cultural fears related to the changing maternal roles of women in the 1970s via the trope of the "gothic" child. While images of possessed or evil children in other works of the same period signal the failure and abject status of mothers, these novels use the trope to reflect on mother-daughter relations and female development in ways that challenge processes of maternal abjection and destabilize normative images of motherhood.


In this paper an analysis of sparse wideband sonar images, obtained using compressive sensing reconstruction methods, for generally positioned off-grid targets, is presented. An exact relation is derived for the expected squared error in the resulting sonar image reconstructed from a reduced set of measurements, assuming the sparsity constraint. The error depends on the number of available data, as compared to the complete set of data, and the assumed sparsity. Since the signal is not on the grid, it looses the property of sparsity in the transformation domain. The effects of random sampling and noise will be illustrated and checked on examples as well.


This paper describes a method for recognition of continuous facial expression change in video sequences. ASM automatically localizes the facial feature points in the first frame and then tracks the feature points through the video frames. After that the step is the selection of the 20 optimal key facial points, those which change the most with changes in expression. Since the distance of geometric features, a set of displacement vectors, is of a high dimensions, it is mapped into a low dimensional space, called feature space, by applying PCA expansion. Then estimation of input image is achieved by projecting it on to the feature space. After build the feature space, we trained SVM classification and tested it for result.


X-ray emissions form Xe cryogenic target, Kr cryogenic target and Xe gas target were studied and compared. A high average high peak brightness pulsed Nd:YAG laser was successfully developed as a driver for high average power laser plasmas x-ray sources. A target system that can supply cryogenic targets without interrupting the operation was also developed. Any discrete images of fast debris of several 10 micrometers or more in diameter were not observed in backlighting experiments. A new approach to extinguish the fast debris from the cryogenic target by using 'laser shower' was proposed and proved to be practical.


i. Both Inhbin-B and AMH had undetectable levels in the 7 patients treated with tamoxifen and in 7/8 patients treated with tamoxifen + chemotherapy. In the latter case one of the patients presented high levels of both. ii. In the case of treatment with chemotherapy, three of the patients had very low levels of Inhibin-B and undetectable AMH whereas one of them presented a high level of Inhibin-B and AMH intermediate.


This paper is about the applicability of water plasma arc welding for the mild steel pieces and how the process will take place. This is done with an intension of knowing the parameters and how they will influence the rate and mechanism o welding especially if it compared with the conventional welding processes. There should be some specific reason for an action in the universe as like the usage of plasma arc welding too. This is been discovered for the making of intricate hole and in the high precise applications such as aerospace industry. With reference to that as the plasma arc welding can make to such an extent produce the high precise holes. Why can't it will produce the high strength welding and defects free welding. This is intension for this research and this is what exactly been carried out for by making the water plasma arc welding for the mild steel pieces of three sizes. While performing welding, the process parameters and decision variables were emphasized but recording the data, analyzing that and summarizing at the end finalizing them. After that the Non destructive and destructive testing's carried out for knowing the soundness of the weld.


Industrial progress is impossible without cooperation of labour and its harmonious relationships. Therefore, it is in the interest of all to create and maintain good relations between employees and employers. The researcher had made an attempt to evaluate the impact of liberalization polices on industrial relations pertaining to i.e. Wage & Salary Administration, Security measuresand Welfare facilities by taking twenty six parameter for the jute industry in Visakhapatnam districts of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh. The researcher has personally collected the opinions of the respondents through the structured questionnaire. The collected data are analyzed through KMO test, Factor Analysis, Bivariate Correlation Matrix Reliability test. The Analysis shows that the employees are considering three parameters out of twelve of salary and wage administration, two out of seven for social security measure and all parameter for welfare facilities.


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease often associated with a significant long-term disease burden. AD can profoundly impact a patient's physical and mental health. Current AD management recommendations do not capture patient perspectives on their treatment needs, expectations and drivers of decision-making. Qualitative patient research is needed to support the creation of patient-centric recommendations for AD assessment and management. To study a large, international, ethnically diverse population of patients with AD that will enable the creation of patient-centric recommendations for AD management. Adult patients (≥18 years old) receiving treatment for AD were recruited from patient market research databases, clinician referrals, and local advertising. All patients were screened via a questionnaire to ensure a balanced and diverse range of ages, gender, educational levels, geographic locations, and AD severities, and to confirm that they were currently receiving treatment for AD. Patients participated in a 45-minute, 1 : 1 telephone interview conducted in their native language by the research team. These interviews explored the impact of AD on patients' lives, patients' most troublesome symptoms, how patients make treatment decisions and patients' treatment expectations. Patients were also questioned on their current knowledge of AD scoring systems and what they thought was most important to include in AD scoring systems. A large ethnically diverse global patient population (N = 88; 15 countries) was included in the study. AD was reported to have a substantial, broad impact on patients' lives, with patients being affected by AD at all times of the day and night. Itch, skin redness, dry/flaky skin and sleep disturbance were the most frequently reported signs and symptoms, with over 75% of patients experiencing them every 1–3 days. The itch was cited by 37% of patients as being the primary reason for changing AD treatments. In addition, the research revealed that mental health issues such as anxiety and depression are common in patients suffering from AD, and these features have the greatest negative impact on patients' daily lives. Patients reported that AD impairs their quality of life, with many perceiving that clinicians underestimate this burden; this was reported more often for non-specialists compared with dermatologists. Patients also felt they were often not given enough time to express themselves in medical appointments and reported an inability to optimally communicate with their clinicians. Patients had little awareness of AD severity scoring systems, with almost no survey respondents reporting their use during previous healthcare encounters. When questioned about their preferences for different AD scoring systems, patients favoured using a combination of patient-reported outcomes to reflect disease burden and clinician-reported outcomes to ensure consistency across different physicians and patient populations. These preferences indicate that an optimal scoring system would consider a diverse range of symptoms, and the variable nature of AD, and be accessible regardless of education level. No single AD scoring system was preferred by all patients. Patients indicated that they would like AD scoring systems to be incorporated into clinical practice, to help them communicate their AD burden to clinicians, and to provide a clear framework for monitoring treatment response. This global patient study generated insights into the burden of AD on patients' lives, their expectations of treatment, and their views on AD scoring methods. Results provided an evidence base for the development of patient-centric recommendations for AD management.


This paper describes the application of a semi-active variable viscous (SAVV) damper for reducing the response of a seismically excited hysteretic structure. Two algorithms for selecting the damping properties of the SAVV damper were used: the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and the Sliding Mode Control (SMC) algorithms. Both were formulated based on full-state feedback and static output feedback, with or without an observer. The equations of motion were formulated in the state-space and in the drift (inter-story) coordinate system. An eight-story shear building with a seismic isolation system supplemented with a SAVV was analyzed using the selected control algorithms and subjected to a strong earthquake. The results of the various analyses indicate that variable dampers can effectively reduce both the displacement and acceleration responses, and consequently, the story and base shears of both linear and hysteretic structures.


Examining the ratios of quest types in the game World of Warcraft provides a foundation for researching the motivation behind Blizzard's quest breakdown and how it is influenced both


Since the Google Spain judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, Europeans have, under certain conditions, the right to have search results for their name delisted. This paper examines how the Google Spain judgment has been applied in the Netherlands. Since the Google Spain judgment, Dutch courts have decided on two cases regarding delisting requests. In both cases, the Dutch courts considered freedom of expression aspects of delisting more thoroughly than the Court of Justice. However, the effect of the Google Spain judgment on freedom of expression is difficult to assess, as search engine operators decide about most delisting requests without disclosing much about their decisions.


Grain yields of field crops in mountain Lika-Senj county of Croatia are considerably lower than in lowland area, mainly as affected by soil and climatic limitations. The field experiment with increased rates of P fertilization was conducted at beginning of May 2001. Four rates of ameliorative P fertilization were applied in form of monoammonium phosphate (MAP: 12% N + 52% P2O5) as follows (kg P2O5/ha): a) control, b) a + 500 , c) a + 1000, d) a + 1500 and f) a + 2000. The field experiment was conducted in four replicates (experimental plot of fertilization = 64.26 m2) by three corn hybrids (early maturity groups of hybrids: Alpos, OsSK247 and OsSK332: experimental plot of hybrid = 28.6 m2). Corn was sown in term May 16 and harvested in October 5, 2001. Theoretical plant density (TPD) was 71429 plants/ha (distance in row 20 cm, interrov spacing 70 cm). Corn grain yields were calculated on 90% TPD and 14% grain moisture basis. In general, by phosphorus application, corn grain yields were increased for 30% compared to the control and they were as follows: 6.87, 7.89, 7.81, 8.96 and 9.02 t/ha, for the control, 500, 100, 1500 and 2000 kg P2O5/ha. Depending on the hybrids, grain yields were as follows: 7.65, 8.02 and 8.65 t/ha, for Alpos. OsSK247 and OsSK332, respectively. Response to P fertilization was depended also on the hybrids. For example, OsSK 247 responded by yield increases by application of 2000 kg, while by remaining two tested hybrids the highest yield was found by application 1500 kg P2O5/ /ha. Under environmental conditions of cold climate at Lika region, Alpos should be recommend for matured grain, while OsSK247 and OsSK332 as ensilage corn. By growing of hybrids of the earliest maturity group (for example, Alpos) is possible in cold climate of Lika region to produce matured grain. However, more chances is for successful growing of ensilage corn for need of livestock feeding on own farm. We recommend application of the higher P quantities by fertilization for normalization of corn grain yields on P-deficient soils.


Let M be a compact oriented C°° manifold of dimension 4k with boundary B of dimension 4k — 1, and let g be a Riemannian metric on M. Being given a power series with real coefficients P e R[[xAi]] in variables xH, i = 1, 2, one may replace Jt4i by the real 4/-form Pt which gives the /-th Pontrjagin class βPi of M, expressed in the standard way in terms of the curvature 2-forms Ωjk of the Riemannian metric g, and integrate the component of dimension 4k over M to obtain a real number


Adjunct engineering faculty are being utilized to a greater extent in engineering education for a variety of reasons. When utilized properly, they can be a valuable asset to engineering programs in their efforts to prepare future engineers for professional engineering practice. Adjunct faculty from industry typically possess an abundance of real world experiences which can enhance student learning. Recent changes in ABET accreditation criteria and educational initiatives by professional societies like ASCE have provided justification for the use of adjunct faculty to provide a more complete educational experience for engineering students. This paper discusses the use of adjunct faculty in engineering education and provides recommendations regarding adjunct faculty as a way to better prepare future engineers for engineering practice.


Among its more serviceable discussions are suggestions for occupational surveys, surveys of further education, and recreational surveys. Perhaps most novel and of greatest service for the school man is the rather detailed and concrete plan for a community co-ordinating council for youth, which will define needs, appraise resources, determine and co-ordinate areas of service, and develop a central record system and a public-relations program. The concluding chapter consists of a technique for appraising the community provisions for


A research was carried out in Rongyuan Primary School and Meixihu Experimental Primary School with MHT scale to investigate the mental health status of 264 primary school students using random sampling in order to get the mental health education status of primary school students in Changsha City. The results show that the major mental problems are learning anxiety, body symptom, panic tendency on gender difference, which needs the extensive concern of the school, family and society, and that mental health problems in the other aspects are not obvious and differences do not exist in different grades. Therefore, schools should develop school-based curriculum on mental health to keep the students' mental health with the effort of parents and the whole society.


............................................................................................................................... 3 CONTENTS TABLE ..................................................................................................................... 4 TABLE OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. 10 TABLE OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... 32 TABLE OF EQUATIONS ............................................................................................................ 34 AUTHOR'S DECLARATION AND PUBLICATIONS ARISEN FROM THIS PHD ................................ 36 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS SPECIFICALLY COINED WITHIN THIS PHD THESIS ... 37 ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................. 37 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 38 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 38 1.2 PERSISTENCE OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS WITHIN HOST POPULATIONS ................................................ 42 1.3 VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF AN INFECTIOUS AGENT AND ITS ROLE IN DISEASE PERSISTENCE ................ 43 1.4 INAPPARENT (ASYMPTOMATIC) INFECTIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN DISEASE PERSISTENCE ....................... 45 1.5 INAPPARENT (COVERT) INFECTIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN DISEASE PERSISTENCE .................................. 46 1.6 BACULOVIRUSES, PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA AND ITS BACULOVIRUS PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA GRANULOVIRUS (PIGV) ........................................................................................................ 47 1.7 DENGUE VIRUSES AND THE ILLNESSES THEY CAUSE ..................................................................... 48 1.8 SUMMARY OF THE PROCEEDING CHAPTERS ............................................................................... 50 CHAPTER 2: THE IMPACT OF HOST FOOD RESOURCE LEVEL ON VERTICALLY TRANSMITTED COVERT PIGV WITHIN ITS HOST PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA .............................. 53 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... 53.................................................................................................................................. 53


: Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. However, the comprehensive utilization of anticoagulation therapy in patients with VTE, especially regarding active cancer, in real-world practice remains unclear. Objective To describe the prescription, persistence, and patterns of anticoagulation therapy among patients


The synthesis of citronellal, an added-value chemical for perfumery, was carried out by selective and green hydrogenation of citral into citronellal in water. Aqueous suspensions of spherical ammonium-capped palladium nanoparticles with sizes around 3nm selectively reduced the conjugated carbon-carbon double bond. An excellent selectivity of 95% in citronellal was achieved at complete conversion under mild reaction conditions on a realistic 2 g scale in water. The presence of potassium hydroxide proved crucial to control the selectivity and avoid other hydrogenation co-products. These optimized results were further extended to a 135 g substrate loading with a relevant turnover number (TON) of 10 000.


We have designed an integrated photonic image rejection filter for use in an optical beamforming network. Ring resonator-based image rejection topology is adapted to achieve a maximally flat passband transmission and a low delay dispersion simultaneously. Additionally, a pseudo elliptic image rejection filter is designed with a group delay ripple of < 1 ps and a suppression of more than 35 dB to demonstrate its viability in an optical beamforming network.


The now recognized trend toward lighter fuel efficient vehicles mandates that such an automotive market be served by improving on-road mobility of such vehicles particularly during construction periods and/or in inclement weather. This paper discusses one method of achieving that mobility. 2 refs.


ABSTRACTHuman calcitonin (hCT) is a 32 amino acid peptide participating in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in humans. It is used in clinics for treatment of diseases related to bone decalcification, such as Paget disease, osteoporosis imperfecta, parathyroid gland carcinomas, etc. A synthetic hCT tetrameric (hCTt) gene is now cloned in binary vectors for gene expression in yeast and plants. The vector for expression in yeast is based on 2μ plasmid containing the α-factor leader sequence. The plasmid for expression in plants carries the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter linked to the tobacco etch virus 5′-nontranslated leader sequence acting as a translational enhancer. Two strains of yeast cells (GRF18 and VY168) and one cultivar of potato (Solanum tuberosum Nevski) were transformed and expression of the hCTt gene was studied by mRNA-DNA hybridization, RT-PCR, Northern-blot analysis, ELISA and RIA. The yield of recombinant hCTt was estimated to be about 12–20 mg per liter of yeast ...


Office-based surgery and photography simple techniques in cutaneous surgery laser surgery incision techniques in cutaneous surgery treatment of benign lesions treatment of (pre)malignant lesions miscroscopically-controled excisions healing by secondary intention skin grafts local skin flaps injectable collagen - implantation techniques dermabrasion scar revision and camouflage acne scars chemical face peeling surgical management of alopecia liposuction in the face and neck cosmetics and corrective makeup.


The authors describe a novel method for generating fine metal lines with a laser. The laser radiation is focused onto the surface of a nonconductive silver nitrate-doped polymer film to reduce silver. By translating the surface relative to the laser beam, a highly conductive silver line is formed. The measured resistance agrees well with th computed value for a silver conductor of comparable dimensions.


NAISSANCE: LITERACY, TERRITORIALITY AND COLONIZATION (1995) was driven by my desire and need to understand the opening up of the Atlantic in the sixteenth century, its historical, theoretical, and political consequences. How was it that coexisting socioeconomic organizations like the Ottoman and Mughal sultanates as well as the incanate in the Andes and the tlahtoanate in the Valley of Mexico were either inferior or almost absent in the global historical picture ofthe time? I became aware, for example, that people in the Valley of Mexico living in the Aztec tlahtoanate, whether in conformity or dissenting, were compared?by the Spaniards?with the Jews. The comparison was twofold: on the one hand, the Indians and the Jews were dirty and untrustworthy people; on the other hand, the Indians in the New World may have been part of the Jewish diaspora. So, the comparison got in trouble, because Indians and Jews may have been the same people. The Jesuit priest Jose de Acosta, in his Histo ria natural y moral de las Indias (1589), asked whether the Indians descended from the Jews, addressing a question that was on every body's mind. He dismissed the possibility ofthe connection, because the Jews had had a sophisticated writing system for a long time while the Indians were illiterate (in the Western sense ofthe word). Jews liked money, Acosta pointed out, while Indians were not even aware


A remote sensing system for frequent monitoring of soil erosion at large scale is proposed in the paper. The target of the system is introduced firstly. Then how to build the system is discussed. Lastly the key problems are investigated.


We use exact four-boson scattering equations in the momentum-space framework to study the universal properties of shallow Efimov tetramers and their dependence on the two-boson scattering length. We demonstrate that, in contrast to previous predictions, the shallow tetramer in a particular experimentally unexplored regime is not an unstable bound state but an inelastic virtual state. This leads to a resonant behaviour of the atom-trimer scattering length and thereby to a resonant enhancement of the trimer relaxation in ultracold atom-trimer mixtures.


The invention provides a DSP (digital signal processor) remote wireless upgrading method based on GPRS (general packet radio service), relates to a DSP remote wireless upgrading method and aims to solve the problem that optical fiber laying is time-consuming labor-consuming and difficult to maintain by a wired upgrading method. The method includes: a local server sends an upgrading instruction to a remote terminal device by a GPRS network, and the remote terminal device enters an upgrading mode after receiving the instruction and returns OK for response; the local server sequentially sends upgrading data frames, the remote terminal device checks the data frames and determines to be correct, and the data frames are stored into an external RAM (random access memory); and after all the data frames are sent, the remote terminal device erases a flash programming area inside a DSP and writes in program codes in the external RAM and reboots a chip to complete whole upgrading. The method is suitable for DSP remote wireless upgrading.


The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Thus, it results in substantial challenges to mental health, and improving employee well-being (EWB) becomes an important human resource management issue. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce psychological impacts. This study aimed to examine how vigour, dedication, and absorption affect employee well-being among employee working from home (WFH) in the service sector context during the COVID-19 pandemic. A snowball sampling was used by drawing responses from 152 executives and higher-level positions working in the Malaysian service sector through an online survey questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using structural equation modelling. The findings indicate that vigour and absorption have a significant positive effect on employee well-being while dedication was found to be no direct effect on employee well-being. Our results suggest that work engagement is an important work behaviour, not only promotes effective work outcomes but also has a positive impact on an individual's well-being. The data for the study were collected from the employees working in the service industry during COVID-19 pandemic situation. Future research could evaluate other factors as potential moderators or mediators, such as employee resilience and risk behaviour, to further evaluate the employee's well-being and further establish its validity. The study contributes by integrating the conservation of resources theory (COR) in the pandemic situation. In the previous COVID-19 pandemic circumstance, the results showed evidence that answered the question of how work engagement played a role in promoting employee well-being in a Malaysian service sector setting.


The paper aims to obtain the expression of the velocity of lubricating fluid in the hydrodynamic journal bearings by analytical method. In the classical short-bearing theory, the fluid flow was studied by ignoring the effect of centrifugal force of the lubricating fluid film. However, the self-oscillation of the shaft of high-power motors does not follow the rules in classical hydrodynamic lubrication theory. To explain this phenomenon, a modified form of Reynolds equation, in which the influence of centrifugal force of the lubricant is not ignored, is established. The study aims to establish the modified Reynolds equation by including the effect of centrifugal forces for the case of the short bearing type. Integration of the Navier-Stokes equations, yield the expressions for the components of velocity of the lubricating fluid in the gap. The oil's pressure in the hydrodynamic journal bearing is obtained by solving the modified Reynolds equation. The numerical results are considered in the case of the stable equilibrium position of the motion of the shaft, i.e. the symmetry axis of the shaft does not move. The plots of the velocity components in the tangential axial direction are displayed too. The theoretical results of a parabolic velocity distribution similar to that of a Newtonian fluid, derived from a Bingham plastic flow model. The flow in the gap, which are obtained by analytical method, are completely consistent with its boundary conditions and its physical properties. Further, with these results, the paper as a lemma to solve the dynamics problem in floating ring bearing with the influence of the centrifugal force of the lubricant


In her book The Threshold of the Visible World, Kaja Silverman defines the 'ethics of vision' as being concerned, first, with articulating 'social and psychic constraints' and their possible circumventions in relation to our bodily identification, and second, with how these social and psychic forces regulate the category of 'the look' in the visual domain constituted by the gaze and the screen.1 This paper investigates Silverman's notion of the ethics of vision in relation to Phillip Noyce's film Rabbit Proof Fence. The central issues will be the mythologisation of distance and the idea of postcolonial guilt. Publicity for the film provides the storyline as follows:


Complexed with its intracellular receptor, FKBP12, the natural product rapamycin inhibits G, progression of the cell cycle in a variety of mammalian cell lines and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae. Previously, a mammalian protein that directly associates with FKBP12-rapamycin has been identified and its encoding gene has been cloned from both human (designated FRAP) [Brown, E. J., Albers, M. W., Shin, T. B., Ichikawa, K., Keith, C. T., Lane, W. S. & Schreiber, S. L. (1994) Nature (London) 369, 756-758] and rat (designated RAFT) [Sabatini, D. M., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Lui, M., Tempst, P. & Snyder, S. H. (1994) CeUl 78,35-43]. The full-length FRAP is a 289-kDa protein containing a putative phosphatidylinositol kinase domain. Using an in vitro transcription/translation assay method coupled with proteolysis studies, we have identified an 11-kDa FKBP12-rapamycinbinding domain within FRAP. This minimal binding domain lies N-terminal to the kinase domain and spans residues 2025-2114. In addition, we have carried out mutagenesis studies to investigate the role of Ser2035, a potential phosphorylation site for protein kinase C within this domain. We now show that the FRAP Ser2035 -* Ala mutant displays similar binding affinity when compared with the wild-type protein, whereas all other mutations at this site, including mimics of phosphoserine, abolish binding, presumably due to either unfavorable steric interactions or induced conformational changes. By inhibiting intermediate steps in signal transduction leading to G, progression of the cell cycle in a variety of mammalian cell lines (1-4) and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (5-7), rapamycin may illuminate the events that link mitogenic signaling and the cell cycle machinery. Association with an intracellular FK506and rapamycin-binding protein (FKBP12) is necessary for the actions of rapamycin (1, 2, 5-7), which has been shown to block the activation of p70 S6 kinase (p7OS6K) (4, 8-10) and cyclin-dependent kinases (11-14). These downstream proteins, however, have been shown not to be the direct target of the FKBP12-rapamycin complex. Recently, a mammalian protein that directly associates with FKBP12rapamycin was isolated and its encoding gene was cloned independently from human and rat by two research groups (15, 16). The human protein is designated FRAP (EKBP12rapamycin-associated protein) (15), and the rat protein, RAFT1 (rapamycin and FKBP12 target 1) (16), has >98% sequence identity to FRAP. Human FRAP is a 289-kDa protein composed of 2549 aa. It is highly related to two gene products from S. cerevisiae, TOR1/DRR1 and TOR2/DRR2 (7, 17-19), identified through rapamycin-resistant mutations. FRAP is 43% identical to TOR1/DRR1 and 45% identical to TOR2/DRR2. The C-terminal 660 aa of FRAP display a The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. greater homology to TOR1/DRR1 (57% identity) and TOR2/ DRR2 (59% identity), which also have homology to several known phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinases, including mammalian PI 3-kinase (20) and a yeast PI 3-kinase, VPS34 (21). These similarities imply that this C-terminal portion of FRAP may contain a lipid kinase (LK) domain. A potential site for phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC) is present in TOR1 (Ser1972-Arg) and TOR2 (Ser1975-Arg), and mutations at Ser'972 [Ser1972 -Arg (S1972R) and S1972N] in TOR1 or at Ser1975 (S1975I) in TOR2 render yeast cells resistant to rapamycin (17, 19). This Ser-Arg site is conserved in FRAP, which gives rise to the possibility of its involvement in the interaction between FRAP and FKBP12-rapamycin. Here we report mapping of the minimal human FKBP12rapamycin-binding domain (FRB domain) in FRAP through a proteolysis approach and utilizing an in vitro transcription/ translation assay system. A small, 90-aa fragment of FRAP is shown to be sufficient to confer specific FKBP12 binding in a rapamycin-dependent fashion, with undiminished binding affinity compared with larger fragments. Further, we have probed the role of Ser2035 in the FKBP12-rapamycin-FRAP binding interactions; this residue is most probably located in the interface between FRAP and FKBP12-rapamycin, and replacement with any residue that contains a larger side chain, including mimics of phosphoserine, abolishes binding activity, presumably due to steric hindrance or an induced conformational change. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasmids, Bacteria, and DNA Manipulations. The vector pGEX-2T (Pharmacia) was used for expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins in Escherichia coli strain BL21. In vitro transcription/translation was carried out on the vector pET-5a, which contains a phage T7 promoter (22). Site-specific mutagenesis was performed according to Kunkel (23) with uracil-containing pBS/SK-derived DNA template isolated from the E. coli strain CJ236. Restriction enzymes were purchased from New England Biolabs. Purification of GST Fusion Proteins. cDNAs encoding human FKBP12 (24) and the 12-kDa FRAP fragment (FRAP12) were subcloned into pGEX-2T for the expression and purification of GST-FKBP12 (GFK) and GST-FRAP12, as well as FRAP12, according to standard procedures (manual from Pharmacia). Partial Purification ofProteolytic Bovine FRAP Fragments. FRAP was isolated from fresh bovine brain (15). Brain homogenate was loaded onto an S-Sepharose (Pharmacia) column equilibrated with PIP buffer (50 mM sodium phosAbbreviations: FKBP, FK506and rapamycin-binding protein; FRAP, FKBP12-associated protein; GST, glutathione S-transferase; GFK, GST-FKBP12 fusion protein; FRB domain, FKBP12-rapamycinbinding domain; LK, lipid kinase; PKC, protein kinase C. *To whom reprint requests should be addressed.


On the issues that N80Q casings made by some company have low first-time qualified rates in tensile tests and unstable mechanical properties,the process capability of the company was evaluated with process ability index,and the reasons were analyzed both in the material chemical composition and heat treatment process aspects.Finally,the relevant improvement measures were put forward.


The Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) was established by the Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, the second regional fisheries management organization (RFMO) created after the negotiation of the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (UNFA). Although the WCPF Convention is closely modeled on the UNFA, and stands as one of the first attempts to implement the provisions of the global agreement, it must be recalled that it applies to a region with unique geographical and political characteristics. The WCPF Convention is clearly structured in a manner compatible with the UNFA, and much of the actual text is drawn directly from the global agreement. Keywords:regional fisheries management organization (RFMO); UNFA; WCPFC


In this paper, we consider a general discrete-time queueing system with D-BMAP(discrete-time batch Markovian arrival process) and D-policy. An idle single server becomes busy when the total service times of waiting customer group exceeds the predetermined workload threshold D. Once the server starts busy period, the server provides service until there is no customer in the system. The steady-state workload distribution is derived in the form of generating function. Mean workload is derived as a performance measure. Simulation is also performed for the purpose of verification and a simple numerical example is shown.


We report on the mechanisms leading to beam quality degradation in conventional and DBR tapered lasers at high operating powers. The simulations were performed on ELoD2 975nm DBR tapered lasers using an in-house laser simulation tool, Speclase. We show how light propagating outside the ridge waveguide leads to beam quality degradation, showing both how the absorption in this region is bleached and where the forward propagating light comes from — even when the rear facet is anti-reflection coated.


of being and behaving that can obscure the mechanisms of social stratification (Pierre Bourdieu, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, translated by Richard Nice, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984). Given the heterogeneity of the body of Christ and the changing profile of theological students with regards to age and racial and ethnic backgrounds, it will be important to distinguish between true wisdom and virtue from normative assumptions and prejudices. Chapter 4 is the most speculative component of the book, as it describes the educational practices needed to meet the goals outlined in chapter 3. Aleshire reminds us that we are not starting from scratch here, as this "formational" version of theological education is at the heart of many students' motivations for enrolling in these programs in the first place: a sense of calling or vocation. Further, the Catholic model of theological education has retained a considerable focus on the spiritual formation of their graduates all along. At the same time, there is considerable infrastructure work to be done in the current model of theological education in order to accommodate this shift in goals. As Aleshire comments in his foreword, this book is akin to an "extended essay" rather than a heavy tome. I believe he meets his goal for the manuscript to be readable in a single airplane ride, although I also think readers would benefit from taking their time to carefully digest the wisdom Aleshire brings to the table. It is a succinct but thoughtful work and covers a great deal of ground in its four chapters. Although its focus is clearly on a specific type of education, this book speaks to the changing philosophy and practice of higher education writ large, including the tension between purposeful and pre-professional preparation that many undergraduate institutions are also struggling to balance.


Based on a basic principle of orbital resonance, we have identified a huge deficit of solar radiation induced by the combined amplitude and frequency modulation of the Earth's obliquity as possibly the causal mechanism for ice age glaciation. Including this modulation effect on solar radiation, we have performed model simulations of climate change for the past 2 million years. Simulation results show that: (1) For the past 1 million years, temperature fluctuation cycles were dominated by a 100-Kyr period due to amplitude-frequency resonance effect of the obliquity; (2) From 2 to 1 million years ago, the amplitude-frequency interactions. of the obliquity were so weak that they were not able to stimulate a resonance effect on solar radiation; (3) Amplitude and frequency modulation analysis on solar radiation provides a series of resonance in the incoming solar radiation which may shift the glaciation cycles from 41-Kyr to 100-Kyr about 0.9 million years ago. These results are in good agreement with the marine and continental paleoclimate records. Thus, the proposed climate response to the combined amplitude and frequency modulation of the Earth's obliquity may be the key to understanding the glaciation puzzles in paleoclimatology.


The first manganese derivative of the donor-stabilized bis(silylene) complex (OC) 4 Mn{SiMe 2 ...O(Me)... SiMe 2 } has been synthesized by the photolysis of (OC) 5 MnSiMe 2 SiMe 2 SiMe 2 OMe. The X-ray structure analysis of this complex revealed its distorted-octahedral structure with two short Mn-Si bonds and a planar MnSi 2 O chelate ring


The English Highways Agency (HA) commissioned TRL to investigate congestion costs associated with all types of abnormal load in the UK. Fourteen major moves were obesrved, and 60 others analysed from loop detector data. A congestion model was developed which assists decisions about when to allow loads to travel and whether water or another alternative should be considered. The HA issues 300-400 special order permits each year for items exceeding 6.1 m wide, or 30m rigid length, or 150,000 kg. Special order moves show decreasing frequency as distance increases. There is a Government preference to move such loads by water if possible, but the UK lacks long-distance internal waterways equivalent to the River Rhine in continental Europe. The UK canal network is too constricted for many abnormal loads. The costs of water movement are discussed. While the majority of abnormal loads appear to cause little or no disruption, some can cause severe delays. The heaviest loads are limited to about 20km/h, but some travel as slowly as walking speed. These often occupy two standard trafic lanes. Lighter or narrower loads can reach speeds of 40-80km/h. Rolling road closures or diversions are required where single carriageway roads are used. Although the highest estimated average congestion cost was £954/mile, the estimated average delay to individual vehicles did not exceed 25 minutes. Analysis of 60 moves from loop data gave a highest congestion cost of £1600/mile on a particular motorway section, but only 8% of load miles were associated with congestion costs of over £100/mile. The model indicated that load speed and lane-take were the most important factors affecting congestion cost.


A survey devoted to A0-condensate in gauge theories at high temperature is presented. Both theoretical foundations of the spontaneously generated condensate and known methods of its calculation are discussed. As the most important consequence, the SU (N) global symmetry breakdown is investigated in detail. The influence of A0 on matter fields is studied in different aspects. Some new results concerning this subject are reported as well.