The automobiles play an important role in the transport system. With an increase in population and living standard, the transport vehicles as well as car population is increasing day by day. In addition to this there is a steep increase in the number of two wheelers during the last two decades. Vehicular Exhaust emissions of some popular automobile models will be assayed for regulated parameters of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) Carbon di-oxide (CO2 ) and Nitrogen oxide (NO) for gasoline powered vehicles. Production of 2-wheelers and 3-wheelers vehicle has been expanding rapidly over the past several years, especially in the urbanized areas of Asia. These vehicles emit substantial quantities of pollutants such as hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). These pollutants have significant adverse health effects and deteriorate environmental quality. Presented in this project are the results of experimental studies carried out to investigate the 2-wheeler emissions (CO2 , CO, NOx, and HC) by an on-board measurement method in a sub-urban areaChidambaram. Total number of fourty 2-wheelers vehicles randomly selected relatively between the 1990-2012 model years at various places. Vehicles of various makes and models are in use in Chidambaram. The most common among the two wheel gasoline vehicles are Hero Honda motor bike (4 stroke, 100cc), Yamaha motorbike (2stroke 100cc) Tvs jive motorbike, Tvs flame motorbike 125cc, Bajai platinum motorbike, Tvs XL motorbike, Apache motorbike, Bajai Discover 135cc motorbike, Bajaj Pulsar 150cc DTS-I motorbike and Honda Unicorn motor bike etc. The real time values were compared with standard ones, and the level qualified. Emissions from motor vehicles have substantially changed over the last decade because of new fuels, changed engine designs, and improved emission-control technology. INTRODUCTION Although vehicle exhaust emissions of air pollutants are generally decreasing, it has not been possible to reduce air quality problems in cities in the past 10 years. In particular, the concentrations of particulates and ozone are too high, causing severe health effects. Besides improving the local air pollution situation, the reduction in global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions is of great importance for the mobility sector, in view of increasing worldwide mobility and demand for transportation. Finally, numerous established researchers are predicting bottlenecks in energy supply for the next few decades, pointing to the importance of clean biofuels. The requirement for future motor vehicles is therefore very clear: emissions of toxic pollutants such as particulates and ozone precursors have to decrease to near zero, greenhouse gas emissions have to be reduced far more than in recent years and the introduction of biofuels has to be enabled on a large scale. Exhaust emission Measurements on motor vehicles are often performed using the official European driving cycle. This is a practical test cycle for type approval purposes, but allows limited comparability with real-world driving. Few exhaust gas and particulate emission data are available for modern motor vehicles representing a real-world driving patterns. The major air pollutants include gases like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and particulates like respirable suspended particulate matter and suspended particulate matter. These air pollutants in the atmosphere have an adverse effect on human life and are contributed from various sources. In order to protect human health, property, and the environment from the adverse effects of air pollution, the National Ambient Air Quality Standards have been set by the Central Pollution Control Board. The air quality standards have been developed primarily on the dose effect/dose response relationships. The standards set are an integral part of air quality management which is required to set long term as well as short-term goals for air quality improvement and formulation of strategies and implementation of various programs. The National Air Quality Monitoring Programme was initiated by the Central Pollution Control Board in 1984-85 to identify those areas in need of restoration of air quality. In Karnataka the monitoring of air quality under the National Air Quality Monitoring Programme is undertaken by Karnataka State Pollution Control Board in the cities of Bangalore (Anand Rao Circle, AMCO Batteries, and Graphite India) and Mysore (KSRTC building). Particulate matter, chemicals like hydrocarbons, Ozone, SOx and emissions from leaf burning cause respiratory health problems like asthma, susceptible to coughs, colds, pneumonia, tuberculosis, skin allergies and eye irritation. (10 % increase in diseases). Monsoons and winters accentuate these problems by creating smog. Air pollution also affects the heart, depletes physical strength, and promotes cancer and skin diseases. To escape the congestion, many Puneites flocks to nearby hills and open spaces, such as the fetal hill, Parvati-Panchgaon, Simhagad for a breath of fresh air in reducing air and noise pollution, even today. Their rapid disappearance is aggravating the problem. A better option would be to wipe out the root cause. Hence, the RTO at Pune is thinking of reducing the registration of new two wheelers. Six-seaters have also been banned from the city limits. In addition, Hindustan Petroleum has introduced LPG for vehicles, after the RTO has permitted the use of LPG in two and four wheelers! Now the situation is expected to improve substantially. PREVIOUS WORK Kleeman et al. (2000) has shown that gasoline and diesel fueled vehicles produce particles that are mostly less than 2.0 μm in diameter. Cadle et al. (1999) found that 91% of PM emitted by in-use gasoline vehicles in the Denver area was in the PM25 size range, which increased to 97% for "smokers" (i.e., Light-duty vehicles with visible smoke emitted from their tailpipes). Durbin et al. (1999) found that 92% of the PM were smaller than 2.5 μm for smokers. The mass median diameter of the PM emitted by the gasoline vehicles sampled by Cadle et al. (1999) was about 0.12 μm, which increased to 0.18 μm for smokers. Corresponding average emissions rates of PM25 were 38 mg/mi for normal emitting gasoline vehicles and 222 mg/mi for gasoline smokers. Durbin et al. (1999) point out that although smokers constitute only 1.1 to 1.7% of the light-duty fleet in the South Coast Air Quality Management District in California, they contribute roughly 20% of the total PM emissions from the light-duty fleet. Motor vehicles that are high emitters of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide can be high emitters of PM (Sagebiel et al., 1997; Cadle et al., 1997). National distributions of smokers and high emitting vehicles for PM have not been evaluated.


First, the dual set of a finite prefix–free set is defined. Using this notion we describe equivalent conditions for a finite prefix–free set to be indefinitely extendible. This lead to a simple proof for the Kraft– Chaitin Theorem. Finally, we discuss the influence of the alphabet size on the indefinite extensibility property.


The objective of this work was to determine the influence of application rate and distribution uniformity of insecticide application for controlling the white fly (Bemisia tabaci) on eggplant plants. On the field were run some tests to sample the white fly nymphs and adults in the third apical and the medium of the eggplant plants and characterization of the droplets spectrum population. The sampling the white fly (B. tabaci) nymphs and adults was before the insecticide application and on the 4th, 7th, 14th and 21th days after that and control. Each test was a combination of equipment, nozzles type and application rate. Best coverage and small droplets was obtained with low application rateThe best control of white fly nymphs and adults was the treatment with manual knapsack sprayer with constant pressure valve 2 bar, nozzles API 11003 and 500 L/ha.


Subtitle: If you want to experience history from the First World War to today, then head to Duxford, near Cambridge. A former RAF base, it now houses spectacular collections from the US and UK.


This article considers Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice as a work singularly transformed by the events of the Holocaust, in such a way that stagings of the play are often turned into pretexts for remembrance. It discusses the play as an archive of trauma, and reflects on whether it may provide testimony for the atrocities committed during the war. To this end, the article provides an inquiry into different perspectives of trauma and its representation, relying on Giorgio Agamben's explorations of the aporia of bearing testimony, and on Shoshana Felman's notion of testimony as a performative speech act. Finally, this work looks at three different adaptations of Shakespeare's play in the second half of the 20th century by George Tabori (1914-2007), a Jewish Hungarian playwright and director.


Hungary is undergoing both radical economic transformation and political change. Presently a number of challenges converge and compete simultaneously for attention and resources. Hungarian environmental policy and administration are part and parcel of these changes and the competing demands they make on the limited capacities of the institutions of governance. Improving institutional capacity is likely to be difficult since the issues involved are deeper than merely technical and administrative improvements. While democratisation, in many ways, makes improving the institutional capacity for managing environmental quality in Hungary more difficult, it may also be a prerequisite for it. In Hungary institutional capacity is generally in short supply. Consequently, the broader challenges and institutional needs of the nation are also a piece of the explanation of the problems of implementing environmental policy. A significant expansion of institutional capacity is required as part of any concerted effort to address environmental issues.


Lore Lindu National Park or Taman Nasional Lore Lindu (TNLL) is a natural resource conservation area with various potentials of endemic flora and fauna diversity. This study aimed to estimate the value and spatial distribution of biophysical factors, energy flux, and evapotranspiration. This method used the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model and performs the pessimistic, moderate, and optimistic scenarios. The number of measured parameters includes biophysical variables and energy flux variables. The results showed that the average value of evapotranspiration in forest areas was higher than open land or other land uses. The evapotranspiration values in the three images varied between 0.07 - 0.20 mm/hour. The dry month evapotranspiration in 2002 was 17%-32% higher than the dry months in 2013 and 2018. The build on the energy flux and evapotranspiration models results into the value of energy flux and evapotranspiration explanation in TNLL. The results can be controlled with efforts of increasing reforestation of forest land cover by 10%, controlling population growth by 1% per year, and increasing public awareness by 10%. This situation concludes that uncontrolled changes in forest land function and population growth in TNLL have an effect on changes in energy flux and evapotranspiration.


Introduction:
 IL10 nanoparticles coated with platelet membrane (IL10-PNP) has good targeting and local immune regulation function, and hence can effectively reduce restenosis after vascular injury. However, IL10-PNP still accumulated in the liver and spleen in a significant amount. Consequently, it is imperative that present PNP be further improved in terms of their immune-compatibility and targeting abilities. Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins, and platelet function is closely related to surface glycosylation.

 Hypothesis:
 We assessed the hypothesis that glycosylation engineered IL10-PNP (IL10-GE-PNP) with surface sialic acid removed and fucose conjunct has better biocompatibility and target ability.

 Methods:
 Glycosylation engineer of platelet membrane glycoprotein was performed by treating with neuraminidase and adding GDP-Fucose, fucosyltransferase I and fucosyltransferase VII. IL10 nanoparticles were prepared by recombinant IL-10 and PLGA nanoparticles and then coated by a glycosylation engineered platelet membrane. In vitro experiments were carried out to verify that glycosylation engineering of IL10-PNP enhanced the binding ability and regulation function of macrophages, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). In vivo experiments were carried out in a carotid artery injury model to verify the effect on reducing deposition in liver and spleen and ameliorating vascular restenosis.

 Results:
 The above methods could effectively remove sialic acids and add α (1,2)-fucose and α (1,3)-fucose. IL10-GE-PNP was successfully constructed and demonstrated its ability to target and regulate macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. The regulation of macrophages by IL10-GE-PNP can reduce the proliferation and migration of SMCs and promote the repair of ECs in an inflammatory environment both in vitro and in vivo, thereby reducing restenosis after vascular injury. And glycosylation engineer significantly reduces the deposition in liver and spleen of IL10-PNP.

 Conclusions:
 In conclusion, IL10-GE-PNP is an excellent candidate for targeting vascular injury and holds promise as an innovative drug delivery system for suppressing vascular restenosis.


Oriented around the fundamental question of the nature of the Renaissance search for truth and certainty, the essays examine the development of scientific illustration, Paracelsian views of science and art, the role of the artist in Renaissance science, the impact of acoustical theory on music, and other topics. Illustrated.


As a special category of language,color terms reflect the Sapir-Wholf hypothesis concerning linguistic relativity.The paper begins with the linguistic symbol of "red" and makes a contrastive and analytical study of the cultural similarities and differences about it among the three languages for the purpose of promoting cultural communication and language teaching.


Many of today's healthy adults will be plagued by chronic diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes, and be robbed of the quality of life they desire. According to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, about half of all American adults have one or more diet-related chronic diseases. The question, "What should healthy adults eat to stay healthy?" may seem simple. However, many primary care providers feel vulnerable answering questions about nutrition. This review serves as a summary of the most up-to-date guidelines about added sugars, sodium, types of fat, and cholesterol for healthy adults and a refresher for health care providers caring for them. Other important related issues, such as the latest recommendations for physical activity, the problem of adult weight gain, the need for adiposity screening, the powerful role of the primary care provider, and suggestions nutrition-focused primary care, are discussed.

This review contains 5 Figures, 5 Tables and 137 references
Key words: weight gain, cholesterol, Dietary Guidelines, sugar-sweetened beverages, adiposity, added sugar, hydrogenated oils, physical activity, waist-to-height ratio, nutrition-focused, Primary Care


Embryonic' muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels (nAChRs) bind ligands at interfaces of αand γor δ-subunits. αγ and αδ sites differ in affinity, but their contributions to opening the channel have remained elusive. We compared high-resolution patch clamp currents evoked by epibatidine (Ebd), carbamylcholine (CCh) and acetylcholine (ACh). Ebd binds with 75-fold higher affinity at αγ than at αδ sites, whereas CCh and ACh prefer αδ sites. Similar short (τO1), intermediate (τO2) and long (τO3) types of opening were observed with all three agonists. τO2 openings were maximally prevalent at low Ebd concentrations, binding at αγ sites. By contrast, τO1 openings appear to be generated at αδ sites. In addition, two types of burst appeared: short bursts of an average of 0.75 ms (τB1) that should arise from the αγ site, and long bursts of 12–25 ms (τB2) in duration arising from double liganded receptors. Limited by the temporal resolution, the closings within bursts were invariant at 3 μs. Corrected for missed closings, in the case of ACh the openings within long bursts lasted 170 μs and those in short bursts about 30 μs. Blocking αδ sites with α-conotoxin M1 (CTx) eliminated both τO1 and τB2 and left only τO2 and the short τB1 bursts, as expected. Furthermore we found desensitization when the receptors bound ACh only at the αγ site. When CTx was applied to 'embryonic' mouse endplates, monoquantal current rise times were increased, and amplitude and decay time constants were reduced, as expected. Thus the αγ and αδ sites of nAChRs elicit specific channel-opening patterns. P. Stock and D. Ljaschenko made equal contributions to this study. C © 2014 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology C © 2014 The Physiological Society DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.267781 2502 P. Stock and others J Physiol 592.12 (Received 4 November 2013; accepted after revision 21 March 2014; first published online 24 March 2014) Corresponding authors M. Heckmann: Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 9, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com J. Dudel: Friedrich Schiedel Institute for Neuroscience, Technical University Munich, Biedersteinerstrasse 29, 80802 Munich, Germany. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abbreviations ACh, acetylcholine; CCh, carbamylcholine; CTx, α-conotoxin M1; DFP, diisopropylfluorophosphate; Ebd, epibatidine; LLR, logarithmic likelihood ratio; μburst, mean burst duration; μgap, mean shut time; μopen, true mean duration of openings within bursts; nAChRs, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; ngaps/burst, mean number of gaps per burst; PDFs, probability density functions; qEPSCs, quantal excitatory postsynaptic currents; r.m.s., root mean square; s.n.r., signal to noise ratio; tcrit, critical shut time.


A VERY interesting Opuntia which has recently come to my notice in studying the various propagative methods of the Cactaceae is 0. arbuscula Engelm., a small, more or less arborescent form, densely branched, and reaching a height of about 15dm. This plant sets an abundance of fruit which appears to mature well, but which upon examination is found to contain very few good seeds. So laden is the plant with its fruit that its branches, as a rule, bend over so as almost, if not quite, to touch the ground. In this position there takes place a process analogous to " layering," new shoots of an apparently primitive character arising from the decumbent branches, which also give off roots into the soil. The same formation of primitive shoots occurs in joints detached from the parent plant. This is also true of fruits, from the sides of which both stems and roots may often be found forming, so often, in fact, that this must be regarded as the rule rather than the exception. We have here the case of a structure, modified primarily for sexual purposes, turned finally to use in a non-sexual way, to accomplish, broadly speaking, the same end. Still another method of propagation, perhaps not very common, yet apparently not infrequent with this species, is by the formation of adventitious shoots on the roots. The roots are, in this form as in the majority of the Cactaceae, divided into two systems, as already described.' On the absorptive roots, which run just below the surface, there arise, at some distance from the main plant, adventitious shoots of a character far more primitive than those formed on fruits or fallen joints. The leaves of these shoots are in some cases over iomm long, green, and succulent. By the time these shoots reach the height of about 2dm, the root connecting them with the parent plant dies, thus leaving them independent at an early stage. The distribution of this species is very well defined. It occurs almost exclusively in those slight depressions in the plain, which in time of hard rains are washed by broad and shallow streams of surface


A very strong amplification of both the longitudinal and the transverse shifts in total reflection of a light beam, rendering them easily observable, together with the filtering of the corresponding pair of polarization eigenmodes, has been obtained by using one single reflection at a multilayered interface. After presenting the general philosophy of this approach and summarizing the computational techniques used by one of us (Y. Levy), we describe the two experimental setups, and produce the photographic recording of our results. Some theoretical implications of these are very briefly discussed in our conclusion.


The privacy and integrity of tenant's data highly rely on the infrastructure of multi-tenant cloud being secure. However, with both hardware and software being controlled by potentially curious or even malicious cloud operators, it is no surprise to see frequent reports of data leakages or abuses in cloud. Unfortunately, most prior solutions require intrusive changes to the cloud platform and none can protect a VM against adversaries controlling the physical machine. This paper analyzes the challenges of transparent VM protection against sophisticated adversaries controlling the whole software and hardware stack. Based on the analysis, this paper proposes HyperCoffer, a hardware-software framework that guards the privacy and integrity of tenant's VMs. HyperCoffer only trusts the processor chip and makes no security assumption on external memory and devices. Hyper-Coffer extends existing processor virtualization with memory encryption and integrity checking to secure data communication with off-chip memory. Unlike prior hardware-based approaches, HyperCoffer retains transparency with existing virtual machines (i.e., operating systems) and requires very few changes to the (untrusted) hypervisor. HyperCoffer introduces a mechanism called VM-Shim that runs in-between a guest VM and the hypervisor. Each VM-Shim instance for a VM runs in a separate protected context and only declassifies necessary information designated by the VM to the hypervisor and external environments (e.g., through NICs). We have implemented a prototype of HyperCoffer in a QEMU-based full-system emulator and the VM-Shim mechanism in a real machine. Performance measurement using trace-based simulation and on a real hardware platform shows that the performance overhead is small (ranging from 0.6% to 13.9% on simulated platform and 0.3% to 6.8% on real hardware for the VM-Shim mechanism).


Continuously cast metallic glasses [METGLASR (trademark of the Allied Chemical Corporation) alloys] based on the transition metals (TM) iron, cobalt, and nickel can now be synthesized containing boron as the only metalloid. The different electron‐donor effects of boron and phosphorus are clearly seen for the first time; each atom of these metalloids gives ∼1.6 and 2.4 electrons, respectively, to the TM d bands. Extrapolation of the available magnetic moment data suggests a nonzero moment on nickel in (TM)80B20 glasses. The boron‐containing metallic glasses generally show higher Curie temperatures and room‐temperature saturation magnetizations than mixed‐metalloid glassy alloys of the same TM content.


The Internet, together with information technology, has interfered in the public sector and civil society, becoming an object of speculation in the political field. With the potential of interactivity and network sharing, governments seek to provide individuals with different media to have access to government information in order to solve the deficit of political participation of individuals - an important initiative to consolidate the democratic process. Based on the central role of information technology in the political arena to achieve informational content and political participation in the network, this research investigated how
the websites of the Members of the legislative Assembly of Bahia - ALBA affect political participation, using interactive channels for the achievement of public information network. As its main goal was to analyze the conditions for political participation in parliamentary sites, the secondary objectives of profiling activities corresponded to the websites of members
registered at the corporate website of ALBA; identify potential instruments with these
websites and interactive simulations aimed to describe the devices identified in these
interactive sites for the achievement of public informational content. The section devoted to the theoretical framework, however, sought grants essential to answer the question of departure and the base mesh argumentative research, and methodological procedures in the section was outlined the scope of the search. The method of approach was the dialectical (historical materialism) of Marx and Engels, and the method of procedure was based on the monograph (case study). As descriptive research, the researcher sought to describe the characteristics of the websites of Members (population or phenomenon), including the
methodological section the techniques and instruments for data collection (observation,
interviews and search form). The subsequent sections gave the presentation and analysis of data collected for, on completion, provide the ultimate research considerations. The
conclusion showed that the availability of device-oriented websites interactivity between government officials and citizens do not represent that the demands are answered and suggestions effect the political platform of Members. The research confirmed that these sites, and as a result, Members and Counseling, presented no evidence of structural and administrative offices to meet the demands or suggestions from citizens.


movement of the 1970s, and the current transition initiative launched in the 1980s. Halpern (1992) uses the metaphor of &dquo;old wine in new bottles&dquo; to make the point that each of these movements has addressed similar issues which are likely to remain with us and before long require another &dquo;new bottle&dquo; (other brief historical reviews of transition include Berkell & Gaylord-Ross, 1989, and Rusch & Phelps, 1987). The fact that &dquo;old wine&dquo; is being recycled in &dquo;new bottles&dquo; indicates the solutions proposed by each movement have not been as effective as hoped. Over the years, exceptional individuals have been repeatedly shown to achieve much poorer adjustments to the adult world than the general population (e.g., Affleck, Edgar, Levine & Kortering, 1990; Brolin, Durand, Kromer & Muller, 1975; Hasazi, Gordon & Roe, 1985; Wagner et al., 1991). Instead of continually creating &dquo;new bottles&dquo; it is


This review essay seeks to direct attention to intellectual history as a new and flourishing subfield in the historiography of post-1945 Germany. The essay probes and critically interrogates some of the basic arguments of Dirk Moses' prize-winning monograph German Intellectuals and the Nazi Past. It does so by engaging with a series of German-language monographs on key intellectuals of the postwar period (Alexander Mitscherlich, Jurgen Habermas, Herbert Marcuse) or groups of intellectuals that have appeared during the last few years. The essay also includes two books that focus on intellectual transfers from and to the United States and hence transcend the purely national framework. The essay highlights some broader themes such as West German intellectuals' confrontation with the Nazi past and with the memory of Germany's failed experiment with democracy during the interwar Weimar Republic. It also discusses the significance of the West German student movement in the 1960s for West German intellectual history. The essay concludes with some broader reflections on writing intellectual history of the postwar period, and it points to some avenues for further research. It underlines the significance of intellectual debates—and hence of intellectual history—for charting and explaining the process of postwar democratization and liberalization in the Federal Republic of Germany.


SAPO-44 molecular sieves with different Si contents were hydrothermally synthesized by using cyclohexylamine as the template. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, NH3-TPD and tested as the methanol-to-olefins(MTO) catalysts. The results showed that, as the Si/Al ratio increased, the relative degree of crystallinity and the surface acidity increased, and some non-cubic crystals were found out. At the same time, the initial selectivity of olefins decreased and the propylene/ethylene mass ratio increased with the Si content of SAPO-44 sample.


Laboratory work is essential for students in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. The laboratory work provides the students with practical experience of the theory and has the potential to increase enthusiasm by motivating the students to learn via experimentation. This is an important process for students as the active learning achieves positive educational results and prepares the students for real-world problems in the STEM fields. This paper emphasizes the development of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) laboratory work for a new course in Embedded Artificial Intelligence (EAI). The course and the laboratory work are designed as an upper-level undergraduate elective to develop an AI system to run on an embedded device. It is open to all majors in the STEM fields who meet the prerequisite of a basic programming course and a linear algebra course. After an introduction to embedded programming and sensor interface, students will be introduced to machine learning and AI. During the corresponding lab sessions, the students are given a dataset to apply the theory in a sequential fashion. The laboratories start by employing traditional statistical classification algorithms, such as logistic regression, transitioning towards a deep neural network, such as a convolutional neural network (CNN). The accuracy of each model will be noted for each laboratory, starting with a lower accuracy but smaller model size for the statistical models and culminating with a relatively high accuracy with the CNN. This paper outlines the design of the laboratories for the AI section of the EAI course, as well the feedback received during their development. The research to create and assess the AI exercises was conducted by a senior computer engineering student without any prior experience in AI. Two different forms of learning were taken into consideration: top-down approach where the student begins with a fully functional model and works backwards to understand each step of the processes and a bottom-up approach where the student begins from scratch and implements each component, working towards a fully functionally model. A comparative study of both approaches is presented from the point of view of the student. The assessment also asked the student to rate the assignment topics, to list how many hours were spent per each lab, and to propose suggestions for improvement.


Genetics is a well‐established but poorly understood determinant of BMD. Whereas some genetic variants may influence BMD throughout the body, others may be skeletal site specific. We initially screened for associations between 4608 tagging and potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 383 candidate genes and femoral neck and lumbar spine volumetric BMD (vBMD) measured from QCT scans among 862 community‐dwelling white men ≥65 yr of age in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). The most promising SNP associations (p < 0.01) were validated by genotyping an additional 1156 white men from MrOS. This analysis identified 8 SNPs in 6 genes (APC, DMP1, FGFR2, FLT1, HOXA, and PTN) that were associated with femoral neck vBMD and 13 SNPs in 7 genes (APC, BMPR1B, FOXC2, HOXA, IGFBP2, NFATC1, and SOST) that were associated with lumbar spine vBMD in both genotyping samples (p < 0.05). Although most associations were specific to one skeletal site, SNPs in the APC and HOXA gene regions were associated with both femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD. This analysis identifies several novel and robust genetic associations for volumetric BMD, and these findings in combination with other data suggest the presence of genetic loci for volumetric BMD that are at least to some extent skeletal‐site specific.


In this work microwave cavity perturbation method and the DSP technology is implemented to estimate glucose concentration. Different concentration of glucose solution makes different resonant frequency and decaying in power in microwave cavity due to the perturbation. We use the Finite-Element method software ANSYS 11.0 to simulate the relationship between the concentration of glucose solution and resonant characteristic of the microwave cavity. It is shown that when the concentration of glucose solution increases, both of the resonant frequency and the amplitude increase. A system was developed to monitor concentration of glucose solution with 20 mmol/L discrepancy. Experiments show the results are positive and significant. The method is hopeful to do non-invasive blood glucose measuring.


This paper presents a drag model based on the Energy-Minimization Multi-Scale (EMMS) approach. Compared to the empirical drag correlations, the incorporation of this EMMS-based drag model with the two-fluid model can well capture the meso-scale heterogeneous structure and improve the simulation results of the gas/solid flow behaviors for a CFB riser with Geldart-A particles. The EMMS model itself is also adapted to predict the choking phenomena for a CFB riser, and the comparisons are carried out among this calculation, the experimental measurements, the empirical correlation presented by Xu et al.(1) and the simulation results from the combination of the EMMS and CFD approaches.


This paper puts forward three different methods adopted currently for cataloging and describing the renamed periodicals in the course of the description of the periodicals,and analyzes on the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.


There are several theories on the asymptotic behavior of the condition number of additive multilevel preconditioners. But there are only a few proofs which show that the condition number of an additive preconditioner is small. This means that the only a few cg-iterations (e.g. less than ten iterations) applied to the preconditioned equation system are enough to reduce the algebraic error to within some constant factor of the discretization error. In this paper, we show how to achieve this aim for certain multilevel preconditioners based on prewavelets and generalized prewavelets.


The combination of amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea, and hyperprolactinaemia in a young woman usually suggests that she has a prolactin secreting adenoma of the anterior pituitary gland. Primary autoimmune thyroid failure, however, is common in young women and may also be associated with hyperprolactinaemia and with galactorrhoea in those whose breasts have been exposed to oestrogen. Hypothyroidism in patients with the amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea syndrome is usually suggested by appropriate symptoms and clinical signs, and treatment with thyroxine renders the patient euthyroid, with resolution of the hyperprolactinaemia. We report on a patient who presented with amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea, hyperprolactinaemia, and suprasellar enlargement of the pituitary. Although she was clinically euthyroid, treatment with thyroxine resulted in resolution of her symptoms and hormonal and radiological abnormalities within six weeks. Patients with hyperprolactinaemia, with or without pituitary enlargement, should undergo assessment ofthyroid function even if clinically euthyroid


It is well known that a public utility commission may be able to improve overall social welfare by allowing decreasing-cost industries (such as local public utilities) to price discriminate. For this course of action to be practical, the following conditions must prevail: (1) marginal-cost prices do not cover costs and (2) external subsidies are not feasible. Consequently, the need to raise prices above marginal costs means that some social welfare, measured as the sum of consumer's and producer's surplus, for example, must be sacrificed to allow the utility to break even. To minimize this sacrifice, the proportional deviation of price from marginal cost for each service should be correspondingly larger for markets with inelastic demands than for those in which demand is elastic.' This type of inverse elasticity rule seldom is used in practice and is cited here only to illustrate that pure value-of-service pricing may improve overall social welfare.


When using a shared memory multiprocessor, the programmer faces the issue of selecting the portable programming model which will provide the best performance. Even if they restricts their choice to the standard programming environments (MPI and OpenMP), they have to select a programming approach among MPI and the variety of OpenMP programming styles.


Poor adhesion between two successive bituminous layers causes adverse effects on the structural strength of the pavement and develops a numbers of premature failure. To improve the adhesion, it is a general practice to apply a tack coat over an existing or newly constructed bituminous surface before laying another bituminous layer. The bond strength (ILBS) have also been studied. Two types of bituminous emulsions (CRS 1 and CMS 2) and two types of bituminous binders (VG 10 and VG 30) have been selected as tack coat for a typical bituminous layer combination. also been studied. A specially fabricated attachment (named interlayer bond strength testing device) has been used by temperature, tack coat type and application rate of a tack coat. Out of the four tack coat materials, CMS 2 offers the maximum ILBS with minimum quantity requirements in the bituminous layer combination considered. The highest ILBS is observed when no tack coat is used, however the upper layer is to be laid and compacted immediately after the lower layer.


Based on a multilevel analysis of the OECD PISA 2012 data on school test results for 60 countries, we have established that three presuppositions underlying the policy recommendation to introduce more choice and competition in education are untenable. First, rather than choice and competition, we find that parental voice and targets and performance measurement incentivize schools to improve students' test results. Second, we do not find that choice and competition increase parental voice's impact on students' test results. Third, we do not find that choice and competition have more equal outcomes in terms of students' test results than has parental voice. Students from high-SES families not only benefit most from parental voice, but they also benefit most from choice and competition. Overall, we do not find support for the policy recommendation to shift the balance in education in the direction of the choice-and-competition model.


Exemplary embodiments are directed to control of an electromagnetic field distribution of the wireless power transmitter (700A). Transmitter may include a transmission configured to generate an electromagnetic field antenna (601). This transmitter is close to the transmitting antenna, at least one parasitic antenna is configured to modify the generated electromagnetic field distribution may be further included.


Significance: Head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors frequently experience treatment-related complications that may cause decrements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Before interventions can be designed to enhance HRQOL in the early postoperative period, descriptive research is needed to determine predictors of HRQOL in this understudied population. Problem and Purpose: The proposed study identified predictors of global HRQOL, and physical, functional, emotional, and social well-being at one month after HNC surgery. Variables examined as potential predictors included shoulder pain, shoulder function, and functional impairments (disfigurement, and eating, speech, and breathing impairments). Theoretical Framework: The University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing Symptom Management Model was modified and used to guide the study. Methods and Analysis: In this exploratory, cross-sectional study, we examined a convenience sample of 29 patients who had undergone HNC surgery with curative intent one month previously. Global HRQOL was measured using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) General Scale, including four well-being subscales. Shoulder pain intensity was measured using the Brief Pain Inventory, shoulder pain distress was measured using a 0-10 numerical rating scale, and functional impairment was measured using the FACIT Head and Neck Subscale. Shoulder function was assessed using a goniometer. Pearson correlations were initially applied to determine correlates (p <0.20) that should be entered in subsequent stepwise regression models. Findings and Implications: The only significant predictor of global HRQOL was eating impairment (B = -0.20, p = 0.02). Predictors of physical well-being were shoulder pain distress (B = -0.10, p = 0.02) and eating impairment (B = 0.27, p = 0.03). Predictors of functional well-being were speech impairment (B = -0.43, p < 0.01) and disfigurement (B = 0.20, p = 0.02). No significant predictors were found for emotional and social well-being. The findings suggested that patients' physical and functional well-being can be influenced by eating impairment, shoulder pain distress, speech impairment, or disfigurement at one month after HNC surgery. Nurses need to monitor nutrition intake, provide proper pain management, and collaborate with speech and physical therapists to promote early rehabilitation. A longitudinal study with a larger sample size is warranted to describe needs for multidisciplinary care to improve HQOL after HNC surgery.


While most age groups in the United States show zero or near zero growth, older adults continue to increase in population. Futurists and demographers suggest that we are in a transitional period prior to an even more intense shift to an older society. They project that current increases in the education, income, activity, and advocacy of older adults will continue. Those rises, in turn, will enable elders to enhance public awareness of their development, role, and plight, leading to political and social action more favorable to them.


Different disturbances should be taken into account to solve the quad rotor flight control problem. Wind effect is a disturbance in a quad rotor flight control system. A model of wind effect on quad rotor flight was developed in this paper. The model is a number of elements: the model of wind velocity change, the model of a gust ("wind step"), the model of wind velocity change depending on a flight altitude, the model of wind direction change. The model of wind velocity change takes into account wind velocity increasing and decreasing. The wind force expression depending on the effective influence area on a quad rotor was derived. The steps of the wind disturbances simulation algorithm are given here.


ABSTRACT A multi-frame motion video detection algorithm of Gaussian Monte Carlo particle filter is proposed to improve the applicability of video anomaly detection algorithm and enhance the recognition efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm. Firstly, the segment sequence is divided for multi-day video frames and then the total number of optical flow vectors is counted and the feature vectors are extracted for the pixel positions of all frames. Secondly, a particle filter algorithm is introduced to construct a maneuvering target tracking model to achieve effective tracking of maneuvering target, and at the same time, Gaussian and Monte Carlo methods are used to improve the particle resampling extraction process to enhance the particle extraction efficiency and performance so as to improve the performance of the particle filter algorithm; Finally, the experimental comparison on the maneuvering target tracking model shows that the proposed algorithm is superior to the compared algorithm in the tracking accuracy and tracking efficiency, reflecting the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Abstract : This program was conducted for the purpose of providing reference data on plasma-sprayed coatings for use in the design and repair/salvage of naval ordnance hardware. Plasma-spray deposition parameters and surface finishing techniques were developed for metal and ceramic plasma-sprayed coatings applied to mild steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, and K-monel. The wear characteristics of the coated shafts versus a variety of bushing materials were studied in hydraulic piston wear tests during which oil leakage rates as a function of surface finish were determined using Teflon and urethane seal materials. As a result of the program, plasma-sprayed coatings and bushing material were identified that provided friction and wear performance at least comparable to that provided by baseline conventional cylinder materials. Teflon seals were found to provide the most reliable dynamic seal performance, and a low viscosity, polyester type resin sealer (Loctite 290) was found to be an effective sealant for both hydraulic and pneumatic applications. The plasma-spray parameters and processing parameters and techniques developed in this program and information on the coating properties and process limitations derived from this work will be incorporated in the plasma-spray handbook being prepared for NOSL under Contract No. N-00197-73-C-0430. (Author)


Mrs. J. F. M., aged sixty years, housewife; a very active energetic woman giving a history of good health up to about two years ago when hysterectomy was done because of the presence of chronic uleerative endocervicitis and severe prolapse of the uterus. The result was satisfactory. She was in excellent health until December last when she had a fall, injuring her lower spine slightly, followed by nagging pain in the back for which she took some treatments from a local chiropractor. During her last treatment on the afternoon of March 11, 1927, she mentioned to him that she was troubled with constipation. The chiropractor therefore gave her abdomen as well as her spine a severe pommelling to relieve this. She states his massage (1) was so rough that she asked him to stop as she could not endure it. After leaving his office she boarded a street car and started for home. On the way she developed severe pain in the abdomen, became nauseated, and had to get off the car and get a friend to drive her home in an automobile. She went to bed at once, applied heat, took a laxative which she fortunately vomited, took an enema without result; she became distended, and felt so giddy and faint that she thought she was going to die. About 8 p.m., feeling worse, I was called to see her for the first time. On examination, I diagnosed acute obstruction of the small intestine and advised her to go to the hospital immediately for treatment. This she refused to do. Repeated enemata were tried without any result. No fluid or other food of any kind was taken, yet vomiting continued. The abdomen gradually became more distended and more tender; her pulse weaker and she was more acutely ill. Next day I saw her about 8 a.m., and hospital treatment was again urged but still refused. At 3.30 the same day she called me again, as her condition was alarming, and she was then admitted to the hospital. A blood count on admission showed marked leucocytosis. Blood was not noted in the motions in this case. (Glycosuria too was absent both before and after operation. Restlessness and excitability were marked symptoms. A consultation was held with Dr. D. MeLellan, and operation decided upon immediately. At operation, on opening the abdomen, a considerable amount of blood-stained serum was found in the peritoneal cavity, also adhesions of the omentum to the intestines and abdominal wall. Warm laparotomy towels were attached to each side of the wound. The markedly distended portion of the small intestine was brought out on the towels in order to locate the affected area. This area comprised about eight inches of the lower ileum in a semi-gangrenous condition, dark purple in colour, of sausage-like consistency, and covered with bloody lymph. The eviscerated intestine was covered with towels wet with salt solution, which were changed frequently. The mesentery was swollen and oedematous. The mesenteric vessels leading to that area were stiff and cord-like, radiating almost like a fan in the hand. The thrombosed vessels extended from the intestine to the root of the mesentery. It was decided to resect this portion of bowel and its affected mesentery, dividing the bowel well beyond the diseased area, so that about fourteen inches in all was removed. Lateral anastomosis was then done in the usual way, using chromic catgut sutures throughout. The edges of the mesentery were brought to gether and sutured with plain catgut. Following this, a vertical opening was made in the intestine immediately above the anastomosis, half an inch in length, and a small Paul 's tube inserted, with a piece of rubber tube, two feet long, attached. A purse-string suture was run round the opening in the bowel and tied once, to fasten the tube in the bowel. The distal end of the tube was placed in a vessel held by the nurse. The fingers of the gloves were then well lubricated with sterile vaseline, and the bowel picked up above the inflamed and congested area and stripped from above downward for a distance of about ten feet, thus stripping the accumulated toxic material from the distended bowel through the tube into the vessel held by the nurse. By this means a large amount of toxic material was removed and the distention markedly reduced. The Paul 's tube was then removed and the opening in the bowel closed. The abdomen was closed without difficulty and without drainage. She was given sodium citrate by the mouth during her stay in the hospital, to reduce the coagulability of the blood. The report of Dr. H. H. Pitts, pathologist of the Vancouver General Hospital, was as follows: "'Mac'rosoopical examis>nation: Specimen consists of about fourteen inches of bowel, deeply congested; mesentery very deep reddish-purple. On opening the bowel, the mucosa and walls are seen to be very deeply congested. The fringe of the attached mesentery is very deeply congested throughout, of a deep purple colour, and on section, practically all vessels show evidence of thrombosis. Microscopical examination.-Sections through the bowel wall show some loss of the mucosa with very marked haemorrhagic extravasation throughout all the coats of the intestine, with definite inflammatory cell infiltration throughout and evidence of beginning degenerative changes, chiefly in the serosa and sub serosa. None of the thrombosed vessels, however, were included in the sections examined. Diagnosis.-Early necrotic gangrenous changes in intestine, due to thrombosis of mesenteric vessels." The patient made an uninterrupted recovery following the operation, and has been able to resume her household duties after the elapse of two months' time. I saw her recently, some seven months after the operation, and she states she is enjoying good health.


Abstract— The overall goal of this study was to synthesis hydrophobic and thermally stable nano silica coating on hard porcelain substrate in order to prevent water and pollutant accumulation on the surface. In addition, the effect of possible parameters on wettability of the nano coating was investigated using the fractional factorial method. A simple sol-gel method and a polymeric solution was added to sol as co-precursor or surface modifying reagent in order to increase non-wet ability properties of the final product. In the next step, the ceramic pieces have been spin coated with different spin speeds according to fractional factorial table. The parameters that were studied here consist of catalyst concentration, the concentration of polymeric solution added to the sol, the molar proportion of water to silane and the spin speed. Results shows the increase in all parameters except catalyst concentration leads to a rise in water contact angle, which indicates the wet ability.


Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with nano size range. The use of exosomes as drug delivery vehicle has useful advantages compared to other vesicular systems. Exosomes are nonimmunogenic, nontoxic, and stable with good composition and potency for crossing blood brain barrier. They can be used as theranostic agents and vaccine therapy. The exosomes are a new choice for nonimmunogenic targeted drug delivery vehicle. Introduction : Exosomes are nano size vesicles secreted by different cell types. The main role of exosomes in the body is a cell to cell communication. They are not immunogenic due to similar structure as body cells. They can cross blood brain barrier, stable in the blood circulation, biocompatible, with low toxicity, suitable size, and structure. These endogenous vesicles can be used for drug delivery, immunevaccines and as diagnostic agents. Methods: The following databases were reviewed for bibliography of using exosomes as delivery agents: Web of science, Scopus, Medline, and Embase. Results : Exosomes can deliver different kinds of cargos (RNA, proteins and small molecules) to the target cells. Exosome as a biomarker of diseases (cancer, cardiovascular disease, MS, etc) personalized therapy with the exosomes that generated from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived that used for patient specific and disease specific cell therapy. They have specific role in tissue repair and regeneration, vaccines for immunotherapy (phase II of clinical trial). The strategies to introduce drugs into exosomes are active and passive loading. Artificial exosome mimetics can be isolated from exosome secreting cell lines but these exosomes in comparison with autologous are immunogenic. Isolation techniques of exosomes are ultracentrifugation, electron microscopy, and SDS page. Exosomes were mainly taken up by macrophages in the liver after IV administration. Exosomes characterization methods are biophysical, molecular and microfluidics. Conclusion: Exosomes are good carriers for delivery of drugs and genes to the target without immunogenic reaction. They can be used as immunovacines for the cancer treatment by activating immune system against tumor cells. Exosomes can substitution the liposomes because of their size, structure, non-immunogenicity and their natural composition. Key words : Exosomes, Extracellular vesicles, Drug delivery, Nano carrier, Immunovaccine


Various indoor navigation systems have been introduced which include the use of Wi-Fi based systems, Bluetooth, RFID and QR codes. These indoor navigation solutions tend to be susceptible to signal degradation and indoor interference which could affect the accuracy of the tracking system. This paper sets to present an inexpensive mobile software application that uses hybrid solution of visual recognition and Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) system to create an interactive content of indoor navigation system using Augmented Reality (AR) called SunMap+. User satisfaction and feedback survey have been gathered and studied to further improve the proposed interface and interaction of indoor navigation system.


Some conclusions are made regarding the transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic structure in the ordered alloys of the system Fe(Pdx Pd1−x)3. This is based on an analysis of an experimental dependence of the intensity of the (100) ferromagnetic reflexion on the average magnetic moment per atom of the alloys of the system. It is concluded that the transition takes place through a set of complex magnetic structures with a noncollinear orientation of the atomic magnetic moments of the components.

Die Analyse der experimentellen Intensitsabhangigkeit der ferromagnetischen (100)-Reflexion vom mittleren magnetischen Moment pro Atom der Fe(Pdx Pd1−x)3 Legierung zeigt. das in der geordneten Legierung dieses Systems der ubergang von der antiferromagnetischen zur ferromagnetischen Struktur uber eine Folge komplexer magnetischer Strukturen mit nicht-kollinearen Orientierungen der magnetischen Momente der Komponenten erfolgt.


The efficacy of ciclopirox olamine (1.5%) shampoo was evaluated in patients with scalp psoriasis using a placebo-controlled 'whole-head' clinical trial design. Unmedicated shampoo was used during a 2-week run-in period followed by a 4-week double-blind, randomized treatment period with trial shampoos used thrice weekly. During treatment, clinical assessments of overall scalp psoriasis and change from baseline as well as plaque size and the degree of scaling were performed by trained technicians while patients self-assessed overall scalp psoriasis and scalp itching, gave an overall opinion of treatment and assessed the dryness/greasiness of their hair. For ciclopirox olamine only, there was significant (P < 0.05) improvement over baseline for clinical assessment of overall scalp psoriasis (day 29) and degree of scaling (days 8, 15 and 29) and for patients' self-assessments of overall scalp psoriasis (days 15 and 29) and scalp itching (day 15), but differences from placebo were not significant. Ciclopirox o...


Molecular-dynamics simulations of crystal growth from melted Si have been performed using the Tersoff potential to analyze the defect formation and migration processes. We observed that a five-membered ring generated at the solid/liquid interface initiated self-interstitial defect formation. The formation and migration energies of the obtained defect were calculated to be 3.85 and 0.94 eV, respectively. The sum of the calculated formation and migration energies, 4.79 eV, is in good agreement with the experimental activation energy of self-diffusion in crystal Si.


This paper probes into the correlation between entrepreneurial innovation and the enterprise growth in China. Through the survey on the entrepreneurs in China, this paper presents a quantitative analysis of the correlation between innovation and enterprise growth. Furthermore, this paper puts forth four phases of enterprise growth and points out the important role of entrepreneurship in the enterprise growth, which is proved by the case study of Lenovo. Finally, this paper makes five solutions to the incubation of innovation and entrepreneurship in China.


Acknowledgements ix Preface xiii Introduction: Commerce and Commerce Alone: An Introduction to the Financial Straits 1 1. Literary Malaya and the Management of Romantic Commercialism 57 2. In the Singapore Grip: Post-War Tropics 115 3. High-Rise Heartlands: Singaporean Novel Traditions 157 4. Hybrid Homes: Self- and Other Representations 199 5. Other or "Othered" Traditions? Narratives of the Occidentalist 247 6. Beyond the Postcolonial Exotic: The Financial Straits Redefined 287 Notes 349 Bibliography 377 Index 405.


Aerobic granules effectively degrade phenol at high concentrations. This work cultivated aerobic granules that can degrade phenol at a constant rate of 49 mg‐phenol/g·VSS/h up to 1,000 mg/L of phenol. Fluorescent staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) tests demonstrated that an active biomass was accumulated at the granule outer layer. A strain with maximum ability to degrade phenol and a high tolerance to phenol toxicity isolated from the granules was identified as Candida tropicalis via 18S rRNA sequencing. This strain degrades phenol at a maximum rate of 390 mg‐phenol/g·VSS/h at pH 6 and 30°C, whereas inhibitory effects existed at concentrations >1,000 mg/L. The Haldane kinetic model elucidates the growth and phenol biodegradation kinetics of the C. tropicalis. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and CLSM test suggested that the Candida strain was primarily distributed throughout the surface layer of granule; hence, achieving a near constant reaction rate over a wide range of phenol concentration. The mass transfer barrier provided by granule matrix did not determine the reaction rates for the present phenol‐degrading granule. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:844–852. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Aim: Estimation of some biochemical constituents in follicular fluid of non-descript cows of Assam. Materials and Methods: Twenty five pairs of ovaries were collected from local slaughter house and the follicular fluid was aspirated from small (2-4 mm), medium (4-6 mm) and large (6-9 mm) follicles. Aspirated fluid samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 min in a refrigerated centrifuge to remove granulosa cells and other cell debris. Supernatant was used for estimation of glucose, total protein, cholesterol, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Data generated in the study were analyzed statiscally by SPSS (version 16.0). SPSS South Asia Pvt. Limited, Kacharakanahalli, Bangalore, 560043). Results: A non significant difference was recorded in case of total protein and cholesterol of follicular fluid of small, medium and large sized follicles of cow. However, the glucose level significantly (p<0.01) increased with the increase of follicular size where as the activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase significantly (p<0.01) decreased with increase of size. Conclusion: Certain biochemical constituents and enzyme activities of follicular fluid changes with the growth of follicles in non-descript cows of Assam. The glucose concentration increased with the growth of the follicles while acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase levels had an inverse relation with the size of the ovarian follicles.


Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is frequently associated with intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, but little is known about the B‐cell response in the CSF of these patients. In this study, we investigated the relation between virus load and the frequency and phenotype of B cells in the CSF of HIV‐infected patients.


Liberalization is not a spontaneous process the outcome which should be accepted as inevitable as if it is a destiny. On the contrary, liberalization should be considered as a problem of designing an economic mechanism and finding the most appropriate transition path for the economy, under specific environmental conditions. Within this framework one can distinguish well versus ill designed programs, as well as successfully implemented versus poorly implemented ones.


The worldwide environmentally friendly trend has focused the last decade on emphasizing the value of energy conservation and reducing the carbon footprint in buildings, achieving zero energy buildings. Presently, viable building techniques, in developing countries, are insufficient to achieve zero energy buildings. Thus, authorities should implement policies mandating new developments and renovations to establish "energy‐efficient buildings"; nevertheless, design solutions should be properly evaluated and assessed preceding execution. The conservation of energy without jeopardizing human comfortability is a huge challenge for any designer. Occupants are less interested in making a major investment to save some expenses over the next two decades, especially nowadays that energy is still affordable. Therefore, improved indoor environmental conditions are perhaps another important parameter toward energy‐efficient buildings. Through dynamic simulations, this study examines the energy efficiency and thermal comfort achieved by integrating retrofitting strategies in an institutional building in three different American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air‐Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) hot climate zones represented by three cities of Egypt (Aswan, Cairo, and Alexandria). The built‐up baseline model is validated using actual energy usage data. The validated baseline model is then subjected to local sensitivity analysis to determine the driving parameters influencing the building's energy demand. The study at hand focuses on a broader perspective on sustainability. With a multiapproach decision‐making methodology based on the most recent measures, the study highlights the outcomes through an environmental–economic assessment and indoor thermal comfort depending on experts' weighting, responses, and recommendations. The outcomes postulate that the implementation of reflective paints solutions would achieve the highest percentages of whole‐building energy savings with 21%, 19%, and 17% for Aswan, Cairo, and Alexandria, respectively, improving indoor thermal comfort levels.


Port is an important hub node in modern logistics activities. This paper reviews and evaluates the related literature of domestic and overseas port logistics development theory. At the same time, it analyzes and summarizes the mode and features of the domestic and foreign well-known port logistics centre to gain some enlightenment and reference. Based on pointing out the limitations of domestic and foreign port logistics development, it puts forward the research direction and emphasis in the future.


Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2004-05 and 2005-06 at the RRSS, Sekahmpur, BCKV, to study the effect of B and Mo to the growth, and yield of lentil grown on inherently poor lateritic soil. The lentil (cv. B77) was raised with application of B and Mo either separately or in mixture through foliage or to soil along with NPK fertilizers. The leaf area index, above ground dry matter and crop growth rate increased with the application of B and Mo. Soil application of B coupled with foliar application of Mo enhanced the yield attributing characters and yield of the lentil crop. The study indicated that growing of lentil in lateritic soils depleted the nutrients particularly micronutrients which resulted in loss of yield and could be recovered, if the relevant micronutrients are supplemented through appropriate application methods and dosage.


The Act establishes a new Public Company Accounting Oversight Board which is to be supervised by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Act restricts accounting firms from performing a number of other services for the companies which they audit. The Act also requires new disclosures for public companies and the officers and directors of those companies.


Jay C. Jones ACADEMIC HOPE: A STUDY INVESTIGATING THE GRADUATE SCHOOL EXPERIENCE OF SELECTED AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE STUDENTS 2007/08 Dr. Burton R. Sisco Master of Arts in Higher Education Administration The purpose of the study was to investigate the experience of selected African American male graduate students at Rowan University. Specifically, the study examined how selected students experience graduate school academically and socially. The study involved eight participants who engaged in an interview process and completed a demographic survey. The data collection instruments included an interview schedule and a demographic survey. The demographic survey consisted of 11 questions that obtained information to better understand the participants. The interview schedule solicited information from the African American male participants about their experiences in graduate school, and what further recommendations they have to facilitate more African American males to pursue higher education. Majority of the participants felt as though their experience was a good one but noticed a lack of African American male students in the graduate programs at Rowan. Results showed that participants felt as though the bachelor's degree was not enough in today's standards and that a master's degree was essential in the educational process. Mentoring and family support was shown to play a significant role in the educational success of the participants.


An impressive empirical literature suggests that physical attractiveness is associated with interpersonal attraction and with specific personality traits, some of which are favorable and many of which are objectively unrelated to attractiveness. Interestingly, much of the research investigating the impact of attractiveness on liking and personality inference has not accounted for the role of the self in social perception. In this project I investigated the possibility that perceptual similarity between the self and target contributes to differential judgments of attractive and unattractive individuals. Participants completed self-ratings of physical attractiveness and evaluated a target who was high, medium, or low in physical attractiveness. As expected, participants rated themselves as relatively attractive and as similar on attractiveness to attractive targets. Target evaluations varied as a function of target attractiveness; however, self-ratings on attractiveness moderated the impact of target attractiveness on liking for and personality inferences about the target. Attractiveness similarity also completely mediated the effect of target attractiveness on liking. The findings are discussed with regard to implicit personality theory and implicit egotism.


Different applications of lithium carbonate are introduced in brief.Some productive technologies and characteristics of lithium carbonate are emphatically introduced from the lithium pyroxene and brine and seawater,And the deficiency of productive technology is discussed.The aim of preparation for lithium carbonate is reducing the cost and predigesting productive technology.The author proposed that the salt lake resources should face an orientation of comprehensive utilization as well as environmental protection.


The NZ railway track and structures infrastructure is managed by the New Zealand Railways Corporation (trading as ONTRACK). The civil asset consists of 4161 km of mainline track, 6.45 million sleepers, 1582 rail bridges, 149 tunnels with a cumulative length of 87 km, and 12 900 culverts. There are a number of infrastructure challenges faced by ONTRACK due to the asset age and condition combined with changing expectations of the level of service required of the asset and increasing demand. These challenges are significantly influencing the short to medium term asset management strategies currently being devised. A selection of brief case studies on the rail sector are presented in the paper, demonstrating how lessons can be reinforced or learned by the wider transportation profession. Case studies include railway approaches to risk management; deterioration modelling of treated pinus radiata sleepers; culvert risk analysis; strength rating of timber bridges and innovative design solutions to replace large numbers of timber bridges. The case studies use a mixture of empirical physical examples and also present the results of engineering analysis and modelling.


This study is an outcome of repetitive field trips made in Sohelwa forest during 2016 and 2017. About 15 species were collected from different localities. The extensive surveys were carried out in different areas of district Bahraich, Shrawasti, Balrampur and Gonda during February-March 2017. Historical aspects were studied with the help of local people and inventory is prepared. The documentation including name of deity, extent and status of total area has also been carried out. The inhabitants of the area have to use the wild edible plants for various purposes and dependant on surrounding plant resources for a long time for their food and other cultural purposes. The tribes of the state largely depend on forests for their livelihood and have acquired a vast knowledge about plant wealth and utilization of forest products. An Ethno botanical field study reveals that the ethnic people have considerable traditional knowledge of wild edible plants and their utilization. Different plants available in the locality used by the tribals. The sustainable harvesting and management issue of Ethmedicinal species are discussed in view of their conservation and managements.


Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) has higher morbidity and harmful greatly in the group of children sleep respiratory disorders.Many advances in children OSAHS were come out in the recent years,this article introduces the recent advances of epidemiology,etiology,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment on children OSAHS.


BACKGROUND
The psychosocial impact of acquired dysarthria on the speaker is well recognized. To date, speech-and-language therapists have no instrument available to measure this construct. This has implications for outcome measurement and for planning intervention. This paper describes the Dysarthria Impact Profile (DIP), an instrument that has the potential to meet this need in clinical practice.

AIMS
To describe the development of the DIP, which was devised as part of a larger study to measure psychosocial impact of acquired dysarthria from the speaker's perspective.

METHODS & PROCEDURES
The current psychometric properties of the DIP are examined. The scale was administered to 31 participants with acquired dysarthria. The internal consistency of the scale items and their intra-rater reliability were investigated. Concurrent validity was assessed for the portion of the scale (Section A) assessing impact of acquired dysarthria on self-perception, self-concept and self-esteem by comparing the results with changes in self-concept as determined by the Head Injury Semantic Differential Scale (HISD II).

OUTCOMES & RESULTS
The DIP shows good internal consistency and strong intra-rater reliability overall. There was a strong, statistically significant, correlation between results on Section A of the DIP and the results of the HISD II suggesting convergent validity for this portion of the scale. There are some limitations to the scale in its current format and these are highlighted.

CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS
The scale is now ready for further refinement and development. Once validated, it should act as a robust outcome measure for clinicians.


In this paper, for first time dynamic response of composite sandwich panel with a flexible core on elastic foundation under low-velocity impact load is studied. The governing equations of sandwich panel are obtained using the Hamilton principle and energy method. Free vibration analysis of panel is based on the improved higher-order sandwich panel theory (IHSAPT) by considering elastic foundation effects in equations. The formulation uses the first shear deformation theory (FSDT) for face sheets and Frostig's second model for core. The equations system is solved for plate on elastic foundation using two parameters Pasternak model. For dynamic analysis of composite sandwich panel under low-velocity impact load, the sandwich panel is modeled as a two-degrees-of-freedom dynamic system with equivalent masses and springs using linearized Hertz contact law from Choi method. In this model for impact solution, fundamental natural frequency has been used directly for calculation of the equivalent stiffness of panel. Effect of variation of various vertical and transverse shear modulus of elastic foundation on natural frequencies of free vibration, contact force history and transverse displacement of panel in low-velocity impact analysis is discussed and is compared with the available results in literature.


Essence and Adorner", "According to Logic and According to Form" are two corresponding academic theories on form with both similarities and differences. This paper makes an analysis of both similarities and differences of culture, world outlook, way of thinking between ancient China and the West by studying the two theories.


The magnetic and structural properties of highly chemically ordered epitaxial (Fe1-xMnx)50Pt50 L10 (0lesxles0.4) thin films are investigated. Highly chemically ordered (Fe1-xMnx)50Pt50 (0lesxles0.4) is deposited epitaxially on MgO (100) substrates at 550degC by magnetron co-sputtering from two alloy targets. The epitaxial quality, degree of chemical ordering, and lattice constants for the epitaxial films are determined from specular and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Saturation magnetization, Ms, and anisotropy constant, K1, are measured in a maximum field of 2 T using a commercial vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra of the Fe and Mn L2,3 edges are taken.


Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a difficult disease to treat because of the complex pathogenesis of the disease. Biological response modifiers (BRM), specifically immunomodulators, have been the subject of considerable research effort as an approach for enhancing current antiviral therapies. Prophylactic treatment, using the BRM imexon (4-imino1,3-diazobicyclo(3.1.0)-hexan-2-one), has been shown in a very limited study to be effective in reducing Friend virus complex (FV)-induced splenomegaly in mice.' In this report, we have used a murine model recently described2 for evaluating BRMs for the treatment of retroviral infection. A mouse strain, (B1O.A X A/WySn)F,, was used that is capable of eliciting a specific retroviral immune response analogous to that seen in AIDS, that is, viral-specific antibodies are produced soon after viral challenge despite the occurrence of immunosuppression. The production and persistence of the antibodies are correlated with a reduction of infected cells and viremia. Regardless of the virus-specific immune response, the disease is fatal. Intraperitoneal (ip) imexon treatment initiated on days + 1 or + 3 after FV inoculation (schedule 1 and 2, respectively) at 110 and 55 mg/kg/day markedly reduced the weight of spleens (p < 0.01) from FV-infected mice compared to placebo-treated mice (TABLE 1). Treatment initiated on day +7 (schedule 3) was less effective in reducing splenomegaly . In mice treated with the highest dosage (1 10 mg/kg/day), using schedule 1, the cell-free virus from spleen homogenates and FV-specific RNA/splenocytes were significantly reduced when assayed on day 15 (TABLE 1). Plasma virus titers and viral


The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of motivation of seeing and hearing in TV on viewing attitude and viewing behavior at TV soccer hookup. The subjects of this study are college students. From the students attending in Seoul and Gyeonggi, a population was selected, 504 valid samples were collected. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, cross tabulation, factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, college students' favorite TV sport program was soccer(67.3%), and their favorite sports channel was MBC(29.2%). The most frequently cited reason for watching sports on TV was to obtain sports information(75%). And the most frequently cited attraction of watching sports on TV was excitement(54.8%). Second, as for the effect of the reliability of TV sports broadcasting on the attitude toward viewing of TV sports programs and TV sports program viewing behavior, fairness factor affected these more than expertise.


Outdated tax structures crafted for a regulated industry could saddle utilities and other power companies, with a heavy fiscal burden. That's why industry experts want to address the problems, before it's too late


The article explains the current at the turn of XX-XXI centuries multi-faceted educational activities of the Russian Academy of Arts for the preparation of highly artistic personnel capable to create works of Orthodox art. During this period the Academy consisted of two artistic high schools, two colleges and academic workshops of art. Keywords—Russian Academy of Arts, Arts Education, the revival of the Russian Orthodox Church, temple art, religious


Background: Combination therapy with catheter ablation of the cavo‐tricuspid isthmus and continued drug therapy, that is, "hybrid therapy," in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and drug‐induced atrial flutter (AFL) is reported to be an alternative means of achieving and maintaining sinus rhythm. With respect to choosing this method among the rhythm control therapies, its long‐term efficacy and the prevalence of AFL in patients with AF are very important and have not been fully elucidated.


This technical report presents an environment representation for use in vision-based navigation. The representation has two useful properties: 1) it has constant size, which can enable strong run-time guarantees to be made for control algorithms using it, and 2) it is structurally similar to a camera image space, which effectively allows control to operate in the sensor space rather than employing difficult, and often inaccurate, projections into a structurally different control space (e.g. Euclidean). The presented representation is intended to form the basis of a vision-based subsumption control architecture.


We propose that galactic dark matter can be described by a nonuniform dark energy fluid. The underlying field is a decaying vector field, which might corresponds to a photon-like but massive particle of 4 degrees of dynamical freedom. We propose a very general Lagrangian for this vector field. The model includes a continuous spectrum of plausible gravity theories, for example, quintessence, f(R), Einstein-Aether, MOND, TeVeS, BSTV, V-Λ theories, and the inflaton scalar field as special cases. We study in detail a special class of models with a fixed norm of the timelike vector field in the physical metric, which includes a nonlinear K4 term and a Ricci scalar term. We derive the Einstein equations in the perturbed form, which are needed for simulating structure growth in an FRW universe to test such theories. A special case of the model V-Λ shows promise of resembling the ΛCDM cosmology. We show that the vector field has the effect of a nonuniform dark fluid, which resembles dark matter in galaxies and dark energy in the late universe.


A novel mode II fracture test setup based on a simple tensile loading scenario with a dis- continuous ply specimen is proposed in the paper as the first step towards determination of the cohesive law of composite layer interfaces. Key outputs of the procedure are the full displacement fields obtained by correlation of high resolution SEM images taken during in-situ tensile tests. Analysis of the full displacement fields at subsequent stress levels allow for unique analysis of the damage zone and direct determination of the displacement jumps across the interface. The next phase of the work is the evaluation of the shear stres- ses at the interface necessary to determine the cohesive law. 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license


less mobile or less informed workers do not pay a fair reduction in wages for their pension, and, since firms have an incentive to offer unfair contracts to these workers, employer-based defined benefit plans are unfair retirement insurance. Chapters 5 and 6 concern corporate finance and investment policy toward pensions. Ghilarducci argues that as "labor's capital," pension funds should be invested according to social needs criteria. She criticizes union leadership for negotiating over vesting rules rather than investment policy and for the "noncritical use of the market rate of return criteria," which leads to investments that are profitable in the short run but endanger future employment. Chapter 7 reviews pension legislation in the 1980s, and in Chapter 8 Ghilarducci proposes to replace the employer-based pension system (as well as the employer-based health insurance system) with a nationalized and universal advance-funded scheme that would finance a national industrial policy. Employers would be required to contribute 3% of payroll to a portable, participant-directed account reserved for retirement. The tax exemption for employersponsored pension contributions would be eliminated. The book is successful in presenting an interesting history of pension development. For example, Ghilarducci describes how the growth of pensions following World War Two was an unintended consequence of the Revenue Act of 1942. The Act was designed to curb wartime profits and inflation by taxing profits, but it included an exception for profits channeled into pension funds or health plans. The result was that corporate contributions to pension trusts increased from $171 million in 1941 to $857 million by 1945, and the number of private plans increased from 659 in 1939 to 9,370 in 1946. Once the focus turns to retirement income adequacy and specific policy recommendations, however, the author begins making ideological assertions that are not entirely convincing because they are rarely backed by scholarly evidence. Here are a few examples. First, there is no explicit discussion of the market failure that must be preventing socially beneficial projects from appearing profitable to pension trustees. Second, in a discussion of retirement income adequacy and pension benefits, no mention is made of the other two legs of the three-legged retirement stool-Social Security and private saving. A recent Pension Research Council publication (Z. Bodie and A. H. Munnell, Pensions and the Economy: Sources, Uses, and Limitations of Data [Philadelphia: Pension Research Council and University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992]) covering many of the same issues with both statistics and a variety of viewpoints is a useful supplement to Ghilarducci's discussion. I would have liked to see the trend toward defined contribution plans addressed in more detail. In particular, the growth in 401 (k) plans is one of the most significant recent developments. This type of plan addresses many of Ghilarducci's criticisms of defined benefits plans: portability, flexibility, and participantdirected features. The interested reader will find several chapters that address these developments inJ. A. Turner and D.J. Beller's Trends in Pensions 1992 (U.S. Department of Labor, Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration). Recent estimates (completed a year after the publication of Ghilarducci's book) suggest that defined contribution plans may yield a higher average return for nearly every worker and reduce income inequality among the elderly (A. A. Samwick and J. Skinner, "How Will Defined Contribution Plans Affect Retirement Income? " mimeo, UniversityofVirginia, September 1993). Many readers will be sympathetic with Ghilarducci's most convincing argument that there is no justification for using the tax system to subsidize and guide pension policy. Economists of different ideologies have argued that the resultant skewing of benefits in favor of high-income workers is inconsistent with national goals for tax equity.


securing definite results. The chances are that the special committee will be selected with care. It will have a small membership and will represent the best ability in the community in regard to the question in hand. It is sometimes amusing to see councils of social agencies with a rather limited social work personnel trying to complete five or six standing committees and then to see these committees drifting along through the year trying to find a program. While social work agencies must strive, increasingly, for a common understanding in regard to methods and policies, they must also remember that in no other field of human activity is it necessary to have such a large field for private initiative. Social work has always been a pioneering work. It is something that grows out of the very depth of man's nature. It is an expression of that love that should govern all human relations. It is an expression of the second great commandment of the law, almost on a par with the first: "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with thy whole heart, and with thy whole soul, and with thy whole mind, and with thy whole strength. And the second is like to it: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself."


Airway resistance is dependent not only upon the anatomical state of the conducting air passages, but also upon the non-elastic resistance to air fiow. In the completely healthy and fully cooperative individual, the ventilatory capacity or the respiratory pump is almost wholly dependent upon the non-elastic airway resistance. Under these circumstances, airway resistance is dependent upon the density-viscosity (D/V) ratio for a give~ gas fiow together with the sum of the product of the hnear velo~ity of gas fiow and the viscosity and density respectively (K;V +K;V·).


Abstract Professional knowledge is a prominent topic of research in subject specific didactics that originated from mathematics education. In the discourse on religious education, however, there are no empirical studies to reconstruct such knowledge bottom-up from religion teachers' practice. This paper addresses that desideratum and investigates the suitability of the concept of professional knowledge for religious education. Theoretically based on Baumert and Kunter's structural model of teacher knowledge (2006) and empirically conducted through Problem-Centered Interviews (Witzel 2000) with three religion teachers after planning an instructional sequence on Jesus Christ it elaborates a tentative structural model of religion teacher knowledge. According to the empirical results reconstructed by Qualitative Content Analysis (Mayring 2000), the concept of CK has to be amended by an epistemological dimension. PCK in the domain of religious education is more about instructional principles than instructional strategies and includes the teachers' perspective on the instructed topic. In consequence, the tentative structural model of religions teacher knowledge supports the assumption that such knowledge is domain specific.


to this question is at best somewhat speculative. Dawson argues that educated Indians became crucial intermediaries ("brokers") linking Indian communities and the state, concluding that the subsequent political ascendancy of these "indigenas capacitados" (some of whom would become PRI-affiliated caciques) "represents perhaps the most important but least understood outcome of revolutionary Indigenismo" (p. 153). He may well be right, but the evidence provided is very fragmentary. Still, for those looking for a nuanced and insightful general overview of Indigenista policy and practice, this book is an excellent place to start.


vii Publications arising from this thesis xi Table of contents xiii List of tables xvii List of figures xviii Chapter One: Introduction 21 1.


Contents: Preface. Part I: Introduction. D. De Cremer, M. Zeelenberg, J.K. Murnighan, Social Animals and Economic Beings: On Unifying Social Psychology and Economics. Part II: Preferences, Utility, and Choice. D.M. Messick, Utility and the Psychology of Preference. A. Schotter, Conventional Behavior. C.K.W. De Dreu, W. Steinel, Social Decision Making in Fuzzy Situations: Motivated Information Processing and Strategic Choice. E.T. Higgins, How Regulatory Fit Creates Value. Part III: Emotions. T. Ketelaar, The Role of Moral Sentiments in Economic Decision Making. M. Zeelenberg, R. Pieters, Feeling Is for Doing: A Pragmatic Approach to the Study of Emotions in Economic Behavior. Part IV: Reciprocity, Cooperation, and Fairness. E. van Dijk, D. De Cremer, Tacit Coordination and Social Dilemmas: On the Importance of Self-Interest and Fairness. T.R. Tyler, D. De Cremer, Cooperation in Groups. K. McCabe, The Neuroeconomics of Personal and Interpersonal Decision Making. Part V: Social Distance. K. Fujita, Y. Trope, N. Liberman, The Role of Mental Construal in Self-Control. I. Bohnet, How Institutions Affect Behavior: Insights From Economics and Psychology. L. Babcock, M. Gelfand, D. Small, H. Stayn, Gender Differences in the Propensity to Initiate Negotiations. Part VI: Challenges to Social Psychology and Economics. M.H. Bazerman, D. Malhotra, Economics Wins, Psychology Loses, and Society Pays. C.D. Batson, "Not All Is Self-Interest After All": Economics of Empathy-Induced Altruism. R. Croson, Contrasting Methods and Comparative Findings in Psychology and Economics. Part VII: Collaborative Reflections and Projections. J.K. Murnighan, A.E. Roth, Some of the Ancient History of Experimental Economics and Social Psychology: Reminiscences and Analysis of a Fruitful Collaboration.


Thermo-hydraulic software for electronics applications can be used to design and optimize telecommunications racks. At present, integrating multivendor devices into a single system makes it very difficult to determine thermal parameters. This study demonstrates the use of a different modelling method to handle such configurations, based on the case of a real telecommunications cabinet. This paper describes: the THEBES thermal simulation tool; the telecommunications equipment used for the study; the modelling method developed with the THEBES software; the analysis of simulation results obtained; and the advantages of that modelling method.<<ETX>>


PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) guide on drilling the screw-access channel for lingually placed implants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Screw-channel drilling guides were fabricated on lingually placed implant models using CAD/CAM technology. The screw channels were prepared with guided or freehand drilling by 20 dental graduates. The accuracy of each screw channel was assessed for drilling entry point, channel volume, and angulation (α = .05).

RESULTS
The guided drilling group showed smaller deviations than the freehand drilling group, and prosthesis position influenced the guide effect (P < .001).

CONCLUSION
The CAD/CAM guide facilitated the screw channel preparation of cement-retained prostheses supported by lingually placed implants.


I used telemetry to locate maternity roost sites of four Eptesicus fuscus and five Lasionycteris noctivagans in northeast Oregon, and I measured characteristics of the roost tree, roost site itself, and surrounding habitat. I also recorded the frequency and distance of roost shifts and the size of some maternity colonies. Both species used large live and dead trees with the diameter of the trees used by E. fuscus being significantly larger than those used by L. noctivagans. Roost sites were high, uncluttered, and faced no particular direction. None of these features differed significantly between the two species. Trees used by E. fuscus were in significantly more open forest on flat terrain than those used by L. noctivagans. E. fuscus tended to have larger maternity colonies than L. noctivagans. Bats of both species changed roost trees frequently. E. fuscus moved farther between trees than did L. noctivagans, most of which remained in the same drainage. Because of roost-tree lability and the need for large trees as maternity roosts, it is important that forest planners retain large trees when laying out salvage and green timber sales.


The fruits of China's rapid economic development over the 3 decades have not been distributed fairly across different regions. Using data from a sample of 815 Chinese listed firms during 1998-2004, our error-correction investment model showes evidence of different financial constraints on firms' investment in different regions. We argue that China's regional development policies have contributed greatly to the regional inequalities. To control the rising inequality, China has shifted its focus from the coast to the interior regions. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult for the government to direct the economy, as market mechanisms now have a far greater influence on the economy than the government does. The people-centered approach of the current leadership has meant that substantial attention has been placed on regional development disparities in an attempt to build a "harmonious society." China needs further extensive reforms if all the measures for reducing regional disparity are to be effective. Copyright (c) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2008 Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.


The effect of plasma nitrogenation on the structural and magnetic properties of Pr 2 Fe 17 and Sm 2 Fe 17 compounds was investigated by Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy, thermomagnetic measurements, optical metallography, and electronic microprobe analysis. Samples were prepared starting from Pr 2 Fe 17 and Sm 2 Fe 17 commercial powders with 20 m m granulometry, submitted to nitrogenation treatment at 400 °C in 10 Torr atmosphere of 80%H 2 –20%N 2 during periods up to 8 h. Our results show the formation of R 2 Fe 17 N 3 and metallic Fe and indicate the existence of two other phases. The Mo¨ssbauer parameters of the latter are characterized by magnetic hyperfine fields ~ peak values ! of 21 ~ 24 ! and 3 ~ 4 ! T and isomer shifts of 0.17 and 0.24 ~ 0.24 and 0.29 ! mm/s for Pr ~ Sm ! . Their magnetic-phase transitions were determined to be close to 250 and 90 °C. Our results suggest that these 2:17 phases present stoichiometries close to R 2 Fe 17 N 8 and R 2 Fe 17 N 11 , respectively. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. @ S0021-8979 ~ 00 ! 21908-7 #


We present an on-the-fly mechanism that detects access conflicts in executions of multi-threaded Java programs. Access conflicts are a conservative approximation of data races. The checker tracks access information at the level of objects (object races) rather than at the level of individual variables. This viewpoint allows the checker to exploit specific properties of object-oriented programs for optimization by restricting dynamic checks to those objects that are identified by escape analysis as potentially shared. The checker has been implemented in collaboration with an "ahead-of-time"Java compiler. The combination fo static program analysis (escape-analysis) and inline instrumentation during code generation allows us to reduce the runtime overhead of detecting access conflicts. This overhead amounts to about 16-129% in time and less than 25% in space for typical benchmark applications and compares favorably to previously published on-the-fly mechanism that incurred an overhead of about a factor of 2-80 in time and up to a factor of 2 in space.