This paper analyzes the risk-taking behavior of open-end corporate bond funds after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the policy interventions that followed it. Using monthly security-level information on portfolio holdings at the global level in 2020, we show that funds more exposed to central banks' pandemic-related asset purchase programmes, measured as the pre-pandemic share of eligible assets, increased the credit and liquidity risks of their portfolios more than less exposed ones. Highly exposed intermediaries raised the riskiness of their portfolios when they under-performed their peers or when they were characterized by greater financial fragilities associated to liquidity mismatch, i.e. when they already held significant shares of high yield bonds or less liquid assets at the onset of the pandemic. This evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that pandemic-related policy measures, aiming to restore market functioning and to mitigate the risk of investors' runs, may have unintendedly strengthened funds' risk-taking incentives.


A large wave of Chinese immigrants came to the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century. Employment, mainly in the salmon-canning industry, drew thousands of them to coastal Astoria, Oregon. Taking the period between the first Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882 and the Immigration Act of 1924, this thesis focuses on the Chinese merchants in Astoria and their importance for our understanding of race relations in the town during these years. Specifically, the merchants help to make sense of how the Chinese related to the local white population, as different sources suggest different trends of amiability and hostility. Newspapers testify that local Chinese gained acceptance during the period, going generally from vilified outcasts to respected members of the community. Immigration case files, however, show that officials displayed little resistance to Chinese in the early exclusion years, but worked harder to deny Chinese applications toward the end of this period. So, from one body of records it seems that white Astorians grew more tolerant of Chinese during these years, while the other document set shows a rise in conflict with the immigrants. This apparent contradiction can be reconciled by considering the demographic changes in the Chinese immigrant community during this period, along with class biases and the role of merchants in immigration and social interactions.


Paper examines the psychometric properties of the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) (Kouzes & Posner, 1993) in a framework of Item Response Theory (IRT). LPI assesses five dimensions (i.e. leadership practices) of the "neocharismatic" (House & Aditya, 1997) (or visionary and transformational) leadership and consists of 30 items. IRT is a model based theory that relates characteristics of questionnaire items (item parameters) and characteristics of individuals (latent variables) to the probability of choosing each of the response categories. IRT item parameters are not dependant on the sample of respondents to whom the questions were administered. Moreover, it does not assume that the instrument is equally reliable for all levels of the latent variable examined. Samejima's (1969) Graded Response Model was used to estimate LPI item characteristics, such as the item difficulty and item discrimination power. The results show that some items are redundant, in a sense that they contribute little to the overall precision of the instrument. Moreover, LPI seems to be most precise and reliable for respondents with low to medium usage of leadership practices, while it becomes increasingly unreliable for high-quality leaders. These findings suggest that LPI can best be used for training and development purposes, but not for leader selection purposes.


The core of this thesis is an analysis of existing frameworks and their mutual comparison. The product is a simple interactive web portal based on customized framework, which implements the user management module. As a development environment is selected JAVA.


This paper describes the enhancement of Pascal to specify synchronization between concurrent processes by Path Expressions. The extended language is being used to gain experience in the design and construction of practical real time systems and operating systems. An encapsulation mechanism is included to synchronize all accesses to encapsulated data. A network message transfer system is presented as an extended example of the use of Path Expressions.


The current middle school students crave reading popular novels.The influence and the reading tendency that receives from middle-school student outside reading,and the influence on their emotion manner and social view aspects are discussed.After inquiring present students' reading trend and influence,Chinese teachers' reading teaching can be helped and the related strategy is raised.


The paper begins with a consideration of theoretical and methodological issues relating to the identification of linguistic units and, in particular, to the morphology/syntax distinction using a functionalist approach. It further considers the class of -en verbs in English from the points of view of their history, grammar and semantics. There is a consideration of their register differences from verbs of similar meaning. It reviews their treatment in earlier grammars, considers some deficiencies of those treatments and suggests some alternative analyses. The paper suggests that the verbs are unusual for English because of their morphological structure and present some linguistically interesting properties, such as the sporadic nature of word formation in English and the contrast with synthetic or syntactic alternative expressions. Theoretical Preamble In order to make descriptive statements about any language, we must be clear about the units and relations we are operating with. The definition of units (phoneme, sign, morpheme, syntactic complex, etc.) and relations (is dependent on, is in construction with, etc.) is a theoretical matter. We cannot define linguistic units from experience of particular languages without circularity, because the identification of particular linguistic units (phonemes in Chinese or syntactic constructions in English) presupposes a method of classification and the definition of theoretical terms such as those above. In morphology, it is tempting to define units purely in terms of the linguistic form of expressions. Such an approach means, however, that homonyms cannot be distinguished, as Mulder and Hervey (1972, 26-7) point out. Thus, if we look only at the question of form, there is a single linguistic unit, put ... out and a single unit relay in English. However, that will be the same unit in she put the cat out (placed it outside the house) she put the fire out (extinguished it) They are re-laying the carpet (laying it again) They are relaying the information (transmitting it). (The hyphen is irrelevant except in writing.) If we wish to recognise two units with the form put out and two with the form relay, we must use a form-meaning criterion, and we will have units of a different sort, namely signs of the Saussurean type. If we do the latter, then it will be clear that put out and relay are grammatically complex (consisting of two separately meaningful units put and out [*] Previously unpublished. Peer-reviewed before publication. [Editor's note] Rastall : Linguistic units and -en verbs in English and reand lay, respectively) and put out and relay grammatically simple because the meaning of the whole is, in each case, not a function of the meanings of the assumed parts. The examples show that homonyms may be of different grammatical types (see also Harris, 1973, chapter 3) and that the grammatical relations we recognise in a structure depend on the units we identify in analysis, i.e. in the first case there is a grammatical relation between put and out and between reand lay, and in the second there is none because put out and relay are "pseudo-composites"; they are not genuinely constructions at all, but only have the appearance of being complexes because of their form and, perhaps, a comparison with genuine homonymous complexes. It is commonly the case with phrasal verbs in English that there may be two or more homonymous units, each with a different grammatical status, e.g. take out, take in, set down, put back, etc. The same is true of the much less extensively studied –en verbs below. Furthermore, we must ask whether the complex units we recognise are all of the same type. Traditionally, morphological complexes are distinguished from syntactic ones, but the demarcation is normally very unclear. I will take the following approach (see Rastall, 1998, 139 ff.). A sign is morphologically complex, i.e. not functionally ordered, if and only if a. it functions as a single unit b. it consists of two or more simple signs c. there is no possibility of commuting either component sign with a complex sign d. there is no possibility of permutation of the component signs and additionally e. neither sign separately contracts syntagmatic relations with other signs in a syntagm. (E.g. the morphological complex dogs in I like dogs is related as a whole to likes – no component in the complex dogs can be separately bracketed with dog or -s.) Otherwise, signs are syntactically ordered. This approach is in line with a long tradition in functionalist linguistics and is explained in Martinet (1975 and 1989) and especially in Mulder and Hervey, 1972, 20-25; 1980, 122-49). "Units" or "linguistic entities", as indicated above, may be of varying degrees of complexity and may occur at all levels of analysis. They can be defined as "elements or analytical properties of elements" (Mulder, 1980, p. 42). This means that "units" are those constructs which we set up through the processes of analysis to account for aspects of the complex process of speech communication. In functionalism, it is insisted that all units must have separate communicational relevance. This corresponds to the communication theorist's principle that "information implies choice". Without clarity over the position of a term such as "morphological complex" or "grammatically simple unit" and the corresponding methodology, it is impossible to know what an analysis is saying and what might be a refutation. Using the principle of relevance, we can distinguish cases in which a unit has two or more separately relevant component units from those cases where this is only apparently so. Put out is a syntactic complex using these criteria (because, among other things, out can be commuted with complex adverbials such as in the garden, further away, etc.) She put the cat in the garden/further away and re-lay is a morphological complex (there is no possibility of commutation with complexes or permutation). It is "unordered". (That is, there is no possibility of an ordering relation between the component units – unlike in syntax. One should not confuse "order" in


Scaphocephaly, a congenital defect of the skull, was identified in an adult female skeleton interred in a Funnel Beaker culture settlement pit (4590±30 years BP) in central Moravia. Scaphocephaly is a natural deformation of the skull resulting from premature fusion of sagittal sutures. premature fusion (craniosynostoses) can cause deformation of the skull (craniostenoses). The skull in question is deformed and disproportionately long and narrow (cranial index: 55). Fusion probably occurred in early childhood, most likely shortly after birth, when the brain was growing most quickly. Scaphocephaly is usually not associated with mental or physical disorders, however, the greater the deformation the greater the chance of intracranial pressure and compression of the brain. Some studies suggest that non-syndromic single suture fusion influenced intellectual development in half of examined cases. In clinical research individuals with scaphocephaly demonstrated asymmetric cerebral blood flow. The etiology of these defects is not fully understood. In addition to the congenital defect of the skull, there are Harris lines on the metaphysis of the tibiae. We used visual observation, metric analysis, CT scan and X-ray examination to precisely record all pathological lesions. These pathological findings are an important contribution to the archaeological context and circumstances of the funeral, and may be evidence of the treatment of deformed individuals. While this woman might not have been affected by a mental disorder, her appearance differed markedly from what was normal in her society. It is possible that the funeral practice related to her remains was a reflection of her social status. From an anthropological point of view this is a uniquely well-preserved human remain for the period, and is of local and world-wide importance. A R t i C l e i n f O Article history: Received: 6 December 2010 Accepted: 2 February 2011


This paper analyzes the main factors about choosing the supplie. A judging model is set up with fuzzy mathematic method. It offers the ideas to solve the problems and resources for the evaluation of supplier.


s: In this paper, our focus is to see the impact of imperfect international capital mobility on tariff adjustment process between two countries. Assuming complete specialization of each country, the results show that the existence of an imperfect international capital market may trigger a gradual tariff adjustment. That is, when it takes time and causes idle capital in reallocating capital between countries, tariff negotiations between two countries may end up with a different tariff combination, rather than reaching a long run welfare maximizing tariff combination immediately at the first period. The results also include where immediate adjustment is the Nash bargaining negotiation result. The model also shows that the short run tariff rate of a country may be even lower that its long run tariff rate, i.e., the first period tariff rate is lower than the long run welfare maximizing tariff rate that is imposed at the second period.


This theory predicts the existence of smallest particle Pe. Proposes calculations of smallest particle radius possible in the universe and to calculate the limit of maximum energy any particle can attain using Planck Maxwell and Einstein's equations along with some fundamental assumptions. This theory shows that the equations involved for calculation of Energy of the smallest particle derived from only of Physical Constants. This information may help lead to the fundamental question of where the universe began and might lead to new discoveries. ————————————————————


We present an analytical calibration approach for passive microwave polarimeters that is applicable where the instrument can be partitioned into distinct, functional radio-frequency blocks. The methodology is focused on polarimetric system characterization, not polarimetric measurements. It requires characterization of each major internal functional subsystem with a vector network analyzer to obtain a closed-form transfer function. The goals of this approach are to provide a transfer function describing the system in its entirety and to isolate the contribution of each subsystem to the uncertainty in the final modified Stokes parameters. Notably, the approach does not assume ideal polarization isolation in the radiometer system. A significant benefit of this approach is that the cascaded transfer functions serve as a realistic instrument simulator revealing where improvements in component performance would have greatest benefit for system performance over the dynamic range of the instrument. This systems-focused approach is applied to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center polarimetric Airborne C-band Microwave Radiometer (ACMR), whose architecture allows the necessary subsystem partitioning. The characteristics of each subsystem were extensively measured, converted to a transfer function, and imported into the overall closed-form system model. Inversion of the system model and error analysis inherent to this calibration approach are illustrated by a full Stokes parameter retrieval for a senescent cornfield.


The present investigation was carried out to estimate galactomannan content in mature seeds of 17 guar genotypes and activity of enzymes involved in galactomannan metabolism. Galactomannan content was found in the range of 16.82 (in IC 310630) to 36.68 per cent (in HG 3-2). The developing pods were sampled at 25, 32, 39 and 46 days after flowering (DAF) for a-galactosyltransferase, s-D-mannosidase & s-1, 4-mannanase assay. The mean a-galactosyltransferase specific activity increased from 25 to 39 DAF (1557 to 3093 units) followed by decrease at 46 DAF (1484 units). The mean specific activity increased from 392 to 3166 units with the increase in galactomannan content from 16.82 to 36.68 per cent. Thus, this enzyme showed highly positive correlation with the galactomannan content. The mean specific activity of s-D-mannosidase increased gradually from 25 to 39 DAF (67 to 138 units) followed by sharp decrease at 46 DAF (32 units). The mean specific activity of s-1, 4-mannanase was found maximum at 25 DAF (102 units) and afterwards, it decreased continuously with advancement of days after flowering up to 46 days (9 units). On the whole, it can be said that the s-D-mannosidase requires prior activity of s-1, 4-mannanase for galactomannan catabolism while a-galactosyltransferase activity is positively correlated with galactomannan content and play a major role in guar gum synthesis and can be further used for gum improvement via genetic manipulation.


A series of (BaO)x-(ZnO)1-x-TiO2 (x = 0.1-0.9) ceramics are synthesized via conventional solid-state reaction method. The diffraction pattern reveals that the cubic (Zn2Ti3O8 & BaTiO3) and monoclinic (Ba2ZnTi5O13) phases are present in the resultant compositions. The average crystallite size is found to be varying between 30110 nm. The optical band gap energies are evaluated using UV-Visible spectral analysis. The band gap studies established the semiconducting nature of all compositions other than x = 0.1.


The article considers the sustainable development of enterprises as the most important factor in the functioning of an organization in the modern world. It is noted that the effectiveness of the formation of sustainable development lies not only in the positive dynamics of indicators and compliance with certain standards, but in the adaptation of an enterprise to changes in the economy of the world and the state.
 The factors that determine the sustainable development of industrial enterprises, the indicative definition of innovative activity in the regulatory economic literature in strategic and tactical terms, foreign and domestic experience in the framework of the concept of sustainable development of industrial enterprises have been studied and evaluated. The goals of conducting innovative processes at enterprises, the factors influencing the increase in innovative potential and the efficiency of enterprises are analyzed. Here, indicators are established that characterize the main provisions of the balanced scorecard system, the system of interaction between environments that ensure sustainable development, and the classification models of the principles of sustainable development of an enterprise.
Keywords: sustainable development, scientific and industrial interaction, innovations, socio-economic development, strategy, concept, factor, analysis, environment.


Wireless networking in cyber-physical systems (CPSs) is characteristically different from traditional wireless systems due to the harsh radio frequency environment and applications that impose high real-time and reliability constraints. One of the fundamental considerations for enabling CPS networks is the medium access control protocol. To this end, this paper proposes a novel priority-aware frequency domain polling medium access control (MAC) protocol, which takes advantage of an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) physical layer to achieve instantaneous priority-aware polling. Based on the polling result, the proposed work then optimizes the resource allocation of the OFDMA network to further improve the data reliability. Due to the non-polynomial-complete nature of the OFDMA resource allocation, we propose two heuristic rules, based on which an efficient solution algorithm to the OFDMA resource allocation problem is designed. Simulation results show that the reliability performance of CPS networks is significantly improved because of this work.


Quantitative determination of barium in Chinese porcelains from the seventeenth century to modern times together with some modern non-Chinese porcelains was made with the use of calibration curves obtained by the addition method. All Chinese porcelains from K'ang Hsi (Kangxi, 1662–1722) up to World War II were found to have a barium content between 100 ppm and 130 ppm. For those made after World War II, the barium content varies from 60 ppm to 7000 ppm, and only a few pieces are in the range from 100 ppm to 130 ppm, making it possible to identify most of the modern fake reproductions.


Abstract Adrenal glands are affected by a wide variety of tumors apart from infective and inflammatory lesions and their noninvasive characterization on imaging is important for the management of these patients. Incidentalomas form the major bulk of adrenal tumors and differentiation of benign adenomas from other malignant lesions, especially in patients with a known malignancy, guide further management. Imaging is an integral part of management along with clinical and biochemical features. The cornerstone of clinical and biochemical evaluation of adrenal tumors is to determine whether the lesion is functional or nonfunctional. Computed tomography (CT) is considered as the workhorse for imaging evaluation of adrenal lesions. CT densitometry and CT contrast washout characteristics are quite reliable in differentiating adenomas from malignant lesions. CT is also the modality of choice for the evaluation of resectability and staging of primary adrenal tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has superior contrast resolution compared to other morphological imaging modalities and is generally used as a problem-solving tool. MRI chemical shift imaging can also be used to reliably detect adrenal adenomas. Ultrasonography (USG) is used as a screening tool that is usually followed by either CT or MRI to better characterize the tumor and it is not routinely used for assessing the resectability, staging, and characterization of adrenal tumors. Another important role of USG is in image-guided sampling of tumors. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography and other nuclear medicine modalities are a valuable addition to morphological imaging modalities. Image-guided interventions also play an important role in obtaining tissue samples where diagnostic imaging is not able to characterize adrenal tumors. In the functioning of adrenal tumors, adrenal venous sampling is widely used to accurately lateralize the secreting tumor.


This study aims to examine the effect of the type of district/city government, total population, and area size on changes to district/city government budgets in Aceh in 2020 and 2021. The data used is secondary data from local government financial reports audited by the BPK RI (Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia), reports on changes to the budget obtained from BPKA (Badan Pengelola Keuangan Aceh), total population data from BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik), and area size data from the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registry of the Ministry of Home Affairs. The data analysis method used is the Multiple Linear Regression Test. The results showed that the area size and total population had a significant effect on budget changes, the type of district/city government did not affect changes to district/city government budgets in Aceh during the Covid-19, while the three independent variables simultaneously affected dependent variables. The Coefficient of Determination analysis result is 0.279, which means that the variable type of district/city government, total population, and area size can explain 27.9% of changes in district/city government budgets during the pandemic.


The Jurassic dinoflagellate cyst zonation for the British‐Danish area is revised and discussed in relation to palaeoenvironmental factors, in particular, eustatic changes and fluctuations in palaeotemperature. The stepwise evolution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages as defined by inceptions and apparent extinctions was largely controlled by sea-level change, particularly during intervals with significant short-term eustatic fluctuations. During times characterised by less pronounced, or longer term, sea-level change, fluctuations in oceanic palaeotemperatures appear to have influenced dinoflagellate evolution. Differences in the ranges of certain taxa between Denmark and the United Kingdom may be partly related to differences in palaeotemperature.


In order to enable humanoid robot's vision system to recognize out people's faces,this paper use BP neural network to form a method of face's orientation recognition,which is an experimental study of the discrimination of human face's orientation in images.This experiment uses MATLAB toolbox for the design of BP network to achieve the discrimination on the direction of face.The paper discusses the design of input and target vectors,the design BP neural network architecture and the settings of network parameters and training parameters and so on.The experimental results show that BP neural network can tell the directions which faces are toward to in a certain degree of accuracy.


Grey squirrel Sciurus carolinensis in Poland: science fiction or an actual threat? Grey squirrel was first introduced to Europe in the end of XIX century. Currently it is present in the British Islands and in Italy and everywhere its abundance and distribution range increase. Due to the interspecific competition and squirrel pox transmission, red squirrel, indigenous species, declines. In areas of high abundance of grey squirrel, serious economic damages to forests are also registered. Arrival of grey squirrel to the rest of Europe from Italy within a few decades seems unavoidable. The likelihood that the release of one pair of the species would establish a new population is higher than 50% and it means that an actual and real threat is now the risk of illegal voluntary or involuntary introduction of pet squirrels.


The thesis describes a design for how a tutoring system can enhance the educational capabilities of a conventional knowledge-based system. Our approach to intelligent tutoring has been conceived wi ...


*Corresponding Author: Prof. Omar Bashir Ahmed, Assistant Professor of Medical Microbiology, Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Omraa, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. 3729 DETECTION OF ENTEROTOXIGENICITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM COMMUNITY AND HOSPITAL FOOD HANDLERS IN MAKKAH, SAUDI ARABIA Omar B Ahmed1* and Anas S Dablool1&2 1Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Omraa, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. 2Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Umm Al Qura University, Alith, Saudi Arabia.


Obsidian is an amorphous mineraloid that forms when highly silicic viscous lava cools rapidly before a crystal structure can develop. The composition and structure of obsidian is highly dependent on the magma from which it formed and the kinetics governing its solidification. Overtime, obsidian devitrifies, becoming more atomically ordered The amorphous matrix is comprised mainly of SiO 2 (typically over 70%) and oxides of Al, Ti, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, and Mn. A host of other elements are also typically present in trace quantities Characterization of the composition of obsidian and its microlites provides information on its place of origin and the composition of its parent magma. Structural characterization of the amorphous matrix provides information on its degree of disorder and the uniformity of its short- and medium- range order. Obsidian is brittle and exhibits conchoidal fracture when struck with force Sharp, thin edges are achievable when shards are cleaved from bulk samples. For the same reason that obsidian was used for tool making by ancient civilizations, it can easily be prepared for analysis in the TEM. Millimeter-scale samples were created using flint knapping techniques and adhered to standard TEM grids with the distal edge in the center. The analyzed in this study was California, along the the and They Bulk red and


Aim:To investigate the relationship between telomerase activity and clinical pathologic factors of cervical cancer Methods: Telomerase activity in specimens from 36 patients with cervical cancer, 6 patients with chronic cervicitis, 8 adjacent normal tissues and 11 normals was measured quantitatively by the Telomerase-PCR-ELISA and qualitatively by TRAP- silver staining Results:Telomerase activity was detected in 9167%(33/36) cervical cancer and 4%(1/25) controls Mean telomerase activity in cervical cancer and in controls were (1580±0831) and (0038±0023), respectively, suggesting that the levels of telomerase activity in cervical cancer were significantly higher than that in controls(P001) Between patients with lymph node metastases and those without,a statistically quantitative difference in telomerase activity was detected (P005) Additionally, telomerase activity was increasing with the advancing of histologic grade in invasive cervical cancer However, no data revealed that telomerase activity had significant relationship with tumor size and clinical stageConclusion: The activation of telomerase may play an important role during cervical carcinogenesis and progression,and telomerase activity may be related to some clinical factors.


Ajibaldo(also known as Agibaldo, 阿只拔都/阿其拔都) was the most famous figure among several leaders of Waegu(Wakō, Japanese Pirates) who went ravening about the Korean peninsula from Japan in 14th century. Ajibaldo was a young Waegu leader who invaded Goryeo by going inland through Jinpo near the mouth of Geum River in 1380, but he was beaten in the Battle of Hwangsan by Lee Seonggye, the general of Goryeo and also the founder of Joseon Dynasty. The name Ajibaldo is not Japanese name, but a kind of nickname used by Goryeo Army. The name is a mixed word using Aji(Agi), meaning a 'baby' or a 'boy' in Korean, and Baldo(Batu, 拔都), meaning 'brave man' in Mongolian. His youthfulness, appearance, bravery were frequently mentioned throughout Joseon age. It is supposed that the name of Ajibaldo was based on the story of Dungguri, a type of the story of Agijangsu(meaning 'boy general') that have been passed down in Korea, in which boy general Dungguri who was born to have a sign of the throne died before he could realize his aspiration by meeting with government commander Lee Seonggye. There are reasons for connection between them; First, 'Ajibaldo' and 'Agijangsu' have the same meaning. Also, This tale have been passed at Unbong in Namwon, a location where Battle of Hwangsan broke out. The relation between this location and Lee Seonggye is hard to find except the battle of Hwangsan. It doesn't seem like coincidence that the general of enemy killed by Lee had a nickname meaning boy general in this place. Therefore it could be said that progress of how people of Goryeo remember the battle affected development of the story of Dungguri. In their progress of projecting the image of boy general on Ajibaldo, it was not the matter that he was a bad man indulging in pillage and a foreigner coming across the sea. And dissatisfactions with founding and governing of Joseon dynasty would be a background for forming and spreading this tale in the way that Lee Seonggye, the founder of Joseon dynasty, played the role of antagonist.


A recent case report of in-utero infection with Pasteurella multocida' stimulated a plea2 for a more detailed description of the causal organism. In reply, the original authors3 described the isolate as follows : growing on blood agar as small, gray, shining colonies, but not on MacConkey Agar; gramnegative cocco-bacilli ; indole produced, catalase and oxidase present ; nitrate reduced ; urease absent ; glucose and sucrose "characteristic of P. multocida " (presumably fermented) ; sorbitol fermented. The strain had been identified with the API system. This description is strikingly similar to that which could be applied to some Haemophilus spp., especially certain biotypes of H. injluenzae and H. parainj l ~ e n z a e . ~ The main discrepancy is in the growth on blood agar. However, many Haemophilus spp. will grow sufficiently on most blood-agar formulations for growth to be discernible. This is of considerable relevance, as it may not be widely appreciated that if Haemophilus spp. are unwittingly put into the API system, they can be misidentified as Pasteurella spp. We first became aware of this when a urinary isolate of H. injluenzae was misidentified as P. m~l toc ida .~ Because of these possibilities, a further three strains each of H. injluenzae and H. parainjluenzae (identified by their requirements for X and V factors) were tested in this laboratory in API 20E and 20NE identification strips (bioM6rieux UK Ltd, Basingstoke, Hants). The results, together with those from the previous strain r e p ~ r t e d , ~ are shown in the table. These indicate that there is a serious possibility that H. injluenzae or H. parainfluenzae may be misidentified as Pasteurella spp. (most likely as P. pneumotropica). In view of this, it would be reasonable to recommend that if an isolate is identified with the API system as P. pneurnotropica, P. multocida or P. haemolytica, especially if it comes from an unexpected source (e.g., without any history of animal contact), the strain should be tested for X and V dependency. Pasteurella spp. should grow well on the nutrient agar used for this test, whereas Haemophilus spp. grow only around the appropriate supplements.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a game machine controller which can increase the capacity of memory for storing therein a command program for carrying out commands in response to a manipulation of a predetermined button, and which can eliminate the necessity of rewriting the command program every time when a game software to be used in this device is exchanged for another one. SOLUTION: The game machine controller 10 can be mounted thereon with a memory pack having a nonvolatile memory. A plurality of commands effected by manipulation of predetermined buttons can be registered as a command program, and one registered data is held therein unless it is forcibly rewritten or erased. Further, the command program registered in the memory pack can be reproduced and executed by manipulating command buttons. Since the above- mentioned memory pack 30 is removable and can cope with each game software, after a command program is once registered, it is not necessary to reregister a command program every time when a game software to be used in the game machine is exchanged for another one.


Book synopsis: Citizens and Subjects is an essay on the nature and condition of democracy in Britain at the end of the twentieth century. It looks at the commonly held view that Britain is a model democracy, exposing it as a dangerous myth that inhibits both radical thought and actual constitutional change. The book looks at the tradition of political and constitutional thought in Britain and at contemporary political reality, revealing a wide gulf between the two.


The larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), known as fall armyworm, is the main insect pest of corn crop and its control is done with chemicals. An alternative is biological control, in particular, the egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). For the effective application of biological control, it is necessary to evaluate the complex of species/strains occurring in eggs of S. frugiperda. With this objective, samples of egg masses of S. frugiperda were taken in the corn crop in the 10th Distrito de Arroio Grande, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, where it was observed the first occurrence of Trichogramma rojasi Nagaraja & Nagarkatti, 1973 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizing eggs of S. frugiperda.. The occurrence of T. rojasi in eggs of S. frugiperda opens perspective so that this parasitoid can be studied in order to integrate biological control programs in corn in Rio Grande do Sul State.


Measurements of the initial magnetizing curve, the magnetizing remanence, the descending branch of the major hysteresis loop, and the demagnetizing remanence have been performed on a reentrant ferromagnet Fe0.65Ni0.23Cr0.12, at several temperatures in the vicinity of the postulated ferromagnetic-spin glass "reentrant transition." Henkel plots of the principal magnetizing and demagnetizing remanences show a systematic change in curvature with temperature, from a "high temperature" regime T⩾8 K where the curvature is predominantly magnetizing-like to a "low temperature" regime T⩽6 K where the curvature is purely demagnetizing-like. Numerical simulations based on a Preisach model which includes thermal fluctuations show that this behavior is consistent with a physical picture of coupled bistable subsystems with a temperature dependent distribution of interaction fields, which evolves with decreasing temperature from a regime dominated by long range ferromagnetic interactions to a regime in which the interact...


We have developed a series of cosmids that can be used as vectors for genomic recombinant DNA library preparations, as expression vectors in mammalian cells for both transient and stable transformations, and as shuttle vectors between bacteria and mammalian cells. These cosmids were constructed by inserting one of the SV2-derived selectable gene markers-SV2gpt, SV2-DHFR, and SV2-neo-in cosmid pJB8. High efficiency of genomic cloning was obtained with these cosmids and the size of the inserts was 30-42 kilobases. We isolated recombinant cosmids containing the human a-globin gene cluster from these genomic libraries. The simian virus 40 DNA in these selectable gene markers provides the origin of replication and enhancer sequences necessary for replication in permissive cells such as COS 7 cells and thereby allows transient expression of a globin genes in these cells. These cosmids and their recombinants could also be stably transformed into mammalian cells by using the respective selection systems. Both of the adult a-globin genes were more actively expressed than the embryonic C-globin genes in these transformed cell lines. Because of the presence of the cohesive ends of the Charon 4A phage in the cosmids, the transforming DNA sequences could readily be rescued from these stably transformed cells into bacteria by in vitro packaging of total cellular DNA. Thus, these cosmid vectors are potentially useful for direct isolation of structural genes. The common cloning vectors used to isolate DNA fragments from total genomic DNA are bacterial plasmids, bacteriophages, and cosmids (1). Cosmids are bacterial plasmids to which the cohesive ends of the bacteriophage have been attached to allow packaging with extracts of lysogenic bacteria (2). Up to 45 kilobases (kb) of DNA can be inserted into cosmid vectors. Cloning such large DNA fragments increases the likelihood of isolating an intact gene or gene family from the genomic DNA and thus of preserving any functional domain present in the genes and their flanking sequences. An efficient system for assaying the expression of cloned mammalian genes is DNA-mediated gene transfer into tissue culture cells (3-7). Gene expression can be studied by either transient (5-10) or stable (3, 4, 11-13) transformation of these cells. For transient transformation, viral enhancing sequences are often used to increase gene expression (14-18), while selectable gene markers are usually used to isolate stable transformants (11-13, 19-21). However, inserting eukaryotic genes into these expression vectors often necessitates trimming the flanking sequences, some of which may influence the expression of the gene(s) under study. If the selectable gene markers and viral enhancer sequences are incorporated into the cosmid vector prior to cloning, the recombinant cosmid containing the genes of interest can be isolated and used directly to transform mammalian cells without further manipulation (22). A major advantage of these cosmid systems, as we will report, is that they can also serve as shuffle vectors to rescue-the transforming DNA fragments from the transformed cell lines and reintroduce themin bacteria. The retrieval of such cloned sequences from total cellular DNA permits further definition of the functional units of eukaryotic genes. We report the construction of a series of cosmid vectors that can serve as (i) cloning vehicles for preparing genomic recombinant DNA libraries and gene isolation, (ii) expression vectors for both transient and stable transformation in tissue culture cells, and (iii) shuttle vectors between bacteria and mammalian cells. We used these vectors to isolate the human a-globin gene cluster, study aand {-globin gene expression, and rescue the human a-globin genes from the transformed cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cosmid pJB8 (23) and Escherichia coli ED8767 (K. Murray) were obtained from R. A. Flavell. All simian virus 40 (SV40)-derived selectable gene markers were obtained from P. Berg. COS 7 cells (24) were obtained from M. R. Botchan. Hypoxanthine/ guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-lacking (HGPRT-) Chinese hamster ovary cells (TGA) were obtained from M. Siciliano, and thymidine kinase-lacking (TK-) mouse L cells, from M. Bishop. Mbo I, Bgl II, and T4 DNA ligase were from New England BioLabs; BamHI, SI nuclease, and calf intestine alkaline phosphatase were from Boehringer Mannheim; BamHI and Bgl II linker sequences were from Collaborative Research (Waltham, MA). The antibiotic G418 was a gift from P. J. L. Daniels of Schering. High molecular weight DNA was purified from the peripheral blood of a normal adult as described (25). Construction of Expression Cosmid Vectors. Cosmid pJB8 was modified by insertion of gene markers derived from SV40 hybrid genes containing selectable markers of E. coli HGPRT (SV2-gpt) (19), mouse dihydrofolate reductase (SV2-DHFR) (20), and aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase II or the neomycinresistance gene (SV2-neo) (21). The segment containing the SV40 origin and the selectable gene markers was excised from plasmid pSV2 by digestion with BamHI (for SV2-gpt and SV2-neo) or BamHI/Pvu II (for SV2-DHFR) and isolated by glass bead extraction (26). The Pvu II site of the fragment from SV2-DHFR was converted to BamHI sites with synthetic BamHI linkers, and the segments were inserted into the Bal I site of pJB8, which had previously been converted to a Bgl II site. In the resultant new cosmids, both BamHI and Bgl II recognition sequences were abolished at the insertion sites. Abbreviations: kb, kilobase(s); SV40, simian virus 40; HGPRT, hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyltransferase; TK, thymidine kinase. 5225 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 5226 Biochemistry: Lau and Kan Construction of Human Cosmid Libraries. The general procedures for cosmid library construction have been described (23, 27). Briefly, human leukocyte DNA was partially digested with Mbo I and the 30to 45-kb fractions were collected after centrifugation in a 5-25% sucrose gradient. Vector DNA was completely digested with BamHI and the 5' end was dephosphorylated with calf alkaline phosphatase. Dephosphorylation was monitored by self-ligation and bacterial transformation (23). Mixtures of 0.2-0.4 jig of the 30to 45-kb insert DNA and 0.51 Ag of linearized cosmid DNA were prepared and the DNAs were ligated in 10 1.l with T4 DNA ligase; 1-2 /.d of ligated DNA was packaged with extracts prepared according to the procedure of Pirotta, as described (27). The packaged cosmids were diluted to 250 A.l with 10mM Tris HCl, pH 7.4/100 mM NaCl/ 10mM MgCl2/0.2% gelatin. They were used to transduce 250 Al. of E. coli ED8767, which had been grown overnight in L broth with 0.4% maltose and then suspended at double strength in 10 mM MgCl2. After 15 min at room temperature, 1 ml of L broth was added to each transduction mixture and these mixtures were incubated' for 30 min at 37TC. Fifty microliters of' transduced bacteria was plated on a 100-mm L plate containing ampicillin at 50 ,g/ml' (LA plates) to quantitate the number of transformants. The remaining cells were either plated directly onto nitrocellulose filter (HATF, Millipore) in a 150-mm LA plate or pooled and amplified in 10 vol of L broth/ampicillin. They were stored at -70°C in 7% dimethyl sulfoxide -or 10% glycerol, or as purified DNA. Cell Transformation and Analysis of a-Globin Gene Expression. Mammalian cells were transformed with DNA from the cosmids and their recombinants by the calcium phosphate precipitation method' (28). Transient expression of globin-containing cosmids in COS 7 cells was determined as described (17) using the transforming DNA at 25 ,g/ml.. Stable cell transformants were selected by using their respective selection systems (19-21). The transforming DNA at approximately 5 jig/ ml without carrier was added to 106 TGA or L cells in a 100mm dish for 16-20 hr. Stably transformed cell clones were isolated and grown up to mass cultures, and the number of copies of transforming sequenceswas estimated by Southern blot analysis (24). Poly(A)+ RNA was purified from both acutely transfected and stably transformed cells as described (29). The expression of the transformed genes was analyzed by RNA blotting (30) and nuclease S1 mapping (9, 31). Rescue and Analysis of Transforming DNA. Transforming sequences were recovered into bacteria by extracting total DNA from the transformed cell lines and in vitro packaging with extracts from lysogenic bacteria, as described above. a-Globin gene organization in the rescued cosmids was compared with that in. the original cosmid'by Southern analysis using nicked translated aor {-globin gene probes.


At a routine visit, the mother of a healthy five-year-old boy expresses concern about his weight. On examination, his body mass index is 19. What are your next steps?

To determine whether a child is obese, body mass index (BMI) is calculated as body weight (kg) divided by length or height (m2).


The evaluation of induced activity in a fusion system was made. The activity at the first wall and blanket structures are critical from the viewpoint of environmental safety and materials for low activation should be developed. The present status of development of candidate materials such as ferritic steels, vanadium alloys and SiC composites are viewed. Furthermore, isotope controlled materials and annihilation of radioactive nuclides are discussed.


In this article we brieey discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the language Java for scientiic computing. We concentrate on Java's type system, investigate its support for hierarchical and generic programming and then discuss the features of its oating-point arithmetic. Having found the weak points of the language we propose workarounds using Java itself as long as possible. Java distinguishes between primitive and reference types. Whereas this distinction seems to be very natural and helpful so the primitives which comprise all standard numerical data types have the usual value semantics and expression concept, and the reference semantics of the others allows to avoid pointers at alll it also causes some problems. For the reference types, i.e. arrays, classes and interfaces no operators are available or may be deened and expressions can only be built by method calls. Several variables may simultaneously denote the same object. This is certainly strange in a numerical setting, but not to avoid, since classes have to be used to introduce higher data types. On the other hand, the simple hierarchy of classes with the root Object clearly belongs to the advantages of the language. It is also used to introduce further concepts like exception handling, which thus is fully integrated in the object oriented avor of the language and as extendeble as all other classes. Multidimensional arrays in Java h a v e to be handled as arrays of arrays. This means that there is no guarantee that a matrix is allocated in contiguous space. Certainly most numerical algorithms will suuer from that fact. In a polymorphic environment it often is helpful to get information about the current speciic type of an object at runtime. This can be achieved by the method getClass which returns the type as a constant object of the class Class. In that class methods to get more information about the interface or name of the type are provided. Especially the lack of operator overloading is annoying. It can be overcome by a precompiler which maps the operator to method calls. Since methods may return arbitrary classes this precompiler only has to change the notation of each expression locally. So the correspondence between the original source and the generated Java program is quite obvious. Using such a precompiler we can also allow for the deenition of user deened operator names or symbols including the determination of its precedence.


On the basis of the extended gravity model of trade, it utilizes panel data from 14 countries (regions) which are the main destinations of Zhejiang exports from 2003 to 2010, and also makes use of Eviews5.0 to conduct the multi-variable linear regression analysis on the gravity model of trade. According to the analysis results, Zhejiang shows "saturated exports" to Europe, USA, Singapore and Hong Kong, which indicates that it is almost impossible to make improvement on the basis of the original export structure, while it shows "insufficient exports" to Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Russia and Australia, which indicates great potentials for development.


Molten metal flow and magnetic field of the permanent magnet stirring (PMS) were investigated by experimental study and numerical simulation, respectively. A laboratory experiment was first performed to study the effects of PMS on the flow velocity of the Sn-20%Pb hypereutectic alloy during solidification. The results showed that the center magnetic flux density and stirring frequency were the two key factors affecting the electromagnetically-driven convection of the molten alloy. The electromagnetic field analysis software Opera-3D was used to develop a materials-saving and highly effective final permanent magnet stirring (FPMS) apparatus comprising a reasonable magnetic field design. Based on the scalar potential formulation, the stationary magnetic fields of the PMS were calculated and the number, arrangement and size of the permanent magnets were optimized. Thereafter, a pair of arc NdFeB permanent magnets with optimally designed geometrical dimensions was developed for industrial use in the FPMS apparatus. Consequently, with the industrial application of the new equipment in continuous casting, an improvement of the macrosegregation and other macro-defects of the rectangular billet were obtained.


The book is a simple-to-understand low-priced Chemistry text with many worked out examples in topics which students have the most problems. It is intended to serve as a guide to the teaching of Chemistry on the one hand, and for the student's own understanding of the principles in the areas they feel deficient. The material is presented in very simple English, and several worked out calculations in problematic areas have been included.  In addition, the presentation is like the teacher is talking to the student and consequently, the student should be at ease in understanding the Chemistry concepts and the examples given should bring them closer to liking the subject.


Surgical resection is the gold standard for an aggressive variant of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) which causes permanent disfigurement, especially in young individuals. Therefore, the conservative line of treatment should be tried first. Jacoway and colleagues proposed that the intralesional administration of corticosteroids acts on the giant cells that have osteoclasts receptors present on their surface and thus, corticosteroids induce apoptosis, causing remission of the lesion. An 11-year girl reported non-tender bony swelling in the left mandibular region for 3 months. CBCT revealed a large lytic lesion from teeth 33 to 37 measuring about 4 cm × 4 cm approximately. A biopsy was done, which diagnosed the lesion as central giant cell granuloma. 10 mg/ml of triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection per cm of the lesion was injected. The protocol of initially giving intralesional corticosteroid injections can be used as a first treatment option for the management of CGCG rather than going for an initial aggressive surgical approach.


This paper established a comprehensive model of Delphi-AHP-DEA-FCE to evaluate competitiveness of sports tourism destinations. Research shows that, this model effectively constructed an indicator system for the competitiveness of sports tourism destination, and weights for all indicators were obtained by analysis. Second, the comprehensive model translated fuzzy evaluation into numerical values, which helps achieve a quantitative evaluation system. Lastly, overall evaluation and ranking were achieved by combining the quantitative evaluation and weights. The comprehensive model of Delphi-AHP-DEA-FCE has a great advance in the evaluation of sports tourism destination, and it is hoped that the model can be widely applied in multiple indicator evaluations.


Perfect number problem is an important problem in number theory.Many important conclusions in relation to even perfect number research have been drawn.Proposition given by reference 8 doesn't give analysis about conclusions when(y=11 and 13).In this paper,two conclusions of even perfect number n: the result of x when n≡x(mody)(y=11 and 13) are given and proved.


SYNOPSIS A lipogenic toxin produced by the amoeba Hartmannella rhysodes, Fernald strain, made mammalian cells in culture round up and fill with fat droplets. From this toxin an enzyme was obtained with lecithinase and lysolecithinase activities. This enzyme is different from any isolated elsewhere. When purified enzyme was added to strain L mouse fibroblasts in culture, the cells rounded up and became fatty. Much of the lipogenic activity of the original toxin can be ascribed to this enzyme.


The multiprofessional teamwork and one of the main characteristics of health work. The multiprofessional team of healths as an alternative to carry out the integral health care and the process multiprofessional and built inside these teams. In this direction the multiprofessional health residence constitutes as a space for the of the development actions of educacion to remain in health being a potential device for the promocion of the changes intended by the health professionals in order to consolidate the SUS principles. The purpose of this dissertations is to analyze the perception of the residence preceptors about the interdisciplinary process in the multiprofessional residence of neurology and neurosurgeryof the Hospital Geral Fortaleza, Ceara. It is a descripitive exploratory and analytical study with qualitative and quantitative approach. In the first stage, the 34 participants underwent a semi structured interview and answered a sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire. Subsequently the preceptors were asked to answer an interdisciplinarity evolution questionare, the readiness for interprofessional learning scale (RIPLS). Af the collection of the interview material the date were transcribed and a floating reading was carried out, that is the in depth reading of each of the reports to dominate other whole of the same testimony. The descriptive sytatistical analysis as means, standard deviation and frequencies for RIPLS was perfered with the help of SPSS (Vol 21). The preceptors studied presented the following profile, meanage 43.7± 9.65 years, being 94.1% females. The average time of performance in the preceptory was of 3 years and 58.8% of the preceptors had training course for preceptorea. Twenty-three preceptors (67.6%) had specialist qualifications, 9 masters degree (26.5%)and 01 with doctorate (2.9%).Among the three dimensions of the RIPLS the interviewees totally agreed with what recommended in the teamwork and patient -centered collaboration and attention dimension with 66.7% and 61.8% respectively ,demonstrating the importance denoted to inter and multiprofessionality this group in turn the professional identity facto obtained higer concentration in the options.I totally disagree (38.2%) and I disagree (41.2%) is in alert zone should this fragility propablydue to the fact that the residence multidisciplinary neurology and neurosurgery be a formative process stile in consolidation. Among the three dimensions of RIPLS patient-centered attention and teamwork and collaboration present hight levels different from the professional identity dimension wich had a low to moderate index. Considering the speeches of the preceptor it was possible identify after the content analysis three thematic classes preceptor and his professional practice positive and negatives aspects of interdisciplinary, and teamwork process in the multidisciplinary residence. The role of the preceptor in the teaching process learning his interaction with the various areas in the construction of professional practice and the need to constructor the identity of redemption emerges as situations experiences by residents. It was clear that holistic treatment is the main benefit found in the residence and as a hindrance this the lack of communication between residents and other works in the hospital. Howewer, the intersection between the various professions is crucial for the effectiveness of residence and multiprofessional visits and the main activity developed by the teams. It is necessary the involvement of all those who are part of the hospital for the accomplishement of the multiprofessional residence of neurology and neurosurgery indispensable for the improvement of the program.


With the amount of connected objects constantly on the rise, both in our daily life and in high-technology applications, it becomes critical to deal with their associated increase in energy consumption [...].


The present work was designed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-Candida activity of pogostone (PO), a natural product isolated from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. PO showed potent in vitro activity against clinical Candida spp. isolates tested in this study. PO and the reference drug voriconazole (VRC) were equally effective against all the fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains, with MIC ranging from 3.1 g/ml to 50 g/ml. Besides, PO was fungicidal against all Candida isolates with MFC ranging from 50 g/ml to 400 g/ml. By contrast, VRC was fungistatic as it failed to elicit a fungicidal effect against the Candida spp. isolates at the highest tested concentration (400 g/ml). Furthermore, oral and topical PO administration effectively reduced the fungal load in vagina of vulvovaginal candidiasis mouse models. Topical PO administration (1.0–4.0 mg/kg) demonstrated higher activity against the vulvovaginal candidiasis than VRC (4.0 mg/kg). The pharmacokinetics and safety profile of PO were also investigated. The pharmacokinetics assay revealed that PO was easily absorbed after oral administration in mice, which might account for its in vivo anti-Candida effect. The acute toxicity test showed that the median lethal dose of PO in mice was 355 mg/kg, which was much higher than the daily dose used for the therapeutic experiments. This study demonstrated the potential of PO as a promising candidate for the treatment of Candida infections, particularly for vulvovaginal candidiasis.


This research was conducted to determine the effects of five different budding dates and six budding me thods on graft success and plant growth in black mulbe rry sapling production. The experiment was carried out in Bolu, Turkey, between 2014 and 2015. The blac k mulberry (Morus nigra L.) was grafted on twoyear old white mulberry ( Morus alba L.) seedling rootstocks in the nursery conditions. The highest bud take (88.33% and 85.0%, respectively to years) and sprouting rate (85.0% and 71.67%, respectively to years) were obtained with chip budding by hand perfo rmed on May 1 in both years. The highest mean shoot length (41.33 cm and 39.68 cm, respectively to year s) nd diameter (6.26 mm in both years) were obtain ed with inverted T-budding performed on April 15, 2014 a nd 2015. Among all parameters the best type of buddings was chip budding by hand, followed by T and inverted T-budding. The lowest results in all parameters were obtained with patch budding and chip bu dding by tool. Budding date on May 1 was the most appropriate and the results obtained were the highes t in all parameters.


AIM: To explore the clinical efficacy of escitalopram combined with low dose of aripiprazole in the treatment of depression with somatic symptoms. METHODS: Eighty patients suffering from depression with somatic symptoms were randomly divided into study group(n=41) and control group(n=39),who received either escitalopram combined with low dose of aripiprazole or escitalopram only,respectively.The clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS),Clinical Global Impression(CGI),Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS) and Dysfunctional Attitudes Scales(DAS) at the point of baseline and the 1st,2nd,4th and 8th weekend.Meanwhile,the medication compliance and symptom recrudescence rate of two groups were also assessed in 3 months.RESULTS:Scores of HAMD,SDS and CGI decreased in both groups,but more significantly and quickly in study group.There was no difference between two groups in TESS.Patients in study group had better compliance,fewer symptom recrudescence rate and lower scores in DAS in 3 months,compared with control group.CONCLUSION: Escitalopram combined with low dose of aripiprazole works better in the treatment of depression with somatic symptoms than using escitalopram only.


The expands of endowment insurance is the center link of endowment insurance's sustainable development ,and endowment insurance expands involves to links with policy output,execution and feedback,in the process of endowment insurance expands may find the problem,carries on the revision and the adjustment to the original policy,the realization to the policy optimization.


Columnar cell variant (CCV) is a rare papillary thyroid carcinoma subtype. The majority of CCV occur in older patients and are large, invasive tumours that pursue an aggressive clinical course. Rare well‐circumscribed CCV occur in younger female patients and are comparatively indolent.


Abstract This paper describes a low sensitive position control system driven by a two phase servo motor. The system is designed and constructed practically. The responses of the system are simulated on basis of the approximated torque-speed characteristics of the motor. Furthermore, the position control system with a proportional controller is also constructed. The responses of both systems are measured and compared. As a result, it is experimentally confirmed that the low sensitive position control system has low sensitivity for the load inertia of about thirty five times as large as that of motor itself.


This study was designed to compare formulations of different insecticides applied in-furrow for control of early-season insects in cotton and their effect on plant growth The soil type in this experiment was Houston clay. Cotton was treated with standard fungicides, planted with a John Deere flex-71 planter, and insecticides were applied through John Deere insecticide boxes which were ground driven. Planting was made in low beds, 3 to 3.5 inches high, on 22 Apr. Plants emerged to stand by 2 May. The experimental design was a randomized complete block of 4 row, 40 ft plots, with 4 replications. The soil condition stayed wet and cold until 1 Jun. Poor cotton growing conditions characterized the spring growing period. Thrips, adults and larvae, were collected by beating 25 randomly selected plants over hardware cloth on 11, 18, 25, and 31 May. Aphids were counted 18 and 25 May. Plant-feeding bugs were collected on 7 Jun with a D-vac machine, sampling 40 row ft/plot. On 7 Jun, 10 consecutive plants in a row were collected, leaves were removed and weighed, and the number of squares were counted. Plants were about 30 days old. Previous data showed a good correlation between leaf weight and leaf area when measured with an area meter. Yields were estimated by harvesting the center 2 rows with a brush stripper on 31 Aug, 131 d after planting.


experts and students alike will find aggravating. The editors were perhaps too ambitious to please these two very different audiences in a single volume. General linguists will find a good deal of basic description and data here, but I think they will hardly be impressed by the strength of the analysis. Despite these shortfallings, this book is an accurate reflection of the state of contemporary Welsh linguistics, which is in its infancy really. Only with the continued publication of works like this can the field ever pass out of its pioneering phase and mature in depth and tone. The appearance of this volume is a good sign, as is the publication in recent years of working papers by the Language Research Unit and the Folk Museum in Cardiff. This book shows Welsh studies to have its strongest hand in description, but needing some catching up in theory. Such a situation is a tell-tale sign of a discipline in its initial stages. Ball and Jones have taken a major step in developing that discipline and the result is a must for any Welsh linguist to have, and will be of no small worth for the general linguist as the field grows. References


Subject of the article is legal status of own share in general and in law of Republic of Serbia in particular. Author ascertains that own share retains all characteristics of share and than analyzes in detail rights and obligations attached thereto. Conclusion is made that these rights and obligations, as a rule, stand still, but they activate when share is transferred to third party. Analyze underlines downfalls of regulations of own share in Company Act of Republic of Serbia, as well.


Background Oral diseases, particularly dental caries, remain one of the most common chronic health problems for adolescents, and are a major public health concern. Public dental services in New South Wales, Australia offer free clinical care and preventive advice to all adolescents under 18 years of age, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. This care is provided by dental therapists and oral health therapists (therapists). It is incumbent upon clinical directors (CDs) and health service managers (HSMs) to ensure that the appropriate clinical preventive care is offered by clinicians to all their patients. The aims of this study were to 1) explore CDs' and HSMs' perceptions of the factors that could support the delivery of preventive care to adolescents, and to 2) record the strategies they have utilized to help therapists provide preventive care to adolescents. Subjects and methods In-depth, semistructured interviews were undertaken with 19 CDs and HSMs from across NSW local health districts. A framework matrix was used to systematically code data and enable key themes to be identified for analysis. Results The 19 CDs and HSMs reported that fiscal accountability and meeting performance targets impacted on the levels and types of preventive care provided by therapists. Participants suggested that professional clinical structures for continuous quality improvement should be implemented and monitored, and that an adequate workforce mix and more resources for preventive dental care activities would enhance therapists' ability to provide appropriate levels of preventive care. CDs and HSMs stated that capitalizing on the strengths of visiting pediatric dental specialists and working with local health district clinical leaders would be a practical way to improve models of preventive oral health care for adolescents. Conclusion The main issue raised in this study is that preventive dentistry per se lacks strong support from the central funding agency, and that increasing prevention activities is not a simple task of changing regulations or increasing professional education.


Pseudothurmanniid ammonites within Upper Hauterivian calcareous deposits are present in quarries on Polomec Hill near the village of Lietavska Lucka, Slovakia. These deposits belong to the Mraznica Formation of the Križna Nappe that is a part of the Fatricum Unit in the Central Western Carpathians. Nine ammonite species are described in detail, one of which, Binelliceras michaliki , is new. The species identified indicate the Upper Hauterivian Balearis and Ohmi ammonite zones. The zone of the uppermost Hauterivian, Catulloi Zone, is not documented as far as pseudothurmanniid ammonites are concerned. The lack of developmentally younger representatives of the pseudothurmanniid ammonites neither in the studied locality, nor in other Slovak localities, is explained by marked changes in the northern Tethyan margin in Europe during the latest Hauterivian.


A thorough investigation on the twin paradox,which is important for understanding the basic concepts and principle of the relativity theory,is given in this paper.First,a calculation of the difference of ages between a pair of twins is performed using a Lorentz transformation.The key point in this calculation is the recognizing of an abrupt time increment of the rest one observed by the traveler.Then an argument for the twin paradox is developed using a geometry method where by using the Minkowsian space-time diagram an important conclusion is embodied,i.e.the time-like geodesic is the longest of the time-like curves.Finally,the physical mechanism of the twin paradox is analyzed.The symmetry between the twins is broken by the fact that the traveler undergoes some acceleration processes and his acceleration magnitude and periods determines his time dilation,which complements the argument for the reason why the rest one has an abrupt increment mentioned above.The results show that the twin paradox is not a paradox but an absolute effect in fact.


Researchers in England have created tough, flexible thin films of pure carbon by depositing carbon nanoparticles onto a substrate at high velocity. The hardness and elasticity of the films suggest that a "qualitatively new form of carbon thin film is obtained," according to the group [ Nature , 383 , 321 (1996)]. The work was carried out by a team of electrical engineers and materials scientists at the University of Liverpool, led by electrical engineering professor Gehan Amaratunga, in collaboration with industrial partner Multi-Arc Inc., Rockaway, N.J. The 500-nm-thick films consist of fragments of carbon nanotubes and carbon "onions" linked together by strong diamond-like tetrahedral sp 3 bonds. Carbon nanotubes are nanometer-wide needlelike cylindrical tubes of concentric graphitic carbon capped by fullerene-like hemispheres, whereas carbon onions are spherical particles consisting of concentric shells of graphitic carbon. "The matrix between the graphitic nanoparticles seems to be tetrahedral amorpho...


Introduction: o fully understand the benefits of environmental regulations it is important to quantitate the impact of atmospheric pollutions on economic growth, regional development and society. This work concentrate mainly onthe relations betweenair pollution andsociety in the context ofaveragehousehold income and expenditures.Material and methods:Thestudy examines the causal relationships between expenditures on health, sport, and tourism, household incomes and air pollution across selected polish voivodships in years 20042019.A notable feature of this study is that it uses annual data disaggregated into quarterly data to obtain robust empirical results through avoiding a sample size problem.The study applies the vector error correction model (VECM) to analyze the long-term and short-term relationship between six variables, where PM2.5(particulate matters) andCO (carbon monoxide) represents atmospheric pollution andhousehold budget is represented by disposable income and expenditures on health, sport, and tourism.Results:Pollution cause direct and indirect pressure on economy, as well as on individual household budget. First, the empirical results shows that air pollution directly affects health, especially when the concentration of harmful dusts and aerosols in the air is high.Second, the air pollution influence the expenses on health indirectly, through the state of health, where the individuals are forced to make expenses to treat the disease caused by air pollution, or for the prevention of potential diseases caused by air pollution.Third, the air pollution also cause the pressure on sport expenses and tourism expenses of household. Conclusion:Atmospheric pollution can impact economic outcomes, as well the atmospheric pollution can be driven by economic activity on different levels of aggregation.Air quality is also an important factor for making decisions about leisure and recreation. Sport activity, as a way of spending free time, has positive effect on health. Physical activity alsoinfluencethe reduction of health expenditure in long term, butalso has a potential to increase the expenditures on sport and recreation.


Historically, state government has regulated certain aspects of the marital relationship in order to further its interest in maintaining a stable and well-functioning society


[6 ] M. Hirsch, W. J . Sanders, R. L. Popp, and P. C. Harrison, "Computer Processing of Ultrasonic Data from the Cardiovascular System," Compt. and Biomed. Res. , 6:336-346, 1973. [ l ] S. E. Wixson. L. R. Smith, and J . A. Mantle. "Computer Acquisition and Processing of Left Ventricular Echocardiograms," in Ultrasound in Medicine, Academic Press, 1:363-371, 1975. (81 H . F. Greenleaf, F. A. Duck, W. F. Samayoe, and S. A. Johnson, "Ultrasonic Data Acquisition and Processing System for Atherosclerotic Tissue Characterization," I974 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, IEEE cat. #74 CH0 896-1SU:738-743, November 1974. [9] J . M. Griffith and W. L. Henry, "Video Scanner-Analog Computer


The dynamics of forest ecosystems depend on interactions between a number of biogeochemical cycles (i.e. carbon, nutrient, and hydrological cycles) that could be modified by human actions. Conversely, these ecosystems are important components that create sources and sinks of important greenhouse gasses, e.g. carbon dioxide, methane etc. Especially, carbon is exchanged naturally through photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion processes. Continuous increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) has led to extensive research describing impacts of elevated [CO2] on basic physiological processes and consequent changes of biomass production on the whole plant level. In this paper we present several results obtained predominantly with Norway spruce trees. Moreover, we bring a few practical recommendations for the forest management under the impact of elevated [CO2].


Cancer is a collection of abnormal cells formed by cells that grow continuously, not limited, not coordinated with surrounding tissues, and not physiological functioning (Price & Wilson, 2005 in Nurhidayah, Hendrawati, Mediani, & Adistie, 2016). The case of cancer in children amounted to 4.7% of cancer at all ages. Indonesia is a country with high cancer cases suffered by children. Parents can make preventive efforts by identifying cancer-causing risk factors. Cancer prevention needs to be done to suppress the amount of morbidity and mortality of cancer. Efforts undertaken to prevent cancer by avoiding the risk factors of cancer-triggers. Preliminary study obtained parents ' knowledge about the risk factor of cancer is quite good, but there is no explanation about its relationship with the cancer prevention attitude that parents do to the child. This research aims to determine the relationship between parents ' knowledge and the prevention of cancer in children. The design of this research uses a descriptive cross sectional to figure out the knowledge level of parents on cancer risk factors in children, and its relation to the attitude of cancer prevention in children. The analysis used is using the Chi square test. The results of the univariate study obtained the most level of knowledge of respondents was good, and attitudes towards the prevention of cancer was positive. Results of bivariate analysis obtained there are no relationship between parental knowledge with cancer prevention (pvalue: 0.396; p > 0.05). The recommendation of this research is to keep parents improving their knowledge of cancer in children and applying cancer prevention efforts in daily life.


Mutation (F80A) on CDK2 kinase allows the selective use of an ATP analogue-N^6-(2-phenylethyl) ATP (PE-ATP), which exhibits high affinity for the altered CDK2. Using modified CDK2 and its ATP analogue enables the detection of novel CDK2 substrates in cells. Modified CDK2 (F80A)-myc was cloned into pCMV vector, and transfected into HeLa cells by polyfect transfection reagent. The cells expressing mutant CDK2 were selected by the ability of resistance to G418. The stably transfected cell line was identified by immunoblotting. Four out of the six mutants showed CDK2 (F80A)-myc expression, and two of them got a higher expression level. The higher CDK2 (F80A)-myc expressing cell lines can be used for screening CDK2 substrates in cells.


"If we should watch a city coming into being in speech," I said, "would we also see its justice coming into being, and its injustice?" "Probably," he said. "When this has been done, can we hope to see what we're looking for more easily?" "Far more easily." "Is it resolved that we must try to carry this out? I suppose it's no small job, so consider it." Plato, Republic1 The "White Problem" is under consideration here: the problem of those children of history who created the situation of racism and therefore bear responsibility for it. Joel Kavel White Racism: A Psychohistory2 Shame is directly about the self. In guilt, however, it is not the self but the act that is the central focus of negative evaluation.3 Discourse about race and racism in the United States includes a concept of white guilt but no concept of white shame. This reveals much about white moral psychologies and problems of race in America.4 In this essay I argue that whiteness operates with an impoverished concept of responsibility that overemphasizes guilt and underemphasizes moral shame.5 In contrast, I argue for a concept of responsibiUty that values both guilt and shame. I explore some of the impUcations of my analysis for race relations in America. I would like it to be clear from the start that I am not asking white people to feel more shame. Moral shame, in itself, is not especially praiseworthy. However shame can motivate us to try to reconnect, to work for forgiveness and reconciliation. It can arouse justified anger, which works to correct injustices, or to see them corrected. Appropriate moral shame, and a desire to avoid this negative emotion, can therefore motivate us in valuable ways. Typically, it is this motivation and the action it produces that are valuable, not the emotion itself. In other words, we need not waUow in moral shame. But of course shame, even moral shame, can have bad results. It can drive us apart. It can lead to dissociation. It can engender vicious anger. It can evoke narcissistic rage. AU of this is more likely for people with poorly integrated psychologies. I do think that better integrated moral psychologies could lead to better integrated communities, and conversely. But my primary aim in this paper is to advance our understanding of aspects of mainstream white moral psychology, the preoccupation with guUt, and how this bears on race relations in America. Political Philosophy and Moral Psychology Tommie Shelby argues that philosophical analyses of racism should focus on the political reality. For Shelby, ideology - not individual morality - should be primary in our thinking about racism.6 Lawrence Blum disagrees. According to Blum, in order to preserve the strong condemnatory force of "racism" we must consider it primarily as a matter of individual immoraUty. Blum defines "racism" as personal antipathy toward people who are perceived to be of other "races." He worries that if we insist on using the term more broadly to refer to an ideology, then "racism" may devolve into amorally neutral concept of poUtical discourse and lose its meaning as a form of personal immorality.7 Both of these current approaches are flawed. Shelby's view leaves no room for emotion. He conceives of ideology in exclusively cognitive terms, as distortion of belief. As such, his conception of racism is insensitive to moral psychology. The deficiency in Blum's view is twofold: he makes no room for ideology in his account of racism and he restricts his account of the role of emotions to the moral psychologies of individual racists - personal antipathy. I explore how ideology and moral psychologies are co-constitutive, and how certain aspects of whiteness are the result. My focus is not on racism per se, but on aspects of whiteness that reinforce and perpetuate the unsatisfactory state of race in America. I argue that American liberalism and individuaUsm (ideology) form and are formed by moral psychologies that overemphasize guilt, and thus conceive of the responsibility of white people exclusively in terms of their voluntary acts. …


Paul Keating and John Howard, as Australian Prime Ministers, were architects of some of the most profound changes in the Australian polity of the last thirty years. This article engages with recent accounts of their terms of office which have insisted that the continuities between these two very different Prime Ministers are far more significant than their differences, one even going so far as to claim that they contributed to a single "Australian project†. This paper insists that such a view misses what is most significant in any comparative perspective on Howard and Keating – their "constitutive politics†- and therefore misses what is essential to their immense impact on Australia. It also misses how each, via their "constitutive politics†, contested Australia's relationship to the United Kingdom in the most fundamental terms.


The setting up and application of the simulation model for air-conditioner sets are described.The effect of the heat exchanger parameters on the refrigeration capacity is mainly discussed.


The design of thin films for optical purposes has benefited enormously from the microcomputer but is still a combination of skill, experience and computing. In the future, aspects of the design operation are likely to be integrated into the coating operation itself.


A new type of bearingless slice motor is investigated. The rotor is actively controlled only in two radial directions, where the other three directions are passively stable owing to a slice shaped rotor structure. The function principle and the structure design of the motor are analyzed. There is no coupling between the magnetic levitation forces and motor torque in case of the pole-pair number of the motor≥3, so that the controller of magnetic levitation is independent of the motor torque. A new technique of winding is proposed, which is convenient to wind the coil. The electric control system including PID controller and PWM switch power amplifier is developed. An inner rotor type slice motor is designed and fabricated. Experiment result shows that the slice shaped rotor is stably supported by one radial magnetic bearing integrated together with the motor, and reaches the maximum rotation speed up to 3300r/min. The vibration amplitude of the rotor20μm.


The demand for professional graduates, particularly in mining disciplines, is extremely high, but enrolment in academic programs in institutions involved in the mineral industries has dropped, and has definitely not kept pace with the demand. This paper explains the need for growth of the technical staff in the mineral industry.


Stability properties of the cyclotron maser instability in a relativistic annular electron beam propagating through a cylindrical waveguide loaded with a sheath helix are investigated, in connection with application to the gyrotron amplifier. The stability analysis is carried out, assuming that the beam is thin and tenuous. A closed form of the dispersion relation for the cyclotron maser instability is obtained, including the influence of the sheath helix on stability behavior. One of the most important features in this analysis is that the bandwidth of the gyrotron amplifier for a helix mode is very broad. Moreover, it is also shown that for an appropriate choice of the helix radius and pitch angle, the maximum gain of the gyrotron amplifier for a hybrid wave is twice that for an ordinary waveguide.


The damage characteristics of ceramic tableware under multiple dropping impacts were investigated and the theoretical model was established.The relation between damage acceleration and dropping times of ceramic tableware was studied with multiple dropping tests.The damage characterization formulation was established based on ideal elastic-plastic model.The results showed that the maximal endurance acceleration of ceramic tableware has close relation with dropping times and the damage characterization is of accumulation character;the established model can describe this characteristic effectively.The purpose was to provide reference for protection of ceramic tableware in logistics and selling,and for strength improvement of product.


Scalable methods for mining, indexing, and similarity search in graphs and other complex structures, such as trees, lattices, and networks, have become increasingly important in data mining and database management. This is because a large set of emerging applications need to handle new kinds of objects with complex structures, such as trees (e.g., XML data), graphs (e.g., Web, chemical structures and biological graphs) and networks (e.g., social and biological networks). Such complicated data structures pose many new challenging research problems related to data mining, data management, and similarity search that do not exist in the traditional database and data mining studies.


The exceptional British role within the European Union has been subject of numerous academic studies. So far, researchers have identified structural or cultural matters to be responsible for the emergence and maintenance of the British outsider role.
In 2012, Roderick Parkes suggested to view the issue from a different perspective. He claimed that analysing the matter from a group dynamics perspective could enrich the hitherto existing research. Thereby he referred to Norbert Elias' and John Scotson's study on a local residential community of old-established and newcomers in England in the 1950s and '60s. In this local community newcomers were excluded from village life simply for the reason that they were new to the residential area.
This dissertation examines to what extent Elias' and Scotson's conception of "The Established and the Outsiders" (1965) is applicable to European group dynamics and can therefore explain the emergence and maintenance of the British outsider status regarding the EU.


This thesis consists of four independent papers. They deal with some aspects of industrial policy, namely public supports to firms that are intended to support innovation and growth at the firm lev ...


A sensor for sensing bioacoustic energy includes a housing comprising an interfacing portion configured to establish coupling with a body part during use. The sensor includes a transducer element coupled to the interfacing portion of the housing and configured to sense sounds produced by matter of biological origin. One or more conductors are coupled to the transducer element. A mass element is compliantly coupled to a surface of the transducer element. Intervening material is disposed between the transducer element surface and the mass element, and allows for differential motion between the transducer element surface and the mass element during excitation of the transducer element.


Quantitative analysis of sialic acid, L-fucose, elastase and albumin in the post-nasal drip of patients with chronic sinusitis was performed. Sixty-five cases of postnasal drip were collected from patients with chronic sinusitis, aged 16-88 years old. The patients were classified into two groups: i. e. nonallergic group (n=58, without allergic rhinitis) , and allergic rhinitis group (n=7, with allergic rhinitis). Additionally four cases of postnasal drip obtained from patients with acute sinusitis were examined. The mean concentration of sialic acid in the post-nasal drip from allergic rhinitis group (625-1850ug/ ml) was significantly lower than that of acute sinsitis group (85-7094pg/ml) . However, there was no significant difference in the mean concentration of sialic acid in the postnasal drip between acute sinusitis and nonallergic group (85-7094pg/ml). The mean concentration of L-fucose in the postnasal drip showed no significant differences in the groups of acute sinusitis (359-567ug/ml) ,nonallergic group (3333312ug/ml) and allergic group (166-2842ug/ml). The concentration ratios of sialic acid to fucose (S/ F) in the postnasal drip either nonallergic or allergic group were significantly lower than that of acute sinusitis. The activity of elastase in the postnasal drip from nonallergic group was significantly lower than that of acute sinusitis. The mean concentration of albumin in the postnasal drip in three groups showed statistically no significant difference. In 8 cases with nonallergic group and in 4 cases with allergic group the analysis of the S/F ratio was performed before and after the administration of antibiotics. In five cases with nonallergic group of which the treatment were effective, the S/F ratio was lowerd significantly after the drug administration. These findings suggest that the S/F ratio may be an impotant index for understanding the condition of chronic sinusitis.


In the process of regional economic development,regional policy in order to promote the regional coordinated development is playing the indispensable role.To solve the conflict produced in regional economic development,the main content of the regional policy coordination is position coordination,interest coordination and the policy laws and regulations coordination.Based on the understanding of the connotation of region economy coordinated development,the paper constructs the policy coordination mechanism to realize the coordinated development of regional economic goals,environment goals and equilibrium goals.And directing on the present problems in the construction of laws and regulations,the regional economic governance institutions setting,the positioning of the main features of the region,the design of assessment indicators of the local government,and the tools of policy coordination,the paper provides some suggestion on improving the legal system of coordinated regional development,establishing the specialized regional development and management of institutions,defining function position of the different regions,carrying out the various forms of support policies,and establishing a standardized local performance evaluation system.