Vanadium based glasses (vanadate glasses) with a sealing temperature of around 400 °C are now being applied in electronics devices, such as in crystal oscillators and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) as an alternative sealant to the toxic low-melting point glasses containing lead and fluorine . We have developed an Ag 2 O-V 2 O 5 -TeO 2 glass with a sealing temperature of 200- 300 °C. However, the structure of the Ag 2 O-V 2 O 5 -TeO 2 glass is still unknown and hence it is necessary to reveal the relationship between the atomistic structure and the property of the vanadate glass. In this study, we performed high-energy X-ray and neutron diffraction, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) [1] measurements on an Ag 2 O-V 2 O 5 -TeO 2 glass to obtain sufficient element specific structural information on constituent atoms. To uncover the glass structure in detail, we constructed a three-dimensional atomistic structure model for Ag 2 O-V 2 O 5 -TeO 2 glass by employing the reverse Monte Carlo [2] technique based on X-ray/neutron diffraction, EXAFS and AXS data. Furthermore, topological analyses were applied to the three-dimensional glass structure model to extract topologies related to the low-melting property.


In this paper we present an improved version of the Electrothermal Monte Carlo method. This modification has better approximation properties due to reduced statistical fluctuations. Simulation results in 2D structures are presented.


This paper discusses the significances and problems of bilingual teaching in cell biology course.Meanwhile,it points out the solutions such as emphasis on the preparation and organization of class,improvement of the quality of the teachers who are engaged in bilingual teaching.Thus,this paper gives the theoretic basis for bilingual teaching in cell biology course.


This paper,from the perspective of body and fairness, interprets ancient Olympic culture.Ancient Greeks frenzied about physical strength because of survival,which directed them to body confrontation in the ceremony of worship of God Zeus.In the meanwhile,on the basis of "the same body" for everybody, such a confrontation shows fairness in body,gender,identity as well as system.Such a fair competition system,reasonable competition arrangement and divine competition ceremony gave ancient Greeks the most freedom to achieve their ideal competition mode.In return the competition mode promoted them to build their ideal state country in reality to some extent.


The character and the special application of comprehensive caterpillar welding vehicle were introduce,and the design scheme of its hydraulic control system and electroniccontrolled system were also introduced in detail. Its design and development aims at west energy to east project, compared with products of similar kind,it has lower costs. 


Chronic unilateral and bilateral back pain with pseudoradicular symptoms, is a common clinical syndrome, which in many cases can be related to the facet joint syndrome. The pain is caused by mechanical affection of synovial and capsular nerve terminals. Therefore, current therapeutical attempts including physical therapy, intra-articular injection of local anesthetics and steroids and thermocoagulation of the facet joint with a thermocoagulator, are performed. We confirmed laser coagulation of the facet joint. Porcine cadaveric spines were treated immediately after death by intra-articular facet joint laser radiation. With the pulsed Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) altogether 600 J were applied in three different places 4 mm apart at the top of the facet joint. The results showed that facet joint laser radiation leads to a small (about 1 - 2 mm diameter) lesion restricted to the facet joint cavity and its synovia. Histologically, we found a central carbonization zone and necrosis, including almost the whole cartilage and approximately 0.2 mm of the adjacent bone. These changes are similar to Nd:Yag-laser applications in other skeletal regions. It is suggested that these changes may lead to facet joint denervation by coagulation of the synovial nerve terminals. Cicatration of the laser lesion might cause ankylosis of this joint. In sum, facet joint laser radiation could be an alternative therapeutical tool for lower back pain of the facet joint syndrome type. Therefore, future clinical application of this technique seems to be very promising.


In this study, we are to reveal how on Wangsogun's cross-border marriage has been handed down from China to Korea and the aspects of related painting poetry were. has been a material for paintings since the Northern Song and can be classified into paintings focusing only on cross-border marriage and paintings focusing on life after cross-border marriage. Since Korea has regarded Chinese writers and their works as the literary standard, Sogunchulsaedo is also likely to have been handed down from early and it can be identified through actual paintings and painting poetry. The most prominent feature of painting poetry related to Sogunchulsaedo is the remarkable description on the cross-border marriage scene. This can be characterized by the feature that the painting depicting cross-border marriage is directly poetized. The next feature is that deep sympathy on Wangsogun's circumstances is expressed. Loyalty and fidelity for Han shown by Wangsogun lie in this sympathy. Deeply sympathizing with Wangsogun in political upheaval and ups and downs, noblemen have recognized Wangsogun as the symbol similar to them. Third, description recognizing Wangsogun as a being who lost her fidelity and criticizing her was not made. It can be said that this is because Wangsogun's cross-border marriage has been recognized as loyalty for Han and the painting expressing sorrow and pain through cross-border marriage has been directly faced in Korea. Wangsogun related stories have been varied and handed down until modern times. Therefore, as a clue to explain the various aspects of Wangsogun related inheritance, this study can be said to be significant in terms of the exchange of Korea-China literature.


Plato arranged seven persons to make a high praise of Eros accordingly.During the course,an embarrassing hiccups prevented Aristophanes speaking as the third one and made him become the fourth,which was the middle of the seven and the most important one,except Socrates.What relationship was between Aristophanes the comic poet and Socrates the philosopher.We could reveal the relationship between poetry and philosophy in Symposiun.


OBJECTIVE Ofloxacin and dyclonine hydrochloride in Oukexin emulsion were determined by dual wavelength spectrophotometry.METHODS The emulsion was dissolved in hydrochloride(0.01 mol·L -1 )and then determined at the wavelength of 294,268,283,302.5 nm,respectively.RESULTS The absorbance difference and the concentration showed a good linear relationship in 5~25 μg·ml -1 for ofloxacin,2.5~12.5 μg·ml -1 1 for dyclonine hydrochloride. The mean recoveries of ofloxacin and dyclonine hydrochloride were 99.32% (RSD=1.30%,n=3)and 100.61% (RSD=0 9%,n=3),respectively CONCLUSI ONS This method is simple,quick and accurate.


The effect of large-scale mean circulation on the generic property of intrinsic basin modes of decadal variability is investigated through linear stability analysis of a two-layer shallow water model over a flatand a variable-bottom topography. The mean circulation is forced through either surface wind stress or vertical velocities at the layers interface representing surface heat flux. Regardless of the type of forcing, the large-scale mean circulation reduces the damping of the decadal basin modes. The wind forcing mostly affects the mode damping, by up to 30% for a climatological amplitude, whereas the heat flux forcing mostly increases the oscillation period, by several years (up to 30%). The oscillation period, characteristic of the adjustment process to the steady mean flow, displays, however, different behavior depending on the meridional shift of the eastward barotropic advection in the region of maximum basin mode amplitude: The period gets shortened (lengthened) in the windforced (thermally forced) experiment with respect to the unforced one. The results are rationalized through the analysis of long Rossby waves propagation and underscore the key role of two processes in setting the oscillation period of the basin adjustment: (1) changes in Rossby wave speed due to changes in isopycnals depth and (2) changes in the mean barotropic zonal flow. These processes reinforce each other in the thermal-forcing case, resulting in large modifications of the mode period, but almost compensate in the wind-forced case, resulting in slight changes of the mode period, compared with the reference rest state.


Experimental Factors Affecting Oxide Growth

Results of galvanostatic anodization of various metals with varying valve-metal behaviour including Nb, Ta, Zr, Ti, Al, W, Te, Sb, and Bi are compiled and compared with respect to the effect of various experimental factors such as surface pretreatment, stirring, solution composition, temperature of the bath, on the efficiency of oxide growth relative to that for other anodic processes. It is concluded that all of the above factors play an important role in the anodization of the non-typical valve metals, particularly Sb, Bi and W. Typical anodic charging curves associated with the process of oxide growth are given for several valve metals. Experimental data relevant to the phenomena of oxide breakdown are recorded and compared. The results indicate that the mechanism of breakdown varies for the same metal with variations in the experimental conditions.


Organizations need to apply resilience and business continuity in industry to protect themselves against the crises and destructive events. Also, the growing expansion of competition in the global market and the increasing crisis in the world have increased the importance of optimal resource allocation. With the optimal resource allocation, huge losses and damages to organizations are prevented. The problem of resource allocation can be raised alongside the criteria of process resilience and continuity. Therefore, organizations change their perspective from focusing solely on reducing vulnerability to increasing resilience and continuity against to accidents in crises and destructive situations. The objective of this paper is proposed a mathematical model for optimal resource allocation with the aim of minimizing the lack of process resilience and maximizing the process continuity. So, the organization can continue to operate with available resources in times of crisis and lack of resources. Also, main activities and processes are not interrupted by crises and destructive events. After solving the model using a case study (textile industry), the results of the model were described and it was found that destructive events were recovered before the tolerance threshold and crisis and destructive events did not interrupt activities and processes.


We have studied phosphor doping of core / shell nanocrystals (NCs) where the impurity emitter resides in the shell. We have found that a two step synthesis can be used to create these non-toxic materials that efficiently transfer energy from the core to the doped shell. These core / shell NCs retain ample brightness when solubilized in water. We explored the functionalization of these materials in water as well to create ratiometric chemical sensing agents. First, we used a method of controlled polymerization to synthesize amphiphilic polymers to solubilize the intrinsically hydrophobic NCs into water. The polymer has a build in "chemical handle" which we use to functionalize the polymers closely bound to the NC with a fluorescent dye in aqueous solution. We have found that there exists efficient Förster resonant energy transfer from the shell doped phosphors to the surface bound dyes. Conjugation of the NC to an environmentally sensitive dye such as fluorescein has also demonstrated that non-toxic doped NCs can be used to develop ratiometric sensing / biological imaging agents. Last, we have found that the same technique can be applied to functionalize non-emissive magnetic nanocrystals as well.


Based on field investigation, experiments in typical sample plots and long-term observation, service function of forest ecosystem in Jinyun Mountain of southwestern China in 2010 was evaluated. Totally seven kinds of ecological service functions of four typical forest types were studied, including water conservation, soil conservation and fertility maintenance, CO2 fixation and O2 generation, nutriment accumulation, air purification, biodiversity protection and forest recreation. Results showed that the total value of forest ecosystem services in Jinyun Mountain was 1.099 billion RMB/a, and the unit value was 14.46×104 RMB/(hm2·a). The order of seven ecological functions was given as followings: forest recreation (0.282 billion RMB/a) biodiversity protection (0.256 billion RMB/a) water conservation (0.225 billion RMB/a) soil conservation and fertility maintenance (0.160 billion RMB/a) CO2 fixation and O2 generation (0.137 billion RMB/a) nutriment accumulation (0.036 billion RMB/a) air purification (0.004 billion RMB/a). In terms of the unit value of ecosystem service function (except for the forest recreation function), bamboo forest had the lowest value of 6.98×104 RMB/(hm2·a), mixed broadleaf-conifer forest (11.21×104 RMB/(hm2·a)), evergreen broadleaved forest (11.07×104 RMB/(hm2·a)) and shrubbery (10.84×104 RMB/(hm2·a)) got approximately same value.


The seabed type of most shallow water areas is very often not homogenous but patchy in space and changeable with time. Recent studies have shown that statistics of acoustic backscatter from an inhomogeneous seabed deviate significantly from a conventional Rayleigh model and may show distributions with multiple modes and heavier tails. In this work, seabed backscatter statistics are analysed using the data collected with a RESON SeaBat 8125 multibeam sonar system (operating at 455kHz) in the regions of Recherche Archipelago and Cockburn Sound in Western Australia. The 455-kHz acoustic backscatter data were collected over areas consisting of different seabed types, including sand, rhodolith, seagrass and bedrock. Statistical models of backscatter intensity from these different seabed types were investigated for different values of the incident angle. The goodness of fit for the model with the experimental distributions was assessed with the nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnoff (KS) test statistic. Before compensation for the angular dependence of backscatter, the Rayleigh mixture probability distribution function provides the best fit to all experimental distributions at near-nadir angles of incidence. Within moderate and oblique angle intervals, the lognormal distribution fits experimental distributions best around the centre of the distributions and the Rayleigh 3component mixture distribution in most cases provides the best fits to the tail of the distributions. After the angular correction, the log-normal distribution fits empirical distributions best in all cases, but the Rayleigh mixture distribution offers the best fits to the tail of distributions for seagrass and bedrock seafloors.


Erwinia chrysanthemi causes soft‐rot diseases of various plants by enzymatic degradation of the pectin in plant cell walls. The structural complexity of pectin requires the combined action of several pectinases for its efficient breakdown. Three types of pectinases have so far been identified in E. chrysanthemi: two pectin methyl esterases (PemA, PemB), a polygalacturonase (PehX), and eight pectate lyases (PelA, PelB, PelC, PelD, PelE, PelL, PelZ, PelX). We report in this paper the analysis of a novel enzyme, the pectin acetyl esterase encoded by the paeY gene. No bacterial form of pectin acetyl esterases has been described previously, while plant tissues and some pectinolytic fungi were found to produce similar enzymes. The paeY gene is present in a cluster of five pectinase‐encoding genes, pelA–pelE–pelD–paeY–pemA. The paeY open reading frame is 1650 bases long and encodes a 551‐residue precursor protein of 60 704 Da, including a 25‐amino‐acid signal peptide. PaeY shares one region of homology with a rhamnogalacturonan acetyl esterase of Aspergillus aculeatus. To characterize the enzyme, the paeY gene was overexpressed and its protein product was purified. PaeY releases acetate from sugar‐beet pectin and from various synthetic substrates. Moreover, the enzyme was shown to act in synergy with other pectinases. The de‐esterification rate by PaeY increased after previous demethylation of the pectins by PemA and after depolymerization of the pectin by pectate lyases. In addition, the degradation of sugar‐beet pectin by pectate lyases is favoured after the removal of methyl and acetyl groups by PemA and PaeY, respectively. The paeY gene was first identified on the basis of its regulation, which shares several characteristics with that of other pectinases. Analysis of the paeY transcription, using gene fusions, revealed that it is induced by pectic catabolic products and is affected by growth phase, oxygen limitation and catabolite repression. Regulation of paeY expression appears to be dependent on the KdgR repressor, which controls all the steps of pectin catabolism, and on the catabolite regulatory protein (CRP), the global activator of sugar catabolism. The contiguous pelD, paeY and pemA genes are transcribed as an operon from a promoter proximal to pelD which allows the regulation by KdgR and CRP. However, transcription can be interrupted at the intra‐operon Rho‐independent terminator situated between pelD and paeY. The paeY mutant inoculated into Saintpaulia plants was less invasive than the wild‐type E. chrysanthemi strain 3937, demonstrating the important role of PaeY in the soft‐rot disease.


The effects of nonlinear dynamical phenomena on strategies for creating large amplitude excitations in molecular systems are studied. A simple area‐preserving mapping modeling a Morse oscillator coupled to a second intramolecular degree of freedom is considered. The optical field is approximated by a finite sequence of impulsive interactions with arbitrary amplitudes and time increments. The goal of exciting the system to 75% of its dissociation energy is established. For the uncoupled Morse oscillator, an analytic solution for the optimal spacing between pulses of minimal equal intensity is given. When intramolecular coupling is present, the existence of a nonlinear resonance zone is shown to strongly interfere with the efficacy of this strategy. Dramatic improvements in efficiency can be obtained by employing pulse sequences that explicitly take into account the presence of strong perturbations of the zeroth order phase portrait.


The procedure for connecting transmitting and receiving information between each other ProSe Function of two PLMN is because the security problems that need information from the monitoring station to another PLMN there are other operators between (inter PLMN) D2D navigation services are defined in the standard but realistically implemented it's difficult. Therefore, the present invention provides a method using the content server in the conventional way D2D search for the real-time advertising local advertisement with D2D search to the terminal number of operators. Monitoring terminal requests the advertising information directly to the content server, or request the advertisement information to the other PLMN ProSe Function other PLMN ProSe Function may request the ad content information to the server.


In this paper the asymmetric shock reflection configurations in two-dimensional steady flows have been studied theoretically. For an overall Mach reflection, it is found that the horizontal distance between both triple points in the Mach stem is related to the angles of two slip streams. Based on the features of the converging stream tube, several assumptions are put forward to perform better the wave configurations near the slip streams. Therefore, we present an analytical model here to describe the asymmetric overall Mach reflection configurations which agrees well with the computational and experimental results.


In the Original Investigation titled Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes by Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, 1 published November 11, 2021, there were errors in Figures 1 and 2. The odds ratios for the first model in each figure were erroneously labeled as adjusted;in fact, they were unadjusted. This article has been corrected.


The present manuscript explores the impact of Dy doping in the Tantalum-based bismuth layer structured ferroelectrics with chemical composition of Sr(Bi1-xDyx)2Ta2O9 (where x= 0.00, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.10) prepared by mixed oxide process. X-ray diffraction study of all the ceramics implement orthorhombic phase without any secondary phase. The polycrystalline nature and grain distribution in the materials is studied from scanning electron microscope study. The temperature dependent dielectric performance of Dy doped SBT ceramics at selected frequencies indicates diffuse order phase transitions with reduction in transition temperature (Tc) and relative permittivity with doping level. The residual polarization and coercive field reduce with doping. The conduction mechanism was analyzed using the frequency and temperature domain impedance spectroscopy for all composition. The electrical contribution from both grains and grain boundary in the doped ceramics in the reported temperatures is confirmed from the Nyquist plots and the non-Debye type of relaxation mechanism is manifested from the depressed semicircles in all of them. The ac conductivities variation with frequencies at the studied temperatures follow Jonscher's power law and the fitting parameters suggests that the conduction mechanism obey the correlated barrier-hopping model.


While popular dance shows on stage and screen frequently attract audiences seeking the 'glitz and glamour' of spectacle and celebrity, much contemporary, experimental work holds more appeal for spectators in search of challenge and even disorientation. However, a significant element of viewing pleasure which cuts across these distinctions is the spectator's feeling of involvement with the dancer and/or the kinesthetics of the choreography. Indeed, facilitating audiences' sense of intimacy/involvement with dancers can impact dramatically on the effect of cutting-edge choreography which might otherwise be experienced as difficult and obscure. I shall discuss audiences' response and attraction to popular shows such as Strictly Come Dancing and compare these with responses to William Forsythe's choreography as performed by the 'Ballet Boyz'.


The backwardness of agricultural economy has already become the main restriction factor of the comprehensive construction well-off society of Lanzhou.Regard developing circulation type ecological agriculture as the breakthrough point to construct the modern agriculture's new mode,realize complementing each other and interactional developing between every industry inside agriculture and among the other industries related to agriculture is promote the agricultural development level in Lanzhou and realize the only ways of the city and rural coordinated development.


We propose a method for monitoring the movement of moving targets, such as water-level, at considerable depth, using dipole array-type radar with the dipoles fixed at various positions in the subsurface. We report on monitoring the water-level variation in a sand tank over several hours with the dipole-antenna array. A dipole-antenna with an optical modulator made of non-metallic material is used as the receiving antenna element. The antenna has little effect on the electromagnetic field being measured, and the optical modulator does not need electrical power. The basic idea of a radar system fixed in a subsurface is to distribute the dipole-antennae and to monitor the movement of a target, such as water distribution, over long periods of time, using scattered waves from the target. In order to demonstrate the validity of the radar system, we carried out laboratory experiments. We positioned several receiving dipole-antennae with the optical modulators, in a small package inside the sand. We raised the height of the water-level in the sand and measured waves scattered from the boundary between the saturated and unsaturated layers. We analysed the radar signals with the MUSIC algorithm utilizing Method of Moment analysis and monitored the 2D location of a moving scattering centre over several hours. By comparing the water-level in a vertical borehole with the estimated positions, we found that the estimation is reasonable.


Because of the complexity of the structure and the stress state of the test specimen,the designing of the large counterforce frame structure should give full consideration to the structure of the specimens,the specimens' load conditions,the test site environment,economy and other factors,it's a complex structure design.The paper designs a three-dimensional space steel counterforce frame with the load capacity of 50 MN,and the static analysis has been carried on the frame by using the largescale finite element software ANSYS,reveals the distribution of the stress and deformation when the counterforce frame is under the maximum vertical load,finds out the weak links and rich place of the counterforce frame on the strength and rigidity design,provides the basis for design and optimization of the large structure counterforce frame.


In the literature, various tests for evaluating some characteristics of space-time covariance functions, such as symmetry and separability, are widely used. Recently, in case of rejection of the separability hypothesis, innovative tests have been proposed for evaluating the type of non-separability of space-time covariance functions and testing some well known classes of non-separable positive or negative covariance function models.
In this paper a study on simulated data is proposed in order to assess the performance of the tests on the type of non-separability and on the classes of covariance functions.


The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the development of the relative efficiency of Jordanian Islamic banks performance over time (2005-2009), using two different approaches: Malmquist Data Envelopment Analysis and Financial Ratio Analysis. There are 3 Islamic banks in Jordan, one of which has been established recently, 2010. The results reveal that Jordanian Islamic banks are constantly efficient in term of their inputs producing actual outputs, using both approaches, during the study period. However, the variation between the sample banks is not significant. In addition, there is no significant evidence on the association between DEA and FRA bank rankings It is recommended that Jordanian Islamic banks managers should increase their banks efficiency by improving recourse utilization to produce optimal outputs.


In this special issue, working values are reported for 272 international geostandards along with sample description. For many geostandards, the number of compiled data were not adequate enough for assigning working values. Users of geostandards are solicited to contribute more and more data particularly on trace elements. Think Geostan is a slogan that we wish to launch to set this problem in the limelight.


In this approach, fundamentally exploratory, the diffusion of innovation theoretical framework (E. Rogers, F.M. Bass and G. Moore models) has been applied to the analysis of the level of adoption of the Library Services Platforms among academic and public libraries between the years 2010 and 2016. We have also tried to identify different behaviour patterns regarding the implementation of the Integrated Library Systems. The results suggest that, for the time frame considered here, the process of adoption of this technological innovation has been characterized by its discontinuity and by the predominance of imitative behaviours. Moreover, the adoption rates have been different depending on the type of library considered. Such differences have been also observed in the evaluation and implementation of automated library systems; therefore, resulting in what may be considered different automation profiles.


A cable connector component comprises an insulating body combined by an upper cover body and a lower cover body, a printed circuit board contained in the insulating body and a cable electrically connected with the printed circuit board, wherein the insulating body is provided with a main body part and an upper tongue part and a lower tongue plate part that extend forwards for certain distance from the front end surface of the main body part; the printed circuit board comprises a front end edge and a rear end edge that is opposite to the front end edge and connected with a cable; the front end edge of the printed circuit board extends forwards from the front end surface of the main body part of the insulating body and are arranged between the upper tongue plate part and the lower tongue plate part; the upper and the lower tongue plate parts and the printed circuit board are arranged in parallel at intervals; and the cable connector component also comprises a metal shielding shell that surrounds the outside of the printed circuit board in part and the cable and is contained in the insulating body. With the metal shielding shell installed inside, the cable connector component can effectively prevent electromagnetic interference and consequently stabilize signal transmission.


On Sunday, 8 July 2012, around four hundred participants of the Training Course for Kader Tani Pemuda (Katimu Cadre of Youth Farmers) of West Java made campfire on the field in front of the Rector of Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) building. IPB Rector, Prof. Dr. Ir. Herry Suhardiyanto, M.Sc together with Aster Kodam III / 3rd Military Command (Kodam) Siliwangi symbolically set the fire, then followed by representative of the participants.


You're foundering in the waters of a flood; the Mona Lisa and a babe float by. Which one of these two treasures do you save? I've saved the baby, and let the Mona drown – Or did the Author know that I'd be coming here, and leave a part for me to play?


Numerous lists of plant species, ranging from excursion notes to ecological surveys, have been published in New South Wales during the last one hundred years (Pickard 1972). The more detailed of these documents (Moore and Betche 1893; Anderson 1939; Cross and Vickery 1950, and Vickery 1953) contain an increasing list of plants over the years due to the identification of native species, the spread of exotic species and, in sorne cases, to a greater intensity of survey.


Electrical lifetime and relative dynamic welding failure mechanisms of an electromechanical relay for a capacitive load are interesting topics in the area of switching devices and contact materials. In this paper, a silver tin oxide contact material has been tested with a capacitive load by using our designed novel model switch. The typical waveforms of contact current and contact voltage at making and breaking are presented. Furthermore, the variations in bounce energy, static contact force, dynamic contact force, arc energy, and contact resistance as a function of operation cycles are plotted and analyzed explicitly. In particular, the intermittent long-duration arcing phenomena during breaking are observed and explained with the variations in local contact asperities. Based on the collected sensitive parameters, an associated physical degradation mechanism of contact materials under the capacitive load is proposed.


The present invention relates to an animal protein-based foam cement, water was added, fescue, sodium bisulfite pretreatment 1-2h 80-95 deg.] C water bath, suction filtered, the resulting solid was added to take water at the base 80 -95 ℃ hydrolysis 5-7h, centrifugal filtration, the resulting hydrolyzate; C was added an appropriate amount to maintain a neutral pH, under conditions to prepare animal protein-yl foam cement base liquid; adding an appropriate amount of liquid in the base of different types: foam stabilizing components, reinforcing components, uniformly mixed to prepare a cement-based foaming agent animal protein. The resulting foaming agent foaming ability, foam delicate uniform, high stability, cheap, easily available raw materials, and broaden the tannery solid waste resource utilization way, if able to promote the application, can solve the tanning industry solid waste recycling problem.


The purpose of this article, which is our contribution to Wolfgang Schleich's Festschrift, is to present an unconventional perspective of two fundamental, interrelated problems: the emergence of classicality and the observer's role in quantum mechanics. In our perspective, the decoherence of quantum states of a system or its measuring device (meter) by the environment cannot replace the role of the observer, nor can it provide the ultimate explanation of the transition of the system from quantumness to classicality. The reason is that decoherence, despite appearances, typically does not irretrievably obliterate the information on the system's state. Even in cases where the environment has the potential of erasing this information, the observer can negate decoherence effects in the meter or the system by dynamical control. We contend that the choice of measuring bases and observables is largely up to the controller-observer (CO) that need not possess unlimited resources in order to steer or freeze (at will) the system-state evolution and its quantumness, notwithstanding the environment effects. An analogy is drawn between the outlined approach and Lamarckism, the theory of evolution that preceded Darwinism. Quantum Lamarckism expresses our view of evolution as functional adaptation of the system to the interplay between environmental and CO effects. In our view, both conceptually and practically, decoherence may be deemed non-essential for determining the evolution of a quantum system embedded in its environment, provided the CO has an adequate, albeit limited, arsenal of resources.


In this paper, nine carved monoliths from the communities of Temaxcalapa, Yetzecovi, and Lachirioag, in the Northem Sierra of Oaxaca, are described and interpreted. The evidence presented by these monoliths attests the use of a writing system that goes back in time at least between the seventh and tenth centuries after Christ. Such a graphic system shares iconographic and epigraphic conventions with the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, as well as certain elements from the Central Highlands of Mexico. One of the stones described here also evinces the existence of a local iconographic tradition that might date sometime after the 10th century AD. Although the Northem Sierra of Oaxaca is relatively isolated due to its rough topography, the existence of carved monuments there suggests that the region played an important role during pre-Hispanic cultural developments.


Ongoing and upcoming galaxy surveys are providing precision measurements of galaxy clustering. However, a major obstacle in its cosmological application is the stochasticity in the galaxy bias. We explore whether the principal component analysis (PCA) of galaxy correlation matrix in hyperspace of galaxy properties (e.g. magnitude and colour) can reveal further information on mitigating this issue. Based on the hydrodynamic simulation TNG300-1, we analyse the cross-power spectrum matrix of galaxies in the magnitude and colour space of multiple photometric bands. (1) We find that the first principal component $E_i^{(1)}$ is an excellent proxy of the galaxy deterministic bias bD, in that $E_i^{(1)}=\sqrt{P_{mm}/\lambda ^{(1)}}b_{D,i}$. Here, i denotes the i-th galaxy sub-sample. λ(1) is the largest eigenvalue, and Pmm is the matter power spectrum. We verify that this relation holds for all the galaxy samples investigated, down to k ∼ 2h Mpc−1. Since $E_i^{(1)}$ is a direct observable, we can utilize it to design a linear weighting scheme to suppress the stochasticity in the galaxy–matter relation. For an LSST-like magnitude limit galaxy sample, the stochasticity $\mathcal {S}\equiv 1-r^2$ can be suppressed by a factor of $\gtrsim 2$ at k = 1h Mpc−1. This reduces the stochasticity-induced systematic error in the matter power spectrum reconstruction combining galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing from $\sim 12~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ to $\sim 5~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at k = 1h Mpc−1. (2) We also find that $\mathcal {S}$ increases monotonically with fλ and $f_{\lambda ^2}$. $f_{\lambda ,\lambda ^2}$ quantify the fractional contribution of other eigenmodes to the galaxy clustering and are direct observables. Therefore, the two provide extra information on mitigating galaxy stochasticity.


This paper consists largely of extracts from what will be a first draft of a book we are currently writing for Polity Press to be published under the title Webcam . The reason for writing such a book at this point should be obvious. Each year seems to bring some genuinely important new development in communications, whether Facebook, the smartphone or Twitter. But our sense is that over the last year the most influential development has been the widespread adoption of webcam, mainly through Skype as a mode of regular communication, often by groups such as the elderly who otherwise have been resistant to new media technologies but welcome the potential of webcam to speak to relatives abroad or admire their grandchildren. Our ethnography suggests that the core usage is of particular concern to anthropology since it is focused around close relationships, kinship, couples and best friends.


To investigate the effect of FasL gene transfer to islet cells on pancreatic islet allografts. Methods A recombinant and replication-deficient type-5 adenovirus encoding murine FasL (AdV-FasL) was constructed by the method of calcium phosphate precipitation. The pancreatic islets were infected with the recombinant adenovirus AdV-FasL and transplanted into diabetic recipients. FasL expression was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry methods. Allografts survival and the apoptosis of gene transferred islet allografts were analyzed. Results All animals receiving islet allograft alone returned to a diabetic state by several days, mean survival time (6. 3±0. 56) days. Compared with the control group, no delay of rejection and prolongation of allografts survival were observed in the group of FasL gene transfer. The rejection was accelerated and the allografts survival was shortened to (3.4±0.24) days (P 0. 05). Pancreatic islets infected with AdV-FasL demonstrated positive staining for FasL at 24 h, with increased intensity at 48 h, but not in AdV-5 infected or uninfected islets. TUNEL labeling of pancreatic islet allografts at 24, 48 h revealed apoptosis that was not in AdV-5 infected allografts. Conclusion Though co-transplantation of FasL-expressing testicular cells can induce privilege of islet allografts and prolong allografts survival, direct expression of FasL on islet allografts infected with AdV-FasL accelerated the islets rejection by islets apoptosis and granulocytes infiltration.


Students and Practitioners of Medicine. By Joh n C. Da lt o n , Jr ., M. D., Professor of Physiology and Microscopic Anatomy in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York; Member of the New York Academy of Medicine; of the New York Pathological Society; of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Mass.; and of the Biological Department of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia. With two hundred and fifty-four illustrations. Philadelphia: Bla nc ha rd & Lea . 1859.


We are developing a PET-insert system with a half-ring insert that can not only image breast at a high resolution as other dedicated mammography systems but also image the chest and ancillary wall at a better resolution than the existing PET systems. Three different types of coincidences are acquired; coincidences between insert and insert (type II), coincidences between insert and scanner (type IS), and coincidences between scanner and scanner (type SS). The type II and IS data acquired in the proposed system does not sample the imaging FOV completely, hence an 2D iterative algorithm based on expectation maximization is developed that can estimate the activity in the FOV using all the three data sets. A novel approach to compute the 2D system matrix for the detector pairs acquiring coincidencs of type IS is developed that can account for gamma rays hitting the lateral surface of the detectors in the insert. This requires developing a new model for computing the system matrix in which the probabilities are computed using the lateral surfaces as well as the front surface of the detectors in the insert. Normalization factors are computed using a direct method to compensate for the non-uniformity in the intrinsic detection efficiency that depends on the material and length of the crystal. The proposed system is built in GATE and the data is generated with no attenuation and scatter from the phantom. It is demonstrated qualitatively using the simulation data that images with no visible artifacts can be reconstructed using the developed model for the system matrix and the normalization factors incorporated with the system matrix. A singular value decomposition and point source study is also performed to demonstrate the improvement in the proposed model compared to a conventional model for the system matrix.


The present paper focuses on Female Genital Mutilation regarding to the debate on universalism versus cultural relativism. How does such a cultural behavior


Rating Trigger is a contractual mechanism that penalizes a party whose credit rating falls below a stipulated grade. When activated, this mechanism imposes onerous collateralization duties and requires that outstanding debt be repaid immediately. These repercussions often have a devastating effect on debt-issuers by undercutting their solvency and harm third parties as well. According to the accepted wisdom, nonetheless, rating triggers are socially beneficial. Arguably, they enhance economic efficiency by reducing the agency and supervision costs for creditors and investors.The coronavirus-induced economic crisis and the ensuing volatility and instability challenge this accepted wisdom. Under the abnormal market conditions brought about by COVID-19, credit rating agencies prefer to err on the side of caution: they skew their evaluations toward "downward mistakes" thereby downgrading debt-issuers' ratings without sufficient cause. This business strategy is a mirror image of the "upward mistake" strategy that rating agencies followed prior to the financial crisis of 2008-2009 and became accused of systematically inflating ratings. To shield themselves against such accusations and to entrench their position in the financial market, rating agencies have now shifted from over-optimism to over-caution by issuing projections that give creditors and investors excessive protection for the times of crisis. Tightened regulation and the drive to reduce operational costs have further strengthened the agencies' incentive to pursue the "downward mistake" strategy, as did the difference between the agencies' costs of making upward and downward mistakes. Both upward and downward mistakes are non-observable ex ante, when the agency delivers the rating. During a crisis, however, upward mistakes can be detected ex post as the true situation emerges, while downward mistakes remain largely undetectable. Downward mistakes come at a high social cost. They induce economic breakdowns when rating triggers are activated by investors. Such breakdowns have devastating effects on the economy and on society at large. They therefore need to be prevented. To this end, I recommend that a special tribunal be set up to oversee creditors' activations of rating triggers and to enjoin unjustified activations. This tribunal would uncover the rating agencies' downward mistakes, provide debt-issuers the protection they need, and incentivize the agencies to deliver more accurate credit ratings and protect the integrity and efficiency of financial markets.


h s article examines how recent research and new mathematical techniques are affecting investment management. It is based on the T conclusions of Focarh and Jonas [1996]. Over 100 people in academia and major banks and financial institutions in the United States and Europe were interviewed for the study. The changes underway reflect an evolution from the rational, idealized approach of classical finance based on the efficient market hypothesis to a new approach that considers market heterogeneity and the dynamics of markets under condtions of non-equihbrium. From a theoretical point of view, the new approach is still in its infancy, although data-driven methods allow new techniques to be developed for understanding and modeling a number of aspects of market dynamics. We first review classical finance theory and show how new empirical findings and concepts are leadmg to a need for revision of the theory. Then we explore how the path to a revised financial theory is reflected in the mathematical techniques of investment management. The process of automation in investment management is underway, with the promise of beneficial effects.


Olshan, Arnold Merwin. M. S., University of Rhode Island, August 196 9. Charactc ri zalion of the Effect of Methylchlo roform Inhalation on Hepatic Drug Metabolis1n in the Rat. Major Professor: Dr. George C. Fuller. Male rats were exposed to inethylchlorofonn (1,1,J-trichloroethane ) vapors (concentration about 2500 PPM) for 24 honrs and t},e effects of this treatment on drug responses and hepatic drug metabolism studied 24 hours later to dete:nnine the effect of incthyl ·· chloroforrn on inducible hepatic cl rug-metaboli zj ng c-nzy;nc s . Exposure to methylchloroforrn vapor significantly decrc:~sc>d lhe sleeping time of the rat in response to h exobarbilal (120 mti/kg, i. p.) and zoxazolamine (80 mg/kg , i. p. ). Rat blood and liver n1ethylchloroforn1 content mca2ure:d immediately following exposure suggested that the efi"ects of mclhyl chloroforin were caused by a systemic actio11 . Expc rirncnts v.-ith 9000 x G supernatants indicated tl"'at the m .etabolisn1 of hexolnrbital was significantly increased follc,wing exposure to nielhylchlorofonn . Significantly increased N-cle1ncthyJ2.tion of am ',no p~·:-ine, accon1panicd by inc r e<'.sc


It has been stated that both the word "culture" and the syntagm "cultural realities" have influenced both communication and translation to a great extent.Moreover, the syntagm "speech community" has been tackled from many perspectives. One of them is that it cannot be determined by static physical location but it may represent an insight into a nation state, village, religious institutions, and so on. Although speech communities may take any and all of these shapes and more, it is not a flexible concept, altering shape and meaning according to any new gathering of people.Linguists offered different definitions of the syntagm 'speech communities', each definition representing a new perspective in approaching this term.Translating cultural realities constitutes not only a challenge but also an audacity on the part of the translator. In this respect, we have chosen to cross the religious communities and survey both their language and cultural realities and how they are mediated in translation.Consequently, translating religious terminology requires the translator's competence since it encompasses the Truth that has to be accurately reproduced in the TC (target culture). His/her task is also to raise the target reader's awareness of such realities and language.


Objective:To study the incidence of Mycoplasma hominis in endocervical swabs of women using intrauterine contraceptive device and to compare it with the incidence of Mycoplasma hominis in women using other methods of contraception (barrier, hormones) as a control. Method: Endo cervical swabs were taken from 260 fertile women (130 of them using intrauterine contraceptive device and 130 using other methods of contraception) and cultured on Hayflick`s agar for detection of Mycoplasma hominis. Results: The incidence of Mycoplasma hominis in women using intrauterine contraceptive device was( 27.6%) in comparison with incidence of Mycoplasma hominis in women using barriers and hormones which was (13%), also the pelvic inflammatory disease rate was (86.1%) in women using intrauterine contraceptive device and positive culture for Mycoplasma hominis in comparison with the rate of pelvic inflammatory disease in women using intrauterine contraceptive device and negative culture for Mycoplasma hominis which was (51%). Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that using intrauterine contraceptive device increases the rate of infection with Mycoplasma hominis among fertile women.


Studying the complex relationships and structure of the feral goat on Lundy facilitates the understanding of sociality. Vigilance behaviour and behaviour repertoires were assessed using continuous and instantaneous focal sampling. Correlations and regression models found that vigilance behaviour was associated with grazing and mobility and dependant on age, time, location, sex and colour. Social network analysis highlighted specific cliques of both sexually segregated and mixed groups that, with time, diffused. To our knowledge this is the first study of its kind to assess the social complexities of the feral goats on Lundy. The results in conjunction with further research could give guidance on culling and may have beneficial implications for both the welfare and production of goats used for meat and dairy products.


Accurate forest biomass estimation at the individual tree scale is the foundation of timber industry and forest management. It plays an important role in explaining ecological issues and small-scale processes. Remotely sensed images, across a range of spatial and temporal resolutions, with their advantages of non-destructive monitoring, are widely applied in forest biomass monitoring at global, ecoregion or community scales. However, the development of remote sensing applications for forest biomass at the individual tree scale has been relatively slow due to the constraints of spatial resolution and evaluation accuracy of remotely sensed data. With the improvements in platforms and spatial resolutions, as well as the development of remote sensing techniques, the potential for forest biomass estimation at the single tree level has been demonstrated. However, a comprehensive review of remote sensing of forest biomass scaled at individual trees has not been done. This review highlights the theoretical bases, challenges and future perspectives for Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) applications of individual trees scaled to whole forests. We summarize research on estimating individual tree volume and aboveground biomass (AGB) using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Laser Scanning (UAV-LS) and Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS, including Vehicle-borne Laser Scanning (VLS) and Backpack Laser Scanning (BLS)) data.


This paper presents the results of an experimental study performed to investigate effect of incorporating silica fume in the fly ash geopolymer on its porosity and compressive strength. Geopolymer specimens were prepared by activating fly ash incorporated with additional silica fume in the range of 2.5% to 5% with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate having Na2O content of 8%. The characterization of the geopolymer specimens was done with ESEM/EDAX and MIP tests. Addition of silica fume up to 5% enhanced compressive strength of geopolymer mortars. However, further increase of silica fume caused a decrease in compressive strength. SEM micrographs for specimens incorporated with silica fume showed better microstructure and exhibited lesser porosity. MIP results of paste specimens indicate higher pore volume in the specimen prepared with additional silica fume while for mortar specimens; the pore volume was seen lesser in specimens with additional silica fume. Silica fume may be used as an additional material to improve or modify some properties of the resulting geopolymer.


Low- and high-temperature (lt, ht) modifications of AlPS4 are prepared by solid state reaction of AlP and 10% excess S (evacuated silica tubes, 923 K, 30 d for the lt modification, 1023 K, 30 d, for the ht modification).


Abstract : An investigation was conducted to evaluate and standarize upon various ultrasonic instrument and operational parameters which may alter inspectional response in the detection of nonmetallic inclusions and cleanliness rating of semi-finished material. In order to obtain an acceptable degree of uniformity of test results between various laboratories, recommendations are presented with regard to specimen preparation, instrumentation requirements, search unit specifications, system calibration, inspection procedure and data processing. (Author)


For over 100 years, the US Forest Service (USFS) has developed initiatives to improve safety outcomes. Herein we discuss the engineered solutions used from 1910 through 1994, when the agency relied on physical science to address the hazards of wildland fire suppression. We then interpret safety initiatives of the subsequent 25 years, as the USFS incorporated social science perspectives both into its understanding of emergency fire incidents and its mitigation of vulnerabilities across all fields of work. Tracing the safety programs using a historical sociology approach, we identify, within the agency's narrative, three recent developments in its organizational safety culture: cultural awareness, cultural management, and cultural reorganization. This article describes how the development of top-down safety initiatives are questioned and shaped by employees who actively influence the trajectory of a safety culture in the USFS.


Objective To explore the changes and clinical significance of serum erythropoietin( EPO) in patients with secondary polycythemia. Methods The serum EPO levels in 32 secondary polycythemia patients,15 polycythemia vera patients and 30 normal controls were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The median serum levels of EPO in secondary polycythemia patients were significantly higher than that of in polycythemia vera patients and healthy normal controls( P 0. 01). The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed that EPO had a significantly higher area under the curve,while the cut-off value was set to 22. 43 mIU /mL with a sensibility and specificity of 71. 88% and 82. 22%. The serum EPO level had a positive correlation with RBC in secondary polycythemia patients( r = 0. 825,P 0. 01). There was positive correlation between the serum levels of EPO and Hb concentration( r = 0. 772,P 0. 01). Conclusion The serum EPO is peculiarly present in secondary polycythemia patients,and would be used as a sensitive parameter for the diagnosis of secondary polycythemia.


The paper presents the need for establishing the information system for large-scale crane supervision and the programming for the information system's management. It also takes an example to illustrate what role it can play in the crane supervision and that it is worth to apply to large-scale crane supervision.


PURPOSE: A track spin wafer chuck is provided to increase the uniformity of a vacuum formed between a workpiece and a wafer chuck, thereby reducing workpiece bending related to a high-vacuum region. CONSTITUTION: A wafer chuck(202) is formed to receive a workpiece(212). The wafer chuck is rotated to uniformly distribute photoresist material(214) on the workpiece. Multiple vacuum holes(204a-204c) are connected to a cavity(206), located within the top surface of the wafer chuck, in a way enabling fluid flow. A vacuum source(210) is connected to the multiple vacuum holes and forms a low-pressure vacuum in the cavity. The vacuum source includes one or more vacuum pumps(210a-210c). [Reference numerals] (210a,210b,210c) Vacuum pump


The development of Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD),especially that of ASD technology with variable frequency makes the deep revolution within electrical drive control all over the world.It is a composition of computer control technology,optimal control technology(various non linearity controls),electro optics technology,power electronics,and perhaps the cooling technology.Here are described in detail the development course,basic theory,circuit configuration,voltage grad,application,and development perspective of speed control for AC drives.The advantages and shortcomings of ASD control and its circuit configuration are also discussed.


Abstract Ecological theory predicts that species with similar niches cannot coexist on a limited resource. To allow for coexistence species would differentiate in resource use. Species that have similar ecology could coexist providing that they have different patterns of habitat use and associations with different environmental variables. In addition, similarity among species could be influenced by habitat structure and resource availability. Here, we build models of habitat use in high resolution (50 × 50 m), for two closely related species of birds in Northeast Brazil (Herpsilochmus sellowi–Caatinga Antwren and Herpsilochmus pectoralis–Pectoral Antwren). We use ecological niche factor analysis to detail the relationship between species and their habitat requirements. Our models brought new information about habitat use and how species respond to environmental variability. Habitat heterogeneity promotes the existence of distinct habitats that can be differently occupied by the species. Our analysis revealed that the two species have different strategies. H. pectoralis was very selective (specialist), while H. sellowi was habitat generalist. The use of different habitats can reduce the effect of interspecific competition to levels that allow coexistence. Our results suggest that habitat segregation as proposed by classical niche theory can explain coexistence of these two species in our study site.


Women's Health Paper Presentation Background Worldwide efforts to reduce cervical cancer have been successful with the development and implementation of the cervical cancer/human papillomavirus vaccine. Success has been noted throughout the United States in the reduction in squamous cell cervical cancers, those that account for approximately 75% to 80% of all cervical cancers. However, the rate of adenocarcinoma has risen, notably in young women of reproductive age. Case M.L. is a 24‐year‐old female who telephoned her obstetrician complaining of break through bleeding on her oral contraceptive pill. While many healthcare providers typically reassure their patients, this provider brought the patient in for an exam. On exam, the physician discovered a small mass protruding from the internal os of her cervix. Surprised by this finding, the physician took a small biopsy and noted that the patient had always had all normal cervical cytology screenings. The healthcare provider was suspicious as it did not appear to be a cervical polyp. Pathology returned adenocarcinoma. The patient was immediately referred to the gynecologic oncology practice. Upon arrival, a full pelvic exam was performed, and the patient was sent for a chest, abdomen, and pelvic CT scan and scheduled for a radical hysterectomy. The CT scan revealed a sizable tumor around her cervix with measureable nodes along the iliac chain. She underwent surgery, recovered, and began a traditional course of chemotherapy for cervical cancer: Paclitaxel and Carboplatin every 21 days for six courses. Premedication was given with each course and patient was sent home with antiemetic therapy. The patient did well, completed chemotherapy, and was sent for complete pelvic radiation as she had residual lymph nodes. Two weeks into the radiation, she telephoned the office with severe abdominal pain. The nurse practitioner triaged the patient, examined her, and she was admitted for dehydration and a CT scan. The CT scan revealed severe lymph node invasion with pelvic seeding. Radiation was stopped and the patient was placed on palliation second line chemotherapy of Topotecan for comfort care. Hospice was consulted. Conclusion Adenocarcinoma is a particularly challenging cancer to treat. If not caught early, the disease can spread sporadically in the abdominal and pelvic cavity. Typical treatment options for microinvasive disease are large conization procedures with conservative follow‐up or hysterectomy. Invasive adenocarcinoma as presented above has high rates of morbidity and mortality.


The ROMANSE project was a key partner of the highly successful SCOPE project. The project was concerned with the development of Southampton as a model for transport management systems and the provision of timely and accurate travel information. To this end, the project has successfully developed a Traffic and Travel Information Centre to collect, collate and disseminate travel information. The centre acts as an information terminus with up-to-date data supplied by UTC, CCTV cameras, incident detection systems, public transport automatic vehicle location system, railway control centres, the Police and Trafficmaster. The information is relayed to the travelling public via real time bus stop displays (STOPWATCH), Information Display Units, local radio broadcasts, car park and route guidance Variable Message Signs, TRIPlanner public access multi-modal travel information points and BBC CEEFAX service. The paper outlines the further steps which are being taken to broaden the dissemination of accurate, timely travel information within the FP4 project EUROSCOPE. Pre-trip traveller information services will be enhanced by a frequently up-dated recorded telephone message line, an information service via cable TV and the establishment of a home page on the World Wide Web. Existing services will be expanded to provide city wide coverage including the expansion of STOPWATCH to a large scale demonstration trial and the location of more VMS. The data collection services will be extended with the installation of further CCTV sites, additional Information Display Units located and linking with other centres.


The wool industry has responded to the decline in wool's share of the textile market with innovations in production, processing and marketing that are aimed at increasing consumer demand for wool apparel. However, little is known about whether consumers' beliefs about wool apparel reflect these innovations and whether consumers' beliefs are uniform or vary in different markets. This exploratory study investigated consumers' beliefs about wool apparel in three different locations (New York and Colorado in the USA and Western Australia). The findings indicate that both positive and negative perceptions of garment attributes are related to perceived garment value, as illustrated in the proposed model. Further, beliefs about wool were found to vary dramatically depending on context.


Slits, a family of secreted proteins, are crucial for axon guidance during the development of the central nervous system. In rats, Slit1, Slit2 and Slit3 mRNA are expressed in midline glial populations surrounding the developing corpus callosum (Marillat et al., 2002). A previous study has shown that mice lacking the Slit2 gene have an acallosal phenotype (Bagri et al., 2002). However, the role of Slit1 and Slit3 in the development of the corpus callosum is unknown. In the present study expression analysis of Slit1, Slit2 and Slit3 mRNA performed on mice, showed that these molecules were expressed around the developing corpus callosum. To understand the role each Slit might play in the development of the corpus callosum, 4 Slit mutant mouse strains, Slit1-/-, Slit2-/-, Slit1-/-;Slit2-/- and Slit3-/- mice were analysed. This study confirmed that Slit2-/- mice displayed dysgenesis of the corpus callosum across its rostro-caudal extent. Mice lacking the Slit1 gene did not exhibit an acallosal phenotype, however, Slit1-/-;Slit2-/- mice displayed a more severe phenotype compared to mice deficient in Slit2 alone, indicating a role for Slit1 in corpus callosum development. A subset of the Slit3-/- mice displayed an axon guidance defect in the corpus callosum, where the callosal axons in the dorsal region of the tract failed to cross the midline. This defect was observed in embryonic as well as postnatal ages. The callosal axon guidance defects in Slit2-/- and Slit1-/-;Slit2-/- mice were also observed at earlier stages during the development of the cingulate pioneering axons of the corpus callosum. Apart from axon guidance Slit1, Slit2 and Slit3 were involved in the development of the glial populations at the midline of the cerebral cortex. Slit2-/- and Slit1-/-;Slit2-/- mice exhibited a positional defect where the indusium griseum glia was ventrally displaced. The glial-positioning defect in Slit1-/-;Slit2-/- mice was more severe compared to Slit2-/- mice. No positional defect was observed in Slit3-/- mice, however the development of the indusium griseum glia was affected. To compare the axon guidance phenotype of the Slit2-/- mice, and the knockout of its known receptor Robo1-/- mice, diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and tractography was performed on Slit2-/-, and Robo1-/- mice. These experiments showed that the axon guidance defect in Slit2-/- mice is similar, but more severe compared to Robo1-/- mice. The axons of the CC are displaced rostrocaudally in both Slit2-/- and Robo1-/- mice. In Robo1-/- mice only the pre-crossing axons are affected while in Slit2-/- mice both the pre-crossing as well as post-crossing axons are affected. These results suggest a possible role for Slit in the development of the telencephalic midline, where it is first involved in the proper positioning and development of the midline glial populations and then acts as an axon guidance molecule for the crossing of callosal axons to their homotypic targets in the contralateral hemisphere.


A path analysis model of burn out is proposed and applied to data from survey with the staff of institutions for mentally retarded people. The subjects of the survey were 596 staff who were directly responsible for the care of mentally retarded people at 32 institutions (both inpatient and outpatient institutions) for the mentally retarded in Hokkaido which had been in operation for more than 3 years. The items surveyed were general attributes of the subjects (sex, age, martial status), working conditions (number of days on duty per month, number of general and special bathing duties per week), burn out, coping, and stress. The results of analysis were as follows: 1) The age of the subject which is both a general attribute as well as a stressor, the number of days on duty per month, and the number of special bathing duties per week affected the positive and negative stress which are secondary factors, 2) The secondary factors determined the ways of coping in terms of problem solving, emotional adjustment and avoidance (problem-forcused forms of coping, emotional-forcused forms of coping, avoidance coping), 3) These ways of coping determined burn out, and 4) Positive and negative stress, which are secondary factors, strongly determined burn out. The importance of investigating direct and indirect effects of variables via path analysis is discussed.


The life expectancy of the population has increased and improved over the years due to the quality of living conditions, housing and health. However, it is understandable that the elderly are susceptible to multiple diseases due to a variety of factors. It is known that due to the high prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases, the use of drugs has increased significantly, accompanied by higher incidences of polypharmacy. Therefore, pharmaceutical care in elderly and polydrug populations is extremely important for monitoring, not only to promote the rational use of drugs, but also to provide better adherence to treatment and, consequently, better clinical and economic results. In this way, the present research is an integrative review to analyze evidence in the literature regarding the role of the clinical pharmacist in pharmaceutical care, as well as their interventions and the impacts caused on polymedicated elderly. For this, data collection was carried out from secondary sources, through a bibliographic survey in national and international databases. 834 articles were found, and only 20 studies were used for the present research. The results obtained in this study can demonstrate that the performance of pharmaceutical care and its intervention in geriatric and polymedicated patients can adjust doses, reduce drug interactions and reduce costs, in addition to improving the quality of life of these patients.


The present invention relates to: an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding shRNA for allowing the RNA interference (RNAi) of glucoamylase expression; a recombinant microorganism into which the expression vector and a gene encoding a target protein are introduced; and a method for manufacturing a target protein using the microorganism. Through the present invention, the expression of the target protein can be increased in the conditions where glucoamylase is inhibited through the RNAi mechanism, without removing genes by substitution, in Aspergillus niger , and thus an industrially useful target protein can be mass-produced. In addition, a target protein can be produced in the conditions where only glucoamylase gene is silenced, without removing particular genes that may influence the expression of the target protein.


Aminopeptidase N (EC 126.96.36.199) from human small intestinal mucosa was purified in homogeneous form. The enzyme was solubilized from membrane fraction using trypsin. Purification procedures included Blue Sepharose CL-6B, DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite column chromatographies and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The final recovery of the enzyme from the membrane fraction was 27.7 %. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 234,000 by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. that the was a molecular purified enzyme a specific activity of ,umol/min/mg protein.


T HE Palouse region of the Columbia Basin is an area of rolling loessial hills which differs conspicuously from the mountains and basaltic scablands which surround it. Within the Palouse, however, there are major topographic differences. The northeastern part is an area of stream-dissected topography in a mature stage of erosional development, and the drainage pattern is characteristically dendritic. In the southwest, by contrast, topography is markedly aligned, with a system of linear hills and valleys trending approximately N. 300 E. with great regularity (Figs. 1 and 2). The purpose of this paper is to explain the origin of the linear topography, and to provide reasons for its geographic distribution. The area of aligned topography totals about two thousand square miles and comprises almost half of the Palouse. Boundaries of the area are usually indistinct, especially to the northeast where the pattern of parallel ridges and valleys grades into the dendritic pattern which characterizes theremainder of the Palouse. The area is fragmented by large stream valleys and scabland channels, but lineation is a dominant feature of the landscape throughout large tracts, with the trend of alignment maintaining a constant and uniform direction. Taken as a whole, the linear area of the southwestern Palouse forms a discrete and unmistakable topographic entity, despite its discontinuity and vaguely defined boundaries. The dimensions of individual hills vary considerably from one to another but rarely go beyond certain upper limits. Few of the ridges are more than three hundred feet from


The essence of developing a marketing strategy for a company is to ensure that the company's capabilities are matched to the competitive market environment in which it operates, not just for today but into the foreseeable future. For a commercial organisation this means ensuring that its resources and capabilities match the needs and requirements of the markets in which it operates. For a non-commercial organisation, such as a charity or a public utility, it means achieving a fit between its abilities to serve and the requirements of the publics or causes it is seeking to serve. At the heart of strategy lies a need to assess critically both the organisation's resource profile (often referred to as its strengths and weaknesses) and the environment it faces (its opportunities and threats). Strategic planning attempts to answer three basic questions:


With most VLSI design companies now being fabless it is imperative to develop methods to protect their Intellectual Property (IP). One approach that has become very popular due to its relative simplicity and practicality is logic locking. One of the problems with traditional locking mechanisms is that the locking circuitry is built into the netlist that the VLSI design company delivers to the foundry which has now access to the entire design including the locking mechanism. This implies that they could potentially tamper with this circuitry or reverse engineer it to obtain the locking key. One relatively new approach that has been coined logic locking through omission, or hardware redaction, maps a portion of the design to an embedded FPGA (eFPGA). The bitstream of the eFPGA now acts as the locking key. This new approach has been shown to be more secure as the foundry has no access to the bitstream during the manufacturing stage. The obvious drawbacks are the increase in design complexity and the area and performance overheads associated with the eFPGA. In this work we propose, to the best of our knowledge, the first attack on these type of new locking mechanisms by substituting the exact logic mapped onto the eFPGA by a synthesizable predictive model that replicates the behavior of the exact logic. We show that this approach is applicable in the context of approximate computing where hardware accelerators tolerate certain degree of errors at their outputs. Experimental results show that our proposed approach is very effective finding suitable predictive models while simultaneously reducing the overall power consumption.


In recent years, scholars, business practitioners and consultants frequently talk about building the networked enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to examine the connections between networked enterprises, organizational legitimacy and organizational performance.,A survey was developed that measured the following aspects of a networked enterprise: employees who network and communicate extensively via internal digital platforms across their organizations; leaders who actively use internal digital platforms to communicate with employees; leaders who actively communicate with stakeholders via external digital platforms; and an innovation culture. The survey measured the following forms of legitimacy judgments: moral; instrumental; and relational. Altogether, 501 executives and managers were surveyed (207 executives, 147 senior managers and 147 managers) in mid-to-large sized (over 500 employees) companies.,The analyses showed strong statistical significance for nearly all relationships. Internal communication on digital platforms, networked employee communication and an innovation culture all contributed to moral, instrumental and relational legitimacy. Leadership communication on external digital platforms (social media) was not a significant contributor to moral or relational legitimacy but was a significant contributor to instrumental legitimacy. Higher organization legitimacy was correlated with higher profit growth.,Leaders and communicators should prioritize a networked enterprise in several ways. They should actively communicate with employees on internal digital platforms. To be absent on internal digital platforms is a significant missed opportunity by leaders to build organizational legitimacy. Further, leaders and communicators should actively promote networked communication among employees as much as possible. Finally, leaders and communicators should communicate, model and reward an innovation culture.,There are no known scholarly studies that accomplish the following: empirically examine a model of networked enterprises comprised of vertical and horizontal communication and an innovation culture; and make connections between leadership communication on digital platforms in networked enterprises with legitimacy judgments. The large sample of contemporary executives and managers bolsters the strength of the findings.


Based on engineering example, the preliminary to the reverse osmosis system design has been made. According to the design feature of the pure water treatment system for manufacturing the high quality fluorescent powder, especially the pre_treatment and the main part of the reverse osmosis equipment of the system has been analyzed.


The article substantiates that the modern social system, the dynamism and specificity of which are due to the intensive development of information technology and network communications, has dramatically changed the nature of conflict resolution and warfare. It is shown that, in essence, network warfare is reduced to a special form of conflict, when their participants use network forms of organization, doctrine, strategy and technology that are best adapted to the current stage of development of the information society. It turns out that one of the goals of the impact of network wars on society is the destruction of the meaning unity of the world and man, in connection with which the basic values of the people and the state, national, religious and cultural identity are destroyed. The dialectical interrelation of network wars with information and information-psychological wars is shown.


Controversy surrounds the CIA's "enhanced interrogation" techniques that could be considered torture. Replicating previous studies, 1) sentiment toward torture was moderately supportive yet divided and 2) there was a positive relationship between belief that techniques are effective and belief they are justified. Supporting our hypotheses, general just world beliefs, religious fundamentalism, and moral disengagement negatively related to considering various techniques as torture and positively related to beliefs about effectiveness and justification of torture. Religious devotionalism positively related only to considering various techniques as torture, partially supporting hypotheses. Relationships between IVs (e.g., fundamentalism) and DVs (i.e., sentiment toward torture) were mediated by moral disengagement. This helps explain cognitive processes that underlie sentiment. Finally, the moral disengagement scale we developed had good reliability and predictive ability.


Background: Cardiorespiratory transfusion reactions drive most transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. Transfusion-associated circulatory overload and transfusion-related acute lung injury have established causes, important impacts, mitigation options, and revised definitions, while non-conforming CRTRs fall into a category known as transfusion-associated dyspnea. Though procedures to investigate high-risk febrile transfusion reactions are typically rooted in detecting incompatibility or bacterial contamination, a common standard for examining CRTRs is lacking. CRTRs are further challenged by charting limitations, confounding (or enhanced susceptibility) by comorbidities, and/or overlapping insults. Deeper profiling of CRTRs could improve categorizations, reveal best-value diagnostics, and decipher the nature of (and/or minimize) reactions coded as TAD.
Methods: The primary objective of this multi-center study is to reduce uncertainty in final conclusions drawn on CRTRs (cases), defined by dyspnea with objective disturbances and/or significant hemodynamic insults, with/without fever (±F). HRFTRs (controls) represent higher-grade F (T≥39°C or chills/rigors or lower-grade F (≥38°C by +Δ1°C) with non-respiratory effects). Patients (goal: 200) consent to additional sampling (≤24h post-TR) to identify contributing factors in case/control presentations, and in diagnostic groups (TRALI, TACO±F, TAD). Mechanistic axes of interest are cardiorenal, hemolytic, leukoagglutinating, biolipid, vasoactive, and inflammatory. Secondary goals include elucidation of real-life "insult-multiplicity" in CRTRs, tests of greatest yield, and distinguishing features in TRALI/TACO/TAD.
Conclusions: A deep systematic CRTR probe may not only reduce diagnostic uncertainty but frame biomarker performance and pathologic signatures in definition-specific CRTRs. The re-classifiability or biology of TAD may be better understood. High-quality, mechanistic, true-to-quantity hemovigilance better exposes burdens and management options.
Trial Registration: The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. with registry number NCT04267029.


Diatom biostratigraphies are recorded in close stratigraphical intervals from two sites in Roudsea Wood, northwest England. These diatom sequences are used to reconstruct sediment surface elevation which is then compared with the mid and late-Holocene sea-level history of the region. Four new sea-level index points are added to the sea-level data base for the region and the sea-level history is subjectively divided into three time periods for discussions. The established model of sediment surface elevation for Roudsea Wood suggests that the sedimentary responses to the changing sea level have varied through time and appeared as site-dependent. In Roudsea Wood Valley, a site sheltered from the estuary, the sedimentary equilibrium was not reached until the end of the first period around 6200 yr BP, coincided with the development of a sand barrier across the mouth of the valley. In Roudsea Marsh, a site opened to the estuary, the sedimentary equilibrium was reached as late as the end of the second period around 4200 yr BP. The rises in relative sea level during the final period only caused small landward shift in marsh zones and sandbank development. Together with the sea-level tendency and timealtitude models, the sediment surface model supported by high-resolution biostratigraphical data help enhance the understanding of the history of regional coastal evolution. This study concludes that the major input of sediments into the site occurred during the mid-Holocene.


Combining with natural geographical environment on sides of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway,the thesis proposed the basis and target of its afforested design and combined the afforested design with the following protecting engineering: railway foundation,bridge,tunnel and station zone,it gave out suggestions to the quality control of landscape engineering,so as to enhance the engineering afforested protection,to control soil erosion,to lighten the damage to ecology,to ensure travelers get comfortable visual enjoys.


Abstract THERE has been no recent comprehensive work on the problem of the time element in egg formation in the domestic hen. A series of papers by Pearl and Curtis (1909–12) form a basis for most of our textbook material on the subject. Patterson (1910) also made some investigations in this field. Riddle (1923) studied the phenomenon in the pigeon, but the laying habits of the pigeon and the hen differ so widely that his results are only partially applicable to the hen. Since the early work on the hen, considerable new information has been secured which makes possible a much more critical study of the problem. MATERIAL AND METHODS White Leghorn females in their first or second year of production were used in this study. In practically all cases the intercepted egg was the second egg of the clutch. The female was killed or anesthetized at varying intervals following . . .


The time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH) mode of the standard IEEE 802.15.4 provides medium access control for most low-power and lossy network (LLN) applications in the Internet of Things. TSCH creates a synchronized mesh network capable of delivering data packets in a reliable and timely manner. The standard defines a scan mechanism to allow nodes to detect the presence of a TSCH network and to associate to it. However, the time required to do so can be long, which causes excessive energy consumption, as nodes that are trying to associate stay awake during this process. In this paper, we present a rendezvous-based algorithm for TSCH association called PRV-TSCH that significantly reduces the time required for going through this process. The algorithm uses the principle of parallel rendezvous to allow nodes to associate to a TSCH network in a very short time. The interaction between the IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLNs and the time to associate to the TSCH network is also studied. The results of extensive simulation experiments and a mathematical model demonstrate that PRV-TSCH outperforms the purely passive scan proposed by the standard in terms of the time and energy required to associate to a TSCH network.


Hyperspectral remote sensing has become one of the research frontiers in ground object identification and classification. On the basis of reviewing the application of hyperspectral remote sensing in identification and classification of ground objects at home and abroad. The research results of identification and classification of forest tree species, grassland and urban land features were summarized. Then the researches of classification methods were summarized. Finally the prospects of hyperspectral remote sensing in ground object identification and classification were prospected.


Violent behaviors by adolescents become social problems increasing from
year to year, also in Yogyakarta. To overcome this problem, it needs strategy
based on the ecology, through peace education because only through education
people can change his mindset.
This study aims to analyze how non-governmental agencies doing peace
education and how it affects, also examines how peace education can be an
alternative to form a non-aggressive behavior in adolescents. By using qualitative
methods, through interviews and observations, this research is done in 2
institutions, Sahabat Gloria (SG) and Anak Wayang Indonesia (AWI). SG
conducts a character-based multicultural education through a collaboration with
school. AWI makes a peace program for teenagers in the crowd village in
Yogyakarta city, river side of Code, with the media arts and involving parents and
village communities.
Effect of peace education for adolescents analyze from institutions and
adolescents themselves. For institutions, the influence of the atmosphere impact
and for adolescents, they are able to mediate and think critically about prejudice.
Effective peace education program then analyzed based on the process and what is
done by both institututions meet all aspects of the analysis process.
Peace education is carried out by non-governmental institutions have
positive influence to form non-aggressive behavior. Based on the analysis, it
contains three aspects, peace education materials, the process, and the role of
facilitators. In addition, the adolescents themselves and support system of friends,
parents, schools, and society, became another important aspect to form a nonaggressive
behavior in adolescents.


The study aimed to research the Saudi model of enrichment, by using Systematic Literature Review method as a tool in reviewing previous researches. This led to identify the most important studies' results in the Oasis Enrichment Model published during the period 2004-2022. The theoretical framework of the study was divided into four sections, and by reviewing these researches based on specific principles around 60 studies were kept. The study concluded the following results: (1) The Oasis Enrichment Model of gifted students by Dr. Al-Joghiman brought about a change in the study of giftedness, educating, and caring about gifted. (2) Enrichment programs based on the Oasis Enrichment model have significant positive effects. (3) It provides the researchers in the Arab world with a number of studies that demonstrate the impact of the enrichment programs on the gifted student.


Several types of singularities which threaten the integrity of numerical solutions occur in potential flow problems. The singularity at the tip of a cutoff wall is strong and cannot be mistreated without unsatisfactory results. Special elements can be used to represent the analytical behavior of the potential and its derivatives. For the flow around a corner of less severity than the sheet pile the use of special elements becomes less important. The intersection between zones of an inhomogeneous aquifer represents a singularity which is similar to the cutoff wall. The interzonal singularity is weak for nonextreme differences in permeabilities and in such a case it can be ignored without a significant effect on the total solution if the numerical discretization is sufficiently fine. The presence of wells in a potential flow field produces a logarithmic singularity which can be modeled by using superposition of the analytic solution for a source in the neighborhood of the well.


On August 22, 2012 the Russian Federation joined the World Trade Organization and became its 156th member. Long before singing the protocol to the Marrakesh Agreement the country's public opinion had split into the WTO supporters and their oppositionists. In the modern economics papers the Russian researchers have analyzed the consequences of the impact on the Russian industry brought by Russia's entering the WTO, without taking into consideration the retail sector that corresponds to one third of the country's GDP. In this work the authgor has carried out PEST-analysis of the factors that influence the Russian retail sector after Russia's entering the WTO. A brief description and assessment of these factors have beend one. The positive and negative consequences at the retail market after Russia'sjoining the WTO have been revealed as a result of the influence of the studied factors.


The challenge of managing platforms has recently gained widespread attention. Even though there are various concepts focusing on building, managing, and sustaining platform ecosystems, the question of how to capitalize on a platform from the perspective of a focal firm—the platform leverage—remains an unexplored area. This study proposes the notion of partial compatibility as a novel mechanism of platform leverage. Partial compatibility consists of intra-platform envelopment by complementors and platform involvement of end users by connecting with the different platforms owned by complementors. The complementors maintain semi-compatibility to the widely diffused install base of the creator's leading platform, but end users are bound to the followers' platform. We argue that partial compatibility enables the follower to establish a sustainable competitive advantage following a winner-takes-all strategy, even though the install base might be smaller. We investigate the case of the FeliCa-based contactless integrated circuit payment system in Japan. Our empirical analysis is based on a longitudinal historical dataset from 1988 to 2015 and interviews with 29 executives involved in the ecosystem. We contribute to the platform literature by highlighting a dynamic functional mechanism resulting from partial compatibility as a rational strategic choice for achieving platform leverage.


Abstract Government regulations through import licensing and "seasonal calendars" entail large transaction costs for traders operating in the fruit and vegetable wholesale market in Oman. Monitoring and enforcing these market regulations increase search costs and reduce market efficiency. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology to categorize and measure transactions costs by analyzing traders perceptions and attitude toward regulatory measures, and other market activities. Results show that importers operating at Al-Mawaleh market face the highest level of transaction costs. The changing nature of import calendar as well as the import license procedure represents significant elements of uncertainty that rise the importers' search and monitoring costs. It is suggested that the conversion of these non-tariff barriers into tariffs along WTO rules would reduce market uncertainty and increase market efficiency.


Serving to educate,an important part of university professionals development,is embodied in the sevice and management which are based on the features of students in the sports universities.With beautiful environment,unselfish dedication,Good work ethics and sevice,most logistic staff have a subtle influence on educating the students during the sevice and management.


I Levels of aggressive behaviour among children and young people appear to have been rising over the years. Stephanie Thornton asks what the reasons are behind this rise


Road construction takes a heavy toll on the environment. Therefore, innovative strategies to improve the environmental performances of this sector are needed, and the use of recycled materials (e.g., plastic) has been recently pursued to achieve this goal. The present work aims to (i) assess the environmental benefits deriving from the use of recycled hard plastics in combination with graphene to generate a new bitumen modifier and related asphalt mixture (AM) formulations (ii) to compare the performance of the bitumen modified using this new modifier with the bitumen modified using a traditional polymer (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene, SBS) and the non-modified bitumen. A detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study was performed according to a cradle-to-cradle approach. Different scenarios were compared, including the variability of the pavement's layers thickness and the amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement during the road maintenance cycles. The results demonstrated that the addition of the innovative modifier enhanced the structural performance of AMs, which turns into pavement extended durability, reduced maintenance cycles as well as into reduction in raw material use. The innovative asphalt modifier also creates a synergistic effect by offering a valuable alternative to hard plastic incineration by using it as a secondary raw material. This analysis allowed us to indicate the new-modified AM as the solution with the least environmental burden in all impact categories, suggesting its significant role in implementing new strategies to improve the environmental sustainability of road pavements.


The piezoelectric properties of compositional spread (1 − x)BiFeO3-xGaFeO3 epitaxial thin films are investigated where Ga3+ substitution for Bi3+ is attempted in Bi1−xGaxFeO3 compounds. Ga content x was varied from 0 to 12% (atomic). Ferroelectric characterizations are reported at various length scales. Around 6.5% of Ga content, an enhancement of the effective piezoelectric coefficient d33eff is observed together with a change of symmetry of the film. Measured d33eff values in 135 nm thick films increased from 25 pm/V for undoped BiFeO3 to 55 pm/V for 6.5% Ga with no extrinsic contribution from ferroelastic domain rearrangement.


According to the design requirements of the stiffness of rubber-tyred vehicle,perform kinematics analysis on master mould in ADAMS and then solve it by HyperWorks software.In terms of the optimization results,the thickness of main frame steel plate is reduced and several strengthening ribs are furnished to the initial structure.Through dynamic or static analysis of the new model in ANSYS,the result indicates that the whole stiffness of the frame has been improved,which reflects the important theoretical significance and practical application value of the topology optimization method during initial design of automobile parts.


LA and PV Anatomy in Patients With AF. Introduction: Although transcatheter atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation requires accurate anatomic knowledge, pulmonary vein (PV) anatomy has not been fully investigated. Aim of this study is to describe left atrium (LA) and PV anatomy by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in a large cohort of patients with AF.


Electromagnetising of water and using it in various field is not a new concept. It has been done in agriculture, dairy, health care industries etc. But in the past few years owing to unpredictable rainfall there is a serious shortage of water. Also about 75% of the water available is hard water. Because of unavailability of water for construction practices, there is a serious need to use alternative water resources. This paper investigates whether different sources of water other than potable water can be used for construction works. Concrete mix for bore well water as well as electromagnetised bore well water were prepared and an another set of concrete mix of same proportion were prepared of the water flowing out of the STP and the electromagnetic water flowing out of the STP. Compressive strength tests conducted on the electromagnetic samples were very encouraging and can be used for replacing potable water.


Precise quantification of biotherapeutic protein is essential to many of the downstream applications involving protein studies. In the present study, we evaluated Lowry, Bradford and Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay to quantify granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated GCSF. Although these assays could be used for quantification of GCSF and PEGylated GCSF the differences in protein concentrations were observed depending on the use of standard curve for extrapolation. Recovery percentage (%) was calculated by considering 100 times the ratio of observed concentration to true concentration. Lower recovery % for GCSF and PEGylated GCSF was observed when Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was used as standard for extrapolation of protein concentrations. Recovery % of GCSF and PEGylated GCSF was more precise when standard curve derived from GCSF and PEG-GCSF was used, respectively. Overall the results suggest that using standard curve derived from pure target protein that are more similar to samples provide more appropriate concentrations in colorimetric protein assays.