Abstract Introduction The transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from a contaminated environment into the food chain is a serious consumer safety problem. As part of the Polish National Surveillance Program of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in food of animal origin, a concentration of PCDD/Fs of 4.61 ± 0.75 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat was determined in a sample of free-range eggs, which exceeded the permitted limit of 2.5 pg WHO-TEQ/g. The aim of the study was to investigate the source of the egg contamination and the risk for the eggs' consumers. Materials and methods Eggs, muscles, feed and soil from the place where backyard waste burning had been carried out in the past and ash from a household stove tipped onto the paddock were analysed using the isotope dilution technique with high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results The concentration in ash was low at 0.20 pg WHO-TEQ/g and the congener profile did not indicate the source of contamination. The dioxin content in soil from the backyard waste-burning site was 2.53 pg WHO-TEQ/g dry matter (d.m.) and the soil's profile of PCDD/F congeners matched the profile of the contaminated eggs. Conclusion By reason of the congener profile similarity, the investigation concluded, that the cause of the contamination was the backyard waste-burning site soil which the animals had access to. Frequent consumption of contaminated eggs from the analysed farm could pose a health risk due to chronic exposure, especially for vulnerable consumers.


The Walsh functions are used to obtain the space dependent thermal conductivity in one dimensional time dependent heat conduction medium. Although it is necessary to measure the temperatures in interior points, the Walsh reveals the real values without any numerical constraints. The proposed algorithm is quite different from other algorithms in that it is one-directional, that is, no iteration is necessary, and is numerically stable regardless of the functional characteristics of the thermal conductivity. This permits the estimation of yjermal conductivity when the medium consists of different materials.


Thepaper presents a new Electric Arc Furnace(E. A. F.)control method compensated byneural network predicting, and introduces the entire structure and realizing technique of the system. The neural network is used here to predict the state of E. A. F., then to control an actual furnace by compensating the outputting of the PID controller. The system can adjust related parameters to suit the variations in load and external interference, which has yielded satisfied control quality.


Finding an appropriate way to improve the investment comprehensive benefits for on-line monitoring is a new issue for power industry. In this paper, a priority assessment model for transformer on-line monitoring is proposed. The assessment model consists of device level and system level. The device level is divided into property assessment and operation assessment. The details of various assessment methods were described in the following sections, including device property assessment based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP), operation condition assessment method based on condition assessment technology and system level assessment method based on risk benefits index. An actual grid is utilized to validate the model and the numerical results illustrate that: the proposed assessment model can provide an appropriate on-line monitoring investment order for transformers. It also verifies that considering multiple aspects related to the target problem could give a more comprehensive assessment result than just considering just one or two of them. This paper provides a feasible solution to achieve more investment benefits for transformer online monitoring, which can provide on-line monitoring investment references for power industry.


The alkylsulfatase AtsK is one of several proteins
 expressed by Pseudomonas putida under sulfate
 starvation, which enable the organism to use various
 organic sulfonates and sulfate esters as a sulfur
 source. AtsK liberates sulfate and the corresponding
 aldehyde from aliphatic sulfate esters. The enzyme
 requires iron(II) and alpha-ketoglutaric acid for
 catalysis. This co-substrate is transformed into
 succinate and carbon dioxide, thus the enzyme belongs
 to the family of non-heme-Fe(II)-alpha-ketoglutarate
 dependent dioxygenases. The thesis describes the
 crystal structures of various AtsK-ligand complexes and
 the characterization of the iron centre in the
 Fe(II)-alpha-ketoglutarate-AtsK complex via X-ray
 absorption spectroscopy. Combination of these results
 with structural and spectroscopical data available for
 other Fe(II)-alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenases
 allows to formulate a catalytic mechanism for AtsK,
 which is discussed by means of characteristics common
 for the whole enzyme family. Some
 Fe(II)-alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenases are
 known to oxidize the co-substrate in the absence of the
 substrate. Concomitant with this uncoupled co-substrate
 oxidation, reactive radical species are formed.
 Tyrosine side chains could be shown to act as
 scavengers for these species and protect the organism
 from severe damage. The structure of AtsK in complex
 with Fe(II) and succinate gives evidence that AtsK
 possesses the same type of mechanism for self
 protection. Furthermore, the crystal structure of AtsK
 in complex with different organic sulfur compounds
 shows the binding mode for aliphatic sulfonates in the
 active site to be identical to the one for sulfate
 esters. The conclusion that the latter are substrates
 of AtsK as well could be confirmed by activity
 assays.


Over the last five decades the Toyota Production System (TPS) has evolved from an advanced sociotechnical concept in manufacturing to a participative design for large-scale change management. Toyota has been able to sustain a strategic competitive advantage by applying TPS as a process innovation and intervention, as measured by quality, reliability, productivity, cost reduction, sales and market share growth, and market capitalization. Many organizations are trying to replicate Toyota's success with TPS in their respective business/industry environments. It could be argued that the correlation between the application of TPS as part of organizational strategy and Toyota's documented success in achieving the aforementioned outcomes creates an "industrial engineering paradigm" or "social change intervention" that crosses multiple industries. In this light, TPS can be a powerful intervention technique, even in industries unaccustomed to advanced production techniques such as the healthcare industry. Because the healthcare industry is under enormous pressure to reduce costs, increase reliability and quality, and enhance organizational effectiveness, TPS-like interventions are significant to healthcare organizations. This article captures the process of applying TPS to a healthcare organization. It analyzes the challenges, problems, and outcomes, and addresses remedies for enhancing the success of TPS implementation.


The mechanical behavior and fracture characteristics of simultaneously tensile loaded and laser heated Ti6Al4V alloy are investigated. Aiming at a comprehensive damage evolution and failure properties, a wide range of laser power densities and preload levels are considered. Stress-strain flow curve, temperature evolution, deformation degree and type, and corresponding mechanisms are explored in detail. The presented results demonstrate that temperature has a significant effect on the flow behavior of the material. The strength of the material and resistance to plastic flow decreased rapidly with the increase of laser power density. The remarkable reduction in failure time with the increase of either laser power density or preload is found. However, for higher preloaded states, there is the relatively smaller impact of laser power density on failure time. The metallographic analysis revealed that fracture characterizing features for Ti6Al4V alloy mainly comprises on micro-void nucleation, growth, and coalescence. Most of the fracture surfaces exhibited dimples and veins which indicates a ductile failure mode. With the increase of laser power density, dimples rupture is the predominant failure mode. While with the increase of preloading value, relatively more in-depth deformation effects and melting features were observed. On a macroscopic level, specimens experienced fracture after following the necking phenomenon. Temperature evolution history during the specimen exposure to combined tensile load and laser heating is providing a variety of information like phase change and melting etc. In addition, temperature profiles depict superheating of exposed surfaces to a temperature level notably beyond the melting temperature of the Ti6Al4V material.


e16506 Background: Globalization of clinical trials has facilitated access to the latest medical interventions for patients and investigators from low- and middle-income countries (LMCs) but raises some ethical concerns. We explored the trends in participation of investigators from LMCs in phase III lung cancer trials during the past decade and trial characteristics when LMC investigators were involved. Methods: A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify all phase III lung cancer trials published in English from 1999-2008. Data on trial design, type of intervention, funding, representation of investigators from different economies, use of local ethics boards and the local relevance of the trial was abstracted from each article using a standardized form. Summary statistics were used to describe results while Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were used to identify trial characteristics associated with involvement of investigators from LMCs. Results: Among 173 lung cancer trials published between 1...


Speculative, parallel abstractions allow that, once a result is computed, the remaining (unnecessary) speculative computations can be safely stopped. However, it is difficult to know when it is saf ...


The result is a pro-auto bias, as both magazines and manufacturers had an obvious interest in overstating the importance and transformative potential of the automobile. We learn much more about the hopes and dreams of automobile aficionados than about the limits imposed on automobility by Brazil's climate, its uneven regional development, and its stark income inequality. Wolfe presents sufficient evidence to support the stories about automobilistic exploits and the growth of the automobile industry. The parts in which he attempts to link his stories to the broader narrative of Brazilian history have too few notes, however, and rather than support the claims made in the text with evidence they often cite additional readings that are only peripherally related. How does a note citing scholarship on NASCAR drivers, for example, support the assertion that Getulio Vargas was attracted to automobile racing? (p. 101, n42)


Two different approaches to study the interaction of light with the electronic tunneling in a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) will be discussed. If the surface of the semiconducting WSe2 is irradiated with visible light a surface photovoltage and a corresponding photocurrent can be observed. To investigate this effect the influence of light on the I‐V spectroscopy and the wavelength dependence of the photocurrent have been analyzed. The effect of the surface plasmons excited in a thin silver film on the tunneling process has been studied. The surface plasmons provide a very efficient coupling of the incoming light to the tunneling gap. The detection of the surface plasmons is due to the rectification of the optical ac‐field.


In this paper, we introduce the notion of (strong) harmonious number of a graph, and provide a necessary condition for a graph to have finite harmonious number. We also provide sufficient conditions for a graph to have infinite (strong) harmonious number. In addition, we examine the relations between (strong) harmonious numbers and other parameters that have previously been studied in the area of graph labelings. As applications of these, we determine the formulas for the (strong) harmonious numbers of some 2-regular graphs and all complete bipartite graphs, which lead us to formulas for other parameters of the same classes of graphs.


By administering a large amount of INAH, IHMS, INHG to the mice previously infected with INAH-10γ-resistant strain bacillus, the author obtained the following results: 1. In the macroscopic examinations at autopsy with respect to the effect of a large dose of INHA to the amount of 50 mg/kg given, although tubercles can be recognized, they are not so numerous, The decrement in the colonies in the tuberculous bacilli culture of the viscera proves to be as low as 1/10-1/20 the control, indicating a fairly good therapeutic effect of the drug. 2. The effect in the case given a large dose of 300 mg/kg IHMS or 500 mg/kg INHG does not differ so greatly from the administration of 50 mg/kg INAH. However, the fact that the mortality rate and the loss in average body weight are less than in the case given INAH seems to prove mild toxicity of these derivatives. 3. From the foregoing findings it is clear that a large dose of drugs in the INAH series adminstered to the mice previously infected with INAH-resistant strain bacillus is quite effective. 4. However, these results are quite inferior to those obtained in the case of the mice infected with INAH-susceptible strain bacillus. 5. As for the change in drug-resistance of tuberculous bacilli due to a large dose of drug, a rise in resistance was observed in a small portion of population, but on the whole no increase in the resistance could be recognized.


This study aims to determine the vitelogenesis activity by FSH hormone induction in the early stage of gonadal maturation. The treatament is a differences FSH dose with indicators of vitelogenesis activity were estradiol-17β levels in the blood, Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI). The study used a treatment A : Dose FSH at 1.0 ml/kg; B: Dose FSH at 1.25 ml/kg; C : Dose FSH at 1.5 ml/kg; control: nothing induction. The results showed that there was an effect of FSH dose on the estradiol 17β levels, HSI and GSI, there ongoing vitelogenesis activity. The trend of the GSI and HSI has a close correlation to levels of estradiol 17β, with the best dose of the hormone is 1.25 ml/kg resulting levels of esradiol 17β amounting to 63.35 pg / ml and the GSI and HSI are 3.45% and 1.48%. Furthermore, the best treatment successively resulted in increased levels of estradiol 17β, HSI and GSI in treatment C of 41.77 pg/ml, 1.48%, 3.24%; A : 28.01 pg / ml, 1.14 %, 3.42%;. FSH is suitable for reproductive domestication in Channa marulioides.


Enhancing the performance of distribution systems is crucial work for their operators. It involves the high necessity for reducing the power losses besides their related costs, enhancing the voltage profile, and minimizing the investment costs of allocated shunt capacitors. Uncertain power demand is also augmented to achieve reliable operation of distribution systems. To fulfill the previous techno-economic merits, this article proposes a multiobjective framework. In this line, a multiobjective salp swarm optimizer (MSSO) is developed. MSSO is characterized by its simplicity, good convergence, and high capability of driving the solutions toward true optimal Pareto front. The developed MSSO optimizes the technical and economical objective functions considering integer, discrete, and continuous natures of control variables. The proposed MSSO is successively tested on two Egyptian distribution networks. Significant merits are achieved with reduction of 20–25 k$/year in the total costs for single and multiobjective cases. In addition, it preserves the voltage deviations at very low levels compared with the flat value. The superiority and scalability of the proposed MSSO are satisfied for large-scale 118-node radial system. Best compromise solutions at acceptable convergence rates and competitive statistical indices are achieved.


The article considers the structure of creative competence in the context of the formation of the creative potential of a future engineer. The analysis of the phenomenon provided an opportunity to propose a structure of creative competence for students of a technical university, which includes motivational-axiological, cognitive, activity and reflective components, and determine the content of its components. The result of a scientific search was to clarify the essence of the concept of "creative competence" of the future activity of a technical university student as a complex personality education, covering the sphere of intelligence, emotions, moral values and acting on a fundamentally new, integrative level of transferring acquired competencies from one industry to another in order to either achieve a fundamentally new result of activity, or the implementation of activities at a fundamentally new qualitative level.


The aim of this research is to identify the transformative role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in transition economies (TEs). We investigated how ICT spending influences the socioeconomic and sociopolitical changes in TEs belonging to two regional groups (Central and Eastern European and Latin American) from 2004 to 2010. Moreover, we compare the effects of ICT in TEs to those in developed OECD countries. Our results show that while ICT spending is positively associated with overall economic freedom and job creation, it does not significantly improve the TEs' democratic values or mitigate their existing wealth inequality levels. The results also show that the impact of ICT spending on transition processes varies across regional groups. In addition, we confirm the different roles of ICTs in TEs and developed countries. These findings provide insights to future researchers on the role of ICT and its impact on societal changes (economic and political) in transition economies.


ABSTRACT This article examines documentary diary and essay films made in Israel/Palestine from 1973–2009, where windows play a central role as architectural elements, cinematic frames and embodiments of the relations between the private and public spheres. The films represent personal, artistic and political turning points: David Perlov's Diary, made in 1973–1977, began with the transformative event of the 1973 war, the film was a turning point in Israeli filmmaking which had until then consisted primarily of Zionist social realist documentaries and popular dramas; Michel Khleifi's Fertile Memory (1980), the director's feature documentary debut, it marked the beginning of a new period in Palestinian filmmaking, by its focus on personal rather than collective. The third example is Anat Even's Closure (2009), a camera positioned on a window reflects on death, loss and transformations in urban history. In all films, the window is both a physical and a symbolic space, mediating private and political, constituting a new material awareness of their interrelations, which is eliminated in contemporary technology based communication. The encounter between camera, window, and viewer reflects and facilitates the act of observing and engaging with conflicts, arguing that it is an opportunity for both self-reflection and political critique.


5. GOOD PRACTICE EMPHASIZES TIME ON TASK • Time plus energy equals learning There is no substitute for time on task. Learning to use one's time well is critical for students and professional ahke. Students need help nn learning effective time management Allocatung realustlc amounts of time means effective learning for students and effective teachnng for faculty. How an restitution defines time expectations for students, faculty and administrators, and other professional staff can establish the basis for h=gh performance for all. • I expect my students to complete their ass=gnments promptly. • I clearly communucate to my students the mlmmum amount of time they should spend preparing for class and working on assignments. • I help students set challenging goals for thenr own leamung. • I encourage students to prepare in advance for oral presentations. • I explain to my students the consequences of non-attendance • I meet with students who fall behind to discuss their study habits, schedules, and other commitments. • If students miss my class, I require them to make up lost work.


The current study aims to examine the reverse association between circular economy innovation (CEI) and digital sustainability (DS), as well as the dual mediation of government incentives (GI) among firms. Data was collected through a structured-questionnaire-based survey among financial institutions (banks, insurance, and financial companies) in Pakistan, Malaysia, and China. The study collected data via structured questionnaires in an online survey and analysed the data using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), to find results. The results revealed that CEI has a two-way relationship with the DS among firms in the defined context. Furthermore, the results confirmed the dual mediating role of GI between CEI and DS among firms. The outcomes can guide the policy makers to focus on the practices of CEI in the settings of the relevant state support schemes, to enhance the practices of DS among firms in emerging markets. The implications of the study are presented at the end of this study.


Some locally advanced tumors involving multiple abdominal organs without distal metastasis may cause digestive tract obstruction.Some of these patients can achieve long-term survival after Ro resection,others can obtain digestive tract obstruction relief,pain anesis and survival prolongation after R1 resection combined with postoperative comprehensive treatment.In this review,the efficacy of complex pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with organs resection was introduced based on reviewing the literatures.After the surgery,some patients achieved R0 resection and long-term survival,and the quality of life was significantly improved in some patients.

Key words:
Gastric neoplasms ;  Colonic neoplasms;  Biliary neoplasms;  Pancreaticoduodenectomy


${\mathrm{PuCoGa}}_{5}$ has emerged as a prototypical heavy-fermion superconductor, with its transition temperature (${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\simeq}18.5$ K) being the highest amongst such materials. Nonetheless, a clear description as to what drives the superconducting pairing is still lacking, rendered complicated by the notoriously intricate nature of plutonium's $5f$ valence electrons. Here, we present a detailed $^{69,71}\mathrm{Ga}$ nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) study of ${\mathrm{PuCoGa}}_{5}$, concentrating on the system's normal state properties near to ${T}_{c}$ and aiming to detect distinct signatures of possible pairing mechanisms. In particular, the quadrupole frequency and spin-lattice relaxation rate were measured for the two crystallographically inequivalent Ga sites and for both Ga isotopes, in the temperature range 1.6--300 K. No evidence of significant charge fluctuations is found from the NQR observables. On the contrary, the low-energy dynamics is dominated by anisotropic spin fluctuations with strong, nearly critical, in-plane character, which are effectively identical to the case of the sister compound ${\mathrm{PuCoIn}}_{5}$. These findings are discussed within the context of different theoretical proposals for the unconventional pairing mechanism in heavy-fermion superconductors.


A memo from Jack Davis, co-director of North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts, to Vicki Rosenberg, program officer at Getty Center for Education in the Arts, The memo is in regards to the idea of inviting M'Lou Bancroft, Executive Director of the Marcus Foundation and Carolyn Clark, a board members, to a dinner in October. Davis writes that for the Austin conference it would be a good idea to invite Melba Davis Whatley, the chair of the Marcus Foundation Board and her husband to one or more sessions.


As the supreme executive official of new China who was occupied with an ocean of state affairs, Zhou Enlai was still concerned with the people in Shaanxi who had made significant contributions to Chinese revolution. After the founding of the People's Republic, he made four inspecting tours to Shaanxi successively. Here he instructed about economic development and social advancement in the locality with the following outstanding thoughts of his: the key policy to manage Shaanxi well being to strengthen economic construction; the principle of "three helps" to be carried out to develop Shaanxi's economy; the best strategy to prosper Shaanxi being to afforest land and diversify economy; the distinctive advantage to accelerate Shaanxi's development being to carry forward the Yan'an Spirit; finally, one of the local specialities for Shaanxi's development being to protect and utilize the relics; and the critical point in developing Shaanxi's economy being to better the Party's leadership and perfect the administrative system


This paper discusses new techniques for obtaining high clock rates with complex n-blocks in True-Single-Phase dynamic latch structures. In this paper we present new dynamic current steering latch structures, and apply them to both CMOS and BiCMOS technologies. In the latter case, we exploit the superior properties of the available bipolar devices to achieve substantial speed increases. The latching technique allows complex n-FET blocks (fan-in between 10 and 20) to be used with the TSPC latch at high data rates (over 150 MHz for a 1.2 /spl mu/ CMOS process). The n-FET block is built as a minimized binary tree, which we have termed a switching tree, and interpreted as a general look-up table for use in a variety of bit-level systolic array processors.<<ETX>>


Abstract:Cuban writer Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda (1814–73) produced a number of texts that show clear Gothic characteristics as part of Hispanic Romanticism in the mid-nineteenth century. Utilizing La baronesa de Joux and Dolores, two of her tradiciones (traditions), which are stories or short novels with fantastic elements, I examine how Gómez de Avellaneda employs techniques and tropes associated with women's Gothic writing to communicate proto-feminist messages and to reveal the potential dangers of marriage and domesticity. The stories are set in medieval castles, incorporate features such as spirits, patriarchal violence, malaise, and incarceration and have not been previously analyzed using theoretical approaches associated with female Gothic writing popularized by critics such as Anne K. Mellor and Abigail Lee Six. Through these tradiciones with Gothic features, Gómez de Avellaneda details surprising events and questions societal norms for women's roles in matrimony.


TITHONIAN AMMONITE COQUINAS IN THE CZORSZTYN SUCCESSION AT KREMPACHOW IN THE PIENINY KLIPPEN BELT (CARPATHIANS)

Summary
Aside of the famous Tithonian ammonite coquinas exposed at Rogoźnik and Maruszyna (1, 6, 9), are known also some other localities where the similar rocks do occur in the Pieniny Klippen Belt. Such rocks have been reported from the Kramnica Klippe (8), but now are better accessible in the neighbouring Faśnymbrowe Klippes at Krempachy. The latter provide a good section in the small klippe presently studied by the authors (fig. 1). The coquinas attributed to the Rogoźnik Coquina Member (cf. 2) occur here above the nodular limestones and crinoid limestones of the Czorsztyn Limestone Formation. The ammonite fauna discovered in the coquinas includes i.a. Haploceras (Volanites) verruciferum (Menegh.), Semiformiceras cf. semiforme (Opp.) indicative of the semiforme Zone of the Middle Tithonian. The ammonite spectrum of the coquinas in the Faśnymbrowe Klippes (fig. 2) shows the dominance of the nektopelagic forms (Phyllocerataceae, Lytocerataceae and Haploceratidae), similarly as do the ammonite spectra for the Rogoźnik-Maruszyna area (4).


A cylinder placed in an air flow in a wind tunnel with a defined Reynolds Number (Re) can cause a tonal noise in the backlash area of the cylinder. This phenomenon can be recalculated with an appropriate CFD software package. Also, by placing virtual microphones in a simulation of the flow, it is possible to have information about the frequency domain of the pressure signals gained [1]. With suitable signal processing, the location of sound sources in the flow domain is possible and a MATLAB code was written to solve this particular task. Hence it is possible to process the microphone signals in a way that the beam patterns occur. This beam pattern consists of one main-beam in the middle for one sound source and smaller side-lobes beside it. This is called a directivity pattern and it points directly to the sound source. By this methodology, sound sources in flow simulations can be tracked. Additionally, it is important to mention that the mesh for the acoustical simulation must be discretised very finely in time and in space. Hence the biggest cell size in the ROI is 0.1 mm. In this case the ROI is chosen at the cylinder wall and in the backlash region of the cylinder, because a sound origin is located in these regions. In this paper, an insight to the MATLAB code is given with examples of feasibility of the location of sound sources. Also, in addition to this, the mathematical theory is shown to include the preventive steps required to realise the MATLAB code. 1 CFD – Computational Fluid Dynamics 2 ROI – Region of interest


The aim of this work is to assess the flexibility of production allowed by extensive production conditions faced with variations in the environment, i.e., market variations and climatic fluctuations, of Limousin beef systems. The study used a case-based methodology in which seven beef farms with less than 1 LU/ha were chosen. Data collection was based on three interviews using a semistructured questionnaire and on the analysis of productive and economic results over a 15-year period (1991-2005). The main evolution of these farms is related to a rise in work productivity associated with an increase in herd size. Herd increase was made possible by enlarging the area, the margin of intensification being limited in these regions. To take advantage of the enlarged land area, females were reared for fattening or for reproduction instead of selling them at weaning. The Limousin female provides a wide product mix because of its plasticity, as has been studied by several researchers. This mix flexibility is achieved by delaying product differentiation, a form of production flexibility that can reduce the risk of under-producing or over- producing varied product configurations. On the other hand, calves sold to the Italian market after weaning are generic products, associated with a flexible production process to overcome fluctuations in forage availability due to climatic variations. The introduction of maize silage for feeding acts as an alternative route, actual and potential, through the system to overcome unexpected forage shortage from natural grasslands as a result of droughts. The study shows that extensive farming systems have developed types of flexibility to match different factors of uncertainty from the environment. Finally, the issue of farm system performance is thus not so much a question of whether a farm is fit at a specific moment in time, but whether it transforms into a less or more sustainable orientation.


First, two-modes SU(2) coherent state of the cavity is prepared by a parametric frequency Conversion process. Second, a Λ-type three-level atom is injected in the cavity, leading to the interaction of the atoms and the cavity. Then the atom-cavity-field entanglement is created by atom-field Raman interaction between the atoms and the cavity field, and through the selective measurement of the atoms, the atom-field states collapse into odd or even SU(2) coherence states. Therefore, we can encode respectively the atomic levels and the odd and even coherence states into goal and control quantum bits and thus construct deterministically the like-control-not gate by use of the Raman interaction between the atoms and the fields.


Abstract Controversies and frictions related to Islam since the political ascendancy of the opposition coalition, Pakatan Rakyat, after the 8 March 2008 general elections have revealed multiple crises of identity not only in PAS (Islamic Party of Malaysia) and Pakatan Rakyat, but also in broader Malaysian society. It is argued that the pattern of frictions within PAS and Pakatan Rakyat has to do with the diminishing place of Muslim-Malay identity and interests in the avowedly multi-ethnic Pakatan Rakyat regime. It is suggested that these frictions are largely attributed to the distinctive character and emphasis of the Islamisation enterprises sponsored by the ruling regime under the United Malays National Organisation since the 1980s and growing Muslim anxiety and frustration about their position within the Malaysian polity.


Nurocombi is used as an insecticide in large-scale commercial agricultural applications as well as in consumer products for domestic purposes in India. The present research is to evaluate the effect of sub lethal concentration of nurocombi in biochemical changes of the fresh water crab, Paratelphusa jacquemontii after 0,7,14,21 and 28 days. The order of percentage in the concentrations of the TP, TC and TL in different tissues at the end of 28 DoE was found to be GL>TS>MU>HP>VD, GL>HP>MU>VD>TS and GL>MU>HP>TS>VD. Results of the present study revealed that sublethal doses of Nurocombi significantly alter the biochemical composition of various body tissues, particularly the TP levels in the MU tissues. The nurocombi bioaccumulation capacity of this species contributes to its suitability as a bioindicator for the presence of pollutants in aquatic systems.


We have developed a powerful new signaling protocol for highly dynamic optical networks that enables 100 ms setup time, efficient wavelength selection, and efficient wavelength converter usage on both working and shared restoration backup paths.


Ibn Khaldun has the view that education must be taught gradually and understand the students. Education will be very useful if it is delivered gradually, gradually and a little by little. The teacher must also understand the readiness and thinking power of students to accept the lessons that are conveyed to him. Ibn Khaldun also taught that in educating to avoid harsh treatment of students. The position of the teacher as a guide for their students. Education must be managed with a good and well-planned system and be able to provide personal skills to students. Ibn Khaldun wanted a balanced curriculum between the teachings of the Qur'an as a concept and a source of knowledge. A teacher in Ibn Khaldun's view must master the components that show the quality of teaching that will make it easier for teachers to improve the quality of their teaching. With this viewpoint, if it is implemented properly in Islamic education, Islamic education will experience very good and significant developments. The results of the research that has been done, the researchers found that there is a correlation between the concept of Ibn Khaldun's education with the development of Islamic education. There is a positive and significant relationship in the concept of Ibnu Khaldun's education with the development of Islamic education at the Modern Babussalam Pesantren Teluk Bakung with a regression line Y = 19.96 + 0.66 X. There is a significant correlation between Ibnu Khaldun's concept of education and the development of Islamic education in Islamic boarding schools. Modern Babussalam Teluk Bakung, Tanjung Pura Subdistrict, after a regression test was carried out with the product moment formula with a calculation result of 0.816 with a strong or high level of relationship.


Syntactic manipulations of diagrammatic representations have played a key role in accounting for efficacy of diagram use in reasoning. Currently, however, little attention has been paid to the cognitive role of diagrams in deductive reasoning with quantified constructions. The present study investigates the cognitive processes of syllogistic reasoning with diagrams, in focussing on the role of logic diagrams in verification and falsification processes.


Objective: The current study was guided by Nigrescence theory (Cross, 1971, 1991) and explored the phenomenon of racial awakening or epiphanic experiences of Black adults. We were interested in describing the context and perceived outcomes of the epiphanies in participants' understanding of what it means to be Black. Method: Sixty-four adults participated in racial life narrative interviews. There was an equivalent number of men and women who participated from 4 sites: Australia, Bermuda, South Africa, and the United States. Results: Findings from dimensional analysis highlight the turning points, triggers, and awakening or epiphanies in one's racial identity. Specifically, in this study racial awakening or increased awareness about the meaning of being Black was spurred by personal experiences and/or observations, education, and activism. Participants discussed increased racial activism, racial pride, and possible-selves after the process of racial awakening and continued exploration. Only 1 participant described disappointment and despair after a racial epiphany. Conclusions: Findings extend our understanding of the process in which people develop a sense of racial consciousness. Insights may help inform future researchers in terms of identifying racial awakening prototypic stories and counselors in terms of providing opportunities to assist individuals in the meaning-making process.


Yamagata et at. (1978) have recently made measurements on 40Ca giant resonance states using the 3He inelastic scattering reaction. It is shown here that the 3He spectrum obtained in coincidence with 0( particles leading to the 36 Ar ground state is similar in shape to the previously reported 36 Ar(O(, l'o)40Ca giant dipole resonance excitation function. The assignments of JX = 0+ and 3- (tentative) made to the 14·2 and 16·7 MeV states of 40Ca respectively are reconsidered. It is concluded that the (3He, 3He') data could be explained by assuming that the reaction proceeds through JX = 1 - giant dipole states.


The paper designed a semicircle dipole inner sensor for UHF partial discharge detection in GIS. By comparing the symmetric semicircle dipole sensor and asymmetric semicircle dipole sensor characteristics, the symmetric semicircle dipole sensor's coupling property is better than that of asymmetric semicircle dipole sensor. At the same time, by changing the symmetric semicircle dipole transducer radius, the position of the feeder pole , the height of the feeder pole, analyze its influence on sensor features.


Background: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by progressive lower limb weakness and spasticity. Among the 8 loci associated with the autosomal dominant uncomplicated HSP (AD-HSP), the spastin (SPG4) and atlastin (SPG3A) genes have been known to account for approximately 40% and 10% of all cases, respectively.


This work is partly the result of a study more extensive, an inquiry relevant to the need to incorporate other approaches epistemological in the investigative processes for undergraduate and postgraduate education, responding to the needs of the social sector and in articulation with the regulation of the academic regime of 2013. Thus, this work also suggests a division strategic research for teaching and scientific advancement of knowledge in the University.


Report discussing the effects of Mach number on the aerodynamic characteristics of an Allison powered single-engine pursuit airplane. Information about the lift, drag, pitching-moment characteristics, stability, tail effectiveness, and elevator effectiveness with Mach number is provided.


The changes of quality factor Q was studied using the single scattering attenuation model of Sato in Liaoning Haicheng-Xiuyan region from 1999 to 2007 and before and after the two strong earthquakes in 1999 Xiuyan Ms5.4 and in 2000 Xiuyan Ms5.1.The results show that: in the seismic active phase,Q value changes more ups and downs over time and maintains high average value.Before the main shock Xiuyan Ms5.4 Q value increased in the short-term and after reduced no apparently until the strong aftershock sequence was end gradually and stabilized.By comparing Q value in the seismic active and quiescence phase we can deduce that Q value changes before earthquake can be used in earthquake prediction for the future of the area.


Submitted for the MAR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Role of the defect core in energetics of vacancies in aluminum1 VIKRAM GAVINI, Department of Mechanical Engineering — Electronic structure calculations at macroscopic scales are employed to investigate the crucial role of a defect-core in the energetics of vacancies in aluminum. We find that vacancy coreenergy is significantly influenced by the state of deformation at the vacancy-core, especially volumetric strains. Insights from the core electronic structure and computed displacement fields show that this dependence on volumetric strains is closely related to the changing nature of the core-structure under volumetric deformations. These results are in sharp contrast to mechanics descriptions based on elastic interactions that often consider defect core-energies as an inconsequential constant. Upon studying the influence of various macroscopic deformations, which include volumetric, uniaxial, biaxial and shear deformations, on the formation energies of vacancies, we show that volumetric deformations play a dominant role in governing the energetics of these defects. Further, by plotting formation energies of vacancies and di-vacancies against the volumetric strain corresponding to any macroscopic deformation, we find that all variations in formation energies collapse on to a universal curve. Implications of these results in the context of dynamic failure in metals due to spalling are analyzed. 1Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant no. FA9550-09-1-0240. Vikram Gavini Department of Mechanical Engineering Date submitted: 16 Nov 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


This paper addresses a target-tracking method for a mobile robot with the purpose of resolving the occlusion problem. The approach is based on both color and disparity images acquired from a stereo camera. To improve the robustness of the method against occlusion, two new techniques are adopted. First, human candidates are detected based on measured 3D points. This allows the system to detect people who are partly occluded. Second, the occlusion-detection technique is used to carry out tracking procedures appropriate to occlusion states. According to the positional relationship between a target and persons/objects, three occlusion states are defined. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested through targettracking experiments in real-world environments. The experimental result is compared with our previous targettracking method, which is not equipped with any occlusion handling technique. The comparative robustness of the proposed method is demonstrated.


In India, downsizing is being achieved mainly through Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) and regulated recruitment. Whatever be the means to downsize the workforce, this trend is here to stay for some more years. Companies of all sizes i.e. big, medium and small are joining the  VRS bandwagon. Many companies which have already shed manpower by means of VRS are, in many cases, planning for more rounds of golden handshake. Public sector banks are not only exception to implementation  of VRS. After voluntary retirement, the retirees were engaged in some activities like agriculture, business, social service and they may be placed in private organisations. Some factors like place of work, gender, educational qualification, family size, annual income, bank which they worked and experience may influence them to enter into a particular occupation. This paper discusses level of satisfaction and current occupation of voluntary retirees.


The changes in black soil organic matter, total nitrogen and microbe characteristics were studied for a longterm fertilization experiment which has been on-going for 27 years. Results showed that the treatment of organic manure plus chemical fertilizer increased the content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen, while the no fertilizer treatment had the lowest contents. Soil pH declined under long-term chemical fertilizer and the addition of organic manure decreased pH slowly as well. The addition of chemical fertilizer increased the number of cellulose utilizing bacteria. The number of N utilizing microbes increased significantly under the addition of organic manure plus chemical fertilizer with the number of ammonifying bacteria being most affected.


Early detection of low blood oxygen levels may detect 'silent hypoxia' seen in some patients with COVID-19. But the American Lung Association advises against buying a pulse oximeter unnecessarily.


We present two schemes for joint remote preparation of an arbitrary four-qubit j\c{hi}i -type entangled state via three three- and (N+1)-qubit GHZ states as the quantum channel, respectively. In these schemes, two senders (or N senders) share the original state which they wish to help the receiver to remotely prepare. To complete the JRSP schemes, several novel sets of mutually orthogonal basis vectors are introduced. It is shown that, only if two senders (or N senders) collaborate with each other, and perform projective measurements under suitable measuring basis on their own qubits respectively, the receiver can reconstruct the original state by means of some appropriate unitary operations and suitable C-NOT gates. Compared with the previous schemes for the JRSP of four-qubit |\c{hi}>-type state, the advantages of the present schemes are that the total successful probability of JRSP can reach 1 and the entanglement resource can be reduced


Readers of this article may well regard it as old-fashioned and disappointing. It has no subtle and ingenious connections to make between Shakespeare and Machiavelli, indeed the opposite. No indisputable borrowing from Machiavelli has so far been discovered in Shakespeare – certainly nothing remotely resembling the clear and detailed use of Florio's translation of Montaigne in The Tempest – and I believe that scholars have been too ready to invoke Machiavelli's influence on seriously inadequate grounds. Until about the middle of the twentieth century Machiavelli was not a particularly important presence in scholarly discussions of Shakespeare. He hardly figures, for example, in the standard accounts of Shakespeare's sources by Kenneth Muir and Geoffrey Bullough. In Shakespeare's History Plays (1944), a book once regarded as authoritative, but now mentioned only to be patronizingly dismissed, E. M. W. Tillyard asserted that Machiavelli ignored what for the Elizabethans was a central issue in discussion of politics: Thoughtful Elizabethans agonised over the terrible gaps between the 'erected wit' and the 'infected will' of man and between the majestic harmony of an ideal state and the habitual chaos of the earthly polity. Machiavelli spared himself such agonisings by cutting out the 'erected wit' altogether, thereby making irrelevant the questions that most disturbed men's minds. Tillyard was of course aware that Machiavelli was read and quoted in the period, but for him 'the age, while making much use of certain details of his writing, either ignored or refused to face what the man fundamentally stood for'. He ended on a dismissive note: The conclusion is that in trying to picture how the ordinary educated contemporary of Shakespeare looked on history in the gross we do not need to give much heed to Machiavelli. His day had not yet come.


A case of benign pneumatosis in a child with myelogenous leukemia is reported.The occurrence of gas leakage in the chest and abdomen appear to be related to steroid therapy, rather than to the leukemic process.


Evaluation of: Ozawa D, Yagi H, Ban T et al.: Destruction of amyloid fibrils of a β2-microglobulin fragment by laser beam irradiation. J. Biol. Chem. 284(2), 1009–1017 (2009). In this study, the authors discovered that laser beam irradiation with thioflavin T could stop the extension of β2-microglobulin fibrils and even degrade preformed amyloid fibrils. These reactions require both thioflavin T and a laser beam at 442 nm; active oxygen plays an important role. This approach may be a new therapeutic strategy for destroying fibrils in dialysis-related amyloidosis as well as other types of amyloidosis or related disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.


This article is the result of the research which discuss about: 1). The influence of creativity toward students' Arabic achievement, 2). The influence of learning mo-tivation toward students' Arabic achievement, 3. The influence of creativity and learning motivation toward students' Arabic achievement at MA Al-Badar DDI Parepare. This research used quantitative approach with correlational design. The population of the research was all the students at MA Al-Badar DDI Parepare which consist of 112 with 55 samples. The instrument of research was question-naire. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistic. The re-sult of the research shows that 1) creativity has pocitive influence toward stu-dents' learning achievement in Arabic language; 2) motivation has positive influ-ence toward leaning achievement at arabic language; 3) creativity together with motivation influence positively toward students achievement in Arabic language at MA Al-Badar DDI Parepare.


The need for partial replacement of cement in concrete production has become inevitable because of adverse environmental impact of cement production, increasing cost of cement and financial benefits of utilization of waste products. This paper presents laboratory investigation of the properties of Olive Seed Ash (OSA) as partial replacement of cement in concrete. Concrete mix of 1:2:4 (Binder: Fine aggregate: Coarse Aggregate) and water-cement ratio of 0.44 were adopted in this study. Olive seed ash was used to replace cement at various levels of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by mass. Partial replacement of cement with OSA resulted in decrease in initial and final setting times of concrete but the values are still within acceptable limits. The results show that compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of the concrete decreased as the percentage of OSA increases. However, at 10% replacement level, the 28 days compressive strength achieved was 28N/mm2 and this value surpasses the minimum compressive strength of 25N/mm2 recognized by BS EN 1992-1-1 (2004) for reinforced concrete design. The results also showed that the water absorption decreased with increase in percentage replacement of cement with OSA portraying that replacement with olive seed ash has higher durability potentials. It is recommended that cement can be replaced with at least 10% OSA in concrete. This will reduce the cost of construction in addition to environmental advantage.


A gene linked to obesity may also have a hand in influencing appetite in children, according to the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism .


A reliability study of computer numerical control (CNC) lathes is described.The failure position and subsystem,failure mode and causes are analyzed to indicate the weak subsystem of a CNC lathe.Furthermore,the inherent and operational reliability of CNC lathe is analyzed in order to improve the reliability of CNC lathe.


The rigorous Method of Regularization is implemented for accurate analysis of wave scattering by rectangular cavity with finite flanges. The solution is free from limitations on problem parameters. The calculation of the induced surface current, bistatic radar cross section (RCS) and frequency dependence of monostatic RCS are performed with controlled accuracy in a wide frequency band.


The field experiments on cabbage crop using azotobacter, azospirillium and VAM were conducted at R.B.S. College, research farm Bichpuri, Agra Uttar Pradesh. The results proved that 4kg ha -1 dose of each bio-fertilizer resulted the maximum plant height, number of leaves plant -1 , diameter of stem, length of longest leaf, width of longest leaf and plant spread than other doses. The biofertilizer azospirillium enhanced significantly the growth and production and the same also increased the fresh weight of green leaves plant -1 to the extent of 25.85% and 15.24% over azotobactor and VAM, respectively. The azospirillium significantly enhanced the total production of trimmed head of cabbage to the extent of 7.06% than azotobacter. The 4 kg ha -1 dose of each bio-fertilizer showed significant favourable effect on production than 2 kg ha -1 dose of each bio-fertilizer and even than 6 kg ha -1 dose of azotobacter and azosprillium.


ABSTRACT The inter-salt shale of the Qianjiang Formation in Jianghan Basin is a typical and important continental saline lake shale oil system in China. To achieve a better understanding of the formation of the inter-salt organic-rich shale, the mineral, major and trace elements and organic geochemical characteristics (total organic carbon (TOC) and biomarkers) of the Eq34-10 shale (high TOC) and the Eq40-5 shale (low TOC) were studied. The results suggest that (a) the organic matter in the inter-salt shale was predominantly derived from endogenous lower aquatic organisms, algae and bacteria; (b) there was a hot arid palaeoclimate and a low degree of chemical weathering conditions during the deposition of the inter-salt shale; (c) the inter-salt shale deposited in an extreme restriction hyper-saline lacustrine and reducing environment, and the salinity of the palaeolake decreases with the increase of the input of terrigenous clastic materials; and (d) the inter-salt shale deposited under an arid and semi-arid climate condition with an intermittent warm and humid climate. In summary, lake palaeoproductivity under the control of palaeoclimate change is the key and direct factor controlling the development of inter-salt organic-rich shale of Qianjiang Formation in Jianghan Basin.


Objective To evaluate the surgical treatment of the fifth metatarsal base fracture using distal ulna locking compression hook plate (DULCHP).Methods From October 2011 to November 2012,17 patients with fracture of the fifth metatarsal base were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with DULCHP.They were 6 men and 11 women,aged from 22 to 72 years (mean,35.8 years).According to the Lawrence and Botte classification of anatomic zones,14 cases had fracture in zone Ⅰ and 3 in zone Ⅱ.An initial fracture displacement more than 2 mm and significant disruption of the cuboid-fifth metatarsal joint were involved in the avulsion fractures.Results Fifteen patients were followed up for an average of 28 weeks (range,from 24 to 64 weeks).No infection,screw breakage or reduction loss occurred in this series postoperatively.The mean time to complete union as determined by X-ray ranged from 70 to 118 days (mean,84 days).By the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot scale,the therapeutic efficacy scored 87.4 points on average (range,76 to 91 points).All patients reported returning to prior activities of daily living at a mean time of 104 days (range,91 to 137 days).Conclusion DULCHP fixation is an effective alternative surgical method for displaced fractures of the fifth metatarsal base at zones Ⅰ and Ⅱ,because its mini-hook tubular plate is so designed that the last hole can function as a hook for applying compression force,grasping comminuted fragments,and maintaining rotational stabilization of the metatarsal base fracture.

Key words:
Metatarsal bones;  Fracture, bone;  Fracture fixature, internal;  Bone plate


This chapter examines the limited growth of the local pharmaceutical sector in Tanzania, compared to Kenya. Tanzania, too, relied on a ration kits program funded by donors, but development agencies rejected suggestions for a local component for ration kits, and donors offered only limited support—in the form of raw materials—to state-owned pharmaceutical enterprises. Without a domestic component, the ration kits turned from a potential facilitator of local pharmaceutical production, as was the case in Kenya, into a factor undermining it. Limiting domestic opportunities in the context of a socialist economy further inhibited the emergence of privately owned pharmaceutical factories. Nevertheless, a number of private companies did open, and their trajectories again illustrate the role education and ties abroad could play in the creation of a private sector in a context in which technical skills were not available locally.


The dramatic development of Chinese economy has made great contribution to the social fortune boom and the great development of finance demand. Recently, fund has been universally recognized as a best way of allocating asset with all kinds of advantages. For investors, they focus on how to select the best fund in plenty of those which are optimal. In this article,we evaluate fund's performance and anticipate future tendency by using the index system and the maximum retreat analytic method, selecting the closing net value of Boshi theme industry,Jiashi-Hushen 300 and the Southern merit-based development fund from 1st Jan, 2014 to 4th Jun, 2015.


In this paper we introduce and study cause specific reversed hazard rates in the context of left censored lifetime data with multiple causes. Nonparametric inference procedure for left censored lifetime data with multiple causes using cause specific reversed hazard rate is discussed. Asymptotic properties of the estimators are studied. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the efficiency of the estimators. Further, the proposed method is applied to mice mortality data (Hoel 1972) and Australian twin data (Duffy et al. 1990).


Sustainable Development in Trinidad and Tobago: The Impact of the International Financial Institutions Alisa Clarke International Financial Institutions are major contributors to the matrix in which Trinidad and Tobago's development-related activities have evolved. By virtue of high levels of funding of state activities, and deep and pervasive requirements attached to such financing in the late 1980s and early 1990s, as traced throughout the paper, much of these organizations' interpretations of development goals and the means of achieving them, have found a parallel in the policies and practices of the country's government administrations. As demonstrated by comparison with a proposed model for sustainable development, the premises and operationalization of the institutions' philosophy do not augur well for the meaningful incorporation of social and environmental factors of development. As such, Trinidad and Tobago is shown to fall short in the pursuit of a humane, equitable and truly sustainable development path.


Simple Summary We aimed to investigate the relationship between the collapse of the vaginal cuff and the prognosis of TLRH. In this retrospective multicenter analysis, 94 early cervical cancer patients who underwent O-RH or TLRH in six hospitals in Japan between September 2016 and July 2020 were included; 36 patients underwent TLRH. PFS and OS were not significantly different between O-RH and TLRH groups. Tumor spillage was prevented by creating a vaginal cuff to avoid using a uterine manipulator. Therefore, TLRH might be considered efficient. Abstract Our goal was to compare the treatment outcomes of open-abdominal radical hysterectomy (O-RH) and total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLRH) with vaginal cuff creation and without using a uterine manipulator in stage IB1-B2 (tumor size < 4 cm) cervical cancer cases. In this retrospective multicenter analysis, 94 cervical cancer stage IB1-B2 patients who underwent O-RH or TLRH in six hospitals in Japan between September 2016 and July 2020 were included; 36 patients underwent TLRH. Propensity score matching was performed because the tumor diameter was large, and positive cases of lymph node metastases were included in the O-RH group due to selection bias. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and recurrence sites of TLRH and O-RH. PFS and OS (overall survival) were not significant in both the TLRH (n = 27) and O-RH (n = 27) groups; none required conversion to laparotomy. The maximum tumor size was <2 and ≥2 cm in 12 (44.4%) and 15 (55.6%) patients, respectively, in both groups. Reportedly, the TLRH group had lesser bleeding than the O-RH group (p < 0.001). Median follow-up was 33.5 (2–65) and 41.5 (6–75) months in the TLRH and O-RH groups, respectively. PFS and OS were not significantly different between the two groups (TLRH: 92.6%, O-RH: 92.6%; log-rank p = 0.985 and 97.2%, 100%; p = 0.317, respectively). The prognosis of early cervical cancer was not significantly different between TLRH and O-RH. Tumor spillage was prevented by creating a vaginal cuff and avoiding the use of a uterine manipulator. Therefore, TLRH might be considered efficient.


Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of beta amyloid peptides in plaques and vessel walls and by the intraneuronal accumulation of paired helical filaments composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. In this review, we concentrate on the biology of amyloid precursor protein, and on the central role of amyloid in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is part of a super‐family of transmembrane and secreted proteins. It appears to have a number of roles, including regulation of haemostasis and mediation of neuroprotection. APP also has potentially important metal and heparin‐binding properties, and the current challenge is to synthesize all these varied activities into a coherent view of its function. Cleavage of amyloid precursor protein by β‐and γ‐secretases results in the generation of the Aβ (βA4) peptide, whereas α‐secretase cleaves within the Aβ sequence and prevents formation from APP. Recent findings indicate that the site of γ‐secretase cleavage is critical to the development of amyloid deposits; Aβ1–42 is much more amyloidogenic than Aβ1–40 . Aβ1–42 formation is favoured by mutations in the two presenilin genes (PS1 and PS2), and by the commonest amyloid precursor protein mutations. Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease incorporating various mutations in the presenilin gene now exist, and have shown amyloid accumulation and cognitive impairment. Neurofibrillary tangles have not been reproduced in these models, however. While aggregated Aβ is neurotoxic, perhaps via an oxidative mechanism, the relationship between such toxicity and neurofibrillary tangle formation remains a subject of ongoing research.


Bayesian analysis is applied to detect changepoints in the time series of seasonal typhoon counts in the vicinity of Taiwan. An abrupt shift in the typhoon count series occurs in 2000. On average, 3.3 typhoons per year have been noted before 2000 (1970‐99), with the rate increasing to 5.7 typhoons per year since 2000 (2000‐06). This abrupt change is consistent with a northward shift of the typhoon track over the western North Pacific‐East Asian region and an increase of typhoon frequency over the Taiwan‐East China Sea region. The northward shift of the typhoon track tends to be associated with typhoon-enhancing environmental conditions over the western North Pacific, namely, the weakening of the western North Pacific subtropical high, the strengthening of the Asian summer monsoon trough, and the enhanced positive vorticity anomalies in the lower troposphere. Based on observational analysis and model simulations, warm sea surface temperature anomalies over the equatorial western and central Pacific appear to be a major factor contributing to a northward-shifted typhoon track.


Health is greatly influenced by one's own life style. Ayurveda advocates the modification of surroundings to maintain the balance of the human being to prevent and cure the diseases. It meticulously designs a healthy life style with proper dinacharya and ritucharya for a healthy living. But the present day man has gone far away from these age old healthy practices and invited a flock of diseases to injure his health. This article is an attempt to collect and explore such examples from the routine life style of modern day man and to assess and analyze its effect on general health status of the society from the point of view of Ayurveda.


Presents the separation of composite compressive modulus and composite bending modulus for application to the calculation of concrete-filled steel tubular frames and analyses the effects of these two kinds of modulus on the stiffness of concrete-filled steel tubular space frames under vertical load and horizontal wind load.


In Analects of Confucius, "filial piety" includes the thoughts of "to be filial to the parents" and "obedience", etc. On the basis of inheriting the thought of "filial piety" in Western Zhou Dynasty, it contains not only some new explanations, but also a lot of feudal dross. Today we still need to develop the energetic fruit of the Confucian school's "filial piety", and at the same time we must reject the backward feudal thoughts in order to develop the socialist morality and spiritual civilization.


While neonatal transport is widespread and relatively standardized, paediatric transport is newer with more varied requirements for optimal management, equipment and personnel. Over a recent 14 month period (ending 30/9/86), our center coordinated inter-hospital transfer of 400 children.Thirty percent were neonates, with a total of 59% less than 1 year, 19% between 1-4 years, 12% between 4-8 years, and 10% older than 8 years. Major diagnoses were trauma, infection, seizures, hypoxic-ischemic injury and congenital anomalies. Eighty-two percent of the calls were emergent and 60% of children required admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Six (1.5%) died during resuscitation prior to transfer, and no children died in transit. Sixty-three percent were transported by air.Problems occurred on 20% of transports, of which 8% were predicted (due to the severity of illness, equipment limitation or poor weather). Significant problems occurred more frequently when patients were escorted by adult paramedics as compared to infant trained crews. Thirty percent of patients required major interventions by the transport team for stabilization prior to transfer and 5% required major interventions enroute.The logistics of coordinating paediatric emergency transport are complex because of the diversity of diagnoses, physical size, medication and equipment, requiring dedicated physician staff with a transport team trained to manage paediatric patients.


Successful management and prognosis of Human African Trypanosomosis (HAT) is dependent on proper diagnosis and staging of the disease. Lipid profiles appear to have a profound relationship to the stage and severity of disease and hence possible effect on the outcome of chemotherapy. This study was designed to determine the profiles of cholesterol and triglycerides in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected vervet monkeys as potential markers for staging of the disease. Three vervet monkeys were infected intravenously with 10 4 T. b. brucei (isolate GUTat 1) while two monkeys served as non-infected controls. Late stage disease was induced by sub-curative treatment using diminazene aceturate (DA) 28 days post infection (dpi). On relapse, the animals were treated curatively with melarsoprol. Blood for serum preparation was collected at weekly intervals for 300 days post infection. Biochemistry analysis was performed using the Humalyzer 2000 (Lab-chem, Germany) . The results showed a decrease in both total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and significant increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides levels in early stage disease. In the late stage disease (35- 77) there was a significant increase in total cholesterol. Thereafter there was a significant decline corresponding to the trypanosome relapse. After curative treatment the levels declined to pre-infection levels. The disease was associated with marked alterations in the cholesterol and triglycerides levels. However the changes in the lipids tested were not sustained either during early or the late stage disease. This implies that none of these lipids can be used for diagnosis or staging of the HAT. These changes however could affect the pharmacokinetics of trypanocidal drugs and complicate management of HAT.


Due to the close relation between cointegration test and multiple unit roots test multiple unit roots test are greatly studied by many researchers,. In this paper we suggest the symmetric type unit roots test which is an adjusted method of Shin (1999) Also we have a small Monte-Carlo simulation study to compare the power of the statistic developed in this paper with those of Shin (1999) and adjusted Fuller statistic(1996)


As a pioneering work we construct explicit real algebraic functions which may have both compact and non-compact preimages. The author has obtained explicit real algebraic functions with preimages satisfying some nice conditions. More precisely, we have given answers to a considerably revised version of Sharko's question. Sharko originally asked whether we can have nice smooth functions whose Reeb graphs are as desired. The Reeb graph of a smooth function of a certain nice class is a natural graph whose underlying space is the space of all connected components. Such graphs can have some important topological information of the manifolds. Our answers are new in having real algebraic functions on non-compact manifolds with no boundaries. We also avoid using so-called existence theory and approximation theory whereas we also avoid in our previous studies.


We analyse the solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation in the universal covering space of two-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime for different ranges of the mass of the scalar field. For certain values of the mass parameter, we impose a suitable set of boundary conditions which make the spatial component of the KleinGordon operator self-adjoint. Finally, we use the transformation properties of the mode solutions under the isometry group of the theory, namely, the universal covering group of SL(2,R), in order to determine which self-adjoint boundary conditions are invariant under the action of this group and which result in positivefrequency solutions forming unitary representations of this group, which are classified in a manner similar to those for SL(2,R) given by Bargmann.


Tuna farming is based on fishing bluefin tuna in their natural habit of the western Mediterranean and fattening them in floating cages. Although this type of aquaculture is expanding rapidly in the Mediterranean Sea, very little information is available for an environmental impact assessment and environmental monitoring of tuna ranching. Spatial and temporal scales of impact need to be established before the norms and regulations affecting this new branch of aquaculture can be properly implemented. The biotic indices measured pointed to detectable impact only under the cages, although multivariate techniques defined an environmental gradient of stressed macrofaunal assemblages. The benthic surveys carried out indicated that high impact was restricted to a radius of roughly 5 m from the cages with a transitional radius at 35 m. This zone was characterized by high densities of opportunistic species. There was a further zone of moderately stressed benthic environment extending to about 180–220 m from the cages. This moderately stressed zone exhibited slight changes in community structure, because the densities of some species were stimulated. At distances greater than 220 m from the tuna farm, the system apparently returned to normal conditions. The fallow period produced partial remediation of the area affected, except in the sediment underneath the cages where even a 6-month fallow period was not sufficient for the community to totally recover.


Summary form only given. While studying the single-mode oscillation of a 635-nm AlGaInP diode laser by means of phase-conjugate feedback (PCF), the stable oscillation was observed with the periodic PCF. This stable oscillation lasted for a few minutes when the injection current was just above the oscillation threshold level, while the PCF, the level of which was up to 27%, periodically changed.


Abstract While the arrival of nuclear weapons coincided roughly with the development of short, medium, intermediate, and eventually intercontinental missiles, the contribution of missile technology to the deterrence equation is often lost. If nuclear weapons were eliminated, even new generation missiles with conventional payloads could struggle to render effective deterrence. But some of the physical and psychological effects commonly ascribed to nuclear weapons could still be in play. And in a world without nuclear weapons, thinking about the use and control of force from the nuclear age would also deserve renewed attention.


Women's departure or nonentrance into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics professions, particularly engineering, has been a lively source of scholarly inquiry for the past three decades. Much of the literature in this area has been with solely female samples of participants, begging the question as to whether or not men and women either choose to leave the profession or not enter for the same or similar reasons. This present study collected a large sample of men (n = 1,273) who had either left or never entered the engineering profession and compared their responses to a large sample of women (n = 1,235) on a set of categorical response variables. Using the perspective of the Theory of Work Adjustment, our results suggest that there are gender differences in reasons for departure, raising the possibility that engineering climates differentially reinforce needs for men and women. Implications of this research are discussed.


The construction industry is characterized by high energy consumption and high carbon emissions. With growing concern about climate change, environmental protection is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, the whole construction process of prefabricated floor slab (PFS) is divided into three stages: production, transportation, and construction stages. Carbon emissions are calculated based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. A case study of PFS construction in Shaoxing city, China, was examined, and the calculation results were compared and evaluated with the traditional construction methods, which showed that in the production stage, carbon emissions increased due to mechanical operations during the prefabrication process. In the transportation stage, carbon emissions also increased due to the heavier prefabricated components during the transportation process. During the on-site construction stage, carbon emissions considerably decreased due to the lower hoisting frequency and less on-site pouring.


The solid-state of the title compound, [Sn3(C4H9)6(CH3O)3O][Sn2(C4H9)2(CH3O)7], consists of distinct [tBu6Sn3(μ-OCH3)3(μ3-O)]+ cations and [tBu2Sn2(OCH3)4(μ-OCH3)3]− anions, apparently formed as a result of slow hydrolysis of pure di(tert-butyl)dimethoxystannane, tBu2Sn(OCH3)2. In the monocation, the coordination about the Sn atoms is distorted trigonal bipyramidal, and, in the monoanion, distorted octahedral. The trigonal bipyramidal arrangement induces planarity of the Sn3O4 motif.


The fabrication process of Si-steel thin-strip by twin-roll continuous casting was described and the quality of the obtained Si-steel thin-strip was measured. Si-steel strips with 0.5–6.5 wt.% Si content were successfully prepared, and proper parameters including pouring temperature, height of molten pool, casting speed and pouring head mode were optimized, and their mechanisms were discussed. The relationship between quality factors of Si-steel including cracks, strip thickness, impurity and process parameters such as Si content and so on were discussed. The morphologies of the strips with different Si content were studied.


Bologna with its eldest university in Europe was an important point of Emperor Nicholas I's grand tour of Italy in 1845. In Rome the tsar talked with the Pope on problems of inter-church relations, then the rest of the time in the eternal city and along the entire route (from Palermo to Naples, from Florence to Bologna and Venice) he showed himself as a prominent collector, patron of the arts, who adopted his parents love for Italian art. The tsar had a special reverence for the Bologna painting school, the Bolognese Baroque style, which, along with the Roman Baroque, was refl ected in his purchases for the New Hermitage. Only in Bologna he acquired the originals of classical painting (Guercino, Agostino Caracci). There he practically completed the formation of his famous collection of Italian neoclassical sculpture (C. Baruzzi) and ordered copies from the local Pinacoteca of such a high level that they, having partially reached our time, were honored to enter the GE painting collection. Russian monarch's visit is commemorated only in Rome and Bologna by commemorative plaques, the fi rst of which is offi cial, and the second is an "ordinary" Bolognese marquis, who considered it an honor to visit his palace by the Russian tsar.


Visceral leishmaniasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Leishmania infantum (synonym: Leishmania chagasi) and transmitted by the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis in Brazil. It is an endemic zoonosis in several regions of the country, including Belo Horizonte (State of Minas Gerais). In urban areas, the domestic dog is susceptible and considered the most important animal reservoir. However, L. infantum has been previously diagnosed in other species, including captive primates and canids. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of the agent DNA in captive animals as well as some free ranging animals from the Zoo-Botanical Foundation of Belo Horizonte by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Eighty one blood samples from primates, carnivores, ruminants, edentates, marsupial, and a monogastric herbivore were analyzed. Three primates Alouatta guariba (brown howler monkey), and two canids Speothos venaticus (bush dog) were positive, demonstrating the importance of leishmaniasis control in endemic areas for preservation of wildlife species in captivity.


Current stress solutions for Mars match the long wavelength signal of present day topography and gravity but fail to match many surface faults, including the normal faults in northern Claritas Fossae north to Tantalus and Alba Fossae. A deviatoric stress field associated with horizontal gradients of gravitational potential energy (GPE) provides an excellent fit, as measured by objective functions, to many of the normal faults in the western Martian hemisphere as well as wrinkle ridges circumferential to Tharsis; ∼70% of the faults have a misfit ≤ 0.1. The fit of faults to the GPE‐derived stress field reflects the thermal state of the planet at the times of faulting, and suggests that at such times elastic thicknesses and membrane stresses were small, and topography was supported by buoyancy forces.


A spilt-plot design was used to study the effect of co-application of organic and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrate content of cucumber and the dynamic change of that in different layers of soil under the condition of protected cultivation.The result indicated that the nitrate content of cucumber was increased remarkably by increasing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer.But that could decrease when applying the organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer together,and the interaction of these two fertilizers was extremely significant.The nitrate content of greenhouse cucumber reached the degree of secondary pollution when high amount of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer was applied in singles,as well as the normal application of nitrogen without organic fertilizer. The nitrate content of cucumber and the capability of supplying nitrate in soil and its accumulation amount in soil body had a closely relativity with the organic fertilizer and nitrogen application.The top soil could accumulate nitrate easily by organic fertilizer application in high amount,so did the soil body by applying nitrogen fertilizer in the same way(N3).However,the leach of soil nitrate could be weaken by organic fertilizer application.So the measure was to apply organic fertilizer 45 ~ 90tohm-2,and nitrogen application was done with the level 450 ~ 750kgohm-2 in agricultural practices,which could reduce the nitrate content of cucumber and weaken the leach of it and decrease its accumulation amount in soil body.


Motivation The computation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium of toroidal plasmas plays a central role in tokamak fusion studies, not only as a fundamental tool for the computation of transport and stability calculations but also for the development of advanced tokamak control systems. Under perfect axisymmetric conditions, the vector calculus formulation of the GradShafranov equation is the one most commonly used, [1, 2]:


Although RRAM as an emerging non-volatile memory has solved many dr awbacks of conventional memor ies, it has deficiencies needed to be maintained. The objective of this paper is to suppress the soft er ror susceptibility of CMOSbased peripheral read circuits for both SLC and MLC crosspoint RRAM arrays thr ough sizing of tr ansistor s with regard to area, power, and delay constr aints. The results revealed that the soft err or r ate (SER) has improved around 18.4 and 53.7 times mor e than the default sizing in case of fully-robust sizing besides minor area overhead for both SLC and MLC RRAM ar r ays, respectively. However, the static power and delay of MLC ar r ay are the overheads.


International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 277-286, 2019. CP describes the highest metabolic rate resulting in complete oxidative energy provision (steady state). Between the heavy and severe domain of exercise, CP will be surpassed, and the finite work capacity known as W' will be used up. The purpose of the study is to test CP and W' and its relationship in males and females, while assessing type I and II muscle fiber distribution in the leg. A 3 MT and isokinetic leg dynamometer muscle fiber typing protocol of 25 consecutive leg extensions were completed. W' for the sample (n = 17) was 8381.64 ± 4556.72 joules [males (n = 9): 12086.22 ± 1851.39 joules; females (n = 8): 4214.00 ± 2459.07 joules]. Type II muscle fiber for the sample was 24.48% ± 12.92% (males: 20.83 ± 13.18%; females: 28.59 ± 12.10%). W' was not significantly correlated to type II muscle fibers (r = -0.070, p = 0.790) but was significantly related when controlling for gender (r = 0.579, p = 0.024). W' was correlated to Wpeak and BMI in the sample; when controlling for gender, it was correlated to Wpeak, Type I and Type II muscle fiber percentage and CP. Compared to females, males had higher W' (p < 0.001) and CP (p = 0.004). W' was not correlated to type II muscle fibers but was when controlling for gender. Males were demonstrated to have significantly higher W', CP, Wpeak and BMI compared to females suggesting potential muscle cross sectional area influences W' and CP when comparing genders.


Two-dimensional( 2D) data is the major data type in geometric morphometrics for a long time.2D data played an important role in the origin and rising of geometric morphometrics. Numerous significant scientific problems have been solved based on 2D data. The super capability of geometric morphometrics in scientific computing and problem solving based on 2D data has been perfectly demonstrated. However, there are still some special scientific problems or specific morphological characters which can not be easily or perfectly investigated via 2D data. Three-dimensional( 3D) data on a large scale and in great amount could be a better option for these issues. The needs for 3D geometric morphometrics become more and more urgent. Furthermore,3D data collecting becomes easier and cheaper and a large quantity of 3D data emerge. Here in this article the principles and application of 3D geometric morphometrics were reviewed. The similarities and differences between 2D and 3D geometric morphometrics are listed. The two development stages of 3D geometric morphometrics, i. e., the morphological simulation and quasi-quantitative comparison of a small-size sample,and quantitative comparison of a large number of samples,are reviewed. The application of four-dimensional data and finite element analysis is evaluated. The development potential of 3D geometric morphometrics in the field of entomology is pointed out. The future directions of 3D geometric morphometrics,such as increasing of sample size, hardware upgrade, increasing of data resolution, development of new algorithms,presentation of results,3D printing,etc.,are proposed.


Halliday holds that all cultures reflect some universal metafunctions in the languages and proposes three such metafunctions: ideational, interpersonal, and textual. This study employs the logical function theory in Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics to analyze the presidential debate between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Specifically, through a qualitative descriptive analysis, this study aims at finding out the types of taxis and logico-semantic relation and analyzing the meanings represented in clause complexes. The analysis of taxis and logico-semantic relation is necessary in order to present a pattern of the complexity of the two candidates. The finding in the study shows that the clause complexity of the candidates' speeches in the presidential debate is varied. In Hillary and Trump's speeches, all types of taxis and logico-semantic relation are found in their debate. From both candidates' speeches, the type of taxis and logico-semantic relation mostly arises is paratactic extension. The analysis of meaning reveals that the dominant meaning is addition which appears from extension. The result of analysis indicates that two candidates prove the strength of their verbal language to influence the audience's minds in supporting their


Recent calls to incorporate ecosystem-based approaches, which consider multiple physical and biological aspects of a system instead of a single stock, into fisheries management have proven challenging to implement. Here, we suggest that managers can use the diversity of species in an area and the presence of foundation species as two indicators of marine ecosystem functioning. We used data from the 2006 sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) test fishery in the inside waters of southeastern Alaska to evaluate the relationship between the diversity of fish species present in an area and the abundance of both target and total fish caught. We found that areas where more fish species were present were characterized by higher catch levels of both sablefish and total fish, suggesting that diversity may be a reasonable indicator of fishery yields and productivity. Furthermore, because the incidence of deep-water coral was also logged in the surveys, we explored the relationship between coral, which provides habitat for groundfish, and catch levels. We found that abundances were highest where coral was present. Finally, we conducted meta-analyses of the importance of marine foundation species, such as corals, kelps, seagrasses, and oyster reefs, in promoting the diversity and abundance of associated taxa and found that diversity was 1.4-fold higher and abundances were 3.4-fold higher where these habitat-forming species were present. Together, these results suggest that biodiversity and the presence of foundation species can serve as useful indicators of a marine ecosystem's ability to provide the goods, services, and functions that we and other organisms rely on. We therefore suggest that these indicators be incorporated into fisheries management strategies.


Orest Subtelny, an American-Canadian historian of Ukrainian origin, passed away in Toronto on 24 July 2016. His research topics included Ukrainian history of the early modern period as well as historiography, national identity, and the Ukrainian diaspora, primarily in North America. Subtelny's interests were not limited to Ukrainian subjects. He approached the latter as part of the general context of the history of the East European region, with a special focus on geopolitical, imperial, and national studies, from a broad, comparative perspective. Subtelny's crowning achievement is considered to be his Ukraine: A History, first published in 1988 by the University of Toronto Press in association with the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies (CIUS). Several more editions appeared in English, in Ukrainian translation, as well as in other languages.Subtelny was born in Cracow, on 17 May 1941. In 1949 he and his parents left Poland for the United States and settled in Philadelphia. Subtelny completed his BA in history in 1965 at Temple University and graduated from the University of North Carolina, where he earned an MA, also in history, in 1967. He acquired his PhD in history from Harvard in 1973, where he later taught briefly in the History Department before moving to Hamilton College in Clinton, NY, where he became an associate professor of history (1975-82). From 1982 until his retirement in 2015, Subtelny was a professor of Ukrainian history in the History Department (cross-appointed to the Department of Political Science) at York University in Toronto.Subtelny joined Ukrainian studies in the specific intellectual atmosphere of the 1960s, with their social unrest and challenges, the advent of iconoclasts, a symbolic drawing of the line between generations, and political changes. The very concepts of Ukraine and Ukrainian studies in exile were under constant scrutiny and sometimes stormy discussions. In the Sixties, Ukrainian studies entered a stage of intellectual and institutional revolution. The founding of, first, the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute (HURI) in 1973 and the CIUS at the University of Alberta in 1976 signalled the era of integration of Ukrainian topics into the mainstream of the North American academic environment.Subtelny completed his PhD in history and Middle Eastern studies in 1973 with a thesis on "The Unwilling Allies: The Relations of Hetman Pylyp Orlyk with the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Porte, 1710-1742". This topic was suggested by the prominent Ukrainian historian in exile, Oleksander Ohloblyn. However, its interpretation was deeply influenced by Professor Omeljan Pritsak, the world-renowned Orientalist and historian, founding director of HURI, and "iconoclast". Subtelny became a prominent expert in Ukraine's early modern history. His knowledge of its "Mazepan" age was unexcelled. In 1983 his monograph about Ukrainian separatists and political refugees in the early eighteenth century won the Antonovych Prize for the best work in Ukrainian studies.1Subtelny continued working on the topic after immigrating to Canada in 1982. He treated it within the broad comparative perspective of Eastern European history. In his own words, "For a country that since medieval times has had only limited periods of statehood, Ukraine has played a surprisingly important role - even if only in a passive sense - in the history of Eastern Europe . . . Viewed historically, it would seem that achieving control of Ukraine was a prerequisite for attaining great-power status in Eastern Europe."2Subtelny approached Mazepa's revolt against Russian Tsar Peter I in 1708 from the perspective of the socio-political conflict between native (local) nobilities and absolutism in Poland, Hungary, the Baltic, Moldavia, and Ukraine.3 The comparative approach to the issue allowed him to explore "how far and in what form, feudal constitutional principles extended beyond the eastern border of Poland and Hungary". …


The 2006 coups in Fiji and Thailand—as well as the 2012 incident in Papua New Guinea—have sent timely reminders that military coups remain a threat to vulnerable democracies in South-East Asia and the Pacific. This article explores the interplay between structural factors that can create coup risks, the 'coup-proofing' strategies of political leaders and the occurrence of military coups. While the article examines the region as a whole, it pays particular attention to Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Indonesia, Fiji and Papua New Guinea. Borrowing from the work of Belkin and Schofer, it argues that the level of coup risk in each country can be assessed by analysing the extent of regime legitimacy, the strength of civil society and the frequency of military coups in the past. By combining this analysis with an evaluation of coup-proofing strategies, the study discusses likely scenarios for the five focus countries as far as the likelihood of coups or, alternatively, the establishment of stable civilian control is concerned.


143Background: Systemic treatment in the management of metastatic prostate cancer is inevitable. However, there is a growing interest in metastases-directed therapy (MDT). We sought to investigate ...


The present study was designed to assess the impact of husbandry, stage of lactation and parity number on milk yield and chemical composition of camel milk within three different camel farms at Khartoum State, Sudan. Camel milk samples (n=220) were collected from 43 healthy she-camels at different lactation stages (early, mid, late and latest stages of lactation) and parity number (1-7 parities). The overall means of daily milk yield and composition of fat, protein, lactose, solids not fat (SNF), acidity and density were 2.73±1.16 L/day, 3.69±1.31%, 3.32±0.33%, 4.59±0.45, 8.49±0.86%, 0.19±0.03% and 1.030±0.017g/cm3, respectively. Camel milk yield and composition were significantly (P<0.05) affected by husbandry, stage of lactation and parity number. The highest milk yield (3.49±0.89 L/day) was recorded for she-camels kept in the intensive farming system during early stage of lactation (2.96±1.28 L/day). The result showed that the she-camels in the second parity gave the highest milk yield (4.06±1.85 L/day), while the lower milk yield was found at the subsequent parities. The highest means of fat (4.05±1.5%), SNF (8.78±0.74%), protein (3.41±0.3%) and lactose (4.67±0.42%) were recorded for the milk of she camels in the semi-intensive farming. The highest means of fat, protein, lactose and SNF (4.46±1.62%, 3.5±0.27%, 4.75±0.42% and 8.88±0.89%, respectively) were found in camel milk during the early stage of lactation. Moreover the highest means of protein, lactose and SNF (3.42±0.33%, 4.71±0.52% and 8.83±0.86%, respectively) were recorded in milk for the she camels at parity number five. This study concluded that husbandry systems, stage of lactation and parity number have impact on milk yield and chemical composition of camel milk. Therefore, factors that cause variations in milk yield and composition should be considered for the nutritional and technological uses of camel milk.


The utility model relates to decoration materials in the technical field of construction engineering, in particular to a foam glass color steel sandwich plate used in partition wallboards and ceilings. The foam glass interlayer color steel plate comprises an upper layer color coating steel plate, a lower layer color coating steel plate, a binding agent layer and an interlayer, wherein the color coating steel plates and the interlayer are conglutinated through the binding agent layer. The foam glass interlayer color steel plate is characterized in that the interlayer is made of a foam glass composite layer, the outer layer adopts a color coating profiling thin steel plate which is formed by mechanical manufacture and shaping, the color steel plate can be widely applied in foam glass interlayer color steel plates used in the partition wallboards and the ceilings of various air purifying chambers such as labs, operation rooms, clean wards, bacteria-free and dust-free rooms, bacteria culture rooms, purified factories, dust-free workshops, offices and the like in the sectors such as scientific research, medical treatment sanitation, industry and the like.


History and memory have always been connected. It is not by accident that in Greek mythology Clio is the daughter of Mnemosyne. However, 229 the memory has become the subject of intense reflection and study only in the twentieth century. Reflecting on the relationship between history and memory, the author shows how the identification of new memory opportunities contributes to the renewal of ideas about the mobility of social world and variability of the past. Modern studies of the social history of memory make it certain that the usual opposition of history and memory has lost its meaning. Moreover, the methods of the «appropriation of the past», formed in the triad of history / memory / politics, define historical models accepted in the society.


Physician-citizens have an ethical and social duty to address the disparities in access to health care worldwide. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


Wheat flour was extruded at die temperatures of 60, 90, 120, and 160 °C. The soluble protein content in the extrudates decreased by 66.7% in the extracting buffer (1% sodium dodecyl sulfate in 50 m...


4. He Z, Zhang S, Xue P, Yan X, Zhou L, Li J, et al. Completely medial access by pageturning approach for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: 6year experience in single center. Surg Endosc. 2019;33:959– 65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0046 401865251 5. Li H, He Y, Lin Z, Xiong W, Diao D, Wang W, et al. Laparoscopic caudaltocranial approach for radical lymph node dissection in right hemicolectomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2016;401:741– 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0042 301614655 6. Lee SJ, Park SC, Kim MJ, Sohn DK, Oh JH. Vascular anatomy in laparoscopic colectomy for right colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2016;59:718– 24.


Abstract The clinical and histologic renal findings at the time of initial evaluation of 40 patients with systemic lupus erythematosis have been compared and evaluated in the light of the subsequen...