The article is devoted to a review of modern scientific approaches to the definition of the category "entrepreneurship". Interrelation between the categories of "entrepreneur", "entrepreneurial function" and "entrepreneurship" is characterized and determined based on the building of an associative-semantic chain, which clearly demonstrates the historical evolution and role of entrepreneurship. It is justified that in historical terms, before defining the category "entrepreneurship", the development of the concept was shifted from a fixation on the identification of entrepreneurship with an option to carry a risk to the desire of the entrepreneur to use a new combination of factors of production – innovation. A time continuum of content evolution is built, which clearly demonstrates the continuity of the processes of improving the properties of business on the formation of a specific contribution to all spheres of socio-economic life of society. The research specifies structure-forming factors of the category "entrepreneurship": independent, system, at one's own risk activity, targeted, consistency, interdependence, legal and social responsibility, initiative. Based on a critical analysis of the interpretations of the category "entrepreneurship" in the modern scientific literature, as well as the results of the study of holistic knowledge about the genesis and given the practical achievements in the theory of entrepreneurship, the author identifies the main scientific approaches to detail the category of "entrepreneurship", namely economic, personal, innovative, regional, social and institutional. Particular attention is drawn to the separation of key aspects in the identified approaches. The article argues that in defining the term "entrepreneurship", scientists, on the one hand, focus on it as the process of searching for new opportunities, implementing new production ways, overcoming previous restrains; on the other hand, scientists focus on the riskiness of actions, creative activity and the availability of entrepreneur's specific qualities, organization of new potential, profitable business, and creative activity in economy that requires specific personal qualities. It is put forward the author's approach to interpreting the category "entrepreneurship" under which entrepreneurship is a set of ongoing and active processes operating in conditions of economic freedom, risk and uncertainty due to which the entrepreneur takes full responsibility for commercial success, profit generation and meeting social needs.


In order to improve the link throughput of OFDM system in aviation broadband satellite, it is possible to combine the AMC to complete the modulation and coding of the signal. This paper established an AMC link model, including the movement model of aviation satellite, wave beam model of AMC, the way of code modulation to AMC, CQI and then analyzed the performance of link throughput according to the link model.


Electrical resistance (ER) in the cambial zone of juvenile green ash from various provenances was highly correlated with growth rate and with certain climatic features of provenance origin. Initiation of cambial activity in the spring was related to ER but not dependent on provenance origin. Cessation of cambial activity in the fall, as indicated by ER, was significantly related to origin. ER measurements of reciprocally patch-grafted cambia indicated that variation in time of cessation would not be a major cause of graft incompatibility in inter-provenance grafts.


Experiment 910 (E910) has studied proton-nucleus collisions at 12.3 and 17.5 GeV incident energies using a variety of targets. Centrality selection is provided via "grey" track multiplicity which can be statistically related to ν, the number of scatterings of the proton in the target nucleus. Previously published semi-inclusive measurements of Ν production are discussed and preliminary measurements of "leading" Ν production in 17.5 GeV p-Au collisions are presented as a function of ν. The data indicate that the probability for the projectile to fragment into a strange baryon increases significantly with increasing ν for ν≤3; an extrapolation of the E910 data to nucleus-nucleus collisions can reproduce most of the enhancement in Ν production observed in Pb-Pb collisions at 40, 80 and 160 A. GeV. Preliminary measurements of Ξ− production in 17.5 GeV p-Au collisions show a rapid increase in yield with increasing ν. The data are discussed in the context of the Van Hove fragmentation model. Preliminary proton and pion spectra are presented for 12.3 GeV p-Be collisions. The data show a rapid degradation of outgoing proton momenta with increasing N grey while only modest changes are observed in the pion fragmentation spectra.


Often the presentation and interpretation of archaeological sites is overlooked as an important element of site management planning, despite their potential to aid in site preservation. Site management planning often incorporates these aspects, at varying levels, but usually as secondary to 'more important' problems, such as conservation or research. This separation leads to minimal collaboration and results in a fragmented, and often unsustainable, management process. Presentation and interpretation are normally linked to tourism and the visitor experience; while there is an awareness of their other benefits, these are poorly understood. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this research used Pompeii and the Vesuvian sites as case studies to investigate the extent to which presentation and interpretation can be effective tools for site preservation, while still fulfilling the objectives of visitor management, communication, and engagement. Data was collected through interviews, visitor observations, and analysis of text and documents, to understand the visitor experience, the values and interests of stakeholders, and the complex socio-economic and political frameworks in which the sites must function. The results show that the current presentation and interpretation at the Vesuvian sites is inadequate; neither using the sites to their potential or sufficiently engaging visitors. This is due in part to a lack of understanding of what visitors want from their visit, but it is also the direct result of poor collaboration amongst stakeholders and fragmentation within the management process. This study proposes the integration of presentation and interpretation alongside the other elements of site management—conservation, research, and maintenance for example. Integration, early on in management process, creates the potential to overcome the fragmentation between management planning elements, and for presentation and interpretation to be a sustainable tool for preservation.


Though the analysis on pyrology of kiln and characteristics of fuels as well as the experimental study on residence duration of limestone in the rotary kiln,the paper analyzed the influence of fuels and material on key design parameters of the active lime rotary kiln.It also used Visual C++ to develop an intelligent parameterization design system for the active lime rotary kiln,which offered foundations for the efficient and excellent design and checking of key parameters of the active lime rotary kiln.


A numerical model of equatorial F-layer of ionosphere on simulating of ionosphere irregularities with object scale from 1 km during to the instability development is constructed.


The paper described the development of SDH optic trunk of Ningxia CA TV network,the reform double network of Yinchuan CATV HFC netwok,the developme nt of Ningxia digital broadcasting television platform,and the design and devel opment of Ningxia data platform in CATV. It also introduced something about syst em,mechanism,and public that affect the bussiness,the transforming of Ningxia digital broadcasting television platform, and the industry chain of paid TV etc . The paper also put forword solutions to these problems.


Latest-generation microanalytical techniques, offering ppm-level precision coupled with micron-scale resolution, represent new methods to decipher the genetic history of an orebody. The 38.5 Moz world-class Au-Cu Telfer deposit is hosted within a sequence of Paleoto Neoproterozoic marine sediments on the northwestern margin of the Paterson Orogeny, Western Australia. The deposit is characterised by two dome structures hosting a series of stratabound and vertically-stacked ore horizons ("reefs"). Pyrite, a typically refractory mineral, is a common component of Au-ores and is the dominant ore mineral at Telfer. Petrographic analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope backscatter imaging established four morphologically discrete stages of pyrite and an abundance of associated minerals. Laser-Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma MassSpectrometry spot analysis and element mapping on selected pyrite grains delineated trace element patterns that allow for development of a model of multi-stage ore genesis. Gold distribution in pyrite indicates deformation-induced remobilisation of initially lattice-bound Au. Gold expelled from the sulphide lattice during remobilisation is observed as grains of electrum and native gold within brittle fractures and fissures as well as micro-, and likely also nanoscale inclusions in pyrite. Silver, Bi, Te, Pb, Tl, Co, Sn and As were also seen reconcentrated into micro-fractures and at grain margins. Oscillatory pyrite growth, expressed by zonation of As, Co and Ni are prominent; the latter two suggesting a metal source of mafic origin. Enrichment of Sn, Bi, Cu ± Zn, Te, Au, and associated presence of exsolved stannite, chalcopyrite and accessory bismuthinite, aikinite, calaverite, tetradymite and tsumoite suggest a granitic source for at least one generation of pyrite. The pyrite morphology, and recorded trace element chemistry distribution in pyrite are concordant with a hypothesis by which the Telfer deposit is the product of a protracted multi-stage ore forming system or single mineralising event with multiple sources of metals and/or sulphur.


This article examines behavioral and psychological differences among women who used violence in four types of relationships. Nearly all of the women experienced physical abuse from their male partners. Types were compared on the extent of childhood abuse experienced, use of avoidance coping, anger, motivations for using violence, injuries, psychological symptoms, and alcohol use. Women in the Victim type (the partner used more physical violence and coercion against her than she against him) and the Abused Aggressor type (the woman used more violence and coercion against the partner than he against her) had the poorest behavioral and psychological indices. Women in Mixed-Female Coercive relationships (the woman's use as of coercion was equivalent to or greater than her partner, but the partner used as much or more violence) had the fewest difficulties. Scores for women in Mixed-Male Coercive relationships (the partner was more coercive than the woman, but the woman's use of violence was equivalent to or greater than the partner's) generally fell in between the other groups.


This paper describes the future routing protocol called the Routing Information Protocol Next Generation (RIPng), the term Next Generation(NG), is used to describe protocols that support the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), Comparing it with RIP Routing Information Protocol, that was used with Internet Protocol version 4 to study the impact of immigration from IPv4 to IPv6, and explained the bandwidth, Router's hardware improvement needed to implement , as a result of these study internal router interface have to use IPv6 rather global router interface to reduce the cost of offering high bandwidth and High specification routers.


N7- and N9-regioisomers of cyanomethyl and trifluoroethyl-N6-[(dimethylamino)methylene]adenine (1, 2, 6, 7) were prepared regioselectively, the former by the direct alkylation of N6-[(dimethylamino)methylene]adenine, the latter by the alkylation of adenine followed by protection of the amino group. These derivatives, which bear an active methylene group, were submitted to reactions with allyl bromide, aldehydes or tert-butoxybis(dimethylamino)methane in order to modify their side chain. In this way, several new α-branched acyclic adenosine analogues (8, 10–16) were prepared; the regioselectivity of the alkylation and the product structures were determined by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. 15N-NMR parameters for selected compounds were studied by gradient-enhanced inverse-detected techniques. In addition, X-ray data of derivatives 1, 2 and 7 are reported.


Despite concerns that women candidates are hampered by gender gaps in campaign financing, few scholars have examined how gender quotas impact women candidates' access to campaign funds. We examine the effect of a party-based gender quota on women candidates' financing and electoral success in Ireland. Under the gender quota, the number of women candidates increased and parties acted strategically to provide women challengers with increased financial support. However, women challengers spent less candidate funds than men challengers and were less likely to have prior officeholding experiences associated with fundraising. Women challengers' disadvantage is concerning because candidate expenditures are associated with winning votes. Our findings show that the effectiveness of a gender quota is partly determined by how the quota interacts with the campaign finance system and the political opportunity structure.


The design of refrigeration-based heat recovery systems for municipal swimming pools is discussed and the performance of all such pools in Northern Ireland is analysed. It is found that most systems are incorrectly designed and specified, that the operating conditions are usually sub-optimal and that the control systems are normally either inappropriate or non-existent. It is clear that heat-pump based swimming pool heat recovery systems are not understood by either the designers, the equipment suppliers, the installers or the operators.


PurposeTo find out the relationship between steroid-induced intraocular pressure (IOP) rise and the plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2) in diabetic patients who underwent intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Subjects and MethodsA total of 34 patients with diabetic macular edema who were treated with IVTA and 17 healthy subjects who served as control group for plasma MMP and TIMP levels were participated. Before IVTA treatment, patients and control subjects underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, IOP measurement with Goldmann applanation tonometry, and indirect ophthalmoscopy; and peripheral blood samples were collected from each study participants. Plasma levels of MMP-9, TIMP-2, and HbA1c levels were measured. Patients were seen 1, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after treatment and then every 6 months for up to 1 year for probable IOP rise. Patients were divided into 2 groups as having nonproliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy. These 2 groups were further classified according to their IOP levels as normal or elevated IOP (>21 mm Hg). ResultsThe mean age of diabetic group of patients (n=34) and healthy control subjects (n=17) were 57.6±10.2 years (range: 22 to 70 y) and 53.1±10.3 years (range: 29 to 68 y), respectively. Seventeen (50%) diabetic patients had developed elevated IOP after a mean 2.2 months after IVTA injection. MMP-9 and TIMP-2 levels were found to be significantly higher in the diabetic groups with and without elevated IOP when compared with control group (P<0.001). MMP-9/TIMP-2 did not change significantly among the groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that only higher plasma TIMP-2 levels increase the risk of IOP elevation after IVTA injection in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio=1.06, P<0.05). No significant relationship was found between IOP rise and HbA1c levels. ConclusionsThe high levels of TIMP in diabetic patients might have a role on steroid-induced IOP rise. The key pathogenetic events that up-regulate TIMP levels should be investigated in steroid IOP rise in diabetics.


THE INFLUENCE OF TRICHODERMAVIRIDE 017 ON MYCOCENOSIS IN CUCUMBER ROOT ZONE E. P. Kopilov, G. V. Tsekhmister Introduction . Cucumber is a valuable, cost-effective and fast-growing agricultural crop. During the vegetation cucumber plants can be affected by various phytopathogenic microorganisms, particularly fungi leading to serious material damage to agriculture. Acremonium Link molds can also cause diseases of Cucurbitaceae plants. Usage of chemicals is the main effort method against pathogens. Pesticides may be accumulated in a time in food products and environment. The usage of biological method not only can improve soil phytosanitary state but contributes for yields increasing. Trichoderma molds are the promising bioagents of microbial remedies for crops protection from pathogens. The mentioned mold shave high antagonistic activity in relation to many phytopathogenic microorganisms. It caused by various mechanisms of action, in particular: hyperparasitism, competition and antibiosis. They are also able to synthesize phytohormonal substances which stimulate plant growth and development. Purpose . Investigation of Trichoderma viride 017 influence on mycocenosis cucumber root zone with Acremonium sp. 502 artificial plants infection. Methods . Molds biodiversity in rhizosphere, risoplane and histospheres of cucumber plants had been studied in field fine-grained experiment. Scheme of experiment: 1. Control (without the using microorganisms and chemical fungicide);2. Artificial infectious background (introduction the pathogen Acremonium sp. 502 into soil with cucumbers); 3. Artificial infectious background and inoculation of cucumber seeds with T. viride 017; 4. Artificial infectious background and soil spraying with chemical fungicide Previkur. Samples were carried out in a flowering phase. Picking up, accounting and cultivation of molds were made according to generally accepted methods. The field experiment was made in three duplications. The statistical processing of the results was made according to Dospehov. Results . Mycosenosis of cucumber root zone was represented by Acremonium Link, Alternaria Nees, Aspergillus Micheli, Chaetomium Kunze, Cladosporium Corda, Fusarium Link:Fr, Gliocladium Corda, Mortierella Coem, Mucor Micheli, Penicillium Link:Fr, Rhizopus Ehrenb, Trichoderma Hers and Dematiaceae. In control variant the maximum number of molds were found in rhizosphere. The number of molds in rhizosphere with an artificial infectious background significantly decreased. Here we found a significant number of molds that could be optional parasites ( Fusarium , Dematiaceae and Acremonium ).The inoculation of seeds with T. viride 017 caused an increase in the total number of molds. It was more than two times in comparison with artificial infectious background. Also the number of Fusarium , Acremonium and Dematiaceae decreased. The largest number of molds were found on roots surface in control, the smallest one was in variant with fungicide Previkur application and in variant with artificial infectious back ground. The usage of T. viride 017 ensured enlargement the molds number in 1,4-1,9 times according to variants with artificial infectious background and fungicide. Artificial infectious background made by Acremonium sp. 502 caused to enlargement of these molds in soil. T. viride 017 and fungicide Previkur promoted for decrease the number of Acremonium molds. The number of Fusarium was the most in variant with the chemical etchant. The usage of T. viride 017 ensured reduction of Fusarium in 1,2 times in comparison with the artificial infectious background. The number of Trichoderma molds was the most in variant with its inoculation. It can explained by optimal conditions for their development on cucumber plants roots. Histospheres molds were mainly facultative parasites ( Acremonium, Alternaria, Fusarium ) and representatives of families Penicillium, Cladosporium , Tri c hoderma . In control variant and the artificial infectious background variant the total number of molds was the highest. In control variant Fusarium and Penicillium representatives were dominative. The artificial infectious background variant had another dominative form of molds, the representatives of Acremonium . The inoculation of T. viride 017 and fungicide usageled to decrease the total number of molds in histosphere. In variant with chemical fungicide Previkur mycocenosis is represented mainly by optional parasites Fusarium and Acremonium . In variant with T. viride 017 inoculation the mold complex was formed by Penicillium , Alternaria and Trichoderma . The presence of Trichoderma molds in histosphere indicates their ability to form associations with cucumber plants. Originality . For the first time cucumber mycocenosis with Acremonium sp. 502 usingas an artificial plants infection had been studied. The less number of pathogenic molds ( Alternaria , Fusarium and Dematiaceae) were found in control variant and in samples of rhizosphere and risoplane without artificial infectious background. At the same time pathogenic molds were found much more with artificial infectious background. It can be explained that Acremonium sp . 502 not only affects the root system but also can attenuate plants immunity at seedling stage. Thus pathogens are able to colonize plants roots much easier. Conclusion . The strain T. viride 017 is settling down in root zone enough well. It is able to reduce the number of pathogen molds and can be used for making up a biological preparation for cucumber plants protection in particular against Acremonium sp. 502.


This report will begin to explore the issues, discussing what forms a transition from today's electric power grid to a grid of the future could take, and suggest questions that Congress may want to address. The United States seems to be at a turning point in the history of the electric power sector, some have advocated for the electric utility industry model to be reinvented under a "Utility 2.0" paradigm, wherein the modern needs of society for electric power and services become the driving force behind utility investments.


The newly constructed, four-spot anemometer was shown to perform as predicted. The new anemometer's measurement region has the required characteristics: wide acceptance angle and high spatial selectivity to permit measurements in turbulent, hostile environments.


For the first time in the theory of media, the publication of the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute named after A.S. Bubnov (MGPI) - the newspaper Kultharmeets is considered. The newspaper Kultharmeets is an important historical document that reflected the realities of research processes and the socio-political situation in Russian educational institutions in the early 1930s. Such famous figures of education as Dmitry I. Azbukin, Mikhail Ye. Dyment presented their scientific and pedagogical views here, students of the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute, who later became famous scientists and writers in Armenia (Gurgen Hovnan, Kazar Ayvazyan and others), were published here. The history of the newspaper Kultharmeets , its problems, features of the organization are investigated, the list of editors is published for the first time. As an empirical material, some previously unexplored archival documents on student media of the Central Archives of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, the Central State Archive of Moscow, the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute named after A.S. Bubnov (minutes of meetings of the university party Committee) were used and introduced into scientific circulation. The analysis of the articles of Kultharmeets contributes to the study of the history of Russian pedagogy and journalism.


This paper deals with the acoustic radiation from an unbaffled rotating disk. It is shown that when the disk is rotating, the natural modes are no longer stationary modes but are transformed into rotating waves. Using the concept of rotating waves instead of the retarded time potential method, rotation effects are taken into account in the vibratory part of the problem. Thus no assumption has to be made on the rotation speed and the near pressure field can be evaluated. A new collocation method is proposed to solve the double‐layer potential problem which does not require evaluating double‐surface integration as when using classical methods. A new analytical formula is established to evaluate the Hadamard finite part of the auto‐influent terms. Radiation efficiencies of unbaffled rotating waves are calculated and charts are given which are useful for designing quiet circular disks such as saw blades or rotating wheels. Rotating waves are classified as radiating and nonradiating. The disk is not assumed to...


Thank you, Dean, for your kind remarks. First, a few words about the role of the ICTY. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia is, as you all know, the court of law established under Chapter VII of the UN Charter to address grave international crimes that took place in the Balkans in the 1990s. Its mandate, more specifically, is to bring to justice those individuals alleged to be responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the former Yugoslavia since 1991, and thus contribute to the restoration and maintenance of peace in the region. The ICTY's indictments have charged 161 persons, including heads of state, prime ministers, army chiefs of staff, interior ministers, and many other highand mid-level political, military, and police leaders from various parties to the Yugoslav conflicts. Notably, as you all know, the ICTY was the first war crimes tribunal created by the United Nations and the first truly international war crimes tribunal since the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals, which were founded in the wake of the Second World War and were, in effect, occupation courts. The establishment of the ICTY and its sister tribunal, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, in the early 1990s not only helped to lead the way for the establishment of a number of other ad hoc international criminal courts, but demonstrated that the international community was fully committed to ending the impunity for the gravest of international crimes by making international criminal justice a reality. The ICTY and the ICTR were also an important catalyst for the adoption of the Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court. In addition, the ICTY has contributed to the international legal system in a far more straightforward manner through its cases and its jurisprudence. In case after case, the Chambers of the ICTY have shown that it is possible and practical to apply international criminal and humanitarian law in actual cases, not just a few times, as in Nuremberg, but repeatedly and in ways consistent with fair trial principles. The ICTY Chambers have construed, clarified, and applied customary humanitarian law, helping to articulate and strengthen norms concerning the protection of civilians and modes of individual criminal responsibility and firmly rooting its jurisprudence in the principle of legality. No less important, the decisions and judgments of the ICTY have also addressed a wide variety of procedural and evidentiary issues by reference to international standards, thus creating—perhaps for the first time—an important corpus of procedural law to which both international courts and national jurisdiction may refer. And even the factual determinations in the ICTY cases have contributed to the international legal system, as in the ICJ's ruling in the Genocide Case, where the ICJ's reliance on factual


Motifs are widely used as textures on daily products for their regular and repetitive aesthetics. However, motif design is hard for novices. In this article, we introduce a design exploring system to enable novices to experience motif design easily by simple interactions. We propose the symmetry dependency syntax to encode motif elements and symmetric relations to diverse tree structures. Based on that, we provide motif variation mechanisms, including propagation, adjustment, and attachment, to generate new motifs while recovering motif symmetries broken by the user's manipulations on a motif. When the user deletes, inserts, transforms or replaces an element in a motif, the system automatically generates diverse new symmetric motifs by an encoding-variation flow. Experimental results show that our system can generate diverse motifs in regular visual effects with simple editing interactions, significantly reduce the barrier of motif design for novices.


Energy-saving and green technology plays an important role in the development of civil engineering in the new era. The concept of energy saving and environmental protection can not only ensure the coordination between civil engineering construction and urban living environment, but also reduce construction cost and avoid energy consumption. This article analyzes the common problems in the construction of civil engineering, and discusses the application of energy-saving and green technology in civil engineering. Corresponding measures are also put forward to promote the energy-saving and green technology, as well as the sustainable development of the construction industry.


The utility model relates to a full-automatic lubricating grease filling machine, which is composed of a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic grease storage box, a lubricating grease storage box, a power cylinder, a grease filling cylinder, and a control valve group which is connected with a control circuit. A time relay controls an electromagnetic valve to lead the power cylinder to move forwards and backwards, so as to drive the grease filling cylinder to absorb and to discharge the grease, thereby achieving the purpose of grease filling. The full-automatic lubricating grease filling machine is suitable for filling grease to a mine car and large equipment, and capable of saving labor and increasing work efficiency.


A liquid hydrogen target which incorporates a mechanical refrigerator for cooling rather than using a liquid hydrogen reservoir or cold helium gas has been successfully operated at Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the mechanical refrigerator eliminates the hazard of a large liquid hydrogen inventory in the vicinity of the target. In addition, remote operation is greatly simplified over methods previously used. A commercially available 20.4 K refrigerator, standard gas handling and purifying components, and a specially constructed nonmetallic target flask comprise the mechanical portions of the target system. The target flask requires approximately 20 cc of liquid hydrogen. The system has operated satisfactorily in the external accelerated proton beam of the Zero Gradient Synchrotron.


Has the Hazelwood decision had a significant effect on educational gov ernance? This article examines the local response and looks at the cur rent state of student expressive rights.


The purpose of this study describe about aesthetic of korean art and costume. Therefore we understand the beauty of korean style well. Methods of this study are the analysis of the paper before published on the aesthetic and costume aesthetic. Especially in the global postmodern age, the understanding of the value of korean beauty and costume are very important. This study define of the special character. That is as follows. 1) Beauty of form a. Harmony of line different character b. Composition of plane make super space aesthetic c. Beauty of asymmetric, non formal, freedom of dressed man d. Beauty of symbolic color 2) Beauty of mind a. Aesthetic of the north nomads feeling b. View of the naturalism c. Ceremony of confucianism d. Preservation of original form, koreanization from heterogeneity


An experimental investigation of the critical current (Ic) degradation of multilayer twisted yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) tapes in self-field was performed. The influence of the number of tape layers (N) and twist pitch (P) on critical current was researched. The results showed that the influence of helical bending strain and perpendicular self-field on critical current degradation was a comprehensive process. No critical current degradation was found when there was just one layer and the twist pitch was over 20 mm. However, the situation would change when the number of tape layers increased. The critical current degradation would increase with increase in helical bending strain or perpendicular self-field. The critical current degradation can reach a maximum of 24.6% when the helical bending strain was 0.23% and the number of tape layers was 5. A mathematic formula was set up to express the comprehensive influence of helical bending strain and perpendicular self-field on critical current degradation. The results can provide an important theoretical foundation for the application of high temperature superconducting tapes and the design of YBCO cables.


The metro line of stations planning and distribution are an important part of the overall layout of the city metro lines, the allocation of urban metro stations, mainly relying on past experience, or directly apply data metro lines which have been built, which is not meet the local condition, and resulting in many sites irrational. At the same time, the accessibility of these sites is also verified. Certainly, space syntax inevitably has its limitations, but after proper extension, the space syntax method can be used to instruct traffic reconstructing and urban planning etc.


SUMMARY

The earliest blood transfusions date back to the mid-seventeenth century1. It was not until the early part of the twentieth century that blood transfusion became a mainstay of clinical practice. The value of blood transfusion was unchallenged through most of this century. Blood transfusion was looked upon as relatively risk-free, making surgery with levels less than 10 g/dL unthinkable. It was not until the early 1980's that transfusion practices began to come under systematic scrutiny24.The debate over transfusion risks has over the last decade led to a more critical examination of transfusion benefits. This review will focus on transfusion practice in the critically ill patient and the potential role of erythropoietin in the management of these patients.


The X(3872), whose mass coincides with the D^{0}D[over ¯]^{*0} threshold, is the most extended hadron object. Since its discovery in 2003, debates have never stopped regarding its internal structure. We propose a new object, the X atom, which is the D^{±}D^{*∓} composite system with positive charge parity and a mass of (3879.89±0.07)  MeV, formed mainly due to the Coulomb force. We show that a null signal of the X atom can be used to put a lower limit on the binding energy of the X(3872). From the current knowledge of the X(3872) properties, the production rate for the X atom relative to the X(3872) in B decays and at hadron colliders should be at least 1×10^{-3}. New insights into the X(3872) will be obtained through studying the X atom.


proper subject of inquiry for international lawyers interested in promoting a more humane world order than now exists. Simply put, the profound disparity between a war system out of control and d a y t o d a y human suffering and degradation on a mass scale is but a mirror image of the norms, procedures, and institutions which serve to make up and define the constitutive and applicative structure of our present world order. And this, surely, is a matter that is inescapably grist for the international lawyer's mill, inviting serious and long term consideration.


Sport specialization for young athletes has become a prerequisite for sport achievement, but academics have yet to explore the effects that sport specialization has on athletes' participation patterns. Thus, this project explores the following research question: what are the effects of sport specialization on the individual volleyball athlete in terms of: i) patterns of participation in sport; and ii) consumption patterns in the sport industry? The methodological approach was to interview current and retired volleyball players aged 18 to 30 in Calgary, Alberta. The findings indicate that specialization in volleyball directly impacts an athlete's patterns of participation in the sport of volleyball and the sport industry broadly. Participants indicated that their specialization years led to a specialized "mindset" and specialized knowledge, a unique analytical experience that influences sport participation and few individuals outside of the specialized athletic community acquire. Many participants also articulated that specialized training led to an identity as a "volleyball player" which was associated with a reduced desire to participate in other sports recreationally. Many participants explained how specialization affected their socialization (both positively and negatively) and led them to foster connections in a virtual community. The findings are a call to action for the volleyball industry to evaluate the participation patterns in specialized volleyball training and implement changes to benefit specialized athletes and the industry.
Keywords: sport specialization, participation, sport industry, volleyball


In GaAs double‐heterostructure potential wells at moderate injection levels, surface, radiative, and Auger recombination can all be suppressed. This leaves only Shockley–Read–Hall recombination which is mediated by defects in the crystallographic structure. In a survey of organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD), liquid phase epitaxy, and molecular beam epitaxy, we find that all the growth methods produce better than expected material quality with recombination lifetimes at room temperature as high as ∼2 μs observed in the best OMCVD material. If this lifetime were to be maintained during device processing, then material quality would not be the limiting factor in the implementation of certain novel device concepts.


Urban and industrial air pollution causes mutations in somatic cells of birds and rodents. Less clear is whether such mutations are caused by particulate air pollutants or by gases, and whether mutations could occur in germinal cells as well as somatic cells. …


Current study monitored Electerical Conductivity (EC) as soil salinity index and Organic Matter (OM) in the area of Harat in Yazd, Iran, through remote sensing technology with high spatial and spectral resolution. The images were selected from IRS, LISS III satellites between the years 2008 and 2012. After preprocessing and analyzing the images, the relationship between parameters of (EC) and (OM) spectral reflections were determined, and both two-satellite images were classified using maximum likelihood method. Results showed that during the period (2008-2012) organic matter content of all farmlands increased and the area of saline land decreased. This trend showed that agriculture activities help reduction of desertification. Accuracy classification and coefficient kappa obtained for salinity map in 2008 were equal to 82% and 0.73, and in 2012, were equal to 84% and 0.70 respectively. Accuracy of classification and coefficient kappa obtained for Organic matter map in 2008 were equal to 85.5% and 0.76 and in 2012, were equal to 84% and 0.74 respectively. This research indicates that remote sensing data, especially IRS-LissIIIimages, have high efficiency for detection of soil salinity and organic matter changes and natural resources management.


The hydrothermal method to deposit lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film is a new method reported by Tsurumi et al.. in 1991. This method consists of two linked processes. We have found that the film deposited by the first process is not PZT but separated lead zirconate (PZ) and lead titanate (PT). In this paper, we report that a PZT thin film was successfully deposited by a single process. The chemical construction and composition of the film were analyzed. The Zr/(Zr+Ti) ratio of the PZT film was controlled by changing the ionic composition of the solution.


Magnetic properties of High-Entropy Alloys based on the Fe-Co-Ni-Al-Mn system are reported. HighEntropy Alloys are cutting-edge technological materials containing five or more elements in relatively high concentrations (5-35 at.%) within one or several solid-state solutions. These solutions are stabilized at the nanometer scale due to the increased contribution of the mixing entropy to the Gibbs free energy, which can overcome the enthalpic contribution. Two magnetic alloys are found in FeCoNiA1xM$\mathrm{n}_{\mathrm{x}}$ (1.6 at.% $\leq x\leq$7.8 at.%) samples processed by laser metal deposition. The magnetic techniques used to screen the materials were magneto-optical imaging and magnetic force microscopy. The former allows characterizing magnetic properties within the mm-pm scale, while the latter is efficient down to the nanometer scale. Magnetic screening confirms the importance of the nanostructure in defining the alloys' magnetic properties, and the trends in the magnetic behavior as a function of the alloy composition are revealed. The experimental results suggest that it is possible to form unique alloys, which may outperform conventional magnetic materials used in various applications such as transformers, screening shields, and wind power generators.


Dependence of the critical moment of threephase asynchronous motors on frequency of a feeding voltage and length of the stator core is analytically defined. On example of 4А series engines the comparative characteristic of mass, size and energy parameters of the two-pole and modified multipolar engines is given.


In 1984 the author published From Knowledge to Wisdom, a book that argues that a revolution in academia is urgently needed, so that problems of living, including global problems, are put at the heart of the enterprise, and the basic aim becomes to seek and promote wisdom, and not just acquire knowledge. Every discipline and aspect of academia needs to change, and the whole way in which academia is related to the rest of the social world. Universities devoted to the pursuit of knowledge and technological know-how betray reason and, as a result, betray humanity. As a result of becoming more intellectually rigorous, academic inquiry becomes of far greater benefit to humanity. If the revolution argued for all those years ago had been taken up and put into academic practice, we might now live in a much more hopeful world than the one that confronts us. Humanity might have begun to learn how to solve global problems; the Amazon rain forests might not face destruction; we might not be faced with mass extinction of species; Brexit might not have been voted for in the UK in 2016, and Trump might not have been elected President in the USA. An account is given of work published by the author during the years 1972–2021 that expounds and develops the argument. The conclusion is that we urgently need to create a high-profile campaign devoted to transforming universities in the way required so that humanity may learn how to make social progress toward a better, wiser, more civilized, enlightened world.


FDA approves Biovitals Analytics Engine which uses machine-learning and artificial intelligence to correlate multiple vital signs and a heart failure patient's daily activity


An original approach to solve rigorously a class of wave scattering problems from thin elliptic disks is developed. Applying the boundary conditions, this non-traditional formulation first establishes two-dimensional dual integral equations with trigonometric function kernels for an unknown spectral density function. A parametrisation technique transforms these equations to "disk-like" one-dimensional dual integral equations with Bessel function kernels, that are solved by the Method of Regularisation. Finally, each problem is reduced to the solution of an infinite system of linear equations of the second kind for unknown coefficients arising from representation of the unknown spectral density function by a Neumann's series. INTRODUCTION The thin plate of finite extent with highest symmetry is a circular disk. Various wave scattering problems for circular disks have been comprehensively examined by many authors. Breaking this symmetry introduces a complexity which seems to be unsolvable by rigorous methods; mostly these problems are solved by purely numerical techniques. The main drawback of these techniques is well-known: it is impossible to make a valid estimate of the accuracy of calculations and to guarantee the accuracy of the estimated physical quantities. This limitation is common to all purely numerical techniques applied to first-kind Fredholm equations. Certainly, second-kind Fredholm equations are preferable since the Fredholm alternative guarantees the convergence of the solution to the finitely truncated system to the true solution. The main problem is how to obtain such well-behaved equations. To solve this problem we use the Method of Regularisation (MoR) to transform the original functional equations, corresponding a first-kind Fredholm equation, to a well-conditioned second-kind Fredholm equation in matrix formulation. The key point of the MoR is the splitting of the initial problem operator into singular (or, with some care, "static" part) and regular (smooth) parts and the analytical construction of the inverse of the singular operator. The next step is the application of the inverse operator to the split operator, yielding the sum of the identity operator and a completely-continuous operator. Thus the posed problem is finally reduced to the desired format. Many practical examples of this approach may be found in [l]. In this paper we extend the MoR to solve a new class of wave scattering problems for "disk-like" structures shaped as elliptic plates. In contrast to the analogous problem for circular disks, this problem has been largely untouched by rigorous approaches: the most significant results were achieved in [2],[3]. In this paper we restrict .ourselves to one problem: plane wave scattering by acoustically hard elliptic plate, but note that the same approach extends (with some additional complexity) to various other acoustic and EM wave-scattering problems from these elliptic plates. The case of electromagnetic plane wave incidence is characterised by the mutual coupling of the TEand TM-modes resulting in a coupled infinite system of linear algebraic equations (i.s.1.a.e.). PROBLEM STATEMENT Let the acoustically hard elliptic plate with minor and major semi-axes a and b, respectively, lie in the plane z = 0 with centre located at the origin (see Figure 1); let a/b < 1. It is excited by the normally incident plane wave with velocity potential Us = exp(ikz) where the harmonic time dependence exp(-iwt) is supressed throughout the text. Decompose the total field as the sum Utot = Ue + USC, where the scattered field in Cartesian coordinates (z, y, .z) is representable in the form \ Ubc(x, y, 2) = sgn(z) J Co dv co9 vx 0 J 03 dpg(v, p) cospye-~"~-. (1) 0 The unknown spectral density g is to be determined. The Sommerfeld radiation conditions require the choice 1m( y2 + p2 k2) < 0. The boundary conditions are u SC (2, Y, +0) = UJC(x, Y, -O), dg+g>1. (3) PROBLEM SOLUTION Enforcement of the boundary conditions leads to the two-dimensional dual integral equations for the unknown function G(v, r) = g(v, d-/q), where q = a/b: drrJo(Tbp) lT dvG(v, T)/v = ikq2, p < 1, s co s 7 dmJo(rbp) G(v, 4 0 o k@-J=Q P>l* (4


Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is a versatile scanning probe imaging technique that allows for simultaneous elucidation of structure activity relationships at the nanoscale in defined electrolyte volumes and provides high resolution (nm length scale) information on the topography of surfaces and interfaces1. Since its inception in 2010 SECCM has improved understanding of model systems such as graphene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles and conductive diamond and provided electrochemists with a tool for true single entity measurements. Electrodeposition of microscale thin films has previously been reported2 but not of crystalline species, which is the focus of this work.
 SECCM can also be used as a tool for the precise delivery of nano to microscale solution droplets to surfaces. By using optically transparent yet conductive substrates (such as indium tin oxide (ITO), gold or graphene ) we can couple SECCM to highly surface-sensitive imaging modes such as interference reflectance microscopy (IRM)3 or traditional brightfield microscopy, allowing the evaporation and consequent precipitation of solutes to be monitored. The SECCM apparatus allows the deposition of large arrays, under well-defined conditions (deposition time, surface potential), with each droplet representing an individual and independent crystallisation experiment and provides statistical data based on single particle level. The emergence of precipitates within these arrays is tracked to investigate the effect of additives and also surface potential on crystallisation.
 SECCM can use capacitative response to examine minimally ionised systems, non-aqueous solvents etc allowing organic crystals to be studied. This work focuses on the precipitation of two such model organic systems: l-cystine and 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (ROY). l-Cystine is of biological relevance due to its role in the formation of kidney stone's which are resistant to traditional therapies4. The need therefore arises for l-cystine crystallisation inhibitors making it a prime candidate for testing additive screening procedures. ROY is investigated as a model system5 to identify the merits of SECCM-IRM as a polymorph screen method. We show how sensitive precipitation is to substrate, applied potential and solvent system.

 References

 Ebejer, N.; Güell, A. G.; Lai, S. C. S.; McKelvey, K.; Snowden, M. E.; Unwin, P. R., Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy: A Versatile Technique for Nanoscale Electrochemistry and Functional Imaging. Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry
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 Aaronson, B. D. B.; Garoz-Ruiz, J.; Byers, J. C.; Colina, A.; Unwin, P. R., Electrodeposition and Screening of Photoelectrochemical Activity in Conjugated Polymers Using Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy. Langmuir
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 Valavanis, D.; Ciocci, P.; Gabriel; Morris, P.; Lemineur, J.-F.; McPherson, I. J.; Kanoufi, F.; Unwin, P. R., Hybrid scanning electrochemical cell microscopy-interference reflection microscopy (SECCM-IRM): tracking phase formation on surfaces in small volumes. Faraday Discussions
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 Rimer, J. D.; An, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Lee, M. H.; Goldfarb, D. S.; Wesson, J. A.; Ward, M. D., Crystal Growth Inhibitors for the Prevention of l -Cystine Kidney Stones Through Molecular Design. Science
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 Lévesque, A.; Maris, T.; Wuest, J. D., ROY Reclaims Its Crown: New Ways To Increase Polymorphic Diversity. Journal of the American Chemical Society
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We discuss the possibility that dark matter is made of a new complex massive vector field with a global $U(1)$-symmetry. The field interacts with the Standard Model via coupling to the gauge field of the hypercharge group. We study classical homogeneous configurations arising in the theory. Some of these configurations include magnetic components of the Standard Model electromagnetic field tensor. This opens a possibility to relate the origin of possible primordial magnetic fields to the cosmological evolution of vector dark matter condensates composed of magnetic bosons.


Nebulizer, and proposes a container and a display device having a fluid for such a nebulizer. Display device stops further use of the container in the locked state when the number of uses predetermined been or exceeded has been reached. Then, nebulizer is prevented against partially opened and further use. After replacement of the container including a display device, a nebulizer can be used again. .Field


This paper aims at developing electroless plated nickel phosphorus (Ni–P) as a mold material for glass microgroove forming by glass molding press (GMP) method. A kind of Ni–P with excellent machinability is investigated for the mold fabrication. The mechanical characteristics and the performance of amorphous nickel phosphorus (a-Ni–P) plating layer were experimentally tested. In order to increase the shape consistency and prolong the service life of the mold, polycrystalline nickel phosphorus (c-Ni–P) was developed by heat treatment. With the increase of the hardness after crystallization, the plating layer eywords: lass molding press ickel phosphorus rystallization icrogroove manufacturing shape changes due to the heat treatment, and the strategy to deal with the deformation and the techniques to produce c-Ni–P mold are generalized. Finally, the performance of c-Ni–P mold was experimentally tested, which confirmed that c-Ni–P is a workable mold material for glass microgroove forming. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Human tripeptidyl peptidase II : structure and function of a high molecular weight exopeptidase with an active site of the subtilisin type


Tecta, Coch, Eya4 and Strc are mouse orthologs of four human deafness-associated genes. Their expression is markedly restricted to specific cell types in cochleae. Cochleae were dissected on embryonic day 15 and cultured in vitro. Relative messenger RNA abundance of each gene was quantified by RT-PCR and compared in-vivo cochleae of equivalent embryonic age. After 48 h in culture, in-vivo and explant Strc expression levels were equivalent, Eya4 level reduced in explanted tissues, and expression of Tecta and Coch did not show the expected temporal rise. Expression of these genes was detectable even after 96 h. These results suggest that it is feasible to test the expression of inner ear specific genes in explanted cochleae.


The invention relates to a microelectrolysis method for waste water treatment under an alkaline condition. The method includes the following processing step: waste water is led into a microelectrolysis reaction tank for microelectrolysis treatment, wherein the potential of hydrogen (PH) value of the waste water is between 8 and 12, the microelectrolysis reaction tank contains an alkaline microelectrode which comprises powder-shaped anode materials and powder-shaped cathode materials, and the powder-shaped anode materials and the powder-shaped cathode materials are arranged on a porous carrier. Compared with an existing microelectrolysis treatment process under an acidic condition, the microelectrolysis process for the waste water treatment under the alkaline condition can be directly used for microelectrolysis treatment of alkaline industrial waste water, the alkaline industrial waste water does not need to be pre-adjusted to acidic waste water, and therefore process is simplified, and cost is saved.


The researcher opts for the study entitled Development and Evaluation of Module in Fluid Mechanics. The purpose of this study is to develop instructional module in Fluid Mechanics. Specificallyi.it aimed to evaluate the module in terms of content, design and features, organization and presentation, clarity, assessment, style or Creativity, and illustration. This study made use of the descriptive comparative research design. It described the modules and compared the assessment of respondents in terms of Learning outcomes/objectives, Structure and Layout, Self-assessment Questions and Activities, Response to Self-Assessment Questions, The Text itself, Learning Content, General Instructional, and Vocabulary and it compared the ratings given by teachers and students. The instrument used in the study was a questionnaire developed by the researcher and validated by the experts using five (5) point rating scale for the eight (8) aspects of modules The respondents of the study were the Nine (9) Physics faculty of Isabela state University and the thirteen (13) Science major students chosen through purposive sampling. The data were tabulated and illustrated to arrive significance finding thru mean, standard deviation and t-test. The study revealed that the developed learning modules in Fluid Mechanics are acceptable learning material for teachers and students of Isabela State University. In regard to the evaluation of the developed modules, students desire a better quality of module than the teachers particularly in terms of layout and structure. Meanwhile, teachers have better appreciation for the modules' learning objectives than the students due to teaching experience and maturity.


In this paper comparative analysis of germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) p-channel MOSFET (PMOS), partial buried oxide (Pi-OX), Pi-OX with n<sup>+</sup> partial ground plane (PGP), and Pi-OX with δ-doping PMOS devices has been carried out. It has been found that, employing Pi-OX with δ-doping in Ge PMOS not only reduces the self-heating effect but also reduces the short-channel effects of the device. Further, off-state leakage current (/<inf>OFF</inf>), drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and the subthreshold swing (S) in the case of GeOI Pi-OX-δ structure are reduced by ∼44%, ∼65% and ∼37% respectively over the GeOI, GeOI Pi-OX, and GeOI Pi-OX-PGP structures. In addition to this, on-state drive current (I<inf>oN</inf>) and I<inf>oN</inf>/I<inf>oFF</inf> in the case of GeOI Pi-OX-δ PMOS device are improved by ∼10% and ∼78% respectively over the GeOI, GeOI Pi-OX, and GeOI Pi-OX-PGP devices. This clearly shows that, GeOI Pi-OX-δ PMOS device is the most promising device for low-power high speed nanoscale integrated circuits.


Ag is grown epitaxially on Cu(111) to form quantum wells. The resulting quantum-well states and resonances, observed with angle-resolved photoemission, exhibit shifts in energy for varying emission directions and for changing Ag-film thicknesses. The results are utilized in a determination of the Ag bulk {ital sp}-band dispersion relation near the {ital L} point in the Brillouin zone. Effective masses and the Fermi surface near the {ital L} point are deduced. The Fermi surface agrees well with that obtained earlier from de Haas--van Alphen measurements.


This research was the assessment of inventory control on the performance of Fair Construction Company and its specific objective was, to determine approaches of inventory control used by Fair Construction Company, to find out the inventory costs incurred in procurement process in Fair Construction Company and to establish the relationship between inventory control and financial performance in Fair Construction Company, The research design used was both qualitative and quantitative methods. The researcher used a Self-Administered Questionnaire (SAQ) in order to solicit the needed information; The collected data was analyzed using spss software packages in order to count the responses and made statistical frequency distribution. Putting the information provided by the respondents in tables together with corresponding ratings in terms of percentage.


The objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting the drivers' acceptance of an automated vehicle and to develop an acceptance model for partially and fully automated vehicles. To achieve this, we elicited factors from previous literature and conducted a survey study. Then, a research model was developed consisting of perceived usefulness, trust, safety, system aspects, infrastructure aspects and driver characteristic. The survey was conducted with 594 participants (295: partially automated vehicle, 299: fully automated vehicle) and the results were analyzed by AMOS for Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that 23 out of 36 hypotheses (11: partially automated vehicle, 12: fully automated vehicle) were statistically supported. We identified that the factor affecting drivers' acceptance is different according to the automation level. In conclusion, the importance of trust and safety revealed, and key factors in system aspect, infrastructure aspect and driver characteristic derived to promote drivers' acceptance.


The study focuses on construction the important indicators of digital literacy competences and hierarchy of learning. A fusion fuzzy Delphi questionnaire is proposed to solve the drawback of traditional Delphi Method. The expert opinions and the repeating time for survey could be decreased. Therefore the time and capital could be reduced.


A switching system (15) of a gearbox for selecting and switching speed ratios including at least one transmitting member (1) for transmitting tilting movement initialized by switching operations and / or selection, as well as a bearing (16). The movements of the transmission element (1) being guided in a predetermined direction by a guide path (21, 23) are bounded by the guide element (25), the bearing (16) accommodating the transmission member (1) at least in part tiltably. The bearing ring (19) is provided with the guide path.


A geographical information system (GIS) is a framework capable to assemble, keep, process and display specific information, identified by geographical location, which can combines layers of information to give the user a better understanding about that location. Intelligent agents prove to be a useful tool for data mining in geographical distributed knowledge bases. In this paper we present a method of using intelligent agents for discovering association rules in geographical datasets.


In the recent years, obtaining a sustainable form of energy to power various autonomous wireless and portable devices is increasingly becoming a matter of concern and various alternate sources of energy have been explored. This paper discusses energy harvesting or energy scavenging as an efficient approach to cater to the energy needs of portable electronics. A comparison of various ambient sources for harvesting energy is done and an insight into some applications based on this concept is made. Also discussed are some modifications to the existing harvesting architecture in which the selection of the source is considered as important criteria in designing the energy harvester. This concept can be used to produce variable outputs to power energy requirements of the various systems.


This paper analyzes the points and requirements of the equipment support of the rescue operations according to the particularity of rescuing and the physical geography of disaster area.Briefly introduces the equipment support situation of military operations in the Ms8.0 Whenchuan Earthquake rescuing.It puts forward suggestions on responding to accomplishing equipment support in the future.


Abstract This project was designed to observe the hemato-biochemical effects of sub-lethal doses of thiamethoxam (TMX) in broiler chicks. A-day old chicks (n = 90) were procured from the local market and maintained under standard housing conditions and divided into five equal groups (18 birds/group). The experimental trial continued for 45 days. Sub-lethal doses of TMX including 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg B.W. to groups A, B, C and D were administered through crop tube, respectively. Group E served as a control. Blood and serum samples were collected from each group on 10th, 17th, 24th, 31st, 38th and 45th day of the experiment. The data were analyzed through ANOVA by MSTAT-C. All hematological parameters were determined. Serum samples were analyzed for ALT, AST, total proteins and urea. It was concluded from this study that even sub-lethal doses of TMX have toxic effects on hematology and biochemical parameters.


Since everyone interested in Indian studies has probably read Mr. Rabindranath Tagore's Gitanjali, and has learned from Mr. Yeats's Introduction to that work that its author is an expert in many other matters than poetry, it may be interesting to readers of our Journal to know that Mr. Tagore has written a very suggestive and original study under the title of Śabdatattwa of the grammar and phonetics of his native language. It would take too much space to give an account of the whole book, which, after all, contains many technicalities which are only useful to professed students of Bengali. But I may be allowed to give a brief description of the chapter which criticizes Mr. Beames, well-known Bengali Grammar. This chapter relates almost entirely to questions of pronunciation, and these are notoriously difficult to discuss in writing. The differences between Mr. Beanies and his critic are sometimes, I think, partly due to this difficulty.


The advent of the Novel Coronavirus pandemic has entirely transmuted the ways we used to live by previously. With crippling economies worldwide and unemployment at its pinnacle ever since the 'The Great Depression', a lot of individuals have been laid off from their means of living. While some employers are fortunate enough to still have a steady source of income, they are oftentimes oblivious about the technical expertise and remote working stratagems in order to shift their business model in a successful e-business archetype.Remote work is the only credible ray of hope for lawyers as well as law firms to endure this difficult period of adversity. Therefore, adding value to lawyer-client relationships in a virtual setup is equivalently important as its physical counterpart. The debacle of looking down upon remote work and putting it on an inferior pedestal will bring forth devastating upshots for lawyers as well as law firms. While the problems of remote work have been deliberated on from time to time, barely any fruitful conversation oriented towards discussing the probable solutions has been instigated. The ensuing article entails a solution-focused brief therapy approach to unravel a few persuasive recommendations to effectively reinforce lawyer-client relationships in a remote working pedagogy in this Coronavirus inflicted world and the road ahead. The article further illustrates how can attorneys practically cater to their clients without even leaving their doorstep and also highlights the pros and cons of this newfound remote working paradigm. The concluding part of the article sheds light on the ethical obligations of telecommuting attorneys and enshrines a "3Cs" model to tackle the virtuous conundrums.


A revision of the life and work of Ada Lovelace, which contains nearly 400 letters. She was Lord Byron's daughter and acted as interpretress for Charles Babbage, the computer pioneer. She was one of the first people to write programmes of instruction for Babbage's analytical engines.


Brush‐like ZnO/TiO2 core‐shell nanostructures have been prepared by a two‐step route combined with hydrothermal method and magnetron sputter. Electronic properties of these interesting nanostructures were investigated by both photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption. Near edge X‐ray absorption were measured by total electron yield mode and fluorescence mode. The two different modes showed different spectra, which were attributed to the different penetration depths and the self‐absorption effect in the fluorescence mode. The experimental findings suggest the brush‐like nanostructures should offer significant potential in photocatalysis applications.


XML,as the carrier of data exchange,to be imported into the database is the key problem.This paper illustrated XML database storage mode and mapping technology.


In this article, I track the contemporary possibilities for the global circulation of extravirgin olive oil. Recent technoscientific discoveries about the health benefits of extravirgin olive oil combine with narratives about olive oil's "ancientness" and "naturalness" to make it a very successful food commodity in an era of global concern about the risks of "industrial" food. "The Mediterranean" has emerged as a culture area that is defined by food in two realms: in a scientific register ("the Mediterranean Diet") and in contemporary gustatory discourses of distinction that imagine "the Mediterranean" as a site of delicious, "real" food as opposed to the industrial, processed food of the North Atlantic.


Anthropogenic land cover change, e.g. deforestation and forest degradation cause carbon emission. To estimate deforestation and forest degradation, it is important to have reliable data on vegetation and carbon distribution. In Mexico, land cover maps are available at national level in which vegetation is described in four statuses: primary, secondary ("woodland"), secondary ("shrub land"), and secondary ("grass") according to degradation stages. Data on biomass/carbon distribution are also available including: (1) INFyS: national forest and soil inventory; (2) MODIS WHRC: biomass data by Woodshole Research Center for Pantropical region using MODIS data; (3) PALSAR EHRC: biomass data produced by WHRC for Mexico using PALSAR data; (4) MODIS VCF: Vegetation Continuous Fields percent tree cover layer. The aim of this study is 1) to evaluate if degradation stages and biomass are positively correlated, e.g. better preserved vegetation has more biomass, and 2) to evaluate the spatial patterns of the comparison in 1) using geographically weighted regression (GWR), 3) to assess the correlation among the biomass datasets including VCF data. Results show that 1) in general, the biomass value decreases following the degradation stages and the most degraded stage corresponds to the least biomass value. Cuzick value shows that this trend is significant in most of the cases. However, there is serious overlapping in biomass values in various stages. 2) GWR results show that in some regions the four disturbance stages corresponds better with the difference in biomass values. The regions with higher parameter value show better correlation. 3) The biomass data from PALSAR WHRC show higher Spearman values and thus stronger correlation with the biomass data from INFyS. However, due to that biomass data from INfyS and PALSAR WHRC are not independent; we consider the better correlation is from the rest two biomass datasets.


The article presents conceptual basis and outlines for a new direction in the ecosestate – fiscal security of the state. A range of vital conceptual problems have been addressed in the article, including defining the concept of the fiscal security, defining key terms, identification of status of fiscal security as scientific discipline in the ecosestate and distinguishing its institutional boundaries.
The author emphasises, that problems and dysfunctions of the public finance system can create dangerous threats to the economic security of the state. They undermine the stability and effectiveness of basic economic institutions, weaken the country's economic sovereignty as well as reduce financial resources for its development. The author provides update of basic definitions and introduces new ones to outline concept of the fiscal security. According to presented approach "fiscal security of the state" reflects a performance of the public finance system that enable government to carry out its functions and tasks effectively as well as to resist external and internal threats to the economic and social stability in the state.
Some provisions of the theory of economic security of the state have been revised, according to which fiscal security is being considered as part of the country's financial security. The author justifies the thesis, that public finance system itself is one of the crucial factors of the economic security of the state, therefore fiscal security should be considered as an autonomous component of the economic security of the state.
Based on the considerations outlined in the article two separate components of the economic security of the state are proposed to be distinguished – financial security and fiscal security. An internal structure of each component is introduced as well in the article, which allows to define their institutional borders.


The microbiota shields the host against infections in a process known as colonization resistance. How infections themselves shape this fundamental process remains largely unknown. Here, we show that gut microbiota from previously infected hosts display enhanced resistance to infections. This long-term functional remodeling is associated with altered bile acid metabolism leading to the expansion of taxa that utilize the sulfonic acid taurine. Notably, supplying exogenous taurine alone is sufficient to induce this alteration in microbiota function and enhance resistance. Mechanistically, taurine potentiates the microbiota's production of sulfide, an inhibitor of cellular respiration, which is key to host invasion by numerous pathogens. As such, pharmaceutical sequestration of sulfide perturbs the microbiota's composition and promotes pathogen invasion. Together, this work reveals a process, akin to the immune system's capacity for training, by which the host can deploy taurine as a prebiotic to nourish and educate the microbiota, promoting its resistance to infection.


Critical phenomena in the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) High Performance Demonstration Experiment (HPDE) and the U.S. U-25 Experiment, are analyzed. The performance of a NASA specified 500 MW(th) flow train is analyzed. Critical phenomena analyzed include: Hall voltage overshoots; optimal load schedules; parametric dependence of the electrode voltage drops; boundary layer behavior; near electrode phenomena with finite electrode segmentation; current distribution in the end regions; scale up rules; optimum Mach number distribution; and the effects of alternative cross sectional shapes.


The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) has fundamentally changed the relationship between museums and tribal peoples. Since 1990, thousands of human remains and funerary objects and hundreds of sacred objects and objects of cultural patrimony have been repatriated to tribes. Human remains and funerary objects have been reburied, and sacred objects and objects of cultural patrimony have been returned to tribal centers and/or reincorporated into traditional ceremonies. Tribes and museums have also made significant organizational and cultural adjustments in order to incorporate the repatriation law into their activities, including integrating extensive consultation efforts and comprehensive reviews of documentation into their operations. After seventeen years of NAGPRA, many in the museum and tribal worlds have become proficient in the "nuts and bolts" of the law and embraced the positive changes it has brought about. Many museum and tribal staff have learned to live with the law's ambiguities, inadequacies, or as yet undeveloped sections; although others, mainly in the tribal world, are more critical of NAGPRA's ambiguities and frustrated with the length of the repatriation process. In many ways, the tribal and museum experience of implementing NAGPRA has also highlighted an often unrecognized commonality between these two communities: tribes and museums are constantly changing in terms of leadership, membership, funding, and institutional and programmatic


The article considers the possibility of using thermal images from Landsat 7 satellites to characterize and clarify the degree of surface drainage when mapping tundra landscapes by the case of the test section of the Bovanenkovo – Baydaratskaya Bay gas pipeline (the Yamal Peninsula). The images constructed using the LST (surface temperature) and NDWI (surface moisture) parameters based on the 1999 and 2000 survey data from the Landsat 7 satellite have a fairly high repeatability and good correspondence with the gradations of the degree of surface drainage according to the landscape map (scale 1:10 000), built using an image from the GeoEye-1 satellite. After a number of transformations, thermal images from the Landsat 7 satellite with a spatial resolution of 60 m can be used as an additional material for characterizing and clarifying the degree of drainage of the surface of tundra landscapes, including for large-scale thematic mapping.


ABSTRACT Older methods of mechanical analysis are briefly discussed and contrasted with the newer precision methods. The pipette method is chosen from the latter as one based on sound principles and yet simple in operation. The principles of the method, its range of application, and inherent sources of error are taken up. A standardized routine for the preparation of samples for analysis is described, and a comparison is made of the pipette method with one of the older routine methods. A flow sheet, indicating in graphic form the steps involved in analyzing a sediment, is appended.


time frame. When one is asserting, as Somit and Peterson seem to do, that authoritarian polities are "the type ofpolitical order to which we have been predisposed by our evolutionary history" (p. 22), the question of time on an evolutionary scale needs to be addressed. By this measure, the time from the beginning of recorded history to the present is very short. The writings of all political philosophers are relatively recent. The precise social governance arrangements that characterized prehistorical groups of hominids can only be a matter of conjecture. The extent to which they would fit some sort ofproto-authoritarian model is not-and almost certainly never will be-known with absolute confidence. I find the evidence from prehistory, anthropology, and ethology more ambiguous than do Somit and Peterson. But, Somit and Peterson have raised an interesting question: Does the historical prevalence of authoritarian polities indicate a genetic bias toward social organization based on hierarchical patterns of dominance and submission? Had they asked the question, looked at the evidence, and asked questions about possible alternative biological scenarios without trying to assert that they knew the answer, I would be much more comfortable with this book. The phenomena it deals with are certainly suggestive. Given the evidence the authors muster, they seem to be advancing a reasonable hypothesis. The problem is that I can think of several alternative paths from biology to authoritarian polities. For example, a biological argument for authoritarian tendencies can start just as easily with the observed psychophysiological needs of the human organism, as it can with some essentially mysterious genetically transmitted behavioral tendency. Does it matter? Certainly. As authoritarian systems become more and more biologically dysfunctional in the contemporary world (witness the environmental heritage of the Soviet Union), the issue ofthe extent to which indoctrinability will permit democratic polities to arise and persist is critical. This, in tum, depends on the temporal path and mechanism by which Homo sapiens has arrived at this seeming bias toward authoritarianism. Given that this tendency is surely a complex mix of nature and nurture, the exact proportion of nature to nurture and the characteristics ofboth will greatly influence the ability ofHomo sapiens to avoid extinction at the hands ofsmall groups ofauthoritarian leaders with powerful technological toys and a lack of concern about the long-term effects of exploiting the earth for their own satisfaction. Somit and Peterson are to be commended for taking on this issue. It needed to be raised and, given the ideological proclivities of most of the academic community, raising it was an act of sheer bravery. To say that they have not dealt with it adequately does not detract from the importance of posing the questions. Addressing this topic adequately is a task ofherculean proportions that will demand the contributions ofmany future theorists and researchers from a host of diverse disciplines.


We analyze data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 on high school completion, smoking, and obesity. First, we investigate whether GED recipients differ from other high school graduates in their smoking and obesity behaviors. Second, we explore whether the relationships between schooling and these health‐related behaviors are sensitive to controlling for background and ability measures. Third, we estimate instrumental variables models. Our results suggest that the returns to high school completion may include less smoking but the health returns to GED receipt are much smaller. We find little evidence that high school completion is associated with less obesity.


Sinrilik is one genre of art music in the oral literature that
comes from Makassar ethnic in South Sulawesi. Sinrilik is a story
played or sung by a rhythmic poetic pasinrilik in front of the
audience. Sinrilik traditional wedding ceremony in Makassar
especially in Gowa regency, a supplementary part of many
marriage customs procedures that exists and in particular as a
form of performance art, played at the time of presentation
�korontigi� or 'henna night' (purify themselves). Makassar people
assume that the leaves of henna have magical value and used as a
symbol of cleanliness or purity.
The issue presented in this thesis through a
multidisciplinary approach by exploring specifically about the
conceptualization of music, behaviors related to music, and the
music itself, are the dynamic nature contained in all systems of
music musicality that is called sinrilik terms of function, form,
motive instrumentation and techniques. To get a more thorough,
then the method of data collection is done through search history
and ethnography.
This research can give an idea, that sinrilik in the context of
traditional feast ceremony, as a performance art ever presented in
order for a party that will be held to take place as merry as
possible, it is a symbol or sign of Makassar people in their lifestyle
doing custom party. In addition, also as a symbol of expression of
happiness and gratitude for the gifts and fortunes given. Therefore,
the sacrifice materially sometimes is not questioned as long as it is
considered as indigenous or interests of a party crowd.
The result of this study can be used as a treasury of writings
to provide extensive information in the context of conservation of
traditional arts in South Sulawesi. As the subject of art recitation
sinrilik one genre of music that is from Makassar ethnic oral
literature, documenting the result of research, transcribing into
musical notation, and the other not as an effort to maintain its
existence in order not to reach the door of extinction.


Second mode disturbances dominate the primary instability stage of transition in a number of hypersonic flow configurations. The highest amplification rates of second mode disturbances are usually associated with 2D (or axisymmetric) perturbations and, therefore, a likely scenario for the onset of the three-dimensionality required for laminar-turbulent transition corresponds to the parametric amplification of 3D secondary instabilities in the presence of 2D, finite amplitude second mode disturbances. The secondary instability of second mode disturbances is studied for selected canonical flow configurations. The basic state for the secondary instability analysis is obtained by tracking the linear and nonlinear evolution of 2D, second mode disturbances using nonlinear parabolized stability equations. Unlike in previous studies, the selection of primary disturbances used for the secondary instability analysis was based on their potential relevance to transition in a low disturbance environment and the effects of nonlinearity on the evolution of primary disturbances was accounted for. Strongly nonlinear effects related to the self-interaction of second mode disturbances lead to an upstream shift in the upper branch neutral location. Secondary instability computations confirm the previously known dominance of subharmonic modes at relatively small primary amplitudes. However, for the Purdue Mach 6 compression cone configuration, it was shown that a strong fundamental secondary instability can exist for a range of initial amplitudes of the most amplified second mode disturbance, indicating that the exclusive focus on subharmonic modes in the previous applications of secondary instability theory to second mode primary instability may not have been fully justified. 1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE By virtue of its influence on surface heat transfer, skin friction, and separation characteristics, boundary layer transition from a laminar to a turbulent state tends to dominate the design and performance of hypersonic flight vehicles. At hypersonic Mach numbers, the first mode instability becomes less important or, in many cases, is not a factor in the transition process. For an axisymmetric body at zero angle of attack in a hypersonic flow (as well as in cases where the boundary layer is essentially two-dimensional), the crossflow instability is absent as well. In these cases, the predominant instability mechanism involves the second mode disturbances. The most unstable second mode instability is axisymmetric (e.g. on a cone at zero angle of attack) or two-dimensional (e.g. on a flat plate) in nature. Thus, the oblique breakdown mechanism, which is believed to dominate first mode transition in supersonic flows, becomes less relevant at hypersonic Mach numbers. Therefore, a good and thorough understanding of the breakdown of two-dimensional or axisymmetric second mode waves is essential for understanding this important scenario for transition. Similar to its counterpart in incompressible flows (the Tollmien-Schlichting wave) [1], the second mode wave is susceptible to three-dimensional secondary instability when its amplitude becomes sufficiently large [2,3]. Because the second mode instability and the associated secondary instability in hypersonic flows usually attain frequencies in the range of hundreds of kilo-Hertz to a few mega-Hertz, which is beyond the currently available high-frequency sensors, the computational approach is the only way to study them in detail. The objective of this research is to study the breakdown mechanism via secondary instability of the finite https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120010339 2020-02-20T18:48:42+00:00Z


Design facilitation, intended as both the overarching process and the mediating act between a facilitator and other actors, has increasingly gained popularity due to the participatory, inclusive, co-creative, and empathic principles associated with it. The sudden recognition of the field has nonetheless led to the use and misuse of participatory practices, causing an exponential loss of their political origins [12]. Design facilitation has become a buzzword, rendering inevitable the adoption and adaptation of different definitions to it. The research delves into the interconnectedness between design, power, politics and participatory practices to explore contemporary mainstream notions within design that are worth being revisited and challenged from an alternative stance. It focuses on acknowledging and rendering visible design facilitation's otherwise often unaddressed political nature by making more explicit its underpinning structures and components. It critically contrasts contemporary views of facilitation, which are typically apolitical, against revised notions of it that take into consideration power dynamics and political implications with the aim of highlighting the importance of unpacking concepts and areas of design to foster a more accountable practice and research, as opposed to merely moving on a superficial level. Author


How do you determine the content of a moral education curriculum? How do you decide what to include and what to exclude? How do you decide what is positive and what is negative? The Community Voices and Character Education (CVCE) project presents a model for moral education that is based on four ideals: (1) the consensus among leaders worldwide on the necessary characteristics of a citizen in the new century; (2) conclusions from social sciences about what helps humans thrive; (3) the conception of human goodness from moral philosophy; (4) a common morality approach in which the particularities of a community are integrated with research-based principles. Conflicting conclusions among the sources are not viewed as negative, only as uncertain. From these four sources we draw a framework for moral education.


The quasi-3dimensional dynamo-model using the neutral wind data of the Kyushu-GCM(Yoshikawa and Miyahara 2003, 2005) proves that Sq current system and Equatorial Electro Jet (EEJ) can be almost consistent with their day to day variations of the observation values (Kawano-Sasaki and Miyahara 2008, Aramaki 2012:Master Degree thesis). And then analysis of Kelvin Waves in the Kyushu-GCM (Chen and Miyahara 2012) shows that Ultra Fast Kelvin (UFK) waves (zonal wavenumber =1, Period 2.5-4 days) originated in the troposphere are dominant in the MLT region above the equator (at around 100 km height) and contribute to the dynamical field of atmosphere. And the amplitudes of UFK waves fluctuate period-ically at almost 10 days time scale. Therefore this research shows that the contribution to EEJ variation due to UFK wind fluctuation has been quantitatively eval-uated using the quasi-3dimensional dynamo-model that can express Sq current system and EEJ in asymmetric about the equator (Aramaki 2012 : Master Degree thesis) with UFK neutral wind data derived from the Kyushu-GCM (Yoshikawa and Miyahara 2003, 2005). This evaluation proves that UFK winds fluctuation contribute to EEJ day to day variation. Particularly it is eval-uated that UFK winds day to day fluctuation contributes to about 25 percent of the strong Eastward EEJ current values day to day variation above around the Equator comparing the standard deviations of the simulated EEJ current values between the case of the UFK winds data at one month and the case of the Kyushu-GCM original neutral winds data at the same month. More comprehensive analysis and its evaluations in detail will be shown at the conference hall. The Quasi-3D Dynamo equatorially symmetric model (2008) that Dr.Keiko Kawano-Sasaki (Kyushu University) had devel-oped and M.Sc. Yui Aramaki (Kyushu University) had extended it to the asymmetric model (2012). We used the model for this research. We gratefully acknowledge for them.


This study aims to describe the types of women language in Furlough movie and to examine the functions of women language in Furlough movie. This study uses descriptive qualitative research with data sources and data collected from Furlough movie script. The data collection technique uses documentation that classified the types of women language and women language functions through coding based on Lakoff (1975) and Pearson (1985). The finding shows that (1) there are nine out of ten types of women language in Furlough movie. They are 25% Lexical Hedges, 5,30% Tag Question, 3,40% Rising Intonation on Declaratives, 1,89% Empty Adjectives, 25,37% Intensifier, 8,71% Hypercorrect Grammar, 14,01% Superpolite Forms, 9,09% Avoidance of Strong Swear Words and 5,68% Emphatic Stress. (2) The functions of these nine types are used
14,01% to express uncertainty, 5,30% to get response, 16,66% to soften an utterance, 11,36% to start discussion, 33,71% to express feelings or opinions and
18,93% to fill the absence of the next utterances.

Keywords: sociolinguistics, language and gender, women language, Furlough.


_This comment analyzes The Support of Dependent Children-Alternative Method Act permitting the Department of Social and Health Services to administratively determine the amount of the support debt owed by a responsible parent and to enforce the debt through the collection process._


Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy,compliance and safety of the combination therapy of budesonide/foradil powder for inhalation and Chuankezhi in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children(mild to moderate persistent).Methods In this open,randomized,parallel control study,64 patients were divided into group A(budesonide/foradil powder for inhalation group) of 37 patients and group B(combination of budesonide/foradil powder for inhalation and Chuankezhi group) of 27 patients.Clinical symptom scale,visual analog scale(VAS),children asthma control test(ACTCH),peak expiratory flow(PEF predictive value %),lung function(FEV1 predictive value %) and adverse-events were observed.Results The clinical symptoms were improved in both groups,but was more significant(P0.05) in group B.PEF predictive value % and FEV1 predictive value % was also improved in both groups.The improvement of PEF predictive value % in group B was faster than in group A after treatment for 4 weeks(P0.05).After treatment for 4 weeks,8 weeks,and 12 weeks,the improvement of FEV1 predictive value % in group B were better than in group A(P0.05).No adverse-events were observed in both groups.Conclusions The budesonide/foradil powder for inhalation group(A) and the combination of budesonide/foradil powder for inhalation and Chuankezhi group(B) both have good clinical efficacy,compliance and safety,but the latter provides more rapid improvement and better efficacy than the former.


Flavones is physiological medicine which is one of the widest compound in the vegetable kingdom.Using a method applying alcohol solution as extraction solvent in cooperation with ultrasonic wave in extraction techniques of flavonoid compounds in Toona sinensis leaves,the ethyl acetate extraction was gained.Rutin is reference standard and the concentration of flavones is determined by UV spectroscopy at the wavelength of 510nm after the ethyl acetate extraction reacted with coloring agents.The result was that the flavones content in samples was 1.725 percent calculated by Rutin,the recovery rate was 99.86%and the relative deviation was 1.48%.It is concluded that the method is suitable for simple,rapid and reproducible analysis of flavone in Toona sinensis leaves.


The authors review current research dealing with potential applications of advanced vehicle monitoring and control systems. The University effort focuses on trucking operations, satellite telecommunications systems, and man-machine interfaces. The proposed system will provide position determination, two-way data communication and, eventually, voice communication capabilities. In addition to technical areas such as radio reception and protocol modifications, cost savings and other benefits are being studied. In investigating the human interface problem, research seeks to compensate for the possibly marginal communication skills of the driver, as well as the special nature of the satellite communication links.<<ETX>>


Ruthenium-sulfur dioxide complexes [cpRu(PR3)2(SO2)]Cl ((PR3)2 = (PPh3)2, Ph2PCH2PPh2(dppm), Ph2PC2H4PPh2(dppe)) add alkoxide to give sulfito complexes [cpRu(PR3)2(SO2OR′)] (R′ = Me, Et, /Pr). Reactions of [cpRu(dppm)(SO2)]Cl with LiR′ (R′ = Me, Bu, Ph), MgBrR′ (R′ = Et, CH=CH2) or ZnEt2 give sulfinato complexes [cpRu(dppm)(SO2R′)]. The structure of [cpRu(dppm)(SO2Et)] was determined by X-ray crystallography: Crystals are triclinic, space group P1̄, a = 11,008(1), b = 15,998(6), c = 17,813(2) Å, α = 92,30(2), β = 93,916(8), γ = 107,54(2)°, Z = 4. Salient features are a short Ru-S bond and relatively long S-O bonds which attest to the high π-donor ability of the pseudo-tetrahedral metal fragment.


SRIF inhibits ACTH secretion by AtT20/D16v (D16) mouse pituitary cells stimulated by high (50 mM) extra- cellular concentrations of K + or by divalent cation ionophores. Although stimulation of ACTH secretion by K + requires extra- cellular Ca +2 , the response is invariant over medium Ca +2 con- centrations of 0.003-1 mM; with Ca +2 concentrations from 1-5 mM there is a dramatic amplification of the secretory response. SRIF at concentrations of 10" 8 M completely inhibits the secre- tory response to K + at Ca +2 concentrations between 0.2 and 1 mM; with increasing medium Ca +2 above 1 mM there is a pro- gressive attenuation of SRIF-inhibition. At concentrations of 5 mM, Ca +2 alone can serve as an ACTH secretagogue. The ion- ophore ionomycin stimulates ACTH secretion in a Ca +2 -depend-


Abstract The influence of Mo, V, W in ferrochrome alloys and of SO4=, ClO4−, Cl− in an aqueous electrolyte was investigated electrochemically. The effect of minor alloying elements was most pronounced in the active potential region, prior to passivation; Mo, V reduced pitting while W enhanced it. Cl− promoted pitting whereas SO4= and ClO4− were inhibitors. Removal of surface sulfate ions destroyed this inhibitive effect. Relationships were developed between Epit, Erep, ipp and [anion] which enabled the prediction of [SO4=] and [Cl−] required to inhibit and induce pitting respectively.


E5564 (α-d-glucopyranose) is a synthetic antagonist of bacterial endotoxin that has been shown to completely block human endotoxin response. Low doses of E5564 (0.35-3.5 mg) have a long pharmacokinetic half-life, but a surprisingly short ex vivo and in vivo pharmacodynamic half-life (generally less than several hours). To determine whether extended antagonistic activity can be achieved in vivo, this study assesses the pharmacodynamic activity of 4- and 72-h infusions of E5564 into normal volunteers. Administration of 3.5 mg of E5564/h × 72 h completely blocked effects of endotoxin challenge at the end of dosing (72 h), and at 48 and 72 h postdosing. Similarly, a 4-h infusion of E5564, 3 mg/h completely blocked endotoxin administered 8 h postdosing. A lower dose of E5564, 0.5 mg/h × 4 h, ameliorated but did not block most effects of endotoxin 8 h postdosing (p <0.05). Finally, the effect of varying plasma lipoprotein content on E5564 activity was studied in subjects having high or low cholesterol levels (>180 or <140 mg/dl) after 72-h infusion of 252 mg of E5564. No differences were observed. These results demonstrate that E5564 blocks the effects of endotoxin in a human model of clinical sepsis and indicate its potential in the treatment and/or prevention of clinical sepsis.