Significance Estimates of species numbers are central to many analyses in fields ranging from conservation biology to macroecology and macroevolution. However, new species continue to be discovered and described at an uneven rate among regions and taxonomic groups, raising questions about the robustness of currently observed biodiversity patterns. We present a statistical approach to the rate of species description that incorporates uncertainty in species numbers across space and among clades. This approach identifies regions or clades where taxonomic knowledge is most complete, and provides estimates of stability in large-scale patterns given continued species discoveries through probabilistic forecasts of diversity levels. Inferring large-scale processes that drive biodiversity hinges on understanding the phylogenetic and spatial pattern of species richness. However, clades and geographic regions are accumulating newly described species at an uneven rate, potentially affecting the stability of currently observed diversity patterns. Here, we present a probabilistic model of species discovery to assess the uncertainty in diversity levels among clades and regions. We use a Bayesian time series regression to estimate the long-term trend in the rate of species description for marine bivalves and find a distinct spatial bias in the accumulation of new species. Despite these biases, probabilistic estimates of future species richness show considerable stability in the currently observed rank order of regional diversity. However, absolute differences in richness are still likely to change, potentially modifying the correlation between species numbers and geographic, environmental, and biological factors thought to promote biodiversity. Applied to scallops and related clades, we find that accumulating knowledge of deep-sea species will likely shift the relative richness of these three families, emphasizing the need to consider the incomplete nature of bivalve taxonomy in quantitative studies of its diversity. Along with estimating expected changes to observed patterns of diversity, the model described in this paper pinpoints geographic areas and clades most urgently requiring additional systematic study—an important practice for building more complete and accurate models of biodiversity dynamics that can inform ecological and evolutionary theory and improve conservation practice.


CLARK G. L. (1993) Compensation for workers adversely affected by corporate restructuring: pension rights, the law and public policy, Reg. Studies 27, 541–560. The costs of restructuring to corporations can be enormous. So too can be the costs of restructuring for workers and communities, layoffs, plant closings, and long-term unemployment are often the consequences of restructuring. Normally, those adversely affected by restructuring are not due any compensation other than short-term unemployment benefits. But in instances where corporations have illegally sought to shift the costs of restructuring to workers by selectively denying them their pension and benefit rights, US federal courts have held that compensation is possible. The question is, however, what is appropriate compensation, given legal entitlements and abstract theoretical notions of just compensation? This question is explored with reference to case studies of corporate restructuring in the US that have involved identified violations of the...


The utility model relates to a hot extrusion molding branch pipe hydrostatic test pipe orifice sealing device, which is characterized by mainly comprising a blind plate cover (4), a support plate (3), a pup joint (5) of which both ends are provided with flanges, a blind flange (6), a nut (11) and a screw (2), wherein the blind plate cover (4) covers on a branch pipe (8); the support plate (3) is located in a main pipeline or a barrel (1) and is opposite to the branch pipe (8); the branch pipe (8) and the support plate (3) are connected through the nut (11) and the screw (2); a seal ring (7) is arranged between the blind plate cover (4) and the end surface of the branch pipe (8); the blind plate cover (4) is provided with an air-bleed hole (10); one end of the pup joint (5) of which both ends are provided with the flanges is connected with the blind plate cover (4); the other end of the pup joint (5) is connected with the blind flange (6); and the air-bleed hole (10) is respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the branch pipe (8) and the inner cavity of the pup joint (5) of which both ends are provided with the flanges. The utility model has a simple method and high efficiency, and a body material cannot be damaged.


There is severe unsuitability between how China auto logistics business develops and what the market really needs,and the rapid development of China's auto business absolutely needs a match with the corresponding logistics service level.To promote the level of China's auto corporation logistics,it is important for us to integrate auto logistic resources.Only with the combination of auto manufacturing enterprises,auto logistics enterprises and logistic equipment manufacturing enterprises will the win-win situation be realized.The author also puts forward some countermeasures.First,based on the cultivation of logistic talents,we should cultivate more comprehensive 3PL enterprises by integrating resources within the auto groups.Second,we should integrate resources among the related auto groups and promote the development of 3PL enterprises.And third,we should improve the service level of China's auto logistics with the help of market-oriented competitive situation.


Background: The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism has been associated with an elite athlete status. Several studies have determined that the R allele is connected with power-oriented athletic performance, whereas the nonfunctional XX genotype may give some beneficial effect for endurance performance. The main aim of the study was to determine the possible interaction between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and an endurance athlete status in a group of Polish rowers in comparison with sedentary individuals. Material/Methods: 121 male Polish rowers, members of academic sports clubs, and 115 unrelated volunteers were recruited for the study. Genotyping for the R577X variant was performed by PCR–RFLP. Results: The genotype distribution amongst the rowers (52.06% RR, 38.85% RX, 9.09% XX) was significantly different from that amongst sedentary individuals (RR-33.5%; RX49.60%; XX-17,35%; P = 0.024). A significant excess of the R allele was noted in the rowers (71.48%, P = 0.008) when comparing with the controls (60.0%). Conclusions: The obtained results show that the ACTN3 X allele and XX genotype are underrepresented in Polish rowers and they are not advantageous for the endurance-type athletes in the studied population. On the contrary, the R allele seems to be useful for a top-level rower. However, additional studies are needed to clarify this problem.


Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the most frequent form of posterior corneal dystrophy (see this term) and is characterized by excrescences on a thickened Descemet membrane (corneal guttae), generalized corneal edema, with gradually decreased visual acuity.


" This paper argues that behind the aggressive mobilization of ethnic identities and consequent conflicts between communities in urban fishing villages lie conflicting claims over the control and use of urban land. " Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Renu Desai, Darshini Mahadevia, Amita Bhide, Manju Menon, Partha Mukhopadhyay and Hussain Indorewala for their most helpful comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of this paper.


This paper underlines the importance of learning strategies usage when organizing independent work where the strategies are understood as specific learning technologies and methods. The cognitive, metacognitive, affective strategies, and management strategy are described in the article. The article dwells on the results of the students' survey which show that in spite of students' knowing some of the strategies, their application leaves much to be desired. Hence there is a need to specify methodical tutoring manuals on self regulated learning. The article also calls attention to the teacher's role in learning strategies usage. In the conclusion the authors of the article present an approximate individual study itinerary for working with a text when students are getting ready for their classes.


Photovoltaic - Concentrated Solar Power (PV-CSP) hybrid technology is considered to be an important future research trend in solar energy engineering. The development of the PV-CSP hybrid technology accelerates in recent years with the rapid maturation of photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP). This paper presents the recent advances on PV-CSP technology, including different technologies based on new dispatch strategies, Organic Rankine Cycles, spectral beam filters and so on. The research status and the hybrid system performance of the recent researches are summarized, aimed to provide an extended recognition on the PV-CSP hybrid technology. The advantages and limitations of the hybrid system are concluded according to the researches reviewed.Photovoltaic - Concentrated Solar Power (PV-CSP) hybrid technology is considered to be an important future research trend in solar energy engineering. The development of the PV-CSP hybrid technology accelerates in recent years with the rapid maturation of photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP). This paper presents the recent advances on PV-CSP technology, including different technologies based on new dispatch strategies, Organic Rankine Cycles, spectral beam filters and so on. The research status and the hybrid system performance of the recent researches are summarized, aimed to provide an extended recognition on the PV-CSP hybrid technology. The advantages and limitations of the hybrid system are concluded according to the researches reviewed.


Introduction. The prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the world is significant. In recent years, there has been a tendency of the SLE prevalence increase. Despite the undoubted progress in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of SLE, its diagnosis and treatment, the mortality of patients, including ones at young and working age, is higher than in the general population, and circulatory system lesions are ones of its main reasons in these cases. The aim of the study. To analyze the literature, devoted to the modern view on the problem of systemic lupus erythematosus with and without comorbid lesions of the circulatory system, describe the clinical case. Materials and methods. Content analysis, method of system and comparative analysis, bibliosemantic method of studying the current scientific studies on modern principles of diagnosis and treatment of patients with SLE are used. A clinical case is described. Results. A clinical case of a 43-year-old patient S., who was hospitalized for SLE, she considers herself ill for eighteen years and she has been constantly taken outpatient and periodically inpatient treatment due to the frequent deteriorations in her general condition, clinical and laboratory parameters, is described. Based on the received results of the examinations, applying the method of determining the functional class of SLE, the patient was diagnosed with a clinical diagnosis indicating comorbid lesions of various organs and systems (skin, joints, kidneys, vessels, heart, blood system, immune system, eyes). The generally accepted basic medical complex of the patient includes drugs, taking into account the lesions to the circulatory system. The conducted complex pathogenetic treatment gave a positive result. Conclusions. In the described clinical case demonstrated the development of comorbid lesions of many organs and systems, including circulatory system, in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Inclusion in the treatment complex in addition to basic and drugs for the treatment lesions of circulatory system has improved the general condition of the patient, stabilized clinical and laboratory parameters, as evidenced by a prospective study during three years. The information provided in our clinical case is consistent with the results of the literature review. Systemic lupus erythematosus needs further in-depth study due to its widespread prevalence among young and people of working age, lack of accurate knowledge about the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, comorbid lesions of many organs and systems, including circulatory system, the development of severe and often life-threatening manifestations, the lack of clear recommendations that would predict the differentiated use of drugs taking into account comorbid syntropic lesions. Keywords: SLE, circulatory system lesions, atherosclerosis, diagnosis and treatment of SLE.


The Tracking and Shooting Robot is an autonomous bot that tracks the objects based on its color and targets the object using a gun prototype. The project is primarily concerned with the deployment of two different tasks, i.e Tracking the object and aiming the tracked object once it comes to rest.
Keywords— open CV; Robotics; Artificial Intelligence; Gun Prototype; Tracking


This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Theological Studies at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theological Studies Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Repository Citation Fredericks, James L., "Nietzsche and Buddhism: A Study in Nihilism and Ironic Affinities, by Robert G. Morrison" (1999). Theological Studies Faculty Works. Paper 9. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/theo_fac/9


Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common malignant bone cancer in dogs. Canine and human OSA share several features, including tumor environments, response to traditional treatment, and several molecular pathways. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is known to contribute to tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers, including human OSA. This study aimed to identify the role of the Hh signaling pathway in canine OSA cell lines, including Abrams, D17, and Moresco, focusing on the signal transducer Smoothened (SMO). mRNA and protein levels of Hh pathway components, including SHH, IHH, SMO, and PTCH1, were aberrant in all examined OSA cell lines compared with canine osteoblast cells. The SMO inhibitor cyclopamine significantly decreased cell viability and colony-forming ability in the canine OSA cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Moresco cells, which expressed the highest level of SMO protein, were the most sensitive to the anticancer effect of cyclopamine among the three canine OSA cell lines tested. Hh downstream target gene and protein expression in canine OSA cell lines were downregulated after cyclopamine treatment. In addition, cyclopamine significantly increased apoptotic cell death in Abrams and Moresco cells. The findings that Hh/SMO is activated in canine OSA cell lines and cyclopamine suppresses OSA cell survival via inhibition of SMO suggest that the Hh/SMO signaling pathway might be a novel therapeutic target for canine OSA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Linear invariants are useful tools for testing phylogenetic hypotheses from aligned DNA/RNA sequences, particularly when the sites evolve at different rates. Here we give a simple, graph theoretic classification for each phylogenetic tree T, of its associated vector space I(T) of linear invariants under the Jukes-Cantor one-parameter model of nucleotide substitution. We also provide an easily described basis for I(T), and show that if I is a binary (fully resolved) phylogenetic tree with n sequences at its leaves then: dim[I(T)] = 4n-F2n-2 where Fn is the nth Fibonacci number. Our method applies a recently developed Hadamard matrix-based technique to describe elements of I(T) in terms of edge-disjoint packings of subtrees in T, and thereby complements earlier more algebraic treatments.


Building sports industry base is a necessary way for the development of China's sports industry,and also an important self-upgrade measure for China's sports industry in the era of globalization.This paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of constructing sports industry base in China from the perspective of industry cluster.Then it introduces the requirements and development of the sports industry base.Taking Shenzhen,Chengdu and Jinjiang as the representatives,it investigates the construction path of the sports industry base and at last puts forward the key element for promoting the development of sports industry base.


With the publicly available astrophysical simulation framework for propagating extraterrestrial UHE particles, CRPropa 3, it is now possible to study realistic UHECR source scenarios including deflections in Galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields in an efficient way. Here we discuss three recent studies that have already been done in that direction. The first one investigates what can be expected in the case of maximum allowed intergalactic magnetic fields. Here is shown that, even if voids contain strong magnetic fields, deflections of protons with energies $\gtrsim 60 \; \text{EeV}$ from nearby sources might be small enough to allow for UHECR astronomy. The second study looks into several scenarios with a smaller magnetization focusing on large-scale anisotropies. Here is shown that the local source distribution can have a more significant effect on the large-scale anisotropy than the EGMF model. A significant dipole component could, for instance, be explained by a dominant source within 5 Mpc distance. The third study looks into whether UHECRs can come from local radio galaxies. If this is the case it is difficult to reproduce the observed low level of anisotropy. Therefore is concluded that the magnetic field strength in voids in the EGMF model used here is too low and/or there are additional sources of UHECRs that were not taken into account in these simulations.


Some judicial interpretations think that the amount of financial fraud crimes is those of being cheated by criminals.However,it is unconformity with the principle that crime is an invasion to legal interest in itself.According to the principle of legal interest,the amount of financial fraud crimes is those of victim's loss,and the amount of financial fraud attempt is those of malefaction pointing to.Criminal law stipulates that especial immensity of amount and special momentousness of loss are conditions of death penalty to financial fraud crime.Special momentousness of loss means loss except criminal amount,but not loss in criminal amount which is not being redemptive.


The effect of compressibility on the two-dimensional large-scale structures in a single shear layer was investigated for the temporally developing case. Each eddy is elongated by compressibility through (i) the formation of volumetric source and sink distribution and (ii) the emergence of unstable travelling waves under the condition that the Mach number of free streams, M, exceeds unity. The dilatation accelerates the streamwise velocity and decelerates the transverse velocity, so that the convection of vorticity makes the resulting eddy elongated in the streamwise direction and reduces its own angular velocity of rigid-body rotation. The eddy formed at M>1 takes an airfoil-like shape and has almost the same thickness as the original shear layer, due to an existing phase velocity different from the mean value of the two free stream velocities. Each eddy can propagate by itself in such a way that its leading edge rolls up the tail of the preceding eddy.


The period selected for this study represents one of particular interest with respect to regional bank performance. First, it represents the five-year period immediately following the implementation in 1992 of capital adequacy requirements for banks under the Basel Accord of 1988. The basis of the Accord of 1988 was that a consistent standard be applied for determining minimum capital requirements across internationally active banks. These capital requirements were structured to make regulatory capital sensitive to differences in risk profiles across banks, with banks holding riskier assets required to hold a higher level of capital. There has subsequently been considerable debate over the impact of risk-based capital standards on bank risk-taking. Our study provides an international perspective by comparing bank capital holdings to bank share price volatility across national boundaries.


The expansion in the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a shift towards smart technologies. IoT focuses on integrating networks to facilitate smooth services to humans. The interface between the mobility patterns and the routing protocols is considered to increase the performance of the network. However, incorporating security in the IoT network has been a major issue that continues to nurture with increasing IoT devices. This article addresses this issue by developing a novel technique, namely energy harvesting trust aware routing algorithm (EHTARA) for initiating a trust‐based routing model in the IoT network in the presence of ambient energy sources. The cost metric is newly devised by considering energy, distance, and trust parameters for determining the best path. At the base station, big data classification is performed using the adaptive exponential‐Bat (adaptive E‐Bat) algorithm based deep belief network (DBN). The training of DBN is performed using the adaptive E‐Bat algorithm, which is the combination of adaptive concept, exponential weighted moving average (EWMA), and Bat algorithm (BA). Here, the optimization‐based map‐reduce framework helps to deal with the imbalanced data by adapting the deep learning in classification. The proposed EHTARA outperformed other methods with a maximal energy of 0.927.


Mrs. N., 55 years old, was always healthy, gave birth to her fifth and last child in 1873. The birth was always correct. In 1886, the regulations ceased; in 1891 they reappeared, but extremely wrong. At the same time, the patient began to suffer from copious pains. In the spring of 1892, excruciating, cramping, pains joined this, became even more and were stained with blood.


To understand how ecology will serve us in this era age of rapid environmental change, we need to understand that ecology is not a static discipline. It is continuously adapting to the changing world that ecologists find themselves living and working within. This chapter is about the most recent adaptation in ecology, which can be seen in both an increased use and increased diversity of observational approaches to understanding ecological phenomena. This adaptation, like stepwise adaptations in nature, hasn't created an entirely new and unrecognizable entity, but rather has grown recursively from the past state of ecology. Accordingly, we first discuss what ecology was for much of its existence and then we explore how the urgency of environmental change and the opportunity to study that change in unprecedented ways is providing a pathway for adaptation of the science of ecology.


The green spaces and in general, the vegetation used for aesthetics and environmental protection are valuated, measured and calculated through the area desti...


Modern systems across diverse application domains (e.g., IoT, automotive) have many black-box devices whose internal structures and/or protocol formats are unknown. We currently lack the tools to systematically understand the behavior and learn the security weaknesses of these black-box devices. Such tools could enable many use cases, such as: 1) identifying input packets that lead to network attacks; and 2) inferring the format of unknown protocols. Our goal is to enable oblivious network analysis which can perform the aforementioned tasks for black-box devices. In this work, we explore the use of a recent machine learning tool called generative adversarial networks (GANs) [16] to enable this vision. Unlike other competing approaches, GANs can work in a truly black-box setting and can infer complex dependencies between protocol fields with little to no supervision. We leverage GANs to show the preliminary use cases of our approaches using two case studies: 1) generating synthetic protocol messages given only samples of messages; and 2) generating attack inputs for a black-box system. While there are still many open challenges, our results suggest the early promise of GANs to enable "oblivious" analysis of networked elements.


Let 5 denote the icosahedral group and let be the normalizer of a Sylow 5-subgroup of 5. Then the index of in 5 equals six. Let us represent 5 as a permutation group A on the set of residue classes of with respect to 5 Then it is clear that A is doubly transitive of degree 6 and order 60 = 2·5·6. Since 5 is simple, A does not contain a regular normal subgroup.


This research seeks to generate temporal event predictions using the sticky Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Hidden Markov Model (sticky HDP-HMM) [2], a generalization of the infinite HMM [1]. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are one of the most widely used machine learning techniques for analyzing temporal data. One significant limitation of this traditional approach is that the number of states in the HMM, N , has to be decided a priori, but for a number of applications it is not possible to hypothesize this accurately. The nonparametric Bayesian solution [3] to this is to remove the dependence on N by effectively making it infinite and specifying a prior over it; such as done in the HDP-HMM model [4]. An extension to the HDP-HMM model, known as the sticky HDP-HMM model [2] additionally contains a bias towards self-transitions.


The value compensation for cultivated land preservation within provincial jurisdiction was discussed with the rapid economic development,cultivated land preservation severely Guangdong Province as an example.The results showed that the value of cultivated land includes commodity value,environment value,social value and depreciation value,and the value standard of the value compensation standard includes twenty percent of the environment value,fifty percent of the food security value,fifty percent of the development rights value,and the discount value will be deducted fully.At last,we can conclude from the experience study based on the example of Guangzhou City and Maoming City,the cultivated land value of Guangzhou is 1 657.63 million yuan/hm2,Maoming is 163.81 million yuan/hm2,the compensation standard is 50.99 million yuan/hm2,2.9 million yuan/hm2 annually.


During recent years, many research teams have suggested a possible role of endogenous opiates in the control of the menstrual cycle. The level of immunoreactive β-endorphin was measured on different days during the ovulatory cycle of 131 healthy volunteers. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17β-estradiol and progesterone were also measured. The graphic representation of opiate levels during the female menstmal cycle, where day 0 is the day of ovulation, shows that plasmatic β-endorphin levels are not stable throughout. The levels increase progressively during the follicular phase, reaching a maximum (mean 139.49 pg/ml, SD 42.23 pg/ml, 95% confidence interval 121.22-157.75pg/ml) 4 days before ovulation. During the periovulatory period (days -3 to +3) levels of β-endorphin are very stable (mean day 0, 27.8pg/ml, SD 6.36pg/ml, 95% confidence interval 19.29-27.83 pg/ml) and low (p < 0.05), followed by a renewed increase during the luteal phase (mean day +5, 87.86pg/ml...


This paper presents an effective approach for the optimization of the semi-solid forging process of A356 Al-alloy based on the orthogonal array with the grey relational analysis and fuzzy logic analysis. Through the grey-fuzzy logic analysis, the optimization of complicated multiple performance characteristics can be converted into the optimization of a single grey-fuzzy reasoning grade. In this semi-solid forging process of A356 Al-alloy, the forging process parameters, namely the forging temperature, percent deformation, and die temperature are optimized with considerations of multiple performance characteristics including the tensile strength and hardness. The experimental results for the optimal setting have shown that the above performance characteristics in the semi-solid forging process of A356 Al-alloy can be improved effectively together through this approach.


Student-centred learning and teaching emphasises the way in which learning involves the students creating concepts or constructs to achieve short-term mastery but long-term retention, in-depth understanding of course material, achievement of critical thinking, creative problem-solving skills, development of a positive approach, and a level of confidence in their knowledge and skills. This study investigates both theoretical and practical approaches to student-centred learning and teaching, based on the data from students (N=35) and designed to improve student motivation considering three areas: face-to-face sessions, technology and assessments. Potential practices and theories are proposed based on the results of students' feedback from staff-student liaison meetings, with undergraduate and postgraduate representatives. Through the qualitative data analysis, practical suggestions and implications for educators to improve student-focused learning and teaching methods arise. In particular, the importance of educational technology and multiple assessment methods provides the pedagogical shift from the tutor's to the student's perspective in order to enhance tangible student-centred tactics. Effective pedagogical suggestions from three different angles provide guidance for educators on how to adapt the concepts to real teaching experience. Article visualizations:


Objective: To survey the effects of captopril and losartan on plasma plasminogen activator(t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) activity and their mRNA expressions in aorta in SHR. Methods: SHR were divided into captopril group, losartan group and control group. PAI-1 and t-PA activity in plasma were determined by spectrophotometric assay. The mRNA expressions was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Results: The aorta PAI-1mRNA expression was significantly reduced by captopril(P 0.01)or losartan(P 0.05). Conclusion: The fibrinolysis was decreased in aorta tissue in SHR, and the treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI) or angiotensin II type 1 receptor(AT1) antagonists may improve fibrinolysis in aorta as well as vascular remodeling.


The new Section 23 is introduced which has only very recently been fully approved by the RTCA for incorporation into the first revision of DO160C/ED14C. Full threat lightning direct effects testing of equipment is entirely new to DO160, the only existing lightning testing is transient testing for LRU's (Line Replaceable Units) by pin or cable bundle injection methods, for equipment entirely contained within the airframe and assumed to be unaffected by direct effects. This testing required transients of very low amplitude compared with lightning itself, whereas the tests now to be described involve full threat lightning testing, that is using the previously established severe parameters of lightning appropriate to the Zone, such as 200 kA for Zone 1A as in AC20-136. Direct effects (i.e., damage) testing involves normally the lightning current arc attaching to the object under test (or very near to it) so submitting it to full potential for the electric, mechanical, thermal and shock damage which is caused by high current arcing. Since equipment for any part of the airframe require qualification, tests to demonstrate safety of equipment in fuel vapor regions of the airframe are also included.


The most observable topic in electrical engineering is power quality in present scenario. The occurrence of power quality problem in power network is done by using nonstandard voltage, frequency and current that result in a failure of end use equipment. The distribution network in occurs the major problem is voltage sag and swell. The voltage sag and swell are main parameter on which the improvement is must be needed. Voltage quality can be sufficiently improved in distribution electric power system by using a custom power device such as a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). The Dynamic Voltage restorer (DVR) is fast, flexible and efficient solution to mitigate the voltage sag and voltage swell problems.


The regionalization of framing issues for producers Livestock Group of Validation and Technology Transfer (GGAVATT) from San Jose Miahuatlan Veracruz, Mexico, under the current production of native grass prairie with mainly during the months of higher temperature have a poor performance and thus milk production declines which promotes a great use of concentrated feeds which causes an increase in production cost and less use to them. For this purpose we made a diagnosis of current conditions GGAVATT production, yielding information that helps us source and compared to determine precisely what the effect of applying the proposed alternative. We propose an alternative implementation of pastures with improved pastures needed to produce a greater amount of forage per unit area especially in the colder months.


We give a short proof of the cross norm characterization of separability due to O. Rudolph and show how its computation, for a fixed chosen error, can be reduced to a linear programming problem whose dimension grows polynomially with the inverse of the error. PACS: 03.65.Ud; 02.30.Sa


Author(s): Larkins, Clare Williamson | Advisor(s): Wood, Jeffrey J | Abstract: There is a need for study on high quality friendship and its effects on children with special needs, specifically. One primary goal of this study was to examine the effect of anxiety on friendship over the course of three years. Participants were 172 children with and without anxiety disorders at a "laboratory" school who completed an interview on their best friendships. These interviews were analyzed with a new instrument, the Friendship Quality Coding Scale, which was found to be a valid tool with good interrater reliability and correlations to other metrics of friendship. For both children who met criteria for diagnosis with anxiety and those who did not, friendship quality was found to have a negative relationship with anxiety over time. When looking at individual types of anxiety, specifically Social Anxiety/Social Phobia, a negative relationship was found with friendship, again for both children with clinical levels of anxiety and those without. However, individuals without clinical levels of anxiety who nonetheless displayed elevated levels of Harm Avoidance showed increased friendship quality over time. A qualitative analysis revealed some differences in the way children without anxiety characterized their friends; they often described them as "nice," a term not often used by children with anxiety. Children with anxiety, also tended to give shorter and less-detailed responses to interviewer questions, and when asked to make wishes for their friends, they made wishes that would benefit themselves. These findings did not change over time.


This project (implementation 01.03.2011-30.06.2012) is based on
one of complex of teaching methods: computer-aided teaching.
Modern teaching techniques, especially techniques using
computers, enable students to take advantage of a richer
sensory space for receiving and processing information. In the
process of pedagogical interaction and communication,
technology is becoming to a greater extent a mediator between a
teacher and a student. E-learning and multimedia tools, which
were the main aim of the project, enable more effective and
attractive way of teaching at any educational level. Teaching,
creativity, and individuality of teachers should lead to the
fact that every teacher will be able to adapt the curriculum
according to his needs and use it in his own way. Interactive
curriculum holds, in the frames of e-learning , a role of a
guidepost which will enable the students to enter into
individual e-learning activities planned during the school
year. The main objective was to create supportive study
materials for German, English and Russian languages for
secondary school students of both economic and technical
specialization (construction enginnering and mechanical
engineering). General language modules and mainly specialized
language modules covering the mentioned fields have been
created, all of them in three languages . The project's outcome
is 12 electronic publications.


The paper considers the capitalization rate changes long-term trends formation features on the domestic real estate market in the conditions of the economic crisis. The factors influencing the growth of uncertainty of these market indicators are revealed and analyzed. The theoretical principles of value formation market mechanisms functioning in unbalanced real estate market situation are investigated. The current market trends are identified and summarized. Some forecasts of further market characteristics changes, based on this analysis, are formulated. It is shown that in today's Ukraine conditions the commercial banks foreign currency deposits rates are only formally and nominally risk-free, as they contain a number of rather high country investment risks. For countries with stable economic growth, these country risks are zero or close to zero, and their rates of foreign currency deposits are practically equal to the value of the actual risk-free rate. In the paper is established and generalized some earlier studies by the authors results proved the fact of using the components of the total premium for risk at more than double the size in the calculation of actual capitalization rate in the Ukrainian economy current conditions. The generalization of the capitalization rate  changes long-term trends in market characteristics observed during the Ukrainian economic crisis development, is carried out in residential and commercial real estate market segments information base, the price indexes of which was determined by independent expert evaluation methods. Practical recommendations for the evaluation results accuracy and reliability increasing are formulated.


COPD is a progressive disease that may lead to death if not diagnosed and treated at an early stage. The examination of vital signs such as respiration rate is a promising approach for the detection of COPD. However, simultaneous consideration of the demographic and medical characteristics of patients is very important for better results. The objective of this research is to investigate the capability of UWB radar as a non-invasive approach to discriminate COPD patients from healthy subjects. The non-invasive approach is beneficial in pandemics such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, where a safe distance between people needs to be maintained. The raw data are collected in a real environment (a hospital) non-invasively from a distance of 1.5 m. Respiration data are then extracted from the collected raw data using signal processing techniques. It was observed that the respiration rate of COPD patients alone is not enough for COPD patient detection. However, incorporating additional features such as age, gender, and smoking history with the respiration rate lead to robust performance. Different machine-learning classifiers, including Naïve Bayes, support vector machine, random forest, k nearest neighbor (KNN), Adaboost, and two deep-learning models—a convolutional neural network and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network—were utilized for COPD detection. Experimental results indicate that LSTM outperforms all employed models and obtained 93% accuracy. Performance comparison with existing studies corroborates the superior performance of the proposed approach.


A bio-enzyme modified fuel emulsion contains such components (portions in weight) as diesel oil (35-45), heavy oil (35-45), water (15-25) and bio-enzyme (0.1-0.5).


New isotopic studies on mantle xenoliths from Santa Cruz Province, southern Patagonia, Argentina, reveal that at least three discrete subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) domains—the Deseado Massif, Tres Lagos, and Pali Aike—form the southernmost part of South America. Re-Os systematics yield early Paleoproterozoic (up to 2.5 Ga) SCLM formation ages (rhenium depletion ages, T RD ) for Pali Aike spinel peridotites, while samples from the Deseado Massif and Tres Lagos indicate a younger SCLM origin with Neoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic (0.9–1.3 Ga) and Mesoproterozoic to late Paleoproterozoic (1.3–1.9 Ga) T RD ages, respectively. Hf-Sr-Nd isotopic compositions indicate metasomatic overprinting of the majority of the samples, which, however, has not affected the Os isotopic system. Based on similar formation ages, the geological evolution of the Deseado Massif is most likely connected to the evolution of the Namaqua-Natal belt of South Africa. T RD ages from SCLM domains underneath Tres Lagos and Pali Aike indicate a common origin with crustal sections from Shackleton Range, Antarctica, positioning the southern tip of South America closer to west Antarctica in the reconstructed Rodinia supercontinent than previously assumed.


This project summarizes the activities undertaken around making a standardization tool for developing sustainable site layout focused mainly on buildings. The main objective was to make a proposal of a model and standard requirements for a site layout based on the specifications of the LEED, BREEAM and RESET standards. The standard requirements were obtained from visits to seven different constructions within the Great Metropolitan Area, the obtaining of the environmental parameters was by means of bibliographical investigation. The results expose the expert judgment criteria to be considered for proper site layout; at the time the implementation of the parameters contained in the norms of certification produce the principal result of this project, a manual for the accomplishment of a layout of sustainable site. Finally, there is included the tool elaborated for the standardization of site layouts, by means of the document: "Manual for the Standardization of Minimal Requirements in a Layout of Sustainable Site ", which provides the necessary information for a suitable planning of the provisional works implementing environmental parameters.


Purpose: To determine the role of the Department of Tourism in the development of natural tourism destinations of Binusan Waterfall, Nunukan Regency, and also to determine the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in the development of natural tourism destinations of Binusan Waterfall.
Methods: In this study, the data collection process was carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. While the analysis process uses an interactive model according to Miles & Huberman, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.
Results: This study found that the role of the Tourism Office in the development of natural tourist destinations of Binusan Waterfall based on 3A (attractions, amenities, and accessibility) was sufficient, there were natural tourist attractions, namely the beautiful environment and views of the Binusan waterfall, cultural attractions, namely Tidung culture, and Dayak, as well as man-made attractions, namely tourism infrastructure such as a bridge to the Binusan waterfall, and currently in development planning, namely the addition of attractions, namely the flying fox, adequate amenities such as toilets & bathrooms, places of worship, gazebos, counters, parking lots, entertainment stages, accessibility that is easily accessible is already dominant with paved roads. The supporting factor for the Binusan Waterfall tourist destination is the support of the government and several community leaders to increase the role of the Tourism Office with other tourism communities in order to be able to optimize human resources in improving the community's business economy and contribute more to the development of the tourism sector in Nunukan Regency. The inhibiting factors in the management of Binusan Waterfall are related to the budget for object development and not all communities are moved to take an active role in the development of tourist destinations, the lack of professional human resources, and the need for more attention from the Nunukan Regency Tourism Office in improving human resources competently.
Contribution: This study provides a description of the development of 3A (attractions, amenities, and accessibility) through the role of the Tourism Office in the natural tourist destination of Binusan Waterfall, Nunukan Regency.


A 45-year-old man was admitted to our hospital's cardiology service suffering from an intermittent chest pain and exertional dyspnoea. The patient was referred to our computed tomography (CT) department to make further evaluation with coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). In his coronary CTA exam, there were no significant stenosis. But we saw an interesting view at the side of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) division. An early well-developed first obtuse marginal (OM1) branch of left circumflex artery (LCX) was mimicking quadrofurcation of LMCA with the other three main branches; LCX, left anterior descending artery (LAD) and ramus intermediate (RI) (Figs. 1A–D). Occasionally, the LMCA trifurcates into the LAD, LCX, and RI. There are many anatomical variations of coronary arteries. While some of them are very important and life-threatening, the others have no clinical importance. Although the variation in our case belonged to the second group which has no clinical importance, it should be considered before possible coronary arterial interventions. Multislice ECG-gated cardiac CT is rapidly emerging as a useful noninvasive tool for the evaluation of the coronary arterial tree. Multislice CT may be superior to catheter angiography in defining the ostial origin, proximal course, and termination of the coronary arteries and may be the 'gold standard' for detecting coronary anomalies. We demonstrate an interesting coronary variation with 320-multidetector CT in our case.


phenom-enon and harbinger of recurrence in patients with a history of cancer, its misdiagnosis may be associated with unnecessary investigations and increased patient anxiety. The 2 cases pre-sented in this article expand the clinical spectrum of HFS and demonstrate how the eruption may be misdiagnosed as cutaneous dermatomyositis when affecting the dorsal part of the hands.


The paper deals with the investigation of bestiarian metaphors in the poetological discourse using the example of V. Shklovsky's book Theory of Prose (1983). Bestiarian estrangement is analyzed as this author's key stylistic device.


Excerpt Dis) Connecting Tourism and Photography: Corporeal Travel and Imaginative Travel save format_quote email    share © 2019 Berghahn Books Follow us on: Powered by: PubFactory Accessibility Rights & Permissions Terms & Conditions Contact Us Privacy Policy


This paper proposes novel fiber optic BPSK and QPSK modulation links that use various combinations of optical sources, photodetectors, optical modulators, microwave hybrid circuits and microwave switches. Two BPSK modulation links, one consisting of two laser diodes (LDs) and two photodetectors (PDs), and the other two PDs and two external optical modulators (EOMs) are developed. One BPSK link is experimentally investigated and good performance is obtained. The configurations of two QPSK modulation links are also described.<<ETX>>


This paper describes the reproductive processes of the Common Shrew so far as they can be determined from animals caught in the wild state. No account seems to have been given of the oestrous cycle of this species and existing knowledge regarding its life history and breeding habits is far from adequate. This is remarkable since shrews can be obtained readily in almost any rural district on the mainland of Great Britain. An admirable summary of the earlier work is given by Barrett-Hamilton (1911), and little further information, except that provided by Middleton (1931), has been added. The embryology up to the formation of the geminal layers and the development of the placenta have been described by Hubrecht (1890, 1894). The anatomy of the shrew has been described by Arnback-Christie-Linde (1907), but little attention is paid to the female reproductive organs.


As the requirement for bandwidth continues to increase in the video market, retaining the signal integrity becomes increasingly more difficult. For many of todays commonly used video interfaces, there are devices that can be used to assist in this matter. However, the use of such a device is only partially documented in the DisplayPort specification for the receiving image device, which means that the receiving side of the video link is free to choose its own implementation. This report presents, together with background research and design decisions, a suggestion for such an implementation. This implementation would need to be compatible towards a wide range of possible video Source devices and DisplayPort cables. This suggestion will be tested, implemented and verified using the Pulse platform developed by Barco.


The optical source phase noise is one of the main factors influencing the noise performance of fiber-optic interferometric measurement systems. The phase noise is directly proportional to the optical path length difference of the interferometer and wavelength instability of the optical source. Conventional phase noise suppression techniques involve the use of highly stable optical sources and reduction of path length differences of sensing interferometers. However, such methods are not always appropriate for all interferometric configurations. Alternative phase noise suppression techniques suggest the use of an auxiliary reference interferometer for independent measurements of the phase noise. In this case, the phase noise signal can be directly subtracted from the sensor signal. But equal path length differences are required for all interferometers in the measurement system. In this paper, an adaptive phase noise cancellation technique for fiber-optic interferometric sensors is presented. The proposed technique is based on the real-time evaluation of optical path length differences for all interferometers in the measurement system. This approach doesn't require identical path length differences and takes into account their variations caused by environmental conditions. Thus, the optical source phase noise can be independently measured by the reference interferometer and subtracted from the sensor signal with the required attenuation. The results of experimental investigations of the proposed technique for two types of interferometric schemes are presented. It is shown that the proposed technique demonstrates the phase noise reduction up to 30 dB in the frequency range up to 500 Hz.


The subject of agricultural growth is a matter of central importance in the evaluation of the impact of colonial rule on India. Given that the agricultural sector provided a very large share of total output and employment, movements in the per capita agricultural output would be a good indicator of changes in per capita income. Despite the usual caveats made about the dangers of using per capita income as a measure of welfare, a sustained fall in such income would imply a failure of state economic policy in a crucial respect.


Menin is a protein encoded by the gene multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1),mutations of which are the predominant cause for hereditary MEN1 syndrome.Menin plays various biological roles,affecting embryo growth and development,and is closely related to the occurrence and growth of the tumor.This paper reviews the progress of biological function of Menin protein.


74 Although young children are capable of learning complex and abstract mathematical ideas, the understanding is heavily influenced by experience and instruction. For instance, although toddlers and preschoolers can possess some understanding of number sense, it is usually implicit (Balfanz, 1999; Zvonkin, 1992). This understanding needs to be transferred to formal number knowledge, a process that may not necessarily be smooth. To take advantage of children's potential for learning, the experience of informal math must be connected and reinforced formally in early childhood education (Baroody, et al., 2004; Tudge, Li & Stanley, 2008). Compared with other subjects such as literacy, math learning requires more intentional guidance to make the knowledge explicit. It is more likely for young children to be exposed to and enjoy a story than a math problem. Therefore, appropriate learning opportunities provided by adults (and older children) are necessary and important for young children to learn mathematics. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to teaching mathematics to young children before they enter formal schools. A study of pre-kindergarten across 11 states showed that only 8% of learning activity was math-relevant, which includes any activity involving counting, time, shapes, and/or sorting(Early et al., 2006) (Early, Barbarin, Bryant, Burchinal, Chang, Clifford, et al., 2005). Similarly, a recent study indicates that among 100 classrooms researchers visited on multiple sites in a mid-west city, 90% of teachers in early childhood classrooms conducted literacy-related activities, but only 21% carried out mathematics activities (Chicago Program Evaluation Project, 2007). Preschool teachers were frequently found to provide little support for children's 75 mathematical development and seldom use mathematics terminology (Balfanz, 1999; Clements & Sarama, 2007; Frede et al., 2009; Lee & Ginsburg, 2007). When mathematics activities occurred, they were often presented as secondary goals of teaching (Cross et al., 2009). The critical math competence is not well supported during its crucial developing period. Is school time too limited in early childhood education to include math teaching? In contrast to the popular belief, school time is not too limited to include math instruction. Take preschoolers and kindergarteners as an example, about 40 percent of their time in school was participating in activities not associated with any instructional purposes (Cross et al., 2009). The majority of this non-instructional time was routine activities such as transitioning, waiting in line, or eating meals and snacks (Early et al., 2005). These non-instructional periods could become invaluable moments for math learning. Unfortunately, few preschool or kindergarten teachers appeared to make the most use of the learning opportunities arising during transitional periods or employ strategies for integrating math activities. Although there are many factors impacting the set-up of non-instructional time, the fact that little math is incorporated raises a question about whether teachers are well equipped with the math knowledge for teaching for understanding. It is frequently stated that early childhood teachers do not have good mathematical content knowledge (e.g., Ginsburg & Golbeck, 2006); however, few quantitative studies of teachers' math knowledge at this grade level exist. What do early childhood teachers know about foundational math that young children can learn? Because early mathematics is crucial 76 and teachers play a central role in math learning, it is extremely important to find answers to this question. In the meantime, although there have been studies on mathematical knowledge for teaching in upper elementary and other grades, to what extent and how appropriate these findings can apply to teaching foundational math is being questioned. Early math teaching differs from upper grade levels in many ways. There are usually multiple mathematical ideas involved in one of the play activities young children are involved in and intertwined with other learning areas, therefore, teachers must have a broad understanding about foundational math to cultivate math thinkers more effectively. It also requires teachers to obtain a comprehensive understanding about the connections among math concepts and big ideas in mathematics young children have to learn. In the meantime, although early math content deals primarily with small numbers and rudimentary concepts, the underlying structure is abstract and complex. The seemingly simple concepts adhere to similar principles as advanced mathematical topics such as algebra and statistics. Preparing teaching professionals adequately in unpacking the complexity of foundational mathematics can therefore pose distinctive challenges for students' understanding and sense making. Unfortunately, the training of early childhood teachers is basically subjectgeneral. Professionals working with young children have little math-specific training during the pre-service and in-service trainings. While Grossman's pioneer work on the development of PCK warned the field of teacher education that subject matter knowledge or classroom teaching experience themselves is not sufficient for teaching professionals; 77 it also highlighted the positive impact of subject-specific courses in supporting teachers' understanding about the subject and students' learning of the subject (Grossman, 1990). The lack of subject preparation and subject-specific pedagogy learning can pose serious obstacles for teaching foundational mathematics effectively. As well, young children differ from their big brothers and sisters physically, cognitively, and emotionally. On the one hand, their fine motor skills are still developing; their attention span tends to be short, they think more concretely and are just beginning to learn the meaning of various symbols and self-regulation. Therefore, teaching young children requires effort to meet their developmental needs. On the other hand, however, young children start to understand that one object may have different attributes, and demonstrate some organized, logical thoughts, although the thinking tends to be tied to concrete reality. A growing body of literature has indicated that many mathematical competencies, such as sensitivity to set size, pattern, and quantity, are present very early in life (Cross et al., 2009; Ginsburg, Lin, Ness, & Seo, 2003). Young children have more mathematical knowledge than we previously believed. Responding to young children's developmental needs while promoting their mathematical thinking makes math teaching in early childhood unique. To help young children construct understanding, it is also necessary to implement teaching strategies about the math content in an age-appropriate and flexible way, which makes early math teaching unique. For example, paper-pencil and deskwork are not developmentally appropriate for young learners. Hands-on and playful learning take priority in early mathematic learning and teaching. In recent years, math-related 78 verbalizations by teachers/parents have also drawn the field's attention as a critical component of early math teaching strategies (Levine, Suriyakham, Rowe, Huttenlocher & Gunderson, 2011). The studies imply the significance of applying effective representations to make the math content comprehensible for young learners. Young children's learning styles differ profoundly from older school children; therefore, teaching strategies in the early childhood classroom resemble little in the upper grades. For all these and many other reasons, early childhood teachers' mathematical expertise needs to be studied with considerable care and thoughtfulness. While there are many ways to conduct such investigation, the notion of PCK provides a promising framework to study early math teaching. The field of early childhood education is reluctant to specify standards for particular subject domains in order to prevent the fact-and-skill driven approach (Bowman et al., 2001). Teacher preparation is also subject-general. Therefore, the content aspect of teaching was a "missing paradigm" (Shulman, 1987, 1986). PCK theory, however, urges the necessity of studying content expertise for teaching, and highlights the specialized type of understanding that is only required and used in teaching. It implies that common mathematical understanding (knowledge shared among common adults) may not guarantee successful teaching for foundational math; it also suggests the significance of math-specific understanding regardless of the subject-general teacher preparation. Building on the literature of math teaching in the upper grades, our understanding of early childhood teachers' math knowledge warrants an independent investigation in its


The use of oxy-combustion in separated-jet burners opens interesting possibilities in pollutant and flame control, and has very important impacts on flame stability. An experimental study of the combustion characteristics and flame structures has been conducted on a simplified version of a separated-jet burner that includes a central natural gas jet surrounded by two pure-oxygen jets. The flame stability and its structural properties are analyzed by the chemiluminescence of OH. Liftoff positions, flame front, flame length, and the concentrations of CO2, CO, O2 and NOx have been measured. The effects of jet exit velocities, jet diameters and separation distance between jets on flame characteristics have been examined. The results quantify the increase of central jet velocity and the distance between the jets makes possible to control and reduce appreciably the NOx emission. The liftoff height and the flame length depend strongly on the spacing between the jets and the jet exit velocities. The flame front spreads noticeably with the distance between the jets; however, the effect of jet exit velocities is lower, especially if the distance between the jets is high.


Selenium,a trace element pollutant from coal combustion in the form of SeO2 in the flue gas,can be chemically absorbed by CaO at moderate temperatures of about 700 ℃.A thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA) was used to study the effect of CO2 on selenium adsorption.The reaction rates were based on the sample weight changes.The selenium content in the post-sorption sample was determined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).The results show that CaO absorbs more SeO2 than CO2 and SeO2 can replace the CO2 already absorbed by the CaO.Therefore,trace SeO2 gas can be absorbed by CaO even when high concentrations of CO2 are present.Between 700 ℃ and 760 ℃,the SeO2 adsorption rate by CaO decreases by 12% to 35% because of the CO2 competition.The competition effect of CO2 decreases with increasing temperature.


One of the only books to tackle the spiritual dimensions of Rumi's poetry delves deeply into the mystical Sufi tradition within which he gained prominence, providing readers with sharp insights into the world that created this beloved poet. Original.


A new algorithm for the numerical simulation of lattice field theories with fermion degrees of freedom is presented. Changes are proposed on a set of lattice sites or links using an approximate, local updating algorithm. The entire set of changes is then accepted or rejected according to a prescription that makes the algorithm exact. An efficient method of measuring the fermion Green's functions during the simulation is also presented. The algorithm is expected to be useful in studying a variety of lattice-field-theory problems in three space and one time dimensions.


The investigation on the influence of apple hardy dwarfing rootstocks on growth and fruiting habit of the scion cultivars was conducted for five years. The results showed that the compatibility of the scion culti-vars (Jinhong and Hanfu) grafted on various rootstocks (M. Robusta , M Micromalus baccata Borkh, inter-stocks , M Toringoidse var Xiaojinensis ) was different , hardy dwarfing interstocks 77-34 , GM256 and M Toringoidse var Xiaojinensis show the best compatibility. They were dwarfed, early fast-growing, exhibiting lower tree/crown width ratio, early blossoming, and early bearing in the young apple trees . Compared to ar-borous rootstocks ( M. Robusta , M Micromalus baccata Borkh ) , the early output was obviously increased , and the fruit quality was remarkably improved. Using 77 - 34 and GM256 as inter rootstocks and M Toringoidse var. Xiaojinensis as hardy dwarfing rootstocks on apple were the best in cold regions.


Two reported rulings in the well-publicised proceedings in Auten v. Rayner [1958] 1 W.L.R. 1300 and Auten v. Rayner No. 9, [1960] 2 W.L.R. 562 provide illustration of the workings of the English law of Crown privilege as established by Duncan v. Cammell, Laird 8f Co. [1942] A.C. 624. The first ruling held that a detective's reports to his superiors and some inter-police force communications were excluded from the court's consideration by the Home Secretary's declaration that such disclosure would not be in the public interest, despite the plaintiff's allegations of fraudulent conduct by the defendants. The plaintiff, arguing from the rules relating to claims of professional privilege (see O'Rourke v. Darbishire [1920] A.C. 581) contended that when a prima facie case of fraud is made out the usual rules of privilege are inoperative. And, in Lord Evershed's words, the court would therefore be competent to determine whether " the public interest, that is the interest of the department concerned as a department of State or its equivalent, outweighed the requirement of due administration." The Master of the Rolls rejected the argument, saying: " Where in an action between private individuals fraud is alleged, the parties concerned lose the benefit of their private right to privilege. But here there is no right which a private person can forfeit. It is a public right required and justified by the administration of public affairs."


The present invention relates to a machine element assembly comprising a first machine element (01) and with an opposite to the first machine element (01) disposed second machine element (02). The present invention particularly relates to a bearing assembly having a first bearing ring (01) and with an opposite to the first bearing ring (01) rotatable second bearing ring (02). The bearing arrangement comprises a measuring arrangement (04, 06) for measuring the first bearing ring (01) acting force and / or on the first bearing ring (01) acting torque. The measuring arrangement (04, 06) comprises at least one ring (04) of a magnetostrictive material and arranged one opposite the ring (04) magnetic field sensor (06). The ring (04) seated on the first bearing ring (01) and is magnetized by a permanent magnetization. The magnetic field sensor (06) is designed for measuring an induced by the permanent magnetization and by the force and / or by the moment of the magnetic field. Thus, the measurement arrangement (04, 06) based on the inverse magnetostrictive effect.


Main techniques for stope leaching are introduced.The application of stope leaching in Lantian Uranium Mine,and the obtained economical and environmental benefits are systematically summerized.The research direction is put forward.


This study evaluates the spatial conditions of the residential environment in welfare housing built for low-income, single-parent (LISP) families in South Korea to reveal the significant residential environmental (RE) design criteria concerning housing quality and family well-being. The primary data were analyzed by surveying 30 housing directors from 29 welfare residences, in conjunction with facility visits and interviews. The survey data were supplemented by interviewing 11 stakeholders, including government institute officials, project architects, and former residents who exited the program. A statistical analysis examined the RE quality in relation to building and resident features. Most respondents reported insufficient physical quality, specifically due to inappropriate units in size and number; poor indoor noise control; and substandard unit rooms, children's rooms, and outdoor spaces. Furthermore, adequate rooms, family privacy, and a pleasant indoor environment (i.e., noise barrier, thermal comfort) were the most critical spatial design criteria. Particularly, the aforementioned housing environmental attributes were found to be different depending on a building's construction year and type, householder type and age, and children's age. Practical and methodological implications and future research directions are discussed to elevate the housing quality and sustainable well-being in welfare housing.


Purpose: Patients scheduled to undergo the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are usually octogenarians with severe co-morbidities and an increased risk of surgery-associated complications. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of insufficient oxygen delivery as measured by mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) via invasive continuous cardiopulmonary monitoring and the low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) in patients undergoing the TAVR procedure. The second objective was to examine how these hemodynamic measurements would change during critical events, such as rapid ventricular pacing (RVP) during this procedure. Methods: This prospective, observational study, examined twenty patients undergoing TAVR under general anesthesia. Hemodynamic variables, SvO2 and the continuous cardiac output (CO) were assessed using pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) and a Vigilance® monitor. Insufficient oxygen delivery was defined as a SvO2 value under 58% and LCOS as a cardiac index (CI) under 2 L/min/m2. Total intravenous anesthesia and hemodynamic management protocol were standardized. RVP was induced twice during the procedure at a frequency of 180 - 200/min. Predefined clinical endpoints were assessed during the procedure and hemodynamic values were analyzed before and after twelve critical events. Results: The data of twenty patients with a mean age of 80 ± 4 years and EuroSCORE 18 ± 10 were analyzed. Fourteen (70%) of the TAVR procedures were performed transapically, the other six (30%) transfemorally. The SvO2 value under 58% (mean 54 ± 6) and the CI under 2 L/min/m2 (mean 1.6 ± 0.2) were detected in 60% of patients (n = 12) before the use of RVP. All of these patients received perioperative inotropic medication and required norepinephrine infusion for maintenance of adequate blood pressure. The SvO2, CO and CI were significantly decreased after the use of RVP (P 2 reverted rapidly to the same level as before the application of RVP (1 min), CO, and CI 10 min later. At the end of the operation SvO2 values were at same level as before RVP and CO and CI were higher than before RVP. Conclusion: A high incidence of insufficient oxygen delivery and low cardiac output syndrome were detected in patients undergoing TAVR procedures. Nonetheless, all hemodynamic values returned rather rapidly to the same level as before the use of the RVP and were at the optimal level at the end of the procedure. According to the current study, the most hemodynamically hazardous steps during TAVR are the use of RVP sequences, the induction of anesthesia and the initiation of surgery.


Major institutional investment managers, such as, hedge funds and large university endowments, have based their investment portfolios upon tactical asset allocation among multiple asset classes with low correlation with the goal of achieving superior risk-adjusted returns. Until recently, this strategy has been extremely successful achieving compound annual returns over time of 10-15% with lower levels of volatility and superior risk-adjusted returns.However, during the current financial crisis, many of these asset classes experienced high degrees of correlation as they all decreased in value. It appears that in a global financial crisis, any asset classes that contain any form of market risk are quite linked. In addition, many alternative asset classes, such as, hedge funds and private equity not only decreased in value but also were illiquid in nature. This has impeded asset class re-allocation efforts.The Channel Capital Research Institute offers a new strategic asset allocation framework called Monetary Environmental Flow Analysis™ (MEFA™) which can offer downside protection in such environments using only Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) and other extremely liquid investment vehicles. It utilizes basic tenets of asset allocation. However, it recognizes that many asset classes can be highly correlated in a downturn and offers the ability to allocate to riskless asset classes depending upon one's goals and objectives. MEFA™ strategies offer the ability to create a customized framework for creating a portfolio based upon the specific risk-return tradeoff desired by the specific investor. The results over time are long-term returns comparable to equities but with lower drawdowns in financial crisis environments. These strategies are tested over the period 1996-2014.


This paper considers firstly some aspects of dorso- lumbar disc degeneration, secondly the disc lesions in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis and disc calcification.


On the basis of introducing the high effective double-electrode gas metal arc welding(DE-GMAW) procedure, used decoupling control system for the high-speed DE-GMAW test, measured the base metal's heat input of DE-GMAW, analyzed the technology and mechanism of DE-GMAW, and improved the DE-GMAW technology, further studied the mixed gas DE-GMAW and dripping transition behavior, and developed single power supply DE-GMAW. The results show that, using decoupling control system makes DE-GMAW welding process better stability, higher accuracy and faster response speed; bypass shunt is the key to realize the high efficiency welding and reduce the base metal's heat input; Using mixed gas can improve the stability of DE-GMAW, single power supply DE-GMAW formatted good weld and reduced the equipment cost. Key ward:double-electrode gas metal arc welding(DE-GMAW);heat input;technology and mechanism;mixed gas


The current gold standard for the design of orthopaedic implants is 3D models of long bones obtained using computed tomography (CT). However, high-resolution CT imaging involves high radiation exposure, which limits its use in healthy human volunteers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an attractive alternative for the scanning of healthy human volunteers for research purposes. Current limitations of MRI include difficulties of tissue segmentation within joints and long scanning times. In this work, we explore the possibility of overcoming these limitations through the use of MRI scanners operating at a higher field strength. We quantitatively compare the quality of anatomical MR images of long bones obtained at 1.5 T and 3 T and optimise the scanning protocol of 3 T MRI. FLASH images of the right leg of five human volunteers acquired at 1.5 T and 3 T were compared in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The comparison showed a relatively high CNR and SNR at 3 T for most regions of the femur and tibia, with the exception of the distal diaphyseal region of the femur and the mid diaphyseal region of the tibia. This was accompanied by an ~65% increase in the longitudinal spin relaxation time (T1) of the muscle at 3 T compared to 1.5 T. The results suggest that MRI at 3 T may be able to enhance the segmentability and potentially improve the accuracy of 3D anatomical models of long bones, compared to 1.5 T. We discuss how the total imaging times at 3 T can be kept short while maximising the CNR and SNR of the images obtained.


In books and textbooks on map projections, cylindrical, conic and azimuthal projections are usually considered separately. It is sometimes mentioned that cylindrical and azimuthal projections can be interpreted as limiting cases of conic, but this is rarely proven. The goal of this article is to show in a rigorous and systematic way how to generally approach solving the problem of transition from a conic to a corresponding cylindrical projection. This article points to the fact that J. H. Lambert showed as early as 1772 that a conformal cylindrical projection is created from a conformal conic projection. Following his idea, this paper shows that not only conformal, but also equal-area and equidistant cylindrical projections can be derived from corresponding conic map projections. Although it seems that the paper deals with quite well known and intuitive property of conic projections, it will also show that the transition from the conic to the corresponding cylindrical projection is not always possible.


Background and objectives Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Homocysteine thiolactone (HcyT), one of the homocysteine metabolites in vivo, is toxic both in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HcyT on apoptotic damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the role of antioxidants in the reduction of HcyT-induced apoptosis. Methods HUVECs were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 20% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum cell cultures were maintained in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 ℃. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay,which consists of hypodiploid cells with propidium iodide labeling and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate as the probe by flow cytometry. Results HcyT (250-2000μM) induced HUVECs apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species levels rose in response to increasing HcyT concentrations at 24-h incubation.The reduction of cell apoptosis by N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, occurred simultaneously with a significant decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Conclusion HcyT exerts its cytotoxic effects on endothelial cells through an apoptotic mechanism involving cellular reactive oxygen species production. The capacity of N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate to scavenge HcyT-induced cellular reactive oxygen species correlates well with their efficiency to protect against HcyT-promoted apoptotic damage. The protective effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on cell apoptosis indicates HcyT-generated hydrogen peroxide may provoke cell apoptosis via activating nuclear factor-kappa binding protein.


1a. What is the difference between the advertised window and the congestion window in TCP? b. Explain the relationship between global synchronization with Drop Tail routers and the dynamics of the congestion window of a TCP Reno source. c. Explain how RED works. d. Discuss how well RED meets its original goals. 2a. Explain CSFQ? b. What is CSFQ's advantage over FRED? c. Would CSFQ work better with UDP or TCP? Why? d. Discuss integrating CSFQ with MPLS. 3a. What are the repercussions of the conclusions in the "RED Tuning" paper? b. Does Adaptive RED address any of the problems put forth by Christainsen et al? c. Compare READ and Adaptive RED? d. Discuss the changes in attitudes towards Sally Floyd's original suggested settings for the RED parameters. 4a. Characterize Web traffic in relation to FTP traffic? b. Briefly describe three Web traffic performance issues. c. Describe how RIO-PS works and how it addresses Web traffic performance issues. d. Discuss limitations of the RIO-PS approach and suggest possible improvements. 5a. Explain the difference between relative and absolute service differentiation. b. Briefly describe the three relative differentiation models. c. Discuss the drawbacks of these schemes that are addressed in the proportional differentiation model? 6a. Explain the differences between IntServ and DiffServ. b. Define the role of a Bandwidth Broker and explain how Bandwidth Broker concept fits into DiffServ. c. Why is the Qbone Premium Service important to the overall Qbone architecture? d. What issues must be dealt with by the Bandwidth Broker to make end-to-end interdomain resource reservations? 7 Given an on-demand video delivery system composed of distributed servers: a. Briefly outline pre-storing and pre-caching in relation to a multicast delivery mechanism. b. Explain how the normalized cost, Chat , would change if local, inter-server bandwidth were to cost beta1 $/(min.channel). Provide both a general equation for all delivery mechanisms and a specific re-analysis of the communicating servers delivery mechanism.


An efficient computional procedure is presented for reducing the cost of the stress, free vibration, and buckling analyses of multilayered composite cylinders. The analytical formulation is based on the linear three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The cylinders are assumed to have simply supported curved edges, and the fibers of the different layers are either in the circumferential or longitudinal direction. The fundamental unknowns consist of the six stress components and the three displacement components of the cylinder. Each of the variables is expressed in terms of a double Fourier series in the longitudinal and circumferential coordinates, and a two-field mixed finite element model is used for the discretization in the thickness direction. The cylinder response associated with a range of Fourier harmonics in the longitudinal and circumferential directions is approximated by a linear combination of a few global approximation vectors, which are generated at particular values of the Fourier harmonics, within that range. The full equations of the finite element model are solved for only a single pair of Fourier harmonics, and the response corresponding to the other Fourier harmonics is generated using a reduced system of equations with considerably fewer degrees of freedom.


In order to accommodate the law's concern with ascriptions of responsibility, the metaphoric use of the notion of "disease" finds expression as a reified construct, "dangerousness". By moving between different levels of analysis the law exploits the contradictory nature of the discourses and gives expression to overriding social, cultural and political demands. The law has formulated a range of tests around which assessments of "dangerousness" are effected. Yet in so doing, dispositional issues become confused with issues of criminal responsibility. What results is the swallowing up of individual justice in the light of broader social defence considerations.


China's energy industry has been developing rapidly, especially the power industry. The power generation capacity has increased by about 12 million kW annually. The total capacity of installed electric power generators in mainland China has topped 300 million kW. and China ranks second in the world for installed capacity.


partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer based Information Systems at Strathmore University.


Methods for the preparation of p-nitrocalix[4]-arene via the direct substitution reaction of the p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene which is readily available with high yield from the base-induced direct condensation reaction procedure are described.


The German medical association held its 100th annual conference in Eisenach (in the former East Germany) two weeks ago. Sandra Goldbeck-Wood reports.

The German medical association has agreed radical changes to GP training–from 2005, GPs will need to train for five years rather than the current three after registration.

Up to three years of this lengthened training may be spent in general practice, with one and a half years as a minimum. Trainees will also spend at least a year in internal medicine and six months each in child health and surgery. The remaining two years can be spent in a series of optional specialties, both in hospitals and in office based practices.

Professor Hoppe, President Herzog, and Dr Villmar

JOHANNES AEVERMANN

The reforms are intended to boost flagging public confidence in GPs, according to Professor Jorg Hoppe, vice president …


This article examines the geographic information system of an oil and gas production enterprise, designed for integrated monitoring of a field and individual oil wells. To solve logistical problems that are relevant both during the operation of existing fields and in the construction of new areas, it is proposed to refine the geographic information system using the method of optimal placement of objects of a spatially distributed complex. One of the promising applications of the geographic information system, which qualitatively increases the efficiency of its use, is its use as part of automatic identification systems and automated synthesis of systems for optimal digital control of spatially distributed dynamic objects.


[1] The mixing of tracer patches by nearshore breaking waves was investigated by Feddersen [2007, hereinafter referred to as F07]. Key results of F07 for periodic breaking waves, derived from numerical experiments, include: (1) the mean cross-shore tracer location changes little with mixing, (2) the variance of the cross-shore tracer position increases linearly with time, (3) the skewness of the cross-shore tracer position tends to zero as mixing progresses. Here, these results are derived analytically.


The paper provides an improved evolutionary strategy (ES) of genetic algorithm (GA) on the basis of the existing literature. The ES overcomes the shortage of traditional GA whose excellent child individuals obtained in the crossover process may not survive in the process of mutation. In addition, the crossover probability and mutation probability which is hard to determine in traditional GA is removed for this proposed strategy. At the same time, it increases the number of individuals produced in process of crossover. This may increase the possibility of producing excellent individuals, thus lead to better improvement of the traditional GA. The test result of finding the optimal values of four functions using transitional GA and the proposed GA is presented in this paper. The result shows that the improved ES presented in this paper has faster calculation speed and significantly smaller number of iterations than the traditional GA. Thus, the improvement of improved ES is powerfully illustrated. Based on articles in the existing research literature, the initial population generation methods were further explored when using the genetic algorithm(GA) for solving constrained optimization problem. Through the research we present a new method about initial interior point's generation. Firstly, construct a constraint posed by the objective function, which is based on the characteristics of constrained optimization problems. Then translate the problem of evaluating the initial interior point into a problem of solving a series of unconstrained optimization. By solving the unconstrained optimization problem, we achieve the solution of the initial interior point. Based on this idea, the research has given a method on the generation of the rest initial population individuals. In addition, through the research we concluded that the key to generate the initial population is to obtain an initial point. The production of other individuals will take less time after the initial internal point is obtained. Finally, we verified by examples that the initial population generation method given by this paper is a fast and reliable method. Thus the shortage of the GA of which the initial population is difficult to be produced in some constrained optimization problem is overcome.


PURPOSE: A projection image touch device of a single infrared ray camera mode is provided to supply an interactive UI(User Interface) to users and to supply fun and convenience to the users. CONSTITUTION: An infrared ray LED(Light Emitting Diode) array(110) illuminates infrared rays and generates an infrared ray screen on a space. A projector projects an image on the infrared ray screen. A single infrared ray camera(120) includes a lens toward the infrared ray screen and is installed in the upper side or the lower side of a center unit of the infrared ray LED array. A space touch recognition module calculates an X/Z-axis coordinate of the infrared ray screen, which is touched by a user indication unit, using an image photographed by the infrared ray camera. When a pulse signal is inputted from a pulse generation unit(180), an LED driving unit(190) blocks DC power supply of the infrared ray LED array. [Reference numerals] (120) Infrared ray camera; (137) Display module; (150) Space touch recognition module; (160) Computing module; (180) Pulse generation unit; (190) LED driving unit; (200) DC power; (210) Resistance


Background: The HEART score consists of a simple test designed to stratify patients who consult the emergency departmentfor chest pain, according to their risk of presenting an acute coronary syndrome in the short term. It was initially createdwith a fourth-generation troponin, but the advent of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T required its incorporation into thescore and the re-evaluation of its behavior.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the HEART score with high sensitivity cardiac troponin T.Methods: A prospective study was conducted including 1,464 patients who consulted at the emergency department due chestpain, with a non-ST-segment elevation electrocardiogram. The incidence of MACE (composite of acute myocardial infarction,death and revascularization) at 30 days was evaluated.Results: The index classified 739 patients (50.5%) as low risk, 515 (35.2%) as intermediate risk and 210 (14.3%) as high riskpatients. The composite of acute myocardial infarction, death and revascularization incidence was 1.35% in the first group,20%, in the second group and 71%, in the third group (log-rank test p<0.001). The area under the global curve for the compositeof acute myocardial infarction, death and revascularization was 0.91 (0.89-0.93).Conclusions: The HEART score using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T has a great capacity to classify patients with chestpain according to their risk of presenting cardiovascular events in the short term.


The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted elderly people as a vulnerable and excluded community, and connecting to the younger social media generation requires a shift in intergenerational storytelling p...


Investigate the optimal process of flavorful duck liver sauce with general duck liver.Treating duck liver with spice,warm and boiling water.Design experiments to get the objective of removing fishy smell and decoloration.Obtain the optimum mixture ratio of duck liver,lean pork and chicken;the addition of ice water during homogenization;the addition of citric acid and β-cyclodextrin with solely factor experiments.And in the end obtain the optimalformula of flavorful duck liver sauce.


Establishment and household-generated electronic wastes are becoming a significant problem. Literatures showed that the volume of electronic wastes generated worldwide is increasing thus becoming a threat to the environment and human health. In the local setting, Calbayog City is experiencing the same dilemma on electronic waste. This problem prompted the researchers to conduct this study. This study aimed to assess the disposal management practices of unserviceable electronic resources as observed in Calbayog city and identify the problems encountered in the disposal management of electronic wastes resources. The questionnaire was used as the primary research instrument to gather data. The respondents of the study were households and establishments in Calbayog city. In addition to the questionnaire, the researchers conducted an interview, inventory and actual site visit to the landfill area. The result showed that among the identified disposal management practices, the repair to extend the life of electronic resources was commonly observed by the respondents. On problems, lack of disposal facilities for e-wastes was the most felt problem by the respondents. The researchers concluded that an electronic waste management facility should be provided by the local government so that the establishments and households in Calbayog City can sustain the positive practices in waste disposal and eventually minimize the problems on electronic waste disposal.


The present study aimed at evaluating, through immunohistochemical staining, E-cadherin, β-catenin and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) expression and distribution in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic canine colon and rectum, and at correlating the protein expression with the histological grade of malignancy. In order to obtain a more thorough evaluation of the APC/β catenin complex, both proteins were also assessed for colocalization in neoplastic cells through double immunofluorescence staining. Immunohistochemical investigation showed a marked decrease of E-cadherin and APC expression in malignant tumours, while a lack of membranous β-catenin distribution and a cytoplasmic positivity, rather than a decrease of expression, was observed in less differentiated carcinomas. Confocal laser microscopical observation showed cytoplasmic β-catenin distribution solely in APC- negative cells, demonstrating that the correct β-catenin distribution on the cell membrane can be APC dependent, as in human colorectal carcinomas. Therefore, the changes in adhesion molecules can play a very important role both in colorectal carcinogenesis and in malignant progression; moreover, these proteins can also be considered powerful prognostic tools in veterinary oncology.


Dr. Clara D. Bloomfield, an internationally known expert in leukemia and lymphoma at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSUCCC), will receive the 2006 Distinguished Service Award for Scientific Achievement from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). She will receive the award during the annual ASCO meeting in Atlanta in June, 2006. ASCO is the world's leading professional organization representing physicians who treat people with cancer. The Distinguished Service Award for Scientific Achievement honors individuals who have helped revolutionize the practice of oncology through leadership and scientific vision. The award recognizes Bloomfield for more than 30 years of work in the discovery of new cancer treatments and the discovery and use of cytogenetic and molecular markers to diagnose, select treatment for and predict response of patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Her research has helped patients live longer, receive the least possible toxic therapy, and, in many cases, be cured of certain types of blood-related cancers. Notably, her pioneering clinical research in adult leukemia and lymphoma found that acute leukemia, a previously fatal disease, could be treated and cured using chemotherapy. Bloomfield is a professor of internal medicine in the division of hematology and oncology at OSU. Bloomfield joined Ohio State in 1997 as director of the Comprehensive Cancer Center and deputy director of the Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC - James). Bloomfield, holder of the William G. Pace III Endowed Chair in Cancer Research at Ohio State, relinquished her administrative duties in 2003 to return to research as her major activity. Ohio State created a new program, the OSU Cancer Scholar Program, and named her the charter Cancer Scholar, a position that allows her to spend most of her time on research although she remains the senior adviser to the OSUCCC - James. Bloomfield received her medical degree from the University of Chicago in 1968 and completed training in internal medicine and medical oncology at the University of Minnesota, where she joined the faculty and rose through the ranks in 7 years to full Professor of Medicine. In 1989, she moved to Buffalo, N.Y., to become chair of the department of medicine at Roswell Park Cancer Institute, a position she held until coming to OSU. She holds or has held many key leadership positions in the cancer research community at the international, national, state and local levels and has received numerous prizes and awards. Bloomfield has served as an elected member of the board of directors of a number of major international cancer research organizations, including ASCO and the American Association for Cancer Research. She recently was elected president of the Association for Patient Oriented Research. The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute is one of the nation's leading centers for research on the prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The OSUCCC - James encompasses seven interdisciplinary research programs and includes more than 250 investigators who generate over $100 million annually in external funding. It is a founding member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, and OSU's James Cancer Hospital is consistently ranked by U.S. News & World Report as one of America's best hospitals for cancer care.


ABSTRACT The volatile constituents of the secretory glands of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim, fruits were directly sampled by means of glass microneedles and investigated by GC and GC/MS. The main compounds of the secretory mixture were β-phellandrene (36.68%), hydroxy-α-sanshool (19.51%), piperitone (9.29%) and β-pinene (9.23%). The composition of the secretory mixture was also compared with that of the essential oils of the fruits obtained by hydrodistillation.


CITATION: Cotton, M. F. 2001. Necrotising enterocolitis as an infectious disease : evidence from an outbreak of invasive disease due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae [2]. South African Medical Journal, 91(2):133-135.


The challenge in drug targeting is not only the targeting of drug to a specific site but also retaining it for the desired duration to elicit pharmacological action. For a nanosystem administered intravenously, the first and foremost barrier is that of the vascular endothelium and the basement membrane. Also, plasma proteins have the \ability to affect the biodistribution of drug carrier systems introduced in the blood stream. The in vivo biodistribution and opsonization of nanosystems in blood circulation is governed by their size and surface characteristics. For the nanosystem to remain in blood circulation for a long time, the major problem is to avoid its opsonization and subsequent uptake by the phagocytic cells. The tight endothelial cells in brain constitute the blood brain barrier (BBB), which restricts the entry of most drugs and delivery systems. However vascular endothelium is not uniform throughout. Another barrier is that of the extracellular matrix, which should be crossed to access the target cells in a tissue. If the whole tissue constitutes a target then the uniform distribution of drug throughout the tissue is another problem.