Evidence contamination is one of the most important factors affecting results of evidence analysis.With the increased sensitivity of evidence analysis methods,especially forensic DNA analysis,the risk of evidence contamination has greatly increased.Potential contamination of physical evidence occurs in crime scene or forensic science lab in many ways with a lot of possible resources.The use of suitable protocols in crime scene and lab can prevent and identify evidence contamination,which minimizes the risk of evidence contamination.


"God said","Confucius said"and"What is…?"represent respectively three different speech forms in the ancient Hebrews,Chinese,and Greek culture.The Chinese and the Greek forms of speech seem to be lacking in the textuality of direct communication with the only God.This paper,based on the texts of Hebrew prophetic books and Confucius scriptures,maintains that the speech form and ethic of Hebrew prophets throw light on the reevaluation of the advantages and limitations of the ancient Chinese ethic.It also points out that scholars put more emphasis on comparing Confucian scriptures with ancient Greek philosophic works,while ignoring the relation of Confucian scriptures and Hebrew prophetic books.


Reflectometry, which uses the microwave radar technique to probe the magnetically confined fusion plasmas, is a very powerful tool to observe the density fluctuations in the fusion plasmas. Typically, two or more microwave beams of different frequencies are used for this purpose. If the intention is to study the plasma density correlations in real time, a tunable microwave source of finite bandwidth with real time control system will be desired. Because the tunable microwave source assembly and other sources as well as amplifiers in the system usually require multiple dc voltage supplies, different grounding schemes and filtering to break the ground loops have to be implemented in order to guarantee the system performance. In this paper, these grounding problems and the system performance impacts will be discussed while designing a new reflectometer with a tunable YIG oscillator for the Alcator C-Mod experiments.


The sec. amine aziridine Haz shows a peculiar competi-tion between geminal and non-geminal Substitution in its reactions with the cyclophosphazenes (I) and (III).


Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) technology is one of the key technologies for LTE-A.Meanwhile,pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation algorithm is an important method in OFDM system.In combination with LS estimation algorithm based on pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation,a DownWard-Interpolation(DWI) algorithm is proposed.Through MATLAB simulation analysis,the performances of various channel estimation algorithms under the LTE channel model and pilot signal structure are compared.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is of low complexity and easy in hardware implementation.


It is originally recognized that the Akashi Chapnel is a narrow one provided in Rule 25 ( a ) in Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea , but 三 t has been recently that the traffic control be required in this channel . In thls thesis we investigated the present conditions how the traffic control be , into three narrow


This paper provides a beginning  framework toward budget analysis from J   rights perspective; it  is neither definitive nor exhaustive.   Its limitations Jnd  gaps will likely become more evident as the rights-based approach is tested time and again by non-governmental organization around the globe. This paper is intended  to encourage, stimulate and provoke human rights groups to explore budget analysis from a rights perspective


The paper introduced the module of WDM device driver based on Windows XP,and analyzed the characteristics of development tool Driver Studio,especially,explained the important problem about the design of WDM device driver,methods,steps and notice.It also achieved the reading or writing and interruption program to the programmable I/O chip 8155,introduced the communications between device driver and application.


Sodium tellurite acts as a mild and highly selective oxidizing agent for thiols under phase-transfer conditions at room temperature. Aromatic and benzylic thiols are rapidly converted to disulfides. Short-chain primary thiols undergo oxidation in preference to long-chain thiols. Secondary thiols are sluggish in oxidation and tertiary thiols remain intact. No overoxidation of the sulfur atom is observed. Similar results are also obtained with sodium tellurate.


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. November 2017. Major: Educational Policy and Administration. Advisors: Rebecca Ropers-Huilman, Peter Demerath. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 157 pages.


Nowadays, Wireless Monitoring for home security is among the cutting-edge research area in the field of wireless sensor networks. To implement real-time surveillance of the home security, the intelligent remote monitoring system was developed for home security based on ZigBee technology and GSM / GPRS network. The system can send abnormal images and warning messages through MMS and SMS; receive remote instruction, and remote monitor household appliances. Meanwhile, the introduction of a variety of sensors and the enhancement of system reliability guaranteed that the intelligent remote monitoring system can be responsible for home security. To achieve reliability choosing appropriate routing protocols are essential. This paper presents the simulation results in order to choose the best routing protocol to give the highest performance when the routing protocols like AODV and DSDV are implemented in the target mobile nodes.


The work deals with the monitoring of educational achievements of children who are taught at home according to an individual curriculum. The essence, principles, functions and standards of the monitoring organisation are examined in the article. The author studies some peculiarities and problems of carrying out the monitoring of educational achievements of children who are taught at home according to an individual curriculum in pedagogical practice.


Three oil sand samples from Indonesia have been non-isothermally pyrolysed on thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The analyses were performed at different heating rates (5, 15 and 25oC/min) up to 850oC with nitrogen as purge gas. The weight loss curve shows that the main pyrolysis of oil sand takes place in the range of 200~600oC. On the basis of experimental data, a pyrolysis kinetic model was proposed. The kinetic parameters of activation energy (E) and frequency factor (A) were obtained by Integral Method. There is no clear relationship between activation energy and heating rate.


In this paper we show that the six functor formalism for sheaves on locally compact Hausdorff topological spaces, as developed for example in Kashiwara and Schapira's book Sheaves on Manifolds, can be extended to sheaves with values in any closed symmetric monoidal∞-category which is stable and bicomplete. Notice that, since we do not assume that our coefficients are presentable or restrict to hypercomplete sheaves, our arguments are not obvious and are substantially different from the ones explained by Kashiwara and Schapira. Along the way we also study locally contractible geometric morphisms and prove that, if f : X → Y is a continuous map which induces a locally contractible geometric morphism, then the exceptional pullback functor f ! preserves colimits and can be related to the pullback f∗. At the end of our paper we also show how one can express Atiyah duality by means of the six functor formalism.


Geological structure and mineral resources of Algeria The hydrocarbon System Ourd Mya is located in the Sahara Basin. It is one of the producing basins in Algeria. The stratigraphic section consists of Paleozoic and Mesosoic, it is about 5000 m thick. In the eastern part, the basin is limited by the Hassi-Messaoud high zone which is a giant oil field produced from the Cambrian sands. The western part is limited by Hassi Rmel which is one of the biggest gas field in the world, it is produced from the triassic sands. The Mesozoic section lays on the lower Devonian and in the eastern part, on the Cambrian. The main source rock is Silurian shale with an average thickness of 50 m and a total organic matter of 6 % (14 % in some cases). Results of maturation modeling indicate that the lower Silurian source is in the oil window. The Ordovician shales are also a source rock but in a second order. Clastic reservoirs are in the Triassic sequence which is mainly fluvial deposit with complex alluvial channels, it is the main target in the basin. Clastic reservoirs within the lower Devonian section have a good hydrocarbon potential in the east of the basin through a southwest-northeast orientation. The late Triassic-Early Jurassic evaporites overlie the Triassic clastic interval and extend over the entire Oued Mya Basin. This is considered as a super-seal evaporate package, which consists predominantly of anhydrite and halite. For Paleozoic targets, a large number of potential seals exist within the stratigraphic column.This paper describe the main geological structure and mineral resources of Algeria.


The Booster Neutrino Experiment (BooNE) has been approved to run at Fermilab and is currently under construction. This experiment will definitively test the result from LSND that indicates neutrino oscillations. If the LSND result is due to νμ→νe oscillations, the first stage of the experiment (miniBooNE) will observe approximately 1000 oscillation events in the first calendar year of operation.


This article arouses a debate with a critical view of social justice as a structural determinant –from the model of social determinants– of mental health. To do this, it is important to remember what dictate the WHO and the law 1751 of 2015 issued by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia, especially in its ninth article, which focuses on operationalizing the social determinants under an orientation to reduce the inequalities and promote good health and its improvement, raising life quality. However, being in a reality so complex and full of factors that alter the status quo of what justice should be in a democratic framework, affecting the integrity, welfare, quality, and harmony of the people, the discussion on the role of social justice in mental scenarios is brought. Phenomena like violence, for instance, will be one of those elements that undoubtedly affect this inalienable right. Thus, talking about a mental healthcare policy from the social determiners and covered under some integrating perspectives –as for instance from a collective approach– allows analyzing the condition of an analytical stance beyond the pathological, and considering the being as a social, historical, psychological, cultural, and political subject, and thus, also their mental health.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Recommended Citation Bazzano, Jason, "Differences in Sexual Dimorphism and Influences of Sexual Dichromatism on Crypsis Among Populations of the Jumping Spider Habronattus oregonensis" (2011). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 272.


The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wire harness, more specifically, to a wiring harness producing method by poseon the wires in the wiring cover produced in response to the layout to produce a wiring harness of the wiring harness . This invention is a wire harness manufacturing method is ready to be formed to correspond to the layout of the wiring harness and the wire are poseon the internal wiring cover the opening portion for the poseon form a wiring cover formed in accordance with the layout, step; After the wiring cover preparing step, through the steps of in response to the cover of wiring layout on the board through the production of the wiring harness; After the mounting step, the method comprising poseon poseon of the wire inside the wiring cover through the opening of the cover mounted on the wiring board assembly; May present a manufacturing method of wiring harness comprising: a; and wherein after step poseon, sealing step of sealing the opening portion of the wiring cover.


The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of our main experimental results on combustion instabilities and pressure oscillations in Double-Base (DB) homogeneous propellant grain rocket motors (SPRM-01, 02 and 03). We recorded some particular pressure-time traces, at extreme grain initial temperatures (223-233 K and 313-323 K), with significant perturbed pressure signal that was FFT analysed. On the basis of an improved mathematical model it was explored how the derived nonlinear pressure coupled response function, depending on time and frequency, behaves at extreme initial grain temperatures. Dynamic response of the propellant combustion under operating motor conditions was also investigated and the results were related to combustion stability and motor efficiency. The study model incorporates unsteady rotational sources and sinks in the acoustic energy assessment and thus a more precise formulation of the acoustic instability in SRM can be achieved. This method involves the calculation of minimum 11 growth rate terms that arise in the dynamics of an oscillating complex flow. The susceptibility of the tested motors with a DB propellant to get a significant perturbed working and to go unstable with pressure especially at extreme low initial grain temperatures has been conclusively emphasized and this risk has to be better evaluated.


The morphology of Ophiomorpha irregulaire and Diplocraterion is poorly understood in three dimensions, and their effects on reservoir quality are underappreciated. This Master's thesis focuses on morphological characteristics to aid in the identification of the trace fossils in cross section, and to form models of the trace-makers' behaviour, which is now understood to affect permeability. Understanding of the trace-makers' behaviour has led to a predictive understanding of sediment distribution within burrows and explains some morphological features. Based on the morphology and behaviour of modern day trace makers, Neotrypaea californiensis is an analogue trace-maker of O. irregulaire and Diplocraterion. Permeability measurements indicate that O. irregulaire reduces on average horizontal permeability (kh) by 28% and kv by 14%. Diplocraterion show an increase in permeability within the shafts and around the typical 'dumbbell' morphology relative to the matrix. Ophiomorpha and Diplocraterion have the potential to dramatically alter reservoir estimations and should be incorporated into reservoir characterisation studies.


Recently, Horne et al. presented NASA Ames measurements of the acoustic near field of a solid propellant rocket. The experiment consists of two phases: the high-burn and the low-burn phase. The main objective of this investigation is to use this set of data for the determination of the dominant components of near field rocket noise. The data consist of spectral measurements of an array of 14 near field microphones and a single far field microphone. By itself, the data are insufficient to accomplish the stated objective. We supplement the data with information provided by the two-noise source model of hot supersonic laboratory jets. The two-noise source model is supported by the existence of two similarity spectra. By applying the similarity spectra to the data of Horne et al. at low-burn, we are able to show that the dominant components of near field solid propellant rocket noise are the same as those found in the far field of supersonic jets. Further, the data allow the development of a model for the spa...


their place of living. The purpose of this article is to assess how these changes influence the demand for labor force. The author is of the opinion that the availability of jobs considering the age of employees has not changed in numerous provinces of Poland, and a the tendency to have a job regardless of employee age remains unchanged, with some alterations to labor resources only. The research preceding the article was conducted in Polish provinces within 2010–2013.


In UK, the tobacco veinal necrosis strain of potato virus Y (PVYN), potato virus A (PVA) and potato virus V (PVV) each occur in the field only in limited ranges of potato cultivars in which they mostly cause mild symptoms or even symptomless infection; little is known about incidence of strain C of PVY (PVYC). The ordinary strain of PVY (PVY°), however, is widespread causing symptoms ranging in severity from very severe through to very mild, depending on cultivar sensitivity/tolerance. During field inspections, very mild potyvirus symptoms may be missed, so inspectors are trained to be particularly vigilant when examining problem cultivars which react in this way. PVA is almost invariably treated, along with PVX, as a mild kind of virus infection, but infections with PVY°, PVYN and PVV are treated as severe with stricter tolerances being applied for them (especially for PVYN) regardless of symptom severity. Wide variation within the same cultivar in the behaviour of variants within the PVY° strain group also sometimes causes difficulties in interpretation at inspection. To detect PVY, PVA and PVV in routine serological testing on potato certification samples, it is necessary to employ specific antisera to each of them. PVYN-specific monoclonal antibodies can be used in ELISA to distinguish PVYN from PVY°.


This article aims at taking a new approach towards theorization of how the boundary of the public-private sphere is re-established in the North Korean society, which is gradually breaking away from the "classical socialist system". In our article we will focus on changes incurred to the public-private boundary before and after the "7·1 Economic Management Improvement Measure" in 2002. We will firstly outline the concept and the boundary of the public-private sphere as defined in a modern society, vis-a-vis public-private relationship in a socialist society. Secondly, we will explore the changing characteristics of public-private relationship unique to the Socialist North Korea.


Background: Thalassemia is a hereditary anemia resulting from defects in hemoglobin production. Beta Thalassemia, caused by a decrease in the production of β-globin chains, affects multiple organs and associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to comparsion between thalasemic and non thalasemic by used specific primers and identifying different microorganisms (aerobicand anaerobic) from urine and blood to detect. Materials and methods: The study samples consist of [41] Thalasemic and [18] non Thalasemic patients respectly. Isolation from mid urine and [25] Thalasmic and [25] non Thalasemic patients respectly. Isolation from Blood. Results: The main bacterial isolates were identified as47 isolates of E.coli (43.1 %), 9 isolates (8.3%) of S. Pneumonia., was 8 isolates of C. Pneumonia (7.3 %), 3 isolates of porteus and K. Pneumonia1 (11.9%). Whereas 6 isolates of Enterobacter colaca represented (5.5%), While P. aeruginosa represente 9 (8.3 %) and lastly Salmonella typhi and pseudomonas .spp(3.7%) for each In addition, Pantoea spp represents (2.8%). A highly significant difference was found between thalassaemic patients and non thalasemic found virulence genes. Bacterial in urine and blood of were found to be higher in the study compared to control group and the difference was statistically highly significant(P<0.01). Molecular methods (PCR analysis)of virulence genes, resistance, genotyping of E.coli by using primers specific to type 1 fimbria gene (fimH) and capsule gene (kpsMTII), hemolysin (hly). The PCR assay results identified 45 fimH (58%) and kpsMTII (40%) while hly (28%). Conclusion: Patients with Beta thalassemic major had more infectionsseverity compared to non Thalasemicpitients.


Otto Jul Nielsen (Acta medica Scandinavica, Vol. LXX (1929), fase. 1) investigated the effect of septacrol'u (acridine derivative) on blood sugar in various patients with normal carbohydrate metabolism and in diabetics. Septacrol was administered intravenously at 5 kbp. with. In the first cases, the amount of sugar in the blood did not change, and secondly, it is true, there was some decrease, but in magnitude it did not exceed those figures that were obtained in the study of blood sugar in starving patients. These results give N'y the right to consider the action of septacrol to be sharply different from the action of insulin


Objective The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine used in the ring after menstruation effect to analyze.Methods Randomly selected ring appeared after menstruation in patients with 75 cases,divided into A group and B group,A group of 43 patients for the treatment group,giving the stasis hemostasis Decoction of medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets cure;B group of 32 patients as control group,simply given medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets cure.Results In group A time,menstruation,menstrual cycle time was better than that of group B,efficiency is higher than that in B group,the incidence of adverse reactions is lower than B group.Conclusion The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine used in the ring after menstruation,have higher efficiency.


The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) was designed for reliable fixed network, it treat package loss or delayed as network congestion. But in Mobile Ad Hoc networks, other factors such as channel error, network partition and route changes also could invoke package loss, at the moment slow-start and fast recovery property of TCP will decreased the transmission performance. In this paper, we firstly discussed several main factors which infect TCP performance in Ad Hoc networks, and then presented an overall view on some representative improved schemes of TCP in Ad Hoc networks. Finally, we had an analysis and compare on these schemes.


The bull Periculoso of Boniface VIII was the first papal legislation to require strict enclosure for nuns of every order in the Latin Church. Issued in 1298, it was included in that pope's official compilation of papal legislation known as the Liber Sextus (3. 16, c. un.). The decree imposed strict active and passive cloister on all monasteries of nuns, that is, it prohibited not only exit from, but also entrance by unauthorised persons into, the monastic enclosure. The provisions of this legislation were reenacted, and stern penalties for its violation were added, at the Council of Trent (1563). Elizabeth Makowski's consideration of this bull forms the fifth volume in the Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Canon Law series, published by the The Catholic University of America Press. Her study begins with a discussion of the religious climate of the last decades of the thirteenth century, and of the circumstances in which Boniface VIII drafted the decree. After a short consideration of the promulgation and transmission of Periculoso to the local ordinaries and academics of Europe, the book reviews the canonical commentaries on this decree, grouped in three chronological periods (up to the glossa ordinaria of Joannes Andreae in 1305, the commentators concerned with the juridical implications of the legislation in the fourteenth and early fifteenth century, and the later writers who 'lingered over technicalities, whether of enforcement or circumvention', from the fifteenth century until the Council of Trent).


This work identifies and addresses current challenges and shortcomings arising in deployment and expansions of today's mobile networks, in order to determine the future of the Cloud-Radio Access Network (C-RAN) architecture. C-RAN proposes a three-fold RAN architecture, improving the flexibility, energy efficiency and performance of the RAN. On the other hand, C-RAN requires a division of the base station functionalities resulting in very high requirements to the interconnecting transport network, the xhaul. C-RAN has been promoted as the network architecture for 5G and future mobile networks; however, it has not yet been adopted by the majority of network operators. This work studies existing deployment scenarios and evaluates deployment opportunities for green- and brownfield installations in rural, urban, high mobility and latency sensitive areas. The studies are backed up by examinations of real-life network traffic, predicting that in a group of cells covering multiple different areas, C-RAN will improve network resource utilisation by a factor > 2. The outcome of this work results in a set of concrete deployment guidelines for the introduction of C-RAN in brownfield network installations and future greenfield installations. The deployment guidelines include functional divisions of the RAN, functional placement scenarios and xhaul network requirements.


The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C21H20N2S, comprises two independent molecules, which differ in the conformations of the cyclohexene and dihydropyrimidine rings, and in the orientations of the benzylidene moieties. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds.


We present a formal account of a genetic mechanism for Environmental Sex Determination (ESD) using a probabilistic process algebra (WSCCS). We exploit the process algebra to demonstrate that a single chromosome pair based polyfactorial system is intrinsically unstable. The system evolves, with a deterministic relationship between an animal's sex and its polyfactor count, to three possible forms of genetic mechanism: pure ESD; pure genetic sex determination (GSD) (both XY and ZW being possible outcomes); or a mixed solution with a 50/50 division between ESD and GSD. With a probabilistic dependence between gene count and sex we observe the rst and last of the above solutions (no pure GSD), but with population gene frequencies that can be far from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A model of the systemic behaviour in the presence of recombination is presented, and the e ect of the relative recombination and evolution rates is discussed. Our process algebraic model is extended to account for the polyfactors being distributed over many possible chromosome pairs and demonstrates that only one essentially new stable solution is reachable. We demonstrate that within a multichromosome system there will almost always be a `leading' chromosome pair which determines sex, other chromosome pairs will have identical sex determining information upon both members of the pair, but not necessarily none.


I distinguish two types of language, which I will call the language sign and the language of symbol. We use the language of sign when we take decisions in science and technology. The language of symbol is the language we use to speak about our options in metaphysics and religion. The analytical meaning of the language of sign and the global meaning of the language of symbol is studied in relation with the semantics of both languages. The mathematical formalization of the languages of sign has proved the incompleteness and undecidability of these languages. On the other hand Artificial Intelligence has raised the question of the possibility of reducing any language of symbol to a language of sign. But it is shown that the language of symbol cannot be totally reduced to the language of sign. I end the last section with two examples of two classical demonstrations of the existence of God. The logical structure of these demonstrations is clear and can be expressed in the language of sign, but the metaphysical meaning of the statements of the proof depends on metaphysical options that can only be expressed in the language of symbol.


It is more difficult to activate text based discussions than face-to-face discussions because participants tend to hesitate give their opinions. To activate text based discussions, it is necessary for participants to give their opinions many times. We suppose that participants will give their opinions if questions are thrown to discussions. This paper proposes an agent that throws questions automatically in text based discussions. The questions are generated from comments posted by discussion participants previously in a discussion. The agent chooses a comment including a word that appears frequently in previous posted comments. The agent adds "why" or "how" to the beginning of the chosen comment, then the agent throws the comment as a question to the discussion participants. We experimentally verified that the agent could activate discussions by throwing questions.


Objective: Recently, the prevalence of gall stone related with metabolic syndrome is increasing in Korea. The aim of this study was to reveal a relationship between components of metabolic syndrome and the development of gall bladder stones. Methods: Among the subjects who visited a health promotion center of Soonchunhyang University Hospital from March 2009 to March 2010, a total of 5,201 adults were examined. Among them, the final 5,052 (male 3,403, female 1,649) adults were included. Sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and the presence of gall stones were measured. Metabolic syndrome was defined by criteria of 2004 American Heart Association/Updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Analyses were adjusted by age and sex. Results: This study showed that the prevalence of gall stone was 1.6% and metabolic syndrome was 19.3%. The results didn't show an association between gall stone risk and components of metabolic syndrome. But gall stone risk was increased according to aging, high total cholesterol in the abnormal body mass index group. In normal body mass index group, waist circumference was related with the development of gall stone. Total cholesterol level was related with the development of gall stone in overweight group. Conclusion: This study showed total cholesterol levels and waist circumference related with prevalence of gall stone in specific body mass index group.


Results: Female undergraduate students were more concerned about their weight and body shape than male undergraduate students. Their knowledge of issues relevant to eating disorders was higher than in males, and the difference between the two groups was significant. Of all participants, 52.9% of females and 18.75% of males declared an interest in eating disorders. Both women (72.2%) and men (50%) most often derived their knowledge about anorexia and bulimia nervosa from science press books and publications. Moderate positive correlations between food avoidance and body shape and weight concerns were found in both groups. In addition, in females restraint was related to eating concern.


Model-based declarative queries are becoming an attractive paradigm for interacting with many data stream applications. This has led to the development of techniques to accurately answer the queries using distributional models rather than raw values. The quintessential problem with this is that of detecting when there is a change in the input stream, which makes models stale and inaccurate. We adopt the sound statistical method of sequential hypothesis testing to study this problem on streams, without independence assumption. It yields algorithms that are fast, space-efficient, and oblivious to data's underlying distributions. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods to not only determine the existence of a change, but also the point where the change is initiated, relative to the ground truth we obtain. Our methods work seamlessly without window limitations inherent in prior work, thus have clearly shorter delays compared to alternative window-based solutions.


Chromatographic characteristcs of aqueous solutions of inorganic electrolytes, a new class of stationary liquid phases (SLP) for vapor-phase chromatography, are considered. The SLP are characterized by an unusually high selectivity to organic compounds of the R-X type (R is a hydrocarbon radical, X is a polar group,e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine; for instance, light C1-C6 alcohols are eluted from the column with a water-containing phase in the following order: hexanol<pentanol<butanol<propanol<ethanol<methanol). The nature of the electrolyte used and its concentration in the water-containing SLP have a crucial influence on the column selectivity and the degree of separation of the compounds subjected to chromatography. This feature provides the possibility of controlling the column selectivity by changing the content of water vapor in the mobile phase.


We investigated treatment results, the effects of different treatment modality, and pretreatment Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) viral load for stage III nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.


Determining the learning context involves understanding the factors influencing it (physical parameters, teaching aids, participants, type of language course, time factor. The formulation of expectations by the teacher helps to reflect on their own pedagogical activities in teaching a foreign language. Suggested components (language: linguistic skills, topics / situations, competencies, content; situations: assignments, speaking, reading, writing, listening, communicative functions, genre; learning process and learner: emotional goals, interpersonal skills, learning strategies; social context : sociolinguistic, sociocultural, sociopolitical skills) allow the teacher to conceptualize the content of teaching a foreign language. Diagnostics of the needs and needs of students is a systematic, constant process of collecting information about the needs, preferences, interests of students, their interpretation and generalization for subsequent inclusion in the goal-setting process. The forms of collecting information are letters to the teacher, brainstorming, oral interviews, anonymous feedback, questionnaires, group discussions, conferences, etc..


ABSTSACT Seeking an understanding of rural communities in order to gain insights into opportunities for improving rural schools, this 2year project examined 14 case studies and presented implicationS for future use. Selected as exemplary of particular strategies and representative of diverse populations of rural America, the case studies were examined through: (1) a design session involving six professional consultants: (2) a review of existing reports, evaluations, and related documents, and (3) site visits which involved observations and interviews with key participants. Each strategy was identified as addressing variables within the educational system or as external to the educational system. The 14 rural school improvement strategies were analyzed in terms of the success of each community project, as determined by the durability of the program over time and its continuing contributions to its original objectives. Conclusions were that improvement efforts in rural schools mast be based on the reality of rural circumstances, and must include problem defining, planning, and implementing at the local level, as well as incorporating assistance from professionals and agencies outside the community. (JD)


A family of novel Josephson logic circuits called current injection logic (CIL) is presented. In contrast to previous approaches, it combines magnetically coupled interferometers with novel nonlinear injection gates to obtain ultra-fast logic speeds, wide margins, and greater fan-in and fan-out capabilities. Fastest logic delay of 30 ps/gate is measured averaged over two- and four-input OR and AND gates (average fan-in=4.5, average fan-out=2.5) fabricated using 2.5 /spl mu/m nominal design rules. The average power dissipation of these experimental circuits is 6 /spl mu/W/gate. An unprecedented logic delay of 13 ps/stage is measured on a chain of two-input OR gates, and the logic delay for a circuit consisting of two two-input OR gates, the outputs of which are `AND'ed, is measured at 26 ps. The experimental results are found to be in excellent agreement with delay estimates based upon computer simulations.


ONE OF THE less widely practised techniques for repair of atrial septal defect is the atrial well method introduced by Gross et al. in 1953 and further developed by Kirklin at the Mayo Clinic (Kirklin et al., 1956; McGoon et al., 1959). In this lecture I would like to present our experience with this technique which has now been in constant use in our clinic since the first atrial septal defect repair in August 1957.


A study of six months duration was conducted to assess the body weight and reproductive parameters of lactating dairy cows fed on paddy straw plus non-forage fibre sources based complete rations containing different levels of NDF, in two phases, viz., early and mid lactation. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric complete rations, T1, T2 and T3 with 25, 30 and 35 per cent NDF, respectively were formulated as per ICAR-NIANP (2013). Paddy straw was the sole source of roughage NDF, with the rest of NDF being met from non-forage sources, in all the three rations. Eighteen dairy cows yielding approximately 10 kg of milk per day were divided into three groups of six each, and allotted to the three experimental rations. During the first four fortnights of phase I, the cows fed on ration T3 had a significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight than those fed on T1 and T2, while T1 and T2 were similar (P>0.05). From the fifth fortnight onwards till the end of the experiment, the body weight of animals fed on all three rations, were similar (P>0.05), even though it tended to be higher with in cows fed on ration T3, than those fed on T1 and T2. Average period for the first postpartum heat of cows fed on the three rations were similar (P>0.05), even though it was earlier in case of cows fed on the experimental ration T3 than those fed on T1 and T2. A thorough evaluation of the results obtained in the present study, reveal that the animals in all the three dietary treatments performed well, with the complete rations T3 with 35 per cent NDF, showing better performance than and T2 with 30 per cent NDF and T1 with 25 per cent NDF. The cows fed on ration T3 were able to manage negative energy balance better, started gaining weight from the first fortnight onwards and came into heat earlier than the animals fed on rations T1 and T2, indicating that T3 was the best ration. These results suggest that complete rations with 25 to 35 per cent NDF, containing paddy straw as the sole source of roughage NDF, with the rest of NDF being met from non-forage sources, can be recommended for use among early and mid lactation dairy cows, with 35 per cent being the ideal NDF level.


The Gin customs,including customers of fishery,lives,religious and folk arts,bearing unique cultural connotations,are the results of the fine natural environment,extensive communications with other nationalities,and the inheritance of the conventional Chinese culture.


The Goalpara District was erected as a separate district in 1822.it is now further sub-divided into three districts viz Goalpara, Dhubri and Kokrajhar. During historical periods it came under the rules of many dynastic rulers. In the early period, the Kamrupa Kings ruled over this strip of land and then came Khen Kings who were again dethroned by Mahammedan ruler Hussain Shah of Bengal. It passed under the powerful Koch Kingdom established by Biswa Simha and in the declining days of the Koch Kings again Mahammedan rulers of Bengal occupied the portion of it while the Northern part remained under the rule of the Dev Raja of Punakha (Bhutan) till 1864–65. The southern portion of this district came under the British East India Company as early as 1765 by the treaty of Allahabad which granted the Company, the Dewani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. In the midst, it suffered many times from the onslaught of Mahammedan invasions. Its majority inhabitants are the Bodos, Rajbangsis and the Garos and other minor Bengali traders and Marwari merchants settled in the towns of Dhubri, Goalpara, Bilasipara etc. It remained backward since historical periods for which rulers are to be blamed. In recent past, the Zamindars and the British Authority simply used it as supplier of rich natural resources and the revenue thereof. They did nothing to improve this district by establishing industries and did not create avenues for the promotions of education for its populations. Since, the Bodos and the Rajbangsis are the majority population of this district, they are the most sufferers and remained ever backward till today. By this research article attempt has been made to find out the root cause of the backwardness of this district and its aboriginal people.


"Knowledge and Action Curriculum" is a school-based curriculum system with knowledge and action moral education
courses, knowledge and action subject courses, and knowledge and action activity courses as the content in Xi'an Gaoxin No.2
School. On the basis of the implementation of national curriculum and local curriculum, it insisted on moral cultivation. Under
the guidance of the educational thought of "love for nine years, knowledge and action for a lifetime", it started from the reality of
nine-year education system, based on the school-running idea, educational goals and local culture, Chinese excellent culture.The
knowledge and action course is devoted to the exploration of comprehensive education, and has formed innovative achievements
in practical theory and mechanism system.


Introduction: The dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst, whose therapeutic approach depends on the size of the lesion. This paper describes the treatment performed on a 14-year-old male patient who presented with a large dentigerous cyst on the permanent mandibular left second molar. Case report: The permanent mandibular left first molar was extracted, and the lesion was decompressed and marsupialized by excision of the overlying mucosa, opening a window into the cystic cavity and suturing an acrylic resin drain to the oral mucosa. The specimen removed during surgery confirmed the diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst. Within ninety days of surgery, there was a significant reduction in lesion size. Orthodontic treatment was then started, and included traction of the impacted tooth and opening of adequate space with a fixed appliance, providing favorable tooth alignment and leveling. Conclusion: Marsupialization and orthodontic traction should be considered when planning the treatment of a dentigerous cyst, mainly in young patients with large lesions, to avoid damage to the surrounding structures. Descriptors: Dentigerous cyst; decompression surgical; orthodontics corrective.


This paper discusses the appropriate methodology for the estimation of systematic downside risk. I find that the Hogan & Warren (1974) approach is the only one of several specifications of downside beta, that is consistent with both the original downside risk framework, as defined by Markowitz (1959), and state-preference theory. Empirically, the HW downside beta dominates both its unconditional counterpart and the alternative specifications of downside beta, suggesting that the role of downside risk has been greatly underestimated in the past literature. Additionally, as opposed to unconditional beta, HW downside beta (i) predicts significantly larger slopes and non-significant intercepts in portfolio cross-sectional tests that are consistent with theory and (ii) is not subsumed by size and changes in market value of equity, that drive the priced component of book-to-market [Gerakos and Linnainmaa (2012)]. The results indicate that downside beta has increased ability in capturing distress risk, which can account for its superior empirical performance.


Several rural electrification projects in remote areas have been implemented, however sizing is a complex task due to meteorological variables and the type of control strategies. This article analyzes the impact of different combinations of energy storage or hybrid storage systems for a small-scale renewable generation system composed of biomass-based generators and/or photovoltaic panels backed by diesel generators, three types of storage technology are considered, lead acid battery, lithium and fuel cells this with the help of an analysis software for renewable systems in order to check whether this hybrid system could be more economical than a renewable generation system backed by a single storage technology. The charge tracking (LF) control strategy and with a single storage technology gets the best results, the level cost of energy is ${\$}$ 0.122 dollars, while with Li-ion batteries and the same control strategy the cost of kWh is ${\$}$ 0.326


The effect of existence of undoped GaAs/AlGaAs cap layers on Ohmic contact resistivity in an AlGaAs/InGaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor was investigated. The Au/Ge/Ni/Au Ohmic contact formed on the undoped GaAs cap layer yields the lowest contact resistivity of 3.8×10−6 Ω cm2. Meanwhile, the contact resistivity increases a little to 5.0×10−6 Ω cm2 for the contacts formed on an n-Al0.23Ga0.77As layer exposed by removing the undoped cap layer. Both contact resistivities are comparable to those obtained using the n+-GaAs cap layer. The good Ohmic contacts obtained independent of removal of the undoped cap layer are due to the formation of the interfacial compounds, Au2Al and Au2Ga, during annealing. The interfacial compounds penetrate deep into the buried InGaAs channel, resulting in direct contacts to the channel.


The purpose of this thesis is to understand the logic of the approach based on income and the methods included in this approach. Reading through this paper must provide us with the ability to choose and correctly apply the methods presented in order to estimate the enterprise value. Understanding the method cash - flow update – is conditioned by the differentiation between collection and income, fees and expenses. The profit is the result of comparing revenues and expenses. Not all revenue generate collection at the same time; not all expenses generate payments. Their registration into accounting is delayed. Cash-flow is the evolution of the availability of funds in itself of the company, the evolution of the net treasury. In summary, we note that approach based on income estimates an enterprise value by converting future streams of income in the present value of an enterprise which can generate those cash flows.


With new federal security requirements in place since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, airport parking Operations managers have been forced to be creative and flexible in facilities and access planning. The "300-foot rule" prohibited parking within 300 feet of airport terminals, forcing parking managers to scramble as their most convenient parking facilities were deemed off limits. Strategies used to cope with the Restrictions include closing off part of the parking areas, manually searching vehicles, offering valet parking, and providing shuttle services.


This paper reports that the key equipment for air conditioning large commercial buildings is the centrifugal chiller. More than 80,000 of these chillers are in operation today in the U.S. and Canada. Some reputable scientists have concluded, however, that the refrigerant used in most of these chillers, a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) designated CFC-11, contributes to the degradation of the earth's protective ozone layer when it is emitted, rises into the upper atmosphere, and decomposes. The evidence has spurred state, national and even international action to restrict CFCs. At conferences of the United Nations Environmental Programs, agreement was reached on a worldwide ban of CFC production by the year 2000, with severe limitations on their production before then. These include CFC-11 and CFC-12, both used in some unitary air conditioning systems. What happens now Trane, manufacturer of more than half of the centrifugal chillers operating in the United States and Canada, recommends a choice of programs that are the subject of this article. They permit either safe, continued use of present chillers and refrigerant, or an easy conversion to an ozone-friendly refrigerant in the same chillers and, later, a switch to new chiller equipment totally compatible with the new refrigerant. In themore » immediate future, it means preventing CFC emission releases into the atmosphere and, eventually, a carefully-prepared switchover to a new refrigerant by properly-engineered equipment modifications.« less


e13563 Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease with multiple phenotypes and endotypes and associated with lung cancer development. In this study, we analyzed the clinical features of COPD including various phenotypic and endotypic features from the electronic health records (EHR) as the potential risk factors for lung cancer development in a large cohort of COPD patients. Methods: We identified a COPD cohort based on electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) network COPD cohort identification algorithms with minor modifications from the Mount Sinai Data Warehouse (2000-2020) and followed the patients on the first diagnosis of lung cancer. The development of lung cancer in COPD patients was confirmed by manual chart review. We retrieved the clinical features from EHRs and conducted Kaplan Meier (KM) analysis and multivariable Cox-regression modeling for hazard ratio (HR) analysis. Results: We found that 3.8 % of COPD patients (824 out of 21,658) developed lung cancer. While COPD patients with emphysema and smoking history (former or current) showed an increased risk of lung cancer onset, patients with concurrent asthma and corticosteroid (ICS) inhalation history showed a reduced risk of lung cancer onset (adjusted HR in Table). Interestingly, COPD patients with higher eosinophil counts showed late onset of lung cancer (>300 cells/ul, cancer rate at 5y=2.4%, p=< 0.002; 150-300 cells/ul, cancer rate at 5y=2.9%, p=0.003) when compared to patients with low eosinophils count (<150 cells/ul, cancer rate at 5y=3.4%) in a KM analysis. A multivariable analysis adjusted for age, gender, race, smoking status, COPD sub-phenotypes, severe exacerbation history, and ICS inhalation history showed a significantly lower risk of lung cancer in COPD patients with higher eosinophils count (150-300 cells/ul; HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.97, p=0.021 and >300 cells/ul; HR:0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.89, p=0.003) when compared to those with low eosinophils count (<150 cells/ul). Conclusions: Our study shows that many phenotypic and endotypic features of COPD are differentially associated with lung cancer development. High eosinophil levels, ICS usage, and concurrent asthma in COPD patients may reduce the risk of lung cancer development. [Table: see text]


We report the realization of a multifocal acoustic focusing lens using a simple metal cylinder structure immersed in water, as determined both experimentally and theoretically. The acoustic waves can be focused on one or more points, because the Mie-resonance modes are excited in the cylinder structure. The acoustic pressure fields measured in the Schlieren imaging system agree with the results calculated using the acoustic scattering theory. Interesting applications of multifocal focusing in the acoustic encryption communication are further discussed. Our work should be helpful in understanding the focusing mechanism and experimentally measuring the acoustic phenomena in cylinder structures.


This paper is an attempt to find out the challenges of the English teachers in teaching English at Secondary Level. It has been witnessed that in recent times the Assam Government has taken several measures to improve the quality of English teaching though with little satisfactory result. This paper therefore, aims at throwing lights on the existing practices of teaching English at Secondary Level and at the same time making the teachers alert about their role in upgrading the quality of English teaching so much so that instead of blaming the students for their inability to learn, they should take teaching English as a great challenge in front of them.


ABSTRACT The corner crack is an important issue during special steel continuous casting. To comprehensively investigate the heat transfer, stress, and shrinkage behaviours of slab corner, a full-scale thermo-mechanical model of a slab and its mould was developed, the inverse algorithm was applied to the model. The model was validated by comparing the calculated data with the measured data in the plant trials. The results showed that the thermo-mechanical behaviours of the slab corner showed a similar tendency but were not the same, which reflected the necessity of building a full-scale model. There exists 'hot spots' at the slab off-corner region, and its position moved away from the corner along the casting direction, which affects the temperature and stress distributions. The maximum stress value reached approximately 16 MPa at the mould exit. The model provides an in-depth understanding of slab corner during special steel continuous casting.


The wear is very difficult to characterize because of its complexity and its measurement phenomenon. Our work is to prepare samples Fan blades, worn, to determine the nature of the wear and damage them. For these reasons, the characterization of these samples was conducted in different microscopic and macroscopic scales. We used non-destructive techniques such as eddy current and penetrant methods. The results obtained allowed us to see the deterioration of fins from one floor to another. These results are directly related to the effects of mechanical, thermal and pressure. It has been, in addition to detecting a different type of damage these fan blades that is the fatigue damage.


Attempts are discussed that may be made to alleviate the problems of patients suffering from the severe field limitations of hemlanopia, primary pigmentary degeneration of the retina, and conditions leading to severe spinal deformity with anteflexion of the upper part of the body.

The investigations of previous workers are reviewed, and case histories given.


This article presents a distributed curvature sensing and shape reconstruction method based on parallel dual fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays for a type of cable-driven soft manipulator with irregular cross sections. The curvature at each measured point can be detected by the differential response of the relevant dual-FBG sensing unit with less interference from the temperature and axial driven force. The shape of the manipulator can be completely reconstructed by using the integration of the piecewise curvature functions. The measurement principle of curvature and shape reconstruction method have been investigated and derived. Experiments indicate that the constant temperature-induced error for the detected curvature is less than 0.1042 m−1. The error of the detected curvature is small less than −0.0824 m−1 within a changing temperature from 30 °C to 50 °C. The shape of the manipulator can be reconstructed with a small error of less than 1 mm under a constant or changing temperature environment. Static and dynamic grasping experiments for the manipulator have been implemented, which indicates a feasible shape tracking with resistance for axial force effect. Such merits further validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for distributed curvature sensing and shape tracking of the manipulator with irregular cross sections.


Today urbanization is one of the leading problem in the present days.Noise pollution causes health hazard to Human being. In urbanized areas major sources of noise pollution are traffic and construction activities.Noise levels were measured at selected locations in Udgir such as Shivaji chowk, Captain Chowk, Bidar gate, S.T. Colony and Udayagiri College area and the values were compared with standard values.It has been observed that the Noise level except udayagiri college , exceeds the values more than the prescribed guidelines of WHO and ISI. The noise level was observed highest at Shivaji chowk 110db and lowest at udayagiri College 45db. Noise is having adverse impact on the health of human being and environment, noise should be controlled. The conclusion drawn from the study is that the noise should be controlled at the source only by using technology. Key Words: Urbanization, noise, WHO, Technology, ISI


TWENTY-NINE PAPERS AND DISCUSSIONS WERE PRESENTED AT THE CONFERENCE ON DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF PILE FOUNDATIONS AND CELLULAR STRUCTURES. THE SUBJECTS COVERED INCLUDE STRUCTURE LOADING, PILE CAPACITY, LOAD TRANSFER IN PILE- SOIL SYSTEMS, INSTALLATION TECHNIQUES, INSTRUMENTATION AND CASE HISTORIES OF PILES. CELLULAR STRUCTURES ARE CONSIDERED IN REGARD TO BASIC DESIGN METHODS, STRESS AND FAILURE ANALYSES. THIS STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW IS DIRECTED TO ENGINEERS, DESIGNERS, AND CONTRACTORS WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF THESE TYPES OF FOUNDATION STRUCTURES. /AUTHOR/


Osteochondrosis dissecans (OD) of the human knee is an aseptic process of sub-chondral bone necrosis which often leads to the partial or complete separation of asubchondral free particle covered with articular cartilage.Epidemiological studieshave revealed that incidental peak of age concentrate in the second decade of life,es-pecially in highly exercised population such as athletes.The location of the involved


Broadly defined, aortopulmonary collateral blood vessels (APCs) arise from the systemic arteries and supply blood to the pulmonary circulation. In the setting of acquired and congenital pulmonary and cardiac disease, the number and caliber of these vessels can increase and lead to a significant systemic-to-pulmonary shunt. APCs typically arise from the descending aorta, subclavian artery branches, and bronchial and intercostal arteries. Unlike normal bronchial arteries, they often supply flow to the terminal respiratory unit and do not necessarily travel in close proximity to the bronchial tree. Prominent APCs are associated with a variety of congenital heart diseases but are more prevalent with cyanotic lesions, particularly tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary valve atresia. APCs are also commonly found in patients with singleventricle heart disease, and their extent may fluctuate with successive surgical procedures.1–4 The impact and assessment of APCs in patients with a functionally single ventricle is the focus of the discussion that follows.


Recently, the increase of loading amount on cargo ships due to the automation of loading process results in much complex ship operation. For this reason, NMEA-0183 based on RS-422,485 and NMEA-2000 based on CAN communication methods have been usually used as a standardized method in the marin electric interfacing equipments. In this paper, a general NMEA-0183 protocol was designed to support 7-channel NMEA-0183 serial communication data, which can receive 3-channel 16 bits ADC and 2-channel pulse using SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface). In particular, this method was designed for ship communication requires 7 important factors. Also in this study, using the minimization of the proposed method and realizing the monitoring system based on PC, the effectiveness of multichannel indicator system was proposed.


We recently described (Arch Ophthalmol 1988;106:725-6) the presence of unique calcific lesions in the eyelids of a youngwoman with a historyof hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis. Here we document that no immediate family members showedsimilarlesionsand that none was hyperphosphatemic.Dental roentgenographyrevealedcharacteristic abnormalitiesin the patientthat confirmedthe clinical diagnosisof tumoralcalcinosis.Seasonal biochemicalstudies demonstrated persistentlyincreased concentrationsof phosphorusand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in her serum. A calcificeyelidexcrescenceremovedfromthe patient,studied by x-ray diffraction,was found to consist of crystals of hydroxyapatite.Microprobeanalysisindicatedthe majorelements in the depositto be Ca, P, S, and Cl, just as in the penarticular deposits found in tumoral calcinosis. The Ca concentration in the patient'stear fluid,measuredby atomic absorption spectrometry, was withinthe rangefoundintears of healthy volunteers. Phosphoruswas undetectable(<30 jhmol/L) in tears of the patient and the volunteers. These findings suggest that the eyelid lesions represent a new manifestationof the pathologicalprocess that produces the characteristicperiarticularcalcificmassesoftumoralcalcinosis.


The anti-geronic protein α-Klotho (referred to as Klotho), plays a potential role in delaying age-related declines in cellular and tissue function, which has generated considerable interest in targeting this protein for the treatment of agerelated neurodegenerative diseases. Systemic exogenous elevation of Klotho enhances cognition and neural resilience in young, aging, and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Interestingly, in addition to age-related abnormalities, cognitive decline, and premature death, Klotho-deficient mice display nigrostriatal neurodegeneration, a hallmark of PD. We recently identified a role for Klotho in the regulation of mitochondrial DNA damage and bioenergetics. Given increased mitochondrial DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, we explored circulating levels of Klotho in human PD for the first time. To determine whether circulating plasma Klotho levels were associated with PD, we analyzed 122 plasma samples from the Fox Investigation for New Discovery of Biomarkers (BioFIND) cohort, a cross-sectional, observational study of moderate to advanced PD patients and ageand sex-matched healthy controls in which biospecimens were collected with standardized clinical and sample acquisition protocols. Education, race, and co-morbidities did not differ significantly between PD and healthy control groups. Total full-length Klotho levels were determined in the BioFIND plasma samples using a modified immunoprecipitation-immunoblot method, similar to our published studies. When analyzed dichotomously, plasma Klotho levels were not different between healthy controls and PD patients (Fig. 1A). However, levels of Klotho tended to be higher in women compared to men in the PD group; this difference between men and women with regards to Klotho levels was not observed in the healthy control group (Fig. 1A). Biological sex is a critical factor in the development and phenotypic expression of PD. These results are in contrast to the most common form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, in which Klotho levels were decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, perhaps highlighting differences in underlying mechanisms of these two neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is important to note that the immunoprecipitation–immunoblotting assay used in this study is more efficient in capturing soluble Klotho and selectively measures the full-length Klotho, as compared to the commercial ELISA commonly used. Therefore, caution needs to be exercised in directly comparing the two different methodologies for measures of Klotho. Further, it was recently reported that Klotho haplotypes interact with the APOE genotype to modify Alzheimer's disease risk. Correlating Klotho levels with Klotho haplotype information is an important consideration for a future study. We next tested the correlation between Klotho levels and PD-relevant clinical measures and whether sex modified these relationships. A lack of an association was observed between total MDS-UPDRS scores and Klotho values in PD patients (Fig. 1B). Additionally, Klotho levels did not correlate with MoCA scores in PD patients; stratifying by sex yielded similar results (Fig. 1C). We also did not find correlations between Klotho levels and advancing age in the PD group (Fig. 1D). Despite a link between pathological aging


IETRO CASTELNUOVO-TEDESCO INTRODUCED THE panel by pointP ing out the relation of obesity to anorexia, bulimia, and compulsive eating. He stressed that all these conditions may be seen as facets of a broad category of eating disorders characterized by disturbance of the body image, concern over being fat, and the perception of being too fat. These entities also are related to other forms of psychopathology, such as depression, addictions, and gambling. He noted that it is one of the contributions of psychoanalysis that all these conditions can be seen as related to one another clinically, developmentally, and dynamically. Castelnuovo-Tedesco reviewed the early psychoanalytic contributions to the understanding of obesity; which emphasized the vicissitudes of the oral drive and its impact on character formation. From a more current perspective, eating disorders are noteworthy not only because of the frequency with which they occur, but also because of the close relation between drive discharge and the problem of maintaining adequate controls. Although the principal symptom expresses a disturbance in drive discharge, incapacity of the ego to perform its necessary functions and significant pathology in self-representation are also impressive features. Personality characteristics frequently found in obese people are, first, that they often use food for self-soothing, substitutive gratification and as a replacement for disappointing objects; in this way they achieve a kind of independence and autonomy (not consistent with the stereotype of the orally dependent personality) ordinarily derived from the contribution of the later developmental stages (primarily, anal and phallic-oedipal). A second important characteristic, shared with those who have other impulse disorders, is that they do not readily seek treatment, and when they do, it is often one that promises


An inverse eigenvalue problem concerns the reconstruction of a structured matrix from prescribed spectral data. Such an inverse problem arises in many applications where parameters of a certain physical system are to be determined from the knowledge or expectation of its dynamical behaviour. Spectral information is entailed because the dynamical behaviour is often governed by the underlying natural frequencies and normal modes. Structural stipulation is designated because the physical system is often subject to some feasibility constraints. The spectral data involved may consist of complete or only partial information on eigenvalues or eigenvectors. The structure embodied by the matrices can take many forms. The objective of an inverse eigenvalue problem is to construct a matrix that maintains both the specific structure as well as the given spectral property. In this expository paper the emphasis is to provide an overview of the vast scope of this intriguing problem, treating some of its many applications, its mathematical properties, and a variety of numerical techniques.


elevations of the Katunsky Range of the Russian Altai Mountains (the upper reaches of the Akkem river as an example). The upper forest line is a strip between the upper line of closed forests and the upper line of the single trees. This line is the most important biogeographic boundary and an internationally recognized indicator of climate change. The following upper lines are defined on the slopes of the Akkem river valley: closed forest lines (2300 m a.s.l. on the eastern slope and 2200 m a.s.l. on the western slope); tree group lines (2330 and 2265 m a.s.l., respectively); single tree lines and seedling lines (2440 and 2290 m a.s.l., respectively). Closed forests are grass-reed-green mossy and grass-cowberry-green mossy Siberian stone pine ( Pinus sibirica ) and Siberian larch ( Larix sibirica )-Siberian pine forests with 2-3 generations., The age of pine and larch trees of the first generation is 270–400 years, of the second generations is up to 180 years on the eastern slope and the age of the trees of the first generation is 530–590 years, of the second generation is 250–440 years, and of the third generation is up to 140 years on the western slope. On the eastern slope of the Akkem river valley, Siberian stone pine is mainly formed the tree group lines and single tree lines and Siberian larch do on the western slope. The seedlings is absolutely dominated by stone pine, larch seedlings older than 18 years is rare and the younger seedlings are absent. All lines are very tortuous. The altitude of the lines is significantly (up to 80 m) reduced on the western slope as compared with the eastern one due to the active landslide processes. The reproductive line of the Siberian stone pine is 2370 m a.s.l.


A broadband Ross filter spectrometer is described for measuring soft X ray radiation (0.1~1 5keV) emitted from laser plasma. It consists of a number of channels, each representing a Ross filter pair in conjunction with Al cathode X ray diodes. An optimal channel has flat response within the sensitivity band, and minimal response outside it. The effect of some uncertainties on the accuracy of measurements is calculated.


The article describes the study of the dynamics of repeated disability according to disease classes with regard to people's age in the Russian Federation for the period 2005-2014. Contingent of the re-recognized disabled is formed mainly by the disabled due to the diseases classes of the circulatory system (474 900 31,9%), malignant neoplasms (246100 -16,5%), musculoskeletal system (161 800 -10,9%), mental disorders (147 400 9,9%), consequences of injuries, poisonings, etc. (79 900 5,4%), diseases of the nervous system (73 500 4,9%). Along with this, the dynamics shows reduction of the repeated disability due to main disease classes. A reduction in the level of disability among young and middle age, but the increase of this index among people of the retirement age.


Waretrema piscicola Srivastava, 1939 (Trematoda: Waretrematidae) was recorded from Scatophagus argus(Linnaeus) in the South China Sea.This finding represents a new geographical record. This specie was firstly described by Srivastava (1939) from Mugil waigiensisof Karachi, and then by Velasquez (1961) from Scatophagus argusof Philippines and by Machida (1996) from Crenimugil crenilabisof Japanese and adjacent waters. My specimens agree with their descriptions in general features, but differ from Srivastava′s specimens in having smaller bodies and structures, from Velasquez′s specimens in having uterine seminal receptacles instead of seminal receptacles, and from Machida′s specimens in the arrangements of the oral projections, in the shape of vitellaria, and in tegument spines instead of smooth.


This series of readers offers young people illustrated editions of well-loved tales. The language is carefully graded for individual reading, or for reading aloud. The "Beginners level" will be simpler than the "Elementary" titles, using present tense narrative and a minimal vocabulary load.


To get fatigue properties of the small and hard brittle components working at conditions of little amplitudes and high frequency forces,this paper presents a novel kind of resonance and high frequency fatigue testing machine driven by a piezoelectric vibrator(PZT、PLZT or PMN).First,the working principle of the piezoelectric resonance and high frequency fatigue testing machine was introduced,and the dynamic model of the machine was established and its systemic dynamic characteristics were obtained.Then,a prototype was designed and produced.Finally,the dynamic load on the specimen was measured by the prototype.The results indicate that the dynamic load on the specimen is 24.7-99.2 N by changing the AC voltage amplitude(100-250 V) and the thickness of the plate spring(1.1-0.6 mm).The prototype designed in this paper is suitable for the tensile and bending fatigue testing under conditions of little amplitudes and high frequency forces with the dynamic load mentioned above.


Laparoscopy-assisted surgery for rectal surgery has been shown to be both technically feasible and a safe alternative to laparotomy. It can be combined with preoperative chemoradiation and sphincter preserving operation for advanced low rectal cancer. We report a case of advanced lower rectal cancer, which was treated with laparoscopy-assisted total mesorectal excision and intersphincteric resection (abdomino-anal resection with coloanal anastomosis) following preoperative chemoradiation. In this patient, preoperative chemoradiation was very effective and no cancer cells remained in resected specimens.


In this paper, we optimized a heterojunction SOI-TFET with high-k dielectric overlap on SiGe-source region. Mole fraction (x) of the Si(x)Ge(1−x) has an important influence in the performance of the TFET. The optimized device has achieved 50.9mV/decades SS, which breaks the 60mV/decades SS barrier. It has realized 107 Ion/Ioff ratios and the OFF-state leakage current can be lowed to 10−14 A/µm level. The ON-state drain current can reach 10−6A/µm at VDS=0.3V and the device works well at VDS=0.2V. The proposed device is optimized using 2D Synopsys TCAD simulation.


Background: The American Heart Association's Workplace Health Achievement Index (WHAI) uses a data-driven, quality improvement approach to assist companies in evaluating the quality of their current workplace health policies and promote a culture of healthy living in the workplace. Objective: The objective of this study was to use the WHAI to: 1) describe changes in adoption of workplace health strategies and employee health over time, 2) assess longitudinal differences in performance between smaller (<250 employees) and larger companies (250+ employees), and 3) identify the most and least adopted strategies among smaller and larger companies. Methods: The WHAI score is derived from 55 structure and process (SP) measures across 7 best-practice domains and performance metrics based on employee Life's Simple 7 (LS7) data. The initial data collection period was Feb 1 – Mar 31, 2016 and the follow-up round of data collection occurred Apr 1 – Mar 31, 2017. Data were stratified according to smaller (n=26) vs. l...


Existing in ECC (Error Correction Code) using extra parity ECC block having a block format compatible method and apparatus for data encoding and decoding, which can improve the reliability of data reproduced, a recording medium, recording medium drive system, and relates to the extra parity ECC block generating method, the data encoding method includes the steps of generating N error-correction code blocks to the user data, at least one for the N error-correction code blocks and a step of generating an extra parity error correction code blocks, it is possible to improve the reliability of data reproduced by minimizing the error correction failure rate for data to be reproduced.


A linear algebraic group G over a field k is called a Cayley group if it admits a Cayley map, i.e., a G-equivariant birational isomorphism over k between the group variety G and its Lie algebra. A Cayley map can be thought of as a partial algebraic analogue of the exponential map. A prototypical example is the classical "Cayley transform" for the special orthogonal group SOn defined by Arthur Cayley in 1846. A linear algebraic group G is called stably Cayley if G×Gm is Cayley for some r ≥ 0. Here Gm denotes the split r-dimensional k-torus. These notions were introduced in 2006 by Lemire, Popov and Reichstein, who classified Cayley and stably Cayley simple groups over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. In this paper we study reductive Cayley groups over an arbitrary field k of characteristic zero. The condition of being Cayley is considerably more delicate in this setting. Our main results are a criterion for a reductive group G to be stably Cayley, formulated in terms of its character lattice, and a classification of stably Cayley simple (but not necessarily absolutely simple) groups.


Understanding the optical and electronic excitations in conjugated polymers, their delocalization, and dynamics is of paramount importance for improving the performance of optoelectronic devices. The structure of the conjugated polymer...


Focus on the risks of viral transmission via transfusion has pushed recognition of other transfusion risks to the background over the last several decades. With reduction in the risks of HCV and HIV to very low levels (well less than 1/million units), productive attention can now be directed toward other risks. Bacterial contamination of platelets represents the largest morbidity and mortality risk faced by a platelet recipient, and the risk of dieing due to a contaminated unit is at least 10- if not 100-times greater than the chance of HIV transmission. Approximately 1 in every 1–4,000 units of platelets can be shown to contain bacteria, and the frequency of fatality due to port-transfusion sepsis is 14/million units transfused. Bacterial contamination is often not recognized clinically, however, because of the situation of the patient. A variety of techniques to limit and detect bacterial contamination are available for implementation. Culturing is used most widely. Checking pH, glucose concentration or preservation of swirling are simple and inexpensive techniques but suffer from lack of sensitivity. The development of immunologic techniques that can be accomplished rapidly may shift the testing to immediately before issuance for transfusion, a time at which any contamination would be easier to detect because of growth during the storage period. Not only will detection techniques improve transfusion recipient safety, but they can lead to cost-savings through extension of the platelet storage period as has already been implemented in several European countries.


Tuberculous (TB) otitis media is rare and usually seen secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis or associated with it. TB is one of the major infectious diseases with predominant involvement of lung and lymph nodes which is common in Malaysia. Regarding the tubercular otitis media or tubercular mastoiditis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the principal causative agent, however, other atypical agents such as Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium fortiutum are also responsible. TB otitis media may present with other middle ear problems whereby clinicians also unfamiliar with its typical presentation. Diagnosis is difficult because it needs specific culture and pathologic studies. Early diagnosis and effective treatment may prevent ear damage as well as central nervous system complication. The objective of this study was to report a rare case of bilateral TB otitis media to alert physicians to the rare presentation of the disease as well as to discuss the diagnosis and management plan based on the literature review.


Most of the degradation of works of art in historic buildings is caused by unfavourable indoor climate conditions. The most important works of art receive invasive conservation treatment, called direct action, but this treatment is very expensive. To avoid invasive conservation treatments and ensure that works of art are protected for now and for the future, indirect action to mitigate the deterioration process is strongly advised. This holds that exposure to unfavourable indoor climate conditions should be avoided, as far as is compatible with its social use.
To improve the indoor climate of the historic building, adaptations to the building or its systems are often necessary. Building performance simulation may be used in predicting the effect of a retrofitting strategy on the indoor climate, and in designing the adaptations to the building. In a previous project (FWO G.0420.05), a coupled 3D-HAM-CFD-model has been developed which predicts the local temperature and relative humidity variations of the indoor air as well as the hygrothermal interaction with hygroscopic materials like sculpture, panel paintings, books,…. Although these results are useful to evaluate the risk of moisture related damage, evaluating the indoor climate of an entire building with CFD is very time-consuming because of the computational cost, certainly if a long time period has to be analysed. Furthermore, besides evaluating preservation conditions, also other criteria, like annual energy use and comfort criteria are of interest. In this case Building Energy Simulation (BES) methods are more appropriate as they are able to simulate the indoor climate dynamics of the whole building for a long time span relatively fast. This allows to simulate, analyse and compare multiple retrofitting strategies and define the most 'optimal' solution.
To assess the preservation conditions properly, it is necessary to take typical conditions in monumental historical buildings into account in the simulation study. In this work, the main focus is placed on the presence of moisture in heavy building walls and the occurrence of hygrothermal gradients (stratification) in the often very large interior volumes due to the limited control by (older) climate installation system. This PhD-dissertation, part of FWO-project G.0448.10, aims at developing a simulation strategy to estimate the predicted risk for works of art, taking into account these typical boundary conditions of an historical building. The emphasis lies on developing a fast calculating modelling approach intended for practical use.


A previously described model system for the treatment of harzardous chloroaniline-containing waste waters using immobilized bacterial cells in a bioreactor was enhanced in its degradation efficiency. This was achieved by the substitution of the calcium alginate heads by an inert polyurethane (PU)-carrier. The supply of chloroaniline-polluted waste waters with the PU-carrier (1.25% w/v) resulted in a distinct decrease of the pollutant concentrations in the solution due to the effects of adsorption. Nevertheless, the initially bound amounts of the chloroanilines were also degraded, which was proved by the chloride balance. In comparative batch-degradation experiments with the Pseudomonas acidovorans strain CA50 with and without the addition of the PU-carrier (1.25% v/w), respectively, the advantages of the PU-supplied treatment system were demonstrated; among others a marked shortening of the degradation periods was achieved. The advantage of the PU-carrier was also shown by using a bubble reactor. In this connection, it is particularly worth mentioning, that high degradation rates can be achieved for a long time even for strongly persistent pollutants.


This research attempts to demonstrate the importance and role of communication means and methods in non-governmental organizations in motivating the public with social solidarity through the researcher's dependence on the Iraqi public survey to know its activities, tendencies and desires through exposure to the activities of organizations and humanitarian and charitable institutions / as the results of the research showed: Social networking sites ranked The first with a percentage of (41.8%) and a number of recurrences amounted to (348), where it received attention and follow-up by volunteers and the public in general. Social solidarity and the convergence of direct interaction. The researcher recommends the concerned institutions and organizations to benefit from the results of the research.


Since the foundation of economics of welfare, the stardard of welfare is considered as important bassis to value macroeconomic policy. But the requirements administrative policy of Keynes had the greatest esteem for in our country at present neglects the embodiment to enhance welfare, though guarantees higher rate of increase of economy in short period, but is very unfavorable to the economic development of our country in long period.


Abstract : An attempt is made to determine to what extent the validity of the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations implies that a process is Markovian. Results are given directly in terms of functions of Markov processes (chains), and not in terms of the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations and their implication. (Author)


1. OPENING In his Notebooks, T ractatus and ''Lecture on Ethics'', Wittgenstein suggested a new approach to the problems of philosophical anthropology. His task was to locate man's place in the cosmos with scientific rigour. This project was something of an answer to Russell's explorations on this theme in his essay ''The Essence of Religion'' (Russell 1912), but accomplished on a higher level of exactness. Indeed, after Wittgenstein read Russell's paper, he criticised his teacher and friend in that the latter discussed in public themes which are too private, in a way that was far from being exact. In June 1916–January 1917, however, in his Notebooks, Wittgenstein developed an exact method of treating the same problems of philosophical anthropology which Russell discussed in 1912. In this essay I intend to show that what was new in Wittgenstein's treatment of the problems of philosophical anthropology was the formal method of topology. The problem of the meaning of life is relatively new in philosophy. The first who openly began to speak about it – in the 1880s – was Leo Tolstoy.1 That very fact already shows that this problem is not easy to identify. At the same time, in the last few decades we witnessed a dramatic increase of literature on the 'meaning of life'. This legitimates the question: did that literature really address the very problem which was initially raised? I claim that the authors who wrote on the meaning of life in the last century systematically evaded the kernel of the problem in question – what I shall call below the existential paradox. In other words, many investigations on the meaning of life were in fact not such investigations at all. To be more specific, under the rubric of the meaning of life, two usually quite different problems are discussed. Therefore, when we start to examine this theme, it is of utmost importance to set out what exact aspect of this theme we are going to discuss, and what remains without notice. 217


In the recent past, a new statistically efficient digital image watermarking scheme based on chaotic map was proposed. The authors of this watermarking scheme claimed under study that their scheme is efficient, secure, and highly robust against various attacks. However, the security analysis of the scheme unveils that it has serious inherent flaws. In this article, the shortcomings of the proposed watermarking scheme and cryptanalysis are presented to demonstrate that the scheme is not secure against the proposed attacks. Specifically, with the chosen host image and chosen watermarks, we can successfully recover the watermark from received watermarked image without having any knowledge of the secret key. The simulation analysis of the proposed cryptanalysis is provided to exemplify the proposed attack and lack of security of the anticipated watermarking scheme. In addition, an improved version is proposed to enhance the security performance of the watermarking scheme against possible attacks. The improved scheme tends to hold against attacks and statistical efficiency.


A new type of absorbance-based optical sensor is presented. It is based on a chemical transduction membrane that acts simultaneously as the sensing element and as the light guiding medium. This membrane is inserted between two micromachined waveguides in a silica on silicon structure. Light propagates longitudinally through the membrane, which changes its spectral properties accordingly while interacting with the analyte. As the path length corresponds to the membrane length, not its thickness, high sensitivity can be achieved without an increase of the response time. This paper summarizes the design, the construction, and the validation results obtained with integrated waveguide absorbance optode (IWAO) prototypes. The main advantages of the reported optode are its simple configuration, high sensitivity, and versatility. Experimental results obtained with this IWAO, using a potassium-selective bulk optode, are shown and compared to those obtained with a conventional absorbance device incorporating the sa...


PURPOSE: An anticancer composition containing Gastrodia elata fermentation liquid and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to remarkably enhance efficiency of Gastrodia elata and people health. CONSTITUTION: An anticancer composition is prepared by mixing pulverized Gastrodia elata and sugar in a weight of 1-1.5, a step of fermenting at 5°C-10°C for 1-2 years, and collecting Gastrodia elata fermentation liquid. The sugar is black sugar from sugar cane. The anticancer composition is used for preventing or treating lung cancer. The composition is a pharmaceutical composition used in the form of tablet, capsule, syrup, or injection or a food composition used in the form of beverage, tea, perfume, gum, snack, capsule, powder, or suspension.


In urban environments, standalone GNSS receiver architectures can be strongly affected to the point of not being able to provide a position accuracy suitable for use in vehicular applications. Specifically, the reception of GNSS signals is affected by the surrounding objects, such as high buildings, trees, lampposts and so on, which can block, shadow, reflect and diffract the received signal. As a result, two significant signal distortions are generated.
On one hand, the reception of reflected or diffracted GNSS LOS echoes in addition to the direct LOS signal generates the phenomenon known as multipath. Multipath echoes represent one of the most detrimental positioning error sources in urban canyons. In fact, the reception of echoes distorts the ideal correlation function and leads to a degradation of the signal code and carrier estimations accuracy up to a loss of lock of the code and carrier tracking loops. Consequently, the pseudo-range and Doppler measurements are degraded.
On the other hand, the total or partial obstruction of the GNSS LOS by the urban environment obstacles causes GNSS LOS blockage or GNSS LOS shadowing phenomena. The reception of Non-LOS (NLOS) signals introduces a bias on the pseudo-range measurements if only NLOS satellites are tracked. This bias can be very important as it is representative of the extra-path travelled by the NLOS signal compared to the theoretical LOS signal. The LOS shadowing can also decrease the LOS signal C/N0 and thus makes the signal more vulnerable to the multipath effect.
Finally, the resulting degraded measurements cause the navigation processor to compute an inaccurate position solution or even to be unable to compute one in the case of few available measurements. Therefore, advanced GNSS signal processing techniques must be implemented in order to improve the navigation solution performance in urban environments.
A promising approach for reducing the effect of multipath interference and NLOS reception is vector tracking (VT), first introduced in [1] where the signal tracking and navigation solution tasks are accomplished by the central navigation filter. In comparison to conventional or scalar tracking (ST), where each visible satellite channel is being tracked individually and independently, VT exploits the knowledge of the receiver's position and velocity that can be further used to aid the receiver's tracking performance. In [1], the navigation filter replaces the delay lock loops (DLLs) with an Extended Kalman filter (EKF), responsible for computing the navigation solution that drives the Numerical Control Oscillator (NCOs) of each tracking channel.
Vector DLL (VDLL) tracking performance of the GPS L1 signal in weak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment and robustness against signal interference and attenuation has been demonstrated in [2], [3] and [4].
The objective of this paper is to assess the performance of the Vector Delay Frequency Lock Loop (VDFLL) architecture in multipath and NLOS reception in a dense urban environment. The most evident advantages introduced by this method are robustness to momentary and individual satellite signal blockages, channel coupling and accumulative signal power facilitating the tracking of low C/N0 channels and an increased tracking performance in weak-signal or interference/jamming-affected environments.
In this paper, a dual constellation GPS + Galileo single frequency L1/E1 VDFLL architecture is presented since this type of receiver can signi?cantly improve the availability of a navigation solution in urban canyons and heavily shadowed areas: an increased satellite in-view availability is directly translated in a higher measurement redundancy and improved position reliability.
In the implementation proposed in this paper, the DLL and FLL discriminator outputs for both the L1 and E1 tracking channels will be accommodated in the measurement vector of the EKF navigation filter. The chosen EKF navigation filter system model is a (8x1) position and velocity state vector, containing the six position/velocity terms in ECEF coordinates and the receiver clock bias and drift terms. The code delay and Doppler frequency estimations, computed from the EKF navigation solution, will drive in the feedback loop of the code and carrier NCO updates for each GPS BPSK and Galileo BOC tracking channels.

The innovation of this work consists in the design of a dual constellation US GPS + European Galileo single frequency band L1/E1 GNSS receiver, with an emphasis on the detailed mathematical formulation of EKF filter state and measurement model. In specific, great effort will be given to the description of the filter measurement innovation vector and the passage from the error to the absolute state configuration. The main objective of this paper is to perform a detailed comparison of the performance assessment between the conventional tracking, GPS-only- and dual GPS/Galileo VDFLL architectures in two different levels:
- System level: expressed in terms of user's position and velocity estimation accuracies, position and velocity errors bounding and resistance to degraded signal reception conditions;
- Channel level: indicated by the code delay and carrier Doppler frequency accuracies.

A realistic car trajectory in dynamic condition in urban scenario will be used. Moreover, several signal outages and significant power drops are simulated in different satellite channels in order to observe the tracking sensitivity of the proposed VDFLL architecture. 3D positioning root mean square error (RMSE) have been computed for the conventional tracking, GPS L1 VDFLL, and GPS/Galileo VDFLL architectures. Contrary to the conventional tracking, the L1/E1 VDFLL loop is able to recover the frequency and code-delay estimation at the end of the simulated outages.


Seven species of freshwater pearl mussels collected from three different basins in Thailand were mantle-transplanted and returned to culture in their natural habitats. The microscopic structure of the forming pearl sacs on days 7, 15, 30, and 60 was described. The outer mantle epithelium became a continuous sheet of complete pearl sac, having a small amount of material at day 7. An increasing amount of secreted materials was seen on day 15 and had developed into layers of dense materials by day 30, when the pearl sac epithelium changed from a columnar to squamous epithelium. At day 60, calcium was first seen at the central part of the pearl and later in peripheral parts. Pearls inside the sac were variable in shape. Occasionally, several sacs formed from a single mantle-transplanted piece. Four species of pearl mussel giving superior pearl characters and containing calcium deposits by day 60 were Hyriopsis (Limnoscapha) myersiana, Chamberlainia hainesiana, H. (L.) desowitzi and Pseudodon sp.


This work investigates the contradictory character assumed by the convergence of the various projects for the reconstruction of society after the Russian Revolution of 1917. It will be argued that the consensus between the Bolshevik Party and the worker's movement, regarding the strengthening of a centralized state instance capable of developing a global planning, developed in conflictive interaction with their programmatic counterpart of assimilation of the so-called scientific organization of labor.


This article is based on ideas developed from meetings hold by researchers linked to PROARQ-FAU/ UFRJ, Department of Geography at PUC-Rio and Master of Urban Design, PUC Campinas, integrated to the Center for Science, Technology and Environment - CEATEC. Through the research made by these institutions we present in this text, after an intense dialogue, the method built up from the theoretical arguments that led the group seek the integration of the studies developed in different fields and subfields of knowledge. An interinstitutional research, has been undertaken from 2011 until 2013, with support of the agencies of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro provinces. The ideas discussed here are focused on urban and peri-urban areas and their social and environmental dimensions related to: climate variables in consolidated urban areas; evaluation of the vegetation quality in forests adjacent to urban areas; evaluation of urban interventions in areas of high vulnerability; public investment allocation in housing and infrastructure projects; urban water dynamics and its relation to land use and occupation and to urban legislation. The article discusses the theoretical and methodological issues relevant to propose comparative studies for the realization of future scenarios in order to adapt the urban and peri-urban climate changes in progress. The exchange among the researchers has allowed a first progress resulting in the construction of the method presented. The aim of this paper is to expand the debate concerning the theoretical and methodological issues involved.