Air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was employed to treat the sanded polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) surface. The plasma-treated PPS samples were bonded with epoxy adhesive, and the adhesion strength was measured by the single lap-joint specimen test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to investigate the effect of the plasma treatment on the PPS surface property. A slight etching trace was detected after the plasma treatment according to the SEM images. XPS and water contact angle analysis indicated that the plasma treatment introduced sulfide oxides (S=O and O=S=O) onto the PPS surface leading to a higher surface energy. A steady improvement of bonding shear strength was achieved with the increase of plasma treatment time or discharge power density, which was consistent with the failure mode study. According to the above analysis, the air DBD plasma treatment could effectively improve the adhesion property of PPS.


This paper presents a novel topology circuit to reduce the commutation torque ripple for brush1ess de motor(BLDCM). The topology circuit is composed of a unique capacitor, a switch circuit, a diode and a resistor. In the normal conduction period, the capacitor is charged, once the commutation occurs, the capacitor voltage is immediately added on the power supply by the switch circuit to regulate the dc-link voltage. Then the unique capacitor charged voltage is analyzed to keep the un-commutated phase current steady during the commutation period. The same two-phase modulation strategy is utilized in the both normal conduction period and commutation period, which simplifies the design of the modular. Compared with the boost strategy with DC/DC converters, the dc-link voltage is stepped up via a charged capacitor, and the boost function of the dc-link voltage is simply implemented. Without extra inductors, the voltage stress of the power switches is reduced to a larger extent. Finally, the effectiveness of the new topology circuit and control method is verified through simulation.


: Background: Coronavirus is a disease that affects the respiratory system and is becoming global health problem that is originally detected in KSA with a progressive increase in cases and deaths. Objective: to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) amongst male primary school students in Almajmaah City, Saudi Arabia, 2017. Methods: It is an observational cross-sectional study, in which 384 participants representing students from different schools were included in the study. The data was collected using interview questionnaires drawn by the researchers. The data then were analyzed by the use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The average of the knowledge of the students is 37.5% and this result indicates a poor knowledge. Concerning attitude, the sum percentage of the correct answers was 52.04%, which indicates that the attitude of the male primary students in Almajmaah city is almost in the minimum acceptable range. Conclusion: The study showed that there were a knowledge gap, a negative attitude and a poor practice amongst primary school students in Almajmaah towards MERS-CoV infection.


BACKGROUND
 The coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic is an unprecedented emergency that has affected all global industries, including education,As a global public health emergency, COVID-19 can lead to psychological crises such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression.

 OBJECTIVE
 To understand the mental health level of university students during online learning under the epidemic situation of COVID-19 and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide a scientific basis for mental health education of university students.

 METHODS
 From June to July 2020,one medical university and one non-medical university in southern Anhui were selected by cluster sampling, and 3781 medical and non-medical university students were investigated with DASS-21.

 RESULTS
 The detection rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress emotions of literature majors (30.03%,31.05%,14.50%) were lower than those of non-literature majors (44.49%,46.22%,24.81%).The differences were statistically significant (χ2 values were 81.49 and 88.26,63.08,P<0.05, respectively).During the online study,the depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms of the students in 4 universitys and universities were mainly moderate (18.43%, 20.68%),and the stress was mainly mild (9.41%) and moderate (5.29%).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that non-medical students, poor relationship with parents, poor relationship with father, inadequate preparation of teachers before class and dissatisfaction with online teaching were prone to depressive symptoms (OR=1.84,1.28,1.63 and1.75 respectively) and anxiety (OR=1.79,1.22,1.65 and 1.77, respectively) and anxiety symptoms (OR=1.79,1.22,1.65,1.77, respectively) and anxiety (OR=1.79,1.22,1.65,1.77,1.19, respectively). ) and negative stress emotion (OR=2.09,1.41,1.58,1.29,1.48, respectively).Girls are less likely to have depressive symptoms (OR=0.82) and anxiety symptoms (OR=0.74) than boys.University students who live in rural areas are more likely to have anxiety symptoms (OR=1.27).The senior students were more likely to feel the existence of pressure (P < 0.05).

 CONCLUSIONS
 The detection rates of depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms and negative stress emotion are higher in university students during online learning. Families and schools should pay timely attention to the mental health of university students during online learning and provide targeted psychological counseling for students with different characteristics.


Research in the life sciences is an inherently wasteful endeavor. Could we all do better to reduce waste by our laboratories?


In previous studies, we described the presence of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2) and its receptors (FGFRs) in human testis and sperm, which are involved in spermatogenesis and in motility regulation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of FGF‐2 in the maintenance of sperm physiology using FGF‐2 knockout (KO) mice. Our results showed that in wild‐type (WT) animals, FGF‐2 is expressed in germ cells of the seminiferous epithelium, in epithelial cells of the epididymis, and in the flagellum and acrosomal region of epididymal sperm. In the FGF‐2 KO mice, we found alterations in spermatogenesis kinetics, higher numbers of spermatids per testis, and enhanced daily sperm production compared with the WT males. No difference in the percentage of sperm motility was detected, but a significant increase in sperm concentration and in sperm head abnormalities was observed in FGF‐2 KO animals. Sperm from KO mice depicted reduced phosphorylation on tyrosine residues (a phenomenon that was associated with sperm capacitation) and increased acrosomal loss after incubation under capacitating conditions. However, the FGF‐2 KO males displayed no apparent fertility defects, since their mating with WT females showed no differences in the time to delivery, litter size, and pup weight in comparison with WT males. Overall, our findings suggest that FGF‐2 exerts a role in mammalian spermatogenesis and that the lack of FGF‐2 leads to dysregulated sperm production and altered sperm morphology and function. FGF‐2‐deficient mice constitute a model for the study of the complex mechanisms underlying mammalian spermatogenesis.


High-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of humans and animals in vivo is routine and non-invasive. Identifying and quantifying chemical composition of tissue from acquired images is a challenge. MR spectroscopy (MRS) may be used to identify chemical components accurately over a finite volume in the tissue. However, the temporal and spatial resolutions are limited. Multi-spectral MRI exploits the multiple modes of MR such as T1, T2 and proton density maps and classifies voxels into different tissue types, but the chemical identity of the tissue remains unknown. Many fat suppression methods were developed because the unwanted fat signal often compromises image interpretability in clinical MRI, but these techniques are sensitive to MR field inhomogeneity. Multi-point Dixon methods separate MR images into water and fat images and are less sensitive to field inhomogeneity [1] and IDEAL-MRI (iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation) improved upon the Dixon methods by avoiding the problem of phase unwrapping [2]. However, special care has to be taken when estimating the field map to avoid erroneous solutions to the least-squares estimation problem which lead to artifacts such as swapping of water and fat. The use of region growing schemes (with a reliable seed) mitigates this problem as demonstrated in previous studies [3][4]. However, the seed is not always reliable and growing schemes can be sensitive to phase discontinuities. Moreover, although the technology was successfully demonstrated on many clinical scanners, only limited applications were found in preclinical scanners with high MR field where the field inhomogeneity can be far worse [5]. We developed a robust and accurate algorithm to compute water and fat content on an 11.7T small animal scanner by improving upon existing phase estimation methods through multiple starting pixels and consensus-based region growing. The method, after further validation, has the potential of providing a translatable assay to study disease progression and regression related to fat and water contents in various animal models, such as studying atherosclerotic plaque composition.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The multiplicity distribution of charged secondary particles and correlation between sho- wer particles and heavy particles of alpha-particle interaction with nuclear emulsion at 12 A Gev are discussed. The results indicate the mean multiplicity of heavy particle increase with shower particle numbers.


There are some usual problems in mapping the southern coastal topographic map of 1∶2000 scale,such as image quality reduction because of the heavy fog,the difficulty of control points and pass points selection,and the heavy workload for the intensive streets.In this paper,the techniques in the key steps of aerial photograph,control surveying,aerial photo triangulation,and DEM,DOM,DLG production were analyzed systematically,and then a technological route suited for the experimental areas were proposed by taking Zhongshan as an example.It was shown by the experimental results that the proposed route could solve the problems in production with high precision.The research result would provide a reference for other coastal areas.


Buffered clock-tree design, with cells at its leaves, are known to meet timing and skew requirements better. Clustering of flip-flops leads to reduced clock-tree wirelengths and power-efficient layouts. In this paper, the problem of clustering flip-flops in a given placement is formulated as Multi-way Equi-Partitioning of a given point set, such that (i) total area of the partition (ii) area of the largest partition and (Hi) total deviation of the partitions, are minimal. For this computationally expensive multiobjective optimization problem, also relevant to design of semi-synchronous systems, a technique based on genetic algorithm, is proposed. Crossover and mutation operators specific to the k-way equipartitioning problem, have been designed and a new greedy heuristic operator is employed to accelerate the convergence. Results on data sets obtained from layouts of ISCAS89 benchmark circuit demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Available online at: http://npt.tums.ac.ir "...Sit down. Look at the TV. Move slowly. Wait for death." Background & Aim: Systemic sclerosis or scleroderma is a rare chronic connective tissue disease included among autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The disease affects many organs and the organ system. It also has multiple effects on the patient's individual life. In care management, in addition to the physical effects of the disease, its emotional, psychological, and social influences must also be considered and managed. The present study aimed to touch the psychosocial aspect of scleroderma and the unseen effects of the disease are presented over a case study. Case Report: 52-year-old, female patient, married with two children. Her self-evaluation after the diagnosis of the disease, she explained that her physical state, social relationships, economic condition, domestic relations, and mood were affected by the disease negatively. Conclusion: In managing psychosocial problems in nursing care, it is necessary to consider that each patient has different needs, perspectives on life, future expectations, and coping mechanisms. The present study reveals the unknown face scleroderma, its psychosocial effects, from a patient's point of view.


Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuroendocrine mediator in immune tissues that affects many T cell functions through two homologous high‐affinity G‐protein‐coupled receptors, termed VIPR1 and VIPR2. Antigen‐stimulated secretion of γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ) by sperm whale myoglobin‐specific Th1 cells of DBA/2 mouse I‐Ed‐restricted clones, which express VIPR1 and VIPR2, was enhanced by 10−10 M to 10−7 M VIP. Enhancement of IFN‐γ secretion reached a mean maximum of fourfold for VIP and threefold for a VIPR2‐selective agonist, without any effect of a VIPR1‐selective agonist. Secretion of IFN‐γ by PMA and ionomycin‐stimulated clones of Th1 cells was not altered by VIP. Antigen‐stimulated secretion of IFN‐γ by T cell receptor‐transgenic, influenza hemagglutinin‐specific, and cytokine‐differentiated mouse lymph node Th1 cells, which also express VIPR1 and VIPR2, was enhanced by 10−10 M to 10−8 M VIP. Enhancement of IFN‐γ secretion increased to a maximum of 14‐fold for VIP, 14‐fold for the VIPR2‐selective agonist, and 20‐fold for the VIPR1‐selective agonist. In contrast to VIP suppression of interleukin production and lack of effect on IFN‐γ production by T cells stimulated with anti‐CD3 antibody or a mitogenic lectin, generation of IFN‐γ by antigen‐stimulated T cells is enhanced significantly by physiological concentrations of VIP.—Jabrane‐Ferrat, N., Bloom, D., Wu, A., Li, L., Lo, D., Sreedharan, S. P., Turck, C. W., Goetzl, E. J. Enhancement by vasoactive intestinal peptide of γ‐interferon production by antigen‐stimulated type 1 helper T cells. FASEB J. 13, 347–353 (1999)


The plants of the genus Lagochilus are widely used as an effective hemostatic in clinic.The plant Lagochilus ilicifolius is one species of the genus Lagochilus.However,there is no report for the chemical components of this plant.We performed GC-MS analysis of the nonpolar constituents of the aerial parts of Lagochilus ilicifolius.Totally 52 compounds were identified and their corresponding relative contents were evaluated by area normalization method.The content of all identified compounds is 92.61%,of them,most are aliphatic acid esters,aliphatic hydrocarbons,monoterpenoids,sesquiterpenoids,steroids,and aromatic compounds.


We apply the needlet formalism to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 5-year data, looking for evidence of non-Gaussianity in the bispectrum of the needlet amplitudes. We confirm earlier findings of an asymmetry in the non-Gaussianity between the Northern and Southern Galactic hemispheres. We attempt to isolate which scales and geometrical configurations are most anomalous and find that the bispectrum is most significant on large scales and in the more co-linear configurations and also in the 'squeezed' configurations. However, these anomalies do not appear to affect the estimate of the non-linear parameter fNL, and we see no significant difference between its values measured in the two hemispheres.


: In this study antibacterial activities of seven different brands of soaps like Hamam, Dettol, Lifebuoy, Cinthol, Margo, Himalaya and Jhonsons were checked. Different bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella which plays their role in several skin infections are treated with the respective soaps. This was done by Agar Diffusion Method where the stock solution of 50µl were loaded into the wells of the agar plates and were labelled. All the soaps showed their certain antibacterial activity against the specific strains. The best soaps were identified by their zone of inhibition. The organisms like Pseudomonas were found to be resistant against the soap sample whereas E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus are sensitive. From this, Jhonsons soap was identified as the most effective than any other selected samples and it was followed by Himalaya which has little differences when compared with the first one.


The $p$-Stanley sequence of a set $A$ is generated by greedily adding subsequent integers that do not create a $p$-term arithmetic progression. For $p>3$ prime, we prove a result analogous to one of Odlyzko and Stanley on 3-Stanley sequences. We find a class of integers $n$ such that the $p$-Stanley sequence generated from $\{0,n\}$ is modular, a subclass of Stanley sequences which grow as $n^{\log_{(p-1)}p}$. Numerical evidence suggests that these are the only $n$ with this property.


Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cytokine expressed at barrier surfaces of the skin, gut, nose, lung, and the maternal/fetal interphase. At these sites, it is important for the generation and maintenance of non‐inflammatory, tissue‐resident dendritic cell responses. We show here that TSLP is also expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) where it is produced by choroid plexus epithelial cells and astrocytes in the spinal cord. Under conditions of low‐grade myelin degeneration, the numbers of TSLP‐expressing astrocytes increase, and microglia express transcripts for the functional TSLP receptor dimer indicating that these cells are targets for TSLP in the myelin‐degenerative CNS. GLIA 2014;62:1066–1074


Abstract— Prolonged (6 hr) anaesthesia with phenobarbital in mice or rats results in a doubling or tripling of brain glycogen. Increases were also observed if high levels of plasma glucose were maintained for 6 hr. In alloxan diabetes brain glycogen was not elevated in spite of the high plasma glucose concentrations. However, administration of insulin to such diabetic animals, together with enough glucose to maintain high plasma levels, resulted in at least a doubling of brain glycogen in 6 hr. Phenobarbital can still increase brain glycogen in diabetic animals.


Background: One of the programs launched by the Department of Health (DOH) was the High Impact Five (HI-5) Program to intensify the implementation of the five major health programs namely infant care, childcare, maternal care, service delivery networks and HIV/ AIDS. Hence, it is important to assess the HI-5 program beneficiaries' awareness, utilization and satisfaction as well as the program's extent of implementation. Aim: The study aimed to determine the level of awareness, utilization, implementation, and satisfaction on the HI-5 Program in Eastern Visayas and to determine the relationship between variables. Methods: The study used descriptive correlation research design and survey questionnaires.Key informant interview and records review were used during the data collection process. Results: The study revealed that majority of the respondents were aware of the different HI-5 Program components with high to moderate utilization and satisfaction level on infant care, childcare, maternal care and service delivery networks components. However, the level of awareness, utilization and satisfaction levels were relatively low on the HIV/AIDS component. Likewise, there is a significant relationship found between the respondents' level of awareness and utilization of the HI-5 program. Conclusion: The results of the study highlight the need to conduct further information dissemination campaign to increase the level of awareness, utilization, satisfaction and improve the extent of implementation on the HI- 5 Program among beneficiaries especially on the HIV / AIDS Component.


The study reported in this article investigated the reactions of 178 professors to two 400-word compositions, one written by a Chinese student and the other by a Korean student. The professors, 96 of whom were in the humanities/social sciences and 82 of whom were in the physical sciences, were each asked to rate one of the two compositions on six 10-point scales, three of which focused on content (holistic impression, development, and sophistication) and three of which focused on language (comprehensibility, acceptability, and irritation). The results were as follows: (a) Content received lower ratings than language; (b) professors found the errors highly comprehensible, generally unirritating, but academically unacceptable, with lexical errors rated as the most serious;(c) professors in the humanities/social sciences were more lenient in their judgments than professors in the physical sciences; (d) older professors were less irritated by errors than younger professors, and nonnative-speaking professors were more severe in their judgments than native speakers. The results suggest the need for greater emphasis on vocabulary improvement and lexical selection.


Background: Behcet's disease (BD) is a vasculitic multisystem inflammatory disorder. It may also involve the skin, mucosa, eyes, blood vessels, joints, gastrointestinal system, and central nervous system (CNS). Objectives: In this study, we aimed to present CNS involvement data in patients followed up with a diagnosis of BD. Methods: The clinical, demographic, laboratory and medication data of 394 patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of BD in our rheumatology outpatient clinic between 2000 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Results: CNS involvement was detected in %5.6(24) patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of BD. 66.7% of the patients were male, and their mean diagnosis age was 25.1±8.2 years, mean CNS involvement age was 28.39±9.6 years. Neurological symptoms occurred in an average of 3.3 years after the diagnosis of BD. Parenchymal involvement was present in 54.2% of the patients with CNS involvement, 45.8 % had cerebral venous thrombosis. Oral apthous ulcer was found in 91.7 % of the patients, genital ulcer in 70.8%, pathergy positivity in %45.8 papulopustular lesion in %37.5, erythema nodosum in %45.8. Patients with CNS involvement had headache, vision loss, diplopia, hemiparesis, epilepsy, proptosis, and ataxic gait and walking difficulty in 66.6%, 12.5%, 25%, 12.5%, 8.3%, 8.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Patients with and without CNS involvement were compared in terms of clinical findings and medications. A significant difference was observed in terms of cardiac involvement (Table 1). While one of the 2 patients with cardiac involvement had a thrombus in the right ventricle, the other had pericardial effusion. The patient with cardiac thrombus also had cerebral venous thrombus. Steroid, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide treatments have been used at a higher in patients with CNS involvement. In addition, the patients with parenchymal and cerebral venous involvement were compared in terms of clinical, demographics findings and medications. The presence of papulopustular lesions (9.1% vs 57.1%) and pathergy positivity (18.2% vs 71.4%) were higher in patients with parenchymal involvement (p:0.033, p: 0.020, respectively). Conclusion: It has been reported that neurological symptoms occur in an average of 2.5 to 6.5 years after the diagnosis of BD. On the other hand, it has been stated that neurological complications may be the first involvement in 3-33% of the cases and this situation will cause diagnostic difficulties1. These data are consistent with our study. References: [1]Noel N, Drier A, Wechsler B, ve ark. Neurological manifestations of Behcet's disease. Rev Med Interne 2014;35(2):112–120. Disclosure of Interests: None declared


BACKGROUND
 While obesity and weight mismatch are of the commonest health challenges worldwide, the advancement of mobile technology and its entry into the field of health have proven to have a significant role in weight control and self-care in nutritional behavior.

 OBJECTIVE
 the purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate the effect of using an integrated communication application on the nutritional behavior of users and their self-care.

 METHODS
 Fit-mail Application for Nutritional Self-care (FANS) was developed according to the application development methodology including design, implementation, and evaluation phases. The FANS was provided to 50 students of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences who voluntarily participated in the study. Nutritional behavior was examined using the FANS during two stages before and after a 60-day period. The usability and nutrition activity were assessed in the students who completed the intervention of a mobile app on the nutritional behavior study.

 RESULTS
 The results showed statistically significant differences between the two questionnaires before using FANS with mean = 61.7292 and after that mean = 92.1042 (p-value <0.001). The results showed that the frequency of having a goal to increase physical activity has changed before and after using the FANS. Moreover, the results showed that using self-care application in nutritional behavior to check calorie intake with 40% was the most and getting information on nutrition with 18% the least important goal of the users.

 CONCLUSIONS
 According to the results, development of a native mobile-based application can play an effective role in changing health activities. Moreover, it increases people's adherence to diet and, consequently, self-care.


The automation of activities in all areas, including business, engineering, s cience, and government, produces an ever-increasing stream of data. Especially, the amount of multimedia content produced and made available on the Internet, both in professional and personal co llections is growing rapidly. Equally increasing are the needs in terms of efficient and effective ways to manage it. And why is that so? Because, people believe that data collected contains valuable informatio n. But, extracting any such information/patterns is however an extremely difficult task. This has led to a gr eat amount of research into content based retrieval and visual recognition. The most recent retrieval systems available extract low-level image featur es and conceptualize them into clusters. A conventional sequential scan on those image features wou ld approximately take about a few hours to search in a set of hundreds of images. Hence, clustering a nd indexing forms the very crux of the solution. The state of the art uses the 128-dimensional SIFT as low lev el d scriptors. Indexing even a moderate collection involves several millions of such vectors. The se arch performance depends on the quality of indexing and there is often a need to interactively tune the pro c ss for better accuracy. In this thesis, we propose a visualization-based framework and a tool whic h adheres to the it to tune the indexing process for images and videos. We use a feature selection appr oach to improve the clustering of SIFT vectors. Users can visualize the quality of clusters and interactiv ely control the importance of individual or groups of feature dimensions easily. The results of the pro cess can be visualized quickly and the process can be repeated. The user can use a filter or a wrappe r model in our tool. We use input sampling, GPU-based processing, and visual tools to analyze correlation s to provide interactivity. We present results of tuning the indexing for a few standard datasets. A few tuning iterations resulted in an improvement of over 5% in the final classification performance, which is sign ifica t.


There is more advancement in VLSI technology for designing combinational and sequential circuits. Among various techniques we have chosen a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) and Verilog coding technique to design the combinational circuits such as full adder and ripple carry adder. Full adder is the basic combinational circuit which performs arithmetic operations. Multiple full adder circuits can be cascaded to add an N-bit number i.e. Ripple carry adder. This paper proposes a simple and an efficient modular multiplication using a Carry Skip Adder. The proposed algorithm improves the efficiency of the multiplication. We made power analysis comparisons by using several types of adders and found that Carry skip adder consumes less power than other adders. The simulation result shows that the proposed combinational circuits have better performance and it maintains low complexity of the design.


NOC technology is a solution to cover the communication challenges of complex systems. The important note in the matter of application mapping for those of NoCs who are based on mesh architecture is their NP-hard problem. Also some methods have been proposed trying to overcome the mentioned problem. A low complexity mapping algorithm cannot present the optimal mapping for all applications. Then, adding an optimization phase to mapping algorithms can have an impact on their performance. This study presents an optimization phase based on Cellular Learning Automata to achieve this goal. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, we compare mapping algorithm of Nmap, CastNet, and Onyx before and after optimization. Mathematical analysis and simulation of mapping algorithms for five real applications shows that using the proposed algorithm optimizes efficiency in mapping algorithms.


The invention relates to a system for cold roll forming of profiles with varying cross-section, with several arranged in a row roll stands, which each include a pair of rollers between which a metal strip (2) of the length (X) is pushed, wherein the roller stands during the cold roll forming be moved in translation transversely to the length of the strip and rotationally about an axis of the roll stand. According to the invention, behind at least one of the roll stands a reforming means (8, 10, 12) is arranged, which has at least one drive for generating a movement of the reforming means in a plane transverse to the length (X) of the strip. On the basis of data, which are calculated from data on the material and thickness of the strip, the configuration and control data of the roll stands and the CAD data of the to be molded profiles, the actuator is controlled such that the reforming means shape deviations of leaving the at least one roll stand sheet metal strip makes automatically reversed during operation of the system.


The effect of a non-magnetic Zn impurity on superconductivity in the LaFe1−yZnyAsO1−xFx system is studied systematically. In the presence of a Zn impurity, the superconducting (SC) transition temperature increases in the under-doped regime, remains unchanged in the optimally doped regime and is severely suppressed in the over-doped regime. Our results suggest a switch in the symmetry of the SC order parameters from an s-wave to s±- or d-wave states as the charge carrier doping increases in FeAs-based superconductors.


written here as LAGPS[O, A], the resulting estimated predictive probability mass functions being shown in Scollnik's Figure 3. The first set of priors was gamma[2, 0.25] for 0, where the gamma[oa, d] distribution has density O3xK-c. exp(-3x)/F(o), and uniform[O, 1] for A. The second set had the same gamma distribution for 0, and for A it had the probability density {exp(0.5[1-(1-A)-2])}/(1A)3, corresponding to a negative exponential distribution with rate 0.5 for the (index of dispersion 1). The mass functions are remarkably similar, raising the question as to how different the results for standard maximum likelihood (ML) would be. (Janardan, Kerster, and Schaeffer [1979] fitted these data using moments, obtaining an excellent fit.) The social behavior of the isopods would plausibly lead to a deficiency in the single-bug class and a corresponding inflation of the other classes. Perhaps the simplest model for this is obtained by taking a basic Poisson[A] distribution, applying a factor of w to the unit class, and scaling all others by the corresponding factor to produce a probability distribution (abbreviated as PS1[w, A]). (Cole [1946] had proposed some rather more complicated ad hoc models.) These two models, LAGPS and PSI, when fitted by ML (all the non-Bayesian fits described below use ML) to the quoted data give results shown in the third and fourth columns of Table 1. The fit for LAGPS[0, A] is obviously very good, with a chi-squared value of 13.4 with 13 d.f. (grouping to at least unity from the smallest class upwards, if necessary repeatedly) and a P-value of 0.41. (A negative binomial fit is very similar.) The PS1[w, A] fit is equally obviously very bad (chi-squared of 386 with 7 d.f.), so that this simplest model is not acceptable; moreover, the estimate of w, the factor by which the unit class is supposed to be reduced is 2.5, with a standard error of 0.6, which is not at all consistent with the model in context. The alternative, very similar model for which all the transferred probability from the unit class is placed in the zero class fits almost as badly. For LAGPS, comparisons of the ML estimates with the two sets of Bayesian procedure estimates are shown in Table 2 (extracted from Scollnik's Figure 3), using the headings of Mean and SD for


Tin–oxide (SnO2) thin films were prepared by a modified spray technique called electrostatic spray pyrolysis. Their electrical and optical properties dependence on fluorine concentration, substrate temperature Ts, and the substrate–nozzle distance Dsn was studied. Dsn and Ts seem to be interrelated for the optimization of good quality fluorine-doped SnO2 films. Films of about 9×10−4 Ω cm resistivity and high visible 85% transparency were obtained for a substrate temperature of 550 °C, a 6 cm substrate nozzle distance, and 80% of hydrofluorhydric acid HF in the starting solution. These data are discussed in light of the kinetics reaction.


The paper concentrates on tax aspects of merger with a special attention to cross-border ones. Despite the fact that Directive, which set the conditions for mergers, business investment and exchange rate of shares, was issued 24 years ago, unified treatment of tax aspects hasn´t been reached yet. This paper is based on research of tax rules transposed from Tax Merger Directive, 83 into law systems of EU member states. This Directive was used for tax treatment of domestic mergers as for cross-border ones. Although the Directive has been transposed, there are differences in tax treatment among member states. The paper shows inability of solving the problem by Directive as coordination of the tax and legal regime of several jurisdictions are usually not adapted to each other and examples when the European Court of Justice is asked for treatment. Different approaches to discussed issues are presented in the paper.


Most real-time embedded control software feature complex interactions with asynchronous inputs and environment objects, and a meaningful simulation of a real-time control software specification requires realistic simulation of its environment. Two problems that need to be addressed in the simulation of a target software system and its environment: First, integration and simulation of the specifications of a target software system and its artificial environment are often performed too late in the lifecycle to provide any significant value. Second, real world objects in the environment usually have spatial characteristics (form) such as shape, motion, etc. that must be specified for simulation, and there is no method to express these spatial characteristics at various levels of abstraction that are adequate for the required simulation fidelity.To address these problems, we have developed a method that supports incremental specification and simulation of both the target software system and its environmental objects. The method includes: (1) a specification method for behavior, function, and form integrated objects; (2) form specification primitives that abstract common spatial characteristics of real world objects, their typical spatial relations, and spatial interactions; and (3) a methodology that refines, verifies, and validates behavior, function, and form specification of both the real-time embedded control software and its environment in a systematic and incremental manner. The proposed specification, verification, and validation method has been applied to a robot control system example to demonstrate its effectiveness and usefulness.


The article is devoted to the national specifics of Japanese shop-windows in an urban environment. In this regard, shop-windows are viewed from the point of view of the interaction of internal and external space, and not just as decor. The purpose of the article is to analyze how the traditional Japanese understanding of space was transformed under the influence of the Western lifestyle and the role of facades and shop-windows began to change. At the same time, it is important to understand that the Japanese designers managed to preserve the Japanese designers in shop-windows design after Westernization. First, according to F. Maki, the traditional Japanese concept of space "oku" ("oku - omote") is considered. Then, its transformation is investigated using the example of the so-called "sign houses" (kamban-kentiku). Then, in search of the national specifics of modern shop windows, the article studies modern shop-windows, and also analyzes the category of modern Japanese aesthetics "intermediate" "ma".
The study concluded that the traditional Japanese understanding of space as a reversible void, when the most important thing is located in the depths of the "oku", faced with the western way of life, is transformed into the model "Japanese oku (depth) - western omote (front side) ". Thus, there are "signage houses" of the kamban-kenchiku, the facade of which is "western", and the rest with its "oku" is Japanese. In the further transformation, initially "western" shop-windows are also beginning to acquire Japanese characteristics. The most important role in this process is played by the modern category of Japanese aesthetics "ma", although it is closely related to tradition. It can be understood both as a generating void and as a connecting space.


Two tomato varieties,Zhongza 9 and Zhongza 109 with late-maturing and early-maturing,respectively,were used to investigate the influence of two substrates(perlite+vermiculite,2∶1;turf+vermiculite,2∶1)and irrigating nutrient solution on sound seedling index,G value,bud length,chlorophyll content and EC,pH under tomato plug technology.The results showed that perlite+vermiculite(ZZB) had a poor nutritional condition and was not helpful to growth and development of the tomato plug seedlings compared to turf+vermiculite(CZB).the sound seedling index(0.044 4),G value(0.026 6),bud length(0.94 cm),chlorophyll content(1.303 mg/g) of Zhongza 109 tomato plug seedlings under the perlite+vermiculite and irrigating nutrient solution(ZZS) were respectively 33.7%,35.0%,9.3%,2.0% higher than those of Zhongza 109 tomato plug seedlings under the turf+vermiculite and irrigating nutrient solution(CZS).The plant height and stem diameter of tomato plug seedlings under perlite+vermiculite and irrigating nutrient solution were higher than those of tomato plug seedlings under turf+vermiculite and irrigating.EC(0.45 mS/cm) and pH(7.10) of seedlings rhizosphere under ZZS were more suitable for the tomato plug seedlings growth and development compared with those under CZS.So perlite+vermiculite and irrigating nutrient solution were better for culturing the high-quality plug seedlings.


Vol. 31, No. 2 © 2017 Smithsonian Institution 9 Bruno Latour, "A Collective of Humans and Nonhumans," in Pandora's Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1999), 174–215. 10 On distributed intelligence, see Edwin Hutchins, Cognition in the Wild (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995). 11 Bennett, Vibrant Matter, 2–19. 12 William Pietz, "The Problem of the Fetish, I," RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics, no. 9 (Spring 1985): 5–17; and Pietz, "The Problem of the Fetish, II: The Origin of the Fetish," RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics, no. 13 (Spring 1987): 23–45. 13 Peter Stallybrass, "Marx's Coat," in Border Fetishisms: Material Objects in Unstable Spaces, ed. Patricia Spyer (New York: Routledge, 1998), 186. 14 Glenn Adamson, The Invention of Craft (London: Bloomsbury, 2013); and Pamela H. Smith, "In the Workshop of History: Making, Writing, and Meaning," West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture 19, no. 1 (2012): 4–31. 15 Michael Polanyi, "Skills," in Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy (1958; repr., London: Routledge, 1998); and Polanyi, The Tacit Dimension (1966; repr., Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2009). 16 Arjun Appadurai, "Introduction: Commodities and the Politics of Value," in The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective, ed. Appadurai (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1986), 3–63; and Igor Kopytoff, "The Cultural Biography of Things: Commoditization as Process," in Appadurai, Social Life of Things, 64–94. 17 See, for example, "Objects in Motion: Visual and Material Culture across Colonial North America," ed. Wendy Bellion and Mónica Domínguez Torres, special issue, Winterthur Portfolio 45, nos. 2–3 (Summer–Autumn 2011); and Jennifer L. Roberts, Transporting Visions: The Movement of Images in Early America (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 2014). 18 An outstanding anthology in this vein is Fred R. Myers, ed., The Empire of Things: Regimes of Value and Material Culture (Santa Fe, N.Mex.: School of American Research Press, 2001). 19 Robin Kelsey in Martha Rosler et al., "Notes from the Field: Materiality," Art Bulletin 95, no. 1 (March 2013): 21–23. 20 Tim Ingold, "Toward an Ecology of Materials," Annual Review of Anthropology 41 (2012): 427–42, at 431–35. 21 Timothy Morton, Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World, Posthumanities 27 (Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 2013). 22 Joshua Shannon, The Disappearance of Objects: New York Art and the Rise of the Postmodern City (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2009). 23 Some good starting points: Jonathan Hay, Sensuous Surfaces: The Decorative Object in Early Modern China (Honolulu: Univ. of Hawai'i Press, 2010); and Jessica L. Horton, "Ojibwa Tableaux Vivants: George Catlin, Robert Houle, and Transcultural Materialism," Art History 39, no. 1 (February 2016): 124–51.


In this experiment,the conditions for papain hydrolysis of salty egg white proteins were optimized.Based on the single factor text,quadratic regression orthogonal rotary method was designed to built an empirical mathematical model about substrate concentration(X1),amounts of enzyme(X2),temperature(X3),pH value(X4)and Hydrolysis degree(Y):Y=25.77583-4.01800X1+1.42650X3-1.48800X4-1.52933X21-2.50133X22-3.44708X23-3.02933X24+1.05450X1X2-1.58850X2X3;and analysis the interaction between factors.R2=96.49%,R2adj=94.14%,the regression equation and actual test were fitting better.Each variable between response values of linear relationship was remarkable.The optimum condition for enzymatic hydrolysis of the salty egg white proteins was:substrate concentration3%,amounts of enzyme 5000U/g,temperature 50℃,pH 5.5,time was 6h.Use the best conditions,we can get hydrolysis degree 26.18% and nitrogen yield 93.47%.


Noninvertible one-dimensional maps with cycle periods undergoing multiplication by a factor N , as a result of (tangent) bifurcation, are governed by map-independent universal constants α N α N , δ N δ N as the parameter λ of the map approaches the point of accumulation λ N ∞ λ N ∞ . By explicit computation, we have determined the constants for all cycle structures and all values of N up to 7 (and in addition for many cycles up to N=11 ). We find that the relation between α and δ is roughly independent of the detailed cycle structure and follows quite well the Eckmann-Epstein-Wittwer asymptotic prediction that 3δ=2 α 2 α 2 . .AE


In this system, an embedded system is used to control AGV actions; two brushless direct motors are used to drive it move; a stepping motor is the driver of carrying system. Some technology is emphatically solved such as gathering and handling of signal, speed-changing control of stepping-motor. The designing of circuit has been carried out, emulator has been programmed.


Bird feed  ingredient process has been done traditionally which uses winnow that moved up and down by hands, just reach 6 kg/hour by a worker, that containt of 5.75 kg of solid grains, 0.25 kg empety grains and dust. For rising work efficiency needs separating process and cleaning process bird feed ingredient between solid grains and empety grains and dust by mechanical. Those are by build bird feed ingredient separating and cleaning machine. Construction and working principle designed, according to theory of subtance free fall, which forced by horizontal windy force by blower and motored by electrical motor  ½ Hp 1450 rpm completed by belt and pulley transmition. Capacity of bird feed ingredient separating and cleaning machine can reach 90 kg/hour consist 86.25 kg solid grains and 3.75 kg empety grains and dust.


COVID -19 has upended the known world and the profession of social work has been on the frontlines responding to the human suffering. A global research study was conducted to survey the ethical challenges faced by social workers during the pandemic. This paper explores one theme from the Canadian data, namely the ethical implications for social workers arising from the greater risks, hardships, and inequities for those most marginalized in our society. Two populations of service users will be utilized as examples of the ethical dimensions of the problem: the elderly and those who are Indigenous.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Focal Prostate Ablation versus Radical Prostatectomy (FARP)* is a Norwegian, prospective, parallel group randomized controlled trial that aims to compare focal ablation (FA) of prostate cancer (Pca) using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) versus Radical Prostatectomy (RP) in patients with unilateral, intermediate risk Pca. METHODS: Patient selection: Clinical stage <= T2b, unilateral Pca Gleason score 3+3 and not suitable to active surveillance and/or Gleason score 3+4 or 4+3 and PSA <= 20 ng/ml. Randomization of eligible candidates is performed using a web-based randomization system. Recruitment: 125 subjects per arm; inclusion period is 4 years. FA using HIFU Focal One (EDAP TMS) device is applied to the prostate region where MRI and 3D-TRUS prostate biopsies detected clinically significant Pca. Robot assisted laparoscopic RP or open retro-pubic RP is performed using unilateral nerve sparing technique. The primary objective is to compare the rate or treatment failure in each arm. Treatment failure in FA arm is defined as detection of high-risk cancer in control biopsy requiring RP or External beam radiation treatment (EBRT). Treatment failure in RP arm is defined as post-prostatectomy PSA rising > 0.2 ng/mland need for EBRT. Secondary objective is to compare the impact of treatments on urinary continence, erectile function and quality of life. The follow-up consists of regular PSA measurements and assessments of the functional results. In the FA arm, mpMRI, targeted and systematic biopsies will be performed in all patients at 12 and 36 months after the treatment. RESULTS: To date, 59 patients have been randomized. Mean age: 62.9 yrs (46-73), median PSA: 9 ng/ml (2.2-20) and Gleason Score: 3+3 (5%), 3+4 (73%) and 4+3 (22%). Eleven out of 29 patients (39%) randomized to PR refused RP and demanded FA instead. No patient rejected the FA. (Figure 1). CONCLUSIONS: A randomized controlled trial comparing FA and RP is difficult because of a high rate of cross-overs from RP to FA. These preliminary results emphasize the dimension of the patient s choice in the care of their Pca. *ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03668652 Figure. No caption available. Source of Funding: NONE


To date, there is a contradiction between the ever-growing need to increase the degree of functional saturation of diagnostic tools and forecasting the current state of aircraft and the limited technical capabilities of diagnostic tools. The noted contradiction is constantly aggravated due to the ever-increasing complexity of aircraft and means of their automation, which requires a corresponding increase in the functionality of the means of monitoring the technical condition. All this leads to an unjustified increase in the weight and size indicators of diagnostic tools, which significantly affects the technical and economic indicators during the operation of aircraft. This article proposes an information model for a parallel system for diagnosing and predicting the technical condition of aircraft using the example of helicopters, characterizes the groups of sensors included in the system, and outlines the principles for solving problems of diagnosing and predicting the failure state of an aviation complex. A procedure is proposed for accumulating flight data on the parameters of critical components and assemblies on board a helicopter and a method of express analysis, which consists in monitoring in real time the trend of parameters and the rate of change of this trend to limit values. It has been proven that provision should be made for the issuance of emergency visual and audible indication to the helicopter crew about an emergency situation.


The goal of our work was to implement optical interconnects based on silicon (Sil integrated circuit (IC) technology since the majority of VLSI circuits are based on Si technology. A highly desirable feature is to monolithically integrate opto-electronic components with Si ICs in order to reduce both cost and energy dissipation. First, we designed and fabricated a monolithically integrated photodiode and amplifier in our Si bipolar technology. Based on our Si receiver performance, we estimated the requirements of organic light emitting diodes (LEDs) for their efficiency and speed.


The present invention discloses an engine cooling system for phase-change fluid / water based, and includes an engine cooling water system, cooling water system comprises a first pump, a first control valve and a heat exchanger, a first pump with the first regulating valve and a heat exchanger in communication, provided with a cooling water inlet, there is disposed between the engine body and cylinder cooling cavity, a cooling water inlet communicating with the cooling chamber of the engine block, a cylinder head provided with a cooling water of the engine an outlet, a first control valve communicating with the cooling water inlet, a cooling water outlet communicating with the heat exchanger, characterized by a phase-change fluid is provided with a cooling system, the phase-change cooling system comprises a second fluid pump and a second control valve, the cooling chamber a fixed portion including a helical cooling tube, respectively, and the second pump regulator valve and the second heat exchanger communicates, second regulator valve inlet communicating with the cooling tube, cooling tube outlet communicating with the heat exchanger; advantages greatly save cycle the flow of cooling medium, reduce pumping consumption, energy saving effect; Meanwhile, phase-change fluid in the engine to absorb heat in the form of latent heat, since the temperature of the phase change material Of the narrow section, so that a more uniform temperature of the engine block.


This paper presents a design of DFT-spread OFDM system applied to an underwater acoustic channel. It does not only combine all the advantages of a conventional OFDM system but also reduces the peak-to-average power ratio of the transmit signal. Besides, the scheme spreads the information over several subcarriers as a result of the application of an additional DFT operation and leads to a diversity gain in a frequency-selective fading channel, which is one of the many challenges of communicating data through an underwater acoustic channel. Simulation results show that our proposal possesses good bit-error-rate performance. The system has been tested in a real underwater acoustic channel—the experimental pool in Xiamen University. The experimental results show that the DFT-spread OFDM system can achieve better results than a simple OFDM system in a benign underwater channel.


The principle objective of Denial-of-Service (DoS) assaults is to restrain or much more terrible keep genuine clients from getting to organize assets, administrations, and data. To defeat the deformities of the DOS assault we fundamental plan an IDS. An Intrusion revelation structure (IDS) is a device or software application that screens a framework or systems for harmful activity or course of action encroachment. In this paper, we propose another element choice technique on recognizing a portion of the potential traits of a DoS assault dependent on processed load for every one of the qualities utilizing entropy estimation and recursive component end. We apply one of the proficient classifier choice tree calculation for assessing highlight decrease technique. Choice Tree is the basic methods connected to interruption discovery framework and keep the assaults from the interlopers. The NSL-KDD informational collection is the refined variant of the KDD cup99 informational collection. Numerous sorts of examination have been completed by numerous specialists on the NSL-KDD dataset utilizing diverse strategies and apparatuses with a general target to build up a compelling interruption identification framework


Submitted for the MAR15 Meeting of The American Physical Society Spatial position control of nanofeatures assisted by nanoporous templates fabricated by block copolymer based lithography DONG HYUN LEE, DONG-EUN LEE, Dankook Univ — Herein, we demonstrated a unique method to control spatial arrangement of nanostructures by using topographically patterned substrates. The thin films of block copolymers (BCPs) were firstly prepared on a thin layer of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Then to induce ordering of the BCPs, the thin films were solvent-annealed in organic solvent vapors. The BCP thin films were then utilized as a mask to fabricate ordered PVA nanopores by reactive ion etching. Different types of BCP micelles were sequentially spin-coated on the nanoporous PVA film. Interestingly, the BCP micelles having hydrophobic surface could immediately be self-assembled due to synergetic effects of surface energy difference and height contrast of the PVA film during evaporation of a suspension solvent. In addition, by combining topographically patterned substrates, long-rage lateral ordering of BCP micelles depending on inter-distance and diameter of the PVA nanopores were effectively achieved over whole surface area. Dong Hyun Lee Dankook Univ Date submitted: 14 Nov 2014 Electronic form version 1.4


In the 21st century, Fashion is not only the thing we put on, it is a way of life. The fashion trends change almost every day. Trying different jewels in a physical shop and finally selecting the right one is a time consuming and a bit tedious task. Whether technology can improve upon this situation and thereby provide better satisfaction and experience to buyers. This paper presents human-friendly interface of Virtual Fitting Room Application on Android based devices. The proposed system helps to choose jeweler, which can be worn virtually, on a virtual display screen. It results in saving of users' as well as sales person's time. To achieve this, the methodology includes automatic detection of human face and neck on which the chosen jeweler is superimposed. An Image Blending approach may be used to achieve superimposition. Finally, the jeweler-worn image is displayed on screen. Proposed Virtual Fitting Room is software based and a designed to universally compatible with Android based device does not require any proprietary hardware components or peripherals. Keywords-Virtual Fitting Room(VFR), Virtual Mirror, Augmented Reality, Face Detection, Google Play Service Library


Urban Obsolescence and inefficiency, specifically when it is an outstanding feature of a district as a living cell of urban life and system, is a progressive truth that its influence boundaries would go further and would affect the whole urban system. Different theories and approaches related to sustainable development, the importance of a district inhabitants association in the form of process oriented and interactive planning patterns, are also emphasized. Among these patterns, local district planning, with a bottom-up approach emphasizes on empowering and increasing social wealth and group activity of the district inhabitants and as a solution for non-physical development as well as a way for physical development, are accepted as common procedures. The role of public participation is one of the most important factors which should be taken in to consideration in every developmental plan. The present research is done with the purpose of defining a collaborative approach in stable development of territorial community in rusty contexts of Sanandaj (Agha-Zama, Abbas-Abad, and Spoor-Abad). The research is practical, descriptive, and analytical in nature. The data were collected through library and field study (questionnaire). The statistical population are the rusty context inhabitants. To analyze the data, multi variable Pearson and Regression were done using SPSS. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient show that among the social factors accompanied with incorporation, there is a significant relationship of 0.05The multivariable regression shows that among the social factor components, social commitment with a coefficient of 0.026 has the highest influence in sustainable development of territorial community. The results of beta coefficient shows that the social commitment variable with a coefficient of 0.56, has the highest influence on the amount of incorporation.
Keywords: Cooperation, Sustainable development, territorial context, rusty context, Sanandaj.


The paper deals with the visual and verbal modes as well as interrelations between them employed in dominant argumentation on the British and German magazine covers devoted to president Donald J. Trump. Following the concept of multimodality and the notion of enthymemes the author discusses analogy and causality as predominant types of argumentation occurring on the covers of THE ECONOMIST and DER SPIEGEL and illustrates the contribution of the visual image to the (re-)construction of the tacit components of the argumentation.


The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) surveys farmers and ranchers across the United States and Puerto Rico in order to estimate crop production and number of livestock, to assess production practices, and to identify economic trends. This report is a culmination of NASS research over the years on the use of previously reported data (PRD) in an attempt to improve the data collected.


The Wright brothers gave the world the airplane, but North Carolinians' lives were changed more dramatically by other inventions in the early twentieth century — the telephone, electric power to homes and businesses, and the automobile. By the 1920s, these new means of communication and transportation had changed not only the way people lived and worked, but the way they thought about time and space. In 1870, ten miles was, for many people, a long way to travel, and you'd have been lucky to get an occasional letter from a relative out of state. Sixty years later, people in different states could keep in constant touch, and travel across the continent was almost routine. In this chapter, you'll explore both the process of invention and the changes that inventions wrought.


Author(s): LaMar, Michelle | Advisor(s): Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia | Abstract: The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS Lead States, 2013) define performance targets which will require assessment tasks that can integrate discipline knowledge and cross-cutting ideas with the practices of science. Complex computerized tasks will likely play a large role in assessing these standards, but many questions remain about how best to make use of such tasks within a psychometric framework (National Research Council, 2014). This dissertation explores the use of a more extensive cognitive modeling approach, driven by the extra information contained in action data collected while students interact with complex computerized tasks. Three separate papers are included. In Chapter 2, a mixture IRT model is presented that simultaneously classifies student understanding of a task while measuring student ability within their class. The model is based on differentially scoring the subtask action data from a complex performance. Simulation studies show that both class membership and class-specific ability can be reasonably estimated given sufficient numbers of items and response alternatives. The model is then applied to empirical data from a food-web task, providing some evidence of feasibility and validity. Chapter 3 explores the potential of using a more complex cognitive model for assessment purposes. Borrowing from the cognitive science domain, student decisions within a strategic task are modeled with a Markov decision process. Psychometric properties of the model are explored and simulation studies report on parameter recovery within the context of a simple strategy game. In Chapter 4 the Markov decision process (MDP) measurement model is then applied to an educational game to explore the practical benefits and difficulties of using such a model with real world data. Estimates from the MDP model are found to correlate more strongly with posttest results than a partial-credit IRT model based on outcome data alone.


Hemoglobin(Hb)was entrapped into graphene(RGO)that had been functioned with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)under ultrasonic measurement.The direct electrochemistry of Hb was researched,and an unmediated biosensor for H2O2 reduction was developed by immobilizing Hb on aglassy carbon electrode modified with Hb-PDDA-RGO/Nafion.The results demonstrated that the immobilized Hb undergoes direct electron transfer and displays excellent bioelectrocatalytic activity for the reduction of H2O2.The sensor constructed by the Hb-PDDA-RGO/Nafion modified glassy carbon electrode displays an excellent response to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide with wider linear range from 0.1to350.2μmol/L,higher sensitivity with 30.61μA/(mmol·L-1·cm2),lower detection limit with 0.036 4μmol/L and lower Michaelis constant with 18.1μmol/L.


Labor analgesia is the right of every lying-in woman and fetus,is the challenge initiated to the traditional concept " labor must be combined with pain ",and is one of the hallmarks of social civilization.The ideal labor analgesia is characterized by its little influence,quick and reliable effect,satisfied whole labor process,avoidance of movement retardation,no influence on Uterine contractions and maternal movement,lying-in woman with sober consciousness and being able to join in the whole labor process.It is more beneficial for instructing clinics and is also beneficial for continuously improving and perfecting labor analgesia technique simultaneously through discussing Doula labor,percutaneous point galvanic stimulation,nitrous oxide inhalation,diazepam joint Phloroglucinol,intraspinal drug delivery and so on,a variety of drugs,non-pharmacological analgesic methods,routes of administration,action mechanisms and efficacy.Labor analgesia plays a role in eliminating or alleviating the labor pains of lying-in women,thereby improving the natural birth rate and achieving the purpose of lowering cesarean section rate.


In microprocessor-based systems, data and address buses are the core of the interface between a microprocessor and the external world. The increasing gap between interfaces has pushed CPU designers to increase the bandwidth of the data transfer. Moreover, modern software applications span a very large address space. With very wide address and data busses, the power dissipation on bus interfaces is becoming a major concern. In microprocessor-based systems, large power savings can be achieved through reduction of the transition activity of the onand off-chip busses. This is because the total capacitance being switched when a voltage change occurs on a bus line is usually larger than the capacitive load that must be charged/discharged when internal nodes toggle. Encoding techniques are very effective in limiting the number of signal transitions on the bus lines. The microprocessor-based systems are incorporated with hierarchical memory systems. The characteristics of addresses on the bus in hierarchical memory can be very random. So our goal is to study the performance of existing bus encoding techniques (T0 code [1] and Bus-invert code [2]) for different types of memory hierarchies (e.g. main memory, L1, and L2 caches).


The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between shame and morality. The first step is a discussion about one theoretical perspective (moral self) that allows us to integrate the affective dimension into the psychological explanation of the moral action. The second step is the analysis of four essential aspects of shame: the place of self-judgment and the judgment of other in the experience of shame, 2) the temporal axis of shame (prospective and retrospective shame), 3) the positive and negative meanings of shame and 4) its relationship with the self. We conclude our text with an analysis of the concept of honor that represents the link between morality and shame. It is shown that honor is a necessary condition for the moral action.


This optical modulator, which is provided with, on the same substrate: a bias electrode to which a dither signal is applied; and an optical detector which monitors an optical signal propagating in an optical waveguide, performs stable bias control by improving detection accuracy with which a dither-signal component intensity is detected by the optical detector. The optical modulator is provided with: a substrate (102) having a piezoelectric effect; an optical waveguide (116a, etc.) formed on the substrate; a bias electrode (158a, etc.) that controls an optical wave propagating in the optical waveguide; and an optical detector (168a, etc.) that is formed on the substrate and that monitors an optical signal propagating in the optical waveguide, wherein at least one suppression means (190, etc.) that suppresses a surface acoustic wave propagating from the bias electrode to the optical detector is disposed, on the substrate, between a region in which the bias electrode is formed and a portion in which the optical detector is disposed.


Robust parameter design is an off-line production technique for reducing variation and improving the quality of products and processes by using product arrays. However, the use of the product arrays usually requires a large number of runs. To overcome the drawback of the product array, the combined array can be used. Also optimizing multiple responses is increasingly important in industry. Using simultaneous optimization measures, we can deal with the multiple response case. In this paper we compare the simultaneous optimization using the Taguchi's product array with using the combined array. And models possible to set on combined arrays are also investigated and compared with the cases of product arrays.


Business simulation games are used worldwide as teaching and learning tools for business classes and provide an interactive educational approach to business, economics, and entrepreneurship. They act as a basic supplement to the core curriculum due to their motivating and engaging nature and their simulation aspect which enables reinforcement of key concepts in a risk-free environment. The P4G Business Game has been developed in the context of the European project PLAY4GUIDANCE. It is a simulation game between teams, where each team has the task of managing from a strategic point of view their own manufacturing business competing with the other in a market. The rationale of the game lies on the users' training and guidance in the use of entrepreneurial, transversal and mathematical skills. The P4G business game is an online learning environment which acts as a replication and extension of the physical market world. The innovative character of the P4G Business Game lies in its embedded evaluation and scaffolding mechanism that provide significant guidance for the trainees. It focuses on both qualitative and quantitative data analysis providing users with immediate feedback and constant tracking of their performance. The sophisticated interactive technology underpinning the game accommodates social and technical dimensions -player exposure to varying levels of social interaction and cognition, removal of time and space constraints - not always available in the physical world. It allows for user intervention and decision taking processes while it offers a specific and structured space where critical analysis of intertwined and complex information is necessary. The evaluation tool was validated through pilots and national conferences conducted in all participating member countries of the project. The findings from the testing phase have shown a positive level of reliability of the P4G Evaluation tool.


This report examines the role of rare earth metals and other materials in the clean energy economy. It was prepared by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) based on data collected and research performed during 2010. Its main conclusions include: (a) Several clean energy technologies -- including wind turbines, electric vehicles, photovoltaic cells and fluorescent lighting -- use materials at risk of supply disruptions in the short term. Those risks will generally decrease in the medium and long term. (b) Clean energy technologies currently constitute about 20 percent of global consumption of critical materials. As clean energy technologies are deployed more widely in the decades ahead, their share of global consumption of critical materials will likely grow. (c) Of the materials analyzed, five rare earth metals (dysprosium, neodymium, terbium, europium and yttrium), as well as indium, are assessed as most critical in the short term. For this purpose, 'criticality' is a measure that combines importance to the clean energy economy and risk of supply disruption. (d) Sound policies and strategic investments can reduce the risk of supply disruptions, especially in the medium and long term. (e) Data with respect to many of the issues considered in this report are sparse. In the report, DOE describes plans to (i) develop its first integrated research agenda addressing critical materials, building on three technical workshops convened by the Department during November and December 2010; (ii) strengthen its capacity for information-gathering on this topic; and (iii) work closely with international partners, including Japan and Europe, to reduce vulnerability to supply disruptions and address critical material needs. DOE will work with other stakeholders -- including interagency colleagues, Congress and the public -- to shape policy tools that strengthen the United States' strategic capabilities. DOE also announces its plan to develop an updated critical materials strategy, based upon additional events and information, by the end of 2011.DOE's strategy with respect to critical materials rests on three pillars. First, diversified global supply chains are essential. To manage supply risk, multiple sources of materials are required. This means taking steps to facilitate extraction, processing and manufacturing here in the United States, as well as encouraging other nations to expedite alternative supplies. In all cases, extraction and processing should be done in an environmentally sound manner. Second, substitutes must be developed. Research leading to material and technology substitutes will improve flexibility and help meet the material needs of the clean energy economy. Third, recycling, reuse and more efficient use could significantly lower world demand for newly extracted materials. Research into recycling processes coupled with well-designed policies will help make recycling economically viable over time.The scope of this report is limited. It does not address the material needs of the entire economy, the entire energy sector or even all clean energy technologies. Time and resource limitations precluded a comprehensive scope. Among the topics that merit additional research are the use of rare earth metals in catalytic converters and in petroleum refining. These topics are discussed briefly in Chapter 2.


A new sonoelastography technique – virtual touch tissue quantification of acoustic radiation force impulses (ARFI) – offers a promising method for measuring tissue rigidity. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of ARFI for diagnosing Sjögren's syndrome (SS).


This small paper intends to discuss aspects related to the issues of symbolic differentiation between the practices of the field of art, handcrafts and design. In order to investigate where are the boundaries that separate the fields and the possible links that connect them, considering the flexibility and porosity of these divisions. Establishing a brief analysis of the exhibition spaces and the intrinsic power relations in the legitimations arising from these institutions, which hegemonically understand as a place for the appreciation and / or commercialization of these creative or charismatic objects.


In this paper we present the behaviour of plane fountains, injected into a homogeneous fluid of lower density, impinging on a ceiling. The transient behaviour of the impinging fountain with Reynolds number 100 ≤ Re ≤ 1000, Prandtl number Pr=7, and Froude number Fr = 4 and 5 is studied by direct numerical simulation using a fractional-step solution of the Navier–Stokes equations. When a vertical fountain impinges on a ceiling it spreads until gravity forces it to fall. The results show that the spreading distance is dependent on the source Froude number and independent of Reynolds number for range studied.


【Objective】To analyze the influencing factors of the farmers engaging in financial market and put forward the corresponding policy recommendations.【Method】On the base of questionnaires,farmers' financial assets are divided into two types:non-risk type and risk-type,and the farmers' willingness to engage in financial market and its influencing factors were analyzed adopting Logit model.【Results】The influence of family variables are different.【Conclusion】① Income,wealth,human resource and attitude toward risk have significant impacts on farmers' financial market participation;② Age,gender and education level of head of household have significant effects on the willingness of households' participation in financial markets.Whether the farmer is engaged in industry and commence also has positive effect;③ Family size and marital status have no obvious effects on household participation in financial markets.


Abstract In 1822 Franz Schubert contracted syphilis and became aware that he had only a short time to live. The last six years of his life, in which he valiantly struggled to overcome his anguish and despair, were a period of exceptional creativity. This article will examine the relationship between the act of composing and the process of dying in Schubert's late years, during which he composed an array of ambitious works in which he adapted genre conventions to the occasion. Was the unearthly serenity that permeates this work an escape from the fierce weather of the mind? Or are the irreconcilable antinomies in Schubert's late works musical proof of Yeats's belief: 'A man awaits his end dreading and hoping all'? This article is an attempt to explore the antinomies in Schubert's 'late' works and to answer to such rhetorical musings.


In the article the aesthetic and artistic phenomenon of eventfulness being is discussed from a standpoint of modern theory of construction of non-classical ontological aesthetics. The specificity of created ontological features of integrity is determined. They cause activation of transcending mechanisms and its further implementation in the process of repeated acts of aesthetic co-beingness.


The invention discloses a polyaniline conducting film and a preparing method thereof, and belongs to the field of macromolecular conducting materials. The polyaniline conducting material high in conductivity and good in mechanical property is provided, the polyaniline conducting film is made of a polyaniline grafted copolymer, the main chain of the grafted copolymer is a polyvinyl pyridine menthanone macromolecular chain, and the branched chain is a macromolecular chain containing aniline repetitive units.


When developing control system software there are many times when the ability to simulate the response of the instrumentation can be very useful. Examples are: (i) when the operator interface is being designed and the users want an idea of what the finished system might took like; (ii) when the interface hardware is not yet available; (iii) when the reaction of the control system to an error condition must be tested, but the actual occurrence of such an error would cause undesirable side effects; (iv) when operators are being trained to use the system; (v) when an improvement or bug fix needs to be tested, but the running system cannot be shut down for long. The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) provides tools for building simple simulations and interfacing to more complex simulations of accelerator hardware. At the lowest level an individual data channel can be switched to take its input from either a simulated data location or from the actual hardware. At a slightly higher level, sequences can be run on the real-time interface processor so that output to the hardware is intercepted and an appropriate substitute value is provided for the corresponding read-back records. At a still higher level a program can use the Channel Access software bus facility of EPICS to control some global aspect of an accelerator or can interface to an external accelerator simulation instead of the actual accelerator. The goal of testing control system software using simulated hardware is to minimize the changes required in shifting between the simulated system and the real system. The degree of success of the EPICS tools in meeting the minimum change goal will be addressed with suggestions for improvements. The implementation of simulated responses using EPICS tools will be discussed and examples of experience using the EPICS tools to create and interface to simulations will be given.


We study an initial value problem for nonlinear implicit fractional differential equation with Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. In the process, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of solutions of an implict fractional differential equation by Banach fixed point theorem. Further, we discuss the uniqueness of solutions via the application of Bihari and Medved inequalities.


(57) Abstract: consists shutters cooperating pair respectively provided on each side of the bed of catalyst absorber (730) (720 and 721), beds with housed between shutters (730) of combustion gas ( was isolated from 700), the other bed apparatus for regenerated catalyst absorber from in contact with flue gas (700) which is adapted to open the shutters to continue processing the exhaust gases (730) in. Shutters between the catalyst absorber of each pair of (720, 721) (730) bed (730) and the regeneration gas outlet using a regeneration gas inlet nozzle (702) for communicating between the shutters of each pair (703) door is provided. Selectively closing the pair of different shutters play the part of the bed, it continued treatment of the exhaust gas by the residual bed. Thus, to maintain the concentration of contaminants discharged a specific amount of active or regenerated catalyst absorber into contact with the flue gas to a certain limit.


A physical analytic formula based on Stochastic Differential Equation was successfully developed to describe intrinsic ReRAM variation. The formula was proved useful for projecting scaled ReRAM memory window and resistance distribution after long-term retention, verified by testing 40 nm 2-Mbit ReRAM. The formula also centered on practical and quantitative filament characterization.


Abstract:Art and Art-Attempts by Christy Mag Uidhir is an excellent, insightful, and brilliantly precise book about the philosophy of art. This discussion will be concerned with the role of the intention of the artist in art, which is central to the book, and his discussion of abstracta and instantiation. I shall argue that intention should be replaced with choice and that abstracta should be replaced with exemplar representation as characterized in my book Art, Self and Knowledge to improve his account. I conclude that choice in art and focus on exemplars play a special role in aesthetic education.


given their attention almost exclusively to railroads and canals and have neglected turnpikes.' It is true that turnpikes were relatively unimportant as main lines of transport, yet most American farmers, and many townsmen, were not fortunate enough to live on a waterway or a railroad line. To these people, the quality and cost of common road transportation was a matter of everyday concern. In the nineteenth century, as in the twentieth, the turnpike was essentially an expedient method of highway financing-and an even less satisfactory method then than now because of the relative ease with which users could avoid paying tolls. Yet it did succeed in improving roads in many states and lowering the cost of road transportation from between $0.20 and $0.25 per ton-mile on common roads to about $0.15 per ton-mile on the best macadamized turnpikes. Some of the best ones, such as the Lancaster Turnpike in Pennsylvania and the Valley Turnpike in Virginia, achieved renown for their high quality. The construction of roads lost its historical status as a highly developed craft during the first half of the nineteenth century and was advanced to the fast-growing list of exact sciences, for the best engineering standards in road construction, developed first in France and England, were exacting enough to demand considerable training. Although the United States could claim the first professional school of civil engineering in the English-speaking world (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, established in 1823), and many other American universities entered the field early, Virginia turnpikes were not built often by trained engineers. Most of them were built by amateurs who applied their own notions to the actual work.


We present an intelligent sensor array-based joint radarcommunication system which exploits chance constrained programming to develop a robust beamforming design. Probabilistic chance constraints are introduced for the communication operation where the communication objectives are achieved with a desired success rate in the presence of communication channel uncertainties. The chance constraint optimization is then relaxed to form a deterministic and convex problem by employing the statistical profile of the communication channels. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed strategy.


The continuous 1D defects of an isotropic homogeneous material in an Euclidean 3D space are classified by a construction method, the Volterra process (VP). We employ the same method to classify the continuous 2D defects of a vacuum in a 4D maximally symmetric spacetime. These defects, which we call cosmic forms, fall into three different classes: i)m-forms, akin to 3D space disclinations, related to ordinary rotations and analogous to Kibble's global cosmic strings (except that being continuous any deficit angle is allowed); ii)t-forms, related to Lorentz boosts (hyperbolic rotations); iii)r-forms, never been considered so far, related to null rotations. A detailed account of their metrics is presented. In each class, one distinguishes between wedge forms, whose singularities occupy a 2D world sheet, and twist or mixed forms, whose inner structure appears as a non-singular core separated from the outer part by a 3D world shell with distributional curvature and/or torsion. Relaxation processes of the world shell involve new types of topological interactions between cosmic dislocations and cosmic disclinations. The resulting structures of the core region itself, whether wedge or not, are not explored in detail in this article. Whereas m-forms are compatible with the (narrow) cosmological principle (nCP) of space homogeneity and isotropy, tand r-forms demand spacetime homogeneity (perfect CP). Thus we advance that tand r-forms are typical of a primeval false vacuum obeying the perfect CP, inhabiting a de Sitter spacetime. Cosmic forms may assemble into networks with conservation laws at their nodes, such that all the segments are made of positive forms, say, thus generating some characteristic curvature field. To this network may be adjunct a conjugated network made of negative forms, in order to tune the final spatial curvature to a given value. PACS numbers: 61.72.-y, 95.30.-k, 98.65.Dx, 98.80.-k.


Objectives: Determine indications and clinical utility of SARS-CoV-2 serology testing in adults and children. Design: Prospective evaluation of initial three weeks of a daily Monday to Friday pilot SARS-CoV-2 serology service for patients. Setting: Early post 'first-wave' SARS-CoV-2 transmission period at single centre London teaching hospital that provides care to the local community, as well as regional and national referral pathways for specialist services. Participants: 110 (72 adults, 38 children, age range 0-83 years, 52.7% female (n=58)). Interventions: Patient serum from vetted referrals tested on CE marked and internally validated lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) (SureScreen Diagnostics) detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, with result and clinical interpretation provided to the direct care team. Main outcome measures: Performance characteristics, source and nature of referrals, feasibility and clinical utility of the service, particularly the benefit for clinical decision-making. Results: The LFIA was deemed suitable for clinical advice and decision making following evaluation with 310 serum samples from SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive patients and 300 pre-pandemic samples, giving a sensitivity and specificity of 96.1% and 99.3% respectively. For the pilot, 115 referrals were received leading to 113 tests performed on 108 participants (sample not available for two participants); paediatrics (n=35), medicine (n=69), surgery (n=2) and general practice (n=2). 43.4% participants (n=49) had detectable antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. There were three main indications for serology; new acute presentations potentially triggered by recent COVID-19 infection e.g. PIMS-TS (n=26) and pulmonary embolism (n=5), potential missed diagnoses in context of a recent compatible illness (n=40), and making infection control and immunosuppression treatment decisions in persistently SARS-CoV-2 RNA PCR positive individuals (n=6). Conclusions: This study shows acceptable performance characteristics, feasibility and clinical utility of a SARS-CoV-2 serology service using a rapid, inexpensive and portable assay for adults and children presenting with a range of clinical indications. Results correlated closely with a confirmatory in-house ELISA. The study showed the benefit of introducing a serology service where there is a reasonable pre-test probability, and the result can be linked with clinical advice or intervention. Experience thus far is that the volume of requests from hospital referral routes are manageable within existing clinical and laboratory services; however, the demand from community referrals has not yet been assessed. Given recent evidence for a rapid decline in antibodies, particularly following mild infection, there is likely a limited window of opportunity to realise the benefit of serology testing for individuals infected during the 'first-wave' before they potentially fall below a measurable threshold. Rapidly expanding availability of serology services for NHS patients will also help understand the long-term implications of serostatus and prior infection in different patient groups, particularly before emergence of any 'second-wave' outbreak or introduction of a vaccination programme.


Hans J. Morgenthau's Theory of International Relations: Disenchantment and Re-Enchantment. By Neacsu Mihaela. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. 288 pp., $95.00 hardcover (ISBN 978-0-230-57607-0).

Morgenthau, Law and Realism. By Jutersonke Oliver. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 212 pp., $95.00 hardcover (ISBN 978-0-521-76928-0).

Political realism has seen better—and worse—days. Recent debates over the NATO-led Libya intervention has shown once again realism's ill-standing in foreign-policy circles (recall Iraq). Marginalized by an unholy alliance between neocons and hawkish liberals, realism remains reclusive. But then, realism is thriving—intellectually. Its social-scientific strand has produced significant structural International Relations (IR) theories, including attempts to synthesize the identified parabolic power/security relationship into a single neorealist framework (Fiammenghi 2011). Likewise, surging interest in pre-Waltzian realism has debunked many realpolitik myths associated with this venerable political philosophy. So-called "classical" realism's renaissance is remarkable, particularly as to its most consequential proponent, Hans Morgenthau (for example, Lebow 2003; Williams 2005, 2007; Molloy 2006; Scheuerman 2009, 2010; Schuett 2010, 2011).

In this thriving body of scholarship, there are—naturally—instances of elements missing, misunderstood, neglected. Enter Mihaela Neacsu and Oliver Jutersonke. Their careful re-readings, partly archive-based, make a significant contribution to our understanding of Morgenthau's intellectual biography and his realism's intellectual impetus. Some self-identified realists will not recognize "their" Morgenthau or realism. This does not diminish these interpretations' value. It strengthens the debate as to what realism is.

In Hans J. Morgenthau's Theory of International Relations: Disenchantment and Re-Enchantment , Mihaela Neacsu makes her case along six chapters. She starts off by exploring the concepts of modernity/postmodernity, thereby methodologically setting up her reading of Morgenthau's realism. Transgressing the modernity/postmodernity dichotomy, Neacsu argues, makes Morgenthau a valuable source of inspiration for IR's postmodern strands. In light of recent, mostly critically inspired Morgenthau interpretations, one might fear Neacsu risks shooting at a straw man. But this would undervalue her creative attempt of presenting Morgenthau as a complex, coherent thinker preoccupied with an overarching theme: the quest for meaning, for morality, individually and collectively.

As much as Neacsu's reading oscillates around …


In order to prevent the electric power secondary systems,including power supervision systems,power communication and data networks,etc.,from being attacked and invaded by hackers and malicious codes,a defending architecture is built up to safeguard the security of production control area and power system operation based on such principles as safety area partition,exclusive networking,horizontal isolation and vertical certification.The current status and insecurity factors of information network in Qingshan Co-generation Co.Ltd are analyzed in detail,and an improved scheme adopting latest physical isolation techniques is suggested in this paper.


The invention relates to the computer information processing technology field and especially relates to a double-audio-source audio data processing method and an apparatus thereof. The method is characterized by screening two songs with same accompaniment and different sings from a song database and taking the two songs as a homologous song pair; executing decoding and merging processing on audio data of the homologous song pair and acquiring double-channel audio data; dividing play time corresponding to double-channel audio into a plurality of play periods; and carrying out energy suppression on a left channel or a right channel of double-channel audio in different play periods so as to generate a dual-tone antiphonal singing effect. A brand new music experience content is provided for a user. A novel music synthesis scheme is provided and advantages of high synthesis efficiency and low cost are possessed.


We present parallel algorithms for finding tbe bridgeand bi~onDected components of an undirected graph G =(V .E) with n vertices and t1 edges on 2-dimensiooal mesh of size n1/lxnJ/2. In conventional parallel models any bridge. and bi-connectivity algorithm requires at least n processing elements, and tbus our algorithms run on minimum area networks. OUf algorithms find tbe bridge-connected components in 0(n /2) time for both input in the form of an adjacency matrix and in the form of edges. For bi-connectivity we show how achieve 0 (n 3/2) time when the input is adjacency matrix form, and 0 (e +n312) time when the input is in the form of edges.


In our present investigation, motivated from Noor work, we define the class () of functions of bounded radius rotation of complex order with respect to symmetrical points and learn some of its basic properties. We also apply this concept to define the class . We study some interesting results, including arc length, coefficient difference, and univalence sufficient condition for this class.


Given the spatial dimension of urban (urbanization, deurbanization, urban restructuring etc.) and industrial (exploitation of natural resources) processes, Coordination of Information on the Environment Programme (CORINE) data provide an image of land cover/use dynamics in territorial statistical units administrative units and development regions. This study employed ordinary kriging interpolation to depict how these processes are reflected at macro-scale changes in land cover and use. Results indicate that areas affected by any kind of land cover changes predominate in the South-West Region (especially Mehedinţi and Gorj counties), while areas affected by land use changes in the urban areas concentrate in the Oriental Carpathians (counties Suceava, Harghita, Covasna, Bacău, and Neamţ). Urbanization seems to cluster in the South-East, but also in spaces situated at the limits of the development regions South-East, Center, North-East, and North West. Deurbanization explains land use changes in the SouthWest and West Regions. The results indicate that anthropic pressures on natural systems are the driving force of environmental dynamics. Methodologically, the study underlines the potential of using kriging to assess environmental changes and their consequences over land use.


Introduction This is the first in the annual series of Progress Reports on Allergy. These reports will not review and offer a critique of every article on allergy appearing in the literature. The purpose is, rather, to call to the attention of otolaryngologists certain thought-provoking and clinically practical items gleaned from the literature during the previous year. As a general rule, the large number of articles which extol the virtues of a particular type of new drug will not be mentioned; too often such articles report uncontrolled studies and are little more than "testimonials." Repository Therapy The headline-stealer in the field of allergy during 1960 was, of course, repository antigen therapy; it has been glamorized as "the one-shot treatment" of hay fever. Brown, who has done more than anyone to popularize and champion this type of therapy, has, in his usual erudite manner, termed it "the opsiphylactic type of treatment."


In this study, we determined distribution status of organonitrogen pesticides such as trifluralin, atrazine, metribuzin, alachlor, malathion, nitrofen, permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and parathion accumulated in the fresh water fishes and amphibians. We collected those samples at 31 sites from the basin of major rivers, and separated the muscular tissue as a final sample for analysis. In the pretreatment process, lipid was eliminated by using acetonitrile and n-hexane, and pesticides were reextracted with dichloromethane. The extract was dehydrated and concentrated, and then cleaned it up by passing the Florisil column, and pesticide content was finally determined by using a GC-MS system after introducing isotope labelled references. The accumulation level was observed in the range of in amphibians and in fishes including cypermethrin as .


This paper investigates the extent to which secondary and higher education supply constraints affected aggregate educational attainment in Colombia for cohorts born from 1909 to 1981. Until the 1950s, secondary and tertiary Colombian education was highly restrictive, aimed solely at training socially elite students. After the 1950s the number of secondary schools and colleges increased considerably, and consequently, enrollment and attainment at both levels improved. Using variation in cohort size within regions over time to proxy for changes in education demand I estimate that for cohorts born between 1909 and 1944 a 10% increase in cohort size reduced the cohort high school completion rate by 6% and the college completion rate by 9%. For cohorts born after 1945, I find a significantly smaller elasticity, such that a 10% increase in cohort size reduced the high school completion rate by 3% and the college completion rate by 4%. JEL Classification: I21, I28


The significance of strengthening the peasant workers training was introduced.The main problems in peasant workers training in Changchun were analyzed,including the dispersed system,unorganized method,weak teachers strength,poor consciousness and unbalanced development of training.The corresponding countermeasures were suggested.


ALTHOUGH THE SYNCHRONIZATION OF ECONOMIC FLUCTUations with the electoral cycle often preoccupies political leaders, the real force of political influence on macroeconomic performance comes in the determination of economic priorities. Here the ideology and platform of the political party in power dominate. Just as the electoral calendar helps set the timing of policy, so the ideology of political leaders shapes the substance of economic policy.