The architecture structure and software design methodology presented is described in the context of telerobotic application in Ada, specifically the Engineering Test Bed (ETB), which was developed to support the Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS) Program at GSFC. However, the nature of the architecture is such that it has applications to any multiprocessor distributed real-time system. The ETB architecture, which is a derivation of the NASA/NBS Standard Reference Model (NASREM), defines a hierarchy for representing a telerobot system. Within this hierarchy, a module is a logical entity consisting of the software associated with a set of related hardware components in the robot system. A module is comprised of submodules, which are cyclically executing processes that each perform a specific set of functions. The submodules in a module can run on separate processors. The submodules in the system communicate via command/status (C/S) interface channels, which are used to send commands down and relay status back up the system hierarchy. Submodules also communicate via setpoint data links, which are used to transfer control data from one submodule to another. A submodule invokes submodule algorithms (SMA's) to perform algorithmic operations. Data that describe or models a physical component of the system are stored as objects in the World Model (WM). The WM is a system-wide distributed database that is accessible to submodules in all modules of the system for creating, reading, and writing objects.


This paper introduces the design of RISC microprocessor with pipelining based on FPGA, which is included the design of key modules and pipelining. This microprocessor mainly consists of ALU, decoder, fetch logic, register bank, program memory, data memory, and so on. Both instruction and data length is 32 bit, and three kinds of addressing are adopted. An appropriate pipelining is designed through the timing analyses of key module. It has analyzed the pipeline hazards, which is solved via Forwarding and hardware "guess" . According to the synthesis and the function simulating, the microprocessor is satisfied, and its frequency reaches 74.59 MHz.


The article presents the results of complex studies of physical and chemical properties, such as sieve analysis, elemental and microstructural analysis, IR spectral analysis, and X-ray phase analysis. The results of the research allow concluding that coal mining waste is a valuable secondary raw material for the production of new multipurpose materials in the chemical and construction industries. Data obtained by scanning electron microscopy revealed the elemental composition of coal mining waste. As it turned out, the composition of the waste is dominated by carbon, silicon and iron. In addition, there are microelements in the form of magnesium, sulfur, and aluminum. All the data obtained will be used for the synthesis of humate-containing substances.


: - In this study the stepwise optimization strategy was applied to maximize the production of antileukemic enzyme LAsparaginase from Erwinia carotovorum MTCC 1428. I studied the effect of one parameter at a time and other parameter kept constant, by this way the result was that among different carbon & nitrogen sources. Lactose & Yeast extract respectively gave maximum enzyme activity and the individual optimum temperature , initial pH of the medium , incubation period , inoculums size and rotation of shaking incubator were found to be 3%(w/v), 2% (w/v) , 30ºC , 7.0 , 48 hrs , 6% (v/v) and 150 rpm respectively. The maximum specific activity of L-Asparaginase in the optimized medium was 16.18 U/mg of protein resulting in overall 3.8-fold increase in the production compared to un-optimized medium.


A preliminary analysis of the flyingfish fishery in Kandakuliya of the Kalpitiya Peninsula is presented. The study is based on a survey carried out during the periods September 1991 to April, 1992 and September 1992 to April 1993. . Fishing operations were mainly carried out by 5.0 - 5.5-m FRP boats, using small meshed gillnets during the daytime. The mesh size of the gillnets range from 29-48 mm. Fishing operations were limited to the region 20-30 km from the shore. Total catch, effort and catch per unit effort (CPUE) showed seasonal variations. Peak catches were observed from November to January. Mean CPUE varied from 110 to 155 kg/boat/day from 1991 to 1993. The total annual production from this fishery is about 1500 MT/year. This fishery is dependent on 9 species of flyingfish of which Hirundichthys oxycephalus contributes up to 46 % of the catch. Species composition changes seasonally.


This fascicule covers the counties of Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, Lincolnshire, South Humberside, Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire. It is a relatively slight affair, with only 97 catalogue entries (three of which are classed as doubtful because of question-marks over provenance or authenticity) and less than 50 pages of text. This reflects the nature of the material, which consists of sporadic (and mostly rather unexciting) finds. The contributors to the Romano-British fascicules have had unequal tasks, depending upon the regions assigned to them, and one cannot help feeling that H. has drawn one of the short straws: many of the pieces which she has to deal with are fragmentary, battered and unprepossessing. In compensation, however, she has a few important and well known items, such as the bronze head from the River Aide in Suffolk, thought to be of Claudius (the rarely published profile view does not, in the reviewer's opinion, favour the identification) and the tombstones of M. Favonius Facilis and Longinus from Colchester, plus one or two pieces which pose interesting questions of interpretation, e.g. a relief of a mounted warrior spearing a snakelike creature from Stragglethorpe in Lines, (no. 29), the relief of a pair of standing deities(?) within niches from Thorpe in Notts, (no. 18) and the torsos of two figures holding whips from Bedford Purlieus in Northants. (no. 35). H., who is an acknowledged expert on iconography and Roman sculpture not just in Britain but throughout the Empire, is sure-footed in her handling of the heterogeneous material, and this is an excellent catalogue. One can merely question aspects of the organization which are common to all the fascicules. The arrangement into sections of Greco-Roman deities, RomanoCeltic deities, anthropomorphic figures (including portraits), funerary monuments, altars, animals, and architectural sculpture, is not entirely satisfactory, because it is partly iconographic and partly functional, and leads to anomalies. Particular problems arise where function is unknown or there are uncertainties over identification (e.g. some of the 'anthropomorphic' figures could well be Greco-Roman or Celtic deities). The arrangement of deities in alphabetical order destroys the unity of groups such as the three statues from Sibson in Cambridgeshire (nos. 1, 7 and 10). The policy of not separating bronze works from stone is questionable. All these, alas, are faults ingrained in the series, and it is too late to rectify them now.


Abstract : The function of the portable hydraulic fluid decontamination unit is to pump the missile hydraulic oil supply through its filters, reducing the water and contamination level to within acceptable limits and return it to the missile system. The objective of the test was to compare the decontamination unit performance to the pre-operational and operational test requirements.


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Since slavery times African-American religious thinkers have struggled to answer this question: Is Christianity a source of liberation or a source of oppression? In a study that reviews representative thinkers over the last 50 years, Chapman reviews the variety of ways that African-Americans have addressed this problem and how it has informed their work and lives.


The inhibitory effects of various fatty acids on three hyaluronidases (h-ST, h-SH and h-SD) and four chondroitinases (c-ABC, c-B, c-ACI and c-ACII) were examined, and their structure-activity relationships and mechanism of action were studied. The fatty acids used in this experiment showed various inhibitory activities against the enzymes. None of the fatty acids did not inhibit h-ST and h-SH. The saturated fatty acids (C 10:0 to C 22:0) showed very weak or no inhibition against h-SD, c-ABC, c-B, c-ACI and c-ACII but the unsaturated fatty acids (C 14:1 to C 24:1) with one double bond strongly inhibited the enzymes, and the inhibitory potency increased with increase in carbon chain length of the fatty acids. In contrast, the increase in number of double bonds caused a decrease in inhibitory potency against the enzymes. The position of the double bond and the stereochemistry of the cis - trans form of oleic acid (C 18:1) did not influence the inhibitory potency against the enzymes. Carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the fatty acid molecule were concerned in the inhibition of c-ACI. Among the fatty acids, eicosatrienoic acid (C 20:3) generally inhibited h-SD, c-ABC, c-B and c-ACI, and nervonic acid (C 24:1) was a potent inhibitor of c-ACII, and the fatty acids inhibited the enzymes in a noncompetitive manner.


Multichip module (MCM) thermal performance for flip chip and wirebond (WE) die attach packages are evaluated using four chip, uniform size ceramic substrates. Thermal characteristics of each module are evaluated by conduction parametric analyser of individual module element properties and dimensions. Thermal performance is evaluated for conditions ranging from low air now and no heat sink to high air flow with high profile heat sinks. Flip chip modules are shown to be thermally superior to WB packages in both cavity up and cavity down configurations.


This paper is based on a literature review and an evaluation of practices that have been I place with respect to low cost building materials and technologies so as to lower costs and hence make the buildings, especially housing for the majority urban poor who have meager resources and hence cannot afford conventionally built houses. The paper utilized both secondary data from the literature, and an empirical study of pilot projects that have been constructed in different regions of Kenya by utilizing traditional architectural research techniques akin to observational techniques in the social sciences, augmented by open-ended interviews and discussions with the different actors in the advocacy and use of low cost materials and technologies in building. This study found out that topmost of the constraints that hinder wider application and universalism for the alternative materials and technologies is largely due to both lack of standards and specifications, and also information by the general populace about them. Otherwise I general, the alternative materials and their technologies are quite economical, durable, sanitary and safe in construction as attested to my findings from the case studies for this paper.


The article is devoted to stylistic functions of literary phraseology in media communication. The author opinion that the media sphere is a special type of verbalized language consciousness that commensurates with actual processes of language development is formulated and argued. Language markers, representative for the media, their origin, functional resource, effective forms of presentation, analysis of the ability to influence the semantic development of language and form the cultural field of modern mass consciousness are important issues for a linguist in such investigation objectivity. The emphasis is made on the fact that the active processes of development of modern information societies cause the transformation of language communication, in particular in the media, where the functional intentions of the literary word and phraseology are significant and effective. The functions of literary phraseology of biblical origin, author's phraseology of Ukrainian writers in media communication are considered, primarily from the point of view of their transformation, ability to unite the text. Special attention is also focused on the intertextual possibilities of literary phraseology as the ability of intercultural semantic circles to outline the associative aesthetic and ethical potential of modern European culture. The author interprets the intentions of phraseological units as multivariate communicative units, characterized by semantic field, aptness, stability and the mentioned emotional, expressive potential, that collectively allows to perform a manipulative function and strengthen the influence on the recipient's consciousness. The use of literary phraseology in the media, which is determined by the expressive potential of these language units, the conciseness of the form, the ability to symbolize, to combine humanistic ideas and intercultural ties of modern civilization, is elaborated. Emphasis is placed on the expediency and perspective of interpreting the possibilities of literary phraseology in the active communicative space of the media.


This book is intended for those who wish to apply noise control techniques and save money on noise abatement costs. Anyone planning a career in this field will find the material on salaries, opportunities, activities, etc. invaluable. For those managers who wish to develop in-house consultants, learn how to manage noise control, and view the effect of noise on schedules and budgets, this book is a must. For the plant manager and safety engineer, material on new regulations, OSHA now and in the future, the Noise Control Act, HUD, the measurement of noise, and interpretations on legal enforcement make this book essential. Finally, the engineer or noise consultant who specifies equipment in accordance with OSHA will find out the secrets of noise control.


We aim to reduce the cost of sound monitoring for maintain machinery by reducing the sampling rate, i.e., sub-Nyquist sampling. Monitoring based on sub-Nyquist sampling requires two sub-systems: a sub-system on-site for sampling machinery sounds at a low rate and a sub-system off-site for detecting anomalies from the subsampled signal. This paper proposes a method for achieving both subsystems. First, the proposed method uses non-uniform sampling to encode higher than the Nyquist frequency. Second, the method applies a long short-term memory-(LSTM)-based autoencoder network for detecting anomalies. The novelty of the proposed network is that the subsampled time-domain signal is demultiplexed and received as input in an end-to-end manner, enabling anomaly detection from the subsampled signal. Experimental results indicate that our method is suitable for anomaly detection from the subsampled signal.


The seismic breakdown probability of a building requires several parameters: the event probability of earthquakes, the variation of ground properties, and the seismic performance variation of a given building. In this paper, we discuss the influence of the ground property variation to the maximum displacement response of Japanese wooden houses. Monte Carlo simulation is employed to consider both the variation of ground properties and the seismic performance variation of a given building. As results, the variation coefficient of surface subsoil amplifying characteristic is 0.3 - 1.0 under 5.0Hz. The variation coefficient of surface layer has a large effect on the estimate values of maximum displacement responses by the result of Monte Carlo simulation.


It is not inevitable that incontinence occurs with old age, however, older people are more likely to experience problems that affect toileting, such as impaired mobility. Julie Vickerman explains how staff can encourage residents to void independently


The travel patterns of foreign visitors to Japan are changing from group travel, which was the mainstream to date, to individual travel, and there has been an increase in the number of cars rented by visitors as a means of transportation. The use of rental cars improves access to rural areas and is being promoted as a means of transportation. However, if a natural disaster occurs while driving a rental car, then the individual may face difficulties owing to a lack of local support. Therefore, the traffic volume on the roads used by foreign visitors to Japan during certain periods needs to be estimated in advance as well as the natural disaster risks that exist on those roads. In this study, we utilized CEP data managed by the Central Nippon Expressway Company in Japan to identify the risk of disaster for foreign visitors to Japan who use expressways with rental cars. The CEP data has usage records of foreign visitors to Japan who used rental cars on expressways in the Chubu region of Japan during the period from 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019. Using this data, we calculated the risk of earthquake and landslide disasters. Result of this analysis, it is clear that the risk of earthquake disasters is high on expressways in the Tokai region, and the risk of landslide disasters is high on expressways in mountainous areas.


Tuberculosis ( TB ) is a contagious infectious disease that is a big cause of death. Case detection rate and cure rate of TB at the provincial level in Indonesia has yet to reach the global target. One component of TB DOTS namely the supervisors to take medication. Expected supervisors to take medication can function well in accordance with his duties as a PMO is to give a boost to the patient , remind patients to take medication , and sputum checked regularly. This type of research is descriptive qualitative approach with interviews and observations. Researcher get 12 samples from supervisors to take medication population who live at home with TB patients and patients with tuberculosis by using purposive sampling technique. Researchers also found that most of the supervisors to take medication for TB patients who are in the working area of the Tambang health center function well .


In this study we have investigated the relationship between the field-dependence-independence (FDI) dimension as measured by the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) and subject performance on the Longeot test, a pencil-and-paper Piagetian test, through the open or closed format of its items. The sample consisted of 141 high school students. Correlation and variance analysis show that the FDI dimension and GEFT correlate significantly on only those items on the Longeot test that require formal reasoning. The effect of open- or closed-item format is found exclusively for formal items; only the open format discriminates significantly (at the 0.01 level) between the field-dependent and -independent subjects performing on this type of item. Some implications of these results for science education are discussed.


Autonomous robots typically rely on internal representations of the environment, or maps, to plan and execute their tasks. Several types of maps have been proposed in the literature, and there is g ...


Telc Castle is unique to Czech Heritage and was added to the UNESCO list of cultural monuments in 1992. This paper is an exemplar of the action to be taken in such buildings and will give the reader an appreciation of the scientific understanding and good building practice required to renovate and maintain such structures.


In many languages, loanwords allow patterns that are absent in the native phonology. The phonotactic requirements for loanwords may thus be less restrictive than the ones for the native vocabulary. For instance, native items in Turkish only have voiceless obstruents in codas, while both voiced and voiceless obstruents are found in loanword codas (Inkelas, Orgun, and Zoll 1997). The opposite pattern, in which loanwords only allow a subset of the structures attested in native words, is cross-linguistically rare but attested (Nadasdy 1989, Kawahara, Kohei, and Ono 2003, Kenstowicz 2005). For example, in Latvian, [ae] can only occur in native words, but not in loanwords, where it is replaced by [e], for example, [manxetena] 'Manhattan' (Gelbart 2005). Here, I present the third type of language, in which the sets of native and foreign phonotactic patterns are disjunctive. In Slovenian, there is no overlap between the sets of front vowels appearing before tautosyllabic [R] in native words and in loanwords. Thus, loanwords in Slovenian are more exceptional with respect to native words than previously thought possible. The Slovenian data have implications for the theory of exceptionality. Since the advent of Optimality Theory, exceptional loanword patterns have been modelled using either cophonologies (Inkelas, Orgun, and Zoll 1997, Anttila 2002, Inkelas and Zoll 2007) or indexed constraints (Ito and Mester 1995b, 1999, 2001, Pater 2000, 2007, to appear). Cophonologies allow independent constraint rankings for different groups of words (lexical strata). Indexed constraints, on the other hand, are limited in their domain of application to a particular set of morphemes. Pater (2007, to appear) argues that indexed constraints are more restrictive than cophonologies. The crucial difference between the theories is


Glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) can be divided into penetrating and non-penetrating glaucoma surgery. Non-penetrating glaucoma surgeries (comprising deep sclerostomy and viscocanuloplasty) may have a more favorable risk profile in terms of hypotony-related complications [1] and infections [2]. However, due to its long learning curve and lower efficacy at reducing intraocular pressure (IOP), trabeculectomy remains the gold standard and the most commonly performed GFS [1]. Aqueous shunts have traditionally been used in cases of refractory glaucoma following unsuccessful GFS surgery or in patients at high risk of GFS failure. Over the past decade, there has been marked increase in the development of new glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs). Emerging stents in the context of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) aim to improve the safety of glaucoma surgery without compromising efficacy and promote earlier surgical intervention. MIGS can have ab interno or ab externo approaches, some of which do not require a filtering bleb. Regardless of the type of filtration surgery or placement of devices draining into the subconjunctival or suprachoroidal space, scarring is the predominant cause of surgical failure. MIGS encompass a wide range of procedures utilizing endolasers, electrocautery devices, microcatheters, and stent implants with minimum or no scleral dissection. This editorial will focus on approved GDDs, stents, and anti-scarring therapies in glaucoma surgery.


DILAS has leveraged its industry-leading work in manufacturing low SWaP fiber-coupled modules extending the wavelength range to 793nm for Tm fiber laser pumping. Ideal for medical, industrial and military applications, modules spanning from single emitter-based 9W to TBar-based 200W of 793nm pump power will be discussed. The highlight is a lightweight module capable of <200W of 793nm pump power out of a package weighing < 400 grams. In addition, other modules spanning from single emitter-based 9W to TBar-based 200W of 793nm pump power will be presented. In addition, advances in DPAL modules, emitting at the technologically important wavelengths near 766nm and 780nm, will be detailed. Highlights include a fully microprocessor controlled fiber-coupled module that produces greater than 400W from a 600 micron core fiber and a line width of only 56.3pm. The micro-processor permits the automated center wavelength and line width tuning of the output over a range of output powers while retaining excellent line center and line width stability over time.


On the basis of analysis of mechanism of ocean clutter production, an improved orthogonal vector spectral estimation method based on signal-subspace was proposed to use for the ship target detection with short coherent integration times(CITs) in the offing background. With this method, the sample data correlation matrix of the echo signal is treated by the forward/backward spatial (FB) smoothing technique firstly, and whose eigen-vector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue is arranged as an unsymmetrical matrix by definite rule and there are also signal-subspace and orthogonal subspace in the singular value decomposition of the eigen-matrix, which can be used to ship target detection in the OTHR. Simulations proved that it is of higher resolution, and there is no sidelobes, with which the ship target can be detected efficaciously under the condition of CITs in the offing background.


The present invention provides a method of preparing a nickel passivation solution and the nickel-passivation solution contains the following components: chromic anhydride 1-10g / L, phosphoric acid 30-100g / L, 20-50g dimethylformamide / L, methyltriethoxysilane 1-10g / L. The present invention further provides a method of using nickel passivation solution of the nickel surface passivation. Nickel passivation solution provided by the present invention, capable of forming a stable and lasting passivation layer on the surface layer of nickel, resistant to salt spray time is greatly extended. Meanwhile, a nickel passivating solution of the present invention provides a hexavalent chromium lower, safety and environmental protection.


Scope Over the past few years, the concepts of business models and ecosystems have been   increasingly used by practitioners and academics alike, in particular, for the latter, in the literature   related to Internet Economy, Innovation Management, Complexity and Evolutionary Economics.    The disruptive changes brought about by ICTs and the Internet have made these emerging  concepts of critical importance in the Digital Economy.


Maryanne Cline Horowitz, editor, Race, Class and Gender in Wth-Century Culture. No. Ill, Library of the History of Ideas. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 1991. Pp. xix + 319.


This study tries to find out whether job satisfaction, Locus Of Control and organizational commitment influence the performance of Kepahiang District education office employees. Data collection in the study used a questionnaire method distributed to 100 employees of the Kepahiang District Education Office. While the analysis is done by processing data using SPSS. The results of the F test indicate that job satisfaction, locus of control and organizational commitment, simultaneously have a significant effect on the performance of employees of job satisfaction and locus of control. The results of the Job Satisfaction t test have a significant positive effect on the performance of Kepahiang District Education Office employees. The Locus Of control t test results have a significant positive effect on the performance of Kepahiang District Education Office employees. The t-test results of Organizational Commitment have a significant positive effect on the performance of Kepahiang District Education Office employees. This means one, two and three hypotheses are accepted. It is recommended for Education staff to be able to make efforts to improve and improve job satisfaction, locus of control, organizational commitment and employee performance to create a comfortable working conditions
Keywords : Work Satisfaction, Locus Of Control, Organizational Commitments,Performance of Employees


The author discusses a new synthesis method for a sparse neural network (NN). It is assumed that the structure of the NN is fixed. The mapping from each bit of the data to a neuron is considered, which is called a BN-mapping. There are three steps in this method. In the first step, BN-mapping is decided. In the second step, the weights are decided. And in the third step, the weights and BN-mapping are modified.<<ETX>>


The history of high level nuclear waste vitrification in France is told, from the first research on the solidification of fission product solutions led by Roger Bonniaud at Saclay in the 1950s, up to the last incineration/vitrification processes still under development in Marcoule. The first pilot facilities, Gulliver and PIVER in Marcoule, opened the way for industrial development, beginning with the Marcoule vitrification facility (AVM) commissioned by COGEMA (now AREVA) in 1978, and followed by the start-up of two vitrification units at La Hague in 1989 (R7) and 1992 (T7), and the implementation of a cold crucible melter on one of the six La Hague vitrification lines in 2010. Looking back over more than half a century reveals some of the keys to French success in this area: a major program of sustained and continuing research (rather than by fits and starts); continuous interaction between "material definition", "technological research" and "long-term behaviour"; and strong synergy with industry (AREVA) leading to the creation of a Joint Vitrification Laboratory in 2010. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of SumGLASS 2013. Keyword: Nuclear waste ; glass , vitrification ; Fission Product Solutions ; France ; Cold Crucible Induction Melter 1. The birth of the French vitrification Fission product solutions began to accumulate after the Second World War in all the countries where nuclear fuel was reprocessed for defense purposes (USA, USSR, UK, and France). These highly radioactive and very * Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 466 79 63 72; fax: +33 466 79 66 17. E-mail address: email@example.com Published by Elsevier Lt . This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/byc-nd/3.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientifi c committee of SumGLASS 2013 4 Étienne Vernaz and Jérôme Bruezière / Procedia Materials Science 7 ( 2014 ) 3 – 9 complex solutions containing some 40 chemical elements must be continuously stirred and cooled to dissipate their thermal power. Conserving them in the liquid state is not a sustainable option, and France quickly began to examine solidification processes. The first research on the solidification of fission product solutions began at Saclay in the 1950s, led by Roger Bonniaud. The program began by attempting to produce synthetic minerals such as phlogopite mica, but glass soon proved to be the only material capable of immobilizing all the elements present in such complex solutions. The first radioactive glass was synthesized at laboratory scale at Saclay in 1957 (Fig.1), then in 1964 at Fontenay-aux-Roses. Radioactive glass was produced at a larger scale (10 kg) in the 1960s at Marcoule by a sol-gel process in the Gulliver cell. Fig. 1. First Vulcain cell in Saclay Fig.2. Piver viewed from the main window By 1968 the PIVER facility (Fig.2) in the Marcoule Pilot Plant was capable of vitrifying high-activity solutions (fission products from natural uranium graphite gas reactor, as well as from Phenix fast reactor) at semi-industrial scale (200 kg); glass was melted by batch, in a metal melter, heated by induction. Between 1969 and 1973, 25 m of solution were vitrified, producing 12 tons of highly active glass (1.5 10 Bq). PIVER received international recognition with the ANS Nuclear Historic Landmark Award in 1989. 2. The vitrification increase This achievement opened the way for industrial development, beginning with the Marcoule vitrification facility (AVM) commissioned by COGEMA (now AREVA) in 1978. The AVM process (Fig.3) is a two-step process where the fission product solution is continuously introduced in a calciner and where the glass is melted in a metallic furnace heated by induction. 5 Étienne Vernaz and Jérôme Bruezière / Procedia Materials Science 7 ( 2014 ) 3 – 9 Fig.3. Two-step calciner / hot crucible French vitrification process The success of AVM, which began to empty the fission product solution tanks at Marcoule, made it possible to confidently consider vitrification of the fission product solutions produced in the reprocessing plant then under construction at La Hague. This plant, associated with the development of commercial nuclear power in France, was designed to reprocess virtually all the spent fuel from the 58 French pressurized water reactors, as well as an equivalent amount of spent fuel from international partners. AVM did not have sufficient capacity to meet these needs, and CEA research was intensified to address the new commercial vitrification requirements. This technological research increased the capacity of the existing process, allowing the start-up of two vitrification units at La Hague: R7 (1989) and T7 (1992) with 3 vitrification lines in each (fig 4). Fig.4. Hot cells vitrification lines in R7 or T7 This two-step process (calcination, and vitrification) was then sold to the British (BNFL) that started the Sellafield vitrification plant in 1990. 3. Tailored glasses Research also focused on the material itself: glass. Fission Product Solutions produced at La Hague by PWRs fuel processing are very different Marcoule solutions issued from GCRs fuel, and requires the development of new glasses. † Pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are the nuclear power plants operated today in France ‡ Gas-Cooled Reactors (GCRs) that was the first generation of nuclear reactor used in France. 6 Étienne Vernaz and Jérôme Bruezière / Procedia Materials Science 7 ( 2014 ) 3 – 9 Developing a high-quality glass suitable for production at industrial scale from a process solution containing not less than 40 different chemical elements is no small feat. The combined influence of all elements of glass on a range of properties has been be studied (Fig. 4): homogeneity, melting temperature, viscosity, phase separation, crystallization, leaching, radiation effects, etc.. The program resulted in the definition of "R7T7" glass, which remains today a reference for its confinement quality. Fig.5. Development of glass composition-The key role of an integrated approach 4. Glass long-term behaviour Further research addressed the long-term behaviour of the glass, leading to the development of a true science of long-term behaviour that has been progressively applied to all kind of matrices developed for geological disposal (cement, bitumen, metal containers, spent fuel, etc.). Glasses doped with short-lived actinides (Cm, Pu) allow "accelerated aging" producing within a few years the radiation effects that occur in 10,000 years at an industrial glass. Other studies focus on the thermal stability and allow to show that 400 kg glass blocks which have not crystallized during their cooling does not crystallize over thousands of years at low temperatures. A very large number of studies were also conducted to understand all the mechanisms of glasses alteration by water. All these long-term behaviour studies (Fig. 5) were highly amplified and put on the front of the stage by the Nuclear Waste Act of December 1991, as the survey authority attaches great importance to the proof of the good glass long-term behaviour in deep geological disposal. Fig.6. Long-term behaviour studies including active and inactive tests, as well as modelling. Scores of PhD dissertations and hundreds of publications have laid the groundwork for robust glass alteration models supported by a broad network of joint international programs. "Operational models" that are reasonably conservative with respect to all related uncertainties have been developed for each matrix. Today they guarantee minimum performance values for specified glasses under specific environmental conditions. Solubility (Cr, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ce, Pu, SO4, Cl) Phase separation (Mo, SO4, Cl, P) Devitrification (Mo, P, F, Mg, ...) Maximize the waste loading 2 Process / Technology Ease of processing Melting temperature Viscosity, reactivity, residence time, Electrical cond., thermal cond. Additives needed 3 Glass performance Properties for storage/disposal Thermal stability Chemical durability Resistance to self irradiation Mechanical properties 1 – Ability to accommodate the waste


The objective of this paper is to present a model of product stratification in which operational, marketing and financial aspects is considered. The guidelines which encompass this work's development analyses the difficulty management of hundreds of items with specific characteristics in order to achieve high patterns in market service and profitability to the company's businesses, simultaneously. When not considering multiple criteria of stratification, the management of products led to distortion of results. The combination of the different criteria suggests a model of stratification to help decision-making for sales and operations planning (S&OP). The analysis of the stratified products enables the elaboration of measures in the order to create stock and sale polices and improves the business profitability. The research is focused at final products of the electronics segment, commercialized both directly to the final consumer and indirectly through distributors and resale. A business unit of a multinational company operating in the electric sector, with headquarter in São Paulo, Brazil, was adopted for the development of this research.


The field of retrospective justice has spawned interesting scholarship on the complexities of redress for histories of slavery and Jim Crow, including reparation, official apologies, judicial remedies, and truth commissions. Although numerous studies of Jim Crow in the South have captured the social, economic, and political dynamics of the practice, in the realm of retrospective justice, adequate attention has not yet been given to the massive failure of criminal law enforcement agencies, state and federal, to respond to homicidal racial violence. Still underexplored are the patterns and prevalence of the violence, the specifics of federal/state collaboration, and the character of community resistance. This essay is based on a larger project that examines these questions; the project uses legal case studies to develop a comprehensive and qualitatively rich account of racial homicides in the 1930s and 1940s. and to engage affected communities in restorative justice practices. This particular study describes a range of harms, with a particular focus on homicide, experienced by soldiers and veterans in their encounters with Jim Crow transportation in the World War II era, and it argues that the incidence of violence was sufficiently acute and widespread so as to warrant current remedial measures, including official investigation and appropriate acknowledgment of government failures.


Mathos seems to have sent reinforcements around now, while Hanno's strength stayed the same or fewer. Equally important, Spendius arrived to take charge. With 15,000 men he refocussed rebel energies on Utica. In fact, with their captured artillery they could now mount a regular siege of the town. Spendius simultaneously could keep Hanno at bay with part of his forces, either some of the fifteen thousand or other troops if these were available. Meantime the rebels in the 'city' at the Bagradas bridge, on Polybius' evidence, now totalled at least 10,000. Hanno and his army were sidelined if not stalemated. At any rate they drop out of Polybius' narrative for quite a while. It is not at all plausible that they marched or sailed back to Carthage, and that Hamilcar then took over and led out part of the same army again. Keywords: Bagradas bridge; Carthage; Hamilcar; Hanno; Mathos; Polybius; Spendius; Utica


A convenient, regio- and stereoselective direct route to optically pure unusually fused or bridged tricyclic β-lactams has been developed by use of intramolecular nitrone–alkene cycloaddition (INAC) reactions of easily available monocyclic 2-azetidinone-tethered alkenylaldehydes as the key synthetic step. The regioselectivity of the cycloaddition can be tuned by moving the alkene substituent from N1 to C3 on the 2-azetidinone ring. In addition, some simple, interesting transformations were tested on representative examples of the different types of tricyclic systems prepared, in order to demonstrate their potential as intermediates in the preparation of differently polyfunctionalized compounds, including carbacepham derivatives and related unconventional bicyclic systems containing medium-sized rings fused to the β-lactam nucleus, as well as several types of cyclic β-amino acid derivatives. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)


The electromagnetic method of blood flow measurement has many advantagesl 2 which make it particularly suitable -for the investigation of the complex hemo-dynamic problems of the coronary circulation. Flow may be measured in unopened arteries, obviating the need for cannulation, trauma to the vessel, and anticoagu-lants. are


This paper firstly proposed four assumptions on the relationship between job satisfaction and performance of RD workers, and then made an empirical research on the assumptions. The result shows that: to the task performance, extrinsic job satisfaction induces performance which in turn induces intrinsic job satisfaction, and the former influence exceeds the latter; to the contextual performance, intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction both induces contextual performance, and the former influence exceeds the latter.


In this article we discuss the specifics of reading fluency and provide suggestions for identifying when reading is fluent and when it is not. We then discuss the important role that reading fluency plays in the attainment of literacy achievement and briefly review research results that highlight the relationship between fluency and comprehension. This is followed by a discussion of reading fluency and comprehension data gathered by one of the authors in India that highlight the possibilities for the acquisition of fluent reading in those learning English as a second language. Following a review of strategies to assist middle and secondary teachers with the development of fluent reading in their students, we conclude with a discussion of word study strategies that promote syllabic and morphemic analysis. Such strategies aid readers in the development of word automaticity and encourage the development of fluent reading.


Purpose: This study was conducted to find out interrelation of health behavior and related variables to provide basic data for an effective health promotion for the taxi-divers. Methods: 293 male taxi-drivers from 2 cities in Korea participated in this study. The data were collected using questionnaires from April 17th to Jun 3rd, 2006, and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression. Results: There were statistically significant differences according to monthly income, past illness or surgery, current disease or medication, frequency of fright on daily driving (FFDD), driving fatigue, working style, social support in health status; current disease or medication, FFDD, driving fatigue, duty shift, social support in health perception; body mass index (BMI), FFDD, driving fatigue, intention of changing job, social support in health behavior. Social support, health status, health perception, and health behavior were significantly correlated with one another. The multiple regression analysis showed that health perception (17.8%), BMI (6.8%), intention of changing job (5.7%), and driving fatigue (4.2%) explained the 34.5% variance of health behavior. And the 22.6% of variance of health perception was explained by social support (12.2%), health status (6.9%), and duty shift (3.2%). Conclusions: To promote the taxi-drivers' health, nursing intervention strategies unique for them should consider health behavior and affecting factors.


This study reviews and analyzes the investment behavior and performance of emerging market MNEs operating in China. The primary findings suggest that the investment behavior of emerging market MNEs differs significantly from that of developed country MNEs and the performance implications varies enormously between developed and emerging market MNEs.


It will be shown that intense laser beam is an effective tool for micro and nanostructuring of diamond materials: single crystal, poly and nanocrystalline diamond, amorphous diamond-like coatings. Major properties of these materials, such as optical absorbtion and thermal conduction, will be briefly presented.


Most data mining tools are based on two technologies – machine learning and visualization (visual representation of information). Bayesian networks allow to combine these two technologies. From a mathematical point of view, Bayesian networks are a model for representing probabilistic dependencies as well as the absence of these dependencies. Development of methods to reduce the computational complexity in the construction of models of Bayes networks is relevant and in demand.


The last taboo — still taboo Spring has come to South London and a strange sound fills the air. Not the thwack of leather on willow, nor the whirr of lawnmower blade on long winter grass. It is the deafening silence of thousands of New Library World readers on the book selection/censorship debate. In my last column (Mar 86) I called the subject "the last taboo", and it seems that for most library workers the subject is still taboo; too difficult and threatening to be discussed; capable of arousing strong feelings and painful emotions, anathema to many librarians.


The trade-off involving capacity and interference in wireless networks, using the metric transmission capacity, is investigated. Particularly, it is shown that this metric appropriately captures the effects of this trade-off, and can be used to select the combination of modulation scheme/coding scheme that maximises the transmission efficiency of a wireless ad hoc network modelled as a homogeneous Poisson point process.


Ambroxol HCl is a mucolytic agent often used to treat respiratory disorders associated with excess mucus secretion. This study aims to determine the beyond-use date (BUD) of ambroxol HCl syrup on the market based on analysis of the decrease in drug content using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) – UV/Vis detector. The HPLC conditions were reversed-phase with a C18 column, mobile phase containing acetonitrile - phosphate buffer 0.05 M pH 4.5 (60:40) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min using UV detection at 248 nm. To determine BUD, five syrup preparations (brands) obtained from the Jakarta area were analyzed in triplicate. The retention time for ambroxol HCl was 4.62 minutes. In the validation, ambroxol HCl showed good linearity with r = 0.99985 in the 6 to 36 µg/ml. LOD and LOQ for ambroxol HCl were 0.74 µg/ml and 2.25 µg/ml, respectively. It is also fulfilled the accuracy and precision parameters with a % recovery from 99.04% to 100.94% and CV<2%. This method meets the requirements according to the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines and can be used for the assay of ambroxol HCl syrup. The ambroxol HCl level on all samples was still higher than 90% (until the 36th day). Normality test data result indicated that data must be divided into two groups that are sample A and B, and sample C, D, and E. In conclusion, the extrapolation result showed that the BUD ambroxol HCl syrup was 83 days for sample A and B, and 49 days for sample C, D, and E.


Ethnographic Action Research is a methodology that combines research with project development. It has been designed for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) initiatives. Ethnographic Action Research is built into an initiative so that it becomes an important tool for understanding and further developing the initiative in its local context. This handbook is designed to train EAR researchers to continually develop and deepen their understandings of communication in local contexts. A well trained EAR researcher will share this knowledge with colleagues to develop the ICT initiative's programme accordingly. A well trained EAR researcher will ensure that there are high levels of participation in both research activities and the programmes of the ICT initiative.


Carbon footprint is the term that identifies the amount of carbon in the atmosphere emitted by individuals, companies or any type of activity, such as agricultural production. Production chains increasingly need research and actions to mitigate the damage caused to the environment by the emission of greenhouse gases, such as research and actions to adopt methods that sequester these gases from the atmosphere to achieve carbon neutrality. The objective of the article was to carry out a bibliometric study on scientific production, in international journals from the Scopus base, to visualize the trend of research on the topic of carbon footprint and sustainability applied to aquaculture. Research methodology is quantitative, the terms carbon footprint, sustainability and aquaculture were searched in the SCOPUS article base. Research results showed 631 articles, the first article dated 2009 and showed a growing scientific interest in the subject. The conclusion of the study points to the importance of studying solutions to achieve sustainable aquaculture.


Experimental inoculation with Trichophyton rubrum performed in 15 patients with pemphigus vulgaris or related dermatoses (bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis and pemphigus Senear Usher) gave positive results in 13 cases, as proved by the gross dermatological picture, microscopy and retroculture. Inoculation in 15 disease‐free controls gave no positive results whatsoever. In vitro studies of the same strains of T. rubrum with various concentrations of hydrocortisone showed no significant changes in either the macroscopic or microscopic morphology of the fungus or its rate of growth, indicating that the systemic administration of hydrocortisone in these patients does not constitute a contributing factor to their greater susceptibility to infection. The factors possibly involved are discussed briefly.


Sandy everlasting, Helichrysum arenarium, a perennial belonging to Asteraceae family, is a source of valuable herbal material and therefore is under partial protection in Poland. It grows in sunny places on sandy soils, in abandoned fields, along roadsides and in dry forests and thickets, where it enters into symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The studies on the biology, ecology and cultivation of sandy everlasting have been vigorously pursued since 2003. The aim of this work was assessing the influence of root colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and development of H. arenarium cultivated on clayey soil. Two independent experiments (in the pots and in field) were performed. In the first one, under laboratory conditions, the effect of inoculation of soil with arbuscular fungus Glomus intraradices on the biometric features of sandy everlasting seedlings was analyzed. The second experiment was designed to show the association of the root colonisation level with the biometric features of generative shoots grown in an open field. It was demonstrated that sandy clay is an appropriate medium for growing sandy everlasting, enabling a proper development of seedlings and ensuring high inflorescence yield. The amendment of soil with inoculum resulted in a significant decrease in the mass of vegetative and generative shoot parts and made the cultivation more expensive. The inflorescence yield (Inflorescentia Helichrysi) obtained from inoculated plots was lower by 36%.


Objective To investigate the relationship between rapists and related allele genes based on the analysis of 15 short tandem repeats (STRs) loci genetic polymorphism. Methods The method of Genome-wide scan was being used. Buccal swab samples of 129 rapists and 156 random populations were collected and PCR compound amplification was carried out with the aid of AmpFISTR Identifiler system. Then the products were subjected to electrophoresis and gene detection with AB13100 type gene analysis system so as to calculate and compare the alleles of 15 STRs gene frequency in the two groups. Results All the 15 STRs loci allele gene frequency in rapists and random population was found to coincide with Hardy-Weinberg law(P>0. 05). Allele 28 of D21S11 (rapists: 1.55% ,control group:5. 13%) ,allele22 of FGA(rapists:24.03% ,control group:16.99%),allele23 of FGA(rapists: 17.05% ,control group:26.28%) ,allele 10 of TH01(rapists:1.16% ,control group:4.17%) ,allele 8 of TPOX(rapists:55.77% ,control group:63.77%),allele 12 of TPOX(rapists:4.26% ,control group: 1.28%) were different between the two groups (P 0.05). Conclusion Allele 28 of D21 S11,allele 22 and 23 of FGA, allele 10 of TH01, allele 8 and 12 of TPOX may be associated with the violent crime of rape. It is suggested that there are existing sensitive or resistance genes about the violent crime of rape in chromosome 2,4,11,21.

Key words:
Rapist; Short tandem repeats (STRs) ; Human chromosome; Association study


Preparedness Management to face disaster Sumedang Regional Government in synergy with the TNI / Polri, Basarnas, BPBD, and Disaster Volunteers. Data from the Sumedang BPBD in 2019 approximately 326 events, the highest disasters were fires, landslides and floods. The purpose of this study was to determine community preparedness with a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The process of collecting data is by observation, interview and documentation. The results of the study there are 4 items: organizational elements, counseling and training, disaster mitigation, risk, danger, vulnerability, ability, and 4 stages of training. A study of these four items is very useful for communities in potential disaster areas.
Keywords: Management, Preparedness and Potential Disasters.


We propose an optimal radar pulse compression technique and evaluate its performance in the presence of Doppler shift. The traditional pulse compression using Barker code increases the signal strength by transmitting a Barker coded long pulse. The received signal is then processed by an appropriate correlation processing. This Barker code radar pulse compression enhances the detection sensitivity while maintaining the range resolution of a single chip of the Barker coded long pulse. But unfortunately, the technique suffers from the addition of range sidelobes which sometimes will mask weak targets in the vicinity of larger targets. Our proposed optimal algorithm completely eliminates the sidelobes at the cost of additional processing.


Influenced by Sachs' (2001) 'activist identity' I propose that pre-service teacher education or initial teacher education (ITE), as I will refer to it, could, and indeed should, encourage a new form of teacher; the 'teacher-agent.'  This teacher-agent would be aware of the pressures and dictates of the neo-liberal educational culture and its ensuing performative discourse, and choose to resist it, in favour of a more holistic view of education. This view of education encourages inclusive, creative and democratic forms of education concerned with encouraging a social conscience in children and young people, as well as seeing education as concerned with the whole child.  These more holistic approaches to education could include pedagogical approaches such as Philosophy for Children (P4C), Rights' Respecting Education and Slow Pedagogy, which can not only provide a more balanced understanding and deeper experience of education for both teachers and pupils, but can also help teachers to resist the debilitating impact of the neo-liberal performative discourse, potentially also thus impacting on their wellbeing and ability to retain their integrity as professionals.  This may also have the potential to halt the rapid exodus of new teachers from the profession. It is my contention, that engaging with pedagogies such as P4C in this new iteration of ITE could help not only to encourage the Student Teacher-Agent, but also, as a consequence, develop the Citizen-Agent in the children they are teaching. In this paper I consider four key areas where I propose P4C could play a role in this alternative model of Initial Teacher Education; Democracy in action, the teacher as Teacher-Facilitator, a space for co-construction of knowledge, and encouraging Social Justice.


Background: Incidence of younger age Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is increasing worldwide. This study was aimed to ascertain plasma PAI-1 as an independent biomarker in STEMI, Quantification and Establishing the indicative evidence range of Plasma PAI-1 and ascertaining it's correlation with CK-MB in young south Indian ethnics. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at MGMGH, Tiruchirapalli. Study subjects includes 40 Patients with typical chest pain, shows ST Elevation in ECG, rise in CK-MB and without any other risk factors of AMI. 40 age and sex matched control subjects were studied at the same time. Plasma PAI-1 (ELISA KIT-KOCH 3071) was assayed within six months of sample collection. Analysis of Serum Urea, Creatinine, Glucose, Lipid Profile, CK-MB and others risk factors of AMI was done on admission. Statistics was analyzed using SPSS -19.0. Results: There was a positive significance association observed in plasma PAI-1 (P ≤ 0.001), Serum Urea: P ≤ 0.001, Serum Glucose: P ≤ 0.04, Serum AST: P ≤ 0.001, Serum CK-MB: P ≤ 0. 001 and Serum HDL: P ≤ 0.008 between patients and control subjects. The Mean and SD of plasma PAI-1 for patients and Controls are 3450.76 ± 1406.68 and 1966.03 ± 1406.68. Furthermore an inverse association observed between plasma PAI-1 and HDL level. Conclusion: This study statistically confirmed the independent association between STEMI and plasma PAI-1 and established its analytical range as 3000-5000 pg/ml, wherein, it is 10002000 pg/ml for controls also observed the inverse association of Plasma PAI-1 with serum HDL levels.


Background: Osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disorder caused by deficiency of Vitamin D and its active metabolites. Design and Setting: A retrospective hospital-based study, conducted at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in the period January 1990 and December 2014. Material and Methods:Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Various data analysis including detailed history, physical examination, various laboratory investigations and radiological studies. The diagnosis of osteomalacia was based on clinical, radiological and biochemical data. Results: Twenty-three adolescents were diagnosed with osteomalacia in the period under review. There were various etiologic diagnosis, with nutritional deficiency being the most common. Non-specific symptoms, such as bone pains and aches were the most presenting symptoms and signs. Milk and dairy consumption was generally low. The sun exposure was minimum and the majority of activities are indoor. Conclusion:A high prevalence of osteomalacia in our adolescent population. Although, nutritional deficiency is being the most common cause which indicates the importance of establishing a preventive measures, however, malabsorption such as celiac disease, or intake of any other drug interfering with Vit. D metabolism, such as anti-epileptic drugs should be seriously considered. Routine serological screening (anti-endomyseal antibodies) for celiac disease, and patients on long-term anti-epileptic medications, should be routinely screened for secondary osteomalacia.


The relationship between environment and health status has attracted intensive attention in recent years. However, limited studies have focused on environmental protection expenditure on health status. This study empirically tests the links of environmental protection expenditure with health status for 20 European countries over the period 1995-2019. For empirical analysis, this study used panel quantile regression. The empirical results show that while environmental protection expenditure, GDP, and education help to ameliorate health status, CO2 emissions worse health status. Hence, efficient environmental protection expenditure and environmental policies must align with strategies to improve health status.


Rubrics for key performance assessments used in support of program approval and/or accreditation must be carefully designed to ensure content validity and promote high levels of accuracy, consistency, and fairness in assessing performance. In the case of rubrics used for key assessments in teacher preparation programs, special care must be taken to clearly distinguish the critical break point between meeting and not meeting performance standards associated with initial certification guidelines. This article presents a strategy for developing rubrics with these special characteristics in mind. Examples are provided that are specific to teacher preparation in Florida based on the Florida Educator Accomplished Practices (FEAP) as well as more broadly applicable on a national scale.


This paper presents the novel particle swarm optimization technique to determine the optimum switching angles of multilevel converters so as to produce the required fundamental voltage while at the same time not generate lower order harmonics. This optimization method is applied to transcendental equations characterizing the harmonic content to minimize low order harmonics. All set of solutions are found for seven and eleven levels inverters to show the simplicity and effectiveness of proposed method.


As privacy controversies have become more salient since the early 1980s, one response by policy makers has been to try to encourage consumers to demand privacy protection, by expecting goods and services to be designed with privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) embedded in them. But what scope is there for this? Conventional approaches to understanding consumer demand for privacy protection have not been very helpful in providing robust accounts of when consumers will want which kinds of protection. This paper offers a neo-Durkheimian institutionalist theoretical account of the roots of consumer preferences for privacy and services with PETs in particular, which yields testable hypotheses for future research. It grounds preferences in risk perceptions, shows how distinct styles of risk perceptions are the result of distinct types of situation in social organisation, and derives typical demand curves for each of these types, before exploring the extent of mobility of preferences predicted by the theory, which in turn provides the basis for understanding the scope for persuading consumers to demand privacy-respecting services of different types. Rooted in the sociology of knowledge and in anthropological approaches, the argument represents a challenge to psychometric, naive empiricist and postmodernist accounts, and it offers a distinct research agenda. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications Ltd.


The present invention is a novel member of the hematopoietin receptor polypeptide family, HPR2 polypeptide of HPR1 and human and mouse of human and mouse; encoding HPR1 and / or HPR2 polypeptide; a method for making such HPR1 and HPR2 polypeptides how to use the HPR1 or HPR2 polypeptide to identify HPR1 or HPR2 polypeptide activity is modified compounds; endogenous genomic sequence partially or completely inactivated non-human mammal and, hematopoietin receptor the preparation of a medicament to conditions associated with the body functions, and / or to a method of treating it.


Reusser, D. A., and Lee II, H. 2008. Predictions for an invaded world: a strategy to predict the distribution of native and non-indigenous species at multiple scales. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 742-745.Habitat models can be used to predict the distributions of marine and estuarine non-indigenous species (NIS) over several spatial scales. At an estuary scale, our goal is to predict the estuaries most likely to be invaded, but at a habitat scale, the goal is to predict the specific locations within an estuary that are most vulnerable to invasion. As an initial step in evaluating several habitat models, model performance for a suite of benthic species with reasonably well-known distributions on the Pacific coast of the US needs to be compared. We discuss the utility of non-parametric multiplicative regression (NPMR) for predicting habitat- and estuary-scale distributions of native and NIS. NPMR incorporates interactions among variables, allows qualitative and categorical variables, and utilizes data on absence as well as presence. Preliminary results indicate that NPMR generally performs well at both spatial scales and that distributions of NIS are predicted as well as those of native species. For most species, latitude was the single best predictor, although similar model performance could be obtained at both spatial scales with combinations of other habitat variables. Errors of commission were more frequent at a habitat scale, with omission and commission errors approximately equal at an estuary scale.


The development of trade and communication technologies impact on economic processes and accelerate the interaction processes. The article considers modern transport and logistics projects on the Eurasian continent, both rail and sea, reveals the development trends of air transport. The main attention is paid to the impact of such projects on the economic growth of the countries of the region and international processes. The article reflects the key stages of the implementation of the Chinese project "One Belt One Road" in Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The final conclusion of the article is an idea that the intensive development of transport communications is important for raising national economies, transport arteries should be constructed not only within the country, but also on the Eurasian continent. The article has a practical importance for government departments, organizations and experts related to the study of geo-economic processes and up making decisions in the field of public administration.


For pragmatic reasons, cost-effectiveness analyses performed for NICE Clinical Guidelines use a piecemeal approach, evaluating only selected aspects of diagnosis, treatment or care. A Whole Pathway approach, considering diagnosis-to-death, may provide more realistic estimates of costs and health outcomes, taking account of the healthcare context and individual risk factors, history and choices for patients with long-term conditions. A patient-level DES model using the characteristics of 12,766 real patients was created to reflect the NICE guideline for Atrial Fibrillation. Of eight topics suggested for inclusion in an update of the guideline, the model was capable of fully answering four topics, and partially answering two topics. The remaining topics were beyond the scope of the model. The model was used by NICE in their recent update of the Atrial Fibrillation Clinical Guidelines.


In microprocessor system diagnosis, temporal reasoning of event changes occurring at imprecisely known time instants is an important issue. The time range approach was proposed to capture the notion of time imprecision in event occurrence. According to this concept, efficient time range constraint reasoning techniques were developed for embedding domain knowledge in a deep level constraint model. The imprecision in these events contributes to a certain degree of uncertainty in the correctness of a microprocessor system operation. A knowledge based diagnostic system for microprocessor systems design was designed and developed. The system performs worst case timing analysis. In particular, for the asynchronous bus operation of the MC68000 microprocessor, the sequence of events during a read cycle was traced through an inference process to determine if any constraint in the model was violated Although satisfactory results were obtained, the possibility measures implicitly embedded within time ranges were not properly quantified for effective temporal reasoning. To overcome this shortcoming, the fuzzy time point model is proposed. The original time range representation, specified by two crisp interval end points, is replaced by the fuzzy time point representation that is specified by a single fuzzy value. The degree of fuzziness of a fuzzy time point has dependency on the functional specification of the corresponding timing parameter. The use of simplistic assumptions on the fuzzy time point model has been shown to enhance the deductive capability of the existing time range models.


When the spatial density of both prey and predators is very low, the problem they face may be modelled as a two-person game (called a 'search game') between one member of each type. Following recent models of search and pursuit, we assume the prey has a fixed number of heterogeneous 'hiding' places (for example, ice holes for a seal to breathe) and that the predator (maybe polar bear) has the time or energy to search a fixed number of these. If he searches the actual hiding location and also successfully pursues the prey there, he wins the game. If he fails to find the prey, he loses. In this paper, we modify the outcome in the case that he finds but does not catch the prey. The prey is now vulnerable to capture while relocating with risk depending on the intervening terrain. This generalizes the original games to a stochastic game framework, a first for search and pursuit games. We outline a general solution and also compute particular solutions. This modified model now has implications for the question of when to stay or leave the lair and by what routes. In particular, we find the counterintuitive result that in some cases adding risk of predation during prey relocation may result in more relocation. We also model the process by which the players can learn about the properties of the different hiding locations and find that having to learn the capture probabilities is favourable to the prey.


OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to estimate the radiation dose for a dental spectral cone-beam CT (SCBCT) unit at different scanning parameters.

METHODS
Radiation dose measurements were performed for a commercially available dental SCBCT. Scans were obtained at different exposure times and fields of view (FOV), both for non-spectral (25 × 18 cm, 14 × 18 cm, 14 × 12 cm, 9 × 9 cm, 6 × 6 cm) and spectral modes (14 × 18 cm, 14 × 12 cm, 9 × 9 cm, 6 × 6 cm) with the tube voltage alternating between 80 and 110 kV for spectral mode, and fixed at 110 kV for non-spectral mode. An ion chamber was used for air kerma and dose area product (DAP) measurements. The effective dose was estimated based on the mAs using previously published logarithmic curves for CBCT units with a similar X-ray spectrum.

RESULTS
The adult effective dose, in non-spectral mode, was 44-269µSv for small FOVs, 131-336µSv for the medium FOV, and 163-476µSv for the large FOV. In spectral mode, the estimated adult effective doses were 96-206µSv for small, 299µSv for medium and 372µSv for large FOV protocols. Pediatric effective doses were estimated to be 75% higher than corresponding adult doses.

CONCLUSION
SCBCT showed comparable doses with other CBCT devices, but DAP values were generally above currently published DRLs. Spectral imaging might allow for artefact reduction at comparable dose levels, which should be assessed in further image quality studies at both a technical and diagnostic level.


Some simple testing methods for identification of bacteria in activated sludge by using 511 bacterial isolates were evaluated, and the following results were obtained.(1) Compared with the Gram staining method, the caustic potash method (Ryu's method) was equally reliable, easier and less troublesome.(2) Three kinds of motility test methods were compared; (i) cultivation with semi-solid medium, (ii) microscopic examination and (iii) staining of bacterial flagella. The agreement of the test results between (i) and (ii), and between (ii) and (iii) were 89.8% and 69.6%, respectively. The microscopic examination method was the easiest and most reliable.(3) Three kinds of cytochrome oxidase reagents from different suppliers were tested and compared: one was the dropper-type reagent which seals Kovac's reagent in an ampule and is used by dropping it on a filter paper streaked with bacteria. The other two were filter paper-type reagents which contain Kovac's reagent in a filter paper and are used by rubbing bacteria with a platinum loop. The agreement of the results by three test reagents was 85.4%.


Simultaneous observations of high resolution spectra of CaII H, K, have been made over a sunspot umbra (SPO 5007) by means of Sacramento Peak Observatory's HIRKHAD program with the Echelle spectrograph at the Vacuum Tower Telescope. The observed spectra scanned by SPO's fast microphotometer have been reduced for later theoretical interpretations. The reduced profiles, sampled over a region which is thought to be coolest over the spot, are presented in units of absolute intensity. The core intensity ratios of arc found to be 1.3 and 1.14, respectively.


In order to understand the thoughts of Leibniz it is important to stop putting Leibniz into the convenient pigeon-hole of rationalist, and stop thinking of him merely as the metaphysician and constructor of systems so vividly ridiculed by Voltaire in Candide. Most important of all, one should not attempt to see Leibniz's philosophy as a completely articulated and integrated whole or as built on three or five metaphysical and logical principles. It is better to remember that Leibniz was a very prolific writer, who was interested in the most varied aspects of philosophy, logic, mathematics, natural science, jurisprudence, history and philology: a man who was constantly trying to work out a large number of heterogeneous theories and thoughts. The collected editions of his writings make up more than twenty thick volumes, and these hardly exhaust his manuscripts. Yet this was a man who published only one book in his lifetime.


We investigate 2-dimensional spatial optical solitons in media exhibiting a large nonlocal response coupled with a self-focusing nonlinearity. To this extent, with reference to a specific system in undoped nematic liquid crystals, we develop a general theory of spatial solitons in media with an arbitrary degree of nonlocality and carry out experimental observations to validate the model. The remarkable agreement between predictions and data yields evidence of narrow-waist solitons, revealing an important connection between nonparaxiality and nonlocality and emphasizing the role of nonlocality.


Abstract— The pharmacokinetics and the pharmacological response to phenprocoumon have been studied in female and male inbred Lewis‐Wistar rats. A significantly lower clearance was found in female than in male rats (7.9 ± 1.4 vs 24.5 ± 2.5 mL h−1 kg−1, respectively; t = 15.09, P < 0.001) as well as a lower apparent volume of distribution (288 ± 46 vs 617 ± 105 mL kg−1; t = 7.58, P < 0.001) and a longer half‐life (25.5 ± 3.4 vs 17.5 ± 1.8 h; t = 5.16, P < 0.001). The binding of phenprocoumon was higher in female than in male rats (fu: 0.0096 ± 0.0008 vs 0.0124 ± 0.0007, respectively; t = 6.66, P < 0.001). The total (C) as well as the unbound concentration (Cu) needed to elicit a 50% decrease in the prothrombin complex synthesis rate was substantially higher in female rats: C50 was 377 ± 98 ng mL−1 in female and 155 ± 29 ng mL−1 in male rats (t = 5.32, P < 0.001), whereas Cu50 was 3.6 ± 0.7 ng mL−1 in female and 1.9 ± 0.3 ng mL−1 in male rats (t = 5.50, P < 0.001). However, because of the lower clearance and volume of distribution and the longer half‐life in female rats, the female rats experienced a higher cumulative effect than male rats to 0.34 mg kg−1 i.v. doses.


In the present work an attempt has been made for the prediction of suitable equation of state on the basis of computed thermoelastic properties and Gruniesen parameter (γ) of Silicate perovskite i.e. MgSiO3 & CaSiO3 up to the compression range V/V0=1 to V/V0= 0.6, using four different empirical isothermal equations of state viz. Brennan-Stacey EOS, Shanker EOS, Vinet EOS and Kholiya EOS. The critical analysis of obtained results suggest that validity of Shanker EOS and Vinet EOS are most suitable for the determination of elastic constants of Silicate Perovskites while the rest of equation of states viz. Brennan-Stacey EOS and Kholiya EOS are less suitable.


AbstractThe increased use of mammography has resulted in progressively smaller primary breast tumors. This trend has increased the need to perform immunohistochemical estrogen receptor analysis with formalin fixed, paraffin embedded biopsies. Nine laboratories participated in an interlaboratory study to determine the degree of variability of immunostaining results and their interpretation. The results of this pilot study indicate the need for standardization of assay protocols and the need to promote the use of freshly made formalin for optimum results. (The J Histotechnol 16:57, 1993)


The presence of magnetic ions in a diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) leads to a variety of electronic, optical and magneto-optical properties. For instance, the exchange interaction between the magnetic ions spin and the spin of carriers leads to formation of bound magnetic polarons (BMPs). In a diluted magnetic quantum dot (DMQD), the possibility of tuning the three dimensional confinement originates new magnetic effects not present in bulk or quantum wells and makes MPs a very interesting system. Recently, formation of robust MPs has been observed in type-II DMQDs, due to the spatial separation of electrons and holes. In this work, we report the growth and structural characterization of CdMnTe/Si quantum dots. The samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy directly on Si(111) substrates, in contrast with the previously studied systems, where the DMS islands were grown on II-VI buffers layers. The use of Silicon as substrates is advantageous for its compatibility with most processes of the microelectronic industry. We have used atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution x-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of growth time and temperature on the morphology and structural characteristics of the quantum dots. Our results show that this system follows the Volmer-Weber growth mode and almost perfect epitaxial islands can be grown despite a lattice mismatch around 19%. The introduction of a small concentration Mn ions improves the structural quality of the islands, as observed by high resolution x-diffraction around the (111) Bragg reflection.


The rotavator or rotary tiller is a tillage tool primarily comprising blades mounted on flanges, which are attached to a shaft that is driven by the tractor power‐take‐off (PTO) shaft through gears or chain drive. Nowadays, utilization of rotary tillers has been increased in agricultural applications because of simple structure and high efficiency for this type of tillage implements. By taking advantage of rotary tillers, the primary and secondary tillage applications could be conjugated in one stage.


The paper presents the analysis of metaphors used by ancient Greek scientist Theophrastus in his botanical treatises "Περὶ φυτῶν ἱστορίας" and "Περὶ φυτῶν αἰτιῶν". Three types of metaphors are determined, i. e. (1) metaphors that represent stable expressions and describe weather and other natural phenomena, (2) metaphors that similize plants and animals and designate plant parts or organs forming a basis for botanical terminology, (3) metaphors that used in the plant names. A plenty of examples from Theophrastus studies show that metaphors have played an important role both in establishing the scientifi c terms and nomenclature, and in learning and perception of the world itself.


During an evaluation of the Abnormal Milk Control Program (1), 162 milking-time farm calls were made specifically to evaluate milking equipment installation and operation and milking practices on farms experiencing high somatic cell counts. A summary of these findings is presented herein. Using generally recognized guidelines as acceptance criteria for both equipment factors and milking practices, the percentage of satisfactory compliance was: for operating vacuum, 34.0%; stall size (stanchion barns), 37.3%; use of strip cup, 11.1%; use of individual towels for udder wash, 12.3%; temperature of udder wash at completion of milking, 14.8%; and use of teat dip, 19.1%. Relatively high compliance was noted for: vacuum controller location, 64.8%; pulsator speed, 72.2%; presence of sanitizer in udder wash, 87.0%; and equipment sanitization before milking, 60.5%. About 47% of the dairymen held milking-time-per-cow to 5 1/2 min or less.


This article discusses the importance and necessity of building a digital campus,based on the figures put forward the idea of College.Described in detail the design and implementation of GIS on campus,including campus GIS system requirements analysis,system design guidelines and goals,system design,system development and technical route.


A code Jtf of length n in an alphabet Ω is called linear in the general sense or simply linear if there exists a binary operation -h on Ω such that (Ω,-h) is an abelian group and J^ is a subgroup of (Ω, +). We say that J(f is a ̂ -recursive code if JV consists of all words of length n > k such that their coordinates are obtained from the first k coordinates by some fixed recursive rule. Let l(k,q) be the maximal n such that there exists a linear ^-recursive code of length n in an alphabet of q elements with the distance n — k -f1 (an MDS code), and let V(k>q) be the maximal n such that there exists a linear ^-recursive idempotent (containing all constant words) MDS code of length n in an alphabet of q elements. Using the theory of linear recurring sequences we find /(2, q) and /(3,#) for primary q. 1. BASIC NOTIONS AND MAIN RESULTS Let Ω = {αϊ,...,aq} be an arbitrary finite set. Any subset Jif C Ω is called a code of length π in the alphabet Ω. If \ J(f\ = #*, then the code is called [n,fc]a-code (or [n,£]0-code), and k is called the combinatorial dimension of J(f. The (Hamming) distance d(u,v) between two words w,v G J^ is defined in the usual way as the number of not equal coordinates with the same numbers in u and v. The (Hamming) distance of the code Jff is defined as the minimum d(J(f} of distances between distinct words of J(f. We say that an [n,£] -code Jtf is an [n^d^-code if d(J(f) = d. It is known that d < n — k+ 1 (the Singletone bound, see [1]). A code is called an MDS code ifdf = n — k+l. In what follows we use results and notation from [4]. The code Jf C Ω* will be called linear in the general sense or simply linear if there exists a binary operation + on Ω such that (Ω,+) is an abelian group and J(f is a subgroup of (Ω,+). The classical definition [1, 2] says that the code Jif is linear if Ω is a finite field and Jf is a subspace of the space Ω. These codes we call linear in the restricted sense. Linear in the general sense (over the abelian group (Ω,+)) codes will be called linearly in the general sense equivalent if one can be obtained from another by a permutation of coordinates and an application of automorphisms of the group (Ω,+) to the coordinates. W is called a full krecursive code if there exists a function /: Ω* -»· Ω, k < n, such that J^ is the set *UDC 519.7. Originally published in Diskretnaya Matematika (2000) 12, No. 2,140-153 (in Russian). Received October 12,1999. Translated by V. L. Kurakin.


A method for determining contents of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in mussel and oyster has been developed by capillary gas chromatography. OCPs and PCBs in mussel and oyster samples taken from the coast of Dalian were ultrasonically extracted by n _ hexane-acetone mixture, and isolated by column chromatography. The analytes were measured by capillary GC-ECD. Eight organochlorine pesticides(α _ 666? β _ 666? γ _ 666? δ _ 666? o,p′ _ DDE? p,p′ _ DDE? p,p′ _ DDD? p,p′ _ DDT)and ten polychlorinated biphenyls(PCB28? PCB52? PCB155? PCB101? PCB112? PCB118? PCB153? PCB138? PCB180?PCB198) were identified and quantitated. The contents of OCPs ranged from 0.16×10-9 to 37.9×10-9(w), and the recoveries of OCPs ranged from 77% to 89%. The contents of PCBs ranged from 0.03×10-9 to 28.9×10-9(w), and the recoveries of PCBs ranged from 75% to 101%.


Nowadays the prevailing problems of shoe manufacturer are: lack of flexible manufacturing,slow pace of developing new products,and disability of meeting the needs of each individual customer.The information management of digital shoe manufacturing and the development of control system will improve the situation.It adopts UML(Unified Modeling Language) to make analysis and modeling on the functions of management and control system,class-object frame,activities,as well as realization.The software system is brought about by translating the based model in Rational Rose into the codes of.NET;the hardware is built by integrating the robot arm Staubli RX60,SQL Server,industrial computer,etc.


A gas-insulated substation having an enclosure filled with dielectric gas under pressure, comprising one electrical conductor (1) designed to be live that is of longitudinal axis (X) and placed inside the enclosure (6), and two grading shields (10, 12) surrounding in part the conductor (1), at least one of the grading shields (10) comprising a hollow electrically conductive body (14) of longitudinal axis that is substantially coaxial with the axis of the casing (6), said body (14) comprising an annular depression (22) in its outer surface and orifices (26) passing through said body (14) made in a bottom of said annular depression. Said orifices (26) ensure that the dielectric gas flows between an inside zone and a zone that is outside the grading shield (10) by convection exchange.


Acta Clinica Belgica, 2007; 62-Supplement 2 Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is characterized by endothelial cell injury and microvascular thrombi formation. Microvascular thrombosis results in (i) acute ischaemia of the kidney, brain and other vital organs with consecutive organ dysfunction and failure, and (ii) consumptive thrombocytopenia and abnormally increased shear stress which fragments erythrocytes. Uniform laboratory features are thrombocytopenia, haemolysis and fragmented erythrocytes. Manifestation ranges from occult to multi-organ failure, and there is a wide spectrum of diseases which may cause TMA. In the absence of one specifi c diagnostic test, TMA is diagnozed by a combination of clinical and laboratory fi ndings. The 2 most prominent TMA subgroups are thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Previously, TTP was defi ned by neurological defi cits, and HUS by acute kidney injury (AKI). However, there is a large overlap between both and some patients presented with TTP and HUS. Recent pathophysiological fi ndings have improved the differentiation of TMA types. THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHIES AN ISSUE FOR INTENSIVISTS?


ABSTRACT This article identifies and prints the earliest detailed customs list from northern Europe, which was prepared for the port of Dover in 1233 or soon after, and it gives fuller and more detailed information about trade than for any other northern European port at this date. The list shows a remarkable diversity of trade, including some of the earliest references to particular goods in English documents, and widespread sources of trade including Flanders, Germany and Italy. The depiction of such trading links prompts questions about the 'commercial revolution' and the development of European trade, for it shows how varied trade and consumption could be in the era of the fairs of the Champagne towns, before the establishment of direct maritime links from the Italian cities to northern Europe. The appearance of commodities and trading links in the Dover list suggest that commercial development was earlier and more evolutionary.


URLs have a precarious functional lifespan. They resolve the intended target (web page, PDF, audio stream, and so on) only so long as the target is available, otherwise they'll point to a dead end. Unfortunately, because companies fold, management changes, URL hostnames change, pages move, services are upgraded and reorganized, content becomes obsolete, and a host of other reasons, reliable, persistent URLs are the exception to the norm. We implemented PURR to provide persistent URLs to documents in our eprint archives. (See http://library.caltech.edu/digital).


Abstract : The 9/11 Commission, in its recent report on the attacks of September 11, 2001, criticized the U.S. Intelligence Community's (IC) fragmented management structure and questioned whether the U.S. Government, and the IC, in particular, is organized adequately to direct resources and build the intelligence capabilities that the United States will need to counter terrorism, and to address the broader range of national security challenges in the decades ahead. The Commission made a number of recommendations, one of which was to replace the current position of Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) with a Director of National Intelligence (DNI) who would oversee national intelligence centers on specific subjects of interest -- including a National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) -- across the U.S. Government; manage the national intelligence program; oversee the agencies that contribute to it; and have hiring, firing, and budgetary authority over the IC's 15 agencies. The Commission recommended that the director, and the NCTC, be located in the Executive Office of the President and that a deputy DNI be established to oversee the day-to-day operations of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The Commission's recommendation to strengthen management authority over the IC is the latest contribution to an IC structural reform debate that dates at least to 1955, when arguments for stronger IC authority began to surface. OMB deputy director James Schlesinger in 1971 first broached the DNI concept. Recently, some Members of Congress introduced intelligence community reform legislation that would establish the position of DNI, or strengthen DCI authorities. Supporters argue that the DCI cannot manage the IC and the CIA and serve as the President's chief intelligence advisor, and do justice to any of the jobs. Opponents contend that placing the intelligence director in the Executive Office of the President risks the politicization of intelligence.


This paper describes how Himalayan forests are different from temperate forests with which they are often clubbed. The principal forest types in Himalayas are dominated by evergreen trees with about one year leaf life span (e-leaf type), which include as dissimilar genera as Shorea, Pinus and Quercus . Though several taxa are common with temperate forests, functionally Himalayan forest ecosystems have values closer to tropical than temperate forest ecosystems. The Himalayan trees have tendency to reach their peak physiological activities during autumn when soil moisture is high due to the monsoon precipitation, sunny and fairly long days, and mild temperatures. In contrast, in temperate broadleaved forests, leaves begin to senesce with the beginning of autumn. Therefore, models that use data of temperate forests for predicting responses of Himalayan forests to global change would fail to make accurate predictions. Furthermore, models that focus on temperature and precipitation in Himalayas, would inaccurately predict about these forests because different forest types can occurs within same precipitation and temperature regimes in Himalayas. In many Himalayan tree species the regeneration strategy is geared to take advantage of monsoon, to the extent that their seeds show vivipary. Such species might be disturbed by climate change. The nutrient resorption efficiency during leaf senescence in Himalayan oaks is between 20-25% which are far lower than global averages for plants, 62.1% for N and 64.9% for P. Further, forest structure and distribution are variously modified by anthropogenic and natural disturbances, making predictions based on climate data of little value.


Abstract Components within a system may be related to one another in two primary ways: in either a serial or a parallel configuration. The other way associated system components is developed on the basis of series and parallel systems. Although some complex systems cannot generate from series and parallel system, the result of this paper is helpful to study more complex gradual system reliability problems. In this paper, a hypothesis is formed that the reliability of the components of the system is variable with time. Then, the reliability of the system is gradual, on condition that the components are combined by some related way. If the system reliability analysis is based on the static analysis, it may be different from the actual value of the reliability because the components of the system would afford stochastic load or generate degradation of performance. The method considering the random resistant degradation may make the result of reliability accurate. In this paper, gamma process is used to simulate the use of the components of the system, as deterioration is generally uncertain and non-decreasing, it can best be regarded as a gamma process. Combining the Edgeworth series method and forth moment technique, the method that calculate the reliability of series and parallel system is deduced. Then, the reliability of different systems and the failure rate of the systems are illustrated with time. The results show that the reliability of the systems will decline in different ways with time.


The orbit of Phobos deep in the gravity field of Mars is strongly affected by various parameters of the Mars interior. The orbit of the small satellite is therefore complex and undergoing a particulate tidal evolution. Our early analysis of im-ages from High Resolution Stereo Camera / Super Resolution Channel (HRSC/SRC) on Mars Express (MEX) [4] have shown stark discrepancies between orbit models and observations of up to 12 km, a fact which renewed the interest in more detailed astro-metric analysis of Phobos data to constrain the orbit models. Since these early studies, we have made a number of new astrometric measurements using new image data and upgraded measurement techniques. The Mars Express spacecraft has continued its Phobos flyby maneuvers and has obtained many more SRC images of the satellite. In addition, the shadow of Phobos was captured on several occasions by the HRSC and the Mars Orbiting Camera (MOC) on the Mars Global Surveyor, which all had not been analyzed yet. These shadow observations provide further constraints on the orbit of Phobos not affected by uncertainties in the spacecraft orbit and camera pointing. In the presentation, we will report on first preliminary results of our ongoing study titled ,Geodesy and Cartography of Phobos", funded by DFG.


Quantum path interferences or resonances in multilevel dissipative quantum systems play an important and intriguing role in the transport processes of nanoscale systems. Many previous minimalistic models used to describe the quantum path interference driven by incoherent fields are based on the approximations including the second order perturbation for the weak coupling limit, the ad-hoc choices of two-time correlation functions and $\it{etc}$. On the other hand, the similar model to study the non-adiabatic molecular electronic excitation have been extensively developed and many efficient quantum molecular dynamics simulation schemes, such as the Ehrenfest scheme, have been proposed.
In this paper, I aim to propose an unified model, extend the Ehrenfest scheme to study the interactions of system-light and system-phonon simultaneously and gain insight into and principles of the roles of quantum path interferences in the realistic molecular systems. I discuss how to derive the time-dependent stochastic Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger equation from the Ehrenfest scheme as a foundation to discuss the detailed balance for the weak coupling limit and therefore the quantum correction in the Ehrenfest scheme. Different from the master equation technique, the Ehrenfest scheme doesn't need any specific assumptions about spectral densities and two time correlation functions. With simple open two-level and three-level quantum systems, I show the effect of the quantum path interference on the steady state populations. Currently I only focus on the role of the phonon thermal reservoir. The electromagnetic field (solar light) will be modeled as a thermal reservoir and discussed in detail in the future paper.


Objective To summarize the clinical experiences (67 cases ) of surgical treatment of emergency hernia in elderly patient. Methods 46 cases were treated with traditional hernioplasty and 21 cases were treated with mesh plug hernia repair. The operative procedure, anesthetic options, complications, recurrence rate were studied. Results 1 patient wit increased indirect inguinal hernia dead of heart failure 3 days after operation. 6 cases were occurred postoperative lung infection and hypertension. 3 cases who were performed epidural anesthesia occurred urinary retention. 3 patients were complicated with scrotal hematoma. 4 cases had wound infection. Recurrence was found in 7 cases who were performed traditional hernioplasty 8 m~4 years. Conclusion The early operation under local anesthesia might be the safest method for elderly inguinal hernia. In might avoid the complications of emergency mesh plug hernia repair procedure was advocated in elderly patient and especially recurrent case.