The destruction of blood vessels is a commonly used cancer therapeutic strategy. Bleeding consequently follows and leads to the accumulation of blood in the interstitium. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is well positioned to detect bleeding due to its sensitivity to hemoglobin. After treatment vascular disruption can occur within just a few hours, which leads to bleeding which might be detected using PA to assess therapeutic effectiveness. Deep micro-vessels cannot typically be resolved using acoustic-resolution PA. However, spectral analysis of PA signals may still permit assessment of bleeding. This paper introduces a theoretical model to simulate the PA signals from disrupted vessels using a fractal model. The fractal model uses bifurcated-cylinder bases to represent vascular trees. Vessels have circular absorption cross-sections. To mimic bleeding from blood vessels, the diffusion of hemoglobin from micro-vessels was simulated. The PA signals were computed and in the simulations were detected using a linear array transducer (30 MHz center frequency) for four different vascular trees (at 256 axial spatial locations/tree). The Fourier Transform of each beam-formed PA signal was computed and the power spectra were fitted to a straight line within the -6 dB bandwidth of the receiving transducer. When comparing the power spectra before and after simulated bleeding, the spectral slope and mid-band fit (MBF) parameters decreased by 0.12 dB/MHz and 2.12 dB, while the y-intercept did not change after 1 hour of simulated bleeding. The results suggest that spectral PA analysis is sensitive to changes in the concentration and spatial distribution of hemoglobin in tissue, and changes due to bleeding can be detected without the need to resolve individual vessels. The simulations support the applicability of PA imaging in cancer treatment monitoring by detecting micro-vessel disruption.


In this paper , the pr 巴 sentauthor has developed a new method of analysing and computing snow-melt runoff using th 巴 degree-hour facto r. He has found the formulae of determining degr 巴巴 hours only from daily maximum and minimum air temperatures. He has applied this m 巴 thodfor the Saru River Basin and th 巴 IshikariRiver Basin in Hokkaido. The computed runoff coincides well with the observed runo 妊


Abstract : The purpose of the study of gas phase reactions among ions and molecules, such as occur in radiation chemistry, plasmas and upper and lower atmosphere chemistry, was to clarify the energetics of the simplest reaction steps. The kinetic energy determinations have been among the most difficult, largely because they are not directly observable by spectroscopic techniques. An attempt was made to devise a method for the direct measurement of the kinetic energies of the ionic products resulting from electron impact dissociation of molecules in a mass spectrometer. A time-of-flight mass spectrometer was modified to be entirely free of magnetic fields and to have a linear electric potential gradient along the flight axis. The ion beam profile measurements of methyl ions from propane and from 1-butene show a structure which indicates that dissociation occurs from several different excited states, each of which gives methyl ions with characteristic kinetic energies. (Author)


We investigate theoretically andexperimentally frequency-selective transmission andreflection characteristics ofthin-film metal-dielectric multi-layer structures. Thethin-film structures weredeposited onglass substrates using athermal evaporation technique, andtheir optical characteristics werestudied inthevisible andinfrared frequency bands. A computational scheme based onareiterative method forthecalculation ofreflection from amulti-layer stack isdeveloped tomodelinterference filters, polarization splitters andsurface-plasmon sensors andalso tostudy theeffect oftemperature change onthedevice characteristics. Thetemperature dependence is introduced inthemodelbytaking into account thethermo-optic effect inthedielectrics andcontributions from thephonon-electron andelectron-electron scattering inmetallayers. Detailed analysis ofreflectance characteristics ofthin-film stacks ofvarious material compositions hasbeenperformed withtheaimtoestimate their temperature sensitivity, toachieve improved device performance andtodesign sensors andtunable filters.


Accidental ingestion of food allergens is a critical and frequent incident in nursery schools, with 7.6% of children in Japan experiencing accidental ingestion of food allergens within 1 year. Younger age, male sex, and wheat allergy are recognized risk factors.2 However, the frequency of accidental ingestion of each allergen and risk factors for treatment-requiring moderate-to-severe accidental ingestion remain unknown in nursery schools. This study examined the prevalence of accidental ingestion of four common allergens and risk factors for treatment-requiring accidental ingestion in nursery schools in Japan.


Lipopolysaccharides(LPS)were prepared from different serotypes of Vibrio anguillarum, J-O-1, J-O-2 and J-O-3, and Vibrio ordalii. The LPS fractions were obtained by phenol-water extraction followed by Cetavlon treatment and high speed centrifugation.Chemical analysis of V. anguillarum J-O-1, J-O-2 and J-O-3 showed 2.5%, 4.8%and 1.3% protein;36.3%, 30.0% and 20.0% sugar and 7.1%, 11.3% and 6.6%fatty acids. Chemical analysis of V. ordalii showed 17.5%protein, 13.8% sugar and 1.4% fatty acids. The monosaccharide composition of V. anguillarum J-O-1, J-O-2 and J-O-3 was respectively:0.1%, 0.1% and0.1% 2-keto-3-deoxyhexose(KDO);3.0%, 1.9% and 0.6% pentose;32.6%, 21.6% and 12.6% hexose;10.8%, 7.6% and 2.8% 6-deoxyhexose;4.6%, 7.7% and 7.7% heptose;5.1%, 6.0% and10.2% amino sugar. The monosaccharide composition of V. ordalii LPS was:0.0% KDO, 1.5%pentose, 6.6%hexose, 4.0%6-deoxyhexose, 0.2%heptose and 3.1%amino sugar. The principal fatty acids of the V. anguillarum lipid A were:myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid. The principal fatty acids constituents V. ordalii lipid A were: lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acidand arachidic acid.


The output signal of current-to-frequency converter in strap-down inertial measurement unit(SIMU) is a non-equal-period frequency signal whose frequency changes with a wide range(0.1Hz~8 kHz).A high precision measurement system of current-to-frequency converter based on DSP phase-locked loop circuit and multi-cycle frequency measuring technology was designed to ensure the measure precision.The system was successfully used in auto-measurement of current-to-frequency converter in an air-to-air missile.Practice shows that the system has such advantages as low cost,high precision,stable and reliable performance.


The design concept of a wide-field astronomical imaging telescope for use as a payload on an unmanned space platform, a Space Station attached payload, or a Delta-class Explorer is described. The instrument is based on a space Schmidt telescope concept studied by NASA and ESA (1979) for Spacelab missions. The astrophysical objectives include all-sky surveys in the UV and NIR ranges. Objects of interest include very hot and very cool stars and the interstellar medium. The UV range is inaccessible from the ground, and large-area surveys and sensitive imagery of diffuse sources are impractical with current or planned UV space telescopes. The NIR range is severely compromised in ground-based observations, particularly of diffuse sources, by airglow emissions, and no wide-field NIR space telescopes are currently approved for flight.


The heat capacities of a poly(methyl methacrylate) hydrogel membrane for an artificial kidney have been determined over the range of temperatures from 228 to 298 K as a function of water content. At least two kinds of water were found: freezable water and nonfreezable water. The partial specific heat capacities of both waters were calculated from the dependence of heat capacity of the hydrogel on the water content. The heat capacities of freezable water were estimated to be 1.04 cal g−1 K−1 at 298 K and 0.47 cal g−1 K−1 at 228 K. The mobility must therefore be similar to that of bulk water at 298 K, though the melting temperature was lower than that of bulk water. Consequently, the freezable water was not assigned to bound water but to pore water for which the melting temperature was depressed due to interfacial tension. On the other hand, the heat capacities of nonfreezable water were estimated to be 1.02 cal g−1 K−1 at 298 K and 1.06 cal g−1 K−1 at 228 K. The mobility of the water would be similar to that of free water at both 298 and 228 K. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


This paper presents a historical background of ground source heat pump technology, followed by a review of its current shortcomings. Based on these observations the author assesses the R&D needs and recommendations for future research.


With regard to Zhu Yuan-zhang's birthplace, there are different versions, of which the "Zhongli" (nowadays in Fengyang county) and "Xuyi" (nowadays in Mingguang city) spread wider, and have initiated enthusiastic discussion in recent years. The discussion has fallen into the deadlocks, it is not unrelated with the random use of historical materials. Zhu Yuan-zhang explained very clearly that he was born in "Zhongli" or in "Dongxiang of Zhongli"(the east of Zhongli), this "Dongxiang" was undoubtedly in Zhongli county. The statement that Zhu Yuan-zhang's birthplace in Xuyi has errors in interpretation of the relevant historical materials, its rationale is mainly based on folk legends which is monstrous and incredible. But these legends itself is precious cultural wealth, has its own unique charm and value.


This article introduced how to improve horizontal shearing machine in order to increase silicon steel piece precision and analyzed the benefit of the machine after improving.


The Corona Virus (Covid-19) has affected almost all aspects of life, including the mentoring English Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. Teaching practice has been increasingly emphasized as a vital part of preservice teacher training program. During the Covid-19, there were a number of initiatives to assist teachers in education program. Between these, online mentoring via social media platforms are rapidly emerging as a creative approach to assist preservice teacher with additional resources. The study aimed at exploring the effectiveness of online mentoring during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Data were 24 preservice teachers and 4 mentors participated in this study at the Faculty of Islamic Education and Teacher Training in Banten. Mixed method designs a survey method and interview conducted online. The study analysed the effect of online mentoring experience differences on preservice teachers of mentoring activities. This study also explained kinds of mentoring used during the Covid-19 pandemic. It can be concluded that online learning was effective because the conditions that required online study and the mentor-mentee talk as not as effective as in the normal mentoring. The results of the study have implications for mentors, preservice teacher, and administrators. Supports from institution and schools are needed for the success of online mentoring


It is reasonable to conclude that, although diffusing factor is produced by micro-organisms during their growth and liberation of diffusing factor is associated with growth, its production is independent of the rate of toxin production. In the Staph. aureus groups we have so far found that only toxigenic strains produce diffusing factor, but that the production of toxin and of diffusing activity are independent seems clear from the Chart. The two properties of the staphylococcus culture are also differently affected by heat and formalin, as shown by the experiments summarized in Table III.


In this paper, we present our position-based, Multi-EnterpRise Containerization (MERC) architecture for BYOD security. The MERC architecture leverages positional data to grant context-aware capabilities to container-based systems. We grant enterprises the ability of defining location- and proximity-based conditions that must be met in order for users to securely access enterprise container content. First, we provide a scalable location-based scheme that allows multiple enterprise context-aware systems to securely coexist and activate policies and personas on an end-user's device. Second, the MERC incorporates proximity-based constraints to modify a persona's behavior. We evaluate our prototype using preexisting infrastructures, and our experimental results show that MERC is an effective and practical solution for BYOD security.


A strong consensus around values of mixed use, connected streets, and alternative transportation modes drives urban planning theory in most Western nations today. Smart growth and sustainable development models promote diversity, affordability, and connectedness in a vibrant public realm. At the same time, though, we note that gated developments are on the increase. How can we account for the proliferation of homogeneous, isolated, and car-oriented enclaves when those who regulate land use advocate quite different options? This article identifies the principles that planners agree on and uses a case study of Canadian planning practice to illustrate why gated projects get approved regardless of planners' preferences. In an environment where affluent consumers prefer homogeneity and exclusivity, and where local government is looking for cost-effective options when investing in new urban infrastructure, decision makers may feel compelled to accept gated enclaves as a viable development option.


One kind of the outdoor fan drive apparatus that comprises: before the driving of the outdoor fan of the brushless motor starter, the device may be determined according to the rotational direction of the output signal of the brushless motor a rotor position detecting means for detecting the rotational position and speed; when the rotational speed before the start is detected at a preset value reversal of the direction of rotation, means for driving the energizing mode switch signal and a combination pattern of detection signals from the position detection means coincides again energized, and the rotation of the brushless motor stop means to stop the reversal. Blower means to ensure that the starting wind speed and direction at various conditions.


The characteristics of random fluctuation and uncontrollable solar illumination, in addition, the matching and coordination between power supply and load in micro grid is more complex in the off-grid type optical photovoltaic/storage/diesel micro grid system. Therefore, solving the problem of energy matching between the two is the primary condition for preserving stability operation of standalone microgrid. In this paper, the mathematical model of various power supply in independent photovoltaic/storage/diesel microgrid system is established, and the system's equivalent annual cost is the minimum economic optimization objective function. Using the simulated annealing (SA) improved particle swarm algorithm (PSO) to obtain the optimal configuration result of microgrid. Verify the SAPSO has the characteristics of global optimization ability.


To evaluate the effect of drought stress on agro-morphological traits of lentil, an experiment was conducted using 168 F6:7 inbred lines along with their parents in RCB design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among lines in terms of all studied characters in both normal and stress conditions. Comparing with non-stress condition, drought stress reduced pod weight per plant, seed yield and pod number per plant to 54%, 45.3% and 42.2%, respectively. Correlation coefficient of biological yield, pod number per plant, pod weight per plant and harvest index (HI) with seed yield was positive and significant. Stepwise regression analysis showed that biological yield, HI, pod weights per plant and leaf length determined 87.6% of seed yield variations and biological yield had the most function. Maximum values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations were observed for seed yield, pod weight per plant and pod number per plant. The highest values of heritability found in leaf width (h 2 = 0.77), seed diameter (h 2 = 0.69) and plant height (h 2 = 0.66). Evaluation of stress tolerance index (STI) showed that lines 125 and 160 were the most tolerant lines, which could be recommended for cultivation in areas that subject to terminal drought stress. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(2): 207-219, June 2016


Shangdang Bangzi is the representative of literature and art in Shangdang,which is loved by the local people.At present,the historical drama takes up a larger proportion of the existing Shangdang Bangzi and is the main component of the Shangdang opera.In the process of the creation,the historical drama script follows the mode of stylization.In this article,the author discusses the reflection of stylization in Shangdang historical drama from three aspects:characterization,text language and the plot of the story.


Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye is a boy who was born in a wealthy middle-class family in the 1950s,who grows up in Manhattan,and attends the private school.Though a teenager,he lost in his world of solitude and suffering,hesitating to the world pervaded by corruption and alienation.It is the society and absence of parental love that shoulder the unshirkable responsibility for his psychosis.Holden becomes mature and sensible after the meditation to life and death,he eventually returns to the society with his love for this world.


The joint dangerous act system is an important law system in modern tort law. Defining constitutive requirements joint dangerous act of correctly, making clear allocation principle of proof liability, determining the indemnity liability of actor of joint dangerous reasonably and paying great attention to the good social effect of law enforcement is helpful to advance the progress of the construction of rule of law in China.


Swine atrophic rhinitis is one of the important diseases that threaten intensive pig industry throughout the world;furthermore,it is one of the four primary diseases that are hard to raise SPF(specific pathogen free) pigs.With the development of intensivism in China,this disease is used to be prevalent and causes important economics losses.It is significant to develop diagnostic methods to detect and control this disease.The diagnostic methods in the aspects of bacteriology,immunology and molecular biology were reviewed in this article.


Abstract In this paper, an output feedback controller in the structure of model predictive control is developed focusing on model discrimination and fault detection and isolation in addition to a tracking performance. The development of the controller is based on a system identification method that is used for an update of a model of an underlying system. For the systems whose dynamics may change at an unknown time, this identification method uses only a relatively small amount of data recently collected from the underlying system. The signal generated by the controller is applied to the system and makes the system to produce input-output data such that models are more distinguishable and faults are more detectable. Since the optimization problem in the controller is nonconvex, a suboptimal solution via a semidefinite relaxation technique is pursued.


The solution of the geographical clustering problem includes a combinatorial classification of the geographical units. The aggregation proposed in this work requires an objective function that minimizes the distance between the objects that will be clustered together, in order to achieve geo-graphical compactness (a desirable goal in problems of geographical design). Because this problem is NP hard [10], it is usually solved with heuristic methodologies that can proportionate satisfactory so-lutions in a reasonable amount of computational time, even for large problems. The main purpose of this research, it is to propose a Box-Behnken experimental design applied into the response's surface, in order to evaluate the quality of the generated solutions. The balance and adequacy of Simulated Annealing's parameters would help to control and direct the heuristic method to obtain good solutions for the partitioning problem. Keywords: Geographical Clustering, Experimental Design, Response's Surface, Simulated Annealing.


A quick and precise method is given for the heterometric determination of 0.13-0.2 mg vanadium in 20ml solution, with 5, 7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (diiodooxine). Large amounts of Ca, Mg, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, Al, Pb, U, Zr do not Interfere with the determination of vanadium. The titration is carried out in 5–8 minutes and the maximum error is about 1%.


A bifurcated fiber-optic sensor for Zn^2+, Cd^2+ and Ga^3+ ions was fabricated. Chitosan modified with 5-formyl-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyridine was immobilized on an agarose gel and used as a fluorogenic probe. The reproducibility of the response to Zn^2+ was within 5% in eight successive measurements at 5.0×10^-5 M (1 M=1 mol dm^-3). A linear relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.994 was obtained in the Zn^2+ concentration range of 0 -2.0×10^-5 M, and the detection limit was 1.0×10^-6 M (S/N=3). Cd^2+ and Ga^3+ ions were also detected, though with sensitivities somewhat lower than that for Zn^2+.


This paper designs and explains a theoretical model of cross-cultural leadership in West Africa. The proposed model is a blending of transformational leadership theory and servant leadership theory with leadership principles derived from the book of Acts. A literature review addressing the current African leadership crisis, African cultural distinctives, African leadership, servant leadership theory, and transformational leadership theory form the groundwork for the model. The result yields a model that non-African cross-cultural leaders can use to interface appropriately within the West African context to exert spiritual, cognitive, and behavioral influence. This paper proposes to design and explain a theoretical model of cross-cultural leadership in West Africa. It is not a model of African leadership. Rather, it describes a model that a person from a non-African cultural perspective can use to interface appropriately within the African culture to exert spiritual, cognitive, and behavioral influence. The proposed model is a blending of transformational leadership theory and servant leadership theory with leadership principles derived from the book of Acts. A literature review addressing the current African leadership crisis, West African cultural distinctives, characteristics of African leadership, servant leadership theory, and transformational leadership theory form the groundwork for the model. The impetus for this paper flows from this author's personal experience of living and working for 12 years in West Africa. It reflects the best practices learned through research, observation, experience, failure, and success. It addresses the tensions that a leader from a Western cultural orientation will face in the contrasting culture of West Africa and their implications for cross-cultural leadership. The context of the study is the current leadership crisis in West Africa. It implies that cultural outsiders have a responsibility to model successful leadership that can be the impetus for the creation of effective models of African leadership. The study acknowledges the difficulty of creating a pan-regional approach within a diverse cultural environment; at the same time, it holds that there are sufficient acknowledged universals to warrant a generalized model. Distinctives of African culture and leadership are important variables in designing a contextualized model of cross-cultural leadership in West Africa. This research relates African culture and leadership distinctives to the variables of servant leadership theory, transformational leadership theory, and concepts of divinely empowered leadership resulting in the proposed


This study demonstrates that the level of divorce in China is extremely low, in comparison with other developed and developing countries. Similar to findings from other studies, the risk of divorce for women who married before age 18 is higher than those married after age 20, controlling for several other socio demographic factors. Arranged marriage has a risk of divorce which is about 2.5 times as high as the non-arranged ones. The divorce level in urban areas is higher than in rural areas. The greater proportion of arranged and early marriages plus some other special factors in a relatively less developed region (Shaanxi) contributes to its higher divorce rate, in comparison with another relatively advanced region (Shanghai). Education and occupation arc not statistically significant determinants of divorce. Our estimates show that holding other things equal, women with 1,2, and 3 or more children have only about 43.7, 27.3 and 22.5 percent of the risk of divorce as compared with women with no children at all. Sonpreference not only has an effect on fertility but also exerts an effect on marriage dissolution. Women with no son have significantly higher risk of divorce than those with at least one son.


While recognizing that H.L.A. Hart's The Concept of Law has exerted a powerful and continuing influence on general jurisprudence, Brian Simpson finds it wanting. Simpson argues that Hart's determination to make broad generalizations about the nature of a legal system deflected him from the important task of attending to the particularities of actually-existing law. Moreover, he identifies Hart as a 'hedgehog' in Isaiah Berlin's sense: a thinker whose work gives expression to a 'single central vision' (in Hart's case, law as a system of rules). This critique of Hart leads Simpson to argue for an approach to legal philosophy that is more attentive to the details of existing legal systems. But Simpson fails to present his readers with the theoretical approach for which he argues. This essay seeks to make good this deficiency in his response to The Concept of Law. To this end, it uses the writings of two philosophers on whom Simpson draws (Berlin and Michael Oakeshott) with the aim of enriching Hart's contribution to general jurisprudence. Moreover, it finds in this Hart-Oakeshott-Berlin-based interdisciplinary theory (HOBBIT) a basis on which to throw much light on Britain as a distinctive form of politico-legal life.


Need answers quickly? Windows 8 on Demand provides those answers in a visual step-by-step format. We will show you exactly what to do through lots of full color illustrations and easy-to-follow instructions. Inside the Book Master the Windows 8 user experience Perform instant searches to find what you need Manage files and information with the Desktop and Windows apps Browse the Web, search for information, and get instant updates Use Windows apps to get news, finance, sports, travel, and weather Use Windows apps to work with mail, instant messages, contacts, photos, music, and videos Protect your device from Internet or network intruders Share files and media on a HomeGroup or network Set multiple users and parent controls Customize, fine-tune, and administer Windows 8 Bonus Online Content Register your book at queondemand.com to gain access to: Workshops and related files Keyboard shortcuts Visit the author site: perspection.com


Touching vugs are fast permeability pathways and permeability calculations are scale dependent and represent a significant challenge for flow property characterization in subsurface reservoirs. We used surface and down-hole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to constrain the shape of a gravity-injected water plume at the Cretaceous (Albian) Pipe Creek site in Central Texas. Five wells were drilled to collect core for facies description and were completed ithin a facies with complex vuggy pores. As part of a pilot study, water levels within the wells were used to monitor pressure changes in a thin, perched aquifer during the injection of 1,300 gallons of water in one well that was completed open hole from 1.5 to 7.6 meters depth below surface. Water pressure changes were monitored in the four other wells that were all spaced greater than 7.8 meters away from the injection well. A 2D GPR grid was acquired prior to and near completion of the water injection. This grid was interpreted and processed for amplitude anomalies created by the water injection. Mapping the amplitude anomaly in the surface GPR reveals the areal extent of the water injection front. Downhole GPR was acquired in incremented time steps during injection. Zero offset profiles were processed to determine the lag time effect created by the injected water into the vuggy facies. From the cross-hole tomography we were able to determine the cross-sectional area that was affected during water injection. Integrating the surface and cross-hole GPR data, along with the water injection rate, allows us to calculate a more precise effective permeability of 1.2 darcies for the rudist rudstone facies. This value is consistent with other measurements of this facies from conventional core analysis, but represents a three-fold increase from gas tracer experiments conducted within twinned wells spaced 1.5 meters apart.


The paper presented the methods for automatic stop control of no-load of two kinds of AC welders.This is practical technolog of energy conservation and it has more spreading value.


Soy protein isolates (SPI) with varying degrees of hydrolysis (DH of 7, 11, 15, 17%) were produced using pancreatin. The surface hydrophobicity indices of pancreatin hydrolyzed SPI (PSPI) (34.5, 34.9, 39. 1, and 40.7 for 7, 11, 15, 17% DH, respectively) were higher than that of SPI (10.5) and control SPI (CSPI) (12.5, 11.9, 12.9, and 12.6 for 10, 60, 120, and 180 min incubation, respectively). The solubilities of PSPI at pH 4.5 were 2.7, 9.1, 11.9, and 18.7%, for 7, 11, 15, and 17% DH, respectively, while the solubilities of SPI and CSPI at the same pH were about 1. 6%. Solubilities of PSPI at pH 7. 0 were > 90% for all DHs tested, while those of SPI and CSPI were 85%. The emulsifying activity index (EAI) of PSPI increased with increasing DH. PSPI with 15% DH had highest EAI (1. 122) which was higher (P < 0. 05) than those of SPI (0.550) and CSPI after 120 min incubation without enzyme (0.568). These results suggest that PSPI could be used as an ingredient for emulsified products and where high solubility at low pH is required.


An output power of 26 dBm has been achieved with a Yb-free all-silica double-clad erbium-doped fibre owing to the matching of the wavelengths of multimode pumps with the erbium absorption spectrum.


This chapter covers the recent literature dealing with the synthesis of both natural products and drugs bearing a chiral sulfoxide moiety. In particular, stereoselective sulfoxidation methods with chiral metal catalysts are described. For the different target molecules, a brief discussion of the pharmacological properties is given, and for selected examples, a typical experimental procedure for the synthesis and isolation is reported.

Keywords:

sulfoxidation;
transition-metal-catalyzed;
asymmetric;
drug;
natural product;
sulfoxide;
stereoselective;
synthesis;
titanium;
iron;
pharmaceutical;
sulfur-containing;
thioether


The situation that the criminal export conclusion which obtained from illegal way whether eliminate or not does not refer in the formula to eliminate lawless evidence.The lawless criminal expert conclusion should be eliminated form the nature of expert conclusion,international practice and human rights protection.However,the range to eliminate should be restricted properly.


This article reveals the importance of Islam in the formation and development of the Arab Caliphate. The wars of conquest of the Arab state were fought under the banner of Islam. All those who converted to Islam began to be called Muslims (Muslim – devotee, obedient to God). Having emerged at the beginning of the seventh century, in Western Arabia, in Mecca, by the end of the noted century, Islam spread to the territory of Iran and Central Asia. At the initial stage of the existence of the new Muslim state, spread over such a vast territory, the primary task was to adapt the Quranic precepts to the new realities. The art of interpreting the Qur'an and collecting hadiths were cultivated. The political struggle in the Arab Caliphate was conducted in the form of philosophical and religious disputes. The debaters in discussions on theological and philosophical topics pursued completely earthly goals. Ethnic diversity and confessional pluralism that developed in the empire also did not help stabilize the situation. A characteristic feature of Islamic philosophy is its polemical orientation; this is the logic of its development. Dissatisfaction with the decisions of previous schools on fundamental philosophical issues gave rise to the need for the emergence of new schools and teachings. As a result of the ideological struggle, a line of speculative religious philosophy arose known as "kalam".


In a multi-agent system, agents can cooperatively learn a model from data by exchanging their estimated model parameters, without the need to exchange the locally available data used by the agents. This strategy, often called federated learning, is mainly employed for two reasons: (i) improving resource-efficiency by avoiding to share potentially large datasets and (ii) guaranteeing privacy of local agents' data. Efficiency can be further increased by adopting a beyond-5G communication strategy that goes under the name of Over-the-Air Computation. This strategy exploits the interference property of the wireless channel. Standard communication schemes prevent interference by enabling transmissions of signals from different agents at distinct time or frequency slots, which is not required with Over-the-Air Computation, thus saving resources. In this case, the received signal is a weighted sum of transmitted signals, with unknown weights (fading channel coefficients). State of the art papers in the field aim at reconstructing those unknown coefficients. In contrast, the approach presented here does not require reconstructing channel coefficients by complex encoding-decoding schemes. This improves both efficiency and privacy.


Background: Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab, anti-IL-5 antibody mepolizumab and benralizumab have been approved as step 5 treatment. In our previous study, the ratio of bronchial wall thickness to bronchial lumen diameter (T/D), and the percentage of airway wall area (WA%) were significantly decreased after treatment with monoclonal antibodies. However, it is difficult to evaluate airway wall thickness using routine 5-mm slice CT data due to the shortness of breath and heartbeat artifacts. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare two HRCT imaging methods, 5-mm slices quick mode (Q-mode; pitch factor 1.388) and 5-mm slices with electro cardiogram (ECG)-gated mode (ECG-mode), for the evaluation of bronchial thickness in patients with monoclonal antibodies. Methods: T/D and WA% were calculated with Q-mode and ECG-mode CT images. T/D and WA% were calculated at 6 selected levels: superior margin of the aortic arch, 1cm above carina, carina, 1cm below carina, level of inferior pulmonary veins, and 2cm above the diaphragm. Results: Thirty-four subjects (18.5%) required step 5 treatment. Thirty-four bronchi which were able to measure the same bronchus by both modes were evaluated. For T/D and WA%, no statistically significant difference was seen between Q-mode and ECG-mode (p=0.53, p=0.46 respectively). Tracheal walls were clearly visible with both modes. Conclusion: To evaluate the bronchial thickness in severe asthma with monoclonal antibodies, there were no significant differences between Q-mode and ECG-mode. Considering imaging time, image quality and exposure dose, Q-mode was better for evaluating tracheal wall thickness in severe asthma patients with monoclonal antibodies.


A new syndrome, paradoxical intoxication, has been defined in which high levels of hydantoins, and in one instance carbamazepine, produced an increase in seizures with little or no evidence of intoxication; a decrease in these levels produced an improvement in seizure control.


A sample of Florida kaolin was separated by a supercentrif uge into three nearly mono-disperse systems whose sizes were, respectively, 0.1 to 0.2, 0.2 to 0.4, and 0.4 to 1.0 micron. These samples were electrodialyzed, and to aliquot samples of the H clay thus obtained, varying concentrations of sodium or barium hydroxide were added.

The base-exchange capacity at pH 7 varied linearly with the surface area. The apparent viscosity was reduced to about 4% of its original value by the addition of 1 milli-equivalent of sodium hydroxide, after which further additions had a very slight lowering effect. The addition of electrolyte decreased the yield point and increased the maximum strain before rupture at the water content of optimum plasticity. The water of plasticity, pore water, shrinkage water, and film thickness were decreased by adding electrolyte. The dry transverse strength was doubled by the change from H clay to Na clay. Most properties varied linearly with the surface area within the experimental error. The potential concept of plasticity is briefly outlined.


Evaporation determines the availability of surface water resources and the requirements for irrigation. In addition, through its impact on the water, carbon and energy budgets, evaporation influences the occurrence of rainfall and the dynamics of air temperature. Therefore, reliable estimates of this flux at regional to global scales are of major importance for water management and meteorological forecasting. The Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) was developed in 2011 (and subsequently revised in 2014 and 2016) with the aim of retrieving estimates of terrestrial evaporation from remotely-sensed meteorological observations at the global scale. Ever since, the model has been widely applied to study trends in the global water cycle, interactions between land and atmosphere, and the occurrence of extreme hydrometeorological events. The recently-released third version (v3) includes three dedicated datasets of global terrestrial evaporation at a 0.25◦ spatial resolution. These datasets are publicly available through www.gleam.eu.


Glucose is an important energy substrate needed by transition dairy cows postpartum to support the onset of lactation. The prioritization and regulation of glucose uptake is accomplished in part by shifts in cellular glucose transport molecules (GLUTs) within the mammary gland (Zhao and Keating, 2007). These shifts have been demonstrated in rat (Abdul et. al., 1996), mouse, bovine mammary epithelial cells (Zhao and Keating, 2007), and in bovine mammary endothelial cells (BMECs), which are responsible for transport of glucose from the blood. Additionally, increased metabolic activity of the lactating mammary gland causes a decrease in oxygen, a physiologic state referred to as hypoxia, which can also affect the mammary vasculature and potentially glucose utilization. While Zhao et al. (1996) described GLUT expression on epithelial cells, Mattmiller et al. (2010) evaluated for the first time, expression, localization, and functionality of GLUTs and hypoxic associated-genes over the transition period in bovine mammary endothelium. Significant shifts were observed in gene expression of the GLUTs and some of the hypoxia-associated genes evaluated. GLUT1, 3 and 4 were detected on cultured BMECs and shown to be functional. A better understanding of glucose uptake at the endothelial level could prove to be critical to improve glucose absorption and utilization in the mammary gland.


Titanium is a difficult-to-machine material due to its low heat conductivity and high chemical reactivity. It creates high tool wear and causes low machining efficiency. The strong relationship cutting forces between and tool wear and surface integrity of work piece makes it necessary to study the effect of dynamic cutting force on cutting tools to analyse the wear propagation and tool life. This paper investigates the tool wear on Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) cutters in milling Ti-6Al-4V and analyses workpiece surface quality. Based on the experimental results of slot milling, cutting parameters that yields best surface finish were found.


The increasing popularity of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has resulted in huge number of courses available over the Internet. Typically, a learner can type a search query into the look-up window of a MOOC platform and receive a set of course suggestions. But it is difficult for the learner to select lectures out of those suggested courses and learn the desired information efficiently. In this paper, we propose to structure the lectures of the various suggested courses into a map (graph) for each query entered by the learner, indicating the lectures with very similar content and reasonable sequence order of learning. In this way the learner can define his own learning path on the map based on his interests and backgrounds, and learn the desired information from lectures in different courses without too much difficulties in minimum time. We propose a series of approaches for linking lectures of very similar content and predicting the prerequisites for this purpose. Preliminary results show that the proposed approaches have the potential to achieve the above goal.


The shortage of organ donors and the ever-increasing numbers of registered patients waiting for a liver have driven a recent surge in the use of grafts previously considered of ''marginal'' quality. Evidence shows that, in terms of graft and recipient survival, clinical outcomes are better in recipients of liver grafts procured from ideal donors (age <40; otherwise healthy) or standard criteria donors compared with recipients of marginal or extended criteria donor livers (ECDLs). Moreover, the use of livers from extended criteria donors (ECDs) may pose significant perioperative risks to recipients. A review of these risks in this population of recipients is the primary focus of this chapter. Also, a clinical strategy for anesthetic management and reperfusion incorporating a ''metabolic'' approach will be described, which may aid in the safe management and prevention of further deterioration of graft function. Today, over 6000 liver transplants are successfully performed annually in the United States. However, the number of liver transplant candidates is increasing at a greater pace with 17,734 patients registered as of March 31, 2006. Because of the discrepancy between organ donors and registered patients, an increasing proportion of patients die before undergoing liver transplantation. In response to this crisis, the transplant community has changed practice patterns in three critical areas, as follows: (1) UNOS [United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS—created by the United States government in 1986 to operate the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) within the US. See: www.unos.org)] hepatologists have developed a new scoring scheme for end-stage liver disease, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score—to more accurately predict 1-year survival without transplantation, and to better match scarce donors with the neediest recipients; (2) Since 1990 transplant centers are increasingly establishing live donor liver transplant (LDLTx) programs, and the


Abstract : The report concerns heat generating blankets and sleeping bags, such as are required in Arctic and cold weather conditions. Some sleeping bags are described and evaluated, and two heating systems are discussed. One employs a pyrotechnic heat pack which includes a powdered iron-oxidizer water and a means for ignition. The second relies on the exothermic reaction between calcium oxide and phosphoric acid to generate heat. Several other less successful heating methods are briefly described.


An unplanned readmission to the hospital within 30 days of discharge is seen as a failure by the healthcare team to appropriately plan for a safe and effective discharge to the next level of care. According to The Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), the national average readmission rate in 2012 was 18.4%. As CMS shifts to a pay for performance strategy, a readmission rate higher than the national average for specific disease processes will result in a financial penalty. Many organizations have identified the need to improve the current discharge planning processes and to provide patients with a safer transition to the next level of care to prevent readmissions. Evidence demonstrates that there is value in reconfiguring the current discharge processes toward interventions that demonstrate a reduction in readmission rates. The discharge process should incorporate a multidisciplinary, multicomponent transition of care intervention that starts while the patient is in the hospital and continues with some type of home-care follow-up. Transition of care is a relatively new term that is used to describe a set of interventions designed to coordinate a patient's care during the movement between healthcare settings. Implementing a well-designed transition of care program allows hospitals to provide a safe Environment of Care to patients during their care transitions. Environment of Care is a term coined by The Joint Commission that is used to describe the environment in which the patient is being cared for. The term usually involves three components: the people, the equipment and tools, and the building. As healthcare changes, it will become increasingly important to provide patients with care management throughout the continuum of care, which means thinking of the patient's Environment of Care in much broader terms. How do transition of care processes affect the patient's Environment of Care? Does a well-implemented transition of care program lead to a positive impact in the patient's overall Environment of Care? This article provides an overview of how implementing a formalized transition of care process can lead to a safer Environment of Care.


Myth (2007) was Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui's first production created as artist in residence at the Antwerp Toneelhuis. It is a multi-layered, polyglot work, in which the production of meaning is highly complicated, and requires a specific kind of dramaturgical labour from the spectator. This labour takes the form of further thinking and conversations about aspects of the work which are intriguing, but perhaps not immediately clear during the performance, in what I would term a postperformance dramaturgical discourse. In this document I use psychoanalysis to excavate Cherkaoui's theatrical imagery to exemplify the dramaturgical labour of the spectator. I argue that the complication of meaning production is a result of the choreographer's creative methodology, which entailed, on this occasion, the physical, musical, textual and visual


China is an earthquake-prone country. In recent years, Wenchuan earthquake and other earthquakes have caused serious damage to power facilities. As the most important electrical equipment in UHV substations, transformers are facing great threat of earthquake disasters. Currently, seismic evaluation of UHV transformers does not consider soil-structure interaction, which is not conducive to fine seismic design and evaluation of UHV transformers. Based on the structural features of the UHV transformer equipment, the seismic evaluation method of the UHV transformer with soil-structure interaction is proposed in this paper, which provides a basis for the seismic performance evaluation of the UHV transformer.


In this paper, we investigate the capacity of spatially correlated, multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) channels in a 60 GHz indoor environment. We first derive the correlation coefficients between two antenna elements as a function of the antenna spacing. Then, the standard deviation of the power azimuth spectrum (PAS) and the mean angle of arrival (AOA) are obtained for the truncated Laplacian model, which is appropriate for broadband 60 GHz indoor channels. The Triple Saleh-Valenzuela (TSV) model is considered as a typical for these channels. The capacity of correlated MIMO channels for 60 GHz indoor environments is investigated for two power allocation schemes, equal and water-filling. It is shown that the capacity is affected by the spatial correlation , which varies according to the antenna spacing , PAS standard deviation and mean AOA. Finally, it is determined that when channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter, the correlated MIMO channel capacity with water-filling power allocation is greater than the capacity achieved with equal power allocation


Abstract The recent problems of non‐performing loans in the Japanese financial services industry have raised the issue of the alleged 'inefficiency' of the Japanese financial sector. Of central concern in analyzing these problems are the role of the Ministry of Finance (MOF) in the regulation of the Japanese financial sector and the strengths and weaknesses of the Japanese paradigm of government‐business relationship, of which the MOF's supervision of the financial sector forms an integral part. This paper offers 'standard', 'neoclassical' and 'revisionist' analysis of these problems drawn from both journalistic sources and the political economy literature. It takes the position that the recent troubles in the Japanese financial sector should not be examined in isolation from the rest of the Japanese economy and that they need to be analyzed in the broader context of the current debate on 'Capitalism vs. Capitalism'. In this broader perspective, the current troubles do not seem to indicate a fundamental w...


This paper is intended to provide a brief introduction to how economists assess the importance of education and training in the Australian economy and how the allocation of resources to education can be assessed. Included in the introduction are statistics illustrating the enormous impact of education and training on Australia's economy and a discussion of possible reasons individuals, employers, and governments allocate resources to education and training. Basic distinctions between compulsory and postcompulsory education, general and vocational education, preemployment education and employment-related training, and general and specific training are drawn in part 2. The following considerations in assessing governments' role in allocating resources to education and training are discussed in part 3: efficiency and equity arguments; funding and provision options open to governments; and the Australian government's role in the provision, finance, and regulation of education and training. Part 4, which is devoted to the problem of treating education and training as investments by using the human capital model, examines the following topics: stocks and flows; measures of human capital; key linkages; and rates of return. Part 5 describes a process for assessing the contribution made by education and training to economic performance. The document contains 48 references. (MN) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************


Bacterial CNS are rare in COVID 19 patients. We describe a patient with
severe pneumonia and meningitis that developed Froin's syndrome by
Staphylococcus aureus; this suggests that immune dysregulation in
patients with COVID-19 facilitate disseminating commensal bacterial
infections from the skin or the mucous membranes. Keywords: Meningitis,
Froin's syndrome, COVID-19.


ABSTRACT This research aims to know the influence of diversion PP 46 2013 be PP 23 2018 growth rate against the taxpayer acceptance of SME and income tax article 4 paragraph (2). This research included in the descriptive approach to quantitative. Data collection for this study using the method of documentation that exists in the KPP Pratama Pasuruan. Data analysis techniques used for hypothesis testing is to test the Mann Whitney Test are included in this category are nonparametric. The results of the analysis showed the growth rate of the taxpayer with the highest significance SME 0.814 more than 0.05 conclusion then no different from taxpayer SME growth rates before and after diversion PP 46 2013 be PP 23 2018. PPh acceptance of article 4 paragraph (2) with a value of less than 0.05 significance of 0.011 conclusion then no different from taxpayer SME growth rates before and after diversion PP 46 than 2013 be PP 23 2018. Key words: PP 46 2013, PP 23 2018, the growth of the taxpayer acceptance of SME, PPh Pasal verses (2)


The project ViSE3D aims at visualising in three dimensions code structures of Java software systems. We have developed several visualisation tools for code comprehension and analysis as well as for both re- and reverse-engineering purposes. 3D space allows to display a large amount of data with optimal visual ingress, and using specific layout algorithms optimises space utilisation with respect to interpretability of the code structures displayed. In this challenge report, we explore the Eclipse source code with our tool VisMOOS.


The invention discloses a kind of method that functionalized acidic ionic liquid catalysis prepares geranyl acetate, comprise the following steps:Under the catalysis of functionalized acidic ionic liquid, acetic acid and geraniol carry out esterification, after reaction completely, reaction solution obtains described geranyl acetate by post processing, shown in the structure of described functionalized acidic ionic liquid such as formula (II), in formula (II), X is R 1 (R 2 )(R 3 ) N-, R 1 、R 2 And R 3 Independently selected from C 1 ~C 5 Alkyl;N is 1~5 integer;Y - It is bisulfate ion, sulfonate radical, methanesulfonate, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid root, benzene sulfonic acid root or p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid root.The high conversion rate of the method, side reaction is few, and the product yield and purity for obtaining are high, and post-processes simply, with important industrial application value.[X(CH 2 )nSO 3 H] + Y - (Ⅱ)。


This article analyses literary mediations of francophone Jewish attitudes towards Israel, and particularly towards the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Its primary corpus comprises two female-authored novels published during the Second Intifada: Olivia Rosenthal's Les Fantaisies spéculatives de J.H. le sémite (2005) and Chantal Osterreicher's L'Insouciance d'Adèle (2006). It demonstrates how these two texts represent antithetical stances towards Israel, the former intermittently critical and even censorious, the latter defensive and at least partly valorising. Given the status of both authors as French-born Jews (although Osterreicher now lives in Israel), both of these texts can be seen to mediate heterodox attitudes to the conflict. But the heterodoxy depends upon the context in which the reader places the two authors. In the context of the twenty-first-century France in which it was published, which, like most other countries in the global mediasphere, is heavily critical of Israel, Osterreicher's text is acidly contestatory of default-position anti-Zionism. On the other hand, in the context of the French Jewry to which Rosenthal belongs, which has traditionally evinced unflinching solidarity with Israel, her own critique of that country's dealings with Palestinians is equally contestatory, and, despite its ludicity, is no less impactful than Osterreicher's reverse discourse. A final axis of enquiry is the extent to which there may be some consensus as well as obvious dissensus between these two ostensibly antinomous texts.


This position paper summarizes the contributions resulting from the short term scientific mission (STSM) of the first author, from University Rey Juan Carlos, to the Kings College London. During this scientific mission, we have studied the impact of norms on the sequential decision making of rational agents, and how they can be modelled and quantitatively assessed. For this purpose, we put forward a framework based on Markov Decision Processes that allows for explicitly representing norms and sanctions. In order to illustrate the usage of the framework, we model an example in a simulated aerospace aftermarket ruled by electronic contracts in terms of norms and sanctions, and present algorithms for reasoning about it.


This paper addresses the problem of maximizing the utilization of operating rooms, which is translated to jobs scheduling in an identical parallel machine environment with sequence-dependent setup times and an objective of minimizing the makespan. The jobs' processing times and setup times are stochastic for better depiction of the real world. This is a non-deterministic polynomial time (NP)-hard problem, and in this paper a new heuristic is developed and compared to existing ones using simulation and optimization. The results and analysis obtained from the computational experiments proved the superiority of the proposed algorithm Longest Expected Processing with Setup Time (LEPST) over the other algorithms presented.


The invention relates to the field of LED (light-emitting diode) related technologies, and particularly relates to an LED lamp with a self-adaption drive circuit, and the self-adaption drive circuit. The LED lamp comprises a plurality of LED strings in serial connection, wherein each LED string comprises at least one LED bead in serial connection. The self-adaption drive circuit comprises a rectifier unit, a current limiting unit, a voltage detection and conduction control unit, and at least one controllable switch unit. The LED lamp and the self-adaption drive circuit provided by the invention can ensure the normal operation of the LED lamp in an extremely easy drive manner, and can avoid a complex constant-current drive circuit and an electrolytic capacitor with service life limit, eliminate the frequent flashing, improve power factors, suppress the harmonic distortion, eliminate the electromagnetic interference and lower the cost.


The utility model discloses a sliding block for a level adjustment of a guide rail, which is used in a physical experiment. The bottom of the sliding block is in a reversed V shape matched with the guide rail in a triangle shape, and a level meter is inlaid in the middle of a platform arranged on the top of the sliding block. When the guide rail conducts the level adjustment, the sliding block is placed on the guide rail, and a level adjustment knob of the guide rail is adjusted until the level meter arranged on the sliding block indicates a level. The sliding block is simple in structure, convenient to use and favorable for conducting a quick level adjustment of the guide rail.


Successful weight loss in obese dogs and cats is difficult, and even more so in pets who don't exercise regularly or are inactive. Over the past 10 years, physical rehabilitation (or physio-therapy) as a treatment or wellness modality has been gaining popularity in small animal veterinary practice. This case report describes the use of physical rehabilitation to achieve weight loss and a decreased body condition score in a chronically obese cat. A 7-year old, female-spayed domestic, short-haired cat, weighing 15 lbs, was evaluated by the Nutrition Support Service at Michigan State University's Veterinary Teaching Hospital for a weight management consultation. The cat had a history of chronic obesity and the owner reported feeding a variety of reduced or restricted-calorie foods, both canned and dry versions, over the previous 5 years. The home environment included three other cats, none of which were overweight. All cats were fed once daily in the evening; separate food bowls were provided for each cat, but multiple water bowls and litter boxes were shared. A course of 8 weeks of physio-therapy was recommended, with a target weight of 12 lbs identified, to which the owner agreed. Body weight, body condition score and circumference measures of axillary, rib and flank areas were taken at the initial visit, and at 3 weeks and 8 weeks. At the beginning of the 8th week, the cat's body weight had dropped from 15 lbs to 14.2 lbs, and the body condition score shifted down from 9 to 8 out of 9. More dramatically, however, were changes measured in body circumference: from 43 cm to 38.6 cm in the axilla (11% decrease); 50.3 cm to 42.5 cm in the ribs (15.5% decrease); 46 cm to 41 cm in the flank (11% decrease). To the author's knowledge, this is the first report confirming weight loss, reduced body condition score, and altered body composition in a cat as a direct result of physical rehabilitation.


prospect of continued survival. These improvements are related to better control of haemorrhage and above all to greater ease of exposure, which has been the most important single factor responsible for reduction in the postoperative mortality and morbidity of most intracranial procedures. Much thought has been given to the means of earlier diagnosis of acoustic neuromas, for if one of these tumours can be completely removed when it is relatively small it will not recur and facial movement may be preserved in about a third of cases. Unfortunately by the time the diagnosis has become obvious a high postoperative morbidity is likely, and the chances of complete removal are greatly reduced. Intracapsular removal should still be regarded as an unpredictable procedure, though some patients have made long and satisfactory recoveries. It is no longer justifiable to delay the removal of an acoustic neuroma because of the absence of cerebellar signs and symptoms. Gliomas are just as formidable now as they were 30 years ago, though cerebellar astrocytomas are a notable exception. Segelov and his colleagues found that 60% of patients with the more malignant varieties of glioma were dead within six months and only 25% returned to work. This is universal experience. Even the more benign forms are nearly all potentially malignant, and a satisfactory remission of symptoms depends on the extent to which removal of the tumour is possible. The results of the Australian survey suggest that radiotherapy may improve the duration and nature of the remission when only part of the growth has been removed. As might be expected the picture presented by the metastatic intracerebral lesions remains grim. Bare statistics do not show the smoother postoperative course and lessening of immediate complications that have become the rule in recent years. Considerably easier operating conditions have been achieved by the introduction of controlled respiration and the osmotherapeutic agents and by the use of corticosteroids in the management of tumours. Better management of fluid and blood replacement and electrolyte balance has eased the burden of both the patient and the surgeon. Gamma scanning and ultrasound investigation have helped to achieve earlier diagnosis. But those who operate in the brain still face the age-old problem of removing the tares from among the wheat.


Industrial disasters create occasions for the eruption of multiple conflicts among stakeholders. Victims' perspective on these conflicts has received little research attention in the past. Understanding these conflicts can lead to insights into the political nature of such disasters, and aid in developing more humane responses to them. This paper provides a cultural analysis of social conflicts that emerged in the Bhopal tragedy. It examines victims' subjective understanding of the tragedy and associated conflicts by analyzing a demonstration march by them. Victims' understanding of conflicts is significantly different from that of the government that supposedly represents them. This finding has important policy implications, and warrants further research on conflicts in industrial disasters.


Abstract Goal-based error estimation due to spatial discretization and adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) has previously been investigated for the one dimensional, diamond difference, discrete ordinate (1-D DD-SN) method for discretizing the Neutron Transport Equation (NTE). This paper investigates the challenges of extending goal-based error estimation to multi-dimensions with supporting evidence provided on 2-D fixed (extraneous) source and Keff eigenvalue (criticality) verification test cases. It was found that extending Hennart's weighted residual view of the lowest order 1-D DD equations to multi-dimensions gave what has previously been called the box method. This paper shows how the box method can be extended to higher orders. The paper also shows an equivalence between the higher order box methods and the higher order DD methods derived by Hébert et al. Though, less information is retained in the final solution in the latter case. These extensions allow for the definition of dual weighted residual (DWR) error estimators in multi-dimensions for the DD and box methods. However, they are not applied to drive AMR in the multi-dimensional case due to the various challenges explained in this paper.


Although the near tip fields of cracks on bimaterial interfaces do not have a separable form of the HRR type, they appear to be nearly separable in an annular zone within the plastic zone. We found that the small-scale yielding crack tip fields are members of a family parameterized by a near tip phase angle ζ, and that the fields nearly scale with the value of the J-integral, the original derivation of the mathematical structure of the small-scale yielding fields is elaborated upon. Over distances comparable to the size of the dominant plastic zone, the stress levels are limited by the yield stress of the weaker material. The stresses well within the plastic zone are governed by the strain-hardening behavior of the more plastically compliant material


The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of different fertilizer packages on the yield performance of cauliflower and tomato in the upland and hill valley. Influences of different fertilizer packages on yields and fruit quality of cauliflower and tomato were compared during 2015 to 2017 growing periods under field conditions. The experiments were conducted in two hill district of Bangladesh (CHTs) i.e Bandarban and Khagrachari under the AEZ 29 (Northern and Eastern Hills Tract). In this experiments Cauliflower and Tomato in the upland hill valley soil were used as the test crop. The experiment was designed on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replication. The treatments consider as Cauliflower: *T1= Farmers Practice, T2= N100P50K90 S18 Zn2.3 B0.5 kg/ha, Cowdung 5 ton/ha, T3= 125% of T2 and T4= 150% of T2. Tomato: *T1= Control, T2= N100P50K90 S18 Zn2.3 B0.5 kg/ha, Cowdung 5 ton/ha & lime 1.5 t/ha, T3= 125% of T2 and T4= 150% of T2. In khagrachari, the highest yield of cauliflower (44.98, 59.07 and 45.67 t/ha) and in Bandarban Original Research Article Zonayet et al.; IJPSS, 32(7): 48-55, 2020; Article no.IJPSS.57722 49 site (57.98, 53.47 and 55.66 t/ha) was recorded with T4 treatment that received 150% of T2 while the lowest yield was observed with T1 treatment receiving no fertilizer. In case of tomato, the highest yield (59.72, 55.73 and 36.07 t/ha) in Khagrachari site and in Bandarban site (56.43, 58.33 and 59.64 t/ha) was recorded with T4 treatment that received 150% of T2while the lowest yield was observed with T1 treatment receiving no fertilizer.


Biological psychiatry has established itself as a fully fledged branch of medical science. Originally a subject which developed at the borderline where psychiatry meets the biological sciences (especially endocrinology, neurochemistry and clinical biochemistry), it has now budded-off, taken root, and developed its own journals, theories, practices and proofs: even its own training. In what follows, I use the term biological psychiatry in this restricted sense, which gives the subject a fairly short history: the great bulk of research has been done since the 1970s. Biological psychiatry can be defined as the attempt to discover biological correlates of psychiatric disorder, with the aim of establishing aetiology, therapy and prognosis. This is a much narrower definition than that of Samuel Guze in his recent article in Psychological Medicine (1989), where he uses the term to refer to all that is valid and useful in the realm of psychiatric practice in effect, if it is not biological then it is not good psychiatry. Guze's article is a highly ' whiggish' account describing the impressive progress of psychiatry up until now, with a confident extrapolation of this trend into the future. While differences in the scope of definition mean that the two essays are not strictly comparable they nevertheless adopt a clearly different standpoint, and I will contrast my views with those of Professor Guze where it helps to clarify them. Biological psychiatry is not without its critics, and any 'whiggish' history of progress requires a ' revisionist' response which calls this progress into question. It seems timely to take a sceptic's view of things, to play the devil's advocate perhaps. I am not so impressed as Professor Guze by the supposed progress in this field, and I am also concerned that we may be adopting a mistaken way of interpreting biological data in psychiatry. In this editorial I aim to take on board some of the less flattering things said about us by fellow biologists, psychologists and philosophers. This will be seen to lead on to philosophical considerations of the scope and status of biological psychiatry, with the aim of discovering how best to interpret the subject. Aside from its innate attractions, common to all branches of science, the ultimate promise of biological psychiatry is that it will, sooner or later, lead to improved therapy. My critique of biological psychiatry springs from the simple observation that the most important physical therapeutic advances (roughly speaking, in order, the development of ECT, phenothiazines, tricyclics and lithium) were discovered more or less by accident and before the advent of biological psychiatry as a distinct speciality. In fact the therapeutic advances were themselves the major stimulants of theory and subsequent biological research: for example the discovery of phenothiazines led to the dopaminergic hypothesis of schizophrenia, while tricyclics and MAOIs led to the amine hypothesis of depression. In other words, theory has been highly effective at fitting itself to past experiments, but relatively useless at predicting the results of future experiments. My perspective is therefore coloured by a sense of disappointment, rather than pride, at the achievements of the subject. And my aim is to explore some of the reasons which lie behind this sluggish rate of progress. The first problem is the sheer difficulty of doing experiments in biological psychiatry. This is the purist's reductionist critique, and is widespread among basic biological scientists, particularly those who work on single cells. The story runs that because humans are not animals (let alone single cells), we cannot do the experiments we want or need to. For example, it is not desirable to give highly toxic drugs, leave patients untreated to study the natural course of illness, or to kill people in order to reach inaccessible tissues such as the brain: these are the ethical constraints. Then there is the lack


The theoretical part of this thesis deals with characteristic, fate and occurrence of perfluorinated subtances in the aquatic environment and legislation and methods of determination of these substances. This is followed by a description of passive and sorbents (Oasis HLB a MAX, Empore disc Anion-SR, Speedisc DVB, silicone rubber)..For individual PFCs, the recovery from extraction from MiliQ water and from the sorbents was found out, from the concentration dependence of equilibrium values of concentration in water phase and adsorbent, the sorbent isotherms were constructed and the measured values of sorbent coefficient of individual substances were compared with their dividing coefficient in the system octanol-water (log Kow). Based on the experiments it was shown that the best absorbent is Oasis HLB and Speedisc, and as least suitable is silicone rubber.


Objective: To compare the block characteristics and haemodynamic stability of intrathecal Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine with Fentanyl and Magnesium as adjuvants for lower abdominal surgeries. Method: Sixty patients of ASA grade I and II coming for elective lower abdominal surgeries under spinal anaesthesia were randomly allocated to two groups with 30 patients in each group. Group R received Isobaric Ropivacaine 0.75% -2.5ml + Fentanyl 20µ + Magnesium 50mg and Group L received Isobaric Levobuivacaine 0.75% 2.5ml + Fentanyl 20µ + Magnesium 50mg. Sensory and motor block characteristics were assessed by pin prick and modified Bromage scale respectively and observed haemodynamics were recorded. Results: Time to reach T10 dermatome was faster in group L (1.30±0.80mins) compared to group R (4.23±0.94mins). The onset of motor block was significantly earlier in group L (1.35±0.85mins) than group R (4.63±0.85mins). Duration of analgesia was similar in both the groups (p=0.929) but resolution of sensory and motor block was significantly earlier in Levobupivacaine group compared to Ropivacaine group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Time for onset and recovery of sensory and motor block is shorter with intrathecal Levobupivacaine in combination with Fentanyl and Magnesium as adjuvants than intrathecal Ropivacaine.


To improve the efficiency of manual operations in the coal bunker, a completely automatic system based on multi-sensor perceptual positioning and map-based clearance planning is proposed. Firstly, the perceptual positioning link combines semantic segmentation to improve the traditional feature extraction and restricts the loop keyframe by using brute force matching, which improves the localization ability of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in the coal bunker. Compared with the incremental map maintenance strategy, a neighboring strategy is proposed to update the map in the dynamic environment of the coal bunker. Secondly, in response to the requirements of the coal bunker cleaning operation, based on the SLAM positioning results, we formulate behavior planning combined with a hierarchical finite state machine (FSM) and a grid map-based motion planning. The proposed clearing plan combines the geometric characteristics of crawler rakes, reduces the error of trajectory tracking, and improves the smoothness of trajectory curvature. The system can realize accurate real-time positioning in the bunker environment, and successfully complete the requirements of cleaning. In addition, a high simulation environment based on the unreal engine is built to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the system.


Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network of small light weighted wireless nodes which are highly distributed and deployed in large numbers. Wireless sensor networks provide an economic approach for the deployment of the control devices and distributed monitors and avoid the expensive wired system. When the communication takes place in wireless sensor networks then the energy is consumed. Here main concern is to avoid battery wastage. The cluster head is also choosing according to the minimum battery consumption by applying election algorithm. The BS is also placed within the deployed area of wireless sensor network. In our proposed work, NS-2 is used as a simulator to implement whole scenario.


This study aims to examine proposals which tend to reduce the age of criminal responsibility in the light of Brazilian Constitution, Child and Adolescent Statute and International Treaties. In addition, it aims to lend visibility to historical aspects of penal non-imputability in Brazil, given that they are needed for academic contribution in order to construct democratic solutions about issues involving fundamental rights and safeguards. Socio-educational measures, recidivism of infractional acts and effectiveness of rights directed to children and adolescents are important aspects throughout the analysis. Legal trends about the possibility of reducing the age of criminal responsibility, and the fundamentals of professors and jurists who have expressed their opinion about this issue are pointed out in the penultimate chapter.
Considering that the social problem of public security cannot be solved sacrificing fundamental rights, it was concluded that this proposal is not enabled to be put in practice in Brazil.


Open source intelligence is becoming more and more important in security-related applications. Effective extraction of valuable information from these intelligence sources so as to understand the content of intelligence is one of the central issues in security domain. To address this key problem, this paper studies how to extract domain events and generate story representation of the events. We implement a story extraction platform (SEP) which applies pattern matching to extract events from Web news and organizes events based on theme using narrative structure. We also design extraction rules, use domain-specific features and employ ontology to facilitate story extraction in SEP. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our system in security informatics.


e15734 Background: Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. 55% of patients present with advanced disease at diagnosis and are treated with chemotherapy, with gemcitabine and 5FU-backbone based therapies both demonstrating efficacy. However, data on the adoption of these of therapies in academic and non-academic centers is scarce. The goal of this study is to examine the aggregate adoption of these therapeutic regimens in widespread clinical practice from 2008 through 2016 using health plan claims data. Methods: Privately insured and Medicare patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated with chemotherapy from 2008 through 2016 were identified from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse. First-line treatment regimen and duration were correlated with age, sex, race, Charlson Comorbidiy Index (CCI) score, and opioid use measured by morphine milligram equivalents (MME) (as a proxy for pain) in the 6 months prior to starting chemotherapy. Disease status was classified as advanced, adjuvant or neo-adjuvant. Results: For 14,301 patients treated with chemotherapy primarily, the use of monotherapy has significantly decreased from 73% to 27% (p < 0.001) between 2008 and 2016, while combination therapy using two antineoplastic agents (20% to 41%; p < 0.001) and three or more agents (6% to 32%; p < 0.001) increased. Since 2013, patients receiving combination therapy vs. monotherapy are significantly younger (mean 66 vs. 70; p < 0.001), have higher CCI (6.3 vs. 6.1; p = 0.002), and have similar daily opioid dose prior to chemotherapy (5.2 vs. 3.8 MMEs; p = 0.086). Duration on first-line regimen was greater in patients receiving combined therapy, compared to those on gemcitabine monotherapy (median 130 vs. 119 days; p < 0.001) after adjusting for CCI, disease status, and demographics. Conclusions: The use of combined therapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer has increased over time, with patients on combined therapy appearing to be younger. [Table: see text]


Design for Manufacturability (DFM) is a phrase that often accompanies discussion of layout optimization for lithography process effects, particularly Optical Proximity Correction (OPC). In an environment where process technology and circuit design are developed together, many other process-layout co-optimization strategies can be investigated. In this paper we discuss physical modeling to enable co-optimization strategies from a device performance point of view by examining layout-induced variation in front-end manufacturing processes used to engineer transistor strain and dopant diffusion/activation.


Cross-isobath transport of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) provides a major source of heat to the Antarctic continental shelves. Adaptive sampling with a Slocum glider revealed that the UCDW regularly intrudes onto the western Antarctic Peninsula shelf within mesoscale eddies, and a linear stability analysis of the shelf-break current upstream confirmed eddy length scales and vertical structure are consistent with the baroclinic instability of the current. The properties of the most unstable mode are insensitive to current orientation but sensitive to bottom slope in accordance with modified Eady theory. Once on the shelf, the eddies' core properties mix with ambient shelf water to form modified CDW (mCDW). Concurrent shipboard CTD and ADCP data are used to diagnose the responsible mixing processes and highlight the importance of thermohaline intrusions. The genesis mechanism of the interleaving layers cannot be confirmed, however a simple analytic model suggests the upper limit contribution of advection by internal waves cannot account for the observed temperature variance unless the cross-eddy temperature gradient is large. Data-adaptive sampling of an eddy with the glider revealed it lost heat across two isopycnals and a fixed radius at a rate of 7 × 109 J s−1 over 3.9 days. This rate is corroborated by a diffusion model initialized with the eddy's initial hydrographic properties and informed by the heat fluxes parameterized from the shipboard data. The results suggest eddies predominately lose heat laterally and downward, which preserves subsurface heat for melting of marine-terminating glaciers.


This article explores William Yang's relationship to Nobel Prize-win ning Australian author Patrick White as documented in Yang's theatre work and subsequent documentary, My Generation (2008). Drawing on his photography, reworked as a performance in 2008 and then later as a film which aired on ABC Television in June 2013, Yang situates White in the social, cultural and political landscape of 1970s Australia. Building on Yang's subtle storytelling and image-making techniques, this article provides readers with a series of images, glimpses into the life and milieu of a formidable, yet vulnerable and wryly humorous writer. We explore the ways in which Yang's layered approach to storytelling allows contempo rary audiences to access often secret or untold stories, places and images of Australia - and especially the Sydney of the late twentieth century.


Peteroa-INIA is a new triticale, (XTriticosecale Wittmack), created by the Wheat Breeding Project at the Carillanca Research Center of the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA). The cross was conducted in 1993 and corresponded to: Tca 3050-90// Tca 28-87/Temu 351-87, where the two Tca progenitors were advanced lines of triticale, and Temu 351-87 was an advanced alternative wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). All the lines were developed at the Carillanca Research Center. The pedigree is TT-6148-t-3t-2t and its internal name code in the project is Tca 3504-99. Peteroa-INIA is a variety with a facultative growth habit, with a period from sowing to heading 6 and 15 days longer than the current commercial triticale cultivars CalbucoINIA and Tolhuaca-INIA, respectively. The mean plant height was 108 cm, 30 cm shorter than the above mentioned commercial varieties. It has a compact, bearded and light brown spike, and its 1,000 grain weight varied between 36.3 and 41.8 g. It is resistant to stripe and leaf rust. Its mean yield, based on three years of trials, was 10.37 t ha-1. The bread quality analysis indicated that it can be assimilated to a soft wheat, and the bromatological analysis of the grain showed higher protein content and better general indices than those of Calbuco-INIA, the commercial variety currently most used for animal feed in Southern Chile.


Noble gas is administered to the patient in order to meet the lungs, while the vibration to the chest wall is applied, a magnetic resonance elastography image data is acquired. Shear waves into the lungs where gas is filled is produced by the vibration, shear modulus image is reconstructed from MRE image data that can be used for the diagnosis of lung disease.


Mechanical stresses exerted in articular cartilage during daily joint movements can stimulate the metabolism of chondrocytes in cartilage. Upregulative effects of mechanical stimuli on extracellular matrix (ECM) biosynthesis of chondrocytes have been utilized in the cartilage tissue for regenerative tissue engineering. However, dynamic functionalities of these regenerated cartilages were lacked compared with the natural arthrodial cartilage. Natural synovial joint surfaces are contacting and sliding each other. As a result, the loading condition applied to the cartilage tissue is not simple. Under the contact between surfaces, non-uniform stress distribution is exerted in the cartilage tissue. The shear stress at contact area is highly depended on the distance from the surface. Moreover, the surface region is exposed to larger shear stress compared with the deep region. We hypothesized that high stress in surface region may stimulate chondrocytes selectively and establish anisotropic structure in elaborated tissue. In this study, the relative motion between cartilage surfaces in a synovial joint is simulated by the rolling-sliding motion of the roller on the cultured chondrocyte-agarose construct. Then, we investigated effects on the ECM distribution and morphology of regenerated cartilage tissue.


The continuous equal channel angular pressing introduced is a new method to produce ultra-fine grain(UFG) materials,which applies continuous extrusion technology in ECAP technology to manufacture UFG materials and solves the problem that can't manufacture large bulk UFG materials by traditional ECAP.Through simulating continuous ECAP process of copper by DEFORM-3D,the metal flow,strain field and temperature field are obtained.The deformation processes are compared under the conditions of various speeds and different friction factors,the optimum process parameters are obtained.The experiments are performed by optimum process parameters,the results indicate that the hardness increases clearly during the first 2 passes of continuous ECAP,and the hardness is saturated after 2 passes,the grain size of about 400nm is achieved after 12 passes.


Human task performance in dynamic and complex systems is considerably impaired by the reduced ability of operators to locate and act on task-relevant information. It is suggested that the highlighting of task-relevant information would facilitate expedient establishment of task objectives. This suggestion has been tested experimentally by investigating whether this task-relevant information can be located with relevancy markers. In telephone and email conversations it was found that across task (i.e. finance and logistics) and language (i.e. Dutch, English and Mandarin-Chinese) domains, humans seem to benefit from the presence of these markers when localising relevant information. It is suggested that this work has the potential to be used to inform the design of tasks and user interfaces of complex and other systems where user interaction is needed.


Amplification of radio-frequency wave, which results from the negative absorption due to stimulated cyclotron radiation, is verified in weakly ionized mercury plasma. It does not occur continuously but does pulsively at certain phase of an If oscillation in plasma, and its maximum power gain at electron cyclotron frequency is estimated to be over 5 dB from experimental result. The time-analyzed probe measurement shows that the excess of electrons is found in the energy region where the large Ramsauer effect is expected in the elastic collision cross section of electron, which is a necessary condition of negative absorption shown in theoretical consideration. If the parameters of plasma generation are adjusted to suitable values, the enormous emission pulse is observed synchronizing with an If oscillation, which is considered to be self-oscillation excited by any mechanism of feedback through plasma. Various features of this phenomenon is compared with those in the case of Xe, Kr and Ar plasma.


Abstract A numerical study is conducted to examine the flow characteristics of the inkjet printer head with special attention made to the refilling process. By solving the full set of three-dimensional transient Navier-Stokes equations and considering the process of bubble growth and collapse as a movable membrane, the fluid flow inside the channel and the ejected droplet from the nozzle can be modelled. The calculated results indicate that the single refilling channel design provides the fastest refilling rate but also reveals pronounced flow surge/overshot phenomena. By using a double refilling channel design, the flow surge/overshot phenomenon can be reduced considerably owing to the imposed friction. Moreover, the flooding phenomenon is much less pronounced. However, placing an additional cylinder obstacle in the single filling channel will not reduce the flow surge/overshot phenomenon.


Arrangement for securing an insertion assembly (1) in an installation cage (2) of a computer, comprising - a holding rail (3) with at least one bearing surface (30) for inserting and fixing the support rail (3) in a guide rail of the mounting cage (2), - at least one of the retaining rail protruding holding pin laterally (31, 51, 53) for engaging a side mounting opening (11) of the insert unit (1), whereby the holding rail (3) on the side of the insert unit (1) can be plugged, and - a between the insert unit (1) and the mounting cage (2) at one of the insertion assembly (1) facing side of the holding rail (3) arranged strip-shaped damping element (4) for damping relative lateral movement, wherein - the holding rail (3) holding members (37) which cooperate to define the strip-shaped damping element (4) with this.


The literature contains a wealth of theoretical and empirical analyses of discourse marker functions in human communication. Some of these studies address the phenomenon that discourse markers are often multifunctional in a given context, but do not study this in systematic and formal ways. In this paper we show that the use of multiple dimensions in distinguishing and annotating semantic units supports a more accurate analysis of the meaning of discourse markers. We present an empirically-based analysis of the semantic functions of discourse markers in dialogue. We demonstrate that the multiple functions, which a discourse marker may have, are automatically recognizable from utterance surface-features using machine-learning techniques.


Indonesia is the country that has the most population in the world, this is certainly inseparable from all legal problems in society. The existence of government prosecutions of the public to understand the law (presumption iures de iure) is certainly compared to limited education, material limitations, the unevenness of development or education services, and regional remoteness. This journal aims to provide an explanation regarding why all Indonesians are required to understand the law while the government has not met the needs/services in the community in an effort to achieve a state based on law. The research steps taken use qualitative methods where the contents of this journal contain data and the results of direct observations. Based on the results of direct research into the community that there are still many Indonesian citizens who do not understand the law due to limited education due to the remoteness of the area.


False smut (Claviceps oryzae-sativae) has significantly reduced the percent seed germination in all rice varieties tested and was maximum in Champakali (25.3%) and minimum in Rasi (12.9%) in India. Seedlings emerged from seeds of infected panicles had poor seedling vigour and reduced root length was more pronounced than reduced shoot length. The disease has significantly increased chaffiness (up to 40.9%) and decreased 1000 grain weight (up to 32.4%) and panicle weight (up to 25.5%) in Rasi. A 9-41% and 9-44% reduction in phenol and ortho-dihydroxy phenol content, respectively, was observed in seedlings emerged from infected panicles of various genotypes.


We studied the development of imitation ability in a cohort of 6-11-year-old children (N=174) with specific attention to error types and their cognitive interpretation. Participants imitated meaningless actions as if they were in front of a mirror (specularly). Actions varied across three levels of complexity (movements of a single limb, arm and leg of the same body side, or arm and leg of opposite sides). Overall performance improved with age. Among the most frequent error categories, 'side' errors (movement imitated with the left instead of the right limb or vice-versa) paradoxically increased with age (from 9 years). Still, their sensitivity to complexity decreased with age. Thus, encoding two opposite body sides has high cognitive costs in younger children and smaller or null costs in older children. We interpreted these results in terms of the enhancement of Working Memory (WM) and body knowledge with age. When WM increases, it paradoxically drives older children to apply their superior body knowledge and imitate 'anatomically', producing side errors. Younger children are free from such interference because they still lack the necessary body knowledge and WM capacity. In conclusion, this study suggests that anatomical imitation becomes available in children's cognitive repertoire from age nine due to increased body knowledge and WM capacity. Research Highlights The analysis of error types uncovers/illustrates the role of working memory and body knowledge in imitation. As an effect of little working memory capacity, younger children pay a cognitive cost to encode opposite body sides and make "side errors". Imitation performance improves with age, but side errors paradoxically increase in frequency due to greater ability to master body knowledge bringing to anatomical imitation. Anatomical imitation is available in childrens' cognitive repertoire from age 9, as an effect of the development of body knowledge and working memory capacity.


Ground water samples (brines) from deep wells in the Palo Duro Basin, Texas are being analyzed for noble gases in an attempt to obtain radiometric ages for these brines. The brines contain radiogenic /sup 4/He and /sup 40/Ar produced from the radioactive decay of U, Th, and K. Consideration of hydrochemical data for the brines, various isotopic, chemical, and mineralogical data for the aquifer rocks and noble gas production rates allow estimating the age of the brines to be about 130 million years at two wells. At a third well interaquifer mixing has occurred and the age is presently indeterminate. 9 references, 3 figures, 1 table.


The re are  substantiated the main approaches to the research of the category and the universal s " world "  which hold the semantic ideas about the comprehension by the human bases and regularities of the organization of surrounding reality. The hol istic  world view picture of reality is revealed in the dialectical unity of the subject-object interaction as the perfect form of objectifying the fundamental properties of being. The personal world from the standpoint of philosophical - psychological reflection emerges as a conceptual model of a multidimensional reflection of the reality and an ontophenomenal locus that unites the achieved and realized in the existential space  the hypostas e s of hu man. Namely the psycho- soph ic interpretation of the world within a human determines the boundless horizons of a person's self-creation in a cycle of spiritualized self-expression and existential self-fulfillment. Key words: being, human existence, psycho-sophic approach, personal world, world as a category and universals, factors of self-fulfillment.


A method of testing the drain current of the transistor, comprising: providing a first test area, the test area comprises a first transistor and a testing pad, and the test pad connected transistor; the first test area of the test pad of the test, obtained total leakage current of the transistor; providing a second test area, the test area comprises a second transistor and a test pad, a second test region of the transistor, the first test pad and the test area of the transistor, and the layout of test pads structures are the same, the drain of the transistor and the second test pad test area corresponding to the drain of the transistor is turned off; the test pads of the second test area is tested, the parasitic current value is obtained; leakage current equal to the drain of transistor current gross value minus the parasitic current. The leakage current of the test transistor parameter values obtained by the method the present invention results in accurate, and simple method, which does not affect the overall transistor process, without any damage to the chip.


PLANT SCIENCETwo new reports, published online by Science this week ([www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1141752][1] and [www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1141753][2]), have identified the signal that tells plants to flower. Contrary to work reported in 2005 showing that the signal was messenger RNA, the new work fingers the so-called flowering locus T protein. ([Read more][3].)

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1141752
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1141753
 [3]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/316/5823/350