The waste generation in construction takes place because of many factors. Every factor has various grade of risk which may affect the performance of the project. This is substantial to locate for efficient management of waste. This study is carried out to define and locate the level of risk of different factors participate to the generation of waste in the implementation phase. A total of 28 factors were identified and inspected through a survey. This survey utilized Delphi technique with two rounds. The first round was directed to locate the level of risk associated with each factor while the second round concentrated on supporting the outcome of the first round. Eighteen experts contributed to the survey at the first round, while 15 experts contributed to the second round. The analysis revealed the most important factors are client's changes, mistakes by workers causing rework, and errors during ordering of materials. Further analysis showed that there more than half of the factors included in the survey have significant level of risk. Analysis for risk level in the first round of Delphi indicated three factors have "Most Significant" risk level, five factors have "High Significant" risk level, and seven factors have "Significant" risk level. The other 13 factors included in the study showed they are "Not Significant". The Delphi round two showed that 10 factors are with "High" consensus, 13 factors with "Fair" consensus, 3 factors with "Low" consensus, and 2 factors only with "No" consensus.


Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an uncommon tumor of odontogenic origin, constituting only 3% of all odontogenic tumors. AOTis characterized histologically by the formation of duct-like structures with amyloid-like deposits.An 18-year-old male presented with right chek swelling. CT scan revealed well-defined expansile heterogeneous mass with centralhypodensity. Patient underwent excision of the mass by Caldwell-luc approach and histopathologically the diagnosis adenomatoid odontogenictumor was made. Since it is a benign tumor, the treatment should consist of enucleation and curettage.


The present study was conducted to see the effect of Azolla based diet on the growth performance of indigenous piglets. Piglets randomly divided into three equal groups and were offered control diet in T1 group. Whereas, T2 and T3 were offered 20 per cent and 40 per cent of Azolla containing diet, respectively. The average initial body weight of the pigs at the start of experiment was 13.40±1.00 (T1), 14.00±1.06 (T2) and 14.00±0.68 (T3) in kg. The average body weight was attained at the end of 13th weeks of experimental periods was 37.33±1.82, 34.45±0.74 and 25.33±0.93 kg in T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively. Significantly lowest body weight at 13th weeks of experiments was recorded in T3 group than compare to T1 and T2 groups which did not differ significantly from each other.


This study was conducted to evaluate menu pattern and nutritional contents of snack menus provided by child care information centers in Seoul. Snack menus during March 2013 (morning snack : 125 cases, afternoon snack : 100 cases), including information on portion size, were collected from five child care information centers, after which the number of menu items, menu patterns, and nutritional contents were analyzed. About two-thirds of total snack menus included two menu items. There were significant differences in service time (morning & afternoon snacks). 'Beverage+Food' pattern (66.7%) was the most commonly used; 'Beverage' pattern was significantly higher in morning snacks (10.4%) than in afternoon snacks (1.0%). Morning and afternoon snacks provided 124.5 and 170.6 kcal of energy and 116.4 and 90.9 mg of calcium, respectively, which are 8.9% and 12.2% as well as 19.4%, and 15.2% of children's daily energy and calcium requirements. To improve the quality of food and nutrition offered to children through snacks at child carre centers, a more detailed snack menu plan as well as nutritional guidelines for institutions should be developed.


Urbanism at Palenque by Edwin L. Barnhart PAGES 10-16 Tonina's Monument 122 (Figure 1) is certainly one of the most famous of all Maya figural sculptures. Peter Mathews was the first to see that the bound yet richly dressed captive is named by the three glyphs on his leg as the Palenque king K'inich K'an Joy Chitam (see Becquelin and Baudez 1982:846). The accompanying caption features a "star" verb for war, and naturally suggests that the Palenque ruler was captured by Tonina on 184.108.40.206.3 13 Ak'b'al 16 Yax, the widely accepted placement for the Calendar Round recorded on the panel (Mathews 2001). From this it has often been assumed that K'inich K'an Joy Chitam was sacrificed soon thereafter (Schele and Freidel 1990:424), and the lack of a death record for him in Palenque's texts seemed to agree with this long-held interpretation.


In the article the questions of evolution of institute of leaders of the nobility are examined in the second half of XIX beginning XX of the centuries (On materials of the Orel province). Changes are analysed in rights, duties and competenses of district and province leaders of the nobility of the Orel province during all post-reform period, up to revolution of 1917 year. The tendency of expansion of plenary powers of leaders of the nobility is traced, in connection with development of the system of local (land and municipal) self-government, that testifi es to transformation of them from narrowly class organs in public, zemsky.


In present paper, based on previous results of Lorentz-invariant Gravitation Theory (LIGT), we consider the solution of the Kepler problem, i.e., the solution of the problem of motion of two bodies in a centrally symmetric gravitational field of a stationary source. It is shown that this solution coincides with that obtained in GR.


Methods: We studied 249 knees of which 123 were from healthy subjects (defined by a score of 0 on the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) index determined from x-rays) and 126 from subjects with mild to severe OA (a KL score of 1 or greater). The subjects were 21-80 years old with an average age of 56 years, and 45% were females. The subjects were submitted to MRI examination of both knees using an Esaote C-Span low-field 0.18 T scanner performing Turbo 3D T1 sequences with an average sagittal slice thickness of 0.81 mm. 31 knees were scanned once more within a week in order to determine inter-scan reproducibility. A software method for automatic cartilage segmentation of MRI data that separates the voxels into cartilage and background based on prior knowledge of the cartilage structure was further developed by incorporating an automatic scheme that normalizes for position variation of the test subjects in the scanner. This normalization was achieved by iteratively first shifting the center of mass found from the automatic segmentation towards a prior center location, and then repeating the automatic segmentation procedure. The medial tibial and femoral cartilage compartments were segmented using this software method and volume estimates were obtained from the segmentation outcome. The estimates were normalized by the width of the tibial plateau in order to enable comparison of test subjects of different sizes. Results: The inter-scan reproducibility for the 31 knees that were scanned twice within a week was evaluated using pairwise difference and linear correlation between pairs of measures. The automatic method yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.96 for the volume estimate between pairs of estimates on the same knee for medial tibial and femoral cartilage (Fig. 1). The mean absolute value of pairwise volume differences was 4.5%. Before making the segmentation robust to position variation the linear correlation coefficient was 0.92 and the mean absolute pairwise difference was 7.6% for the volume estimate. The cartilage volume obtained from the automatic method with position normalization incorporated was significantly lower in OA knees than healthy knees according to an unpaired t-test (p = 0.001).


Motivation: The proliferation of Biomedical research articles has made the task of information retrieval more important than ever. Scientists and Researchers are having difficulty in finding articles that contain information relevant to them. Proper extraction of biomedical entities like Disease, Drug/chem, Species, Gene/protein, can considerably improve the filtering of articles resulting in better extraction of relevant information. Performance on BioNer benchmarks has progressively improved because of progression in transformers-based models like BERT, XLNet, OpenAI, GPT2, etc. These models give excellent results; however, they are computationally expensive and we can achieve better scores for domain-specific tasks using other contextual string-based models and LSTM-CRF based sequence tagger. Results: We introduce BioNerFlair, a method to train models for biomedical named entity recognition using Flair plus GloVe embeddings and Bidirectional LSTM-CRF based sequence tagger. With almost the same generic architecture widely used for named entity recognition, BioNerFlair outperforms previous state-of-the-art models. I performed experiments on 8 benchmarks datasets for biomedical named entity recognition. Compared to current state-of-the-art models, BioNerFlair achieves the best F1-score of 90.17 beyond 84.72 on the BioCreative II gene mention (BC2GM) corpus, best F1-score of 94.03 beyond 92.36 on the BioCreative IV chemical and drug (BC4CHEMD) corpus, best F1-score of 88.73 beyond 78.58 on the JNLPBA corpus, best F1-score of 91.1 beyond 89.71 on the NCBI disease corpus, best F1-score of 85.48 beyond 78.98 on the Species-800 corpus, while near best results was observed on BC5CDR-chem, BC3CDR-disease, and LINNAEUS corpus.


The inhibitory effect of cell wall extracts of streptococci, have been investigated to know host-parasite relationship or pathogenesis of abscess formation. Streptococci isolated from the infected root canals were sonicated to get cell wall extracts which have been known as one of the factors of pyogenesis. Lymphocytes separated by density gradient were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and exposed to cell wall extracts of Streptococcus sanguis, S. mitis, S. uberis, S. mutans (ATCC 10449), and S. faecalis (ATCC 19433). []-thymidine uptake of lymphocytes was analyzed with scintillation counter and lactate dehyrogenase (LD) activity was measured with autochemistry analyzer. S. faeealis had the strongest inhibitory effect. beginning at concentration of sonic extracts. S. sanguis and S. mitis had inhibitory effect at , while S. uberis and S. mutans showed no inhibitory, effect on DNA syntheis even at . Each streptococci showed different inhibitory effect on the DNA synthesis of lymphocytes, which finding indicated wide spectrum of susceptibility of lymphocytes according to streptococcus spp. There were no significant difference of LD activities between control and each streptococcal extracts. Streptococcal sonic extracts did not affect the morphological findings or number of colonies activated lymphocytes. These finding suggested the inhibitory effect of sonic extract of streptococci to lymphocytes could be detected by DNA synthesis inhibition, not by cellular membrane damage.


Course Description: This course presents Occupational Therapy students with evaluation and training techniques to aid people with disabilities in attaining maximum of self-sufficiency in activity of daily living (ADL). The content of course consists of multiple facets of activity of daily living and can be applied to physical, pediatric, and psychosocial areas. Hand-on practices are as stressed as scholarly lectures in this course.


The present invention discloses a plurality of substrates can be simultaneously batch-type heat treatment apparatus for heat treatment and the substrate is heated by the respective heaters to each of said plurality of corresponding substrate and a heater suitable for this batch-type heat treatment apparatus . Batch-type heat treatment apparatus according to the present invention comprises: providing a chamber (100) of the plurality of substrates heat treatment space (10), loading a plurality of substrates (10) and supporting the boat (108) and along the substrate (10) stacking direction of a plurality of predetermined primary heating means (120) arranged at intervals, wherein the main heating means (120) comprises a plurality of main heater unit (200), the substrate (10) arranged in a plurality of main heating unit (120 )between.


The accessibility of cell surface proteins makes them tractable for targeting by cancer immunotherapy, but identifying suitable targets remains challenging. Here we describe plasma membrane profiling of primary human myeloma cells to identify an unprecedented number of cell surface proteins of a primary cancer. We employed a novel approach to prioritize immunotherapy targets and this identified a cell surface protein not previously implicated in myeloma, SEMA4A. Using knock-down by shRNA and CRISPR/dCas9, we demonstrate that expression of SEMA4A is essential for normal myeloma cell growth in vitro, indicating that myeloma cells cannot downregulate the protein to avoid detection. We further show that SEMA4A would not be identified as a myeloma therapeutic target by standard CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens because of exon skipping. Finally, we potently and selectively targeted SEMA4A with a novel antibody-drug conjugate in vitro and in vivo.


Equip each point x of a homogeneous Poisson point process P on R with D-x edge stubs, where the D-x are i.i.d. positive integer-valued random variables with distribution given by mu. Following the ...


Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two different doses of chitosan on serum fat-soluble vitamin concentrations, cholesterol concentrations, and other safety parameters. Methods: A total of 65 men and women consumed 0, 4.5, 6.75 g per day of chitosan or 6.75 g per day glucomannan for eight weeks in a parallel, placebo-controlled, single-blind study. Altogether, 56 participants completed the study. Results: No differences were detected among the treatments in serum vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin E, 25-hydroxyvitamin D), carotenes (α- and β-carotene), clinical chemistry or hematology measurements. The changes in the total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations among the study groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In the present study, the consumption of chitosan tablets was found to be safe, but there was no significant effect on cholesterol concentration.


INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 495 I. KOSOVO: SELF-DETERMINATION AND THE CLASH WITH SOVEREIGNTY .................................................................................... 497 II. KOSOVO'S FAILURE IN PASSING THE MONTEVIDEO "TEST" FOR INDEPENDENCE .................................................................................. 502 III. KOSOVO'S FAILURE TO FULFILL ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS SET OUT BY THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY'S DECLARATION FOR EASTERN EUROPEAN STATES ........................................................... 505 IV. CANADA'S CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATION TO SECESSION WITH RESPECT TO QUEBEC ......................................................................... 510 V. CHINA'S ACTIONS THREATENED TAIWAN'S RIGHT TO SELFDETERMINATION ................................................................................ 514 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 518


Scattering processes in semiconductors, such as electron-phonon scattering, are often thought of as being inherently irreversible. Here we discuss experiments on a 10 fs timescale which show that scattering is reversible for early times.


Photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy were used to study the oxidation characteristics of Cu atoms deposited on two different supports, Au(111) and Mo(001). While a thin, homogeneous Cu2O film grows on gold, metallic Cu deposits develop on the Mo surface. The difference in the oxidation behavior is discussed in terms of the chemical inertness of the substrates and possible interface interactions. A favorable lattice match stabilizes the Cu2O film on Au(111). Conversely, a passivating surface oxide develops on Mo(001), inhibiting Cu oxidation and driving the metal into Volmer–Weber growth. Apparently, the more reactive substrate is not the one that promotes oxidation of the precipitated ad-metal.


This paper is devoted to the process of the bubble mixing biomass in biogas plants and its constructive ensuring. Bubble bioreactor is designed & equipped with a gas distributor made of pipe as a vertical spiral cone- shaped base facing down, with evenly placed openings for biogas output. The proposed design of the gas distributor ensures a spatial uniformity of distributing the bubbling gas, reduces stringency of moving chains of pop gas bubbles, what leads to intensification of interfacial bubbles interaction with the fermentation liquid mass, thereby the intensity of stirring is increasing. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the mixing system on the basis of the bubble gas distributing device are studied. There are the equations for determining the basic structural and technological parameters of the bubble mixing system: radial and axial steps between turns of bubbler, bubble pipe length, the relative volume content of the bubble phase, bubbles ascent rate, duration and energy expenses for one cycle of the bubble mixing. The expressions obtained were used for developing and designing industrial biogas plant. (Kuschev L.A., Uvarov V.A., Shaptala V.G., Suslov D.Y., Dronova G.L., Ramazanov R.S. Hydrodynamics research of bubble mixing biomass process in biogas plants. Life Sci J 2014;11(12):508-512) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 100


As evidence continues to accumulate on the negative impacts of high-stakes accountability testing on instructional practice and student learning, researchers have focused their efforts on the design of new assessment systems that would reverse this trend and instead serve the purpose of improving student learning. In Knowing What Students Know, a committee of the National Research Council (Pellegrino, Chudowsky, & Glaser, 2001) laid out a vision of an ideal assessment system that would support effective, ongoing instructional decisions in the classroom and at the same time provide a more complete body of evidence documenting students' accomplishments for policy purposes. A central feature of KWSK's ideal and balanced assessment system is coherence. To be coherent (and effective in pursuing the same learning goals), a system of classroom and large-scale assessments must share the same underlying models of learning. These learning models are more exacting than the description of learning outcomes represented in today's content standards because they also describe the pathways by which students develop proficiency. In this commentary, I argue that coherence in assessment design cannot be achieved without an agreed-upon curriculum and that this shared curriculum is a tall order, requiring much more substantive elaboration and congruence than is necessarily implied by the currently popular term alignment. Given that previous attempts to reform large-scale assessments, such as by creating authentic assessments (Wiggins, 1989), have fallen short of grand promises because of practical and political constraints (Fetler, 1994; Kirst & Mazzeo, 1996), it is important to recognize how ambitious the KWSK vision is and where it is beyond our present reach. I consider first the impediments


We consider the orbital stability of solitary waves to the double dispersion equation utt−uxx+h1uxxxx−h2uttxx+f(u)xx=0,h1>0,h2>0 with combined power-type nonlinearity f(u)=a|u|pu+b|u|2pu,p>0,a∈R,b∈R,b≠0. The stability of solitary waves with velocity c, c2<1 is proved by means of the Grillakis, Shatah, and Strauss abstract theory and the convexity of the function d(c), related to some conservation laws. We derive explicit analytical formulas for the function d(c) and its second derivative for quadratic-cubic nonlinearity f(u)=au2+bu3 and parameters b>0, c2∈0,min1,h1h2. As a consequence, the orbital stability of solitary waves is analyzed depending on the parameters of the problem. Well-known results are generalized in the case of a single cubic nonlinearity f(u)=bu3.


Knowledge Graph (KG) is a powerful tool for Medical Decision Support(MDS). In this paper, we propose a novel method to construct a knowledge graph of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which combines data mining on limited but typical electronic medical records (EMRs) with expert knowledge. In particular, we leverage data mining to mine the medical regulations, and then convert them into medical knowledge with the help of experts, and finally build the KG accordingly. The goal of data mining is to exclude infrequent patterns which are caused by interference in EMRs. This method takes a different view from knowledge extraction. It avoids over-intervention of experts and subjectivity resulting from experts' direct intervention. This method can also be applied to other professional fields whose training data includes foundation knowledge and empirical information. The constructed KG has been approved by expert evaluation.


Anti-blackness, Yes. Anti-racist, No. Here's why Anti-blackness Gets a Yes: The anti-blackness aspect of racism warrants explicit delineation, because of the particular ways in which its manifestation has taken shape and form since the inception of the United States. Ross (2020) wrote an excellent and informative article in the New York Times on the importance of anti-blackness as a specific form of racism that must be examined and understood differently from the many other forms experienced by other racialized people of color. She writes on the concept in a rigorous, yet accessible manner that yields the reader both a deeper understanding of it and its historical and current manifestations. Given that, for the purposes of this article, I am more focused on the second, now pervasive term "anti-racist."


A comparison of sixth-order Mdler-Plesset perturbation energies (MP6) with the corresponding full configuration interaction (FCI) energies shows that in the case of equilibrium geometries MP6 values differ by just 1.7 mhartree. MP6 correlation energies turn out to be important for systems with oscillatory convergence behavior as well as for systems with considerable multireference character. Contributions from pentuple ( P ) and hextuple ( H ) excitations are mostly positive and smaller than 1 mhartree in the cases investigated. Initial oscillations in the convergence behavior of a MPn series result from positive fifth-order T energy contributions to the correlation energy. In these cases, MP6 correlation energies are relatively large (T contributions dominate the total correlation energy) and absolutely necessary when estimating the convergence limit of the MPn series. MP6 is an O ( M 9 ) method and, therefore, can only be used for relatively small electron systems. More economic alternatives are given by the approximated MP6 methods MP6(M8) and MP6(M7), which involve O(M8) and O(M 7, operations, respectively. According to calculated absolute and relative energies, MP6(M7) is an attractive alternative to full MP6 because it offers reasonable sixth-order results for cost comparable to those of MP4.


Background This study was performed to identify issues of concern to parents after single-event multilevel surgery in ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy. Methods Parents' reports of concern were obtained for 72 ambulatory patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (group H; mean age 8.7 y) and 170 ambulatory patients with diplegia (group D; mean age 8.9 y), who had undergone single-event multilevel surgery and were followed for more than 1 year (mean follow-up 5.5 y). Data were acquired using a postal survey. Issues of concern to parents were evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale (1 to 5) for each of 33 items, which was designed for this study. Results The top 3 issues of concern after surgery were unequal limb circumference, the operative scar, and recurrence in group H, and the operative scar, play activity, and recurrence in group D. Overall concerns were greater in group D (P=0.001) whereas group H was more concerned about appearance such as unequal leg length and circumference (P=0.001, <0.001). The issue of concern that showed the best correlation with parental satisfaction was the insufficient rehabilitation in group H (r=−0.457, P<0.001) and the improvement in walking ability in group D (r=−0.552, P<0.001). Conclusions Even though parental concern over insufficient rehabilitation and improvement in walking ability showed the best correlation with parental satisfaction, related issues such as unequal leg circumference and surgical scar scored high, which appear irrelevant to the purpose of the surgical procedures. Parents' understanding should be established regarding surgical outcomes and limitations before single-event multilevel surgery. Clinicians need to pay more attention to potentially treatable issues that cause concern to parents, such as operative scars. Level of evidence Diagnostic level 3.


The article analyzes the evolution and research fronts of nanotechnology through Information Visualization.We retrieved the whole documents data of nanotechnology papers from 1997 to 2006,which are retrieved by topic word ″nanotechnology″ from the SCI and SSCI of Web of Science.Documents are visualized through a number of co-citation maps by information visualization tool,CiteSpace.The maps show an overall evolution process of nanotechnology and identify a number of pivotal points to stand for the important theories,which promoted the development of nanotechnology research.Five research fronts in the field of nanotechnology,Nano-particles synthesis technologies based on self-assembled;SWNT technology;determination and characterization of molecular nanotechnology and Nano-particles synthesis;molecular-electronics;nano-membrane technology.At last,we discuss the deficiency of the paper and the possible deeper research.


In the Hawaiian Islands, many species of marine macroalgae are eaten by people, as well as by many marine herbivores, notably Hawaiian green sea turtles. The total dietary fiber (TDF) content, which may affect the palatability, digestibility, and nutritional value of seaweed, was determined for 26 species (15 Rhodophyta, 5 Phaeophyta, and 6 Chlorophyta) using an enzymaticgravimetric procedure. The highest TDF (dry weight) values were found in the following three native Hawaiian species: Ahnfeltiopsis concinna 59.8%, Gayralia oxysperma 55.8%, and Sargassum obtusifollium 53.7%. Codium reediae contained the lowest amount of TDF (23.5% dry weight). Thirteen species contained more TDF than wheat bran.


C record of carbonate rocks (δ 13 C carb ), for the selective extinction of heavily calcifi ed marine animals, and for the abrupt transition in carbonate facies across the extinction horizon, an additional proxy is necessary to distinguish among these options. Calcium isotopes hold promise for differentiating between suggested scenarios for change in seawater carbonate chemistry linked with the end-Permian extinction. The calcium cycle is linked to the carbon cycle through the weathering of limestone and the deposition of calcium carbonate sediments. Calcium isotopes fractionate by ~0.6‰ and ~1.3‰ in calcite and aragonite, respectively, during the precipitation of modern carbonate minerals, meaning carbonate sediments are enriched in the lighter isotope relative to the seawater from which they precipitated (Skulan et al., 1997; Tang et al., 2008). Imbalances between calcium delivery and burial fl uxes and changes in the magnitude of fractionation during carbonate deposition will result in changes in the δ 44/40 Ca of seawater and will be recorded in marine sediments (DePaolo, 2004; Farkao et al., 2007). Therefore, variation in the δ


This article is the result of collective work of a group of teachers from the UNESCO Chair of Young and Adult Education in the Institute of Education at the University of the Republic, Uruguay. Its central aim is to describe and analyze how the evolution that the idea of adult education has developed in the historical context of education in Uruguay. In the first place, a historical review of the concept of adult education in Uruguay is carried out, identifying the organizational institutions and other associations dealing with the subject. Secondly, the authors present some significant experiences and reflections on the history of these educational policies and practices with both adults and young people.


Introduction Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the most serious surgical conditions in paediatrics. Neonates may suffer necrotising enterocolitis (NJ% intussusception, midgut volvulus and strangulated intestinal hernia. The most common cause of morbidity and mortality in necrotising enterocolitis is multiple organ failure, especially involving the liver. It has been demonstrated that intestinal IR activates the release of inflammatory mediators and promotes leukocyte-endothelial cellular adhesion. Generalised microvascular injury is produced in both local and remote organs (1). A rat model of intestinal IR created by occluding and deoccluding the superior mesenteric artery has been used in several centres to study the pathophysiology of this condition, and a previous study of liver metabolites from our group by 31P MRS in vitro showed that 90 min of intestinal ischemia followed by 60 min of intestinal reperfusion significantly affected hepatic energy metabolism (2).


Article history: Received 4 February 2016 Received in revised form 2 April 2016 Accepted 9 April 2016 Aquifers are underground porous domains containing groundwater. Confined aquifers are surrounded by the impermeable layers. They are saturated by pressurized water and are suitable for energy storage purposes. They have low thermal conductivity and large storage volume. In design of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) an applicable model is necessary to predict the aquifer behavior. In this research, by developing a three dimensional finite volume model via FLUENT software, the effects of operative parameters on pressure distribution are investigated. In the ATES, heat transfer is performed by both convection and conduction phenomena. The convective heat transfer in the ATES is occurred because of pressure gradient and hence, recognition of effects of operative parameters on pressure distribution is essential. These effective parameters are some geological parameters such as groundwater natural flow, porosity and permeability, injection and withdrawal rates from wells, number and arrangement (being linear, triangular or rectangular) of wells. © 2016 Razi University-All rights reserved.


This paper is concerned with the quantitative analysis of some of the factors which determine the strength of cordage strands and plied yarns. When integrated with the analyses covered in Part IX of this series [1], a complete picture is given of the effects of the factors considered on translation of the strength of cordage fibers into singles yarns, strands, or plied yarns and, by direct projection, into cordage ropes. The problem is solved by a combined mechanical-statistical analysis similar in type to that given previously [1], assuming simplified idealized geometrical forms and a normal distribution of yarn properties. It is shown that such assumptions produce results which agree, within the limits of engineering accuracy, with experiment. Checks were available for: 9-rope strands of varying twist structure, all made of Manila abaca fiber; a small Sansevieria 3-ply rope; and small size bundles of Manila abaca fiber used as laboratory models to illustrate the effect of the number of singles in a strand or plied yarn. The factors which are analyzed mathematically for their mechanical effects include: singles yarn twist; strand or plied yarn twist; number of singles which are stranded; elastic properties of the singles yarns; and uniformity of the mechanical properties of the singles yarns. Significant losses occur in the translation of the strength of the yarns into the strands and ropes, efficiencies of the order of 75% being theoretically calculated and experimentally verified. How ever, the major cause of the low over-all 40% translation of fiber strength into strands and ropes resides in the low fiber-to-yarn translation of only 55%. The losses from yarns to strands are indicated to result from both low uniformity of yarn elongation to break and inclination of yarns to the strand and rope axes, these effects being equal in magnitude for most of the structures studied. The coefficients of variation of yarn rupture elongation of about 10% for the yarns examined in this work appear, on the basis of the inherent variability of 20%-30% for their con stituent fibers, to be the result of nonuniformities created by processing. Such levels of nonuni formity do not lend themselves, at present, to significant reduction by alterations of manufacturing techniques. Thus, it appears that improvements in yarn-to-strand or -plied yarn translational efficiencies can be practically accomplished only by strand and rope twist reductions or by the use of more extensible fibers and yarns. Results of the simplified geometric analyses are checked by comparison with the results of a more precise geometrical analysis of plied structures as developed by Chow [4]. Differences between the results of the two approaches are shown to be negligible for practical ranges of twisted struc tures, justifying the assumptions leading to the simplified analyses. The results, which are presented graphically over a range of the variables in excess of those presently used in cordage structures, are immediately applicable to the engineering calculations of strength of cordage structures, tire cord, and sewing threads. The limits of applicability are defined by the validity of the assumed simplified geometry.


Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism is reported to be associated with muscle mass and muscle strength. Loss of skeletal muscle mass and decreased muscle strength are the main characteristics of sarcopenia. In this study, the relationship of VDR gene polymorphism with muscle traits (muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance) and sarcopenia were studied in Xinjiang, China.


The invention provides a multifunctional health care pillow. The multifunctional health care pillow comprises a front neck pillow, shoulder pillows A on the two sides of the front neck pillow and a head pillow at the rear end of the front neck pillow. Memory foam is arranged in the health care pillow, the portion, making contact with the cervical vertebra, of the front neck pillow is provided with a plurality of protrusions filled with particulate matter, a far infrared heating body is arranged below the protrusions, the inside of the memory foam is hollow and provided with an adjusting threaded rod, a plurality of adjusting supports are arranged on the adjusting threaded rod and hinged to nuts, the nuts are in thread engagement with the adjusting threaded rod, a linkage sleeve is arranged between every two adjusting supports, and an adjusting handle is arranged at one end of the adjusting threaded rod. The multifunctional health care pillow is provided with the device capable of adjusting the height, the suitable height of the pillow can be adjusted for each person, and the multifunctional health care pillow has remarkable effects on relieving cervical muscle strain and the tonus and stiff muscles, correcting poor cervical curvature and promoting sleep, so that sleep quality of people is greatly improved.


The utility model discloses a single-action piston hydraulic cylinder. A piston and a piston rod are arranged in an inner cavity of the cylinder body, a rear end cover is arranged at the rear end of the cylinder body, an oil inlet channel is formed in the rear end cover, a buffering base is arranged at the front end of the rear end cover, a through hole coaxially arranged with the oil inlet channel is formed in the buffering base, and a buffering rod is arranged in the through hole in a penetrating mode. The inner diameter of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the buffering rod, so that an oil passing gap is formed between the through hole and the buffering rod. A limiting block with the diameter larger than that of the through hole is arranged at the rear end of the buffering rod, the front end of the buffering rod is connected to the rear end of the piston rod, and an elastic reset mechanism is installed on the portion, between the piston rod and the buffering base, of the buffering rod in a sleeved mode. The single-action piston hydraulic cylinder is simple in structure, convenient to use and low in manufacturing cost, damage to the hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic system caused when a large box is pushed by high pressure oil can be obviously reduced, meanwhile, it is guaranteed that the large box is suddenly jacked by the oil cylinder under high pressure, and the expected effects are achieved.


Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are a critical component for self-driving vehicles. They achieve impressive performance by reaping information from high amounts of labeled data. Yet, the full complexity of the real world cannot be encapsulated in the training data, no matter how big the dataset, and DNNs can hardly generalize to unseen conditions. Robustness to various image corruptions, caused by changing weather conditions or sensor degradation and aging, is crucial for safety when such vehicles are deployed in the real world. We address this problem through a novel type of layer, dubbed StyleLess, which enables DNNs to learn robust and informative features that can cope with varying external conditions. We propose multiple variations of this layer that can be integrated in most of the architectures and trained jointly with the main task. We validate our contribution on typical autonomous-driving tasks (detection, semantic segmentation), showing that in most cases, this approach improves predictive performance on unseen conditions (fog, rain), while preserving performance on seen conditions and objects.


This article is based on the premise that the aid establishment views Africa as probably the world's last backwater. Simply put, bureaucrats, politicians, and other policymakers in the western world are rather content with Africa's present status, an attitude that not only accords with their career aspirations, but also spawns a certain amount of sybaritic pleasure about the inclement condition of the continent. It is against this background that this article examines the motives and aspirations of the international observers in the Nigerian electoral process, focusing on the attitudes and the impact of the observers in the 1998 local government elections. International electoral observation and monitoring are an integral part of the global dimensions of democratization. Many writers have averred that one major reason for the upswing in Africa's quest to democratize is the cessation of the power play between Moscow and Washington.


Solutions are presented for the aerothermal heating environments about blunt probes entering the atmosphere of Jupiter. The analysis employs a novel prediction procedure in which finite differences versions of the thin layer fluid dynamic equations are solved simultaneously with, and coupled to, a fully detailed radiation flux model. Predictions are presented and compared with those of earlier investigators. Radiative blowing corrections are presented for on- and off-stagnation point conditions. The use of a blowing correlation based on the retained mass was found to be useful for off-stagnation point conditions.


Based on the data of environmental multi - proxy of lake sediments from Core 2 in Lake Swan, one of the tail-lakes of Heihe River, the contained information of climate changes and human activities is distilled. The evolution of Lake Swan during recent 200 years is divided into 7 phases according to the information recorded by lake sediment. In each phases different factors affected the lake evolution on different levels,and the combining effect of both climate changes and human activities led evolution of Lake Swan and the environmenta changes of Ejina Oasis. The natural climate change played a leading role in the process of evolvement of Lake Swan during recent 200 years, and human activities affected the lake environment greatly especially in special periods.


According to VXIbus plug and play Specification about driver model,the driver which operates high speed synchronization data acquisition board based on VXIbus is designed.It is capable of achieving continuous/trigger data acquisition,with the advatages of VXI Register-Based board.


This paper describes the development of an instrument for assessing enterprise capability in schools. The approach to assessing enterprise capability builds on previous work by including three dimensions: self-efficacy, aspirations and knowledge and awareness. We find significant but weak associations between these three constructs suggesting that that, whilst they can be considered as providing a coherent description of enterprise capability they can also be regarded as distinct dimensions. The instrument also distinguishes between aspiration towards not-for-profit and for-profit enterprise and also between self-efficacy towards two broad enterprise capabilities: (i) project planning and (ii) working with people and information and two specific, market related capabilities: (iii) market risk and (iv) price and profit. We found only modest associations between students' sense of enterpriser self-efficacy and their enterprise knowledge and awareness.


In spite of the fact that "purity" and "pollution" have been given a prominence in the study of Indian society unequaled by any other indigenous concepts, little attention has been paid to the explication of the content and structure of these as Indian conceptual categories. This paper is intended as a contribution to that explication and an argument for the central place of linguistic analyses in it. The paper contains a structural semantic analysis of the language of "purity" and "pollution" in Kannada and suggests a semiotic framework for integrating that analysis with others, both linguistic and nonlinguistic. [India, purity and pollution, ethnographic semantics, semiotics]


This paper presents Radial Basis Function Neural Network based approach for automatic Power Quality (PQ) disturbance classification. The input features of the Neural Network are extracted using Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) and they are given as input to the Radial Basis Function Neural network. The data required to develop the network are generated by creating various faults in a test system. The proposed method requires less number of features and less memory space without losing its original property.


Stewart Bluefarb syndrome is a var iant of acroangiodermatitis, also known as Pseudo-Kaposi sarcoma. Acroangiodermatitis is an uncommon condition characterized by reactive proliferation of cutaneous blood vessels in response to chronic circulatory disturbance. It is often seen in association with various vascular anomalies such as venous insufficiency, arteriovenous shunts etc [1]. Stewart Bluefarb syndrome presents in young patients due to underlying arteriovenous malformation. It appears unilaterally, over the dorsum of foot, ankle or calf. Clinically, this condition presents as erythematous to violaceous, indurated plaques, usually located over lower extremities [2]. It may be associated with edema or hypertrophy of affected foot or limb. Although, it's a benign condition, it needs to be differentiated from a well known, imitating malignant condition, Kaposi's sarcoma. Due to rarity of this condition, we report a case of Stewart Bluefarb syndrome in a 25 year old female. CASE REPORT


We have recommended utilizing the characteristic of MAX +PLUSII experiment digital circuit experiment emulation and application in the digital circuit experiment


In this issue of the Journal, Detopoulou et al (1) report that higher dietary intakes of choline and betaine in the Greek population reduce inflammation as assessed by several biomarkers in blood. The effects of dietary choline and betaine on inflammatory biomarkers were of the same magnitude as those reported for the Mediterranean diet. More than 3000 persons were studied in the cross-sectional ATTICA study, and individuals in the highest tertile for dietary intake of choline and betaine had significantly lower plasma C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factorconcentrations than did persons in the lowest tertile of intake. This new observation supports the findings of several other major population studies during the past 2 y on the associations between high dietary intakes of choline and betaine and markers of disease: plasma total homocysteine [a risk factor for heart disease; inverse association in the Framingham Study (2) and in the Nurses' Health Study (3)], atherosclerosis [marginally positive association in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study (4) and in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (5)], and colorectal adenoma (positive association in the Nurses' Health Study; 6). An article on these nutrients and their associations with breast cancer in a large population study is under review (negative association in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study). Why is there such interest in dietary choline and betaine? Choline is derived not only from the diet but also through biosynthesis in the liver (7). Choline is used to make membrane phospholipids and to make acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter (7). Betaine, a metabolite of choline, is an important methyl group donor used in the remethylation of homocysteine to form methionine (6). When deprived of dietary choline and betaine, most adult men and postmenopausal women develop a deficiency syndrome characterized by signs of organ dysfunction (fatty liver as well as liver or muscle cell death) (8). Only a subset of premenopausal women developed such a deficiency. The difference in requirement occurs because estrogen induces the liver PEMT gene, which allows premenopausal women to make more of their needed choline endogenously (9). In addition, there is significant variation in the dietary requirement for choline that can be explained by common genetic polymorphisms (10). Choline is critical during fetal development (rodents), when it influences stem cell proliferation and apoptosis, thereby altering brain structure and function (7). Similarly it influences neural tube development in humans (7). When food-composition tables that include these nutrients recently became available from the US Department of Agriculture (Internet: www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/ foodcomp/Data/Choline/Choline.html), it became possible to examine the associations between dietary intake and chronic diseases. Is the association between choline and betaine intake and inflammation likely to be real? Diets high in choline are also high in eggs and meat; diets high in betaine are likely to be high in plant foods. In US populations the average choline intake was 320–380 mg/d with a 3-fold variation between highest and lowest intakes (2, 4, 6). In the Greek population, choline intake and variation was similar. In US populations, the average betaine intake was shown to be 110–190 mg/d (2, 4, 6); however, in Greeks, the average intake was shown to be substantially higher (310 mg/d). Betaine is usually a component of plants, which suggests that Greeks have a different dietary pattern than do Americans; ie, Greeks consume more of a plant-based diet than do Americans. Because Detopoulou et al reported similar effects on inflammation for both choline and betaine intakes, it is reasonable to conclude that the antiinflammatory effect they report was not exclusively due to a difference in meat, egg, or vegetable intake. Epidemiologic studies have limitations and can only suggest associations; they can easily be confounded. For example, in the Nurses' Health Study (6), women who ate more choline in their diets also exercised more, ate more folic acid, smoked less, and used aspirin more. A higher betaine intake was associated with a lower body mass index (6). However, there are plausible biological mechanisms that could underlie the observations of decreased inflammation in Greeks who consumed more betaine and choline. The finding that both choline and betaine had an effect suggests that the response was mediated by some common pathway, possibly methylation and the removal of homocysteine. Diets high in choline and betaine lower plasma homocysteine concentrations (2, 3), as do treatments with dietary supplements of these nutrients (11, 12). Also, patients with homocysteinuria have elevated biomarkers of inflammation (13). It is possible that epigenetic mechanisms, via the methylation of promoter regions of genes involved in inflammation, are responsible for the observed association between dietary choline


A mathematical model of a six-bed, ten-step PSA operation is developed. The process cycle considered resembles an industrial hydrogen recovery process from the refinery fuel gas. Three hydrocarbon impurities (methane, ethane, and propane) are considered in the feed gas. The adsorbent used is activated carbon. The nonisothermal, bulk separation PSA model adopts the linear driving force approximation for particle uptake and the extended Langmuir isotherm to represent adsorption equilibrium. A transient pressure equation is incorporated to account for the dynamics in variable pressure steps. The model was verified using experimental results from a computer-controlled, laboratory-scale PSA unit. Considering the complexity of operation, comparison of various stream flow rates, concentrations, bed pressure and temperature profiles indicates that the model provides a sufficiently accurate prediction of the PSA performance. Parametric studies further show that its product purity declines relatively quickly with increasing cycle time and decreasing high operating pressure due to the breakthrough of a relatively sharp methane front. There is no real advantage in operating the PSA unit beyond a high operating pressure of about 18.0 bar.


This paper presents the evolution of control systems and trends in the field of integrated computer, communication and cognitive sciences for control applications. There have been selected and presented the most efficient control strategies used in complex process control, as well as the limitations of model-based approaches in cases that imply complex, non-linear and uncertain process models. Concepts for autonomous control of complex systems by the integration of intelligent methodologies are analyzed. Some aspects of hybrid intelligent control are considered and new directions of research towards creating a new generation of control systems are presented. The paper also includes a review of the evolution of computer controlled applications and a new paradigm - C4 - is analyzed from concept to application. Therefore, the transition from C2 to C4 paradigm is illustrated in the context of integrating computers, communication and cognition in control. Finally, advanced control techniques for manufacturing are presented, including intelligent agents, leading to large Intelligent Manufacturing Systems. Some trends in the control of complex systems are presented, including multi-agent technology and hybrid systems formalism.


The anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes is one of the most important economic risk factors in grazing ruminant systems, all over the world [1]. Underdosing (i.e. a subtherapeutic dose rate) is one of the most important factors contributing to the development of AR [2]. In this study, we aimed to determine the presence of BZ resistance in the generalist worm, Haemonchus contortus in a microregion, where the resources partly shared by sheep, free-ranging red and roe deer and in a farmed red deer herd (Fig. 1). In this survey, we used a RFLP-PCR method [3]; and the nomenclature of genotype and allele frequency, we followed detailed by Pierce [4], and their proportions were determined with 95% confidence interval (CI95%). For comparison of genotypes and alleles in the ruminant populations, the chi-square test was performed with Bonferroni correction using R statistical software i386 3.3.0 version.


The problems of personal autonomy and privacy that have arisen with the rapid development of information technology are explored. The concept of personal space is introduced using a systemic approach and the foundations for a theory of personal space are developed. The conclusion is made about the pulsating nature of the boundaries of personal space. We consider the influence of information technology on the dynamics of personal space boundaries. The proposed approach is extended to neuroinformational technologies. The phenomenon of personal space narrowing inside the mental sphere of the person and the reaction of the individual in the form of blocking of external influences are discussed. It is emphasised that the current legislation does not regulate the relations arising in the process of neuroinformational interaction. Since the rate of IT progress is incompatible with the traditionally conservative nature of the legislation, it is suggested that the solution to this contradiction should be sought in the area of experimental jurisprudence.


Intraosseous haemangioma is an uncommon bone tumour accounting for less than 1% of bone tumours. They occur most frequently in the vertebral column (30-50%) and skull (20%), whereas involvement of other sites (including the long bones, short tubular bones, and ribs is extremely rare. We report a very rare case of intraosseous mixed haemangioma of left second rib. CT confirmed the mass was confined to the left 2nd rib. During the thoracotomy, a firm mass measuring 7 x 9 x 5 cm was found to have destroyed the middle and posterior parts of the left 2nd rib. Together with the adjacent intercostal muscles, the 2nd rib was excised en-block. Postoperative pathology was mixed haemangioma involving the cortical part of the rib. This rare case adds to the literature as Mixed intraosseous haemangioma of the rib involving only cortical segment with no intramedullary extension is very very rare with no such case reported previously to the best of our knowledge. INTRODUCTION The diagnosis of rib haemangioma is often forgotten in the differential diagnosis of a chest wall tumor. Half of primary chest wall tumors are malignant; hence, accurate diagnosis is imperative (1). Hemangiomas occurring in the ribs are extremely rare, with only a handful reported in the literature (2,3) Histologically,haemangiomas appear as a proliferation of normal vascular elements with interspersed fatty overgrowth and can be categorized as one of five histologic subtypes : capillary, cavernous, venous, arteriovenous, or mixed (4,5). As there is a wide range of radiological patterns, accurate preoperative diagnosis of non-classical skeletal haemangioma is difficult to make. Bone haemangiomas are usually asymptomatic, and either discovered incidentally or at autopsy. In our case, the patient presented with upper back pain, shortness of breath and coughing.Patient underwent thoracotomy and histopathology showed mixed capillary and cavernous haemangioma involving only the cortical segment of left 2nd rib. This case report adds to the literature on this rare condition and discusses the issues in the diagnosis of chest wall tumors. CASE REPORT A 25-year-old female patient presented with upper back pain, shortness of breath and coughing. One month after the onset of her complaints, she was referred to our hospital. Patient had undergone thoracotomy for the similar complaint thirteen years back and was asymptomatic till the last one month period. The present fallout may be either a growth from incomplete excision of the lesion or a recurrence. On general examination she was moderately built and nourished, vital parameters were stable and systemic examination showed no gross irregularity except decreased breath sounds in the left upper chest and left supra scapular region. Bio-chemical Investigations were within normal limit .ECG showed normal Sinus Rhythm. 2D Echo revealed normal sized chambers. No RWMA with good biventricular function. No MR/AR/TR No PE / Clot. Mixed Intraosseous Haemangioma Of The RibA Rare Entity 2 of 6 Figure 1 X RAY CHEST X ray chest showed a sharp well-defined homogenous opacity is noted in left upper zone, silhouetting the 1st left rib posteriorly. Air bronchogram was not noted within the lesion. No satellite lesions noted. Adjacent lung showed no focal parenchymal lesion. Aortic contour appeared normal. It appeared as posterior lesion as it is crossing above the clavicle Cervicothoracic sign. Figure 2 Osteolytic lesion arising from the medial aspect of the left 2nd rib Sagittal reformatted MDCT post-contrast image showed a well-defined globular expansive osteolytic involving posterior aspect of 2nd rib. The lesion is showed heterogenous intense post-contrast enhancement, with peripheral rim calcification & few scattered foci of calcification. The lesion seems to be extending posteriorly in the region of apicoposterior segment of left upper lobe. Mediastinum and visualized abdomen appeared normal. Figure 3 A heterogenous expansive osteolytic soft tissue lesion is seen involving 2nd left rib posteriorly with scattered foci of calcification. The lesion is showing inhomogenous enhancement after contrast administration with few vascular sinuses. Lesion is located left and superior to arch of aorta. Visualised vessels, trachea, esophagus and other structures appear normal. Figure 4a & b Shows tumor blush.i.e. feeding vessels to the rib lesion(probably from posterior intercostsl artery), indicating vascularity of the lesion .(b) post-emolization angiographic film after check-up contrast injection which shows significant reduction in tumor blush The patient underwent thoracotomy and a firm to hard mass, measuring 7 x 9 x7 cm was identified as destroying the middle and posterior parts of the Left 2nd rib and protruding into the thoracic cavity. Adhesions were present between tumour and Posterior segment of left upper lobe of lung. Mixed Intraosseous Haemangioma Of The RibA Rare Entity 3 of 6 Figure 5 Posterlateral thoracotomy Figure 6 Excised Specimen showing the exophytic 2nd rib lesion Figure 7 Gross pathological examination shows lesion has infiltrated part of rib Figure 8 Mixed capillary and cavernous pattern of Intraosseous haemangioma Figure 9 Microscopy shows a conglomerate of thin-walled blood vessels with adjacent bony trabeculae. Vascular channels comprise dilated vessels. Mixed Intraosseous Haemangioma Of The RibA Rare Entity 4 of 6 Figure 10 Patient showing the operated wound on 5th postoperative day No post operative complications occurred and patient was discharged on the 7th post operative day with supportive medicines and further follow up advice. DISCUSSION Osseous hemangiomas are usually identified in middle-aged patients more often women. Most of this lesions are discovered as an incidental finding for unrelated reasons, but in the presence of a pathologic fracture there may be soft tissue swelling or pain . The fact that our case was symptomatic may be attributable to its size (7 x 9 x 7 cm). We believe that the pleural irritation by the tumour was the cause of the upper back pain and its compression on the bronchi of the coughing and dyspnea. Bone haemangioma are usually solitary but up to one-third of cases can have multiple lesions. Bone haemangioma usually occur in the medullary cavity and, less commonly, in the cortex, periosteum and subperiosteal regions.(6) In our case, the lesion was confined to the cortex with no medullary extension signifying the rarity of the lesion. Establishing the diagnosis before surgery is difficult and, given the non-specific nature of the radiographic features, it is easy to confuse these tumours with other malignant bone lesions which may require extensive resection (7). Radiographically a radiolucent, slightly expansile and well defined intraosseous lesion with a radiating trabecular pattern is highly suggestive of hemangioma for extraspinal sites . CT or MRI are useful for assessing changes in bone trabeculae. MRI features of hemangiomas depend on the proportion of fat and vascularity of the lesions. Fat content reveals high signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images, whereas vascular parts show high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Because hemangiomas rarely occur in the ribs, they are often misdiagnosed. The differential diagnosis of a rib lesion includes primary tumors and metastatic lesions. Examples of primary malignant bone tumors include myeloma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Benign primary rib lesions include osteochondroma, enchondroma, fibrous dysplasia, eosinophilic granuloma and aneurysmal bone cysts. Some rib lesions, such as fibrous dysplasia, aneurysmal bone cysts and osteochondroma, may have characteristic imaging findings that allow a specific diagnosis (8,9). Preoperative diagnosis of a chest wall tumor by imaging alone is often not possible, and definitive diagnosis by biopsy or resection may be required With regard to deciding on a biopsy versus a resection of a solitary rib lesion, a biopsy (fine needle, core or open) of a hemangioma can result in significant bleeding (10). Moreover, many bone tumors are inhomogeneous on histological examination; hence, studying small samples (as opposed to a wholly excised specimen) can be misleading (11). A complete resection of the rib lesion, if feasible, may be the best option once other investigations confirm that the lesion is solitary. Some other management options for symptomatic hemangiomas include radiotherapy, transarterial embolization and alcohol injection. In conclusion, we add a very rare case of mixed intraosseous hemangioma to the existing literature. The exceptional rarity of these lesions should make us reflect on their etiology and pathogenesis, trying to understand why hemangiomas are more frequent in some areas and so rare in others. References 1. Shimizu K, Yamashita Y, Hihara J, Seto Y, Toge T. Cavernous hemangioma of the rib. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 74:932−934. 2. Clements RH, Turnage RB, Tyndal EC. Hemangioma of the rib: a rare diagnosis. Am Surg 1998; 64:1027−1029. 3. . Ortega W, Mahboubi S, Dalinka MK, Robinson T. Computed tomography of rib hemangiomas. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1986; 10:945−947. 4. MURPHEY M. D., FAIRBAIRN K. J., PARMAN L. M., BAXTER K. G.,PARSA M. B., SMITH W. S. From the archives of AFIP.Musculoskeletal angiomatous lesions : radiologic-pathologiccorrelation. RadioGraphics, 1995, 15 : 893-917. Mixed Intraosseous Haemangioma Of The RibA Rare Entity 5 of 6 5. LY J. Q., SANDERS T. G. Case 65 : haemangioma of the chest wall. Radiology, 2003, 229 : 726-9. 6. Devaney K, Vinh TN, Sweet DE. Surface-based hemangiomas of bone. A review of 11 cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1994; (300):233-40. 7. SANTIAGO RECUERDA A., CORPA RODRIGUEZ M. E., GARCIA-SANCHEZGIRON J., DIAZ-AGERO ALVAREZ P., VAZQUEZ PELILLO J., CASILLASPAJUELO M. Vascular tumours arising in the chest wall : 25 years'experience. Arch Broncopnemol, 2005, 41 : 53-56. 8. Jeung MY, Gangi A, Gasser B et al. Imaging of ch


Based on the experimental results to date, several conclusions were drawn. Core drilling and determination of soil boron concentrations is recommended before reuse of the land occurs, after dry scrubber ground waste disposal. If proper fixation techniques can be developed, dry scrubber wastes have the potential for use as an impounding agent in the codisposal of chemical wastes containing lead, cadmium, and other elements whose leachability decreases with increasing pH. Where large amounts of acidic flyash are codisposed with dry scrubber wastes, addition of lime or limestone to the wastes may be warranted to reduce the leachability of potentially hazardous metals. The sensitivity of certain elements to leaching at, or about pH 5 needs to be further investigated. Of the elements discussed here, only lead and cadmium appear to be concentrated preferentially in the flyash collected by the cyclone separators.


We study the effect of Stacking Fault Energy (SFE) on the deformation behaviour of copper and copper-aluminium alloys using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. We find that both yield stress and the magnitude of stress drop at yield decrease with increasing Al content. This "anomalous" softening behaviour is explained on the basis of nucleation controlled yielding behaviour. Further, the decrease in stress drop is rationalised in terms of the stored energy available at yielding - we show that this decreases with increasing Al. As a result, the maximum dislocation density is found to decrease with increasing Al content. Finally, we show that the yield stress calculated using a continuum model of homogeneous nucleation of partial loops agrees well with the yield stress seen in the simulations.


Abstract Iterative Gauss-Seidel or Jacobi methods have been extensively used worldwide to solve mixed model equations arising in genetic evaluation, but convergence rates have been very low and central memory requirements high for most applications of animal models with large data files. A new computing algorithm is proposed that is especially adapted to dairy cattle evaluation using all lactations, with group effects for unknown parents only, and without stringent limitations on the number of fixed effects included in the model. The iterative procedure takes advantage of the known structure of the coefficient matrix after absorption of permanent environmental effects. The proposed strategy, although more complex to implement than classical iterative methods, does not require computers with extremely large central memory and appears to have a satisfactory convergence rate. The method is illustrated by a numerical example dealing with milk yield evaluation of the Normande breed (2,019,137 females).


Self-discharge in supercapacitors is a major challenge and it's mainly determined by the property of the electrolyte. The emergence of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) provides a promising research frontier, but...


This document describes the law enforcement charter and activities of the United States Customs Service and the internal technology organization that supports it, the Applied Technology Division. The enforcement activities of Customs include interdiction, outbound anti-smuggling, investigation and surveillance, processing of documentation and data, and detection of drugs and other contraband. An overview of the various technologies applied in support of these activities over the past 25 years is provided. Additionally, technologies proposed for implementation in the future are discussed.


The World Energy Council ranks the Danish energy system among best in the world judging by the energy trilemma criteria: energy security, energy equity, and sustainability. District heating (DH) and CHPs are pivotal for this ranking. This brief historical account illustrates how a mix of historical events, collective societal experiences, cultural and political values inform the Danish history of DH and CHPs. After the global energy crisis in the 1970s, public and political sentiment called for energy independence, alternatives to imported fuels, and alternatives to nuclear power. National-scale collective heat infrastructure planning initiatives targeted the energy policy objectives: energy independence, fuel diversification, and energy efficiency, and a political culture of broad coalition agreements made the necessary long-term planning possible. In the following decades, growing environmental awareness and concern called for renewable energy resources as alternatives to fossil fuels. Research considered the role of collective memories and temporal distance (i.e., time) for this sociotechnical journey; it notes the innovative thinking, re-use/re-cycling and energy efficiency focus that still characterize the Danish DH communities today, and it suggests that the intangible, yet reliable nature of heat could lead to the rebound effect in end-user heat-consumption behaviours. The methodological question of how, and to what extent, historical insights and lessons learnt may be translated across contexts is raised and discussed. Although sociotechnical trajectories may have granted the Danish energy system a head-start in the global race towards low-carbon energy transitions, perhaps the route was less direct than popularly portrayed. The Danish DH sector currently faces challenges of growing biomass import dependency, but also the potentials of sector coupling and energy flexibility. Energy efficiency and energy flexibility potential may be harvested via DH and district cooling solutions in future 'smart' energy systems globally. Hopefully, insights and lessons learnt from this brief history of Danish DH and CHPs prove informative elsewhere.


Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) (0, 0.1, 1, or 5 μg) was injected into the autogeneous semitendinosus tendon, and the tendon was transplanted to the region of the medial meniscus defect in a rabbit model to repair the defect. Cartilaginous transformation of the tendon by rhBMP-2 was expected under the less-vascularized intra-articular environment. At four and eight weeks after surgery, the left knee joints were harvested, and the morphological changes of the graft were examined by radiological, histological, and immunohistochemical methods. Cartilaginous tissue within the graft was detected by Safranin O staining and immunostaining of Type-II collagen. At four weeks, fibrocartilagenous tissue, together with small ossicles, was consistently noted in tendon autografts that were injected with 1 or 5 μg of rhBMP-2. At eight weeks, the cartilage located at the basal part of the graft adjacent to the joint capsule was partially replaced with ectopic bone in the 1-μg or 5-μg groups. The ossicles might have been formed by vascular invasion into the rhBMP-2-induced cartilage, but the cartilageous structure remained at the peripheral part of the graft and filled the meniscus defect. The experimental results indicate the potential use of rhBMP-2 in regenerating the cartilaginous meniscus if additional methods to suppress vascular invasion into the rhBMP-2–induced cartilage also inhibit ossification.


The pulsed laser crystallization of amorphous silicon carbon (aSiC) thin films have been implemented by using XeCl excimer laser. The aSiC thin films were prepared on silicon and quartz substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The surface morphology, atomic order and phase of the asdeposited and post annealing films have been analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman scattering spectroscopy. AFM results show that aSiC films can be nanocrystallized at a proper laser energy. The size of nanocrystals in the post annealing films increases with the laser energy density; the separation into crystalline silicon and carbon after laser annealing is identified through Raman analysis. The mechanism of the pulsed laser crystallization of aSiC films is discussed to account for the post annealing characteristics.


The aim of this study was to establish the correlation between natural water pollutions and the prevalence of heart diseases. We analyzed the data from the 2014 Federal Service Report on the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population. The correlation analysis of data on mortality and primary morbidity of the population was carried out, the correlation between the quality of natural water and cardiovascular diseases of the population was established. The complex method of water quality assessment according to the data of hydrochemical monitoring of the Azov Sea and rivers flowing into it were used in the investigation, the influence of the main pollutants such as copper and manganese on the dynamics of cardiovascular diseases according to mortality and primary morbidity for the population of Taganrog was considered. As conclusion we can state that statistical association between water intake and heart diseases exists in the region of analysis. However, further studies on water intake are needed to confirm our findings.


Conjoint analysis is a technique heavily used in industry to infer the consumer's preferences. Actually, choice based conjoint analysis seems more reliability than rating based conjoint analysis. This paper proposes a review of choice based conjoint analysis. We illustrate this by a study made in US on cars tires.


Experimental septic shock was produced by giving a suspension of live Escherichia coli intravenously in dogs, confirming the hemodynamic and the biochemical alternations related to shock. The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) and steroid on hemodynamics in septic shock were evaluated. In conclusion, it was evident that PGI, and/or steroid administration led to an increase in blood flow of the superior mesenteric vein (SMVB) in septic shock in spite of an increase in that of the hepatic artery (HAB) as well as cardiac output (CO) even at short interval. It was defined that tissue perfusion of the liver (HtB) was not improved, reflecting the impairment,of microcirculation in the liver although that of the small bowel (SBtB) was raised. This study, however, lends support to finding that administration of PGI2 and steroid benefits the liver from protection against liver cell damage, keeping on increasing HAB, SMVB, SBtB, and CO even in short term.


In this opening section of the Aging Brain we set the stage for the contributions that follow by providing a broad overview of the latest advances in our understanding of how the brain changes, both structurally and functionally, across the adult lifespan. We leave domain-specific aspects of brain aging to the subsequent chapters, where contributors will provide more targeted accounts of brain change germane to their particular focus on the aging brain. Here we review the extant, and rapidly expanding literature to provide a brief overview and introduction to structural and functional change that occur with typical brain aging. We begin the chapter by looking back, to review some of the early discoveries about how the brain changes across the adult lifespan. We close the chapter by looking forward, towards new discoveries that challenge our core assumptions about the inevitability or irreversibility of age-related brain changes. These sections serve as bookends for the core of the chapter where we review the latest research advances that continue to uncover the mysteries of the aging brain. Spreng, R.N., Turner, G.R. (2019, forthcoming) Structure and function of the aging brain. In G Samanez-Larkin (Ed.) The aging brain. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.


A sample of long-term care facilities utilizing ombudsman services was compared to facilities not in receipt of such mediation services. Independent assessment measures were derived from State Department of Health ratings and complaint statistics for long-term care facilities. Findings revealed that ombudsman-served facilities were not appreciably different from facilities not served by ombudsmen. Facilities served by ombudsmen, however, received a relatively higher amount of complaints than did the facility group not served by ombudsmen, particularly in areas not covered by statutory abuse reporting requirements. It is suggested that nursing home patient ombudsmen call attention to aspects of quality care not currently assured by other protective mechanisms.


The purpose of this study is to determine and describe the effect of open ended learning with the help of gooole classroom on the ability to understand mathematical concepts of students of Junior High School Negeri 1 bar Hilir. The population in this study is the entire class VIII Junior High School Negeri 1 bar Hilir which consists of 7 classes whose total number of students is 145 students. While the sampling in the study as suggested by the teacher is Class VIII-3 as an experimental class and VIII-4 as a control Class of 15 students. As a research instrument, pre-test and post-test result data is used in the form of essay test on Relation and function material, where each question is 4 questions and has been validated by mathematics lecturer. The test used in this study is the Right t-test. After the management of statistical data t-test the right party obtained that tcount = 2,006 dan ttable = 1,70 then tcount > ttable or 2,006 > 1,70. This means accepting Ha dan decline H0 Based on the results of the t-test, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the use of open ended learning approach assisted by google classroom on the understanding of mathematical concepts of Junior High School Negeri 1 bar Hilir students.


Hosting mega event is very postive and negative influence to the development of the city tourism,therefore,we should take use of the positive influence,and implement effects maxization of urbran tourism.


This paper examines feasibility and performance issues in using Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs) to control the attitude of a fixed-wing aircraft. The paper describes a control system structure that permits allocating control authority and bandwidth between a CMG system and conventional aerodynamic control surfaces to stabilize a vehicle with neutral aerodynamic stability. A simulation study explores the interplay between aerodynamic and CMG eects, and indicates desirable physical characteristics for a CMG system to be used for aircraft attitude control.


This paper explores the role of research in a professional, graduate archival education program by assessing the experience of the Master of Archival Studies (MAS) program in the School of Library, Archival and Information Studies at the University of British Columbia (UBC). It pays particular attention to the role of the thesis in creating both a solid research base as well as helping the program to establish itself as a separate field within the university.


To better understand the soil tilth modified by tillage, it is important to study the soil failure patterns and the conditions at which the transition of soil failure pattern takes place. This study has investigated the transitions of soil failure patterns as affected by various moisture contents in dry land and paddy soils. The soil failure patterns were observed and recorded using a digital camera, the recorded failure patterns were then converted into snapshots. The results revealed that two soils have same textural class as well as soil genesis, but the transitions of failure patterns corresponding to moisture contents were not the same.


In this paper, we consider testing for linearity against a well-known class of regime switching models known as the smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) models. Apart from the model selection issues, one reason for interest in testing for linearity in time-series models is that non-linear models such as the STAR are considerably more difficult to use. This testing problem is non-standard because a nuisance parameter becomes unidentified under the null hypothesis. In this paper, we further explore the class of tests proposed by Luukkonen, Saikonnen and Terasvirta (1988). Luukkonen et al . (1988) proposed LM tests for linearity against STAR models. A potential difficulty here is that the linear approximation introduces high leverage points, and hence outliers are likely to be quite influential. To overcome this difficulty, we use the same approximating linear model of Luukkonen et al . (1988), but we apply Wald and F -tests based on l 1 - and bounded influence estimates. The efficiency gains of this procedure cannot be easily deduced from the existing theoretical results because the test is based on a misspecified model under H 1 . Therefore, we carried out a simulation study, in which we observed that the robust tests have desirable properties compared to the test of Luukkonen et al . (1988) for a range of error distributions in the STAR model, in particular the robust tests have power advantages over the LM test.


The utility model discloses a solar battery module, comprising a frame, a laminating piece fixed on the upper surface of the frame and an electrode lead-out welding strip; the laminating piece is mainly composed of a base plate and a plurality of battery slices which are stuck on the base plate and are arranged in a matrix way; the anodes and cathodes of the adjacent battery slices are connected in series by welding strips for forming a battery slice series; the anode and cathode of the battery slice series are respectively connected with the corresponding electrode lead-out welding strip; the solar battery module is characterized in that: the frame is an arc structure and comprises at least six laminating pieces, and each laminating piece is fixedly connected at the inner side of the frame by at least four high-strength double faced adhesive tapes, and each battery slice is connected with a bypath diode in parallel, and the anode of the diode is connected with the cathode end of the battery slice, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the anode end of the battery slice at the other side. The battery slices are fixed on the frame with the arc structure, thus forming the battery module which is suitable for moving trails of the sun for one day; in addition, absorbing capacity of light intensity is improved in morning and evening.


The ability of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to get its energy from the oxidation of ferrous iron and the inhibitory effect of high ferric iron concentrations on its growth behaviour has been extensively studied. Furthermore it is known that A. ferrooxidans exudes organic substances called extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which could play a role in its protection against adverse environmental conditions. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the production of EPS during adaptation of A. ferrooxidans to high ferric ion concentrations. The experiments were performed in shake flasks of 250 mL at 30 °C, 200 rpm and at an initial pH of 1.8. In order to establish the natural tolerance of the strain, its growth behaviour was evaluated at high ferric iron concentrations by adding consecutively the equivalent of 9 g/L of ferrous iron each time it was depleted in the broth. Cell growth stopped once ferric iron concentration increased up to 38 g/L. The adaptation consisted in eight sub-cultures run in parallel at initial concentrations of ferrous iron of 18, 27 and 36 g/L. The EPS was quantified as micro volumes using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), labelling the cells with propidium iodide and EPS carbohydrates with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). During the adaptation procedure it was observed an increase in the ferric ion volumetric productivity of subcultures run with 27 and 36 g/L, as a result of cell adaptation. The amount of EPS exuded by cells was higher along with those experimental conditions having higher ferric iron concentrations. It was not detected EPS on cells grown on 9 g/L of ferrous iron. This study found that the adapted strain showed higher production of EPS at high ferric ion concentrations and higher ferric ion tolerance than non-adapted ones.


Middle-income countries (MICs) face a number of challenges in responding to the increasing demand for public goods, including an institutional development trap that prevents effective domestic resource mobilization. This chapter starts by outlining these challenges, also providing an overview of existing sources of domestic resources in MICs. It then goes on to explore avenues and mechanisms for MICs to increase domestic revenues. These include building resilience to tax evasion and avoidance, enhancing tax structures and better navigating the political economy of fiscal reform. To achieve more effective domestic resource mobilization in MICs, the chapter ends with two proposals: redefining national development strategies aimed at rebuilding people's trust. This includes ensuring quality spending, and strengthening an international cooperation system that helps countries build their institutional capacities by fighting tax avoidance and evasion.


An apparatus for cleaning and disinfection of items to be cleaned with a housing having a preheating, a Endheizstufe and a cleaning chamber in which a chamber housing is integrated, wherein within the chamber housing, a basket for receiving the item to be cleaned and at least one distribution bar of the distribution of the cleaning and disinfectant in is arranged the chamber housing, wherein a drying unit is provided which includes a fan unit, a drive for the fan unit and a heating element and said blower unit having an air turbine, in view of a good cleaning result with a simple construction formed such that the air turbine the air flow brings directly into the chamber housing.


Abstract Companies that started by improving internal communication with intranet systems are now developing extranet systems to improve communication with their external business partners. This article describes how leading firms are using extranets to achieve competitive advantages. Extranets are less expensive and offer more functionality than EDI systems.


Daratumumab is approved as monotherapy and in combination regimens for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) or newly diagnosed multiple myeloma [1,2]. The PAVO study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02519452) of daratumumab plus recombinant


There is generally a physical limit to the smallest possible capacity for a deep foundation. However, a lower bound on the capacity has rarely been accounted for in performing reliability analyses and developing reliability-based design codes. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the effect of having a lower-bound capacity on the reliability of a geotechnical engineering system and to propose a load and resistance factor design (LRFD) checking format that includes information on the lower-bound capacity in design. It is concluded that a lower-bound capacity can cause a significant increase in the calculated reliability for a geotechnical design even if it is an uncertain estimate. Two alternative LRFD formats that incorporate lower-bound capacities and that would not require substantive changes to existing codes are proposed. Real-world examples dealing with the design of onshore and offshore foundations indicate that the incorporation of a lower-bound capacity into design is expected to provide a more realistic quantification of reliability for decision-making purposes and therefore a more rational and efficient basis for design.


Settlers of the Marsh was first published in 1925 following a controversy regarding the treatment of its topic. Some critics condemned it as "obscene" and "indecent". Churches issued warnings to their congregations to avoid its scandalous contents, only several decades later to be recognized as a landmark in the development of Canadian novel.The novel belongs to Canadian realism. It is a fiction of regional or prairie realism, dealing with cosmopolitan issues such as: love or romance, sex or sexuality, murder or homicide, twentieth century, nineteenth century, marriage, prostitution or prostitutes, rural or country life, farms, farmers, or farming, Canada or Canadians, ambition, labor, houses, mansions, or manors, frontier or pioneer life etc. In this respect, the novel presents a psychological portrait of life in Canadian West. It is a story of a young Swedish settler who comes to the "New World" to set up a new life for himself and fulfill his dreams. The story of his life, however, comprises of real difficulties a young settler in Canadian marshes faces.


Word Sense Induction (WSI) is the task of identifying the different senses (uses) of a target word in a given text. Traditional graph-based approaches create and then cluster a graph, in which each vertex corresponds to a word that co-occurs with the target word, and edges between vertices are weighted based on the co-occurrence frequency of their associated words. In contrast, in our approach each vertex corresponds to a collocation that co-occurs with the target word, and edges between vertices are weighted based on the co-occurrence frequency of their associated collocations. A smoothing technique is applied to identify more edges between vertices and the resulting graph is then clustered. Our evaluation under the framework of SemEval-2007 WSI task shows the following: (a) our approach produces less sense-conflating clusters than those produced by traditional graph-based approaches, (b) our approach outperforms the existing state-of-the-art results.


Assalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb. and Greetings. I am pleased and honored to welcome you at the First International Conference on Computer Science and Applied Mathematic (ICCSAM 2018), which was held this year by AMIK and STIKOM Tunas Bangsa Pematangsiantar in collaboration with the Indonesian Computer and Information Professional Association (IPKIN), Indonesian Mathematical Society (INDOMS) and Bank Muamalat. As Chair of the Foundation, I would like to convey a greeting Welcome to Parapat City Lake Toba to presenters from various countries and especially those I respect for the presence of scientists in the field of Computer and Mathematical Sciences and industry practitioners in the 2018 ICCSAM event. I see that this activity is designed to enhance the exchange of knowledge and new discoveries in computer science and mathematics and related fields in industry. I hope that scientists in the field of computer science and mathematics and those who work in the industry can share knowledge and work together as a team that has mutual relations with each other. I am very pleased to say that the theme of this conference, "Advancing Computability Innovation" is very much in line with the objectives of AMIK and STIKOM conferences and missions, namely "to become a Science and Technology based Study Program that meets industrial needs and functions as a research center in Information Data Science. The conference was held in response to output and aoutcame which had a significant contribution in the field of computer science and mathematics as an inseparable unit of science towards the development of local and global industries. It is our happiness and honor to welcome distinguished professors present to convey their expertise at this conference. I hope this meeting will enable the development of productive dialogue between participants from various countries. They also provide invaluable opportunities for networking among participants, institutions and industries. I also hope that diversity in these fields can reveal more opportunities for researchers and practitioners from all over the world to start a lot of research related to the industry in the future. I would like to congratulate AMIK and STIKOM Tunas Bangsa for starting this conference with a synergistic contribution from dedicated partners namely the USU Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, USU's Faculty of Computer and Information Technology, the Indonesian Computer and Informatics Professional Association (IPKIN), Indonesian Mathematical Society (INDOMS), Bank Muamalat, Malaysia Pahang University (UMP), University of Essex, United Kingdom, Ankara, Turkey and Institute of Applied Mathematics Middle East Technical University to all delegates for their full support, cooperation and contribution to the 2018 ICCSAM. I also want to thank the Organizing Committee for their perseverance and extraordinary efforts. Various sponsors are also rewarded for their contributions. I really hope that all participants will get a pleasant stay here at NIAGARA HOTEL and bring back unforgettable experiences and valuable knowledge from this conference. Thanks. H. Ahmad Ridwansyah Putra


ABSTRACT The librarians at the Moraine Valley Community College redesigned the library's Website using Louis Rosenfeld and Peter Morville's application of information architectureto Web site design. The librarians at Moraine Valley Community College learned that successful Web site design hinges on matching the needs of the user group with available technology. Web site designers must be able to create a flexible organizational scheme that allows a balance to be struck between competing factors such as hierarchical depth versus breadth, site structure versus site flexibility, and usable labels versus needed jargon. Most importantly for librarians operating in the online environment, Web designers must understand that users visit Web sites to access information, but it is a site's information architecture that makes the site successful.


H ISTORIANS seeking the origins of Louis Napoleon's idea of a Mexican empire have frequently traced his interest in Latin America to his earlier participation in a project for an interoceanic canal across Nicaragua.' The chief source of information on this affair has been a pamphlet published by Louis Napoleon himself in 1846, which presents the canal as a purely commercial venture.2 Three documents in the papers of Sir Robert Peel in the British Museum, however, show that the proposed canal was only a part of a larger political scheme for a united Central American state under British protection, with Louis Napoleon himself at its head. The documents are, in order of their composition: (1) "Note confidentielle sur l'Amerique centrale" from Louis Napoleon to the British government,3 (2) a short, unsigned explanatory memorandum in English,4 and (3) an anonymous report from the British foreign office in reply to the latter.5


Objectives: Evaluate procedures for analyzing raw accelerometer data (inertial measurement units) to reconstruct the gait cycle using BioKinetoGraph (BKG). We examine whether footwear and walking surface influence gait (BKG) and evaluate test-retest reliability. We also examine the association between BKG and NIH 4-meter gait, and compare BKG to other neurobehavioral measures for predicting concussion symptoms. Methods: In Study 1, a within-subjects design with 60 participants was used to examine the effects of footwear (shoes/no-shoes) and walking surface (tile floor/grass) on BKG data, and evaluate retest reliability. Study 2 employed a cross-sectional, cohort design of 1,008 participants to assess BKGs correlation with NIH 4-m gait, and prediction of Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) concussion symptoms relative to previously validated speed and balance measures. Results: 2x2 ANOVAs illustrate footwear and walking surface effects on BKG for the power, stride, stability, and symmetry, with variable effect sizes. Retest reliability (Pearson rs) for the no shoes/ tile surface condition ranged from .72-.91 (mean = .80, 4-day average interval). BKG correlates significantly with NIH 4-m gait. Regression analyses found BKG predicts CDC concussion symptom endorsement, and outperforms (2-3 fold) BESS and NIH 4-meter gait. Conclusions: Gait assessments should be standardized for footwear and especially walking surface. When standardized (no shoes/hard surface) BKG results in strong test-retest reliability. BKG variables are strongly related to NIH 4-m gait, and are superior to standard measures of gait speed and balance when predicting concussion symptoms; offering additional information when predicting the sequalae of concussion.


Good indoor air quality (IAQ) can increase human comfort and productivity. An IAQ control method for an air-conditioned room based on a self-adaptive PID control theory is presented. Fuzzy algorithm is adopted in the study to adjust the three parameters of PID controller timely. Accordingly, this adaptive PID controller can be applied to the nonlinear controlled object- indoor CO2 level which is an important index of IAQ and can be controlled by fresh air volume. Several simulation experiments are carried out in accordance with the actual conditions by changing controlled object characteristic and adding continuous disturbance to indoor CO2 emission sources. The results show that the adaptive PID controller is more robust, gives faster dynamic response time and has better control performance, compared with a single PID or fuzzy controller.


The Critical Review on Motor Vehicle Inspection/Maintenance Programs was presented by John C. Elston at a Session at the 74th Annual Meeting of APCA in Philadelphia. Mr. Elston summarized his paper which had been published in the May 1981 of JAPCA. Prepared discussions which were presented by Mr. Cackette, Mr. Weaver, Dr. Jones, and Mr. Wallis are reproduced here. In addition, comments made from the floor by Dr. McKee, Mr. Pattison, and Mr. Seliber have been formalized and are presented here along with the discussion from the floor. Mr. Elston responds to the comments of his peers. Dr. Melvin W. First was Moderator of the Session.


Since the second half of the 1990s, population figures started to recover in the central wards of Tōkyō. The suburban hinterland, by contrast, is marked by overall stagnation. This study focuses on the question of how this process is affecting the social composition of the city center, illustrated by the case of Minato ward. It can be demonstrated that Tōkyō is certainly not a "revanchist city" in the sense defined by Neil Smith in his study on New York (1996), nor is it appropriate to interpret the re-urbanization process as a mere return of middle-mass suburbanites, a view that is popular in Japan. Instead, by developing high-rise housing clusters on centrally located brownfield land or newly reclaimed waterfront sites, a gradual and place-selective replacement of the preexisting, socially rather mixed population of central Tōkyō by in-movers who are mainly composed of singles and childless couples (and only in some areas including a larger share of nuclear families) is taking place. Based on the idea of a multi-functional and neatly designed city landscape which can prevail in the competition with other global cities, this process is actively promoted by state authorities as key actors. It is therefore concluded that re-urbanization of central Tōkyō can be put in the context of "new-build gentrification" as defined by DaviDSoN and leeS (2005).