Dear Editor, We read with interest the article titled "Compression Screw Fixation of the Syndesmosis" by Darwish et al. The authors conducted a study to determine whether lag screws would generate greater syndesmosis compression and maintain a smaller medial clear space than tricortical screws during the course of cyclically applied mechanical challenges to the fixation. They also investigated if 4.5-mm or 3.5-mm lag screws would show better performance for measures of reduction. We believe that this is an important topic for study, but question some of the basic study design methodology. They stated that because in clinical practice the limb is largely protected from weight-bearing postoperatively, they chose a more direct method of medial and lateral cyclic loading for provoking diastasis to focus on the resistance of the screws to pulling out. First of all, we believe that this point of view is not exactly true. Many studies suggest that screws should be removed 6 to 8 weeks after a 4-cortical fixation, and even routine removal is probably not necessary after a 3-cortical fixation. If a stable osteosynthesis is achieved with placement of a syndesmotic screw, weight-bearing in plaster cast could be allowed. Moreover the authors stated that they did not use a model of axial compression, because the syndesmosis does not undergo any loading during the period of immobilization in cast. Suggesting that the point of view is true, the syndesmosis does not undergo any kind of stresses as described in the text, either. Even with ankle dorsiflexion, the distal fibula moves proximally and posteriorly and rotates externally. Physiological loads occur under anatomical circumstances, thus simulations for those should also contain the appropriate model of physiological loading. In addition, in our opinion authors applied maximum torque as much as possible to tighten the lag screws, but in clinical practice it is inappropriate because overtightening the syndesmosis may cause complications such as restricted range of motion (ROM) of ankle, fibular fracture, and so on. Besides, because the anterior aspect of the talus is wider than the posterior aspect, many textbooks describe fixation of the syndesmosis with the foot in dorsiflexion to prevent overcompression. Aim of syndesmosis fixation is not compression of syndesmosis, but holding the distal tibiofibular joint in reduced position during the healing of disrupted ligaments. This can be achieved by the screw that can optimally resist both deformation and pull-out forces generated during passive ROM and partial weight-bearing as well. It is a well-known fact that the pull-out strength of a screw is directly proportional to the thread diameter of it. Moreover, there is not any evidence-based data that more compression leads to better clinical results. Thus, we believe that the results found by the authors are not feasible in clinical practice.


Empirical rainfall thresholds derived from various types of rainfall intensities have widely used in characterizing rainfall conditions that cause debris flows and landslides. However, few works have studied the differences among these various thresholds, due to limited information on the instantaneous intensity triggering debris flows. The detail records of the storms on 21 July, 2012, 20 July, 2016, and 16 July, 2018, together with the occurrence time of debris flows, provide an opportunity to evaluate the thresholds based on various rainfall intensities. Based these data, a new rainfall threshold of debris flows is derived from the instantaneous rainfall intensity in Beijing. At the same time, the thresholds based on average rainfall intensities as used in most previous studies, including the average over the periods from the beginnings of rainfall to the occurrences of the debris flows and over the whole period of the rainstorms, are reconstructed. The result shows that the instantaneous rainfall threshold has a higher ability in separating the rainstorms inducing from those without reducing debris flows than those derived from average intensities, indicating a high accurate of the instantaneous threshold. Our data also indicate that the debris flows in Beijing should be triggered by the concert works of rainfall intensity and cumulative precipitation. Only when enough water to infiltrate, saturate, mobilize the debris sediments, and sufficient high water flows and surges caused by intensive storms to incorporate and retain the mobilized sediments, are satisfied simultaneously do the debris flows occur.


Ultrathin, high-sensitivity piezoresistive cantilevers were constructed using vapor-phase epitaxy to grow the conducting layer. A fourfold reduction in thickness was achieved over the thinnest implanted piezoresistive cantilevers, allowing improved force or displacement sensitivity and increased bandwidth. In cantilevers 890 A thick, the dopant is well confined to the surface, and the sensitivity is 70% of the theoretical maximum. A cantilever fabricated for high force resolution has a minimum detectable force of 8.6 fN/Hz in air. Additionally, the 1/f noise is shown to follow the relation proposed by Hooge [Phys. Lett A 29, 139 (1969)], increasing in inverse proportion to the number of carriers.


The potent analgesic and antipyretic drug metamizole (dipyrone) is widely used in many countries but was banned in others due to severe safety concerns regarding the risk of agranulocytosis. In this issue of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, a further sofarnotdescribed characteristic of metamizole to induce cytochrome P450 enzymes is reported, potentially decreasing the bioavailability of quite a number of drugs. Is such an interaction an additional aspect of concern in prescribing metamizole? The pyrazolone derivative metamizole belongs to the group of nonacid nonopioids that was introduced into the market already in 1922. Due to its comparably high analgesic and antipyretic potency but also spasmolytic properties, it is indicated in various countries for adults and adolescents above the age of 14 years for acute severe pain after injuries or surgeries, colic, tumor pain, and other acute or severe pain symptoms, if other therapeutic measures are not indicated, as well as for high fever if other measures are unsuccessful. It is available as a prescribed drug in certain European countries as well as in Asia and South America, or even as an overthecounter medication, but was banned in some European countries like the United Kingdom, France, Sweden, and Norway, and in the United States, Canada, Australia, and others due to severe safety concerns regarding the risk of agranulocytosis. The discussion on the benefits and risks of this potent analgesic drug is ongoing. In Germany, metamizole/dipyrone still belongs to the most frequently prescribed drugs. From 1991 to 2018 the number of daily defined doses increased from 15 million to 225 million. In a crosssectional study in elderly communitydwelling adults (mean age 74.5 years), half of the subjects suffering from highintensity or disabling pain took analgesics, from which 16.1% took metamizole. It was reportedly the secondmost frequent analgesic after occasional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Metamizole has weak antiinflammatory or antithrombotic properties. Although the mode of action has not yet been entirely elucidated, the main analgesic effects of metamizole are attributed to the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation by its metabolite 4methylaminoantipyrene. This is not due to competitive inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism like conventional NSAIDs, but through reducing the higher oxidation states of both COX1 and COX2 enzymes, or sequestering activating peroxides. Moreover, it may block PGE2inhibitor– induced hyperalgesia. Therefore, it was suggested that metamizole may have direct effects upon the excitability of primary sensory neurons. Recent experimental findings indicate an association of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/serine/threonine protein kinase B (PI3Kγ/AKT) pathway with peripheral metamizolederived antinociceptive effects (Cecilio 2020). Further it was shown that the metabolite 4aminoantipyrine reduces PGE2induced painrelated behavior through cannabinoid CB1 receptor– mediated desensitization of the heat receptor TRPV1 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1) (Goncalves dos Santos 2020). As mentioned above, significant safety concerns have led to the decision of a number of


The exact eutectoid and peritectoid temperatures in near equiatomic Zr-Pd compositions have been determined by using the diffusion couple method and microstructure analysis. The crystal structure of Zr13Pd12 compound were estimated to be orthorhombic with a = 1.78 nm, b = 0.80 nm and c = 1.00 nm from the electron diffraction experiments. The Zr13Pd12 compound is formed at 1100 ± 2 K with a peritectoid reaction between Zr2Pd and ZrPd compounds. The ZrPd compound transforms to Zr13Pd12 and Zr9Pd11 compounds by a eutectoid reaction at 1028 ± 4 K. Based on these results, the phase diagram of near equiatomic Zr-Pd binary system is reconstructed.


et al 4 found anti-GQ1b IgG antibodies in eight patients with acute paresis of the extraocular muscles but without ataxia. These results suggested that anti-GQ1b IgG antibodies had a part in the development of ophthalmoplegia. We have also detected anti-GQ1b and anti- GT1a IgG antibodies in six patients with Miller Fisher syndome and two with Guillain- Barré syndrome accompanied by ophthalmo-plegia.We also found that these antibodies reacted with a common epitope sharing GQ1b and GT1a (unpublished data). Kimura et al 5 have already reported a patient with acute relapsing sensory dominant polyneuropathy without ophthalmoplegia who had an anti-GQ1b IgG antibody which did not react with GT1a. Further clarification of the relation between anti-GQ1b IgG antibody and the development of ophthalmoplegia in Miller Fisher syndrome or Guillain-Barré syndrome is required.


Water quality and distribution of Vallisneria natans in the Litang River in Shanghai were investigated in 2012. We also studied the effects of different light intensity on the growth and photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate of V. natans. Results showed that the transparency of Litang River was 80-100 cm,and when the water depth increases,the V. natans biomass firstly increased and then decreased,and the turning point is at the depth of 60-90 cm in the four experiment groups,which showed the largest biomass. The density of V. natans was negatively correlated with the depth of water while the average leaf length of V. natans was positively correlated. Investigation showed that plenty of V. natans was found in offshore area of the river,but no V. natans was found in the center of the river. Experiment in lab circumstances showed that plant biomass,tiller number,average root length and photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate of V. natans were all reduced with the decrease of the light intensity( P 0. 01). The critical light intensity of V. natans was 10μmol /( m2·s),and at that point,the photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate was 10. 52 μmol/( g·h),and the V. natans biomass started to decrease. This study showed that the V. natans distribution at different depth in Litang River was consistent with transparency. This study further revealed the reason why V. natans communities were difficult to reproduce and spread in low light conditions.


The emerging video-on-demand servers are equipped with large capacity and high speed disks, but the disk seeking time can be significant (in the case when several users access different data simultaneously). Studies show different approaches to reduce the disk seek time in order to increase the number of users that can be served simultaneously. Most of them provide strategies for disk storage (disk placement) of the video data. Since most video data is encoded with variable bit rate (VBR), using fixed-rate disk placement strategies may result in reduced quality (PSNR). We analyze the impact of disk placement strategies on the performance of the VBR video stream. We then show that the performance can be improved by using rate control techniques that are aware of the disk placement constraints, so that the VBR video source stream can be optimized for those constraints. This optimization (which can be performed off-line) results is quality improvements of 0.5 dB to 1.5 dB in our experiments.


The conversion efficiency of piezoelectric energy harvesters (EH) have been improved by several approaches including frequency up-conversion (FUC) techniques that trigger the high-frequency (HF) piezoelectric resonators using low-frequency (LF) mechanical inputs. This work proposes a new time-domain multiplexing technique to further improve the harvesting efficiency for random mechanical impacts using commercially available microfabrication processes. The FUC is implemented by a slowly moving shuttle beam, which represents the LF mechanical inputs, that triggers the free ends of piezoelectric cantilever beams. Mechanical impacts by the LF shuttle lead to the cantilever beams vibrating at their higher natural resonance frequencies. In the proposed approach, resonators are exposed to the LF mechanical input at unequal distances, which results in sequential HF vibrations. As a result, the HF electrical outputs fit sequentially within the long period of the LF input. Analytical and experimental comparisons support the increased electrical output using time domain multiplexing.


A plasma automatic welding device for welding a circumference of a pipe is provided to increase welding speed of a seam root and to keep favorable welding quality by controlling the most adequate height of a head in real time according to a circularity error of the pipe. A plasma automatic welding device for welding a circumference of a pipe comprises a trolley(102), a plasma welding unit(103), a general welding unit(104), a control board(105), a column rotating gear(106), a column(107), a boom unit(200), a head unit, a turning roller(402), and a turning roller driving motor(403). The trolley is moved along a traveling rail by a wheel. The plasma welding unit and the general welding unit are installed at an upper surface of the trolley to perform plasma and general welding functions. The control board controls the plasma welding unit and the general welding unit generally. The column rotating gear is installed at the upper surface of the trolley. A front end portion of the column is fixed at the upper surface of the column rotating gear. The column is rotated in a range of 90 degrees. One end portion of the boom unit is installed at an upper end of the column, and the boom unit is kept horizontally. The head unit is installed at one side of the boom unit and formed with a plasma head which is used to weld a seam root, and a welding head for layering over the seam root. The turning roller supports a tube end of a welded pipe and rotates the tube end. The turning roller is installed in parallel to the traveling rail to prevent the tube end from being moved out of a regular rotating area. The turning roller driving motor drives the turning roller.


The invention discloses a novel pin-mounting and rotating-riveting hinge machine. The hinge machine comprises a rack, a trough connected with a punch press, a sheet delivery mechanism and an assembly mechanism, wherein a rack upper cover is arranged above the rack, the assembly mechanism is arranged on the rack upper cover, one end of the sheet delivery mechanism is arranged on the left rear side of the rack upper cover, and the other end of the sheet delivery mechanism is connected with the trough connected with the punch press. The hinge machine is simple in structure, hinge sheets are received from the punch press directly, and then hinges can be assembled automatically, so that the production automation degree is high, and the production efficiency is high.


. There are several techniques for the maintenance of cadastral oper - ates in Slovakia. One of them is the cadastral operate renewal. The process of renewal is much needed because the quality of cadastral maps is not satisfying. Only one method is usable today – the cadastral operate renewal by a new map - ping. The mapping is not popular worldwide in the present, but in Slovakia, there are problems with the non-numerical maps as well as with some of the numerical ones, which also have to be dealt with. However, in case of the numerical cadas - tral maps with local shifts this process would be ineffective, so a new way of their renewal was proposed – Renewal by Correction. The main principle of this process is a transformation of the part of the map with local shifts to the correct position. The main aim of this paper is to propose a formal process of the Renewal by Cor - rection. First, the criteria for the use of the Renewal by Correction were proposed. In the next part, all the formal steps of the process were described.


Objective: We investigated the utility of plasma D-dimer and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in relation to stroke mechanism, severity, and outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Background: D-dimer is a marker of active coagulation and BNP reflects the severity of heart failure. Design/Methods: We included 1,335 acute ischemic stroke patients. Plasma D-dimer and BNP levels were measured at admission and were compared among the different stroke mechanisms. The associations between D-dimer and BNP levels and the initial NIHSS score, early neurological deterioration (END), and 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were investigated. Results: The cardioembolic (CE) stroke had the highest median (interquartile range) D-dimer levels (1.03 ug/mL (0.51–2.54)) followed by undetermined negative (UND) (0.66 (0.37–1.26), large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) (0.59 (0.38–1.14), and small vessel occlusion (SVO) (0.45 (0.30–0.76) subtypes. CE stroke had higher D-dimer levels than the other subtypes, and SVO had lower D-dimer levels than UND or LAA subtypes. Among the LAA stroke, the branch occlusive disease subgroup had lower D-dimer levels than the other subgroups (0.45 (0.32–0.66) vs. 0.66 (0.41–1.32)). BNP levels were higher in CE than the other subtypes (233.9 pg/mL (103.5–478.3) vs. 30.9 (14.1–70.2)) and the C-statistic of BNP for predicting CE was 0.888. Multivariable analysis showed that initial NIHSS score was associated with higher plasma D-dimer and BNP levels along with older age, LAA, and CE subtype. END was associated with D-dimer (OR, 1.045; 95% CI, 1.008–1.084), NIHSS (OR, 1.063; 95% CI, 1.034–1.093), UND subtype (OR, 0.397; 95% CI, 0.203–0.775), and diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.615; 95% CI, 1.113–2.342). The 3-month mRS was associated with higher D-dimer levels, older age, higher NIHSS, LAA subtype, and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Plasma D-dimer levels were different among the different stroke mechanisms. D-dimer levels were associated with stroke severity, neurological deterioration, and outcome. BNP levels were useful for predicting CE stroke, and were associated with stroke severity. Disclosure: Dr. Nah has nothing to disclose.


Aim: To review currently available information in order to identify the research required to improve understanding of the factors controlling the rate of senescence, and amelioration of the condition during storage.

Industry Challenge

Prolonged storage of potatoes leads to a form of sugar accumulation termed 'senescent sweetening' that is generally associated with a loss of cell membrane integrity within the tuber over time. Although some information is available regarding the nature and causes of senescent sweetening, a greater understanding about the factors controlling the rate of senescence and how to ameliorate the condition during storage would be extremely beneficial to the GB potato industry.

Collaboration

Natural Resources Institute (NRI) and Sutton Bridge Crop Storage Research (SBCSR)

Approach

The main topics of this review to be covered are:

- The nature of tuber senescence
- Factors affecting the rate of tuber senescence
- Indicators of tuber maturity
- Potential early indicators of the onset of senescence and associated sweetening


"Women have always been the best friends of religion, but religion has generally not been a friend of women." (Moriz Winternitz, a German Indologist) INTRODUCTION The above remark is cited by Annemarie Schimmel in her foreword to The Tao of Islam (Murata 1992, vii). Winternitz's observation is particularly evident when put in the context of Islam, as Schimmel contends that "it is certainly easier to look only at the surface … of polygamy and easy divorce and … purdah … than to try to see the more positive sides of Islam". Muslims have been exposed with various gender-biased discourses and stereotypes, such as women not having equal rights as men or not allowed to be involved in their own religious matters, that negative images of Islam will more immediately capture people's attention than otherwise when talking about Islam and women. WOMEN IN PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIAN PENINSULA Two verses which can be cited to explain the mission of God in revealing the Qur'an and in creating human beings are Surah al-Anbiya' (21:107). "We sent thee not, but as a mercy for all creatures", and Surah al-Hujurat (49:13) "O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know each other (not that you may despise each other). Verily the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (one who is) the most righteous of you." To appropriately understand the Qur'an's treatment of women and gender, and therefore to appreciate its revolutionary breakthrough for women's liberation and empowerment, it is important that one observe the sociocultural and historical context of its revelation. The reason is obvious, as noted by Engineer (1992, p. 20), that "no revolution, political or religious (and Islam was indeed a socio-religious revolution), can remove all traces of the past". Continuity is always there and it is this continuity which maintains relationship with the past. A total breaking from the past, however hard it is attempted, may not be possible. Similarly, the history of Islam also reveals that whatever was reformed or prohibited by the Prophet Muhammad that prevailed during the period of jahiliyya (ignorance) in the advent of Islam, crept back into Islamic shari'a through adat (that is, pre-Islamic traditional practices).


This paper investigates secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) optimization problem for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in a multiple-input single-output (MISO) downlink system, in which the legitimate user (LU) exploits power splitting (PS) scheme for information decoding (ID) and energy harvesting (EH) simultaneously. In order to prevent eavesdroppers from disturbing the reception of the legitimate user, BS also emits artificial noise (AN). The objective is to maximize SEE by jointly optimizing the confidential signal power, AN power and PS ratio while guaranteeing the secrecy rate, maximum transmitted power and minimum harvested energy constraints. The problem is nonconvex and hard to solve, we first convert it into an easier subtractive form, and then propose an effective two-stage algorithm. Numerical results illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm and the benefits of AN in enhancing the SEE performance.


A man with ankylosing spondylitis developed cor pulmonale and acute respiratory failure due to cricoarytenoid arthritis. He was successfully treated by endoscopic arytenoidectomy, and the surgical specimen showed ossified cartilage. Flow-volume curves documented extra-thoracic airway obstruction produced by ankylosis of the cricoarytenoid joints.


Under the design methods recommended by Shanghai standard code for design of excavation engineering, the ultimate state equations for the overall stability, basal heave stability and overturning stability of flexible retaining structure of excavations are establisbed. Considering the variability of variables(mainly c and φ), the reliability of the supporting structure of the excavations are calculated. By applying this method(FOSM method or JC method) to six excavation cases of Shanghai soft soils, the range of the stable reliability index of an excavation pit and the variation tendency of the reliability index are concluded. The target reliability index of the excavation cases in Shanghai soft soils are proposed. The results may provide a theoretical basis for the reliability evaluation of practical excavations and a basis for the determination of partial factor of the excavation.


The current study investigated the occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) at the Msimbazi and Kizinga Rivers in Tanzania by using GC/MS QP2010 Ultra Shimadzu. The cross-country distribution along East Africa countries and the fate of ECs were studied for extrapolation and insight the extent of aquatic pollution in East Africa. It was revealed that all pharmaceuticals such as 0.0060 ppm of paracetamol, 0.0073 ppm of cetirizine, 0.0024 ppm of metronidazole and 0.0016 ppm of ibuprofen that were frequently quantified were also listed in the first-line medical prescriptions, they are available at over-the-counter supply and mostly used for the treatment of prominent diseases in Tanzania. It was further observed that quantified pharmaceuticals in Tanzania are certain in Kenya Original Research Article Hossein et al.; CSIJ, 24(2): 1-11, 2018; Article no.CSIJ.44211 2 and Uganda since these countries have common diseases causing death and a similar list of essential medicines. Moreover, qualitative experiments identified the existence of norethindrone, caffeine, and polysiloxanes, which are proof of anthropogenic origin.


Quality assurance in exercise physiology laboratories pretest preparation estimating peak power and anaerobic capacity of athletes blood lactate thresholds anthropometric assessment protocols blood sampling and handling techniques measuring flexibility for performance and injury prevention determining maximal oxygen consumption (V\od\O2max) or maximal aerobic power testing protocols for team sport players introduction to assessing strength and power limitations to isometric testing in athletic assessment isokinetic dynamometry strength assessment protocols for the physiological assessment of: basketball players, cricket players, cross-country skiers and biathletes high-performance track, road and mountain cyclists golfers male and female field hockey netball players rowers rugby union players high-performance runners sailors male and female soccer players softball players swimmers high-performance tennis players high-performance triathletes elite water polo players.


The last decades experienced a significant increase in the number of infectious disease outbreaks while current economic systems put pressure on the environment and wildlife is being destructed, leading to species to live closer to each other and humans. These diseases including zoonoses cause loss of life and threaten economic development and the integrity of the ecosystems. The recent COVID-19 is a significant example of this situation with a dramatic loss of human life, devastating economies and causing social disruption. The COVID-19 pandemic has also threatened food security, putting millions of people at risk of hunger, disrupted food, and feed supply routes, put pressure on livestock industries, led to a decrease in world meat production, caused trade restrictions, changed consumer habits, affected animal health and animal welfare. In this study, the main drivers of zoonoses, socio-economic impacts of these zoonoses with an emphasis on the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessary actions that need to be taken to prevent further epidemics/pandemics have been discussed in the context of "One Health" approach.


A settlement by four pharmaceutical companies granted $100,000 to each of 6,200 hemophiliacs, or surviving family, who acquired HIV through the use of contaminated clotting products. A former spouse seeking 50 percent of the money from her ex-husband's estate, was initially rejected as a beneficiary because the couple had divorced. The special master rejected the claim because there was no longer a "family relationship". The plaintiff objected, asserting emotional distress and anxiety over exposure to HIV. A U.S. District Judge ordered the claim to be reconsidered, noting that the dissolution of the marriage did not diminish potential risk of contracting HIV during the relationship.


The article examines the processes of formation and strengthening of the Muslim religion in the Middle Volga. The author uses the relationship of Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde and the Russian state, shows the cultural and ideological ground of Western and Eastern civilizations. Interference of the medieval west and east had far-reaching consequences


By following the same construction pattern which Martin Davis proposed in a 1968 paper of his, we have obtained six quaternary quartic Diophantine equations that candidate as `rule-them-all' equations: proving that one of them has only a finite number of integer solutions would suffice to ensure that each recursively enumerable set admits a finite-fold polynomial Diophantine representation.


When a pop-up furniture store opened in the remote community of Santa Teresa yesterday, the locals helped clean it out in the blink of an eye


Measurements of conducted radio-noise emissions from a commercial PWM inverter with an induction motor are presented. It is determined that the common mode emissions predominate the noise level and the spectrum components in this type of system, which result from the derivative of the line to ground voltages at the main circuit (dv/dt) and the circuit parameters, consisting of the physical stray inductance of the main circuit conductors and distributed capacitance formed between the circuit conductors and the grounded chassis/frame, most of which concentrate in motor windings and power-semiconductor devices in this system. Modeling and simulations of the system for purpose of evaluation of EMI are presented. Several strategies suppressing conducted radio-noise emissions are proposed, which are practically feasible for cost-effective EMC designs. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that high level radio-noise were significantly suppressed and the EMI performance of the system are able to meet the CISPR and FCC limits on conducted emissions for digital devices.<<ETX>>


The automated question answering (QA) track, one of the most popular tracks in TREC for many years, has focused on the task of providing automatic answers for human questions. The track primarily dealt with factual questions, and the answers provided by participants were extracted from a corpus of News articles. While the task evolved to model increasingly realistic information needs, addressing question series, list questions, and even interactive feedback, a major limitation remained: the questions did not directly come from real users, in real time. The LiveQA track, conducted for the first time this year, focused on realtime question answering for real-user questions. Real user questions, i.e., fresh questions submitted on the Yahoo Answers (YA) site that have not yet been answered, were sent to the participant systems, which provided an answer in real time. Returned answers were judged by TREC editors on a 4-level Likert scale.


A total coloring of a graph G is a coloring of its vertices and edges such that no adjacent vertices, edges, and no incident vertices and edges obtain the same color. The concept of total coloring was introduced by V. Vizing [15] and independently by M. Behzad [3]. The total chromatic number χ (G) is the smallest number of colors needed for total coloring of G. In 1965 V. Vizing and M. Behzad conjectured that χ (G) ≤ ∆(G) + 2 for every graph G [3,15], where ∆(G) is the maximum degree of a vertex in G. This conjecture became known as Total Coloring Conjecture [5]. It is known that Total Coloring Conjecture holds for cycles, for complete graphs, for bipartite graphs, for complete multipartite graphs [17], for graphs with a small maximum degree [6,11,14], for graphs with minimum degree at least 3 4 |V (G)| [5] and for planar graphs G with ∆(G) 6= 6 [5,7,13,16]. M. Rosenfeld [11] and N. Vijayaditya [14] independently proved that the total chromatic number of graphs G with ∆(G) = 3 is at most 5. A. Kostochka in [6] proved that the total chromatic number of graphs with ∆(G) ≤ 5 is at most 7. The general upper bound for the total chromatic number was obtained by M. Molloy and B. Reed [8], who proved that χ (G) ≤ ∆(G) + 10 for every graph G. The exact value of the total chromatic number is known only for paths, cycles, complete and complete bipartite graphs, n-dimensional cubes, complete multipartite graphs of odd order [5], outerplanar graphs [18] and planar graphs G with ∆(G) ≥ 9 [4,5,7,16].


The current retrieval of tropospheric NO 2 data from satellite measurements – called DOMINO for OMI data and TM4NO2A for GOME, SCIAMACHY and GOME2 data – will be continued and improved in the light of the forthcoming Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), aboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor mission, which is due for lauch in March 2015. The DOMINO / TM4NO2A processing applies a DOAS retrieval on the satellite data and to determine the tropospheric NO 2 column it uses an AMF look-up table and a data assimilation system. For the latter a number of improvements are already planned. This paper describes the possible replacement of the DOAS retrieval and AMF look-up table by a novel retrieval method, called DISMAS, which potentially provides a better data product: more accurate tropospheric NO2 data, with better error estimates. Results of some first sensitivity tests of DISMAS retrievals using simulated data are presented as well.


An X-ray pulse with zeptosecond pulse duration is an essential tool to resolve the nuclear dynamics. To make such a short pulse duration, we need to make a very wide frequency range radiation which is known from the uncertainty principle. The spectral range of an isolated zeptosecond pulse has to be of order of few keV which is called as a gamma ray. In this presentation, the generation of an isolated zeptosecond pulses in the gamma-ray free electron laser is studied by the simulation. INTRODUCTION X-ray free-electron lasers have been successfully operated or will be operated to supply femtosecond X-ray pulses. To expand the research opportunities to investigate the ultrafast phenomena by using XFEL, lots of methods to generate an attosecond X-ray pulse from XFEL has been also proposed. However, time-resolved investigation of nuclear processes such as resonance internal conversion, compound nuclei evolution or photodisintegration of nuclei needs shorter radiation pulse duration which is about few or sub attosecond [1]: Territory of zeptosecond science. According to the uncertainty principle, the frequency spectrum of isolated zeptosecond pulse has to be sufficiently wide which is about few keV order. So, the resonance wavelength of undulator has to be moved to the gamma-ray range in the XFELs. We did choose the 0.01 nm wavelength to make a zeptosecond pulse. The appropriate rms undulator parameter (aw ) according to the undulator period and electron beam energy is shown in Fig. 1. Black dashed line in Fig. 1 indicates the technical limit which means that the undulator gap is 0 from Halbach formula. For the simulation in this research, we select the energy of electron beam as 17.5 GeV which is same as European XFEL case and the undulator period as 13 mm. This choice can open the chance of the upgrade of EuroXFEL in the future. CURRENT SPIKES GENERATION To generate isolated ultrafast radiation pulse, short current spikes are required and it can be generated by using enhanced-self amplified spontaneous emission (E-SASE) scheme [2] as shown in Fig. 2. When the electron beam passes through a wiggler with modulation laser pulse, enFigure 1: rms undulator parameter vs. undulator period according to electron beam energy when the resonance wavelength is 0.01 nm (124 keV). Red arrow indicates


It is discussed the separation of multistory apartment buildings on the temperature and shrinkage blocks, the design solution of construction joints and defects in their filling, and the reasons for the deformation of the material seams.


This case addresses the state-mandated end of discrimination and preferential treatment and the subsequent use of university outreach programs to increase the college eligibility of underrepresented students. The principal of an inner city high school asks for help from a state university to increase his students' eligibility to Tier I public universities. The university sets up outreach programsat his school but the administrators, the teachers, parents and students are dissatisfied with them. This case illustrates leadership issues that may arise in connection with university outreach programs as well as pre-existing leadership issues at a school.


Objective To determine whether lipid alterations in hirsute women are due to excessive androgen, low estrogen or to a combination of these abnormalities. Design. Cross sectional study.


This paper proposes an algorithm that improves the mean code acquisition time using an energy estimation mode (EEM) and dwell time values from direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) System. Until recently, DS-SS System has been used in many areas from Wireless LAN, cellular phone, and GPS to telecommunication. Meanwhile, the development of reducing of pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition time, the core technique of DS-SS system, is continuously explored. The algorithm in this paper added the EEM before a search mode (SM) from the conventional PN code acquisition system, which is composed of a SM and a verification mode (VM). In the EEM, dwell time and threshold values are determined for use in the SM and the VM depending on the correlation energy. This paper applies the proposed technique under Rayleigh-fading channel in performing a simulation of PN code acquisition time by a mathematical modeling to evaluate the proposed algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed method improves the detection performance and the rejection performance of false code phases not only in the VM but also in the SM. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm reduces the mean code acquisition time by maximum 29% than the conventional algorithm.


Realization of large electro-optic (EO) activity for dipolar organic chromophore-containing materials requires the simultaneous optimization of chromophore first hyperpolarizability (β), acentric order , and number density (N). As these parameters are inter-related, correlated quantum and statistical mechanical calculations are required to understand the dependence of macroscopic electro-optic activity upon chromophore structure and intermolecular electrostatic interactions. Correlated time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and pseudo-atomistic Monte Carlo (PAMC) calculations are used in an attempt to understand the dependence of linear and nonlinear optical properties on dielectric permittivity, optical frequency, and a variety of spatially-anisotropic interactions that can be nano-engineered into the macroscopic material structure. Structure/function relationships are considered for three classes of organic electro-optic materials: (1) Chromophore/polymer composite materials; (2) chromophores covalently incorporated into passive organic host materials; (3) chromophores incorporated into chromophore-containing host materials—a new class of materials referred to as binary chromophore organic glasses (BCOGs). Issues associated with processing these materials into device structures, including those relevant to the integration with silicon photonics, are discussed. The purpose of this article is to address issues critical to ascertaining the viability of organic electro-optic (OEO) materials for next generation telecommunications, computing, and sensing applications.


The recent push for lead free products is resulting in significant changes in packaging materials. Manufacturers of electronic equipment are requiring materials that consistently withstand peak reflow temperatures of 240?C to 260°C. Reflow soldering at these ext reme temperatures, especially after extended moisture exposure, introduces several challenges that must be solved to produce reliable products . Plastic packages use various organic compounds for molding and die attach that have formulations consisting of an epoxy resin, filler particles and other additives. The epoxy resin in equilibrium with the ambient atmosphere absorbs a small percentage of moisture, which turns into saturated steam during the printed circuit board reflow process. The extreme pressure from the steam and the drop in flexural strength of the mold comp ound and die attach materials can result in catastrophic failures of the packages. Typical failure modes of packages include encapsulant cracking, substrate cracking, severe package deformation, and delamination of one or more material interfaces. The problem is further exacerbated by the use of very large dies, which are typical of Altera devices. In this paper, we will discuss some of the modifications necessary to meet product reliability and usability requirements for lead free products. We will present the test results to demonstrate the reliability of PQFP, TQFP, BGA and Flip-chip BGA components and relate the results to the different approaches that were taken for different package types to successfully qualify the components to the higher reflow temperatures. For some package families, the assembly processes were improved and optimized to ensure the reliability to Pb-free reflow temperatures. For some other components, new packaging materials were used to overcome the limitations of existing packaging materials . We will also present effect of the reflow temperature on the moisture ratings of a representative member of each package family. In addition to the traditional responses such as pop-corning and interfacial delamination during reliability testing, the importance of looking at the effects of absorbed moisture on the component warpage at elevated temperatures will also be discussed. Absorbed moisture is known to increase package warpage. The higher warpage for large BGA components at Pb-free reflow temperatures requires the monitoring at the rated MSL level, since it impacts the manufacturability and reliability of final assembly. Introduction Altera's Lead-Free (Pb-free) solutions are motivated by the requirements being imposed on the semiconductor and electronics industry to reduce or eliminate the use of Pb. A directive by European council on Waste from Electrical and Electronic equipment (WEEE) proposed restrictions on the use of Pb in electronics by 2006. In Japan, the ministry of international trade and industry has set a maximum amount of Pb for automobiles (excluding batteries). While there is no legislation mandating the reduction in Pb in the electronic devices in Japan, the electronic industry is actively marketing select electronic devices as Pb-free. Based on these proposals and directives, Altera has proactively committed to working with its suppliers to offer Pb-free packaging solutions. There are several competing options available for Pb-free finishes. Working with the assembly sub-contractors Altera has evaluated packages with matte Sn and/or Sn-2% Cu lead finish for leaded packages, and Sn-3-4%Ag-0.5%Cu solder balls for ball grid array packages. Additional testing on pre-plated Ni/Pd finish is also being pursued as a possible alternative finish. For the leaded packages, 12 micron thick Sn or Sn-2% Cu plating is used on standard lead-frames. In addition to the change in the lead finish, the thermal robustness of the package was improved by selecting appropriate materials and processes to allow for the higher reflow temperature compatibility required for assembling boards using Pb-free solder pastes. The qualification data gathered demonstrates the technical capability to assemble most devices offered by Altera with process and/or material modifications. Some of the devices tested had very large die sizes that posed some unique challenges. Not all available assembly process and materials strategies from the assembly sites were easily portable because of the very large die sizes for typical Altera devices. Various approaches were used to make the components reliable to Pb-free reflow temperatures, including the use of new materials and changes in the processes to achieve better reliability. Verification of Moisture Sensitivity Levels The standard Sn-Pb components without any additional modifications have been tested to the standard JEDEC surface mount simulation test to different Moisture Sensitivity Levels (MSL). The components were tested to different peak reflow temperatures – 220C, 235C, 245C. While almost all components meet MSL3 at 220 C, some of the larger components meet only MSL4 or worse for higher temperatures (see Figure 1). For peak reflow temperatures of 245 o C testing on the larger components (and larger die sizes) resulted in die surface delamination (Figure 2) at MSL level 3. Degradation in moisture sensitivity was observed on each package type to different extents. Smaller TQFP, PQFP and FBGA packages were able to withstand 245 C reflow. For the case of Flip-Chip BGAs (FCBGA) underfill delamination and solder smearing (Figure 3) was observed when the solder bump composition was eutectic. When high Pb bumps were used, no underfill dela mination was observed to 245 C on all components 35mm on the side and smaller. To improve manufacturability, Altera prefers to achieve MSL 3 rating for all the components. In order to achieve MSL level 3 for all the components some modifications were necessary for each package type. Different approaches were required for each package type. Requirements from various industry groups require qualification of the components to a peak reflow temperatures of 245C to 260C depending on the component size. MSL ratings for different packages


The fine structure of the presumed rectal pheromone gland cells of male Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, and of male and female Dacus latifrons (Hendel) was examined for the presence of those organelles described in the literature as characteristic of pheromone-secreting cells. D. cucurbitae possessed almost all of these organelles. In male D. latifrons , the cells possessed few of the organelles that characterize secreting cells. The epithelium in this species appears to be modified instead for stretching when the rectum is filled. The fine structure of the rectal epithelial cells of females of D. latifrons was quite different from that of cells of the males of this species.


A Planned Industrial Sector (Law 13744) is projected to be installed near Tornquist city. Hydrologically is located in the Sauce Chico river basin. The vadose zone (VZ) of the studied area is characterized by loessic sediments and an impermeable and discontinuous layer of calcareous sediments at the upper portion. The phreatic aquifer is contained in the Sedimentos Pampeanos. To determine the potentially of a contamination event affecting the subsoil and the aquifer, the transit recharging was evaluated by Balshort V.3 program. To evaluate the transport of non-reactive and reactive solutes in the VZ, with HYDRUS 2D/3D program, the transit recharging was considered. Enough long transit times to warrant the pollutant degradation were defined. The physical characteristics of the hydrogeological system support the development of certain industrial activities in the studied area.


The study was carried out in 12 clinical cases of cattle to assess the cardiovascular effects of intravenous continuous rate infusion of lignocaine as an adjunct to general anaesthesia for intestinal surgeries. The animals were indiscriminately selected and categorized equally into two groups. All the animals were premedicated with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol tartrate at the dose rate of 0.5 µg per kg and 20 µg per kg body weight i.v. respectively. After five minutes of premedication, induction of anaesthesia was achieved with double drip solution containing ketamine hydrochloride 2 mg and guaifenesin 50 mg per mL respectively, administered i.v. "to effect". Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in all the animals. In group II animals ten minutes prior to skin incision, slow intravenous lignocaine bolus at the dose rate of 2 mg per kg and continuous rate infusion at the dose rate of 50 µg per kg per min was delivered through volumetric infusion pump. There was no significant difference in cardiovascular parameters noticed between the group which signifies that intravenous lignocaine at this dose in anaesthetised cattle is cardiovascular dynamic.


Texture depth is defined as the deviations of the road surface profile from the datum plane. It is currently assessed by two methods--sensor measured texture depth (SMTD) and sand patch method (SPM). Many researchers did lots of experiments to study the correlation between these two methods, but ignored the waveform characteristic of the road surface profile. A mathematical model of the road surface profile was built in this paper to calculation of texture depth and compare the two methods. This paper studied the statistical relationship between sensor measured texture depth and sand patch method in different waveform characteristics, and found out that the frequency is the main factor. The results show that the two methods have excellent correlation at the same frequency, and the correlation coefficient R2 is equal to 1. Plates with same frequency were designed to conducted comparison experiments. The result verify the above conclusion. It shows good correlation between the laser detection technology and the volumetric patch technique. Since manufacturers mainly use sand patch method for experiments, the result provides a theoretical basis and technical support for factory inspection. Also, it can be used to get the characteristics of the pavement structure in return.


Study of wound-healthing action was conducted on model of linear cutaneous and burn wound, infected by the staphylococci. For immunosuppression all groups cyclophosphane have been inputed intraperitoneally. The statistic authenticity of changes was estimated using Student's criterion for nongeminate samples. Due to performed experiments the optimum compositions of phytogels for the prevention of one of aftermaths of diabetes mellitus diabetes footstep was carried out. To 20 experiments days observed complete the wound healing in all groups of animals, except checking (no the healings and to 20 experiments days the wound area 1, 3 sm2) was observed.


Sodium vanadate and sulphate form deposits, liquid at high temperature, which cause corrosion of boiler pipes. The analysis of properties and of electrochemical corrosion in melted sodium vanadate allows to understand, in a simple case, a complex process, and to compare corrosion resistance of different metals by a quick and simple method.


By coincidence several articles appeared in the weekly press of 8 January 1983 that pointed to the need for clinical audit. The BMJ reported that in an area of general practice only one third of men had had their blood pressure recorded, though there was no information on the percentage of general practitioners who failed to carry out this simple procedure.' A survey of the prescriptions for antibiotics in a city hospital claimed to show evidence of both unnecessary (350o) and inappropriate (160o) prescribing and that an educational programme had had no beneficial effect; it concluded that "much might be achieved by audit if this desire for improvement emanated from the clinicians themselves."2 In the Lancet a review sponsored by the King Edward's Hospital Fund for London on the American system of hospital accreditation3 concluded, "There is a place for the independent voluntary assessment of quality in our own health services," and also, "the method of interdisciplinary peer review can work well." Following its pioneer survey,4 the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust published an important collection of essays derived from a meeting where a group of doctors described what was or might be done if audit were undertaken in a number of specialties, particularly if the royal colleges directed such audits.' The trust has also recently issued a well publicised book on anaesthetic deaths.6 The main functions of audit are monitoring and upgrading standards of health care. The concept may be broadened to include identifying doctors who have a poor performance and monitoring their improvement. But most doctors in Britain are reluctant to admit, in public, that a small number of their colleagues might be offering a low standard of care, due to ill health, ignorance, or idleness-which is completely different from making the occasional mistake or having an off day, usually due to overwork. They are equally reluctant to look into the methods (such as peer review) by which the profession may identify and monitor those who have a persistently substandard performance. We are led to believe that in the United States doctors are more willing to cooperate in peer review and similar such procedures, whether as assessors or assessed. Certainly the (American) Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals publishes a quarterly Quality Review Bulletin which documents the results of audit and peer review procedures.


Anti–CTLA-4 treatment increases the diversity of the melanoma-specific CD8 T cell response. Anti–CTLA-4 Therapy Expands T Cell Range An antibody to the immune inhibitory molecule CTLA-4, ipilimumab, can improve survival in patients with advanced melanoma. However, how anti–CTLA-4 works to improve the tumor immune response in humans remains unclear. Now, Kvistborg et al. show that although the magnitude of T cell responses was largely unaltered after therapy, the number of different T cell responses was significantly increased. Indeed, this increased breadth suggests that anti–CTLA-4 may work by increasing priming of T cells to tumor-related antigens rather than boosting preexisting immune responses. If so, other strategies that improve the range of T cells may have similar success battling cancer. Anti–CTLA-4 treatment improves the survival of patients with advanced-stage melanoma. However, although the anti–CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab is now an approved treatment for patients with metastatic disease, it remains unknown by which mechanism it boosts tumor-specific T cell activity. In particular, it is unclear whether treatment amplifies previously induced T cell responses or whether it induces new tumor-specific T cell reactivities. Using a combination ultraviolet (UV)–induced peptide exchange and peptide–major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) combinatorial coding, we monitored immune reactivity against a panel of 145 melanoma-associated epitopes in a cohort of patients receiving anti–CTLA-4 treatment. Comparison of pre- and posttreatment T cell reactivities in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples of 40 melanoma patients demonstrated that anti–CTLA-4 treatment induces a significant increase in the number of detectable melanoma-specific CD8 T cell responses (P = 0.0009). In striking contrast, the magnitude of both virus-specific and melanoma-specific T cell responses that were already detected before start of therapy remained unaltered by treatment (P = 0.74). The observation that anti–CTLA-4 treatment induces a significant number of newly detected T cell responses—but only infrequently boosts preexisting immune responses—provides strong evidence for anti–CTLA-4 therapy–enhanced T cell priming as a component of the clinical mode of action.


For the past few years, wireless networks have played bigger role in connecting people. Demand for it services has increased tremendously. In order to provide better services and choices for high-speed internet access and multimedia service for business and residential customer, IEEE has come out with new solution. Started on 2001, IEEE 802.16 working group was developing the IEEE 802.16 standards for wireless Metropolitan Area Networks. Their objective and forecast are to provide broadband wireless last-miles access in a Metropolitan Area Network, easy to deploy and giving high speed data rate and large covering area. To fulfil this objective, a good scheduling system can boost the performance of Wireless network. In this work, a detailed simulation study from the Base Station to Subscriber station (downlink) is carried out for comparing 2 different schedulers in terms of their performance. The simulation is carried out via the NCTUns simulator.


The invention relates to a fast-demoulding casting type PU elastomer compound; two component systems are adopted; one is a prepolymer component; vulcabond is reacted with polylol for obtaining a prepolymer with NCO percent is equal to 9 to 15 percent (weight); polypropylene oxide ether polylol with molecular weight of 1000 to 3000 and a functionality of 2 to 3 is adopted as the polylol; the second is a polymer component which consists of the polypropylene oxide ether polylol with a molecular weight of 1000 to 3000 and a functionality of 2 to 3, an aromatic diamine firming agent and a catalyst. The prepolymer component and the polymer component are mixed according to a weight ratio of 1: 1, cast, vulcanized and shaped; a product can be demoulded in ten minutes without post-vulcanization, thus obtaining the fast-demoulding casting type PU elastomer with a product rigidity of shoreA80 to 97 and excellent mechanical properties. The fast-demoulding casting type PU elastomer compound is mainly used for manufacturing the products of PU elastomer such as polyurethane rubber wheel, polyurethane plank stuff and rubber roller, etc.


This article researches the relationship between the flow of science technology productivity and the growth of new industries from their characteristics and rules. The results show that technology transfer and mobile is the basic form that science technology productivity promotes the growth of new industries. The government plays an important guidance role in the flow of science technology productivity and the growth of new industries. The flow of science technology productivity has changed the economic function of science technology elements. New industries show new growth characteristics under the flow of science technology productivity. The flow of science technology productivity promotes new industries to form and develop. The growth of new industries accelerates the speed of the flow of scientific technological productivity at the same time.


Intangible assets are fundamental generators of companies' competitive advantage. While the tangible assets were the most important company's resources in the past, nowadays, the intellectual resources determine the success of a company. Intangible resources represent the non-physical substances, which are difficult to define, measure and valuate. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to analyze the valuation methods of intangible assets in the area of the traditional accounting framework. The paper addresses the importance of the intangible assets in management literature, and links various valuation methods of intangible assets to the context of economics, business and strategic management.


We study the production of the lightest neutralinos in the radiative process e + e - → X 1 ~ 0 X 1 ~ 0 δ in low energy supersymmetric models for the International Linear Collider energies with longitudinally polarized electron and positron beams. For this purpose we consider the case of nonminimal supersymmetric standard model as well as the case of minimal supersymmetric standard model. At the first stage of a linear collider, with √s =500 GeV, the radiative production of the lightest neutralinos may be a viable channel to study supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, especially if the other supersymmetric particles are too heavy to to be pair-produced. We consider in detail the effect of beam polarization on the production cross section. We compare and contrast the dependence of the signal cross section on the parameters of the neutralino sector of the nonminimal and minimal supersymmetric standard model when the electron and positron beams are longitudinally polarized. In order to assess the feasibility of experimentally observing the radiative neutralino production process, we consider the background to this process coming from the Standard Model process e + e - → ν - ν with longitudinally polarized electron and positron beams. We also consider the supersymmetric background to the radiative neutralino production process coming from the radiative production of the scalar partners of the neutrinos (sneutrinos) e + e - → ν ~ ν ~ γ , with longitudinally polarized beams. This process can be a a background to the radiative neutralino production when the sneutrinos decay invisibly.


The function of the mental health review tribunal is defined in Part V of the Mental Health Act 1983. Together with statute and Common Law, it provides safeguards to those detained under the Act. The provisions of the Human Rights Act 1998 have strengthened these safeguards. The key articles in


The main aim of present study is to examine the impact of environmental uncertainty (market ) , the investments and the quality of information available to the authority of the investments of accepted Tehran Stock Exchange listed companies , as well as the increasing introduction of a new theory named the actual authority .The investment authority in asset capital also like authority is on financial assets with the difference that these authorities appear on the real assets such as the land , building , machinery and other physical assets. By using the traditional methods of assessing projects such as the method of cash flow reduction (net present value and internal rate of return). With regard to the elements of environmental uncertainty, managerial authority and flexibility in projects and investments lead unrealistic assessment. So with regard to these drawbacks to use theory of investment authority and its effects in the value of the company and determining its value could be a great help to the better and more real assessment of projects and investments. So in case this question arises that with regard to this point that managers have such authority, how they regard the structure and the logic of investments authority in the analysis and designing their projects with a view to environmental uncertainty, the cost of investment, riskless interest rate and the quality of the information available for the company ?. For this purpose by using public formula of Cochrane a sample including 163 financial directors of the corporate (manufacturing) of Tehran Stock Exchange reviewed their views and opinions about the investments authorities. And also to analyze the data the linear regression was used. By regarding the conducted surveys it become clear that based on the above mentioned managers points of view the independent variables ( environmental uncertainty , riskless interest rate, cost of investment and the quality of the information available ) have a significant impact on investment authority . © 2016 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Fin. Mgmt. 92 (2016) 39150-39155 Finance Management Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Hamid Reza Vakili fard and Ardeshir Salari / Elixir Fin. Mgmt. 92 (2016) 39150-39155 39151 soon as being accepted a project or investment should it maintain until the end of its effective life. Investment uncertainties and economic changing circumstances leads to a new look at the financial issues. That new logic and view is a model that applies in almost all managerial decisions. This new logic and assessment procedure is called "logic of investment authority". According to this logic, new information removes part of the initial uncertainty of the market so forcing the management so to re-view in its original decisions. While traditional analyses managerial flexible and underestimate the value of these projects and strategies. Reply to evaluate such projects in the analysis of investment authorities that can be used in a dynamic environment such as the discovery of a new drug, oil and gas section, manufacturing, e-business, evaluating entry into new markets, joint investment of research and development, integration of electronic markets, developing intellectual assets (people), development of technology, the development of equipment and other items. More, the base of our work in investment budgeting is that cash flow for each investment project is predicted until a specific time in future, then with the appropriate discount rate, their present value is obtained. Usually investment projects, after the selection and the beginning of the investment in them, aren't sustainable and unchanging. Managers sometimes may make some revolutions, with the acquisition of new data and the new time conditions influencing the cash flow of future investments. The freedom of Directors (or the authority of investment) is hidden in the center of investment. Authority of investment is an approach considering a positive reason from the valuation and risk and identification to promote investment. Unfortunately, In Iran investment authority does not apply for some reasons. The study examines the impact of market uncertainty, the quality of information available to managers and the investment costs on investment authorities introducing methods and concepts for the expansion of investment authority in Iran by this way. This study searches this point that, whether financial managers of exchange companies accepted these changes in Iran and taking some steps in line with other leading countries in accordance with the methods and techniques of investment or not?. Research purpose According to the present study regarding analysis of the effect of uncertainty in the market, investments and quality of information on investment authorities, the main and secondary objectives should be the following: The main objective 1Helping professional managers regarding general use of authority for investment and using this authority by executives. Secondary objectives 1To explain the relationship between environmental uncertainty and investment authority. 2To explain the relationship between risk-free interest rates and investment authority. 3To explain the relationship between quality of available information and investment authority 4To explain the relationship between cost of investment and investment authority This research will lead present findings about investment authorities. The results of which can cause financial managers to become familiar with investment matters. Background of research The term of investment authority was developed and applied first by Stuart Mayer's the lecturer of MIT. It is noteworthy that in 1930, Irving Fisher clearly expressed some points regarding business section accessibility to authority. The concept of investment authority got popularized by Columbia Business School Professor Michael Mabvsyn. Applied investment authority to describe the gap between the stock market prices of some firms and the intrinsic value of those firms using the traditional assessment methods specially discounted cash flow techniques. Eduardo Schwartz was kind of pioneer in science research in this area. George is also contemporary scholars having conducted many studies in connection with the investment authority and many of his books and articles have been published. In this section we summarized the findings of the foreign scholars and then to research conducted in our country. Foreign research Kullberg Larynx (1998) in an article entitled "The authorities of investment in capital budgeting, cost of research and development" by using BalkScholes' formulas presented a specific model to valuate growth authority and authorities of the transfer of a project from P&U comparing the present valuation by using Black Sholes method with the results of valuation with the traditional net present value and found that the value of a project using the authority of investment is higher than the net present value method. , but the difference is small. Jag (1998) in an article is assessing the investment authorities in different industrial companies of British. In this research being a case study has asked managers look into the authorities for investment, the test showed that there is lots of relationship between manager's intuition and theory of investment authorities. Moscowitz (2001) in a study entitled "Analysis of investment authorities and decisions strategy" in USA expresses that investment authorities approach lead to know investments correctly and reduce risk in decision making and finally considers the investment authorities as a factor for flexibility in decision making. Terry George (2005) in a study entitled "The environmental uncertainty of market" in the United Kingdom considers the lack of reliability and flexibility as the most important factors of valuation. He believes that the uncertainty caused by the company's internal and external resources have some subsections for each of them and eventually an important aspect of the authority and its relationship to the uncertainty is that the more the higher is the value of authority. Therefore their severity holds, has high impact on value of authority directly and both are interdependent. Flexibility consists of authority that is used to respond to uncertainty. Bachylvrz (2007) in a study entitled "Analysis of investment authorities," stated that the capital-budgeting methods being called as of analysis of investment authorities is as a tool to measure investment, if there is any investment problem like possibility of loss it stops that and eventually he came to the conclusion that the investment authority is as a tool for management in investment planning and management. Sebastian J. (2011) in a study entitled "The management structure of information on investment authorities valuation," said the analysis of the investment as a superior method for projects with management flexibility are recognized but still due to various problems it has caused Hamid Reza Vakili fard and Ardeshir Salari / Elixir Fin. Mgmt. 92 (2016) 39150-39155 39152 limited performance. He says that the approach of authorities of investment by using the estimated cash flow approach acknowledges the assessment of the investment project. With the introduction of this method, we were able to level the value of the project, the distribution of cash in management flow. This context that can be named as the value of managerial flexibility can be helpful in more easier types of investment authorities including authority of transferring, stoppage authority and ......Also investment authorities analysis to match with financial theory needs to parametric models mental accumulation and connecting with analysis framework accompanied with continuous practice. Domestic research Ali Nejad Sarvklayy in A study (2009) entitled "investment authorities" described that in projects that


This paper presents design rule checking (DRC) methods to address challenges caused by non-Manhattan geometries that are widely present in photonic integrated circuit (PIC) physical designs. Verifying such layouts with traditional DRC tools results in a huge number of false errors that are impossible to debug; and some physical rules are simply uncheckable. We demonstrate the use of an extended DRC technique on photonic designs to tackle these issues. The results show that the technique is well-suited for silicon photonics DRC, enabling false errors to be filtered in a controllable manner, leading to easier debugging with layout annotation; multi-dimensional rule checking to be performed; and mathematical expressions to be used for more accurate descriptions of physical rules.


Abstract : Textile fabric automation and manufacturing has been of great concern over the past decade. This is an interesting task due to the accidental changes of cloth material properties. Due to the increasing demand of consumers for high-quality textile products, an automatic and objective evaluation of the material texture appearance is important with reference to geometric structure characteristics, surface, and mechanical properties. The precise measurement of the material texture parameters, like weave structure and yarn counts find wide applications within the textile industry. The weave pattern and therefore the yarn count are analyzed and determined for computer simulated sample images and also for the scanned real fabric images. Image Processing algorithms are used to identify the accurate structure of the woven fabric and to determine the yarn count. They are used for segmenting the crossed areas of yarns and also to detect the defects like crossed area thanks to the random distribution of yarns. Grey Scale Algorithm is applied to convert the fabric image into a grey level image. Histogram Equalization is used to enhance the contrast. Spatial Domain Projection to individually recognize the each pixels in a fabric.


This paper presents comparison and utilization of resources, delay and minimum period with efficient data transmission using SDI of FPGA. Normally while farming, human labours must visit the fields at time to time and must check the parameters like humidity, temperature, dew point, soil moisture and water level of a well manually and regularly. This traditional method is considered time consuming and needs a lot of work and effort. In the proposed new system, the data related to different parameters will be collected and stored in flash memory. After this process, the data is analyzed, displayed in LCD screen and the data is transmitted by SDI using different coding techniques.


Introduction The practice of anesthesiology has become increasingly complex. Not only are the clinical sites of care expanding, but the challenges of the clinical management have also increased. Advances in anesthetic management as well as improved understanding of perioperative needs of patients undergoing anesthesia and surgery have altered the environment in which the anesthesiologist practices. As a result of these changes, every anesthesiologist is expected to have the basic skills to manage the majority of medical emergencies occurring in the operating room, as well as provide cardio-respiratory resuscitation and emergency airway management in other settings. Most importantly, as a result of clinical demands on other specialists, the increasing surgical volume and an emphasis on patient safety, anesthesiologists are now expected to provide an increasing proportion of preoperative care and to serve as perioperative physicians in a number of settings. The skills, knowledge and expertise of anesthesiologists have historically made them the ideal intensivists, and they once again create opportunities for the anesthesiologist to serve as the critical care physician and, in some cases the "surgical hospitalist."


The vulcanization characteristics and vulcanizates physical mechanical properties of some coagents,eg. HVA 2(N,N′ m phenylene Dimaleimide)TAIC(Trially Isocyanurate)and PB(1,2 Polybutadiene),which applicated to HNBR vulcanized by peroxide were investigated comparely. The results showed that the torque MH on cure curve of curemeter increased rapidly as increasing gradually amount of HVA 2, whereas MH of TAIC and PB were slowly. When HVA 2 was 4phr, T 90 of cure curve was about 6min, which was shorter than that of TAIC and PB, indicating that HVA 2 and TAIC PB were two different kinds coagents from cure effective and cure rate. When these coagents were 2.5phr, elongation at break of vulcanizates were 178%,212% and 228%, respectively, all less than 275%of blank, but compress sets (A method, 150℃×72h)were improved obviously, decreased from about 36% of blank to about 25%,20%, and 20%, respectively.


Understanding the cognitive aspects of human error will increase the usability of user interfaces. It is important to study the cognitive aspects of human error because many disasters have been attributed to operator errors. Creating usable interfaces that reduce the likelihood of error will save industries a great deal ofmoney and may even save human lives. A greater understanding of human errors can be obtained by examining the psychological basis of errors, the methods used to study errors, some of the problems associated with studying errors and different types of errors. Next, the current research findings can then be applied to user interfaces to reduce the probability of user errors. Then, a web survey system, phpESP, will be analyzed based on the guidelines for reducing human error in user interfaces. The analysis of the survey system can server as a guide to help designers reduce potential user errors.


Two species of the subgenus Exosyntretus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) in the genus Syntretus are reported from Korea in this study. Among them, Syntretus (Exosyntretus) nevelskoii Belokobylskij is new to Korea. The world checklist, diagnosis and distribution data are included.


The utility model relates to a DC power supply testing device, which comprises testing equipment, a testing control device and control equipment, wherein the testing equipment is used for testing a DC power supply, the DC power supply comprises an input end and an output end, the testing control device comprises a microcontroller, a switch module and a switch control module, the input end and the output end of the DC power supply are respectively and electrically connected with the testing equipment through the switch module, the microcontroller sends out corresponding control signals to the switch control module, the switch control module controls the switch module to make the input end and the output end of the DC power supply be electrically communicated with the testing equipment according to the corresponding control signals, and the testing equipment reads corresponding voltage values of the input end and the output end, and sends the read voltage values to the control equipment.


EXAMINATION of mortality and morbidity data leads to the conclusion that malaria and tuberculosis were the outstanding disease problems in Latin America during the decade 1942-52. Such diseases as yaws, hookworm disease, Hansen's disease, schistosomiasis, and epidemic typhus, however, also constituted problems, and in some areas one or another of these rivaled malaria and tuberculosis for a topranking position. In Haiti, for example, it is believed that yaws has attacked one-third of the population of 3,000,000 and that at any one time there are at least 50,000 active cases. Hookworm disease was, and still is, a major problem in tropical and subtropical areas where climatic and soil conditions are favorable and where the disposal of human feces is improperly provided for. This disease represents a heavy burden on the productive capacity of the population. There are more than 37,000 known cases of Hansen's disease in Brazil, 8,000 in Colombia, and about 8,000 in Mexico. Other countries have a few hundred to a few thousand cases each. Since there are no certain means of preventing or of curing this disease, it is still necessary to provide custodial care for thousands of infected individuals. Schistosomiasis is limited to a few areas of Latin America, but the necessary intermediate host, a snail of the genus Planorbi8, is widely of malnourishment, is described, improvement.


The literature dealing with the effects of subsoil compaction on yields is reviewed. In the first year after arable land has been deformed by exceeding the internal soil strength (= precompression stress value) with axle loads ranging from 5 to 18 tonnes, yields decline by up to 55%. For many years, yields are reduced by between 6 and 15%, even if soils are not intensely compacted by ploughing, seeding, harvesting, etc. Recovery of the soil structure is not described in the literature, and in many parts of the world soil compaction is described as irreversible, resulting in inevitable decline in yields unless special measures are adopted. Some further recommendations are made.


A computer-based system for monetizing social media profiles on social media platforms including providing a link or URL for a user publish to a social media profile on a social media platform, where the link or URL is controlled by the system, providing at least one article for the user to publish to the social media platform instructing viewers to select or follow the link or URL, and directing or redirecting a viewer who selects or follows the link or URL to a webpage containing advertising.


This qualitative case study of two Arab American preservice teachers living, studying, and learning to teach in post-9/11 New York City explores how arts-informed inquiry opens up a different space for conceptualizing the human condition. Poetry and collage allowed the researcher and participants to co-theorize in a way that rendered a portrait that reflects the tones, intensities, and various hues of their experiences during this historical time period. Poetry provided a space to talk with each other about the (re) presentation and (co)understandings of the experiences, whereas collage provided an alternative dimension to discuss the emotions and feelings involved with shifting selves and power struggles. This article argues that arts-informed inquiry provides the possibilities to paint "an authentic portrait" through engaging in evocative experiences that reveal the multidimensionality of our lived realities.


e18800 Background: As oncology treatment has evolved to become more individualized, prognostic rationale has also undergone important changes. In breast cancer, disease staging was historically based upon anatomic features of the primary tumor, in combination with involvement of adjacent/distant tissues. However, as the understanding of molecular/genomic involvement became more advanced, staging definitions were redefined to incorporate receptors, histologic grade, and genetic expression. In this analysis, we use autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecasting to understand how AJCC updates to prognostic definitions have contributed to stage migration, and to comment on whether better detection, or definitional changes, may be responsible for the increasing incidence in early stage breast cancer. Methods: In this time series forecast, ARIMA models, per stage (early: stage I/II vs. late: stage III/IV) were constructed based on 2004-2016 historic breast cancer incidence rates, as reported by the NCDB. Multiple models were generated, using differing autoregressive parameters; the most predictive model was chosen using the lowest Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) to ensure best fit. Similar methodology has already been published to predict prostate cancer incidence. The best fit models were applied to forecast annual incidence, in the NCDB, in 2017. These data were compared to the real-world data captured in 2017. Statistics were performed using modeling systems in SPSS, version 27. Results: n=1,661,971 cases were included for these models, and 12 years of pre-AJCC updated NCDB breast cancer data were used. Using ARIMA modeling, best fit, stationary averages were identified, with autoregressive and difference terms which contributed to the lowest BIC, and MAPE < 5%, for both models. The best fit models forecasted 2017 incidence, by stage, without AJCC updates to staging criteria, and this data is compared to actual 2017 incidence with current updated AJCC 8th staging criteria (Table). Conclusions: During 2017, the first year of AJCC staging updates, there was an observed decrease in late stage diagnoses, and increase in early stage diagnoses, when compared with incidence rates that were forecasted using the old, anatomic AJCC criteria. Therefore, part of the stage migration noted may be a product of staging semantics, using updated definitions. Confirming appropriate improvement in long-term outcomes, based on new staging would be helpful. It is also important for clinicians and public health officials to bear this in-mind when interpreting epidemiologic data, for allocating resources, as shifts in staging may be a product of guideline changes, and not necessarily screening efficacy or early detection only.[Table: see text]


In the process of monitoring and repairing, it is difficult to measure wire net signal of power system's high voltage transmission lines in work-field accurately. In order to solve this problem, the signal measured in remote substation or laboratory is employed to make multipoint prediction and then the predicted data is sent to work-field via wireless network GPRS to gain the needed data. Because ANFIS network has the ability of expressing knowledge, fuzzy reference effectively and quick learning speed on-line, it is used to forecast data. The needed precise data may be computed based on current time and received data, which may provide reliably basis for fault diagnosis of air bracket high voltage power transmission lines. Experiment results show that the designed ANFIS network has strong predicting ability, which offers accurate data for the monitoring and fault diagnosis of power high voltage transmission lines.


A systematic study is made of the unitarisation method which the authors recently proposed for the eikonal-Born series approximation, in the case of fast electron-atom and positron-atom collisions. The authors' unitarisation procedure is based on a generalisation of the potential scattering eikonal expansion of Wallace to the multiparticle case, suitably modified to take the long-range polarisation effects and absorption effects at small angles into account correctly. They also develop a new non-perturbative approximation for the exchange scattering amplitude, which is appropriate to use with the authors' unitarised EBS direct scattering amplitude for electron-atom collisions. The authors' then apply their unitarised EBS method to the elastic scattering of electrons and positrons by atomic hydrogen in the energy range 100-400 eV. A detailed comparison is made with other related theoretical methods and with recent absolute measurements of (e--H) elastic differential cross sections. Total (integrated) elastic and total (complete) cross sections for both electron and positron impact are also discussed.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basic Variable Speed Drive Power Mosfet Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Power Rectifiers Mos-Gated Thyristors New Semiconductor Materials Device Comparison Smart Power Control Chips Conclusion This chapter contains sections titled: References
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Self service technologies (SST) in the airline industry are becoming more common nowadays in the developing countries. This research seeks to understand the factors that affect the travellers' intention to use such technologies. Literature reveals that tech readiness, perceived ease of use and perceived reliability (PR) towards technologies play a role in the intention to use them. In order to test the hypotheses, data was collected from 552 travellers at Chennai Airport. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. Results indicate that perceived reliability and tech readiness are significant predictors of the intention to use SSTs. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.


The well-logging operations performed in the Miravalles Geothermal Field in Costa Rica were conducted during two separate field trips. The Phase I program provided the deployment of a suite of high-temperature borehole instruments, including the temperature/rabbit, fluid sampler, and three-arm caliper in Well PGM-3. These same tools were deployed in Well PGM-10 along with an additional survey run with a combination fluid velocity/temperature/pressure instrument used to measure thermodynamic properties under flowing well conditions. The Phase II program complemented Phase I with the suite of tools deployed in Wells PGM-5, PGM-11, and PGM-12. 4 refs., 25 figs., 1 tab.


We consider limiting behavior of multi-dimensional diffusion processes
in two types of Brownian environments.
One is given
values at different
$d$ points of a one-dimensional Brownian motion, which is supposed
to be a multi-parameter environment, and other is
given by $d$ independent one-dimensional Brownian motions.
We show recurrence of multi-dimensional diffusion processes
in both Brownian environments above for any dimension and almost all
environments.
Their limiting behavior
is quite different from that of ordinary
multi-dimensional Brownian motion.
We also consider cases of reflected Brownian environments.


Punch card knitting codifies the different stitch patterns into binary patterns, informing the knitting machine when to change color or to generate different stitch types. This research explores the collaboration with Generative Adversarial Neural Networks (GAN) to generate new punch card pattern designs. Reflecting on the creative collaborative approach to working with artificial intelligence for design. The hypothesis is that AI can learn the basic underlying structures of the punch cards and the pattern underlying structures that is inherent to Fair Isle knitting. Using a dialectic process of curating data sets, to re-configuring data post processing, AI and human design both play a role in the creation of these new patterns. Utilizing Style GAN2, the results from these explorations offer different insights into pattern design and generate new unique designs from the latent patterns. Ultimately the designs are physically tested on a domestic knitting machine, resulting in novel fabrication methods to produce AI designs as a physical result going beyond just the typical computer-generated image.


We present mid-infrared images of the ultracompact H II region complex G34.3+0.2 taken on the IRTF through a 1.8% circular variable filter wheel at 8.0, 9.7, 11.2, 12.8, and 13.2 μm and through a 6.8% filter at 20.6 μm. Infrared emission was detected at the radio components A, C (the "cometary" component), and D. In addition, two new sources of emission were found south of C at 20.6 μm; we assign them names of E and F. Infrared emission was not detected at B, and C does not have the famous cometary shape that is observed in radio continuum emission. Photometric flux densities and source sizes are determined for A, C, and E. Radiative transfer models are then presented to match the observed dust emission for these sources. Based on the observations and models, an overview of the complex is suggested in which C is an approximately spherical centrally heated source that was not formed from material in the adjacent ultracompact molecular core. C is not a blister source, and it is not colliding with the molecular core.


In this paper, I will focus on the use of the verbal cluster gaan+infinitive 'go' in Dutch jokes told by bilingual children aged between 6 and 13 years of Turkish and Moroccan descent. The children told these jokes at the so-called Salaam Lombok, a multicultural market which is held every year around September in the neighbourhood of Lombok/Transvaal in Utrecht. This neighbourhood is object of research within the TCULT-program (Cornips and Jongenburger 1999). The recordings r2"


Currently, the concept of direct regeneration has garnered considerable attention from the public due to its minimal environmental impact, high economic value, and stable performance of recycled materials. In this study, an organic lithium salt‐assisted eutectic salts direct regeneration (OAER) is proposed for replenishing lithium in an extremely low state of health Ni‐rich cathode (Low SOH NCM). The OAER method capitalizes on the favorable inherent properties of eutectic salts; moreover, the reactions of organic lithium salt create an oxidation environment and vacancies. By employing OAER, Low SOH NCM are able to be recovered, which originally has a capacity of only 46.8 mAh g−1, to 155.5 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 95.6% after 100 cycles. Notably, this performance is substantially higher than that achieved through conventional and purely eutectic salt regeneration methods and even slightly surpasses the current commercial NCM material. Considering the economic and environmental benefits of the OAER approach, it demonstrates potential for direct regeneration of Low SOH NCM and exhibits competitiveness for industrial applications.


Taking village-in-city in Xi'an as research object,this paper introduces its present condition,discusses its reconstruction countermeasures from the angles of sociology and economics,in order to make it adapt and coordinate with urban overall development and to achieve sustainable development.


We are reporting ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the phenol O–H bond dissociation energy in the gas phase and in phenol–water clusters. We have tested a series of recently proposed functionals and verified that DFT systematically underestimates the O–H bond dissociation energy of phenol. However, O–H bond dissociation energies in water clusters are in reasonable agreement with experimental data for phenol in solution. We have evaluated electronic difference densities in phenol–water, phenoxy–water, and water, and we are suggesting that the representation of this quantity gives an interesting picture of the electronic density rearrangement induced by hydrogen bond interactions in phenol–water clusters. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001


Calcite and sapphire were shock compressed along the 〈101¯0〉 direction (a axis) in a plate impact configuration. Polarimetery and Photonic Doppler Velocimetery (PDV) were used to measure the change in birefringence with particle velocity in the shock direction. Results for sapphire agree well with linear photoelastic theory and current literature showing a linear relationship between birefringence and particle velocity up to 310 m s−1. A maximum change in birefringence of 5% was observed. Calcite however showed anomolous behaviour with no detectable change in birefringence (less than 0.1%) over the range of particle velocities studied (up to 75 m s−1).


Methods to program interface software channels including in software of gateways between the Top-level subsystem and Low-level subsystems of Automated Process control system (APCS) of Nuclear power plant (NPP) are considering. The structure of data packets in gateways, manners of data exchange, and algorithms to implement such manners are describing.


Russian laws guarantee a free emergency care to every Russian citizen. Network of the state own ambulance facilities is carrying on this task in Russia, unfortunately mismanagement of these institutions led to the situation when patients in some cases have to wait ambulance arrival for up to 5 hours. all problems in emergency healthcare caused by incompetent and lazy ambulance staff and protects only patients regardless of the circumstances. Because of the healthcare providers defenselessness in face of the law, in social media are cultivating almost only negative, accusative to doctors statements both substantiated and unsubstantiated. In the nutshell both mass and social media created a stigma against ambulance employee. Current situation in the emergency healthcare in Russia caused by combination of the inadequate legal framework, that don't match with practical healthcare, insufficient promotion of the primary care institution role and mismanagement of the ambulance service. It's seems that empowerment of the operators and ambulance crew members in case of decision about urgency of the calls, could decrease volume of calls significantly. Propaganda campaign on the matter of the primary healthcare institutions role can also be helpful in reduction of the volume of non-urgent calls to the ambulance, as well as investment in the primary healthcare institutions and ambulance service for reduction of the staff shortage.


The data acquisition systems of the next generation High Energy Physics experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will rely on high-speed point-to-point links and switching networks for their higher level trigger and event building systems. This thesis provides a detailed evaluation of the DS-Link and switch technology, which is based on the IEEE 1355 standard for Heterogeneous Interconnect (HIC). The DS-Link is a bidirectional point-to-point serial interconnect, operating at speeds up to 200 MBaud. The objective of this thesis was to study the performance of the IEEE 1355 link and switch technology and to demonstrate that switching networks using this technology would scale to meet the requirements of the High Energy Physics applications


Three adsorption resins,including 001×7,D001,D301 were used to separate glutathione from the extract of yeast cells.The effects of eluant(ammonia,ammonia in ethanol,hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride) concentrations,column height of ion exchange column(Φ2.5cm×30cm),sample flow rate and elution flow rate on the adsorption and elution of glutathione were investigated,respectively.The results showed that D301 resin had relatively high absorption capacity of glutathione,the absorption rate of which reached 84.63%.Using a combination of 60%vol ethanol and 10% ammonia as the eluant achieved an elution effect as high as 85.51%.When the column height of D301 resin was 20cm,sample flow rate 1.0ml/min,elution flow rate 2.0ml/min,the yield rate of glutathione separation reached 62.3%.


A practical engineering calculation was developed to model the viscous effects of a separated, reverse flow region on afterbody pressures and drag. This viscous calculation was iteratively coupled with an inviscid flow calculation by means of an aerodynamic interface. A standard boundary layer displacement thickness was used to modify the afterbody shape where the flow was attached. A discriminating streamline calculation was developed to account for displacement effects of the reverse flow in separated regions with and without a flowing jet. The viscous flow calculation was coupled with a potential flow calculation. The analysis accurately predicted afterbody pressures and drag with variations in Reynolds number, Mach number, and afterbody shape.