Background:Oral cavity cancer is a significant health problem in India. Majority of patients present with locally advanced disease requiring multimodality treatment. Despite recent advances overall prognosis remains guarded. Role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is being explored with premise of reducing extent of surgical resection, improving loco-regional control and decreasing distant metastasis, thereby improving treatment outcomes by decreasing mortality and morbidity.Aim: To evaluate the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced,unresectable oral cavity cancers. Materials And Methods: Mono institutional retrospective analysis of patients with locally advanced oral cavity cancers, who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) during the period between october 2014 to October 2015. Data regarding patient characteristics, chemotherapy received, toxicity, response rates, local treatment offered, patterns of failure, and overall survival analyzed from a prospectively filled database. Result: A total of 70 patients analyzed, : A total of 70 patients received chemotherapy. Median age been 45 years (range 20-70 years). 14 of our patient received 3 drug regimen while the rest of our patients received 2 drug regimen. Partial response achieved in 17 patients, stable disease in 41 patients and progression was noted in 12 patients. Resectability was achieved in 21 of 70 patients and showed marginally better results the estimated median PFS , OS in patients underwent surgery was 7.04 months and 11 months respectively. For those treated with non-surgical treatment PFS , OS was 4.5 months and 6.05 months respectively. Conclusion: Induction chemotherapy was effective in converting unresectable oral cavity cancers to operable disease in approximately 30% of patients and was associated with marginally improved progression free survival and overall survival in comparison to nonsurgical treatment. More multi institutional trials are required to arrive at a definite conclusion or protocol with neoadjuvant chemotherapy that may make a difference in locally advanced unresectable OCC.


ABSTRACT TESTS were conducted to compare the tractive per-formance of single, dual, and tandem tractor drive wheel systems. Each system was operated at the same soil and operational conditions. When single and dual systems were operated at the same dynamic load and travel reduction, the net traction for the two systems was almost equal. Generally, the tandem system produced higher net traction and tractive efficiency than either the single or dual system.


: This paper Study the Effect of the stresses generated incrementally in Finite Element Method under internal pressure. The holes, which can be considered as a stress raiser, are established in internal surface. The effect of the hole depth, which varied between 0.5 to 4.5 mm, and the hole diameter, which varied between 1 to 2.5 mm, on the generated stresses are presented and also, the effect of the stress concentration factor. It was found that, the hoop stress increases due to increase of the hole parameter, diameter and depth. Moreover, the characterizations of notch may be used to determine the maximum stress limit.


The concept of immediate implant loading has recently become popular due to less trauma, reduced overall treatment time, decreased patient's anxiety and discomfort, high patient acceptance and better function and esthetics. Nonetheless, research and understanding in this area are confusing and sometimes contradictory. Two stage surgical protocol was given by Branemark, but it has several pre-requisites like Countersinking the implant below crestal bone, Obtaining and maintaining the soft tissue covering over the implant for 3–6 month, maintaining a non-loaded implant environment for 3–6 months (1). The reasons for countersinking the implant below crestal bone are: To reduce and minimize the bacterial infection, To prevent the apical migration of oral epithelium along the body of implant and To reduce and minimize the risk of early implant loading during bone remodeling. A careful case selection, proper treatment plan, meticulous surgery and proper design of prosthesis are essential for optimal outcomes when this approach is adopted.


The term "mangrove" is being applied to the specific ecosystem of the intertidal world in the tropics and subtropics and the plant community of this ecosystem is termed as "mangrove vegetation". Halophytes as a group have one or more of several physiological adaptations that allow for the survival in the saline environment. A halophyte is a plant which is capable of surviving in a highly salty environment. In the present research an attempt has been made to study the effect of Sodium Chloride on seedling germination constituents of Ceriops roxburghiana. Seedlings were collected from mangrove forest in pichavaram, Tamilnadu, India. Polytene bags sizes with 12×18 cm were filled with sand, humus and red sand in 1:2:1 ratio. Various concentration of Sodium Chloride solution (0,100,200,300,400,500,600 and 700mM) were prepared by using distilled water. Plantation were separated into 8 groups, each group containing 50 number of plants. Each group of plants treated uniformly by different concentration of Sodium Chloride solution. In addition to this, plants were irrigated with distilled water and maintained as control (0). The effects of Sodium Chloride on seedling germination of the halophyte Ceriops roxburghiana were studied. Germination activity was maintained up to 300 mM NaCl. The NaCl inhibited germination only at concentrations higher than 300 mM.The results indicated that the NaCl salinity stimulated the seedling germination upto the optimal level of salinity (i.e., 100mM and 300mM) and decreased significantly with increased salinity (400 to 700mM). The inhibition of seed germination was proportional to the concentrations of NaCl increased.


Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is a commercially important flowering annual and is extensively cultivated. This flower is used for worshipping making garlands, interior decorations in ceremonial functions. It can be grown easily in varied agroclimatic conditions. Its habit of free flowering, short duration to produce marketable flowers, wide spectrum of attractive colours, shape, size and good keeping quality attracted the attention of flower growers. Besides the use of this flower as a cut flower it can be used for beautification and landscape planning. It has a great medicinal value. The leaf paste is used externally against boils and carbuncles. Leaf extract is a good remedy for ear-ache. Flower extract is considered as blood purifier, a cure of bleeding piles, and is a good remedy for eye diseases and ulcers (Bose and Yadav, 1993). The successful establishment of the crop mainly depends upon good quality seed. Viability and vigour of the seeds is regulated by many physico-chemical factors. Seeds of marigold also loose viability and vigour in continuous storage due to several factors viz., moisture content of the seed. atmospheric humidity, temperature, initial seed quality, physical and chemical composition of seed, gaseous exchange,farm of seeds, storage structure and packaging materials. Therefore, maintenance of good germinability of carry over seed till next sowing season is of vital importance to seed producers. This can be achieved by storing the seeds undercontrolled conditions of low temperature and relative humidity. But storing seed in controlled conditions Abstract : Studies were conducted to know the effect of forms of seed and container on seed quality in marigold at Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences. The treatments included two forms seed (dry flower and cleaned seed ), five containers (cloth bag, single layer polythene bag with silicagel, single layer polythene bag without silicagel, double layer polythene bag with silicagel, double layer polythene bag without silicagel). The experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Design in factorial concept in four replications stored for 10 months under ambient conditions.The results indicated that seed stored in the form of dry flower and stored in double layer polythene bag with silicagel recorded highest germination (53.25%), root length (5.13 cm), shoot length (3.98 cm), vigour index (503), seedling dry weight (4.53 mg), germination rate index (4.53) and field emergence (52.50%) with lowest electrical conductivity (0.898 dSm-1) at the end of storage period compared to cleaned seeds.Irrespective of treatments, moisture content of seed stored in polythene bag with silicagel decreased gradually and maintained constant after certain period, while it remain unchanged during storage in the seeds stored in polythene bag without silicagel. However, seed moisture content fluctuated in concomitant with the prevailing atmospheric relative humidity in seed stored in cloth bag.


General editors' preface Acknowledgements List of abbreviations 1. Introduction 2. Analytical framework: a cognitive approach of externalization 3. ASEAN's cognitive prior and negotiating capacities 4. ASEAN as a negotiator in global fora: stages of negotiation 5. ASEAN as an actor in global fora: negotiation strategies 6. Case studies 7. Conclusions and future options Executive summary References Index.


Although institutional care jeopardizes children's development, some studies suggest that well-functioning child-care institutions may offer children a better environment than their own dysfunctional families. For the growing number of HIV-infected children who often live in underprivileged families or institutions, comparative studies on their care arrangements are crucial.

In her dissertation Natasha Dobrova-Krol examined the impact of institutional care and HIV-infection on several developmental domains of more than 60 Ukrainian preschoolers. Physical growth, stress regulation, cognitive and social development, as well as organization of attachment and children's indiscriminately friendly behavior were addressed in this study. Developmental outcomes of HIV-infected children reared in disadvantaged families were compared with the outcomes of children reared in institutions providing adequate medical and physical care. In search for possible risk and protective factors in the development of the children individual characteristics and various aspects of the rearing environment were explored.

The findings of this study demonstrated that institutional rearing impeded the development of children in all domains. Both for children with and without HIV family care, even of compromised quality, was better than institutional care, even of good quality. HIV-infection was found to be associated with less favorable outcomes in physical growth and cognitive development. The negative impact of institutional care, however, was larger than the presence of HIV. In three out of six developmental domains that were examined, HIV-infected children reared in disadvantaged families showed significantly better results than both HIV-infected and uninfected children reared in institutions, and no difference was found in the other domains.

The quality of the child-caregiver relationship had a larger impact on children's physical growth and cognitive performance than either HIV-infection or the quality of the physical environment and thus represents an important intervention target. The study has important implications for intervention efforts in child-care institutions.


The question of actual investment versus reproduction cost will now be squarely presented to hte Supreme Court, with I. C. C. favoring the former


Project-based learning has enduring concerns with an individual contributor's grade allocation. An individual's final grade can be attained through whole group product assessment, individualised contribution assessment, or a combination of the two. Assessment can be achieved through external (teacher) product evaluation, internal (participant) process evaluation, or a combination of the two. If combination assessment is used, weighting of each element becomes an addressable issue. If a project utilises digital technologies, with a wiki being the predominant output format, the inherent software adds a further dimension to the assessment process. When the project is conducted by English language learners preparing for English-medium undergraduate studies, assessment becomes both linguistic and topic-focused. A limited two-cycle action research study was conducted at an English medium international university to investigate assessment methods utilising external and internal evaluations, on which the design of an assessment framework could be based. Results from this study include a design approach to the allocation of individual grades, with an informed discussion of group assessment, including free-rider issues, co-created assessment, and score weightage.


an equivalence relation only at one stage, namely, when cocycles are identified modulo coboundaries. Actually, we arrived at this definition of HP(X, A) while trying to set up the relative cohomology groups subject to the following two conditions. (i) HP(X, A) should be the cohomology group of a cochain complex associated with the pair (X, A). (ii) The use of the process of identification should be minimized. Condition (i) is motivated by the desire to take advantage of the technical convenience of the general theory of cochain complexes, while condition (ii) is concerned with conceptual simplicity.


The content of the second-stage reformation of the Xiaoshunjiang Pumping Station is introduced.The first-time successful application of the solid soft start to the synchronous electromotor pumping station is emphasized.And the structure, function and characteristics of the new computer monitoring and control system are also described.


of historiography: female voluntary associationalism, the evolution of the liberal project of rule, state formation, and the history of childhood. The book's first chapter provides an interesting history of Hamilton coupled with biographical information about the women behind the LBS/HOA. The next three chapters revolve around the LBS, chronicling the women's efforts to legitimise its work, appeal to public opinion, and negotiate a working relationship with the city council. Chapters 5 through 7 examine the care provided to children by the HOA. Nielson's discussions of the methods of care (institution, adoption, and apprenticeship) are particularly well crafted and begin to uncover nineteenth-century Canadian perspectives on child saving, a topic examined more frequently in the British and Australian contexts or through the lens of child immigration. Although it might have strayed from the focus on the women running LBS/HOA, including the children's perspective or voice would have made an even greater contribution to the study of childhood and added a further dimension to the work. This omission, however, symptomatic of the methodological problems facing historians of childhood, could be the result of a void in the charity's records. Overall, Nielson's well-crafted study provides a unique lens through which to examine gender, the public-private spheres, and politics in nineteenth-century Canada. Claire L. Halstead, University of Western Ontario


In this study, the changes caused by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in the histopathological and biochemical parameters in the oxidant / antioxidant balance in mice with experimental cadmium toxicity were investigated. Plasma paraoxonase (PON) activity, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), total sialic acid (TSA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were analyzed on mice's blood samples. The results showed that cadmium intoxication triggered oxidative stress in the mice. It also lowered their PON activity alongside TAC and HDL levels and increased their TSA, LDL, TOC, and OSI levels. The histopathological examination of the liver tissues revealed focal apoptotic regions, sinusoidal occlusion, and irregularity in the cadmium group and no significant change in the other groups. These results indicated that CAPE can significantly prevent biochemical and histopathological changes due to cadmium damage.


Many future Internet architectures have been proposed to address issues like increasing traffic, mobility, efficient content dissemination and Named Data Networks (NDN) is emerging as one of the fundamental designs. With the ever-growing mobile data traffic, providing user-mobility has become a necessity. While consumer mobility is implicitly handled in NDN, producer mobility is still of one the main challenges. In this paper we propose a hop-count based forwarding strategy to support seamless producer mobility. The key idea of this strategy is: the router makes a decision based on the number of hops traveled by the interest whether to forward the interest using Forwarding Information Base (FIB) entries or broadcast it. The intuition behind this strategy being two-fold: spatial locality of producer and data packets follow the reverse path of interests in NDN. Using simulations, we evaluate the performance of our proposed approach and compare it with Neighbor Aware Interest Forwarding. We demonstrate that our proposed strategy achieves better throughput in terms of number of interests served while reducing the overall traffic generated.


The present invention returns to be applied to a gas vehicle LP eye system improved the shape of the disc so as to reduce noise caused by the chattering of the release occurs during flow of gaseous fuel in a gas-fueled vehicles by compressing the gaseous fuel injected in a liquid state It relates to a valve. The present invention body (B) is formed an inlet passage (B1) in which the fuel flows, the outlet passage on the other side (B2) is a fuel outlet formed at one side; The inlet and the receiving groove (6) formed in the body (B) the outlet channel (B1, B2) and to communicate; Coupled to the inner upper portion of the receiving groove (6) and coupling member (2) formed in the plate portion 22 having a through hole 24 and the pores 25 formed by a number on the outside thereof formed in the inner middle; Is in close contact with the plate portion 22 of the coupling member 2, the disk 4 coupled to seal the pores (25); The support member 7 for supporting the lower center of the disk (4) is formed on the upper surface of the center, to the outside of the support member (7) is plate member (8 a number of leading hole 80 is formed such that fuel is passing ) it is configured to include a. Fuel, return, valve, check, umbrellas, disk


Expectancy, Achievement, and Self-Concept Correlates in Disadvantaged and Advantaged Youths Anthony T. Soares Louise NE. Soares University of Bridgeport In measuring the relationship of aspirational level, academic achievment, and self concept of disadvantaged youths, it was found that disadvantaged boys indicated a higher expectation as to final grades than advantaged boys but lower achievement. They also had a significant discrepancy between expected and actual grades, while advantaged boys were more realistic in terms of aspiration and achievement although significantly lower in self concept.


Models of complex word recognition can be separated into two wide groups:
 symbolic and connectionist. Symbolic models presume the existence of an
 explicit morphological representation of individual words; connectionist
 models do not and consider morphological effects to be a by-product of
 interaction between phonological, orthographic and semantic information.
 This study aimed to test whether there are explicit mental representations
 of inflected lexical units in the mental lexicon. Accordingly, the method of
 inflected suffix morphological and semantic priming of nouns in the Serbian
 language was used. In the morphological priming condition, the prime and the
 target shared the same inflectional suffix. In Experiment 1 overt priming
 was used, while in Experiment 2, masked priming. The results showed no
 significant effects of inflected suffix morphological priming, while
 significant semantic priming effects were recorded. The results obtained in
 this research are in line with predictions of the connectionist models.


In the present work, the low-fluence nonablating femtosecond laser irradiation (λ = 800 nm) of the GeO2 layer with Ge nanoclusters protected by SiO2 layers is studied by different types of microscopy (optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning and transmittance electron microscopy) and Raman spectroscopy. After the laser modification, the multilayer thickness increased by 6%–29% depending on the laser fluence. It was found that the laser fluence of ∼40 mJ/cm2 was the optimal value for observing the swelling effect and was below the ablation threshold. Irradiation at this fluence led the Ge nanoclusters to decrease in size from 5–8 to ∼2 nm and crystallize, while the GeO2 matrix expanded due to the formation of GeO bubbles. The fabrication mechanism of the novel type of nanofoam consisting of a glassy matrix, cavities filled with gas, and semiconductor nanocrystals with reduced size dispersion is discussed. Presumably, this effect is associated with the selective absorption of IR (800 nm) laser radiation by Ge nanoclusters.


This study seeks to analyze Russia's perspectives and policy orientations on the North Korea nuclear problem in comparison to China's stance on the matter. The article argues that Russia regards North Korea's nuclear program as a very complex one ? but also as a chance as well as a challenge. Firstl...


Raft protocol requires 2F + 1 nodes to tolerate the F nodes failure. The leader needs to replicates complete log entries to F followers. As the number of nodes increases, the leader will generate a communication bottleneck, resulting in a decrease in log replication efficiency. In this paper, Raft protocol and Redundant Residue Number System are combined to change the way that Raft protocol replicates log entries. The leader replicates the log fragments encoded by the Redundant Residue Number System to followers. This method not only ensures the fault tolerance of Raft protocol, but also reduces the leader bandwidth consumption and the log entries storage overhead. The experiment shows that improved adRaft protocol based on Raft protocol reduces the leader bandwidth consumption by 23.39%, and the log entries storage overhead is reduced by 35.67%. Replicating the same number of log entries also takes 32.43% less time than the original Raft protocol. As more log fragments are generated by a log entry, the leader bandwidth consumption and log storage overhead decrease.


The impedance strip is very meaningful for the radar cross section reduction (RCSR). Based on the analysis of it with Method of Moment (MoM), the impedance strip is optimized using the Genetic Algorithm (GA), to find the best solution to RCSR. The work is useful to the design of radar absorbing materials (RAM).


In this paper we explore notions of traversability for hopping rovers on small solar system bodies, such as asteroids and comets, with a focus on developing actionable tools for mission planning. We start with a discussion of hopping dynamics and the inherent differences between notions of "traversability" for hopping and traditional wheeled rovers. We then discuss various map-based tools for understanding the surface gravity environment and propose an algorithm that partitions the surface into locally traversable regions. Finally, we leverage dynamic simulations to estimate k-hop backwards reachable sets—that is the surface regions from which a particular point can be reached within k hops. A case study of comet 67P demonstrates that even extremely irregular bodies may be largely traversable with an appropriate hopper design.


Every year, natural disasters take a great toll on the economy and infrastructure of the United States. When specifically considering the insured property losses of U.S. natural disasters, seven out of ten highest natural disasters are caused by a hurricane event. Hurricane seasons have increased in activity over the past few years, with the 2005 Atlantic storm season seeing 14 hurricanes, 7 of which were major hurricanes. This thesis focuses on an analysis performed under the winds of Hurricane Katrina on an instrumented roof structure of a house built in Pensacola, Florida. The data recorded is compared to results obtained from a theoretical finite element (FE) model as well as those stipulated from a design standard. The instrumented test structure was a low-rise residential house with 76 pressure cells attached to the hip roof sheathing and 68 load cells placed between the rafters/trusses and the top of the wall. A wind anemometer was located near the test structure to record the wind's angle of attack and speeds during a hurricane event. Although Hurricane Katrina data is the focus of this report, the test structure, which was built in 2002, has experienced several other hurricanes. Data recorded during Hurricane Katrina data was chosen to be analyzed and compared against the FE analysis results as this storm event produced one of the highest peak wind speed of 56.2 mph. The results from the FE model was compared to Hurricane Katrina field data by performing a gravity analysis, analyzing equivalent loads from three wind speeds, and comparing the field data to the requirements of ASCE 7-02 Standard. The gravity analysis was important to verify that the assumptions used in the FE model were satisfactory and


Summary Cadmium, administered subcutaneously to adult CD-1 mice, causes acute destruction of the testis in doses (0.012 mmole/kg) which cause no apparent damage to other organs. This effect can be prevented by administration of sufficient selenium (0.024 mmole/kg), zinc (0.15 mmole/kg), cobalt (0.108 mmole/kg), BAL (0.75 mmole/kg), or cysteine (6 mmole/kg). Selenium (0.072 mmole/kg) also blocks the lethal effects of much larger doses of cadmium (0.076-0.133 mmole/kg but does not protect against mortality from mercury (0.09 mmole/kg), zinc (6 mmole/kg) or cobalt 1.5 mmole/kg). Not all agents which block cadmium-induced injury to the testis are effective in preventing mortality from cadmium. Whereas zinc and BAL (in the protective doses cited above) are good antagonists against lethal doses of cadmium, cobalt is not and cysteine markedly enhances the toxicity of cadmium. Considering the ratio of protective agent to cadmium which is needed, selenium, zinc, and BAL are relatively more efficient in protecting against lethality than in preventing testicular injury from cadmium. These studies illustrate that the organ most vulnerable to injury from cadmium, the testis, is the most resistant to protection.


1 Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia 2 Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 3 Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 4 Mineral Resources Authority of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 5 Mongolia Technical University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 6 Korean Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Taejon, Republic of Korea 7 U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA 8 Geological Survey of Japan/AIST, Tsukuba, Japan 9 Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia 10 Jilin University, Changchun, China 11 Irkutsk State Technical University, Irkutsk, Russia


The article presents data on changes in enzyme activity of antiradical defense (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase) and accumulation of oxidative modifications in blood and oral fluid in people (n=105) with secondary lack of teeth and in people (n=50) with comorbid somatic pathology. Found that the most pronounced abnormalities in the prooxidant-antioxidant system observed in patients with type 2 diabetes, in which decreased activity of all enzymes in the local and systemic level, as well as the most significant increase of oxidative modification in the blood (by 181.6%) and oral fluid (by 257.7%). Results of the study show that the oral cavity are autonomous mechanisms that regulate the activity of the enzyme level of the antioxidant system, which is accompanied by an adaptive increase in activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase in the oral fluid in chronic generalized periodontitis.


Abstract Background Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is the most common cause of infectious encephalitis following hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a novel cancer-directed immunotherapy; chemotherapy conditioning for CAR-T results in prolonged, severe immunosuppression. HHV-6 encephalitis has not been reported in patients after CAR-T therapy. Methods We report 2 cases of HHV-6 encephalitis after CAR-T therapy. Results Case 1: A 69 year old man underwent CAR-T therapy after fludarabine/cyclophosphamide (Flu/Cy) conditioning for relapsed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). His course was complicated by cytokine release syndrome (CRS) requiring tocilizumab and neurotoxicity requiring high dose dexamethasone. On day 29 he was febrile to 39.3℃, confused, and had difficulty speaking. Mental status (MS) worsened, so LP and MRI of the brain were performed. HHV-6 CSF PCR was positive, and ganciclovir (GCV) was started. He improved gradually over 10 days. At follow up, he reported mild short term memory difficulty but no focal deficits. Case 2: A 57 year old man underwent CAR-T therapy after Flu/Cy conditioning for refractory DLBCL. His course was complicated by CRS requiring tocilizumab. On day 6, he had difficulty concentrating, slowed thinking, stuttering and repetitive speech. MS continued to worsen, and dexamethasone and siltuximab were given for CAR-T neurotoxicity. After 1 week he was following commands. By week 3 he remained intermittently confused and agitated, so MRI and LP were performed. HHV-6 PCR was positive in the CSF. He was started on GCV and improved gradually over the next 2 weeks but remained dysarthric with slowed speech. On day 55, HHV-6 remained detectable in CSF but not quantifiable and GCV was discontinued despite persistent cognitive deficits. Table 1: Demographics and clinical characteristics of 2 patients with HHV-6 encephalitis following CAR-T therapy Conclusion Diagnosing HHV-6 encephalitis can be challenging after CAR-T therapy because altered MS is often attributed to CAR-T associated neurotoxicity. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion for infectious causes of altered MS after CAR-T therapy, including HHV-6 encephalitis, especially in patients treated with further immunosuppression for CRS and CAR-T related neurotoxicity. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


By comprehensively determining the lattice parameter, XPS, Mssbauer spectrum, relationship between the resistance and the temperature, oxygen content and the thermal decomposition temperature of the samples of YBa_2Cu_(3-x)Sn_xO_(7+y) system, it is discovered that Sn occupies the site of Cuin the form of Sn~(4+) oxidation state. The change of crystalline structure as well as T_c are very little for x0.4. The oxygen content of the samples is increased by the substitution of Sn for Cu, which influences the valence of Cu obviously, and makes the Cu be in the Cu~(3+) state. The experimental results give some important information on understanding the origin of superconductivity from the structure, oxygen deficiency, and electronic state. From analysis, it is suggested that the coupling strength between metals and oxygen determines the superconductivity.


The aim of this study was to design a procedure for the storage of raw materials, supplies and finished products for the tanning of a municipality of Valle del Cauca link. The research approach is quantitative descriptive and explanatory type. The methodology used was based on the making of a diagnostic of the activities of storage of raw materials, supplies and finished goods through a checklist adapted from different authors. Subsequently, it was designed a procedure in accordance with the provisions of Act 9 of 1979 and Act 55 of 1993 and other applicable regulations, all this considering the rules NTC 1931, NTC 2885, NTC 1692, NTC 4435. The action plan will allow the socialization of the proposed undertakings in the tanning process link.


The invention relates to a spherical plain bearing (1), in particular for a chassis of a commercial vehicle, with a joint socket (2) as the elastomer metal part, consisting of an inner metal part (3) as first bearing part on which is a circumferential elastomeric layer (4) fixedly attached adhesive, and with a receiving eye (6) as a second bearing part, in which the joint socket (2) is pressed with radial prestress in the elastomer layer (4). According to the invention, the elastomer layer (4) of the peripheral region at least in partial regions of the two opposite end portions of the inner metal part (3) with the formation of elastomer Axialstutzelementen (12, 12 ') by radially guided inside. Between the receiving eye (6) and the elastomer layer (4) is inserted, an outer pipe part (5) having at both end sides of at least one radially inwardly directed Abstutzwange (14, 14 ') projecting from axially outside an associated elastomer Axialstutzelement (12 , 12 ') engages in a plant compound. For a spherical plain bearings with high axial spring constant is created.


In order to improve the construction pricing system,the principle of "quantity-cost separation"should be abide by,so as to use the investment in a reasonable way and reach the optimum benefit.


Providing a composition comprising a whole processing fruits and emu oil. The compositions take the form for topical application or oral to human skin.


We report a study on the thermal conductivity of CuFe$_{1-x}$Ga$_x$O$_2$ ($x =$ 0--0.12) single crystals at temperatures down to 0.3 K and in magnetic fields up to 14 T. CuFeO$_2$ is a well-known geometrically frustrated triangular lattice antiferromagnet and can be made to display multiferroicity either by applying magnetic field along the $c$ axis or by doping nonmagnetic impurities, accompanied with rich behaviors of magnetic phase transitions. The main experimental findings of this work are: (i) the thermal conductivities ($\kappa_a$ and $\kappa_c$) show drastic anomalies at temperature- or field-induced magnetic transitions; (ii) the low-$T$ $\kappa(H)$ isotherms exhibit irreversibility in a broad region of magnetic fields; (iii) there are phonon scattering effect caused by magnetic fluctuations at very low temperatures. These results demonstrate strong spin-phonon coupling in this material and reveal the non-negligible magnetic fluctuations in the "ground state" of pure and Ga-doped samples.


Career choice has become a complex task today as one not only has to undertake career planning but also has to do exhaustive career research before making a career choice based on evolving social-economic conditions. The study therefore investigated parental influence on choice of career among secondary students in the Ilorin Metropolis. The relative influence of variables such as parents' level of education, parents' occupation and family types were examined. A descriptive survey design approach was employed for the study. The population for the study comprised all students of secondary schools in the Ilorin Metropolis. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 200 respondents who participated in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire entitled "Parental influence on choice of career among secondary school students in Ilorin Metropolis". Content validity of the instrument was established and the reliability coefficient of 0.68 was obtained to ensure consistency of the instrument. Data analysis was done using percentage and frequency, mean and rank order analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA); all hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of the study revealed that parents' encouragement to students on making good career decisions, parents informing students about specific careers, and parents' encouragement to students on considering different education and career options were significant influences of parents' choice of career among secondary students in the Ilorin Metropolis. The research hypotheses tested revealed that there were no significant differences in the parental influence on choice of career among secondary school students in Ilorin Metropolis based on parents' level of education, occupation and family type. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that school guidance counsellors should organize a meaningful career program that will help to educate both parents and students on the concept of career choice.


Various Markov chains on hypercubes ℒ ***image*** are considered and their spectral representations are presentend in terms of Kronecker products. Special attention is given to random walks on the graphs 𝒮(l = 1,n − 2), where the vertex set is ℒ **image** and two vertices are connected if and only if their Hamming distance is at most l. It is shown that λ(𝒮1)>λ(𝒮1)>λ(𝒮n−1)>λ(𝒮n),l=2,…,n−2, where λ (𝒮I) is the specturum of the random walk on 𝒮I, and > denotes the majorization ordering. A similar majorization relation is established for graphs V1 where two veritces are connected if and only if their Hamming distance is exactly l. Some applications to mean times of these random walks are given. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. © 1993 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Cricket fast bowlers are having reduced glenohumeral joint Proprioception or joint
position sense because of fatigue injuries. Proprioceptive training improves the joint position
sense and there by reduces the risk of shoulder joint injuries. The aim of this study is to compare
the effect of closed kinematic chain exercises with open kinematic chain exercises in improving
the glenohumeral joint position sense in male cricket fast bowlers. An effort was put in this study to find out the effect of closed kinematic chain exercises
with open kinematic chain exercises in improving glenohumeral joint position sense. Subjects
were intercollegiate cricket fast bowlers referred by the coaches of their respective colleges.
Forty five subjects were taken for the study and allotted into three groups. The three groups are
closed kinematic chain exercise group, open kinematic chain exercise group and the control
group. All the subjects were screened for any contraindications. The outcome measure taken for
the study is Glenohumeral joint position sense. The different criterion positions assessed were
15, 30 and 45 degrees of internal rotation and 15, 30and 45 degrees of external rotation.
The outcomes of the study were taken on the first day and after six weeks. The treatment
was given for five days a week for a total of six weeks. Subjects are advised not to indulge in
other activities other than the given exercise protocol. The joint position sense assessment was
done by the inclinometer. The statistical analysis was done using paired 't' test at 5% level of
significance and one way ANOVA. The result shows that there was a significant difference
between the experimental and control groups.


An anal ysis i s made of the performa nce to be expected from a shock tube in which the driver gas is heated by isentropic compression with a free piston. It is found that high shock Mach numbers can be produced, and this is borne out by experiments . Consideration is also given to the use of this technique ta heat driver gas for use in "tailored interface " operation of a shock tunnel, and it is found that the driver gas pressure can be maintained suitably constant for periods of time expected to be of practical use .


In order to overcome the high misstatement rate and false positive rate brought by the traditional anomaly detection technologies on power distribution and consumption load data, in this paper, a novel momentum adaptive neural learning-based anomaly detection method for power distribution and consumption load data is proposed by adding momentum adaptive mechanism into the error back propagation (BP) model. In the proposed algorithm, according to the gradient changes of experience generalization error in the anomaly detection process, the momentum factor is adjusted in the BP algorithm to avoid the training results of neural network learning converges to a local minimum value. The contrastive simulation experiments on real-time database of power distribution and consumption load data demonstrate that, our proposed method holds better performances on accuracy, misstatement rate and false positive rate, compared with other traditional algorithms.


Particle settlement and pressure drop in a gas–solid two-phase flow in a pipe with a circular cross-section are studied at mixture inlet velocities (V) ranging from 1 m/s to 30 m/s, particle volume concentrations (αs) ranging from 1% to 20%, particle mass flows (ms) ranging from 5 t/h to 25 t/h, and particle diameters (dp) ranging from 50 μm to 1000 μm. The momentum equations are based on a two-fluid model and are solved numerically. Some results are validated through comparison with the experimental results. The results showed that the gas and particle velocity distributions are asymmetrical around the center of the pipe and that the maximum velocity point moves up. The distance between the radial position of the maximum velocity and the center line for the gas is larger than that for the particles. The particle motion lags behind that of the gas flow. The particle settlement phenomenon is more serious, and the particle distribution on the cross-section is more inhomogeneous as the V, αs, and ms decrease and as dp increases. It can be divided into three areas according to the pressure changes along the flow direction, and the distinction between the three areas is more obvious as the αs increases. The pressure drop per unit length increases as the V, αs and ms increases and as dp decreases, Finally, the expressions of the settlement index and pressure drop per unit length as functions of V, αs, ms, and dp are derived based on the numerical data.


FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: abrasive article is in the form of sheet. Located on its working surface is multiplicity of abrasive composite pieces which are precision in shape, but not all precision shapes are similar. Described in invention are method and working tool for manufacture of abrasive article. Abrasive tool is intended for finishing treatment of products with high productive capacity and relatively high cleanliness of treated surface without leaving any marks or scratches on treated surface. Due to different dimensions of adjacent composite pieces of precision shape, stopped and/or prevented is occurrence of vibration resonance. This adds to higher productive capacity and to higher cleanliness of worked surface. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 19 cl, 8 dwg, 2 ex, 1 tbl


The impact of noise in the pump profile of distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) for extended bandwidth transmissions is investigated. Specifically, a continuous pump generated by a shaped amplified spontaneous emission signal is employed to fit the DRA gain profile to a predefined target. The analysis is performed by comparing the power profiles obtained by the artificial neural networks (ANN) and by conventional numerical models for the Raman amplification process, resulting in errors below 0.5 dB.


Objectives Shuanghuanglian injection (SHLI) is a typical Chinese herbal injection which has been used for more than 20 years. This study aims to investigate the compatibility of SHLI with western intravenous agents.


This study aims to understand if women academics in Turkey experience their double shift as a role conflict or role expansion. Previous studies on women academics in Turkey generally found that most of them experience their double shift as a role conflict. This study is a qualitative research made with 14 women academics. The findings suggest that they experience role conflict and role expansion simultaneously during their double shift. The present study supports previous international and national research suggesting that women academics' role conflict is accompanied by their role expansion and thus breaks the old role conflict role expansion dichotomy. Moreover, according to this research, voluntariness in acquiring new roles might be significant when it comes to explain how women academics in Turkey interpret their double shift as a role expansion.


Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), such as phthalates and brominated flame retardants, is a kind of emerged pollutants due to wide application in indoor environment. Certain indoor SVOCs have been found to be associated with various adverse health effects, attracting large attentions of researchers. Due to relatively low vapor pressure, SVOCs are easily adsorbed on various surfaces including particles. Therefore, airborne SVOCs are always simultaneously presented in the gas-phase and particle-phase. Ventilation is an important means to improve indoor air quality. Different forms of indoor air distribution will affect the distribution of indoor pollutants and further affect the exposure to the human body. Therefore, in this paper, we selected Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as the target compound and employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique to simulate the emission of DEHP and the concentration distribution with different phases in a modeled room. Euler-Lagarian model is applied to simulate flow field, particle tracks and UDF (user defined function) was implemented to describe the dynamic adsorption of DEHP by the suspended particles. Furthermore, the effect of location of vent and airflow rate on indoor fate of DEHP were discussed and the effect of particle age on indoor fate of DEHP was also investigated.


The mummy of a seven-year-old child that was discovered in 1985 in Cerro Aconcagua (Mendoza, Argentina) was likely part of an Inka sacrificial religious practice known as capacocha. Previous uniparental DNA marker studies conducted by some scholars have suggested that the mummified child may be related to the southern Andean population of Peru. However, autosome genome-wide analysis performed by others has indicated that the child was more closely related to the population along the northern Peruvian coast than to that of the southern Andes. In this study, we aimed to determine possible genealogical connections in the male lineage of the mummified child. To achieve this, we compared the genetic profile of the mummy with an extensive database of contemporary individuals from the northern Peruvian coastal and southern Andean regions. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms and short tandem repeats from the nonrecombining region of the Y-chromosome for our analysis. Our results confirmed that the Inka child mummy was closely related to individuals from the north coast of Peru. This suggests that the child was likely descended from the Muchik–Chimor-speaking people.


A novel, compact and ultra-thin monopole antenna for wireless operations in the Next-Generation laptop computer is developed. The antenna is only 0.2mm thick and has dimesnions of 20 × 6mm2. The simple structure of the proposed antenna consists of two monopole radiating strips namely PS and ST and an open ended rectangular tuning stub QR of length 9mm. This structure generates two resonating modes at 3.45GHz and 5.5GHz and achieves the measured -10dB impedance bandwidth as 19.71% (3.20-3.90)GHz in lower band (Fl) and 16.17% (5.00-5.88)GHz in the upper band (Fu). The measured radiation performance including, nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns, a stable gain of around 5.2dBi and excellent efficiency around 86-92% in both operating bands have been achieved.


We propose and describe a working program to assist in the overall management of the information resources of an organization. Such a module would be the "brain" of an enterprise information system. It would possess an understanding of all the digitally stored information of the organization, and it would act as a monitor, watching over and supervising the enterprise information system. The program we describe is based on strong theoretical foundations of recent work in the logic programming community. In addition to possessing the many desirable characteristics of logic programs (such as pattern matching, dealing with uncertain and incomplete data, separation of knowledge and control, etc.), the program is novel. It can maintain multiple views of the word simultaneously, it can reason with respect to time, and it can introspect with respect to its beliefs. Further, given adequate definitions of what are abnormal relationships among various components of an enterprise information system, this module can detect problems within and between such systems.


Background:
 Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder which is characterized by an abnormally low body weight (BMI<18.5), a distorted perception of weight and an intense fear of gaining weight. It is prevalent in about 0.3 to 1% of the US population. Diverse cardiovascular complications are noted in these patients including decreased cardiac output, left ventricular mass and dimensions; pericardial effusion, bradycardia, hypotension and prolonged QT interval. We report a patient presenting with recurrent chest pain, and was diagnosed to have pericardial effusion secondary to AN.

 Case Presentation:
 A 27-year-old female with history of iron deficiency anemia, benign ethnic neutropenia, anorexia nervosa and borderline personality disorder, presented with insidious onset of atypical chest pain in the substernal region. Her BMI at presentation was 18.4, vital signs and systemic examination were normal. EKG showed a prolonged QT interval. She was noted to have normal blood cell counts, metabolic parameters and cardiac enzymes. A limited bedside echocardiography was normal except for the presence of mild pericardial effusion. She was treated with anti-inflammatory agents and discharged. A week later she presented with similar complaints.

 Management:
 Repeat cell counts were normal. Electrolytes revealed mild hypokalemia. Her CXR showed evidence of microcardia with a pulmonary artery diameter of 0.40. A repeat echocardiogram showed persistence of mild to moderate pericardial effusion. Etiological evaluation was negative for infections, autoimmune markers, and thyroid abnormalities. There was no evidence of ischemia and no rhythm abnormality. Her symptoms improved with analgesics and reassurance.

 Conclusion:
 Eating disorders like AN, have protean cardiovascular manifestations. Atypical chest pain in patients with AN is mostly idiopathic (38%) in the absence of risk factors. Silent pericardial effusion is found in about 22% to 71% of patients with AN. In these patients, factors like low BMI, rapid weight loss, low T3 levels, and IGF-1 levels correlate with pericardial effusion. Most patients show resolution of the effusion, normal cardiac dimensions and QT interval, after weight restoration without further intervention necessary.


Abstract In this article we present an overview and summarize trends in automotive gearboxes of standard powertrains. The majority of data used in the statistics are obtained from Catalogue de la Revue Automobile published in years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2012 and 2015. Observed statistical data gives overview about trends in technical parameter of automotive transmissions. Only "standard powertrains", where the only energy source is the internal combustion engines are taken into account. The hybridization or electrification of powertrains was not an issue on the beginning of the study.


SUBTITLE: A CLOSER LOOK AT WHAT SOME OF THE WORLD'S OLDEST LOGISTICS HUBS REVEALS THEIR EVOLUTION INTO SOPHISTICATED CENTER OF INTERMODAL SYNCHRONIZATION.


The following nucleoside diphosphate monosaccharides (sugar nucleotides) were identified by HPLC from Pterocladia capillacea Born and Thur.: ADP‐glucose, UDP‐glucose, UDP‐d‐galactose, and GDP‐glucose + mannose. GDP‐l‐galactose was not identified due to the lack of a standard. Several extraction methods were evaluated for their efficacy. A freeze/ thaw (liquid N2) step fallowed by formic acid (1 M) extraction, reduced pressure evaporation, and solubilization in water was the preferred method. Differences in media nitrate that resulted in different tissue‐N levels (1.8, 2.3, and 3.5% dry wt) and agar yields (34, 31, and 28% dry wt, respectively) also resulted in a marked difference in UDP‐d‐galactose and ADP‐glucose tissue levels (decrease with increasing tissue‐N) while the levels of the other sugar nucleotide agar precursors remained unchanged. Activities of UDP‐glucose, GDP‐glucose, and GDP‐mannose pyrophosphorylases, and UDP‐D‐glucose‐4‐epimerase were detected in cell‐free extracts using unlabeled and 14C‐labeled substrates. This study‐strongly supports the proposition that the d‐galactose component of agar is synthesized via G‐1‐P → UDP‐glucose→ UDP‐d‐galactose and that, the l‐galactoae component is produced via mannose‐1‐P → GDP‐mannose → GDP‐l‐galactose.


To Be a Worker: Identity and Politics in Peru is about the struggle of the Peruvian working class during the 1970s and 1980s. During the 1970s—under the regime of General Juan Velazco Alvarado and General Francisco Morales Bermúdez—and during the 1980s—under presidents Fernando Belaunde Terry and Alan García—a number of labor rights were granted in Peru. However, during the 1990s—with Alberto Fujimori's democratic and later dictatorial government—labor rights almost disappeared completely and the overall situation of the Peruvian working-class decayed drastically. In this book, Parodi's primary concerns are workers' daily lives and their role in Peruvian politics. Consequently throughout the book he analyzes the origin of their social identity, their relation to income and to the unions. His principal case of study is Metallurgical workers.


s An informed consent is a document signed by the patient or the patient's legal guardian(s) that signifies the acceptance that the patient will undertake a specific medical treatment suggested and explained by the health care provider(s). Recently, there have been an increasing number of circumstances where obtaining an informed consent is mandatory. However, a standard form and required content of the informed consent, as well as laws, regulations, and analyses regarding the concept of informed consent are not available. This article introduces an observation of the legal force of informed consent forms that are used in practice, and of the legal issues in connection with them.


Background and Aim The aim of this study was the evaluation of the results of photorefractive keratectomy in myopia Correction. Materials and Methods The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 74 patients,18 to 51 years old, who were undergoing Photorefractive keratectomy using Wave front-optimized surgery plan via Allegreto Wave Eye-Q in Markazi clinic. All of the surgical procedures were performed by one surgeon. After 5 years, follow-up visits were paid performing eye examination including BCVA, UCVA, Refractive error measurement, and external eye examination. Result The mean diopter of spherical equivalent before the surgery was -3.40±1.73.The following findings were obtained in follow-up visits after 5 years: The mean equivalent sphere value: -0.08±0/40, the mean logUCVA: 0.02±0.076, and the mean logBCVA: 0.00±0.044. Conclusion Photorefractive keratectomy by Mitomicyne C and Allegreto Wave Eye-Q is a safe procedure to correct myopia and other factors, including gender, age, and the presence of astigmatism before surgery, have little if any effect on the results.


Collaborative filtering recommender systems have become important tools of making personalized recommendations for products or services during a live interaction nowadays. However, there are still some drawbacks and challenges for CF based recommender system such as prediction accuracy, scalability and sparsity. This paper points out that from a certain angle, the predictions these systems produce are not really personalized ones which lead to the above problems. After the analysis of the traditional collaborative filtering algorithm, the authors then proposes a new personalized recommender algorithm based on traditional CF algorithm to improve the recommender system. At last the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed novel algorithm is proved by four experiments using both cosine correlation similarity and Pearson correlation similarity in this paper


We demonstrate nanometer-level localization accuracy of a single fluorescent emitter in three dimensions. Our super resolution microscopy technique is based on spectral self-interference for axial localization and two-dimensional diffraction pattern analysis for lateral localization.


In this paper,the application of PLC in the automatic chlorination control system in the technology of water purification process is introduced.And the system structure and control principle is detailed.


The aggregated reverse kNN (ARkNN) query aims to identify one query record with the maximum influence set and has become a powerful tool to support optimal decision-making in crowdsensing. Considering data privacy and query privacy, ARkNN queries should be performed in a private manner. Unfortunately, existing schemes cannot support privacy-preserving ARkNN queries over crowd-sensed data. To address this issue, we propose two efficient and privacy-preserving ARkNN query schemes with different security levels, named the BARQ scheme and the EARQ scheme, where the former can only protect data privacy while the latter can protect both data privacy and query privacy. Specifically, we first formalize the models of privacy-preserving ARkNN queries and propose our BARQ scheme based on a random response (RR) frequency oracle. Then, we design a privacy-preserving hardware-assisted reverse kNN query determination (PRkD) scheme for privately determining whether a query record is among the RkNN of a data record. After that, we present our EARQ scheme by leveraging the PRkD scheme to protect query privacy and integrating the RR frequency oracle to protect data privacy. In addition, our rigorous security analysis demonstrates that the BARQ scheme can well protect data privacy, and the EARQ scheme can protect both data privacy and query privacy. Extensive experimental results illustrate that they have high accuracy in query results and are efficient in computational costs and communication overheads.


Lobular panniculitis is a skin condition that may be the first sign of underlying pancreatic disease. Though rare, the condition has been sufficiently well defined and pathognomonic, thus making differentiation from idiopathic lobular panniculitis quite possible. A 77-year-old woman was in apparently good general health condition when developed skin lesions in a form of erythematous painful fluctuant nodules localized predominantly on the breast, but also present on the arms, thighs, and trunk. Her serum and urinary amylase levels were respectively 3 and 8 fold higher than normal. On histology, skin biopsy showed acute lobular panniculitis with large foci of adipocyte necrosis. Examination of the breast excluded any specific process other than nodular subcutaneous inflammation, but revealed a tumor of the pancreatic head. The nodules spontaneously ulcerated exuding an oily thick brownish material. Her condition deteriorated, and she became progressively debilitated. The patient died before operation, within the next 3 weeks. Subcutaneous fat necrosis was the first manifestation of an otherwise occult pancreatic disease with fatal outcome.


Nd2Ti2SiO9 ceramics with low-firing temperature by BaCu (B2O5) addition were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction route and the sintering behavior, phase purity, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. The XRD analysis results show a single phase Nd2Ti2SiO9 is formed and no secondary phase is found. Addition of BaCu (B2O5) can effectively lower the firing temperature by about 150 °C. The Nd2Ti2SiO9 ceramics with 4wt% BaCu (B2O5) sintered at 1150 °C exhibit good microwave dielectric properties with a permittivity of 28.8, a Q×f value of 16110 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of-12.3 ppm /°C, which is suitable for microwave communication applications.


Like many Arab countries, Syria had to face a massive popular revolt in 2011 that was transformed into an extremely violent civil war, the outcome of which remains uncertain. A collapse of the regime in place could deprive Russia of its main ally in the Arab world, which has been an unwavering support for years with the official justification of the struggle against radical Islam, but above all a will to influence relations between forces and to impose a new multilateralism by resuming its place in a region that can not be ignored on the global geopolitical scene.


In order to collect the experimental data for industrial production,the study on preparation of acrylic resin emulsion for waterborne was carried out.The pre-emulsification technique was adopted in this experiment,the effects of ratio of monomer,selection and amount of initiator and selection and amount of emulsifier on polymerization technique and performance of emulsion were researched.The optimal conditions for reaction were as follow:the initiator was ammonium persulphate with sodium pyrophosphate system,and its amount was as 0.4%~0.5% as the amount of monomer;the emulsifier was a composite of nonionic surfactant(TX-10) and mixed anionic surfactant,and its proper amount was as 4.0%~5.0% as the amount of monomer;the reaction temperature was 85~90℃;the time for adding monomer pre-emulsion was about 3 hours.The cover ability and film forming ability of this acrylic resin emulsion prepared under these conditions could reach the level as the products imported,and meet the requirement of waterborne ink production.


T papers in this symposium (Tabata, 2012; Marukawa, 2012; Sato, 2012) explore the past, present, and prospective future trajectory of Japan's economic links with three giant partners: China, Russia, and India. In addition to describing and analyzing Japan's economic relations with three major economies, each author contributes to the ongoing efforts to understand a major economic event of the past two decades: Japan's descent from high-flying growth into a puzzling and unique pattern of near-stagnation—a sort of high-level equilibrium trap that combines enviable levels of household income and material welfare with persistently low growth. Japan's protracted economic muddle reflects a confluence of politics and economics. That country's governing elites, seemingly intent on factional rivalries and short-term political gain, have recorded few accomplishments in responding to the nation's formidable difficulties. While any regime presents an amalgam of efforts to pursue the public good along with satisfying the private interests of ruling elites, multiple scandals surrounding the Kobe earthquake, tainted blood supplies, high-level slush funds, and, most recently, mismanagement and cover-up surrounding the Fukushima nuclear disaster, contribute to a picture of Japanese public administration as lurching toward the private, self-dealing end of this spectrum. The genesis and evolution of such movements seem worthy of attention, and not only in Japan. Domestic policies in all three of the countries examined in these essays often seem more oriented toward enriching insiders than generating public benefits. National-level politics in the United States, another large Japanese economic partner, smacks of the same short-term and short-sighted feuding that has hamstrung the Japanese Diet for many years. On the economic side, much of the current malaise reflects major shocks that have shaken the foundations of Japan's long-standing economic dynamism, though not its prosperity. With little in the way of domestic production of fuel, raw materials, or timber, Japan is more dependent than other major industrial nations on imports of these commodities. This was once an advantage: a Japanese steel executive attributed his firm's competitive advantage over U.S. rivals by contrasting American reliance on domestic resources with his firm's search for "the best in the world."2 Beginning with the 1973 oil crisis, the "rising energy and raw material prices" noted by Shinichiro Tabata (2012, p. 428) turned Japan's near-complete dependence on imports of these products into a source of painful costs. China's explosive growth, which, as Tomoo Marukawa (2012) observes, has rocketed China's GDP from a mere 10 percent of Japan's total in 1993 to more than 10 percent above Japanese aggregate output less than two decades later, has massively shaken Japan's economy. This is not to say that the impact is, on balance, negative. To the contrary, Marukawa


Three common criticisms of management science are highlighted: first, the tendency of researchers to subjectively bias substantive approaches, methodologies and research findings; second, the failure to establish within the discipline a core of consensually validated knowledge or commonly accepted body of truth about the nature of management; and three, the inability of management theory to provide tools and techniques of greater pragmatic relevance to corporate decision‐makers. Though a basis for these characterizations of management science is confirmed, their significance is reinterpreted. Instead of being regarded as pathologies, they are viewed as inevitable, and not necessarily dysfunctional, concomitants of the emergence and development of management science as a field of intellectual activity possessing reality and significance in its own right.


Real-time crowd simulation is a challenging task that demands a careful consideration of the classic trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. Existing particle-based methods have seen success in simulating crowd scenarios for various applications in the architecture, military, urban planning, robotics, and entertainment (film and gaming) industries. In this paper we focus on local dynamics and present an area-based penalty force that captures the infringement of each entity's personal space. This method does not necessitate a costly nearest-neighbor search and allows for an inherently data-parallel implementation that is capable of simulating thousands of entities at interactive frame-rates. The algorithm successfully reproduces personal space compression around motion barriers for moving crowds and around points of interest for static crowds.


A rising demand for women's equality took shape in the middle of the nineteenth century and continues as a transformative force today. Early on, American feminists mobilized energetically to abolish outright discrimination that legally subordinated women to men and made a mockery of the nation's claim to be a community of equals.' Women rebelled particularly against their exclusion from the central mechanism of self-governance in a democracy: the right to vote. After winning a series of victories in the states, the suffrage campaign achieved its final success when the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1920. Over time the right to vote became a reality for all women, as poll taxes and other racial restrictions were eliminated, and today women exercise the franchise on an equal footing with men. But in the years since women won the vote, Americans seem to have lost track of the revolutionary potential suffrage held for those who labored long, hard years for its enactment. The struggle for women's legal rights has continued almost unabated through the decades since the suffrage victory, but rarely, if ever, has the monumental achievement of the Nineteenth Amendment been cited as a constitutional support for women's claim to full equality. The goal of this Note is to resurrect the broader purposes of the heroic suffrage campaign by arguing that the Nineteenth Amendment can and should be recognized as an affirmation of women's constitutional equality. My project is necessarily limited to making a provocative suggestion rather than establishing a constitutional fact. Full exploration of the themes exposed here will require sustained scholarly attention to the rich historical record of the campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment and the state suffrage enactments that preceded it, and a willingness to interpret that record in light of today's deeper understanding of the dynamics and persistence of gender hierarchy. Contemporary feminists often try to fit women's interests into a constitutional


The microstrip antenna is one of the most preferable for small portable digital cordless telephones, especially when a built-in antenna is required. Most portable cordless telephones require the antenna to have an impedance bandwidth of at least, 3 or 4 % at 900 MHz. A very compact wide band microstrip antenna is presented where both the driven and the parasitic elements are partially shorted double C-patches on a very small ground plane.


We investigated the cardiac autonomic tone and left ventricle function (LVF) in heart failure rats subjected to pyridostigmine (PYR) to increase acetylcholine availability. Male rats had the left coronary artery ligated (HF) or were sham‐operated (SHAM) and received osmotic pumps to deliver PYR (700 μg/day) or saline for 12 days. Three days before the experiment, rats were implanted with femoral artery and vein catheters and the cardiac autonomic tone was evaluated by atropine and propranolol. LVF was evaluated through Millar and echocardiographic recordings. PYR decreased basal heart rate (HR) in SHAM (313 ± 1 vs 290 ± 4 bpm) and HF rats (366 ± 7 vs 307 ± 5 bpm) and increased the tachycardia elicited by atropine in SHAM (101 ± 1 vs 139 ± 6 bpm) and HF rats (19 ± 1 vs 82 ± 5 bpm). HF rats receiving saline showed higher basal HR (313 ± 1 vs 366 ± 7 bpm), reduced tachycardia elicited by atropine (101 ± 1 vs 19 ± 1 bpm) and greater bradycardia elicited by propranolol (2 ± 1 vs 25 ± 6 bpm). PYR did not change +dP/dt, −dP/dt and ejection fraction (EF) in SHAM or HF rats. Nevertheless, HF rats receiving saline showed decreased +dP/dt (8708 ± 301 vs 5764 ± 206 mmHg/s), −dP/dt (10498 ± 398 vs 4007 ± 206 mmHg/s) and EF (69 vs 38 %) as compared to SHAM rats. In conclusion, increased acetylcholine availability prevented cardiac autonomic dysfunction and tachycardia observed in the early stages of HF in rats.


Quantitative gas–liquid chromatography provides an efficient, novel technique for the kinetic study of the reaction between sec-butyllithium and m-divinylbenzene. The reaction of stoichiometric amounts of ultra-high purity sec-butyllithium with pure m-divinylbenzene at −23°C produces an anionic initiator, 1,3-bis(1-lithio-3-methylpentyl)benzene, 2, without traces of monofunctional and polyfunctional impurities. The relative rates of formation of 2 with and without the presence of Lewis base, triethylamine, or Lewis acid, diethylzinc, were studied by gas–liquid chromatography. The presence of diethylzinc reduces the activity of sec-butyllithium to such an extent that the reaction did not proceed beyond the monofunctional component stage, that is, the formation of m-1-lithio-3-methylpentylvinylbenzene, 1. The reaction of sec-butyllithium with m-divinylbenzene at −79°C with a 10mol% ratio of triethylamine to sec-butyllithium yielded a homogeneous product with composition of 94% difunctionality and 6% monofunctionality, with the total disappearance of m-divinylbenzene as observed by GLC. However, precipitation due to agglomeration was observed at 25°C at 100% conversion.

The high purity 1,3-bis(1-lithio-3-methylpentyl)benzene initiator, 2, is effective for the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene and allows the synthesis of polybutadienes with predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Depending on the polymerization solvent, polybutadienes with microstructures ranging from 9 to 13% 1,2-vinyl content were observed by 1H NMR analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. However, the presence of diethylzinc retards the rate of polymerization of 1,3-butadiene, without any change in polymer microstructure. Triethylamine enhances the rate of 1,2-enchainment without significant reduction in the 1,4-enchainment of polybutadiene.


The problem of generation of surface water waves at tile interface of two immiscible liquids by a onesided porous wave maker is studied in both the cases of water of infinite as well as finite depth by suitable application of the generalisation of Havelock's expansion theorem. The solution of the the problem of reflection of water waves due to a fixed porous wall is derived as a particular case.


The 2014 test of the Space Launch System (SLS) Rigid Buffet Model conducted at the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel employed an extremely high number of unsteady pressure transducers. The high channel count provided an opportunity to examine the effect of transducer placement on the resulting buffet forcing functions (BFFs). Rings of transducers on the forward half of the model were employed to simulate a single-body vehicle. The impact of transducer density, circumferential distribution, and loss of a single transducer on the resulting BFFs were examined. Rings of transducers on the aft half of the SLS model were employed to examine the effect of transducer density and circumferential distribution on BFFs for a multibody configuration. Transducer placement considerations with respect to model size, facility infrastructure, and data acquisition system capabilities, which affect the integration process, are also discussed.


D-glucosamine hydrochloride is accessible through the purification of hydrochloride hydrolysed chitin derived from the river crab in Panjin.The D-glucosamine hydrochloride shows good anti-oxidation effects on the hydroxyl free radical and the oxygen free radicals.


Two new empirical methods lead to a quantification of polarisability-derived stabilisation of charge in molecules. These take account of the all-important attentuation of substituent influence as it is further from the charged center. The first is derived from a formula for calculating mean molecular polarisabilities and also takes account of heteroatom substitution. A simple bond-counting procedure is an alternative for unsubstituted alkyl groups. The value of these two models is shown with studies on Cl and Ge ESCA/Auger spectral data, nitrogen 1s binding energy shifts, and with data on the gas phase proton affinities of alkyl substituted amines.


In order to offer RFID services on mobile phones, the RFID reader must be embedded on the handset as a chip. However, the directional coupler was used as a ceramic passive component in conventional handsets. RFID system using an identical Tx/Rx carrier frequency has a significant volume limitation compared with active components. This article presents the directional coupler design for UHF RFID mobile reader using IPD (Integrated Passive Device) process. T and π‐type coupler with dimensions of 1.74 × 1.6 and 1.32 × 1.4 mm2 were assembled. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1501–1504, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22497


The reduction of socio-economic inequalities in school outcomes was a major priority of the Coalition Government in England from 2010–15. In this paper we examine the Coalition's policies and spending, including an analysis of the distributional effect of its pupil premium policy. We also look at trends in outcomes up to 2014. We find that although the pupil premium had a modest overall effect of distributing more money to schools with poorer intakes, this was nested within a wider set of policies which have disadvantaged low income families and children, and that there is evidence of socio-economic gaps widening on some indicators.


Power Grid line is an important hard infrastructure and this contributes in stepping up towards economic development of any region. West Bengal also has well-knit power grid network. The power voltage used for commercial purposes in West Bengal ranges from 400 to 132 KV and this is called Power Transmission Line. There are districtwise disparities in the distribution of this network. This distributional bias is reflected through the network connectivity and nodal accessibility in different districts of West Bengal. The intra-district network connectivity has positive impact on the economic development. There is also unequal and imbalanced distribution of transmission lines in overall the state itself. Some nodes are getting priority on the basis of the degree of nodes on direct connectivity. Besides there is another important factor on the basis of the degree of interaction among different power grid lines i.e. Efficiency of power transmission is another important issue in economic development. The disparities in these entire network related issues are conspicuous in West Bengal. West Bengal is still lagging behind in the approach towards utilization of power in the commercial sector. The industrial regions in West Bengal also face different power related problems like inefficient power transmission, lacunae in network coverage, paucity of road lightening in the industrial belts etc. So an approach related to balanced distribution of network connectivity, accessibility, degree of nodes, efficient power transmission, un-interrupted power supply should be adopted in all over the districts. These will lead towards stable, continuous and balanced power transmission in near future.


Three years of essentially continuous operation of the NRC long-beam primary cesium-beam standard, CsV, have demonstrated the feasibility and the many advantages of this method of time keeping. These advantages and the means of attaining and maintaining primary standard accuracy as well as ensuring the reliability of the time scale generated by such a clock are outlined.


Dietary betaine supplementation improves water retention in steers and may influence lean-tissue deposition, while also acting as an osmolyte to help regulate cellular osmotic balance. This study investigated the interactions between shade and dietary betaine on carcass characteristics, tissue enzyme activity and gene expression in 48 feedlot steers during summer. Steers were randomly allocated to a 4 × 2 factorial design with the factors being dietary betaine (0, 10, 20 or 40 g) and shade (with and without shade) for 120 days. Tissue samples were obtained at slaughter and analysed for gene expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (HSP70/90) and expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and enzyme activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and glycerol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). Carcasses were evaluated for quality. Carcass weight at slaughter was not altered by shade (P = 0.18) but tended to be increased by dietary betaine (306 v. 314 kg, P = 0.09). The P8 backfat was not altered by shade (P = 0.43) or dietary betaine (P = 0.32), although there was a within dietary betaine effect whereby P8 backfat tended to be greater in steers fed 10 g compared with 40 g betaine/day (17.4 v. 14.5 mm, P = 0.06). Muscle pH at 1 h (5.97 v. 6.03, P = 0.01) and 2 h (5.73 v. 5.80, P = 0.04) post-slaughter was higher in shaded steers, and muscle pH at 1 h post-slaughter was higher in steers fed 10 or 20 g than those fed 40 g betaine/day (6.03 v. 6.03 v. 5.95, P = 0.005). Gene expression was not altered by betaine, while adipose tissues expressed more of each gene than muscle (P < 0.001). The mRNA expression of HSF1 and HSP90 was influenced by a shade × betaine interaction, although the direction of this interaction was irregular (P = 0.03 and 0.03, respectively). Adipose tissue FAS and G6PDH enzyme activity was unaffected by shade and betaine. The results of this study indicate that betaine supplementation may be a successful carcass modifier in growing feedlot steers during summer. Provision of shade during summer may reduce the rate of pH decline in the first 2 h after slaughter and reduce the risk of high rigor temperature.


A recently published study inCell byBoyd-Shiwarski et al.1 revealed that WNK kinases sense intracellular molecular crowding and restore cell volume via phase separation (PS). Cells are suffer from hyperosmotic stress, which leads to volume shrinkage and a decrease in intracellular space, resulting in molecular crowding (Figure 1A). WNK1 rapidly senses molecular crowding, triggers PS via the C-terminal domain (CTD), and recruits downstream effectors to form condensates. The SPAK and OSR1 effector kinases are activated in condensates and transported to the cytosol to regulate the NKCC1 and KCC ion channels. Eventually, resulting in the obligate reclamation of water and cell volume is recovered, this rapid response termed regulatory volume increase1 (RVI) (Figure 1B). PS can be triggered by various cellular stresses, including temperature, pH, and hyperosmolarity.2 Meanwhile, PS can producemembrane-free biomolecular condensates, in which specific biomolecules are concentrated and serve biological functions.3 For instance, the phosphorylation of the Alzheimer's disease-related protein tau by cyclindependent kinase 2 is accelerated in condensates,4 and biomolecular condensates are implicated in the regulation


As keynote of IEEE DECOR@ICDE2023, we explored what role(s) data-driven AI systems can play in supporting innovation and chef's creativity, as well as in enriching the overall dining experience after a look at the changing conceptual landscape of modern gastronomy (driven by fundamental changes in the role and the self-image of today's chefs). In doing so we considered – among others – recent explorations into data-based flavour pairing, different approaches of representing sensory data relevant for gastronomy use cases, and an assessment of the overall state of the food data ecosystem.


Five patients with unilateral acoustic neuromas were studied with CT before and after treatment with dexamethasone. Rather small effects, in the order of 10–20%, were observed on the parameters evaluated, including the size of the tumor, size of the peritumorai edema, and the contrast enhancement. Hence, the acoustic neuromas, which ultrastructurally and with their extraaxial location bear great resemblances to meningiomas, also show a similarity in their minimal response to steroid treatment.


Groups of 25 weaned lambs sampled from properties on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales were tested in a common environment for resistance to the abomasal parasite Haemonchus contortus. Three flocks from each of four strains were represented. Although there were large differences between strains there was insufficient evidence to conclude that strain contributed significantly to the total variation in resistance. Large differences between strain means were apparent but these were not statistically significant due to substantial variation between flocks within strains. Given the strong genetic links between flocks within strains, the results suggest that there are powerful and enduring environmental influences on lambs during the first 8-12 weeks which are expressed as altered resistance 3-5 months later.


The degree of localization of structural damage in DNA is computationally investigated in the framework of molecular motors. Damage is induced on DNA hairpins with two and three guanine-cytosine (GC) base pairs by the photoinduced isomerization of their azobenzene containing cap. Light-induced changes in elasticity of such hairpins can be used to transduce photon energy into mechanical work in a single-molecule pulling setup through optomechanical cycles. The maximum extractable work per cycle is, in fact, a good measure of the degree of disruption of the hairpin structure upon isomerization. The extractable work was quantified by means of free-energy reconstruction techniques and several microseconds of molecular dynamics simulations. The maximum work that can be extracted from the 2GC and 3GC systems starting from their native B-DNA conformation (dO3'−O5' ≈ 16 A) is 2.70 kcal/mol in both cases. The fact that the extractable work does not increase when transitioning from the dimer to the trimer implies that the DNA damage induced by azobenzene isomerization is localized to the two base pairs adjacent to the photoswitchable unit. From the perspective of DNA-based molecular motors, these findings indicate that a dense azobenzene arrange- ment would be required for effective actuation. From a biological perspective, the results highlight the remarkable ability of the DNA design to mitigate the propagation of damage, thus limiting detrimental effects that this may have on healthy cell function.


Let G:(V,E) be a graph. A tetrahedral sum labeling of a graph G is a one to one function f:V→N_0 that induces a bi- jection f*: E→{ B_(1 ,) B_(2,………….) B_(|E|)} wheref*(uv)= f(u)+ f(v) ; ∀ uv ∈ E. The graph which admits such labeling is a tetrahedral sum labeling. In this paper we define octahedral sum labeling of a graph G and a graph which admits octahedral sum labeling as octahedral sum labeling graph. Also we discuss some special graphs which admits octahedral sum labeling such as Paths, Stars, Bistar.


The varying rule of the water quality character of the closed recycled aquiculture system in pond of coastal saline-alkaline land in Tianjin fisheries research institute during the whole culture period was studied in 2007.The result showed that:the ammonia nitrogen concentration increased during the whole culture period,it reached about 4 mg/L in the late period of culture;the concentration of nitrite nitrogen fluctuated from 0.04 mg/L to 0.20 mg/L;the content of reactive phosphorus in the middle period was higher than that in prophase and late period of culture,which the maximum of the content was 0.55 mg/L,and the minimum was 0.10 mg/L;the pH value first increased then declined,at last it increased again,the maximum value was 9.34,and the minimum value was 7.65.The study also indicated that the content of ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,reactive phosphorus and phytoplankton species and biomass were all higher in pond with a bottom covered with plastic sheet than in common pond.


Since a historic meeting and summit talks in Pyongyang from June 13 to 15, 2000, where the leaders of South and North Korea co-signed on the...


The aim of this paper is to compare two approaches for modelling the vibro-acoustic behaviour of a three-phase discoïdal switching flux permanent-magnet machine (DSFPM) due to electromagnetic origins. The first approach is based on a full transient vibro-acoustic analysis of the DSFPM emitted acoustic noise. The second modelling approach is based on a modal superposition analysis of the DSFPM vibro-acoustic behaviour. This multi-physic study is based on a weak coupling between two 3D Finite-Element (FE) models: an electromagnetic model computing the magnetic pressure and a vibroacoustic model to quantify the vibration/noise performances. Results comparison between the two modelling approaches shows the effectiveness of the modal superposition model in terms of precision and computation time.


The authors used computer simulations and experiments to evaluate a new method of logging earth formations for bulk density. This method promises to produce good density logs acquired in difficult borehole conditions because it furnishes a much greater depth of investigation into the formation than the conventional gamma-gamma method. Their evaluation indicates the method is most suitable for logging in vadose zone formations, above the water table, where moisture content is relatively low.


We examine the role of the anisotropy of superconducting critical thermal fluctuations in the opening of a pseudogap in a quasi-two dimensional superconductor such as a cuprate-oxide hightemperature superconductor. When the anisotropy between planes and their perpendicular axis is large enough and its superconducting critical temperature Tc is high enough, the fluctuations are much developed in its critical region so that lifetime widths of quasiparticles are large and the energy dependence of the selfenergy deviates from that of Landau's normal Fermi liquids. A pseudogap opens in such a critical region because quasiparticle spectra around the chemical potential are swept away due to the large lifetime widths. The pseudogap never smoothly evolves into a superconducting gap; it starts to open at a temperature higher than Tc while the superconducting gap starts to open just at Tc. When Tc is rather low but the ratio of "G(0)/kBTc, with "G(0) the superconducting gap at T = 0 K and kB the Boltzmann constant, is much larger than a value about 4 according to the mean-field theory, the pseudogap must be closing as temperature T approaches to the low Tc because thermal fluctuations become less developed as T decreases. Critical thermal fluctuations cannot cause the opening of a prominent pseudogap in an almost isotropic three dimensional superconductor, even if its Tc is high.


The article discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations of the phenomenon of authenticity in the context of teachers' coping behaviour. The problems of authenticity research, the complexity of its verification and measurement are substantiated. The author attempts to describe authenticity by establishing its presence in the coping mechanism. A hypothesis is put forward that the will can enter authenticity as a structural component and have its own particular manifestations (self-control, overcoming oneself). The model of authenticity presented is based on the following methodological approaches: subject-activity (S. L. Rubinstein, K.A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, B. S. Bratus, and others); resource (L. V. Kulikov, K. Muzdybaev, and others); system (A. I. Krupnov, S. I. Kudinov, and others); acmeological (A. A. Derkach, A. V. Gagarin, A. A. Bechter, and others); on the concepts of humanistic and existential psychology (K. Rogers, A. Maslow, V. Frankl, R. May, A. Laengle, and others). The author describes the stages of the experiment, presents methods for studying authenticity and its criteria (the study uses both a direct method for studying authenticity and methods of an adjacent type). The empirical study involved 100 teachers from three schools of the city of Khabarovsk. The STATISTIKA10.R program was used to analyse the results and a quantitative and qualitative analysis was employed. To check the various positions of the hypothesis, correlation and factor analysis (Varimax rotation) were used. For the study of authenticity and its criteria, the following methods were used: the "Meaning of Orientations" method (D. A. Leontyev ), the Authenticity Scale (proposed by British scientists A.M. Wood, P.A. Linley, J. Maitby and M. Baliousis, S. Joseph, currently the only valid tool for assessing authenticity as a dynamic personality trait), and A. V. Karpov's diagnostic method of reflection, the diagnostic technique for ontogenetic reflexes (N. P. Fetiskin), the CPSU questionnaire ("The Study of Coping Behavior in Stressful Situations" adapted by T. L. Kryukova), the coping-test "Questionnaire About Coping Methods", a technique for studying semantic levels in the structure of an instructor's personality (M. N. Mironova).


With the current outbreak of COVID-19, our everyday lifestyle has changes thoroughly. Not only the economy, industry and health services witnessed major alterations, but even our ways of communication. This can be found in the linguistic changes that have occurred to the English language since the pandemic started. The main phenomenon witnessed is the appearance of new terms and expressions, which are analysed and discussed in this paper. The main aim is to identify these developments, followed by their classification using Krishnamurthy's framework of Neologism (2010). The dataset consists of over 5 million tweets collected between January and June, 2020, which is analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The result analysis indicated that these changes functioned as a tools of coping with the major changes that happened to people's lifestyles globally. It was observed that social media in general, and the hashtags in particular, had a significant impact on its spreading.


The investigation of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-12 total precipitable water (TPW) product data and the coinciding Global Positioning System (GPS) TPW record for the past year and a half has revealed that the moist bias in GOES-12 sounder-derived products remains similar to that from other GOES satellites and is consistent over time. Despite joint efforts with the Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) and National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) to modify the sounding retrieval algorithm, bias error characteristics (as compared to GPS TPW) are very close to data sets garnered during the 2002 International H2O Project (IHOP) from GOES-8 and GOES-11. So the compelling question for us at Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) is just how can we best use the GPS asynoptic data to improve the satellite operational products? If we improve the current GOES product data, will we be able to produce a better GOES-R product? The result is work summarized by this paper in which we established a means to characterize the current GOES error based on past data and apply the correction in real time to new product data; furthermore, we examined the characteristics of proxy GOES-R advanced baseline imager (ABI) data derived from current moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) polar orbiter data and assessed its performance.


Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription(STATs) are a family of cytoplasmic proteins with roles as signal messengers and transcription factors that participate in normal cellular responses to cytokines and growth factors. Frequently, however, abnormal activity of certain STAT family members, particularly STAT3, is associated with a wide variety of human malignancies. Application of molecular biology and pharmacology tools in disease-relevant models has confirmed STAT3 as having a causal role in oncogenesis, and provided validation of STAT3 as a new target for cancer drug discovery and therapeutic intervention. Futhermore, a constitutively-active mutant form of STAT3 is sufficient to induce oncogenic transformation of cells, which form tumors in vivo. Constitutive activation of STAT3 signaling is accompanied by upregulation of cyclinD1, c-Myc, and Bcl-x, changes consistent with subversion of normal cellular growth and survival control mechanisms. Block of constitutive STAT3 signaling results in growth inhibition and apoptosis of STAT3-positive tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. The observed dependence of certain tumors on constitutive STAT3 signaling for growth and survival has wide implications for cancer therapy, offering the potential for preferential tumor cell killing. This article reviewed the hot research topic in development of STAT3 inhibitor.


This research examines the understandings and experiences of mono-cultural, mono-lingual local students in relation to intercultural interactions within small group learning activities at university. Bourdieu's concepts of field, habitus and capital are employed to illuminate a number of barriers to intercultural interaction. Using qualitative analysis of interviews with local students, the study revealed intercultural interactions to be co-shaped by multiple co-existing, interdependent and often competing structural and contextual elements, as well as the personal dispositions that students bring to the classroom. The field tends to privilege the capital held by local students (knowledge of small group work, verbal confidence, language), and imposes structural limits on interactions. While students' habitus mediates this effect, the overall result discourages interactions between local students and those from different cultural backgrounds. Implications for universities are discussed.


We demonstrate that the strong thermal growth of fiber Bragg gratings in phosphate glass fibers at temperatures between 100 - 250 °C requires seed gratings written using 193 nm light to be overexposed beyond saturation.


In this second paper in the series, we investigate occurrence frequencies of apparent unipolar processes, cancellation, and emergence of patch structures in quiet regions. Apparent unipolar events are considerably more frequent than cancellation and emergence, per our definition, which is consistent with Lamb et al. Furthermore, we investigate the frequency distributions of changes in flux during apparent unipolar processes and find that they concentrate around the detection limit of the analysis. Combining these findings with the results of our previous paper, Iida et al., which found that merging and splitting are more dominant than emergence and cancellation, these results support the understanding that apparent unipolar processes are actually interactions with and among patches below the detection limit and that there still are numerous flux interactions between the flux range in this analysis and below the detection limit. We also investigate occurrence frequency distributions of flux decrease during cancellation. We found a relatively strong dependence, 2.48 ± 0.26 as a power-law index. This strong dependence on flux is consistent with the model, which was suggested in the previous paper.


AbstractDesalination of seawater can provide an almost inexhaustible source of freshwater if it can be made affordable. This work is part of an innovative approach aimed at improving the seawater desalination cost through the development of a new method which is more efficient than the existing processes in use. A benchmarking study and a literature analysis were realized, and the results helped us in orientating research study toward the development of an industrial hybrid system coupling freezing and reverse osmosis (RO). The freezing process is proposed as a method of seawater pre-treatment for the RO membranes. It is coupled with a heat pump system which freezes the seawater inside a crystallizer and melts the ice in a melting chamber. By combining freezing and membrane desalination processes, the hybrid system has been successfully improved. The evaluation of the proposed systems' energy consumption shows energy savings of approximately 25%, and an improvement of the quality of osmotic water for abou...