Engineering practice indicates that the long and middle-span aerial crossing engineering is the key part of an oil and gas transportation pipeline system,which has the structural features of high and super-static determinate and high flexibility.The overload of pigging will bring serious damage to it,and make the aerial crossing engineering malfunction.The aerial crossing engineering structure was simplified as a morethan-one-span structure with two fixed ends,by taking into consideration the effects of initial stress,cable droop,dimensional large displacement together.And the limited finite element models of pigging dynamic response were put forward in this paper.In terms of the characteristics of the moving load and the time course,the loading steps were adopted concerning the dynamic load on the aerial crossing engineering structure,and analyzes of the pigging dynamic characteristics of the aerial crossing pipeline were sequentially conducted.These steps are already used for calculating the vibration displacement,critical liquid length and pigging velocity in different working conditions,and can provide some instructions for pipeline pigging.


We present a case of vulvar cancer in 35 year old women with multiple sclerosis. Radical vulvectomy with right-sided inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy was performed. Pathohistological analysis confi rmed the diagnosis of a squamous cell carcinoma, grade II, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) IB. Adjuvant radiotherapy was not indicated. After two years of follow up, there was no evidence of the recurrence.


A wick-type automatic watering flowerpot belongs to the technical field of garden tools and comprises a pot body, wherein pot bottom hole 7 is formed at the bottom of the pot body; a pot cavity 14 is arranged in the pot body; the wick-type automatic watering flowerpot is characterized in that the pot body comprises an external wall 1 and an internal wall 2, wherein a water conduit hole 15 is formed at the bottom of the internal wall 2; the space between the external wall 1 and the internal wall 2 is hollow; connection columns 8 of the external wall and the internal wall are arranged between the external wall 1 and the internal wall 2 and at the position at the lower part of the pot body; an internal/external connection edge 11 is located at a pot opening at the upper part of the pot body and connected with the external wall 1 and the internal wall 2; the wick-type automatic watering flowerpot further comprises a water conduit 9 which is communicated to the pot cavity 14 through the water conduit hole 15 along the hollow area between the external wall 1 and the internal wall 2 from the exterior of the pot body; a slim tube is connected with one end of the water conduit 9, entering the pot cavity 14; slim tube holes 4 are formed in the slim tube 3; the slim tube is internally provided with a slim tube core 5; the pot body is externally provided with a water storage container 10; and one end of the water conduit 9, outside the pot body, stretches into the water storage container 10. The slim tube core and the slim tube form a capillary tube to automatically feed water required by plant growth.


Special education literature extraction work is according to stick to the relevant regulations of the national standard digest is composition's regulation. At the same time, the selection of it should be underway in line with the demand which served to this field's reader. It carries on the preliminary research on the field's digest distinguishing features by means of the examples.


Fishers are decisionmakers who have a top predatorlike foraging behaviour when searching and exploiting patchily distributed fish resources (Bertrand et al., 2007; Bez et al., 2011; Planque et al., 2011). Decisionmaking processes may be driven by both external factors (e.g. resource availability, environmental conditions, economic circumstances, fishing regulations and presence of other predators) and internal factors (e.g. fishers' skills/personality and characteristics of boats – Holley & Marchal, 2004; Marchal et al., 2006; Simpson et al., 2011). To model these human behaviours, ecologists have used optimal foraging theory (OFT) to inform the decisionmaking process as regards alternatives for optimising cost– benefit ratios (Aswani, 1998; Begossi, 1992; McCay, 1981). Decisions made by fishers, in Received: 14 May 2020 | Revised: 26 April 2021 | Accepted: 24 May 2021 DOI: 10.1111/fme.12503


In quantifying the behaviour of a sharp crack, considerable use has been made of the cohesive process zone description of the non-linear micro-mechanistic processes that are operative in the immediate vicinity of a crack tip. With this description, the non-linearity is modelled so that it is confined to an infinitesimally thin strip, and the analysis is considerably simplified if the description is coupled with the assumption that the stress is uniform within the process zone. When the process zone size is very small compared with the crack size and other dimensions associated with a configuration (the so-called small-scale yielding situation), the crack tip stress intensity factor defines the various parameters associated with the crack: crack tip opening displacement vT , process zone size s, crack opening area A and the effective opening area AD of the process zone. The stress intensity factor relates to the first term in the expansion of the expression for the relative displacement of the faces of an elastic crack, or the expression for the stress ahead of an elastic crack. This paper shows how the various crack parameters vT , s, A and AD are also related to the second term in the expansion of the relative displacement expression, when we relax the assumption that the process zone is very small, i.e. when we proceed beyond the small-scale yielding situation.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


When blood is diluted with water, erythrocytes swell and then burst to release haemoglobin molecules, viz. hypotonic hemolysis. The remaining membranes, so-called "ghosts", have transient holes, which are resealed under physiological conditions. About 50 years ago it was reported that ghost suspensions showed peculiar dielectric dispersion below 10 kHz, termed α-dispersion, which was not found for intact erythrocyte suspensions. The finding, however, has never been traced because of difficulty in low-frequency measurement due to electrode polarization (EP) effects, and therefore the origin of the α-dispersion has not been understood. In this study, the α-dispersion has been revealed using a new type of measurement cell capable of reducing the EP effects. The properties of the α-dispersion were exactly interpreted by modelling ghosts as a spherical cell with a single hole. The numerical simulation with the cell model provided a linear relation between the characteristic frequency of the α-dispersion and the hole radius, the hole radius thereby being determined straightforwardly.


OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the bleeding sites and the major blood supply in patients with hidden epistaxis. METHODS The clinical data of 106 patients with hidden epistaxis were studied retrospectively. The bleeding sites and hemorrhagic focus was not found by routine anterior nasoscope examination was defined as hidden epistaxis. The bleeding sites were located and the bleeding was stopped under nasal endoscope. RESULTS The hemorrhagic foci were found in the following sites: 55.7%(59/106)at the top of inferior meatus, 33.0% (35/106)middle turbinate and the top of middle meatus, 9.4%(10/106)olfactory cleft and the nasal septum, and 1.9%(2/106)unknown. The bleeding sites were found and the bleeding was stopped with radiofrequency under nasal endoscope in 104 cases. Bleeding was stopped by treatment once in 102 cases(96.2%)and treatment twice in 2 cases(1.9%). All the patients were followed up for over one month without recurrence and the cure rate was 98.1%. Bleeding sites were not found in 2 cases because of heavy damage of the nasal mucosa. CONCLUSION ①The majority of hidden epistaxis is supplied by the sphenopalatine artery. ②To find the bleeding sites and stop the bleeding in hidden epistaxis patients under nasal endoscope using radiofrequency is effective, minimally invasive and worth of clinic application extensively.


There are two objectives of this paper. First objective is to understand the price fluctuation of shares in the selected companies during the pre and post announcement of quarterly result and second objective is to find out the relation between growth in results of the company and changes in the share price. In this research, researcher has considered 4 automobile companies.  Four quarters have been considered for the purpose of data collection. Quarterly reports and share price have been collected from company's website and BSE website respectively. Simple average, standard deviation correlation as statistical tools and graph has been used. In this presented that announcement of quarterly result affected the share price in both sides. In some cases prices have been decreased after the announcement of quarterly result but some cases effect was vice-versa. There is no significant correlation between pre-post announcement of share price and growth of the companies. This study will help to the investors for evaluating the effect of announcement of quarterly result on share price. So they can decide that they should invest in the share at the time of announcement or will also help them for considering growth of companies at the time of purchase and sale of share.


CHI 2020 Workshop on Authentication Beyond Desktops and Smartphones. CHI '20, April 25–30, 2020, Honolulu, HI, USA. © 2020 Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). Abstract While hardware buttons on mobile devices are mainly used for simple shortcuts, they offer more potential for quick, subtle and eyes-free input. In this work, we present VolumePatterns as an example prototype where users authenticate on their phones with short and long press volume button patterns.


This paper discusses the question that disembodied technical progress could be endogenous for economic growth.With the contribution of the management factor to increase productivity of economic growth,it believes that the function of management factor in the process of technical change belongs to main principal parts for disembodied technical progress.According to motivational function and deploy function of the management factors,the paper classifies the production inputs to two types of which one is motivational inputs,and the other is deployed inputs.Meanwhile,this paper builds an endogenous economic growth model based on inputting the management factors,and analyzes the endogenous feature of the management factors in economic growth.Finally,it solves the important problem that disembodied technical progress would be endogenous for economic growth.


The economic and commercial exchange and cooperation between Fujian and Taiwan possess important significance for promoting the connection of the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and speeding up the peaceful unification of the state.Standing on this thought,this paper probes into the chances and challenges faced by the economic and commercial exchange and cooperation between Fujian and Taiwan under the new situation,and puts forward some strategies that should be taken.


Objective: To investigate the degradation of peptides produced by double enzymatic hydrolysis of beef with flavourzyme and papain during Maillard reaction and explore the relationship between flavor products and reactants in model system.Methods: Maillard reaction model systems were established by using beef protein hydrolysate and peptides obtained from it as reaction matrix,respectively,and the resultant reaction products were H-MRPs and P-MRPs.The thermodegradation products of beef protein peptides,named as P-TDPs,served as a control.High performance size exclusion chromatography(HPSEC) and GC-MS were used for the comparative analysis of beef protein peptides and volatile compounds generated from Maillard reaction,respectively.Results: P-MRPs and P-TDPs showed different HPSEC chromatograms.Totally 36 com-pounds were detected in H-MRPs and the number of compounds found in P-MRPs was 31.The majority of peptides participating in Maillard reaction had a molecular weight from 1000 to 2000D.Furans and furanones were the major products from the degradation of carbohydrates.Pyrazines were produced from the reaction of peptide and xylose.Thiazole,thiophene and thiols were generated from the degradation of thiamin.


Introduction Bipolar Disorder (BD) is one of the most challenging and severe psychiatric disorders. Considerable research in BD patients points to deficits in Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) as a potential BD endophenotype. Accordingly, such deficits have also been found in unaffected BD first-degree relatives, but no study has been conducted to synthetize this evidence. Objectives To conduct a systematic review of studies exploring FER deficits in first-degree relatives of patients with BD. Methods PRISMA 2020 recommendations will be followed. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO electronic bibliographic databases will be searched, as well as grey literature. Reference lists of the included studies will be hand-searched for additional eligible studies. Search strategy will include key-terms in accordance with the pre-established PICOS definition. No restrictions will apply regarding study design, setting, publication date nor language. Outcomes of interest will be FER deficits. Retrieved studies will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers using a two-phase approach. The methodological quality of primary studies will be assessed and data extracted independently using a standardized extraction form. Results will be described using narrative and tabular approaches. Studies heterogeneity will be verified and if adequate a meta-analysis will be conducted. Findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication. Conclusions It is expected that this systematic review will support the hypothesis that FER deficits may constitute a potential candidate for a BD endophenotype, which will not only improve the understanding of BD neurobiology, but also enable its identification in earlier stages, allowing timely treatments and better patients' outcomes. Disclosure No significant relationships.


There is considerable literature on solutions to the gas-dynamic equation (GDE) and Fokker–Planck equation (FPE), where the fractional derivative is expressed in terms of the Caputo fractional derivative. There is hardly any work on analytical and numerical GDE and FPE solutions involving conformable fractional derivative (CFD). For the reasons stated above, we are required to solve the GDE and FPE in the form of CFD. The main goal of this research is to offer a novel combined method by employing the conformable Shehu transform (CST) and the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) for extracting analytical and numerical solutions of the time-fractional conformable GDE and FPE. The proposed method is called the conformable Shehu homotopy perturbation method (CSHPM). To evaluate its efficiency and consistency, relative and absolute errors among the approximate and exact solutions to three nonlinear problems of GDE and FPE are considered numerically and graphically. Moreover, fifth-term approximate and exact solutions are also compared by 2D and 3D graphs. This method has the benefit of not requiring any minor or major physical parameter assumptions in the problem. As a result, it may be used to solve both weakly and strongly nonlinear problems, overcoming some of the inherent constraints of classic perturbation approaches. Second, while addressing nonlinear problems, the CSHPM does not require Adomian polynomials. Therefore, to solve nonlinear GDE and FPE, just a few computations are necessary. As a consequence, it outperforms homotopy analysis and Adomian decomposition approaches significantly. It does not require discretization or linearization, unlike traditional numerical methods. The convergence and error analysis of the series solutions are also presented.


Asymptotic cooperative stability is studied in the paper, and explicit conditions are found for heterogeneous nonlinear systems to reach a consensus. Specifically, a new comparison theorem is proposed for concluding both cooperative stability and Lyapunov stability, and it is in terms of vector nonlinear differential inequalities (on Lyapunov function components). It is unique that the proposed result admits both heterogeneous dynamics of nonlinear systems and intermittent unpredictable changes in their associated sensing/communication network. Its proof is done using a combination of Lyapunov argument (in terms of the Lyapunov function components) and topology- dependent argument (in terms of structural properties of reducible matrices). Consequently, the proposed result does not impose any of the following assumptions required in the existing results: the knowledge of a successful Lyapunov function, system dynamics being convex, nonsmooth analysis, fixed or certain types of communication patterns, quasi- monotone property on differential inequalities. If the systems under consideration are all linear, the theorem reduces to the necessary and sufficient condition of cooperative controllability obtained using the matrix-theoretical approach, and the inequalities become equalities. For nonlinear systems, the proposed cooperative stability conditions are straightforward to verify. Several types of nonlinear systems are used as examples to illustrate application potentials of the comparison theorem in both cooperative stability analysis and cooperative control design.


The paper builds on a current debate in the philosophy of war, which are rules that contribute to the containment of war and to a system of fair rules in warfare. Both are key issues in the "jus in bello" as a central part of war ethics. Recently, philosophers have questioned a general exculpation of soldiers in that context. Instead of restricting the debate on "justifiable killing" to the "jus ad bellum," which explores moral restrictions in starting warfare,philosophers examinemoralimplications whensoldiers kill inwar.Even though epistemic limitations and duties of soldiers need to be taken into account, the paper argues for a more detailed exploration of acts of killing in war by soldiers. Just war theory, jus in bello, war ethics, liability, morality of warfare Applied Vienna. She is also head of the research plat-form Nano-Norms-Nature. Her research interests comprise Aristotelian ethics, ethics of nature, political philosophy and war ethics. Recent book publications: Climate Justice and Climate Ethics (ed. Berlin/Boston 2015); Political Philosophy oft he Citizen (Wien/ K ö ln/Weimar 2013); Why Democracy Needs Public Goods (Lanham 2012); Ethical Naturalism after Aristotle (Paderborn 2010).


Although a great deal of recent literature deals with the neurological and anatomical aspects of Doppler‐shift compensation (DSC) by some bats, there are a few data on the foraging behavior of these species. We studied the foraging of Hipposideros ruber in Zimbabwe, and conclude from its behavior and echolocation calls that it is capable of DSC. These bats selected moths which were fluttering their wings whether the prey were flying or sitting on the substrate. If, during an attack, the moth stopped fluttering its wings, the bat terminated its approach. Pursuits of flying and sitting targets were equally successful, with the bats capturing the targets 40% of the time. Control experiments indicated that the bats did not use vision or the sound of fluttering to locate their prey. DSC appears to be a means of rejecting clutter. [Work supported by NSERC, Canada.]


This report documents the development of Guide for the Process of Managing Risk on Rapid Renewal Projects, which is geared to manage risk during rapid renewal projects. The report and the associated guide and supporting products provide information and tools that transportation agencies can use to apply risk management principles systematically to their projects. They are specifically useful for projects that are below $500 million. The primary objectives of Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) Renewal Project R09 were to address the general lack of understanding of risk and risk management options associated with the unique aspects of rapid renewal projects and to develop practical guidance and materials for the application of risk management methods to the rapid renewal project development process in a manner consistent with state transportation agency business practices. The products developed as part of this project include (1) a comprehensive guide, with checklists and an example application, and (2) associated implementation materials for conducting risk management on nonmajor rapid renewal projects, including a presentation introducing the risk management process and a Microsoft Excel template (with user's guide) for both documenting the process and conducting the necessary analyses. The report, guide, and training materials provide the state of the practice for risk management on rapid renewal projects, as well as a detailed process of risk identification and mitigation strategies. The materials will be useful to state departments of transportation, municipal agencies, and consultants working on projects that involve accelerated project delivery and will make the risk management process more accessible for use as a standard project solution.


Objective To investigate the quality of life of the patients underwent eyeball removal and to analyze their impact factors. Methods The status of 58 patients was investigated with uniform questionnaire.Results The total score of quality of life of 58 patients were (76. 16 ±22.35). Marital status, occupation, economic status is the main factors affecting the quality of life (t =4. 26,3. 86,4. 86;P <0. 05). Conclusions We should pay attention to not only the physical treatment, but also the psychological treatment of the patients, to improve the quality of life in patients with eye removal.

Key words:
Eye removal;  Quality of life;  Influencing factors


This study presents a framework for using exit surveys as a way to identify and explain citizen support for property tax increases for local infrastructure improvements. When local policy makers are interested in surveying their citizens about potential policy options, great care must be taken in choosing the population to be surveyed. Because voter turnout tends to be much lower in local elections, traditional phone and mail techniques may overestimate the willingness of citizens to vote. The alternative presented here is an exit survey of those persons who have participated in a specific local election. Findings from this case study show that negative attitudes about government and perceived tax liabilities appear to be more consistently related to attitudes toward raising taxes than are demographic variables. On the other hand, demographic variables may be mitigating factors not only with regard to perceived tax burdens but also in regard to defining one's use or intended use of projects.


A heuristic method to optimally divide an urban distribution network into several distribution sections is put forward.A street division is considered as the minimum unit.The coal street division is selected.The index of load balance in the distribution sections is used.The limitation of supplying radius is introduced as a constraint.The main procedure of partitioning of distribution network is merging the adjacent street division and making adjustment on the results.The load in each distribution section is guaranteed to be closed.Consequently,the reserve capacity of electrical apparatus can be decreased.A minimum-spanning-tree based approach is adopted in each distribution section to obtain a radial grid.The sectionalizing switches and loop switches are planned by a genetic algorithm.An example is given to show the feasibility of the proposed method.


Educational reforms, as initiated in Serbia in 2001, were based on the concept of quality education for all. This concept was put into practice as an inclusive approach in 2010/11. Inclusive education has been defined as a provision of full support and optimal environment for each student to be taught in the nearest school and in a regular class. In this paper we review the achieved results in providing necessary conditions for a successful implementation of the inclusive education, i.e., school policy, preparation of teachers, building-up their attitudes and system of values, as well as attitudes and system of values of other participants in the educational process. It has been shown that educational institutions, teaching staff and other participants in the educational process are fully aware of the need for an integrated schooling of all children and accept the concept of inclusive education. However, several shortcomings of the current inclusive education have been revealed. They are a consequence of the means it has been implemented, as well as socio-economic conditions that affect the Serbian society and educational sector as its part.


Histoire de Shanghai. By MARIE-CLAIRE BERGÈRE. [Paris: Fayard, 2002. 520 pp. €25.00. ISBN 2-21360-955-1.] Marie-Claire Bergère has written a remarkable and much needed history of modern Shanghai. Modern in this context is defined as the period that began with the arrival of foreigners in Shanghai after the Treaty of Nanjing (1842). The study concludes with the 1990s and China's imminent entry into the WTO. This book is the result of more than forty years of research and thought. The author first encountered Shanghai in 1957, on a visit described as being on a 'fishbowl' basis. That is to say she saw what her hosts wished her to see, but remained totally unaware of the violent anti-rightist struggle then raging around her. She was, however, drawn to the fascination of this extraordinary city, 'submerged by the storms of history.'


Web service discovery is developing as a conspicuous technology both in technical and business domains. Due to the swift growth in the number of web service registries and repositories, discovering the web services based on user request is a major concern. Though progressive and cuttingedge techniques are proposed to address these challenges in conservative environment, still it is in its critical stage at the semantic discovery scenario, particularly when the quality attributes are included. The retrieved web services, at times may not be desirable for the user and the objective of the user desirable service discovery fails. This paper addressed the issue of discovering user relevant services, which reduce the semantic gap between the services requested and the service provided using lattice based clustering technique. A service discovery model with novel similarity measure is proposed to discover user relevant services. Further to enhance the performance of the proposed discovery model, a 2Tier User Preference Model (UPM) is proposed to address the qualitative requirements of the service request. The Tier I of the UPM qualifies the QoS parameters, whereas the Tier II quantifies the qualified parameters. The test bed comprising of about a thousand services from different domains and a model UDDI are implemented to evaluate the proposed techniques in terms of precision, recall and f-measure. The merits of the proposed techniques are demonstrated by means of improved user desirability of the discovered services. Keyword-web service discovery, semantic gap, concept lattice, user preference model


Energy is the essential requirement of today's life. Due to the diminution of the energy sources, we need to develop the device which can harvest the wasted energy existing in our ambient environment. So, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was developed as an innovative paradigm for energy harvesting, which can harvest various forms of mechanical energy that exist in our day to day life including vibrations, walking, ocean waves, human motions, rain drops, flowing water, a moving automobile, wind, rotation energy and mechanical triggering. TENG could combine the contact electrification and electrostatic induction for energy conversion, which operates on four fundamental modes for conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy for powering small scale electronic expedients including mobile phones, sensors and so on. The electrical outputs obtained from TENG depends on friction materials which were selected from triboelectric series on the basis of their electro-negativity and electro-positivity. Herein, our intensive efforts to deliver a comprehensive study on the fundamentals of nanogenerator, various operating modes of TENG, how the devices have been designed and the performance improvement of this recently emerged technology.


We start by rewriting classical mechanics in a quantum mechanical fashion and point out that the only difference with quantum theory re- sides at one point. There is a classical analogon of the collapse of the wavefunction and an extension of the usual Born rule is proposed which might solve this problem. We work only with algebra's over the real (com- plex) numbers, general number fields of finite characteristic allowing for finite dimensional representations of the commutation relations are not considered given that such fields are not well ordered and do not give rise to a well defined probability interpretation. Our theory generalizes however to discrete spacetimes and finite dimensional algebra's. Looking at physics this way, spacetime itself distinguishes itself algebraically by means of well chosen commutation relations and there is further nothing special about it meaning it has also a particle interpretation just like any other dynamical variable. Likewise, there is no reason for the dynamics to be Hamiltonian and therefore we have a nonconservative formulation of quantum physics at hand. The harmonic oscillator (amongst few oth- ers) distinguishes itself because the algebra forms a finite dimensional Lie algebra; the classical and quantum (discrete) harmonic oscillator are stud- ied in a some more generality and examples are given which are neither classical, nor quantum.


China is the largest tobacco production and consumption country of the world,and Yunnan is the most important and largest production base of cigarette and tobacco in China.With the full implementation of FCTC in China in 2011,the tobacco economy of Yunnan is facing new situations and challenges.It is an urgent research project on how to reduce the negative influence of FCTC to the lowest level,avoid loss and gain profits.Therefore,the paper discusses the negative influence of FCTC on Yunnan's tobacco economy,and some countermeasures are proposed to keep the steady,coordinated,sustained and healthy development of the tobacco economy.


Purpose The differentiation properties of stem cells are not yet fully understood due to their close association with multiple environmental and extrinsic factors. This study investigates the differentiation properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and correlates them with their intrinsic mechanical properties. Methods A total of 3 different types of MSCs, namely bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs), umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCSCs), and adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) were evaluated. These 3 MSCs were individually differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts for 3 weeks. The mechanical properties of the MSCs and differentiated cells were determined by atomic force microscopy. Results ADSCs showed the greatest ability to differentiate into adipocytes, followed by BMSCs and UCSCs. While UCSCs differentiated readily into osteoblasts, BMSCs and ADSCs were less likely to undergo this differentiation. UCSCs were the "hardest" cells, while ADSCs were the "softest." The cells differentiated from "hard" MSCs were stiffer than the cells differentiated from "soft" MSCs, irrespective of lineage specification. Conclusions The differentiation ability of MSCs and the mechanical properties of the differentiated cells were closely linked. However, there were no significant correlations regarding changes in the mechanical properties between the nuclear region and the cytoplasm during differentiation.


Objective To explore transesophageal echocardiography analysis of the role in clinical cardiac surgery.Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 83 cases of TEE detection in patients with cardiac surgery operation.Results 83 cases of cardiac surgery patients in this study line TEE imaging to monitor and correct the wrong diagnosis in 4 cases(4.8%),found problems in 12 cases(14.45%).Conclusion Passing through the the esophagus cardiac ultrasound echocardiography monitoring clinical cardiac surgical procedures conducive to correct the error diagnosis occluder placement in guiding surgery to find the problem in a timely manner,accurate evaluation of surgical treatment to improve the success rate of surgery.


Caltex Rumbai Employee Cooperative in Productive Business Loan Program, has utilized technology to facilitate its work. But, the development of technology utilized KKMC still feels less than optimal. The use of paper-based survey forms, puts the risk of damage or loss of data. Unit Savings and Loans re-enter survey data obtained from Surveyor into excel, which makes this activity complicated and takes a long time. It is time for KKMC to build a new system by using an application that can help the data processing of Productive Business Loan survey, this application will use PHP programming language with MySQL database. With this new system can help Unit Saves and Loans and Surveyor in entering data Survey Form and Rooting Profile, and print survey report and Rooting Profile Report Productive Loan Program.
Keywords:Information System, Survey, Productive Business Loan.


An analysis of urbanization in China from 1840 to 1949 is presented. Sections are included on modern urbanization, the structure and function of cities, urban politics and culture, and suggestions for future research.


Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), a rare sarcoma, is primarily treated via resection of the mass. However, in cases of recurrence or unresectable tumors, no standard care exists. While crizotinib, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, is only approved for non-small-cell lung cancer with ALK mutation, it is reportedly effective for other malignant tumors with ALK mutation. We herein report a case involving a 37-year-old woman with retroperitoneal IMT with ALK mutation, who experienced recurrence after complete resection, in whom crizotinib treatment resulted in complete response. ALK-inhibitor efficacy against malignancies with ALK mutations should be investigated in future.


Search engine is a system that gathers various techniques to synthesize as a whole system.As the future search strategy will be more personalized and more intelligente,the meta-search engines have been the research focus.The system discriminates the characteristics between the other common desktop meta-search engines is for its personality and intelligence.For realizing the intelligence and personality,in addition to adopting mainly Agent system construction to the PID-MSE system,it also adopted the artificial intelligence,machine study and large technique of data mining.This paper concentrates on the desktop personalization,puts forward a personalized and intelligent desktop meta-search engine,named PID-MSE,lists the architecture and some technical details of the system,and finally looks into the future work.This system has optimized and extended the function of meta-search engine.


Nanocrystallites of GaAs have been prepared by refluxing GaCl 3 with As(SiMe 3 ) 3 in decane at 180 o C for 72 h. The crystallites formed have an average diameter of 3 nm. Controlled growth of these crystallites to a desired average diameter is possible by autoclaving at 200 o C. Changes in the measured optical absorption spectrum associated with this ripening process are described. Spectral features in the 400-550-nm region, previously assigned to molecular species in solution or adsorbed at the surface of GaAs crystallites, are absent. Optical absorption bands at 302 and 314 nm, observed for GaAs crystallites whose average diameters are 3 and 4 nm, respectively, are tentatively assigned to the 1S-1S transition


Existing problems in language teaching in schools for the deaf mainly include: unidentified curriculum,with the importance of language teaching neglected;teaching students less in accordance with their talents,with individual differences between deaf students not truly concerned;limited teaching language,with deaf students' natural sign language not fully used;lack of evaluation system,with deaf students' language development not effectively encouraged.Based on this,the author thinks that schools for the deaf should improve their language curriculum and raise the importance of language training;pay attention to deaf students' fundamental differences and implement individualized language training;reasonably use language patterns in accordance with deaf students' language learning rules;establish language assessment system and encourage deaf students' gradual language development.


This paper provides support to the existing empirical evidence that trade linkages play an important role in explaining the magnitude of currency crises, in addition to macroeconomic fundamentals and stock market dynamics. We apply pooled regression analysis in an attempt to better understand the effect of trade on the Asian Crises period of 1997~1998 and the Mexican Peso Crisis of 1994~1995. Our empirical results show that trade variables explain the aforementioned crises and their contagion. We also find that the magnitude of the trade channel was similar in both cases.


Productivity is good, exhibit high gas barrier property from immediately after the production, and while maintaining the excellent gas barrier properties, obtained a method of producing a laminated film having an excellent adhesion strength of construction layers, and by the production method barrier to provide sexual laminated film. (1) a step of forming an inorganic thin film by a vacuum vapor deposition method on at least one side of the base film, (2) process on the inorganic thin film formed by (1), the step of forming a thin film by plasma CVD method and, ( on thin film formed by 3) step (2) a method for producing a gas barrier laminate film having a step, of forming an inorganic thin film by a vacuum vapor deposition method, each of said steps (1) and (3), under 1 × 10


The organometallic chemical vapor deposition reaction between tetra-tert-butoxytin and hydroxylated Al(110) proceeds in ultrahigh vacuum to generate a surface-bound tin alkoxide product. The stoichiometry of the product, [Al]-[O] 3 -Sn(OBu t ), is different from that observed for zirconium alkoxide analogues. Facile ligand exchange oftert-butoxy for phenoxy can be accomplished for the surface-bound tin complex. Heating either surface tert-butoxytin or phenoxytin species ultimately gives the zerovalent metal. Deposition and thermal evolution reactions were followed by both reflection-absorption infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies.


The paper focuses on the effectiveness of academic grading system in Dilla University, Ethiopia. The grading system is taken from western countries which students are finding it difficult, in coping up with the standards prescribed therein.  The study also proved that the students need for a change in the grading system. The students want a better model of grading system, which will be helpful to them.


Wave power could give a significant contribution to afuture sustainable energy system if the Levelized Cost Of Energycan be reduced to a competitive level. Winch-based pointabsorbers could potentia ...


Expanding human activities have generated a mounting stream of waste, which is sometimes released into ecosystems at concentrations considered toxic for living organisms. As a result, populations of wild plants and animals are frequently exposed to toxic risks derived from the industrial wastes, pesticides, heavy metals, and other compounds that are released into the environment on a daily basis (Kappeler, 1979). These pollutants typically end up in soils, where potential toxic compounds come into direct contact with clays and organic material, which have a high capacity for binding to chemical compounds and substances (Bollag et al., 1992). Many organisms that live in soils, including beneficial soil fauna, are thus routinely exposed to high levels of pollution.


OBJECTIVE: To examine the evolution over the past 40 years of the midia approach to bipolar disorder. METHODS: A search was performed using the terms "bipolar disorder" and "manic-depressive" in the Brazilian magazine Veja and in American newspaper The New York Times. A sample of 40 texts from each source was analyzed. The texts were divided into two groups, one dated of the years between 1970 and 1999 and the second from 2000 to 2009. RESULTS: Between 1970 and 1999 it is most often used the term "manic-depressive", but in the decade of 2000-2009, the term "bipolar disorder" prevails widely. In addition, ol-der articles, which predominantly use the term "manic-depressive" tend to be more stigmatizing and less informative. Recent articles, on the other hand, feature more often the term "bipolar disorder" and tend to encourage treatment seeking. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the midia approach to bipolar disorder, in comparison with the one given to manic-depressive psychosis, is characterized by a closer assimilation of the biomedical model.


The wide bandgap group III-nitride semiconductors are highly required for the information technology. For the processing of these materials, dry etching techniques using high-density plasma have been developed due to their high bond strength between group III atoms and nitrogen. One such technique is the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching that is frequently used for the group III-nitrides. To achieve useful etch rates, high power plasma is required but the minimal damage is also important for the practical use. We used a step sequence of highdensity-low-acceleration-power plasma etching with short etching times to minimize the damage to the mesa structures. The technique allowed us to achieve small mesa structures of micrometer size diameters. From these processed mesa structures, we could observe photoluminescence with a dependence on the mesa size, A focused laser beam was used for the excitation to examine the luminescence from single mesa.


We give a geometrical interpretation of the notion of μ-prolongations of vector fields and of the related concept of μ-symmetry for partial differential equations (extending to PDEs the notion of λ-symmetry for ODEs). We give in particular a result concerning the relationship between μ-symmetries and standard exact symmetries. The notion is also extended to the case of conditional and partial symmetries, and we analyse the relation between local μ-symmetries and nonlocal standard symmetries.


Abstract : This report on Non-Lethal Technologies for the Objective Force consists of 28 presentation slides from the Proceedings of the Armaments for the Army Transformation Conference, held on 18-20 June 2001. The conference was sponsored by NDIA.


Branding is an image for a business where they were used by the consumer as perception towards the brand. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of branding on consumer buying behavior towards Samsung smart phone. Advertisement, brand image, brand association and brand loyalty are the characteristics of consumer buying behavior that used in this study. This study was conducted in Bandaraya Melaka by using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from 100 respondents by using structured questionnaire and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) were used to analyze the results. The results shows that advertisement, brand image, brand association and brand loyalty have positive relationships with consumer buying behavior. Moreover, the variable that gives the most impact towards consumer buying behavior is brand association. Based on this study, there were some recommendation that has been made for the company and the future researcher.


This paper is concerned with expressions like three times in Dafna jumped three times. These expressions look like bare noun phrases in adverbial position, and one could, at first sight, think of them as PPs with an empty preposition. Such an analysis, however, would leave two major properties of these expressions unexplained: 1. They show definiteness effects in interpretation. 2. They don't show wide-scope, or very-wide scope interpretations. I will argue that the crux to explaining these facts lies in Doetjes 1997's assumption that the expression time(s) does not pattern with nouns, but with classifiers/measures. Using a semantic interpretation inspired by Categorial Grammar, and the Adjectival Theory of indefinites from Landman 2004, I argue that indefinite time phrases, and only indefinite time phrases, have an interpretation directly as modifiers; and this will, in essence, account for the definiteness effects. I then argue that this analysis treats indefinite time phrases on a par with intensional adverbial modifiers. At first sight, this seems problematic, because these time phrases don't show the intensionality of, say, modal adverbials. But I argue that the intensionality of modals and of the indefinite time phrases are instances of a deeper form of intensionality, dualperspective intensionality. I then argue that the intensionality involved in indefinite time phrases is what we can call gridding. Indefinite time phrases count pluralities in a set of pluralities of events. Following the theory of plurality of Landman 1989a,b, pluralities cannot be counted directly, only atoms can be counted. The interpretation of the indefinite time phrase as an intensional modifier induces the operation of gridding: gridding shifts a set of pluralities, which cannot be counted, to a set of corresponding singularities, group atoms, which can be counted. I show that gridding has precisely the effects on scope that we observe for indefinite time phrases: gridding creates scope, but not wide scope and 'very wide scope' interpretations.


Software pipelining is a loop scheduling technique which extracts instruction level parallelism by overlapping the execution of several consecutive iterations.But in reverse engineering,it causes some difficulties to reverse translation.A de-pipelining algorithm based on the IA-64 architecture was proposed.This algorithm reversely converted the optimized assembly code of a software-pipelined loop to a semantically equivalent sequential counterpart.The experimental results have verified the validity of the proposed de-pipelining,which provides the basis for processing software pipelining in the binary translation.


A recent development in atomic emission spectroscopy is that of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), in which a high-powered pulsed laser is focused on a sample to create a luminous plasma. The light emitted by the plasma is characteristic of the sample's elemental content, and this may be deduced by spectroscopic analysis of the light. We have looked at the problem of determining the design parameters for a LIBS elemental analysis system for iron ore, which will be suitable for use in an industrial situation, A computer-controlled spectrometer has been constructed, and this has been used to collect and analyze the LIBS spectra of a range of ores.


Following the recent report that Br2 " ions (together with Brions) are observed as products in the dissociative attachment reaction of electrons with CF2Br2 as studied using the Krypton photolonization method, we have studied the attachment reactions of CF2Br2, CFBr 3 , CF2BrCF 2Br, CH2BrCH 2Br and CH2CICH 2Br using the FALP technique at 298, 380, 475K with a helium bath gas pressure of about i Torr. It was confirmed that Br2 " is indeed a product of the CF2Br2 reaction and that it is also a significant product of the CFBr3 , CF2BrCF 2Br and CH2BrCH 2Br reactions along with the major product ion Br'. The production of Br2 ° is briefly discussed and it is speculated that the Br2 "/Br" product ratio may be larger at higher bath gas pressures which are used in electron


Fine needle aspiration cytology ( FNAC ) is a valuable adjunct to the careful physical examination of patients. It is a much simpler technique and can sample cells from deeper parts of the neoplasm in contrast to routine biopsy that may sometimes fail to procure samples from the depth of the lesions. Greatest benefit is its speed with which the diagnosis is available with minimum expenditure.This study was undertaken to assess the usefulness of aspiration cytology in lesions of jaw bones and to demonstrate cytologic findings of different lesions. Thirty five cases of radiolucent lesions of the jaws were subjected to fine needle aspiration. Only in 31 cases adequate material was obtained. In 4 cases inadequate smear was obtained. There was 100 % accuracy in determining benignity and malignancies of tumors when correlated with clinical and roentgenographic features. Out of 31 cases 20 were benign and 11 were malignant. In this study out of 31 aspirates a specific cytologic diagnosis was possible in 27 cases ( 87.10%). In the remaining 4 cases only nonspecific diagnosis could be made. A specific diagnosis was possible in 19(95%) of the 20 benign lesions and 8( 72.73 %) of the 11 malignant lesions.


Topmost interlayer spacings and three measures of their associated uncertainties obtained with the reliability index proposed recently by Pendry (1980) are compared with results available from the authors' previous analyses with the reliability index proposed by Zanazzi and Jona for the surfaces Ni(311), Cu(311), Zr(0001), Rh(110)-c(2*2)-S and Rh(100)-(2*2)-S. Structural conclusions are essentially identical from both approaches. Advantages of the Pendry approach include its much shorter times for computation, and its tendency to give lower uncertainties for the interlayer spacing.


This report outlines the development of a large-diameter scintillation counter suitable for measurement of such soft beta emitters as cl4, s35, and Ca4 This counter offers a solution to the problems of geometry in counting the irregular radioactive areas of paper chromatograms. Accurate radioactivity measurements on. paper chromatograms demand uniform absorption and geometry corrections.


This paper analyses trade policy within a modified version of the well-known political economy models of Hillman (1989) and Long & Vousden (1991). The modified model incorporates economies of scale in production and cast doubts on viewing trade policy as solely determined by political ideology and re-election motives. Cross-country analyses confirm our predictions and establish that strategic economic as well as political concerns are dominant in trade policy.


Many non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as riboswitches, can fold into alternate native structures and perform different biological functions. The computational prediction of an ncRNA's alternate native structures can be conducted by analyzing the ncRNA's energy landscape. Previously, we have developed a computational approach, RNASLOpt, to predict alternate native structures for a single ncRNA by generating all possible stable local optimal (SLOpt) stack configurations on the ncRNA's energy landscape. In this paper, in order to improve the accuracy of the prediction, we incorporate structural conservation information among a family of related ncRNA sequences to the prediction. We propose a comparative approach, RNAConSLOpt, to produce all possible consensus SLOpt stack configurations that are conserved on the consensus energy landscape of a family of related ncRNAs. Benchmarking tests show that RNAConSLOpt can reduce the number of candidate structures considered compared with RNASLOpt, and can predict ncRNAs' alternate native structures accurately. Availability: Source code and benchmark tests for RNACon-SLOpt are available at http://genome.ucf.edu/RNAConSLOpt.


Objective To investigate the effect of estrogen on mismatch repair(MMR) activity in colonic cells.Methods AT-G mismatch was introduced into the ATG start codon of the enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) gene in pEGFP-N1 plasmid.The MMR activity can be determined by measuring the intensity of the green fluorescence.Colonic cancer cell line SW480 was confected with this mismatched plasmid and different concentrational estrodiol was added into the medium.Then the intensity of the green fluorescence was detected by flow cytometry.Results Estrogen could increase the number of green fluorescent cells and enhance the intensity of the fluorescence.Conclusion Estrogen can up-regulate the MMR activity.


Summary Generation of disomic alien chromosome addition lines and alien chromosome substitution lines is important for genetic research and chromosome engineering. After determining the transmission rates for alien chromosomes, we created five Chinese kale–flowering Chinese cabbage disomic alien addition lines and one substitution line. Transmission rates ranged from 11.46 – 38.18% via the female gametes, and from 4.88 – 12.90% through the male gametes. The disomic addition lines (CC+2A2, CC+2A3, CC+2A6, CC+2A8, and CC+2A9) were produced from selfed progenies of their corresponding monosomic addition lines. The substitution line C1/A9 was also obtained from the selfed progeny of monosomic line CC+A9, following cytological identification and simple sequence repeat DNA marker analysis.


The poor interfacial adhesion between the aramid fiber (AF) and the matrix limits the application of the final composites. In this study, a novel coating method was adopted to modify AF Through metallization/grafting reaction, the copolymer synthesized by the low-temperature poly-condensation of p-phenylenediamine (PPDA), 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) and terephthaloyl dichloride (TPC), was added into the dimethyl sulfoxide/sodium hydride (DMSO/NaH) solution, and a nano AF solution was obtained. Then epoxy groups were introduced to the amide bond by grafting Epichlorohydrin (ECH). By further grafting on Poly (propylene glycol) bis (2-aminopropyl ether) (PEA), more functional groups were introduced, which could increase the polarity of the fiber and the interfacial adhesion of the composites. The results show that not only the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and the flexural strength of the aramid-reinforced composites has a significant increase compared with the untreated fibers, but the modification still maintains the mechanical properties of the fiber, indicating that building nanoscale coating solution is a very effective method to achieve non-destructive modification to ehance its interfacial adhesion with epoxy resin.


Implementations of parallel genetic algorithms (GAs) with multiple populations are common , but they introduce several parameters whose eeect on the quality of the search is not well understood. Parameters such as the number of populations, their size, the topology of communications, and the migration rate have to be set carefully to reach adequate solutions. This paper shows how to predict the eeects of the parallel GA's parameters on its search quality. The analysis considers any number of populations of arbitrary size, and does not place limitations on the topology of communications or the migration rate. The paper reviews some recent results on the case where each population is connected to all the others and the migration rate is set to the maximum value possible. This bounding case is the simplest to analyze, and it introduces the methodology that is used in the remainder of the paper to analyze arbitrary conngurations of parallel GAs. This investigation considers that migration occurs only after each population converges; then incoming individuals are incorporated into the populations and the algorithm restarts. The analysis nds the probability that each population converges to the correct solution after each restart, and also calculates the long-run chance of success.


Pitch period is one of the most important parameters of speech signal. Different form traditional dynamic programming (DP) methods, voiced degree weighted sub-frame octave region parameter DP algorithm is proposed. Judge transition sound by sub-frame energy variation to diminish pitch hopping. Two groups of parameters were extracted within each frame respectively, and the primary pitch and octave region parameter were confirmed as candidates, then DP method in the chosen octave region between sub-frames was executed with voiced degree factor introduced. Experiments based on standard broadcast speech show that algorithm proposed reduces double/semi-double error effectively. The gross error reduced by 3.45% and mean normal error reduced by 35.24%, compared with traditional way.


The characterization of the elastodynamic behaviour and natural frequencies of parallel robots is a crucial point. Accurate elastodynamic models of parallel robots are useful at both their design and control stages in order to define their optimal dimensions and shapes while improving their vibratory behaviour. Several methods exist to write the elastodynamic model of manipulators. However, those methods do not provide a straightforward way to write the Jacobian matrices related to the kinematic constraints of parallel manipulators. Therefore, the subject of this paper is about a systematic method for the determination of the mass and stiffness matrices of any parallel robot in any stationary configuration. The proposed method is used to express the mass and stiffness matrices of the NaVARo, a three-degree-of-freedom planar parallel robot with variable actuation schemes, developed at IRCCyN. Then, its natural frequencies are evaluated and compared with those obtained from both Cast3M software and experimentally.


The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of skill level and age on golfers' (n = 188) use of observational learning for skill, strategy, and performance functions, as assessed by the Functions of Observational Learning Questionnaire. Golf handicap was used as an objective measure of golf skill level, with a lower handicap reflecting a higher skill level. It was hypothesized that both age and skill level would predict observational learning use, with younger and less experienced golfers reporting increased use of all three functions of observational learning. It was also predicted that age and skill level would interact to predict use of the performance function, with younger golfers employing more of that function than older golfers at the same skill level. Partial support was obtained for these hypotheses. Regression analyses revealed that the interaction of age and skill level predicted use of the skill function. Younger golfers employed more of the skill function than older golfers; howev...


yet so connected in business practicality. Together, they focus on shaping, designing, and protecting online documents. Separately, they explore new, yet distinctly different, avenues that better control the creative flow and dissemination of information via the Internet. The first special section studies the emerging protection scheme of digital watermarking by examining many of the new techniques used to authenticate and safeguard intellectual property, including text, audio, and video. The act of translating copyright protection to the digital world has been an exhausting struggle. Artists, authors, musicians, photographers, content creators demand it; yet early attempts did little to thwart online piracy of their work. Today, however, there is a growing number of digital watermarking services and systems that leave visible and invisible embedded stamps of protection on intellectual property. Intel researcher and guest editor Minerva Yeung, whose work in watermarking is cited extensively, leaves her own mark on this special section. She has drawn a top group of experts together to look at watermarking from all sides and to wonder how the technology provides—and sometimes doesn't provide—content protection for copyright owners.


Abstract The setting-out of high rise buildings has always called for extreme precision both in the observations made and the placement and nature of permanent marks used. Concrete has been regarded by surveyors as being extremely stable and an ideal surface for the placement of reference and control marks. Some caution is necessary in the acceptance of the stability of concrete as recent long term observations have shown that reinforced concrete suffers quite large movements due to shrinkage, loading and changes in temperature. This paper explains the nature and uses of reinforced concrete, it gives the results of observations of the movements of the reinforced concrete structural members of the 130m high New South Wales Institute of Technology tower building and it discusses building monitoring projects being undertaken throughout the world.


5 F e b r u a r y 2 0 1 3 T o d a y ' s H o s p i t a l i s t T o d a y ' s H o s p i t a l i s t F e b r u a r y 2 0 1 3 1 9 Darrell Harrington, MD Chief, Division of General Internal Medicine Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles Inpatient pain management is a necessary skill set for all physicians, but it is particularly important for hospitalists working in the inpatient setting. Pain is so pervasive in the hospital setting that it is sometimes referred to as "the fifth vital sign," and a failure to manage pain has important implications not only for hospitalists, but also for the hospitals where they practice. Hospitalists play a critical role not only in comanaging postoperative patients, but they also manage a wide range of conditions in which pain is prevalent, from pancreatitis to small bowel obstructions to sickle-cell disease.


Discover library research tools to help you find articles, books, and other resources related to sport management Tools to find books


The main purpose of this study was to address gaps in existing research by examining the relationship between academic performance and attention problems with juvenile fireset-ting.Two datasets from the Achenbach System for Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) were used. The Factor Analysis Dataset ( N = 975) was utilized and results indicated that adolescents who report lower academic performance are more likely to set fires. Addition-ally, adolescents who report a poor attitude toward school are even more likely to set fires. Results also indicated that attention problems are predictive of self-reported firesetting.The National Survey Dataset ( N = 1158) was analyzed to determine the prevalence of firesetting in a normative sample and also examine whether these children reported higher levels of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. It was found that 4.5% of adolescents in the generalized sample reported firesetting. Firesetters reported more internalizing, externalizing, and total problems than their non-firesetting peers. In this normative sample, firesetters were found to have lower academic performance and more attention problems. Limitations include the low overall number of firesetters in each dataset (Factor Analysis n = 123 and National Survey n = 53) and the inclusion of children who had been referred for services in the Factor Analysis Dataset.


A H E A L T H Y and prudently managed environment is a major benefit to humans and other species. All life on earth obtains its food and other necessities from this environment. Indeed, humans and all living organisms rely on the basic resources found in the earth's environment for their very survival. Paramount among these resources are fertile land, fresh water, energy, and biodiversity. Already the human population is utilizing more than 50 percent of the solar energy captured by all the plant biomass on earth each year (Pimentel et al., 1996a). Humans and other organisms obtain all their food and fiber from this photosynthetic activity.


Dynamic monitoring of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) information is among the most important applications of Earth observation. Using remotely sensed data associated with digital image processing offers more accurate detection of changes in LULC due to its high temporal frequency, synoptic view, spatial and spectral resolution. This study illustrated the spatio-temporal dynamics of LULC of Sanya City, Hainan Province, China by using Chinese high resolution satellite data, GF-1 and GF-2. The GF images cover the area of Sanya city consist of various type of LULC including urban and industrial land, agriculture area, forest and water. The image pre-processing was done, then digital change detection methods based on the unit of image were applied. This study introduces two different change detection methods based on the unit of image analysis; traditional/classical pixel-based, employing an image pixel as fundamental unit of analysis and object-based method which emphasizing, creating image objects by image segmentation and then using them for further classification. The classification method was done based on the land use standard of China, then the change detection results are compared to illustrate the temporal dynamics of LULC in Sanya City.


Background: Cell phones (CP) being used by healthcare providers are emerging as fomites capable of transmitting infections. Studies have shown presence of potentially pathogenic bacterial and fungal contamination of cell phones. Aim: This study was conducted to detect microbial carriage of cellphones of healthcare providers Methodology: CPs of 50 healthcare providers (HCP), comprising doctors of various specialities, nurses and technicians working at various departments/areas of hospital were screened for possible bacterial and fungal contamination. Results: The overall rate of contamination of CPs of HCPs was 94%. Contamination with potential pathogens was found in 76% of CPs. S. aureus was the commonest (18/41) potential pathogen isolated and two CPs were contaminated with Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Candida spp was isolated from 4% of CPs. Rates of contamination with potential pathogens in CPs used by doctors was 85%, nurses 71% and technicians 69%. Rate of contamination with potential pathogens was highest in the CPs used by HCPs having access to wards (89%) followed by OPDs (88%) and OT/ICU (85%). Conclusion: CP contamination with potential human pathogens was common in HCPs working at various areas of the hospital including sensitive areas like OTs and ICUs and also irrespective of professional cadre. Rates of contamination with multi-drug resistant organisms were low in CPs. These findings stress the need for awareness of CPs as fomites, need for strict monitoring of hand hygiene and guidelines for routine decontamination of CPs in hospitals.


In March at a meeting in Hanoi a mid-term review of the first year of a 2-year longitudinal study of depot medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) use in 507 women at 6 study sites in Viet Nam indicated that bleeding and headaches during the first 3 months were of major concern and were major causes of discontinuation. The study was conducted in Ninh Binh and Song Be provinces beginning in June 1996 by the Ministry of Health the National Committee for Population and Family Planning (NCPFP) and the Vietnam Womens Union; the World Health Organization/Human Reproduction Programme (WHO/HRP) the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) GTZ (Vietnam) and ICOMP were also involved. The average age of users was 32.5 years; the average number of living children per woman was 2.8. 83% did not want more children. 97% were Kinh ethnic majority nationals and had attended school. They reported that they were well informed about family planning and sources of supply; sources of family planning information included friends relatives television and health workers. The average number of contraceptive methods used before was 2.4. 67% of the women had used an IUD 21% had used injectables and 36% had used induced abortion or menstrual regulation (MR). 33% were dissatisfied with other methods because of the possibility of unwanted pregnancy. 75% had heard about DMPA before going to clinics; many had decided to use the method because they felt it was safe. In its second phase the study will continue to follow the DMPA users for up to 12 months to determine the continuation rate and the reasons for discontinuation.


Report describes operation of the Dosco continuous miner and discusses possible use of machines of this type on longwall faces in flat-lying coal beds.


The mechanisms and the characteristics of a pyrolytic process of halogen-containing gases are investigated theoretically and experimentally. A calculation method of analyzing chemical reactions on solid surfaces is proposed. The dissociation process of Cl2 and SF6 gas moleculeon a Si (100) surface is investigated by calculating the local energy of the molecule, and a model of the pyrolytic process is proposed. It is confirmed that the dissociation energy of the molecule decreases due to a specific process on the solid surface which can not operate on the oxidized Si surface, and that the dissociation process of CF4 gas molecule is promoted by oxygen gas molecule.


Abstract This article reports on the construction and implementation of a Web-based graduate social policy course. In developing the online teaching strategy, the framework of a constructivist model of computer-mediated instruction was used to conceptualize the design of the course. The author used formative and summative approaches in pilot testing this course in cyberspace, with the intent of teaching it online later as a regularly scheduled semester course. The author contends that careful planning and critical thinking are paramount in computer-mediated instruction, if this method of delivering courses in higher education is to be successful and meaningful.


In this paper we focus on some of the findings of the science education research community in the area of representations and problem solving. Problem solving depends on the construction and manipulation of mental models (internal representations) in the mind. A large knowledge base (declarative, procedural, strategic, situational, and schematic knowledge), working memory capacity, and metacognitive skills play an important role in the construction and manipulation of mental models, and therefore in problem solving. In this point, applications of


http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/300/5625/1538 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/1083592/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/300/5625/1538#related-content http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/300/5625/1538#otherarticles , 7 of which can be accessed for free: cites 25 articles This article 93 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science. cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/300/5625/1538#otherarticles 4 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/atmos Atmospheric Science : subject collections This article appears in the following


In my book-length study of Willa Cather I tried to demonstrate the unusual range and depth of this author's imagination by focusing on the archetypal dimensions of her fictions.' 0 Pioneers!, with its tableau of a new land and its heroic settlers, has the qualities of an epic; My Antonia, with its journey into the author's childhood memories, is a pastoral; The Professor's House, which tells an ugly story of human greed, is largely satiric; while My Mortal Enemy, a tale of self-damnation, Death Comes for the Archbishop, a narrative of saintly love and service, and Shadows on the Rock, a historical novel of penitence and suffering, form something like a "mortal comedy," exploring the whole range of the moral imagination. Willa Cather is viewed in my study as primarily a romantic writer who, like Cooper, Hawthorne, or F. Scott Fitzgerald, gave powerful expression to the American dream of individual freedom and power, and to the artist's struggle to transcend the world through his art. But there is another dimension to Willa Cather's fiction, a strong undercurrent of thought and feeling which turns away from the romantic dreams of selfhood toward the richness and complexity of the perceptual world, and which views art not as the product of self-expression but as a process of sympathy for people, places, and events. Seen from this vantage point Willa Cather belongs with another group of American writers, with the less likely company of Melville, Whitman, Pound, and William Carlos Williams. A clue to this less familiar aspect of Willa Cather's art can be found in her interest in the Indians of the Southwest, for whose various cultures she had such a great affinity. She admired the Indians' communal way of life, their respect for the environment, and the organic forms of their dwellings and their arts. These are attitudes and practices which inform both


This research is conducted in the field of external audit, and presents the results of the work done by audit firms in the private sector of Trujillo city, its importance and its impact on economic and financial results audited companies.
Whether for standard issued by the higher courts or voluntarily entities requiring external audit service, the problem is that despite economic growth in Peru, there is still a culture of spending to hire Societies Auditing and not seen as an investment that will benefit the continuous improvement of the audited companies.
This research aims to "demonstrate that the external audit service affects the strategic management of the audited companies in the private sector of the city of Trujillo - Period 2014", for which for this purpose have been used methods inductive, analytical and dialectical, and techniques such as survey, interviews, document analysis and direct observation.
Through the research results have been obtained, which show that the external audit work positively affects the strategic management of the audited companies in Trujillo city.
In this context, the research concludes that the audited companies should implement the recommendations that are based on external audits, as these indexed on the strategic management of them and contribute to the continuous improvement regarding its excellence, innovation and anticipation.


&NA; The Barthel Index was developed in 1965 by Mahoney and Barthel (1965). The instrument was designed to measure functional ability in daily activities. Since that time, validity and reliability have been measured in a variety of settings. Granger & Greer (1976) adapted the original tool to reflect a more sensitive measure of functional ability and have used the instrument in several studies. A review of the literature pertaining to the studies using the Barthel Index is presented. The studies indicating the validity and reliability of the instrument are discussed first, then studies comparing various indices of functional ability, and finally those studies that compare the Barthel to other measures of disability are presented.


Th e fi rst fairly credible description of a polygraph (lie detector) and the principles of its operation is found in Kryminalistyka, a course book written by Paweł Horoszowski and dating from 1958 (Horoszowski 1958). Th e description is accompanied by the statement that "a lie detector is practically nothing more than a device contributing to the intensifi cation of the atmosphere of intimidation surrounding the interrogated individual" (Horoszowski 1958).


Study of the interrelation of romantic and realistic aspects of Russian literature of the 19th century is a relevant challenge for school. Basing on the early lyrics of M. Lermontov, the article reveals that students of the 9th grade are able to see and realize the complexity and ambiguousness of the poet"s artistic thinking. Correlation of the images of an angel and a demon contributes to the synthesis in readers" valuation, removing formalism and straightness of judgements. In general, students" answers show their ability for philosophical generalizations.


Abstract

Asylum claimants regularly arrive in the UK without corroborating evidence to support their request for refugee protection. Consequently, an assessment of the credibility of the applicant's account of persecution tends to become the focal point of asylum decision-making. In order for an applicant's asylum claim to be assessed as factual, and therefore, credible it must be prepared in a way that conforms to the narrative models in legal discourse and meets the evidential requirements for showing past persecution and a future well-founded fear of persecution. It is for this reason, in part, that the role of legal practitioners becomes crucial. This thesis explores the ways that asylum solicitors deal with the issue of credibility in their daily working practices. It also examines the structural and procedural constraints which affect the working practices of solicitors when representing asylum clients in this way in asylum appeals.

Based on ethnographic research conducted in Glasgow over an eighteen-month period, this thesis considers the ways that asylum solicitors approach credibility when representing asylum clients. This thesis explores the different forms of paid and unpaid labour undertaken by asylum solicitors and analyses how external factors such as legal aid funding arrangements affect the morale and working practices of solicitors who represent asylum claimants. It seeks to argue that a criminalising discourse exists in the asylum and immigration processes in Glasgow. Moreover, it demonstrates that such discourses extend to a cohort of asylum solicitors working in Glasgow and that the culture of disbelief which exists among these solicitors results in them regularly disbelieving their asylum clients' accounts. Finally, by considering proposed changes to funding arrangements in Scotland, which would bring them in line with those in place in England and Wales, this thesis contends that were these arrangements to be introduced this would result in the underrepresentation of, and limited access to justice for, asylum applicants in Scotland.


This research is motivated by the lack of reference regarding waterfront culture for students and practitioners that have an impact on education. Aims of this paper is to explore the reference source for waterfront culture as a waterfront tourist attraction. Researchers use various libraries and some empirical facts related to waterfront culture as data. Analysis of content from various literatures then formulated the element which is the fundamental basis of tourist interest in waterfront tourism is the existence of a waterfront culture in the region.Keywords: Waterfront, Culture, Attraction


The assessment of the explosion hazard of a combustible gas mixture is not a trivial task if the type of combustible gases is not known precisely. Typically, the concentration of combustible gas is defined as the response of a catalytic sensor to its presence in the air. It has been known that catalytic sensors have different sensitivities to different combustible gases. Usually gas analyzers are calibrated by methane and are not suitable for measuring other flammable gases without additional correction for each gas. In this paper, we have investigated the dependency of catalytic sensor sensitivity on the sensor temperature for the binary mixture of methane, propane, butane, hexane and hydrogen with air in a wide temperature range. Based on the obtained dependencies, a measurement algorithm and an empirical equation were proposed that allow calculating the concentration of unknown combustible gas in % of LEL. The process of measuring and processing data can be automated using a digital processor. The experimental results have shown that the concentration measurement error is in the range 5%–10% for binary mixture.


Programmable logic controller (PLC) is always set as a professional course of automation‐related majors in Chinese universities and colleges. Abundant experiments are required to ensure that the students are sufficiently trained to get qualified practical skills and engineering abilities. The evaluation of abundant PLC experiments is a heavy and time‐consuming task, and it is hard to grade an experiment result precisely and fairly. In this paper, a cloud‐based automatic evaluation system for PLC experiments is accordingly proposed to deal with the above problems. Aliyun is employed to build the system platform. During experiments, client threads on the cloud will be scheduled to accesses the on‐site S7‐1500 PLCs through OLE for process control (OPC) UA protocol. Further, an innovative section‐based experiment management method is proposed to make the system open, configurable, and thus extendable. The system relieves the hard work of the teachers on experiment evaluation and provides accurate evaluation conclusions. In contrast, the students can get more comprehensive feedback information and advice from the system to better understand the experiments and the behind principles. The cloud‐based framework, the standard protocol as OPC UA, and the configurability of the system can be good references for other relevant systems.


Hulling of rapeseed leads to hulls as an additional valuable byproduct of rapeseed oil production, containing remarkable concentrations of phytosterols and tocopherols compared to the concentrations in the entire seed and double-pressed kernel. It was shown that the content of these substances in hull oil is significantly higher than in the entire seed. In particular, the sterol concentration with 3% is remarkably high. Another characteristic of hull oil is the high concentration of alpha-tocopherol. Therefore, the hull oil can be an interesting source for sterols and tocopherols, which are used as health promoting additives in food industry. The nanofiltration with organic solvent resistant membranes was tested for the enrichment of these substances. The experiments were performed in a dead-end cell at pressures up to 20 bar at ambient temperature using n-hexane and n-heptane as solvents. Fluxes of pure solvent and solutions of triglycerides and sterols were determined. Rejections of sterols and triglycerides were measured in binary (solvent-sterol or solvent-oil) and ternary (solvent-sterol-oil) solute solvent systems. A five-fold increase in sterol concentration in the solvent free permeate was possible with a single nanofiltration step. After removal of the solvent from the permeate, sterol crystallization was observed. Further investigations have to be done to optimize membrane separation and coupling with a crystallization of sterols.

Practical Applications: The hull fraction of rapeseed can be used as a source for phytosterols and tocopherols which are both food additives. Thus, in addition to the advantages with respect to the quality of the oil and protein, hulling leads to additional valuable products, which are oil fractions rich in sterols and tocopherols. The feasibility of an organic solvent nanofiltration process for the separation between unsaponifiables and oil is demonstrated.


Finite difference equations are derived for solving Laplace's equation it a mulitidielectric region. The equations have been programmed for the digital computer and provide a final output consistitg of a plot of the boundaries and equipotentials.


On the occasion of its 40th anniversary in June 2007, the National Association of Railroad Passengers (NARP) announced a vision for the next 40 years that foresees a nationwide "grid and gateway" network of passenger rail, developed by merging data on existing and planned infrastructure with travel demand data, and enabled by a partnership between federal, state, and regional governments and the private freight railroad companies that own the majority of rail lines in America. NARP's vision is for enhanced and comprehensive federal investment in upgrading rail lines used by freight railroads with the stipulation that -- as a condition of capital improvements -- appropriate rail routes would be made amenable to efficient, affordable, and reliable passenger rail. NARP's vision relies on existing assets, connects major population centers, brings parity to transportation options, improves energy efficiency, reduces negative environmental impacts, responds to traveler demands, and addresses current and future transportation crises. With Americans facing record gas prices, roadway and airway gridlock, and concerns about fuel efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions, the need to invest in our nation's rail system is critical to our future quality of life and competitive position in a global economy.


Modern translations of the New Testament are united in understanding the phrase πίστις Χριστοû to mean 'faith in Christ'. In recent years, however, an increasing number of scholars have been advocating the interpretation of πίστις Χριστοû which takes it as a subjective rather than an objective genitive, and understands the phrase as a reference to Christ's own faith or faithfulness. Indeed, there has been so much support for this view in North America that one recent exponent wrote: 'The correctness of the translation of πίστις Iησοû Χριστοû as the " faith or faithfulness of Jesus Christ" has by now been too well established to need any further support.' If he is right, then there is little need for this paper. But I suspect that there is still a large body of opinion, especially on this side of the Atlantic, which holds to the more traditional interpretation. Indeed, those commentators who mention the suggestion tend to dismiss it in a footnote. Thus it would be fairer to say that if any kind of conclusion has been reached, it is that the question is one which cannot be settled on the basis of appeals to grammatical construction alone. This issue can be settled only by exegesis, and because New Testament scholars approach the texts with widely differing presuppositions, they are likely to interpret the phrase in very different ways.


The utility model relates to a controller, in particular to an intelligent controller of a breaker. The intelligent controller of the breaker comprises an input and output module, a human-computer interface module and a communication interface. A signal processing chip ARM is respectively connected with the input and output module, the human-computer interface module and the communication interface, practical working data of the breaker is collected through the signal processing chip ARM. The intelligent controller of the breaker further comprises a signal adjusting module and an alternating load module, the alternating load module is connected with the signal adjusting module, and the alternating load module converts an input alternating high-voltage and a high-current to a low-voltage signal and a low-current signal for dispose of the signal adjusting module. The signal adjusting module is connected with an AD port of the signal processing chip ARM, a voltage current signal input by the alternating load module is further processed to a signal which can be received by an AD port of the signal processing chip ARM. The controller is reasonable in design, clear in operation and data display and solves problems that an average over current controller cannot detect an over current intellectually and the like.


Background: Obesity is a risk factor for heart failure (HF), particularly HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but it is unknown which measures of adiposity are most predictive of HF. Methods: We studied 1,747 MESA participants without baseline cardiovascular disease (CVD) who underwent anthropometric measurements [body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC)], serum insulin and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin) measurements, and an abdominal CT. Subcutaneous and visceral fat area (cm3) were measured from a single CT slice at L2-L3. We used Cox proportional-hazard models to estimate risk of incident overall HF and HFpEF outcomes for each adiposity measure (per 1 SD). Results: Over 9 (SD 2.2) years of follow-up, there were 61 HF and 26 HFpEF events. Participant mean age was 64.6 (SD 9.6) years and 49% were men. All adiposity measures were more strongly associated with HFpEF than overall HF. In models adjusted for demographics and lifestyle factors, anthropometric-mea...


Stirred Tank Reactors (STR) are widely used in the chemical industry. When these tanks are used for highly exothermic reactions, a jacket or coils are employed for heat removal. Inner coils are used to supply additional heat transfer surfaces in stirred tanks when the needed heat generation or removal is too great. One major problem associated with inner coils is that they provide resistance or blockage to flow, reducing the effective flow circulation within the reactor. The aim of this work is to obtain a CFD model for these systems in order to improve their design. In the first part of the work a methodology is proposed to obtain a CFD Nusselt correlation according to the work by Oldshue and Gretton (1954). After this step, the design proposed by Pedrosa and Nunhez (2003) will be simulated and compared to the geometry by Oldshue and Gretton (1954). Preliminary results indicate that the CFD model reproduces the correlation by Oldshue and Gretton (1954).


Based on our previous successful material-level verification of a shape-memory polymer composite (SMPC) on the SJ-17 geostationary satellite on a geostationary orbit since November 2016, a structur...


Abstract—In this paper we propose a discrete tracking control of nonholonomic mobile robots with two degrees of freedom. The electromechanical model of a mobile robot moving on a horizontal surface without slipping, with two rear wheels controlled by two independent DC electric, and one front roal wheel is considered. We present backstepping design based on the Euler approximate discretetime model of a continuous-time plant. Theoretical considerations are verified by numerical simulation.


The Hamiltonian structure of the spin generalization of the rational Ruijsenaars-Schneider model is found by using the Hamiltonian reduction technique. It is shown that the model possesses current algebra symmetry. The possibility of generalizing the obtained Poisson structure to the trigonometric case is discussed and degeneration to the Euler-Calogero-Moser system is examined.


This paper describes the relationship between the employee and the organisational culture in a company. It places particular focuson the characteristics of today's employees, resulting from the typology of current working generations and highlights the characteristicfeatures of baby boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. The practical part of this paper characterises employees andHR policies of two groups operating in the mining industry – Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa SA and Lubelski Węgiel Bogdanka SA.


Of all the New Testament books, the Letter to the Hebrews emphasizes the function of God as the builder the most. This article analyzes only verse 3 : 4. Both the Polish and English translations of Hebrews 3:4 apply the term "builder" or the active participle of "to build" to God.  In the way of contextual analysis, the author justifies a translation of Hebrews 3 : 4 that emphasizes God's conceptual design in creating the universe.


Perylene derivatives are industrially important pigments used not only as colorants, but also as materials for optical disks and photoconductors for electrophotographic photoreceptors. These pigments cover a variety of shades in the solid state from vivid red, via maroon to black, although their molecular absorption spectra are quite similar in solution. The color generation mechanism has therefore been investigated in three representative pigments (PR149, PR179, and PB31) with special attention to the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions. The color in the solid state is mostly determined by two absorption bands in the visible region:  one is of molecular character and is due to nonresonance interactions, whereas the other is caused by interactions between transition dipoles. The red color (PR149) appears as a result of insignificant resonance interactions, whereas the colors of maroon (PR179) and black (PB31) are characterized by medium and strong interactions, respectively.


EEG and fMRI research into the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), mostly concerns our everyday waking consciousness, a dynamic neuronal balance between sensory inputs from the outer world, from our body via the brain stem, against a background of innumerable past experiences held in short and long-term memory, including their value to the "I" or "self", and to current needs or actions. We refer to this as sensory consciousness. When the personal component of this complex disengages, as in deep sleep, coma, anaesthesia and some pathological states, the dynamic balance is drastically disrupted; most often replaced by high-voltage slow waves (SWs) or seizure-like phenomena in the EEG. In jhāna meditation (normally translated as "absorption"), the personal component is withdrawn deliberately, evoking EEG responses for some meditators remarkably similar (but with significant differences) to nREM sleep; intense SWs, including travelling SWs, spindles, and in some cases spike-wave complexes. In sleep and epilepsy studies such phenomena are generally regarded as involuntary states of unconsciousness, or very limited consciousness. The observation of similar activity in meditators, whose subjective experience is of a still and intense awareness, far from unconsciousness, raises intriguing questions about consciousness, and the related neural networks.


Using geostatistical and GIS methods,a case study on the wetland plant community area in the Baidu port of Taihu lake was conducted to examine the artificial plant community for influence of spatial distribution of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP) and available phosphorus(AP) in the sediments.Interception and sedimentation effect of the different plant communities was illustrated to provide the scientific basis on Taihu Lake water pollution control and wetland environment protection and restoration.The results showed:(1)in the studied area,variation scopes of TN,TP and AP were 0.37~5.42 g/kg,1.01~9.06 g/kg and 150~760 mg/kg,respectively.They all had moderate variability in the space.(2)Phragmites australis community was the best for effect of intercept and sediment for N,P.Typha latifolia community,Zizania caduciflora community,Nelumbo nucifera community and the submerged plant community were different because of density,area of distribution and original biology characteristics.But they were the better than the contrasted area.


Trials in surgery pose some special problems. This paper examines these with reference to 10 years of methodological research sponsored by the UK National Health Service Research and Development programme.


A modified three-dimensional (3D) Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm for phase-only holograms in holographic displays is proposed. Numerical and experimental results indicate that compared with the traditional 3D GS algorithm, image-quality difference in the proposed method is reduced by four orders of magnitude, while the average image-quality is increased by 28.7%.


After the Cold War, Taiwan authorities deliberately conducted frequent exchanges with the ASEAN nations and their economic and political relations were greatly upgraded. Taiwan issue was in fact an obstacle between China and ASEAN countries. The development of the relations between Taiwan and ASEAN was closely related to the international situation at that time, mainly for economic reason and because of the strategy held by ASEAN. Much negative impact came out on the relationship between China and ASEAN nations and on China's peaceful reunification of the motherland, which increased the diplomatic costs for China. China should seize the opportunity of its establishing free trade zone with ASEAN to settle almost all the problems left over from the past generations.


Excited-state properties of molecules play a pivotal role in understanding their photophysical and photochemical behaviors. With the fast development of computational methodologies, the low-lying states of biorelated systems have been extensively investigated theoretically. Here, we review our recent works on the excited states of selected nucleobases and their related systems in the gas and condensed phases. The simulated electronic spectra of coumarin reproduce the band shape of experimental spectra and provide a basis to reasonably assign the observed bands. The absorption spectra and the excited-state dynamics of nucleic acid bases and their analogs in the gas phase and in aqueous solution have been explored by the combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations and QM/MM-based dynamics simulations with surface hopping. Based on extensive calculations and dynamics simulations, the solvent effects on the excited states and their dynamical behaviors have been discussed. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


behalf Crohn's cessation of smoking and alcohol; no mechanical bowel preparation; clear fluids allowed up to 2 h and solids up to 6 h before induction of anaesthesia; use of well-fitting compression stockings, intraoperative intermittent pneumatic compression, and pharmacological prophylaxis with low-molecu-lar-weight heparin; antibiotic prophylaxis; and early ambulation. Extended VTE prophylaxis is also recommended for 28 days in patients with IBD. 56 Colectomy, but not a defunctioning stoma formation, has been shown to be a growth-promoting strategy in children. Resectional surgery, especially in early to mid puberty, has been demonstrated to allow catch-up height. 162 This has been demonstrated for all surgical resections in CD, most notably for ileo-caecal resection, 34 but this applies to colectomy as well. Surgery in early or mid puberty in patients refractory to medical treatment has resulted in improved linear growth. 162 Surgery later in puberty has not been shown to have the same beneficial impact on height. 163 Growth promotion is one indication for surgery, but the timing of a colectomy for an adolescent should also take into account individual factors like the timing of their examinations, disease phenotype, and current and previous medical treatments.