Abstract We determine integral formulas for the meromorphic extension in the λ-parameter of the spherical functions ϕλ on a noncompactly causal symmetric space. The main tool is Bernstein's theorem on the meromorphic extension of complex powers of polynomials. The regularity properties of ϕλ are deduced. In particular, the possible λ-poles of ϕλ are located among the translates of the zeros of the Bernstein polynomial. The translation parameter depends only on the structure of the symmetric space. The expression of the Bernstein polynomial is conjectured. The relation between the Bernstein polynomial and the product formula of the cΩ-function is analyzed. The conjecture is verified in the rank-one case. The explicit formulas obtained in this case yield a detailed description of singularities of ϕλ. In the general higher rank case, the integral formulas are applied to find asymptotic estimates for the spherical functions. In the Appendix, the spherical functions on noncompactly causal symmetric spaces are regarded as a special instance of Harish-Chandra-type expansions associated with roots systems with arbitrary multiplicities. We study expansions obtained by taking averages over arbitrary parabolic subgroups of the Weyl group of the root system. The possible λ-singularities are located in this general context.


The battery is the most common method of energy storage in all systems. Today, lithium-ion is the fastest growing and most promising battery chemistry as lithium is the lightest of all metals, has the greatest electrochemical potential and provides the largest energy density for weight. In the design of battery supplyed devices, monitoring the amount of electric charge in the battery is very important. Its role is that of assuring the optimum amount of energy that can be extracted from the battery, which is realised by monitoring the charge/discharge processes. In this paper a model was developed to estimate a battery's state of charge and voltage. The model was conducted on a GP lithium-ion battery.


The aim of the present study was to identify the medication errors, to classify and analyze it according to NCCMERP index and PCNE
categorization and to elucidate the need for constant monitoring for medication errors in the tertiary are hospital setting. AMethodology:
prospective observational study was conducted in the inpatients of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 1 year from January 2021 to December
2021. Out of 2968 prescriptions and 1200 cases audited, 206 medication errors were observed. Majority of errors was observed in malesResults:
than in females. Prescription errors(28.64%) most frequently occurred error followed by transcription errors (27.66%). Drug-drug
interactions(16.94%) and drug-food interactions (6.77%) were also detected. 7.76% of administration errors were identied along with 19.90%
of documentation errors, 5.33% of dispensing errors, 18 (8.73%) of omission errors . The frequency of indenting errors was negligible (2.91%).
According to NCCMERP classication of medication errors, the error severity distribution was: no error (46.60%); error, no harm (50.01%); error,
harm (3.39%), error, death (0%).
Conclusion: The ndings of this study concludes that prescription errors were identied as most frequently occurring medication errors with
incorrect drug selection, dose related errors and drug-drug interactions being more prevalent. Majority of the errors found belongs to the Category
C. The study highlights the importance of constant review of les in order to identify medication errors.


Despite the social realities of job seeking, few studies have addressed how and why employment information received by other people affects organizational attraction. This chapter first discusses the characteristics of word-of-mouth as a recruitment source and then provides a systematic review of its determinants and outcomes studied in previous research. An integrative model of word-of-mouth is developed that synthesizes prior research findings and highlights key directions for future research. This model proposes that characteristics of the recipient (e.g., personality), source (e.g., expertise), and organization (e.g., employer brand) can determine the use of word-of-mouth as a recruitment source as well as moderate its effects. The model further suggests that word-of-mouth affects both individual job search outcomes and organizational pre-hire and post-hire recruitment outcomes. The accessibility-diagnosticity model and the source credibility framework are discussed as theoretical perspectives explaining these effects. Finally, several strategies are discussed that organizations can implement for managing word-of-mouth.


Due to industrial importance of gears in power transmission systems, fault detection and diagnosis of gear transmission systems have attracted considerable attention in recent years, there is constant pressure to improve measuring techniques and tools for early detection and diagnosis of gearbox faults. The time and frequency localization properties of continuous wavelet transform offers a viable and improved option for analyzing the transient characteristics of defect signals. This paper presents comparison between conventional technique and Morlet Wavelet Transform. A fault diagnosis set up is used to acquire signals from healthy as well faulty condition. The vibration signals are acquired from gearbox test rig with the help of FFT analyzer under healthy and seeded faulty gear conditions. Finally, based on the results and discussion a roadmap for development of CWT based diagnostic application is presented Keywords— Continuous wavelet transform, Vibration analysis.


Low loss Fiber Optic Cable is being evaluated as a potential future replacement for Kennedy Space Center's 13,000 mile Wideband cable system. In order to make economical use of the wide bandwidth characteristic of glass fibers, a Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) scheme has been devised to stack many analog and digital data channels on a single fiber. The Multiplexed Optical Transmission System (MOTS) will offer a unique flexibility of plug-in modularity to meet changing data and bandwidth requirements in addition to the standard "goodies" of immunity to lightning and other RFI type interferences. and of smaller size and lighter weight.


The Matsuno-Gill model has been widely used to study the tropical large-scale circulations and atmosphere-ocean interactions. However, a common critique of this model is that it requires a very strong damping to get realistic response and it is unclear what could provide such damping in the upper troposphere. This study analyzed the momentum budget in the tropics using 15 years of daily NCEP/NCAR and ECMWF reanalyses. The results show that in the Walker circulation, the pressure gradient force is strong at both the lower and upper levels, and requires a strong (5̃ day) damping to balance it. This supports the use of strong damping in the Matsuno-Gill type models. At the upper levels, the damping comes from CMT in the deep convection region, and from nonlinear advection in the shallow convection region, At the lower levels above the boundary layer, the damping comes from CMT in both regions. Damping is also strong in the Asian summer monsoon, and in oscillations such as the ENSO and the MJO. DATASETS AND METHODOLOGY The datasets used include 15 years (1979-1999) of daily reanalyses data from two different centers: NCEP (Kalnay et al. 1996) and ECMWF (the ERA15 reanalysis, Gibson et al. 1999) The variables used include upper air wind, geopotential height, and vertical pressure velocity on pressure surfaces. The horizontal resolution is 2.5 degree longitude e by 2.5 degree latitude. The zonal momentum budget is calculated for both reanalyses following Carr and Bretherton (2001), based on the zonal momentum equation:


The International Summer School on Vacuum, Electron and Ion Technologies (VEIT) has been organized biennially since 1977, when the VEIT Summer School series was launched by the Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The aim was to act as a forum for the exchange and dissemination of knowledge and ideas on the latest developments in electron-, ion- and plasma-assisted technologies. The organizers of the 2011 edition of the event were the Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria and the Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Whilst the school initially provided a meeting place for researchers mainly from Eastern and Central European countries, its importance has grown issue by issue. The school is now a major scientific event and a meeting place for young scientists from Eastern and Western Europe involved in research and development associated with high-tech industries. Many former school participants have gone on to become leading scientists in research establishments and companies throughout the world. Leading international companies, such as High Voltage Engineering, Balzers, Varian, and Hauzer have used the VEIT forum to present their products through oral presentations, poster contributions and exhibits. The School Proceedings have been published in special issues of the international journals Vacuum, Plasma Processes and Polymers and Journal of Physics: Conference Series. The Seventeenth edition of VEIT was held in the Black Sea resort of Sunny Beach, Bulgaria on 19–23 September 2011. It was attended by 96 participants from 18 countries: Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, The Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK and USA. Following the tradition of publishing the VEIT Proceedings, a selection of papers presented at the event is published in this special issue of Journal of Physics: Conference Series, under the originality and quality criteria of acceptance by the journal, including peer reviewing. The school comprised thirteen plenary and three poster sessions. At the plenary sessions, 21 invited talks of general interest were presented by highly-renowned international experts in the field, as well as thirteen progress reports by young scientists. In total, 60 contributed papers were presented during the poster sessions. There were several scientific highlights, covering the fundamentals of interaction of fast particles with solids, and challenging practical applications. These ranged from novel techniques for creating hard coatings, optical/protective layers and biocompatible materials, to nanosized structures produced by evaporation, sputtering or external irradiation. The latest results were presented on ion-beam synthesis and modification in both low-energy (deposition and film growth) and high-energy (sputtering, implantation) regimes, the processing of solid materials aimed at surface patterning, and the creation of nanophase systems for electronic or tribological/wear resistant applications. Despite the busy scientific program, the atmosphere was relaxed and informal. The early afternoons of most conference days were free to stimulate both scientific and social interaction between participants, which often took place on the beach. The social program included a welcome party, an official dinner, and an outing to historical landmarks in the vicinity of Nessebar. VEIT 2011 owes its success to many people. The International Advisory Committee shaped the scientific program and ensured high-quality plenary presentations by their careful selection of the invited speakers. The Local Committee bore the brunt of the organization, both at the conference site and in dealing with correspondence, abstracts, and manuscripts for these proceedings. We are grateful to our sponsor, the Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, for its generosity that enabled us to support the attendance of students, and provided support dealing with mailing, printing, renting the conference site, etc. We are also grateful to the members of the International Advisory Committee: G Dinescu, A Ehiasarian, N Guerassimov, D Mataras, W Möller, I Petrov, Z Petrovic, B Rauschenbach, M C M (Richard) van de Sanden and M Ürgen, for their continuous concern for the high scientific level and the future of the event, and for their contribution to the development of a new generation of scientists and experts in the field. And, last but not least, we would also like to thank all authors for their valuable contributions to these proceedings and to the school, and all reviewers for their hard and tedious, but very important, work. The next conference in the series will be held in September 2013. M C M van de Sanden, Miglena Dimitrova and Chavdar Ghelev Guest Editors


This paper focuses on the maximum generation issue. Molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to search the minimum energy configurations of eight types of structurally related polysilane dendrimers of various generations. Calculations reveal that for the studied dendrimers, the innermost Si–Si bonds adjoining the silicon atom at the center of the core structure are extended for steric relief with the amount of extension increasing with the number of generations due to the rise of the spatial hindrance inside these molecules.


In these days of library schools and library training, many of you will doubtless look upon my remarks as a needless repetition of some of the elements of library technic ;but I should liketocall your attention to certain general principles applicable to such work. Our aim should be to make the resources of the libary fully and clearly available and afford prompt service, but at the lowest possible cost of the library consistent with good service. Large collections of books and pamphlets can have their greatest value only when they are so arranged as to be fully available for the public and put in such shape as to be cared for properlv by the libary staff. No matter how small the librarv, it is well to remember that money, time and labor will always be saved if proper methods of work are adopted in the beginning. The small library of today is the large one of tomorrow. Expert library workers are apt to forget that their catalogs and classification schemes are for the use of the public and consequently. should be made as simple as possible consistent with good work. Librarians should bear in mind that their institutions are being maintained for the public and not for the staff. Be open to suggestions and prepared to make use of any good ideas that may come to your notice, but beware of making radical innovations in your methods. A definite working policy should be formulated and inside this policy heads of departments should be allowed some initiative and made responsible for their work, subject to supervision by the Librarian. By good methods and system efficiently applied the reader is satisfied, the attendance not overworked and the library safeguarded by proper records. Accessioning, shelf-listing, cataloging and classifying are the four important operations in preparing material for use in the librarv. Accessioning and shelf-listing are the means used to keep track of the books in the library, while cataloging and classifying serve to make the material available to the public. The accession record is no longer universally considered essential. The A. L. A. in 1917 found that 35 out of 130 libraries reporting on this question had discarded the use of accession numbers. It is usually con-


The complexity of aviation product manufactures is analyzed in the paper.Because of changes of produce models and the shortage of artificial intelligence(AI) in the process quality diagnosis(PQD),rough set(RS) is presented for PQD of aviation products to satisfy the demands arising from the complexity.The advantages of RS are discussed in the sample.


The structure and thermal response of amorphous ion tracks formed along the [112¯0], [101¯0], and [0001]-directions in crystalline quartz have been investigated using small angle x-ray scattering. The radii of the ion tracks vary by about 5% (0.3 nm) for tracks along different crystallographic directions. Molecular dynamics simulations reproduce this anisotropy along the [101¯0] and [0001] directions and suggest that differences in thermal conductivity along these directions are partly responsible for this observation. Using in situ annealing, tracks along the [101¯0] and [0001] directions were shown to recrystallize during thermal annealing around 960–1020 °C with activations energies around 6 eV, while those along the [112¯0]-direction already disappeared at 640 °C with a significantly lower activation energy around 3–4 eV.


After much contested debates, the 1997 revision of the Anti-monopoly Law finally lifted the ban on the creation of holding companies for the first time in half of a century. The reason why it took as long as 50 years seems to lie in the Japan-specific historical backgrounds. They are the critical influences of prewar zaibatsu over the postwar economy and the unique understanding about the so-called Konzern (corporate agglomeration). Theoretically speaking, holding companies have two major functions. Holding companies in Japan, however, have long been regarded as just means of concentrating economic powers. They have been easily associated with prewar gigantic zaibatsu structures, and that is why they had been prohibited such a long time. But nowadays it is important to recognize they have another significant function, that is, the reorganization of corporate internal structures. This paper intends to survey the prewar debates on holding companies and Konzern as well, pursuing after how the Japan-specific historical backgrounds emerged since the 1930s. This article will also examine how much the second function of holding companies was ignored in the prewar debates.


With the rolling development of Suqiao-Wenan Oilfield, the original small treatment station-Station Wen 11, cannot satisfy production requirements. It is necessary to reform and expand the crude oil storage and treatment capacity, water-injection capability and natural gas treatment capacity, on the basis of the original construction; establish new crude oil treatment, fire-fighting and heating systems, as well as supporting systems like crude oil loading and unloading, automatic monitoring and cathodic protection systems, to form a medium-sized centralized oil-gas-water treatment station with complete functions. This paper introduces design, implementation and application effect of the process automation system after Station Wen 11 undergoes reconstruction and expansion.


The aim of this research was to study how pupils in the ninth grade in elementary school in Sweden choose their further education in the Swedish "gymnasium" and if anything influences them in their decision. I did my research at two schools in Helsingborg: "Magnus Stenbocksskolan" located in a so called "rich" area and "Gustav Adolfsskolan" located in a more "poor" area where many people of foreign origin lives. My main questions was if I could see any differences between different groups when it came to their choice of gymnasium programs, and if so - what things could possibly have influenced them? The study was based on a qualitative method with interviews with pupils, schoolteachers and vocational guides combined with some quantitative data I used as a background to my main study. As an theoretical perspective I used the theories of Bourdieu, and I also compared my study with earlier research projects. The result was that like earlier studys had shown, different factors like gender, parents, friends, family economy and education level of the parents, school milieu and housing could more or less affect school achievement and the choice of further education.


We develop a model that quantifies constitutive nonlinearities and hysteresis inherent to ferroelastic compounds, with emphasis placed on shape memory alloys. We formulate the model in two steps. First, we use the Landau theory of phase transitions to characterize the effective Gibbs free energy for single-crystal and polycrystalline ferroelastics. The resulting nonlinear equations model equilibrium material behavior in the absence of impurities. Second, we incorporate pinning losses to account for the energy required to move domain walls across material inclusions. The full model is analogous to those developed by Jiles and Atherton for ferromagnetic compounds and Smith and Hom for ferroelectric materials. We illustrate aspects of the model through numerical simulations and comparisons with experimental stress-strain data.


With the fast progress of deep neural networks and the quick search efficiency of hashing, deep cross-modal hashing (CMH) methods have obtained more and more attention. Generally speaking, the existing CMH methods simultaneously learn hash functions and hash codes in an end-to-end architecture. However, they mostly focus on the hash codes generation stage neglected the losing of rich semantic information in the hash representations learning stage. Besides, the multi-label constraint is ignored, and the single-label criterion is leveraged. Thus, we propose a novel Deep Semantic Preserving Attention-based Hashing (DSPAH) for cross-modal retrieval. In the DSPAH, we first use a cross-level attention block to emphasize meaningful parts of hash representations and oversee unnecessary ones. Moreover, a Fine-Grained Similarity Criterion (FGSC) is proposed to explore the multiple semantic of image or text instances, helping to learn robust and optimal hash codes. Extensive experiment results on two large-scale public datasets have shown the competition of our proposed DSPAH.


In this study, the chemical composition, fiber morphology, pulp, and paper properties of the pomegranate tree (Punica granatum L.) were determined. Stem and branch wood were analyzed separately. Kraft and kraft- anthraquinone (AQ) methods were used for the pulping processes. Stem wood showed superiority to branch wood with longer, wider, thicker-walled fibers. The holocellulose, α-cellulose, and lignin contents of branch and stem wood were 72.98%-73.50%, 38.37%-39.92%, and 21.04%-25.29%, respectively. In addition, the yield of kraft pulp made from stem wood was higher than that of branch wood. However, branch wood handsheets had higher strength properties and brightness than those of stem wood handsheets.


This paper repor ts updated astrometr ic measurements for 10 visual double stars located between 0 and -20 degrees declination and with magnitude between 10 and 12. Measurements were obtained using a 20 cm Ritchey–Chrétien telescope and CCD camera with photometric V filter and data reduction using PixinsightTM software. Vol. 13 No. 1 January 1, 2017 Page 91 Journal of Double Star Observations Crystal Lake Observatory Double Star Measurements: Report #1 An example of the output file from Pixinsight is shown in Figure 1. The CATRA and CATDEC values are the equatorial J2000 coordinates of the star taken from the UCAC3 catalog. IMGX and IMGY are the center (in pixels) of the star as determined from the PSF model. The IMGRA and IMGDEC values are the equatorial J2000 coordinates calculated using the plate solution and image distortion model from the plate solve process and the pixels coordinates from the PSF process. Pixinsight also annotates a copy of the image to show the detected stars (Figure 2). The primary star is the brighter one, the bottom star in Figure 2. Given the orientation of the camera, the position angle is measured counter clockwise with 0 at the bottom. In this case, the position angle is slightly past 180 degrees (the measured value is 187 degrees). Determination of separation (ρ) and position angle (θ) The final step uses a custom software program written by Crystal Lake Observatory to calculate the separation and position angle of the double star. There are two commonly used methods for calculating the separation and position angle using a CCD camera, (a) rectangular method using the pixel coordinates of the star centers, and (b) equatorial method using the calculated equatorial coordinates of the two stars. The two methods will normally result in equivalent results, but the equatorial method will account for any distortion of the image if the stars being measured are not near the center of the image, which could affect the accuracy of the measure. Therefore it was decided to use the equatorial method, although in this dataset all stars were located near the center of the image. From the Pixinsight output file, IMGRA and IMGDEC are used to calculate the astrometric measures using the following two formulas (Greaney, 2015) The last equation places the position angle in the correct quadrant given the orientation of the camera on this system. The Besselian date is calculated using the midpoint of the Julian date between the first and last image of the dataset: An audit trail of the entire process is saved with the raw images and provides a way to trace back the process and results for any given measurement. The audit trail includes:  Raw images  Calibrated images  Calibrated image with plate solve parameters  Detected stars images  Output csv file from the Aperture Photometry script  Output csv file from CLO Post Processor program Measurements Ten stars are measured and presented (Table 1). The column 'n' is the number of nights images were recorded. The column 'm' is the total number of meas319 223 Bounds 121.289596 16.058374 121.950322 15.582232 Aperture 16 1 1 Background ring window 20 40 DATE_OBS NAME FILTER CATRA CATDEC 2457474.8 3UCAC149-096628 Johnson V 121.316771 15.619054 IMGRA IMGDEC IMGX IMGY f.mag BKGROUND BGSTDDEV BGRJCT 121.316804 15.618982 141.107 2326.478 8.436 142.7808 21.13574 0.1614 PSF_A PSF_SIGMAX PSF_SIGMAY PSF_THETA PSF_MAD FLUX16 SNR16 FLAG 0.7510268 5.10854291 4.61938076 177.80477 1.16E-02 1037774.2 977.2975 0 Figure 1. Example of the output file from Pixinsight. See text. Figure 2. BVD 97. This cropped image is extracted from the detected stars images created by Pixinsight during the aperture photometry processing step. arccos[sin( )sin( ) cos( )cos( )cos( )] primaryDEC secondaryDEC primaryDEC secondaryDEC secondaryRA primaryRA     arctan 2{[cos( )cos( )sin( ) ], [sin( ) cos( )sin( )]} if 0.0 then 2.0 primaryDEC secondaryDEC secondaryRA primaryRA secondaryDec primaryDEC             1900.0 (( 2 1) 1) 2415020.31352 / 365.242198781 BD jd jd jd      Vol. 13 No. 1 January 1, 2017 Page 92 Journal of Double Star Observations Crystal Lake Observatory Double Star Measurements: Report #1 urements (i.e., number of images measured). Ideally, m should be twenty times n, but some images were rejected due to clouds or tracking errors. The column 'σ θ' is the standard deviation in position angle measured in degrees. The column 'σ ρ' is the standard error in separation measured in arc-seconds. The statistics are calculated on the entire dataset and not on an individual night. For example, for HJ 775 the mean and standard deviation are calculated from 17 measurements, and for HJ 131 from 113 measurements. Discussion One of the objectives of this first dataset is to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the methodology and look at changes to improve the efficiency of available telescope time. A baseline was established by taking twenty images of each double star and repeating this on several nights. This resulted in a mean standard deviation of 0.02 arcseconds for separation and 0.05 degrees for position angle across the entire dataset. To check the accuracy of the measurements, the statistics could be calculated for each night across the twenty images and an average and standard deviation of the means calculated across all of the observing nights. The standard deviation of the means would then indicate a level of confidence in the mean. Using the data from WHC 9, Table 2 shows the mean and standard deviation for the position angle and separation across all nine observing nights. The 'All images per night' column uses all of the images from each night to calculate the statistics. The results show excellent consistency across the observing nights with a standard deviation of the means well below the standard deviation of the samples for any given night. This indicates that one night's data could be used to derive an accurate measure of the star. The '10 images per night' columns calculate the statistics based on using the first ten images recorded that night. The data shows there would be very little change in accuracy or precision in reducing the number of images from twenty to ten. The '5 images per night' columns calculate the statistics based on using the first 5 images recorded that Name WDS Date θ ρ n m σ θ σ ρ Notes HJ 775 08053-1549 2016.237 178.12 11.27 1 17 0.07 0.04 HJ 131 09201-0136 2016.263 123.30 16.27 6 113 0.06 0.02 1 J 1558 09466-0504 2016.282 169.85 11.10 5 96 0.06 0.01 ARA 411 10289-1927 2016.300 329.04 12.67 9 168 0.05 0.01 LDS 294 09593-1956 2016.278 169.67 24.25 7 140 0.03 0.01 BVD 97 11544-2046 2016.304 186.97 30.31 7 133 0.02 0.01 2 WHC 9 11225-1028 2016.306 179.07 10.59 9 151 0.08 0.02 3 BAL1162 12432+000


Rao PM, Rhea JT, Novelline RA, et al. Effect of computed tomography of the appendix on treatment of patients and use of hospital resources. N Engl J Med 1998;338:141–6.


Trans‐catheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) with the Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO) device is safe and effective, but concern over erosions has increased. Devices are placed in growing children but septal growth after ASOs is ill‐defined. Understanding the device relationship to cardiac structures as a child grows may help us understand erosions. Objective: To define (1) how preprocedural septal measurements change after ASO and (2) the effect of somatic growth on these dimensions. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively. Echocardiograms were reviewed and rims measured prior to ASO, immediately after ASO, and at follow‐up. Demographic, procedural and device data were collected. Results: Thirty‐three patients were enrolled; mean age 5.2 ± 3.2 years with 4.0 ± 2.2 years follow‐up. All septal measurements decreased after ASO. Thirty‐one of 33 devices (94%) contacted the aortic root after ASO; all remained in contact at follow‐up with only the IVC rim growing significantly over time. Change in BSA predicted an asymmetric septal growth with increases in superior (P = 0.01) and IVC (P = 0.005) rims and no increase in aortic or AVV rims. No episodes of erosion occurred. Conclusions: ASDs in young children are not central in the septum, but proximate to the aorta. After ASO, the device remains in close proximity to the aorta. With somatic growth, the septum grows asymmetrically, and device position relative to the aorta is constant. Our study was not powered to detect rare serious adverse events such as erosion, but aortic rims were consistently zero and yet no events occurred. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


• Vulnerability: multidimensional concept with diverse interpretations • Need for indicators: guide the development of adaptation policies, prioritize action, design and monitor projects • Method: during a workshop with policy-makers, representative of NGOs, scientists (55 participants): (1) group discussion on indicators of community vulnerability to climate in the Congo Basin, (2) plenary discussion on indicators; (3) individual survey (each participant selects 1 or 10 indicators and ranks them). Pavageau C.(1), Tiani A.M.(1),Locatelli B.(2), 1: CIFOR, 2: CIRAD-CIFOR Adaptation


Methods of weakening the Rayleigh instability of liquid metal hollow jet are considered. The finite electrical conductivity of the liquid and the phase transition at the inner jet surface are considered. (AIP)


The inverse Brayton cycle is a potential technology for waste heat energy recovery. It consists of three components: one turbine, one heat exchanger, and one compressor. The exhaust gas is further expanded to subatmospheric pressure in the turbine, and then cooled in the heat exchanger, last compressed in the compressor into the atmosphere. The process above is the reverse of the pressurized Brayton cycle. This work has presented the strategy on performance improvement of the inverse Brayton cycle system for energy recovery in turbocharged diesel engines, which has pointed the way to the future development of the inverse Brayton cycle system. In the paper, an experiment was presented to validate the numerical model of a 2.0 l turbocharged diesel engine. Meanwhile, the influence laws of the inverse Brayton cycle system critical parameters, including turbocharger speed and efficiencies, and heat exchanger efficiency, on the system performance improvement for energy recovery are explored at various engine operations. The results have shown that the engine exhaust energy recovery efficiency increases with the engine speed up, and it has a maximum increment of 6.1% at the engine speed of 4000 r/min (the engine rated power point) and the full load. At the moment, the absolute pressure was before final compression is 51.9 kPa. For the inverse Brayton cycle system development in the future, it is essential to choose a more effective heat exchanger. Moreover, variable geometry turbines are very appropriate to achieve a proper matching between the turbocharging system and the inverse Brayton cycle system.


This paper investigates the determinants of agricultural price formation emphasising on the detection of possible impacts caused by inflation uncertainty. The empirical methodology employs the GARCH technique to model the "uncertainty" variable, as well as VAR modelling and variance decomposition analysis to investigate possible causal effects among the involved variables.


Purpose – This paper aims to present a general review of the practical implications of building information modelling (BIM) based on literature and case studies. It seeks to address the necessity for applying BIM and re‐organising the processes and roles in hospital building projects. This type of project is complex due to complicated functional and technical requirements, decision making involving a large number of stakeholders, and long‐term development processes.Design/methodology/approach – Through desk research and referring to the ongoing European research project InPro, the framework for integrated collaboration and the use of BIM are analysed. Through several real cases, the changing roles of clients, architects, and contractors through BIM application are investigated.Findings – One of the main findings is the identification of the main factors for a successful collaboration using BIM, which can be recognised as "POWER": product information sharing (P), organisational roles synergy (O), work proc...


The issue of menstrual hygiene is inadequately acknowledged and has not received proper attention. Furthermore, It has not gained policy or program support. On the other hand, lack of adequate, safe and private sanitation facilities increase the suffering of pubescent school girls from health and psychosocial problems associated with the indignity experienced due to lack of a suitable place to change and dispose pads. Due to this, girls resort to use unhygienic practice or staying at home while on menstruation which affects their school attendance and performance rates. The main objective of this study was to assess knowledge and practice of adolescent school girls towards menstrual hygiene and its determining factors in Boset district, East shewa zone, Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. School based cross sectional study was employed and a multistage sampling technique was used to select 430 female high school students. Data collection was carried out from March 02-30, 2016 using pretested self administered questionnaire, Interview guideline and Focus group discussion (FGD). Data were entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Finally Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done at 95% confidence interval to assess independent effect of the predictors on the outcome variable. In this study, 305(70.9%) and 302(70.2%) have good knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene, respectively. There is significant positive association between in school girls knowledge about menstruation and menstrual hygiene with their educational status [(AOR)=1.5, 95%(C. I)=(3.7-6.8)] as well as with their mothers' and senior sisters' educational status [AOR=3.13, (95% CI)=1.32-7.37)]. Nevertheless, educational status of the respondents [AOR=2.844, 95% CI=(1.355-5.97)] and access to WASH facilities [AOR=2.54, 95% CI=(1.355-5.97)] showed significant association with their practice toward menstrual hygiene. Majority of students have good knowledge and practice towards menstrual hygiene and its management. Similar result were discovered from the FGD and observation conducted in the study. Therefore, students need to be counseled on menstrual hygiene management. Further, gender inclusive water and toilet facility should be offered in the schools.


The goal of this study was to investigate the social carrying capacity (SCC) of the Horton Plains National Park (HPNP). Crowding is considered as the social norm for estimating the standards for SCC. The 'normative theory' approach was applied in this study and separate social norm curves were prepared for each viewing point. Based on the hypothesis that visitor acceptability or tolerance is influenced by 'crowding', scenarios (images) with different numbers of visitors were generated for five main viewing points in the HPNP. The crowding standards for SCC were estimated by asking each respondent whether the presented scenarios were acceptable or not at each viewing point. The average visitor acceptability decreased with increasing number of visitors ('crowding'). The social norm curves were used to determine the standards. It was revealed that view points at the HPNP were crowded beyond the carrying capacity standards during weekends and public holidays. The highest carrying capacity standard was found at the Greater World's End and the least was recorded at the Chimney Pool. Therefore, the results of the present study could be applied in decision making to diversify tourism activities in order to achieve better visitor management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljss.v35i1-2.7347 Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences 2012/2013 35/36 (1&2) : 29-36


Objective: To study the secreting expression of human interleukin-10(hIL-10). Methods: According to the reported human interleukin-10 sequence,hIL-10 gene was synthesized and replaced some rare codes with hobby codes. The hIL-10 gene was inserted into PUC18 plasmid,identified by DNA sequencing. The expression plasmid referred to as PET22b-hIL-10 was constructed by inserting the cloned hIL-10 genes into secreting expression vector PET22b. The hIL-10 was overexpressed induced by IPTG in E.coli BL21. Results: Detected by densitometry analysis,the MW of recombinant protein was about 18KD and 21KD(with signal peptide),and its expression level varied at different temperatures. Conclusion: The expression level of the recombinant hIL-10 is about 7.6% at 18 ℃.


In this paper, a new blind equalization is addressed based on support vector regression (SVR) for single-input single-out (SISO) channels, which combines the conventional cost function of the SVR with probability density function (PDF) error function. Based on the iterative re-weighted least square (IRWLS) it solves the equalizer coefficients. Simulation performances show that the proposed equalization method performs better than the traditional algorithms such as constant-modulus algorithm (CMA), PDF algorithm and previous SVR algorithm (SVM-Godard, SVR-Sato) under the intersymbol interference (ISI) standard.


A 72-year-old obese woman (the height 150cm, the weight 88 kg and the BMI 39.1) who had gone to a primary care doctor to treat diabetes mellitus and hypertension underwent distal gastrectomy and Bill-roth-I reconstruction for gastric cancer in our hospital. Her postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged on the 10th postoperative day. Thereafter adjuvant chemotherapy with oral intake of S-1 was started at the 28th postoperative day. She came to our emergency room for acute abdominal pain after coughing on the 31st postoperative day. Abdominal CT scan showed an abdominal incisional hernia, fluid collection, and free air. We diagnosed the case as incisional hernia and rupture of the small intestine and performed operation. Laparotomy disclosed that a small intestine adhered to the hernia hilum had ruptured by three-fourths of the circumference of the bowel. Partial resection of the small intestine was performed. We etiologically estimated the cause of the bowel rupture in our case as follows. Sudden ele-vation of abdominal pressure by coughing behind the host's obesity formed the abdominal incisional hernia, when the small bowel which adhered to the hernia hilum ruptured simultaneously. As there have been no such reported cases, our case is considered very rare.


The structure of bis(tetraphenylphosphonium) octa-μ 3 -chloro-hexachlorohexamolybdate(2-) is reported. The structure consists of an [Mo 6 Cl 14 ] 2- cluster anion having a crystallographic center of inversion and two (inversion) symmetry-related tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) cations. The molybdenum chloride cluster anion is a slightly distorted octahedron of Mo atoms surrounded by eight (μ 3 ) face-bridging and six axial Cl atoms, and is coordinated by ten nearest neighbor TPP molecules. The distorted cluster retains only inversion symmetry


In this paper, we present a technique for iris segmentation. The method finds the pupil in the first step. Next, it segments the iris using the pupil location. The proposed approach is based on the mathematical morphology operators of opening and closing, as well as histogram expansion and thresholding. The CASIA Iris Database from the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been used for the tests. Several tests were performed with 200 different images, showing the efficiency of the proposed


Objective To study the curative effect of mifeisitong Guizhifulingjiaonang and self-curing kinfe in the treatment of hysteromyoma.Methods 150 patients with hysteromyoma were randomly divided into the two groups,treatment group(86 cases) and the control group(64 cases).The patients in control group were treated with Mifeisitong 12.5mg/d and Guizhifulingjiaonang 5 pills each time,three times a day.And the course of treatment is three months.The patients in treatment group were with self-curing knife and treated,the curative effect was observed after 6-month treatment.The data were terted with χ~2.Results 4 patients of the control group were cured and the cure rate was 6.25%.44 patients'conditions were improving(68.75%).The effective rate is 12.8%(8 cases),and so is the ineffective rate.62 patients in treatment group were cured and the cure rate was 72.09%.14 patients'conditions were improving(16.28%).The effective rate was 6.98%(6cases) and the ineffective rate was 4.65%(4 cases).χ~2 cure=64.5667.There is a significant difference(P0.001).Conclusions The curative effect of hysteromyoma with self-curing knife is superior to that with drugs.


Based on the framework of critical state soil mechanics,a new subloading surface plastic model for sand,being applicable to cyclic loading,is proposed.No elastic region hypothesis is given in this model,so elastic region of sand reduces to a point.Sand simultaneously exhibits elastic and plastic deformation when unloading.Reverse bullet-shaped yielding surface is adopted to ensure accurate prediction of the behavior of sand.No unique relationship between void ratio and the mean normal stress for sand prevents the direct coupling of yield surface size to void ratio,incremental deviatory strain hardening rule is used.The model combines the concept of state-dependent dilatancy by incorporating state parameter in Rowe's stress dilatancy equation,which accounts for the dependence of dilatancy on the stress state and the material internal state.The cyclic plastic models can well describe smooth,masing rule and ratchet effect of stress-strain curve.


Chedrang valley and its vicinity of Shillong Plateau was the rupture area of Great Assam earthquake of 1897(M~8.7), the region had ever experienced. This earthquake caused considerable damage and resulted highest ever ground motion in the valley. The important ground ruptures mapped by Oldham1 were the Chedrang and Samin. Oldham1 observed 11m of co-seismic slip down to the west of location of Chedrang Fault. The Chedrang fault ran for a distance about 20 km NNW direction from the headwater of Chedrang river through Dalbot (25.83oN ; 90.73oE), Dilma (25.01oN ; 90.71oE) and Jira (25.91oN ; 90.68oE) with a vertical throw varying from 0.60-10.60 meters, up through always being east2. In this study, we have prepared an earthquake catalogue based on relocated events since 1982 the inception of real time seismic monitoring network established in northeastern region of India. This forms an input to the present seismotectonic study for the region. The relocated seismic database has SEISMOTECTONICS IN CHEDRANG VALLEY AND ITS VICINITY


The authors point out that the usual anesthesia merely eliminates painful stimuli and makes the operation easier. However, the authors indicate the role the autonomic mechanism plays in the development of shock. The authors maintain that blockade of the autonomic nervous system reduces morbidity through the reduction of noxious stimuli which are a hazard to the organism which reacts with shock.


Tourism resources of villages are the united and harmonious country landscape effected by the human beings and the natural environment which is an organic entirely composed of hte natural environment, material and non material factor. With the respect of the human beings and the nature, the characteristic of the resources is harmonious, wide, diverse, regional, systematic, seasonal, national and epoch making. According to the relative identical principle, the tourism resources of villages may be classified to agricultural landscape, settlement landscape, foldlore landscape, and etc. We must follow the principle of protecting while developing the resources, and the principle of local resident participating while entrirely developing the resources.


Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) becomes popular alternative to alumina (Al2O3) especially for hard tissue applications. Both zirconia and alumina own their good biocompatibility due to chemical inertness in body environment. Considering the bioactive of hydroxyapatite (HAP) will allow interfacial bond formation, it is desirable to combine the advantages of both materials, YSZ and Al2O3 with HAP. Various amounts (30, 40, 50, 60 wt. % of YSZ-Al2O3)/10HAP of composites have been prepared by powder metallurgy method. Several tests have been conducted to determine the effect YSZ addition on physical, mechanical properties and the microstructure of composites. The results showed that density and compressive strength increased with increasing wt. % of YSZ. Microstructural characterization has been observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the presence of pores reduced slightly in increasing of wt. % of YSZ. The prepared YSZ-Al2O3/10HAP composite is expected as a potential candidate for biomedical application.


A congenie pair differing at a weak histocompatibility locus in the first linkage group has boon developed from the A and CBA strains of mice by repeated back-crossing to the A strain and by using the dominant coat colour allele C as a linkage group marker. Grafts of normal skin were used as the test object for determining isogenicity and congenieity. Some of the characteristics of graft rejection in the face of incompatibility at this locus are described.


The WHO has declared severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic; it affected approximately 44.5million people since its first breakout in December 2019. COVID-19 can present with wide spectrum of clinical manifestations which range from mild illness with myalgia only to acute respiratory distress syndrome with or without multi-organ dysfunction syndrome necessitating the advance critical care and life support. Pregnant women presenting to emergency department needs to be triaged based on imminent risk factors for maternal and fetal compromise, present haemodynamic status of mother with consideration of gestational age. Pregnant women with comorbid conditions require multidisciplinary team approach for better pregnancy outcomes, resource management and minimizing the risk infection to health care providers. This review emphasizes on management of labour, pregnancy outcomes, co-morbidities and complex critical situations associated with COVID-19 infected pregnant women. Development of safe medical practices and infection prevention protocols with involvement of multidisciplinary team including anaesthesiologist, obstetrician, neonatologist, critical care specialist, infectious disease experts and nursing staff for the perioperative management; is required to optimize the patient outcome and mitigate the infection risk to health personnel and their families.


In recent years, there are many problems in the part-time practice of College students. For example, the importance of the role of students in teaching and the adequacy of lesson preparation will seriously affect the classroom atmosphere and enthusiasm. This paper found some problems through literature research, questionnaire survey, part-time practice and other methods, e.g. the conservative attitude towards the part-time behavior of students of the school, the lack of scientific part-time planning for students, the imperfect ways and channels for college students to find part-time jobs, the weak vocational adaptability, and the lack of sustainable development. Based on the characteristics of English majors, Xi'an Peihua University puts forward some suggestions: first, students should establish correct employment concept and adjust employment mentality; second, students should enhance professional ability and professional accomplishment; third, schools should students to establish a correct view of employment; fourth, the society has introduced a system to guarantee the relevant rights and interests of college students in order to help them improve their practical ability and creativity through English learning and part-time practice, and to lay a solid foundation for future employment and entrepreneurship. Keywords—English major; countermeasures for part-time problem; Xi'an Peihua University


This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of DLNA Probe, a system for logging the operation histories of Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) devices. This paper first describes the combined use of Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) spoofing and the Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP), which obtains the operation histories of DLNA devices without changing any DLNA specifications. Second, it shows that a unicast ARP request is the best of four kinds of ARP spoofing for DLNA Probe. Third, it shows the performance of the implementation of DLNA Probe.


Growth of binary and ternary single crystals which have complete miscibility in the phase diagrams, have been studied by several newly developed methods such as the liquid encapsulated Czochralski, Bridgman, and multi-component zone melting methods for InGaAs bulk crystals, and the multi-component zone melting methods and Bridgman methods for Ge-rich and Si-rich SiGe bulk crystals. Crystals grown by these methods are compared with each other, to find the proper growth conditions to obtain single crystals with uniform composition. Techniques for the precise control of the temperature at the growing interface and for the continuous supply of the depleted solute elements to the growth melt were developed. InGaAs bulk crystals with uniform composition were obtained by the multicomponent zone melting method. Si-rich and Ge-rich SiGe bulk crystals with uniform composition were obtained in the Ge compositional range from 10 to 78%. The advanced technologies to obtain the InGaAs and SiGe bulk crystals with much higher-quality are discussed in this paper.


Objective: To observe the clinical effects of TCM comprehensive therapy on knee osteoarthritis. Methods: 120 cases with knee osteoarthritis were randomized into control group and observation group,with 60 cases in each group. Control group were performed operation while observation group were Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture treatment. The clinical effects and the scores of SF-36 before and after the treatment were compared. Results: After the treatment,the scores of physical ability,mental state,social activities,psychological state,energy,pain and general health condition in observation group were higher than these in control group; the difference had statistical significance( P 0. 05). The marked effective rate of observation group( 83. 33%) was higher than that of control group( 50. 00%); the difference had statistical significance( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture treatment has satisfactory therapeutic effects on knee osteoarthritis.


Some results of research of processes of incipience and formation of the interference on the equipment of railway automatics and remote control. It is shown that the primary source of interference is the appearance of the asymmetry of the resistance in rail lines. It is found that the absolute value of asymmetry traction current in the points connection to the rails of the equipment of rail circuits and in the rails under the receiving coils of the automatic locomotive signaling are functions of temperature of rails, size and harmonic composition of traction current in them, and also sizes of mutual inductances of rail threads with other electric lines.


Serum free T4, free T3 and TSH (IRMA), along with TSH responsiveness to TRH (500 μg i.v.), were investigated in 12 patients, initially when severely depressed and again upon recovery, and in a group of age‐matched controls. The TSH response to TRH did not differ significantly between patients and controls, nor did it alter with treatment of depression. There were no significant differences in basal TSH levels. Free T3 levels were very significantly lower in untreated patients than in controls (p = 0·004), as were free T4 levels (p = 0·02), and had not improved significantly at recovery. Basal TSH levels showed a strong association with the integrated TSH response to TRH (p < 0·001) in both patients and controls. Thus in depression, as in thyoid dysfunction, the TRH test can be abandoned in favour of sensitive basal TSH measurement but, more importantly, the TRH test has no value in the diagnosis of endogenous depression or in monitoring treatment response. However, there is a reduction in free thyroid hormone levels in depression which has not been rectified by the time of clinical recovery.


The saga of an organisation growth and development brings forth vital insights on how an organisation transforms itself from an idea to a successful reality. The current study elicits the success story of Policybazaar.com as a leading insurance web aggregator established in 2008. The study primarily deals with important features of an insurance aggregator and challenges faced by its promoters. Dahiya set up Policybazaar.com with Avaneesh Nirjar and Alok Bansal all three first generation entrepreneurs in 2008, to make insurance purchase easy in the country and change the way insurance was bought and sold till then. ABSTRACT


A guardrail structure for greening and bearing capacity improvement is provided that the vehicles, operator or passenger can be protected as the shock energy due to vehicle collision is absorbed. A guardrail structure for greening and bearing capacity improvement comprises a column(110) installed at the edge of the road, a wire rope(120) which winds the column, and in which the space is formed in inside, a porous blocking plate(130) inserted in front of or behind the space formed by the wire rope, a support block fixing the blocking plate, and a vegetation soil(150) charging the space between the wire rope. The blocking plate is inserted into the space between the wire ropes.


The extent to which medieval trade was based on credit does not figure among the favourite problems of economic history. Not that it has been entirely neglected, since the economic theorists have been busy over it for more than seventy-five years: it is the historian who is guilty of neglect. In his absence the field has been entirely appropriated by the economic theorist; and the latter, unsupported and unrestrained by research, inevitably produced notions unrelated to historical facts. These notions spring from the source whence have originated so many current preconceptions about the economic nature of medieval civilisation – namely, speculations as to the 'stages' of economic development. In the nineteenth century sociologists and economists regarded their age as biologists regard the homo sapiens , as the culmination of an evolutionary process. To them epochs of history were successive stages in the uninterrupted ascent of mankind from the crude primitivity of prehistory to the complex perfection of their own age. In accordance with this view, the economists have constructed a number of hypothetical models of the evolutionary ladder, in which every step differed from the one which followed in that it did not contain one or other element of the modern economic system, or else contained it in a less developed and a more imperfect form. As credit, especially in its alliance with trade, in fact constitutes an essential principle of our present economic system it was inevitably drawn into the schemes of economic progress. The argument was simple.


A phase–field method is used to model two–phase flow in microfluidic devices, where capillary and viscous stresses dominate over inertial forces. Dissipative and reactive couplings in the hydrodynamic equations are derived from a Cahn–Hilliard–van der Waals free energy, which accounts for the equilibrium thermodynamics of the fluid system, including phase behavior, interfacial tension and wetting properties. The singularities inherent to the free boundary description are smoothed out by the presence of a diffuse interface over which interfacial stresses are distributed, such that complex phenomena like droplet breakup and coalescence or contact line dynamics can be resolved numerically. The reliability of the scheme used to solve the discretized transport equations is tested against different benchmarks for free flow conditions. The model is then applied to the simulation of the flow of droplets in microdevices, resulting in a satisfactory agreement with the behavior observed in experiments.


There is provided a conveyor (102). A first communication interface (112) of the conveyor (102) comprises means for receiving data. The transmitter (102) further comprises a timer for measuring the relative time (104) for providing relative-time timestamp for the data processing system (110). Providing a second communication interface (105) for outputting the relative-time timestamp plus the data.


Recent papers have used household equivalence scales to construct measures of welfare inequality. This procedure rests on an often implicit value judgement, namely, that if, after adjustment for demographic characteristics, two households are on the same indifference curve, they are equally well off. That value judgement is not compelling, and there are situations in which it is ethically repugnant. This is particularly likely if tastes are functions of past experience and income.


SUBTITLE: NOW TWO YEARS OLD, QATAR AIRWAYS HAS SURVIVED THE PAIN OF ITS LAUNCH PERIOD: BUT THE CARRIER STILL HAS TO TRANSFORM DOHA FROM A REGIONAL OUTPOST INTO A GLOBAL HUB ABLE TO COMPETE WITH DUBAI AND BAHRAIN.


Dr. Ghodratollah Ghorbani, Immunology Laboratory, Hashemi-Nejad Medical Centre, Venak Square, Valiasr Ave., Tehran 19697 (Iran) Dear Sir, Detection of myeloma casts by morphological criteria [1] and immunofluorescence study of urinary sediment using monoclonal antibodies have been suggested [2]. Four cases with lightchain deposition nephropathy were diagnosed in our laboratory by immunofluorescence investigation of kidney biopsy specimens. All patients were male (age range 30-50 years) and were diagnosed as having minimal changes in glomeruli, interstitial nephritis, and casts in tubules. Myeloma casts were found in 1 case by light microscopy. Kidney biopsy specimens and urinary sediments of these patients (2 with kappa-type and 2 with lambda-type lightchain nephropathy) were stained with Evans blue which is used as a background staining in most diagnostic immunofluorescence tests. In both cases of kappa-type light-chain nephropathy, many casts were Evans blue positive, showing a highly dense red fluorescence in the kidney biopsy specimens (fig. 1). In their urinary sediments, few masses and some cells, most probably renal cells, were positive. In both cases of lambda-type light-chain nephropathy, the kidney biopsy specimens, were negative; on the other hand, many Evans blue positive casts were seen in their urinary sediments (fig. 2). Kidney biopsy specimens and urinary sediments of 30 patients with other glomerular diseases were stained with Evans blue; none of them were positive but for 1 case with obsolescence, glomeruli and periphery of broad waxy casts were positive in the urinary sediments of 2 cases with advanced glomerular disease. These cases are too few to draw any firm conclusion. In summary as compared with other techniques, this method seems to be rapid, simple, specific, and economic for the detection of myeloma casts in the urinary sediment of lambda-type and in kidney biopsy specimens of kappatype light-chain nephropathy. References Cheson BD, De Bella CC, Schumann JL: Urinary myeloma casts. Am JClin Pathol 1985:83: 421-425. Fogazzi GB, Pozzi C, Passerini P, Simoniani P, Locatelli F, Ponticelli C: Utility of immunofluorescence of urine sediment for identifying patients with renal disease due to monoclonal gammopathies. Am J Kidney Dis 1991:17:211-217.


• This brief reviews and analyzes the issues that surround marijuana banking, paying particular attention to the example of Colorado's Fourth Corner Credit Union, chartered in 2014 to serve the "unique financial needs" of cannabis-related businesses, but whose application for a master account from the U.S. Federal Reserve System was denied because of marijuana's continued illegality at the federal level.


Objectives: To find out how consistent or variable is the understanding and practice of radiation protection procedures for women in the child bearing age at a multispeciality tertiary hospital. Setting: Riyadh Military Hospital Study. Design: Non-clustered population survey. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed during grand rounds, mid-day clinics and a radiology conference. Questions included which radiation protection rule does the respondent use for females, whether he or she is familiar with those rules and what is his or her source of reference. Further questions were about the radiation dangers to the fetus. Results: Response was 95 (100%). Fifty-seven (60%) were males and 38 (40%) were females. The majority 50 (53%) were Saudis, 16 (17%) Western and 29 (30%) were other nationals. Sixty-two (65%) followed the old rule 10-day rule; 17 (18%) followed the new 28-day rule and 16 (17%) didn't know which rule to follow. None of those who followed the 28-day rule indicated hospital policy as their reference. Conclusions: The understanding and practice of radiation protection guidelines for females is inconsistent. There is significant unfamiliarity with the radiation protection rules among our hospital practitioners.


The aim of our work is to investigate the photoinduced electron transfer in non-covalent metal-free octaethyl porphyrin and 2 nitrofluorene system by electronic spectra and quantum chemical calculations.


The analysis of results chemo metrics research as respects to some synthetic rubbers skims together with fullerens mix. Structure of use modifiers a mix of fullerenes С50-С92. Research synthetic rubbers skims carry out IRspectroscopy. In this state analyze low fellow changes of transmission density typical chemical bond synthetic rubbers, under the impact of nanomodifiers. For solution these problems use chemometrics analysis. Data processing make for the purpose in order to receive hide information about chemical interaction fullerenes with synthetic rubber base. To determine influence fullerenes mix on the macromolecules of explore synthetic rubbers. Ascertain, that mix of fullerenes С50-С92 in styrene synthetic rubber interact with ƒ-electron of benzene structures. It led to growth of molecular mass.


Panitumumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which when overexpressed may contribute to the development and progression of cancer and is present in several solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Panitumumab is registered in USA for the treatment of patients with EGFR expressing CRC after disease progression on or following fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecancontaining chemotherapy regimens. The present evidence of effectiveness of Panitumumab for the treatment of metastatic CRC is based on objective tumor respose as well as on progression-free survival. This review article summarizes the development of Panitumumab in preclinical and early phase trials in CRC and focuses on the most recent results available from advanced phase clinical trials, with an update on presentations at the 2007 annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO).


We present nonlinear analysis of non-seizure electroencephalogram (EEG) time series data from four epileptic patients. A non-seizure state is a period that is free of any part of an epileptic seizure, including the transition to a fully developed episode. EEG measurements are typically contaminated with a large amount of non- neurophysiological source information, generally called artifact, which arises, for example, from eye movement, muscle tension, and physical motion. The first objective of this study is to gain some insight into how much variability in analysis results to be expected from patients having similar clinical characteristics. The second objective is to investigate the impact of eye movement on the analysis results. A special feature presented here is the introduction and testing of a filter for eye movement artifact. The third objective is to determine if neurophysiological activity as viewed from two adjacent channels appears dynamically to be the same.


Mullite ceramics were developed for multilayered packages, which have a lower dielectric constant and a nearer thermal expansion to that of silicon than those of alumina. The multilayered mullite packages are manufactured by using a similar cofired technology with tungsten or molybdenum to the conventionally used alumina system. A new brazing material and a new lead material were developed to be combined with the mullite ceramics Multilayered mullite packages with a brazed aluminum nitride heat sink, which has a high thermal conductivity, were developed to compensate a low thermal conductivity of the mullite itself. The packages are one of the highest performance packages.


As a figure constitutional of meaning within texts and schemes of thought, chiasmus plays an essential role. Taking chiasmi beyond their purely stylistic role calls for exploring their structural and meaning-defining role within texts and systems of thought. This study endeavoured to investigate the chiastic structure(s) of LXX Esther's Addition C, the Prayer of Esther. The reverse parallelism of chiasmus can symbolise a wide series of affiliations. Jamin Pelkey's semiotic typology of chiasmus was utilised as a heuristic prism to explore the chiastic structure(s) referred to in LXX Esther's Addition C (17k–z) and Addition D. A crucial question is in what ways and how these chiasmi contribute to communicate intersections or meeting points between two possibilities. Chiasmus can be employed both to outline contradictions or rifts between some set of oppositions and at the same time bring these differences into dialogue. It was illustrated how oppositions and contradictions related to the prayer of Esther are transcended.Contribution: Referring to the narrative of LXX Esther, this article contributed to contested historical thought, source interpretation and literary studies.


Task-based language teaching(TBLT),emphasizing "learning by doing",is a new approach to teach English which focuses on cultivating students' application and creation.After analyzing the theoretical basis of TBLT,this paper introduces the application of task-based language teaching methods in high vocational English teaching,and gives suggestions on how to better implement the task-based language method in high vocational English teaching.


We report the 11th human case of bloodstream infection with Plesiomonas shigelloides. This was the first case without any apparent underlying immunocompromising disease, and the patient was the first adult to survive the infection. We review all the extraintestinal cases associated with this organism, giving special attention to the clinical characteristics of the bloodstream infections reported previously.


Background and Objectives:An intracoronary brachytherapy is the only approved treatment for in-stent restenosis. However, a considerable rate of restenosis occurs after a brachytherapy. Up to now, there was no long term outcome for repeated brachytherapy for these lesions. Subjects and Methods:Eleven patients were admitted due to angina, with significant ischemic evidence in the stress test after the intracoronary brachytherapy. These patients were re-treated with a β-emitting 188 rhenium-DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) filled balloon catheter system, using an identical method and radiation dose (17.6 Gy) to the initial radiation treatment. The long term angiographic and clinical outcomes of repeated brachytherapy in these patients were evaluated. Results:The angiographic and clinical data of ten patients were evaluated, as 1 was lost. The follow-up period was 37.4±16.2 months (range, 8 to 53 months). There was no angiographic restenosis or target lesion revascularization (TLR) during the short term follow-up period (mean 6 months). but 2 restenosis (25%) occurred in the 2 year follow-up period and one other was added during the long term clinical follow-up period. All these restenosis lesions needed revascularization. These three TLRs occurred at 15, 24 and 43 months after the repeated brachytherapy. There was no death or nonfatal MI. No vascular perforation, aneurysm or late thrombosis was observed. Conclusion:A repeated brachytherapy for the treatment of a failed intracoronary brachytherapy lesion is safe and acceptably effective during the long term followup period. This modality might be considered as a therapeutic option for failed intracoronary brachytherapy lesions. (Korean Circulation J 2004;34(10):937-944)


Hecker, Jeremy 2016. Seasonal variations in endurance performance, and aerobic and anaerobic variables in competitive cross country skiers. Department of Biology of Physical Activity. University of Jyväskylä. Master's Thesis in Science of Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing. 74pp. Cross country skiing is known as an endurance sport and both aerobic and anaerobic systems have a major impact on performance in cross country skiers. Coaches and athletes use periodized training programs to optimize physiological adaptations and increase performance. Knowing how the major aerobic and anaerobic variables change during the course of one ski season will allow better implementation of training programs. This study examined variations in endurance performance, and how that relates to the variation in different aerobic and anaerobic variables. There were 19 subjects in the study, 11 male and 8 female. All subjects were competitive cross country skiers. The study took place over the course of one training/competitive year and was split into four different testing periods. Periods took place in May, July/August, October/November and April. The first test was a long maximal aerobic capacity test that looked at time to exhaustion (TTE), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), aerobic threshold (VO2AT), anaerobic threshold (VO2ANT), and submaximal economy (V1, V2). The second test was a shorter rollerski treadmill test looking at maximal anaerobic skiing speed (MASS). There was a significant increase in TTE (7.4% ± 7.2), VO2ANT (4.8% ± 8.7), and MASS (7.1% ± 4.1) through the preparation periods 1-3 (p < 0.05). There was a small decrease in V1 (-2.8% ± 4.7) and V2 (-2.8% ± 4.2) submaximal economy between periods 1-3 (p < 0.05). There was also no significant variation in VO2peak or VO2AT during any periods in the study. VO2peak (r = 0.820, p < 0.01), VO2ANT (r = 0.795, p < 0.01), and MASS (r = 0.687, p < 0.01) were significantly correlated with TTE. The major findings of the study showed that there was an increase in endurance performance during the preparation phase of training. Endurance performance was correlated with VO2peak, VO2ANT, and MASS. With the significant variation in VO2ANT and MASS during the year, athletes and coaches should focus on trying to increase the anaerobic threshold and neuromuscular performance using a periodized training program.


Faced with a historically unprecedented process of demographic ageing, many European societies implemented pension reforms in recent years to extend working lives. Although aimed at rebalancing public pension systems, this approach has the unintended side effect that it also extends the number of years in which working carers have to juggle the conflicting demands of employment and caregiving. This not only impinges on working carers' well-being and ability to continue providing care but also affects European enterprises' capacity to generate growth which increasingly relies on ageing workforces. The focus of this paper will thus be a cross-national comparison of individual reconciliation strategies and workplace-related company policies aimed at enabling working carers to reconcile both conflicting roles in four different European welfare states: Germany, Italy, Poland, and the United Kingdom.


This ethnohistorical case study of the American, formerly Danish West Indian island of St. John examines the position of Afro-American women during a 260 year period from European colonization of the island to the present. It focuses on the system of social reproduction as it has evolved since slavery and the role of women as agents of production and reproduction, as seen against the background of the socio-economic units and exchange networks within which women have functioned. The conclusions drawn question the usefulness and validity of the concept of 'matrifocality'.


T he first formula is a completely formal test, requiring that maxims can be willed as universal laws, that is, as laws for all rational beings. By contrast, the second is not purely formal, for it introduces the notion of "humanity": we are required to respect the freedom and ability of each person to make his or her own decision. Probably the best-known version of the second formula is this: "Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always as an end and never as a means only" (429; see 433). In Chapter 1, we discussed Kant's protest against tyranny, in which the ruler uses his subjects merely as instruments to carry out his will. By contrast, Kant offered a political theory of the people, based on the moral Universal Principle of Justice: everyone has a fundamental dignity simply as a person, and no one has the moral right to interfere with the lawful freedom of others or to use them merely for his or her own purposes. This is just what the second formula enjoins. Kant's stress in the second formula on the intrinsic equal value of each person does, in fact, enunciate a fundamental moral, political, and religious principle presupposed in the ordinary moral judgments of nearly everyone today. It has a majesty that can so fire the moral sensibilities of his readers as to make the second formula seem both obviously right and the most appealing version of the Categorical Imperative.


Today there are many Muslim women who wear the hijab, but the existence of the hijab which was originally interpreted as the cover of genitalia turned into a fashion trend. The development of the times has led to the emergence of the creation and innovation of the veil model so that not a few women make the veil as a daily dress. Teenagers who are experiencing periods of self-discovery become one of the targets of the transformation of the hijab model. They switch from the ordinary hijab to the hijab syar'i by reason of following Islamic law or just following fashion trends. In this phase, teenagers are trying to understand what is part of "me" and "not me", or in the world of psychology known as self-concept. Namely the process of someone in knowing and understanding themselves. This is consistent with what was stated by Barthes regarding "the language of fashion" which states that, every form of fashion must contain certain messages that the user wants to convey. Because of this, the researcher tries to find out to what extent a teenager, especially among female students at IAIN Surakarta, who wears a hijab in understanding their own concept through the clothes they wear. Where according to Willey, the self-concept is divided into two, namely positive and negative self-concepts. After knowing the self-concept of sharia hijabi students at IAIN Surakarta, it can also be seen that actions can be taken to foster and direct students to have a good (positive) self-concept. This research was conducted by survey method through the distribution of a questionnaire containing instruments about self-concept (Tennessee Self Concept Scale) developed by William H. Fitts.Keywords: Aurat; Hijab; Hijab Syar'i Trends; Self-concept


One of the most common problems with sulfide solid-state electrolytes is weak water stability. We report a re-sintering method to recover the ionic conductivity of argyrodite Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.6 solid-state electrolyte, which has been exposed to moisture for 10 h, from 1.06 to 6.97 mS cm-1.


How low can be the joint entropy of $n$ locally-independent (i.e., $d$-wise independent for $d\ge2$) Bernoulli variables? This question has been posed and partially answered in a recent work of Babai. In this paper we improve some of his bounds, prove new bounds in a wider range of parameters and show matching upper bounds in some special cases. In particular, we prove tight lower bounds for the min-entropy for pair-wise and three-wise balanced Bernoulli trials for infinitely many values of $n$.


This paper presents some considerations about hybrid optimization algorithms useful to optimize real complex system. The given indication could be used by readers to conceive hybrid algorithms. These considerations have been deducted from a concrete application case: the satellites constellations design problem. But each of the advanced techniques proposed in this paper are considered in a more general way to solve other problems. This problem is used to illustrate the techniques along the paper because it is grouping many characteristics (difficulties) of contemporary real complex systems: the size and the characteristics of the search space engendered by a combinatorial problem; The irregularity of the criterions; The mathematical and physical heterogeneity of parameters forbids the use of classical algorithms; The evaluation of a solution, which uses a time consuming simulation; A need of accurate values. More details are available in previous papers (10, 13, 11, 12). For these reasons, we could learn a lot from this experiment in order to detach hybrid techniques usable for problems having close characteristics. This paper presents the historic leading to the current algorithm, the modeling of the complex system and the sophisticated algorithm proposed to optimize it. Application cases and ways to built significant tests of hybrid algorithm are also given.


Radiative recombination of N+O has been investigated by using this radiation as a highly specific light source for dissociation of NO. This direct proof of predissociation of NO(C 2Π) supports previous indirect evidence. Measurements of the rate of N2 production in the photodissociation lead to a rate coefficient for the process N+O ⇄ NO(C 2Π, v′ = 0) → NO(X 2Π, v″ = 0) + hν, kδ0,0 = (2.9 ± 0.5) × 10−18 cm3 sec−1 at 300°K. The total rate coefficient summed over v″ is (1.5 ± 0.4) × 10−17 cm3 sec.−1 When N and O concentrations are measured by titration, the recombination emission can be used as an absolute intensity standard (±20%) at 1900 A.


Abstract The aim was to investigate whether the level of lactic acidosis in the first part of a heart rate-based lactate minimum test affects the lactate minimum heart rate and performance. We tested 15 men (age: 31±6 years, height: 179±6 cm, body mass: 75.6±7.6 kg and V˙O2peak 50.3±10.0 ml · min − 1 · kg − 1). They all completed 2 lactate minimum tests following 2 different protocols during the first part of the test, i. e., i) a maximal test until exhaustion to provoke extensive lactacidaemia and ii) a submaximal test abandoned 3 stages earlier than the maximal test to provoke significantly lower but still considerable lactacidaemia. The second part of the lactate minimum test was identical for both runs. It consisted of a heart rate-based incremental test to determine the lactate minimum and the corresponding lactate minimum heart rate and performance. Results showed a significantly higher maximal blood lactate concentration at the end of the maximal test compared to the submaximal test (9.7±2.7 vs. 6.0±2.0 mmol · l − 1, P<0.001). Also mean lactate minimum heart rate (160±12 vs. 144±13 bpm, P<0.001) and performance (200±40 vs. 170±35 W, P<0.001) were significantly higher after the maximal test compared to the submaximal test. We conclude that the first part of the heart rate-based lactate minimum test needs to be performed until exhaustion to receive reliable and meaningful results.


DRAFT for COMMENT ELECTORAL BARRIERS TO TRADE: Claremont GRADUATE UNIVERSITY Measuring the Effects of Income and Political Participation on Trade Openness Brice L. N i c h o l s o n , Constantine B o u s s a l i s , Hugh A n t h o n y Harley This study tests the effect of the political participation of three different income groups upon trade policy in the United States from 1960 to 2004. Using a time-series regression model, we first substantiate the trade preferences of income groups, and then demonstrate a relationship between said groups' electoral turnout and the degree of trade openness. Higher turnout of the middle class leads to lower trade openness while higher turnout of the lower and upper classes leads to higher trade openness. Key words: trade policy, trade openness, income groups, turnout INTRODUCTION Although the United States is still in the midst of a generation-long shift in the composition of its economy, the consequences of this transition are becoming clear. A disparity continues to grow between the rich and poor, evidenced by the marked increase in the United States' GINI coefficient from 0.395 in 1974, to 0.415 in 1984, and reaching 0.466 in 2004. While the causes of this increase are subject to debate, much of the rise in inequality has been described by entrepreneurial politicians and the popular press as a consequence of open trade policy. As cleavages between income groups become manifest, trade policy has therefore become increasingly polarized along party lines (Jeong 2007). Amidst this destruction of the bi-partisan postwar consensus on free trade and with renewed calls for protectionism, the future of America's open trade policy is uncertain. As different income groups should be experiencing the income effects of trade policy similarly, it is reasonable to assume that individuals within income groups articulate similar preferences for open or protectionist trade policies. As popular anxieties regarding the economic consequences of free trade rise, those The authors wish to thank Hal Nelson, Joshua Walton and Travis Coan for their helpful suggestions. Any mistakes are the authors' exclusively. Brice L. Nicholson is a Ph.D. candidate in Political Science at Claremont Graduate University. He can be reached at Brice. Nicholson@cgu. edu Constantine Boussalis is a Ph.D. student in Political Science at Claremont Graduate University. He can be reached at Constantine. Boussalis@cgu. edu Hugh Harley is a Ph.D. candidate in Politics & Economics at Claremont Graduate University. He can be reached at Hugh. Harley@cgu. edu ELECTORAL BARRIERS TO TRADE: Nicholson, Boussalis, Harley CGIRS 2007


I THE DISTINCTION OF THE PLATONIC and Aristotelian conceptions of form common to modern textbooks has a specifically medieval origin that is little remarked upon by historians of philosophy. Prior to the middle of the thirteenth century, interpretation of the works of Plato and Aristotle was dominated by the Neoplatonic tendency to harmonize their philosophies. Their differing accounts of form were understood as representing distinct dialectical approaches to the same, basically Platonic, ontology. (1) This dominance was first challenged by Albertus Magnus who, between 1250 and 1270, introduced a new Aristotelianism in the Latin West. His project to make the whole of the new learning of Aristotle available to the Latins, announced in the preface of the first of his Aristotelian commentaries, was intended to be more than simply the encyclopedic compendium for which he earned his title "the Great." (2) It was also an effort to recover the Aristotelian conception of form and clearly distinguish it from that of the Platonists. This recovery represents a significant development in the intellectual history of the West. Despite this, it has escaped the notice of most philosophers. (3) Part of the reason for this is that Albert's philosophical contributions remain little known outside a limited circle of medievalists specializing in thirteenth-century thought. If Albert is generally known at all, it is as the teacher of Thomas Aquinas (4) and, perhaps, by his early modern reputation as the major authority on Aristotle's natural science. (5) There is, however, another reason for this situation intrinsic to the historical evidence. No less an historian than Etienne Gilson found that Albert's writings, especially his Aristotelian commentaries, represented "a gigantic literary production which defies analysis." (6) Amazed at the vast amount of philosophical and scientific information "heaped up" in Albert's works, Gilson found it difficult to discern between Albert's reports of the views of other thinkers and Albert's own philosophical position. Consequently, Gilson focused his attention on selected theological treatises which in his estimation provided firmer evidence of Albert's learning and originality. (7) Gilson's approach has cast a long shadow, for it drew attention away from Albert's extensive and detailed treatments of Aristotle's natural science and scientific method. It was precisely this neglect of Albert's studies of nature that discouraged general philosophical awareness of his importance as the originator of a new and distinctive Aristotelianism. Fortunately, the scholarly situation has changed since Gilson's initial attempts at analysis, and the past few decades have seen a growing literature detailing the contributions to philosophy and the natural sciences found in Albert's Aristotelian books. (8) Recent scholarship has, as a result, increased appreciation of Albert's historic recovery of Aristotelian form. It must be admitted, however, that the problem has yet to be fully resolved. Among the difficulties is that, even in those texts that provide the best evidence of Albert's Aristotelianism, his expression is often highly Platonic in diction and tone. (9) The commentary on the pseudo-Aristotelian Liber de causis presents a particular problem and has led some scholars to attribute to Albert a rather syncretic form of Aristotelianism (10) and others to deny his Aristotelianism altogether. (11) The problem is further exacerbated by the fact that Albert sometimes offers both Platonic and Aristotelian solutions to the same philosophical problem. (12) These difficulties have kept open the question of the nature and extent of Albert's Aristotelianism consequently obscuring his role in the recovery of a distinctively Aristotelian notion of form. Nonetheless, the evidence of Albert's Aristotelianism found in his commentaries (13) as well as his revival of the long dormant research programs of Aristotle in biology and other sciences is too strong to ignore. …


| Meat constitutes the main source of animal protein for human consumers. Hygienic practices undertaken inside slaughterhouses affect the degree of meat quality and level of contamination. Sources of meat contamination inside slaughterhouses are; contaminated water, workers, and working environment including; contaminated equipment, surfaces, and aerosols. In this study, beef samples were collected from three slaughterhouses with different hygienic levels in Cairo, Egypt. Besides, water samples, environmental swabs, and workers' hand swabs were collected from different sites of the same slaughterhouses. Microbiological analysis of samples was applied to determine total bacterial count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC). A detailed questionnaire survey and a visual inspection checklist were applied to workers to assess the hygienic procedures and practices of the slaughterhouses under study. Results showed that total bacterial counts of beef samples were 3.1, 4.39, 4.43 log10 CFU/g for slaughterhouses 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Total coliform counts were nil for beef samples of slaughterhouses (1) and (2) and 4.43 log10 for that of the slaughterhouse (3). TBCs of water samples were 1, 1, and 1.3 log10/ml respectively while coliforms were negative for all samples. TBC of wall, floor, Knives, hooks, and workers' hand's swabs were highest in the slaughterhouse (3) followed by slaughterhouse (2) and lowest counts were found in the slaughterhouse (1). In conclusion, microbial counts of the analyzed samples together with answers to the questionnaire revealed that hygienic practices, level of education, training, and experience were better in the slaughterhouse (1) followed by slaughterhouse (2), and the most unhygienic practices and conditions were undertaken in the slaughterhouse (3) that was reflexed on the degree of beef contamination.


In the light of Chinese' national conditions and world development trend, JUANG Ze-min discussed the importance of enforcement of sustained development strategy in China, primary content and pattern and expounded realizing population sustained development, disposing of relation among econony development, national resoures using, environmental protection, and eliminating poor problem.


Hopf [1] proved that for any map f : X → X of a locally connected unicoherent continuum X and any map g : X → Y into a one-dimensional continuum Y , there is a point x ∈ X such that g(x) = g(f(x)). If in this theorem we take as X the two-dimensional sphere S2, and as f an involution, then Hopf's theorem implies that any map from S2 into a one-dimensional continuum glues together a pair of antipodal points. The same result is easily obtained from the theorem of Shklyarskii [2], which says that for any finite closed covering of S2 of multiplicity 2 and any map f : S2 → S2, we can find an x ∈ S2, for which x and f(x) belong to the same element of the covering. In this note the Hopf–Shklyarskii theorem is generalized to maps into compact sets of lower dimension 1. By the lower dimension of a compact set we mean the minimum of its dimensions over all coefficient groups. A covering is a locally trivial fibring with discrete fibre. A continuumX is said to be non-coverable if it has no non-trivial (different from homeomorphisms) connected coverings. In other words, every covering of a non-coverable compact set admits a section.


The living and production of large populations in flood storage areas (FSAs) is a common phenomenon in China. Such a situation inevitably produces a contradiction between flood potential and development, which may be solved by resettlement. Resettlement in FSAs with Chinese characteristics is an important means of flood risk management by the government. Based on a questionnaire survey, this paper analyses the factors influencing the resettlement decision‐making process of farmer households' in FSAs using a logistic regression. The findings suggest that the location of the resettlement, resettlement subsidies, and rationality of the subsidy policy have the most significant positive effect. The government should take measures to encourage farmers to resettle, so as to accelerate resettlement progress.


This paper surveys the current state of the theory of cobordism, focusing on geometric and universal properties of complex cobordism, the Landweber-Novikov algebra, and the formal group law of geometric cobordisms. The relationships with K-theory, algebraic cycles, formal group laws, compact Lie group actions on manifolds, toric topology, infinite-dimensional Lie algebras, and nilmanifolds are described. The survey contains key results and open problems. Bibliography: 124 titles.


To many seventeenth century observers, the political role of towns in the English Civil War was clear enough. Clarendon, for example, referred to the "great towns and corporations, where besides the natural malignity, the factious lecturers and emissaries from the Parliament had poisoned the affections."' Thomas Hobbes was even more specific: "The City of London and other great towns of trade, having in admiration the prosperity of the Low Countries after they had revolted from their monarch the king of Spain were inclined to think that the like change of government here would to them produce the like prosperity."2 In similar fashion, the anonymous author of the 1648 tract Persecutio Undecima saw the commercial interests of the urban areas, especially London, as one of the significant factors in the calling of the Long Parliament and the subsequent outbreak of war.3 The contemporary assertion that the towns were naturally subversive, that the progressive elements in them had a predominantly parliamentary orientation and, indeed, that there e.xsted an aspiration to follow the example of the United Provinces, overthrow the monarchy, and seek the improvement of trade and profits through the establishment of a new form of government continues to be echoed in modern treatments of the period. The assumption that it was the economically progressive part of the nation, including the trading towns, that sided with Parliament and the economically backwards and essentially "feudal" parts which went to the King continues to be the prevailing orthodoxy. It lies at the center of Christopher Hill's vision of the cihil war and is likewise central to Brian Manning's ingenious, if ultimately uncon-


Heterotopic bone formation has been noted by several observers (e.g. Neuhof, 1917) in the connective tissue surrounding the urinary bladder following operations on this viscus. Huggins (1931) was the first to demonstrate the association of such bone formation with bladder mucosa. As a result of his investigations on a large number of dogs, he suggested that transitional epithelium is capable of inducing osteogenesis in certain types of connective tissue. Subsequent workers have confirmed his observations on dogs (Regen & Wilkins, 1934; Huggins, McCarroll & Blocksom, 1936; Gomori, 1943; Abbott & Stephenson, 1945; Marshall & Spellman, 1954; Boyarsky & Duque, 1955), and the phenomenon has also been found to occur in rats (Huggins et al. 1936), guinea-pigs (Huggins et al. 1936; Gomori, 1943; Loewi, 1954) and rabbits (Huggins, 1931; Gomori, 1943). The epithelium of the gall bladder also appears to be capable of exerting an osteogenic stimulus (Huggins & Sammett, 1933). Many other workers have investigated experimentally the formation of bone by induction. Urist & McLean (1952) tested various tissues for their inducing influence when placed in the anterior chamber of the eye. Several investigators, quoted by Levander (1949), have claimed that extracts of certain bone elements are capable of inducing bone formation in rabbit muscle, while others have shown that similar results can be obtained by the use of non-specific irritants (see Hartley & Tanz, 1951). Attempts have been made to influence the healing of fractures by placing bladder epithelium in their vicinity (Copher, Key & West, 1932) or by the local injection of extracts of bladder mucosa (Eskelund & Plum, 1950). In the study of heterotopic bone formation the inducing agent and the induced tissue must be considered. Hitherto, the nature of the inducing agent remains obscure, and in most of the investigations mentioned, comparatively little attention has been paid to the early reactions in the tissues in which bone formation has taken place. Accordingly, in the present experiments on the cat, attention has been specially focused on the connective tissues in which osteogenesis is occurring. Since previous work on the osteogenesis induced by bladder epithelium has been confined almost exclusively to autogenous material, the possibility of bone formation following the use of homogenous implants has also been investigated. At the same time, histochemical observations have been made on bladder epithelium in its normal site and when implanted.


This paper first presents the Hopf bifurcation analysis for a vector-controlled doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) which is widely used in wind power conversion systems. Using three-phase back-to-back pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converters, DFIG can keep stator frequency constant under variable rotor speed and provide independent control of active and reactive power output. The oscillatory instability of the DFIG has been observed by simulation study. The detailed mathematical model of the DFIG closed-loop system is derived and used to analyze the observed bifurcation phenomena. The loci of the Jacobian's eigenvalues are computed and the analysis shows that the system loses stability via a Hopf bifurcation. The eigenvalue sensitivity analysis with respect to machine and control parameters are performed to assess the impact of parameters upon system stability. Moreover, the Hopf bifurcation boundaries of the key parameters are also given that can facilitate the tuning of those parameters to ensure stable operation.