The present invention, at least one gear shift set (53, 54, 55) into discrete two gear is assigned, shift the gearshift set (53, 54, 55) via the shift rod and / or shift cable about switching device in multi-stage transmission which is connected to the lever (35). In that the shift lever (35), one switching H-shaped or multiple H-type shift pattern inside shift speed to be selected is assigned to different gear shifting set of 換溝 is assigned. A shift lever (35) and the gear shift sets (53, 54, 55) is coupled to the conversion device, by the conversion device, switching for releasing the speed gear of the ever first gear shift set (53, 54, 55) the first shift lever movement in the groove, to release the speed stage to the first gear shift set, on the other hand, when the shift lever (35) is moved for fastening the new speed stage in the same switching groove, the new speed stage is concluded. To implement it, the conversion device, the shift lever (35) is connected to the select finger shaft (1), the select finger shaft (1) is a selector rod (10,11,12,13,56,57, through the opening of the combined selector frame (14, 15, 16, 17) to 58 and 59), it is formed so as to be swingable and movable in the axial direction.


LOS ANGELES—In patients with atrial fibrillation who were not considered candidates for warfarin therapy, the experimental factor Xa inhibitor apixaban reduced the risk of stroke and systemic embolism by more than half, compared with aspirin, according to fi nal results of the AVERROES trial. Importantly, apixaban treat ment was not associated with a signi fi cant increase in major or intracranial bleeding, said Hans-Christoph Diener, MD, PhD, professor and chair of the department of neurology and the Stroke Center at the University of Essen in Germany. Dr. Diener presented the results of the Apixaban versus Acetylsalicylic Acid to Prevent Strokes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Who Have Failed or Are Unsuitable for Vitamin K Antagonist Treatment (AVERROES) trial here last month at the American Stroke Association International Stroke Conference 2011. The data were simultaneously published online INSIDE 3/17/11


A 10-year-old male with a past medical history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder presented with a 1-day history of acute left calf pain. Four weeks prior to admission, evanescent nonpruritic, nonerythematous nickelsize lower extremity nodules were noted following a transient nonspecific viral illness. Five days prior to development of calf pain, he was diagnosis with Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) when he developed scattered nonthrombocytopenic lower extremity petechiae and mild abdominal discomfort. No specific therapy was prescribed. On the day of admission, he had been sitting stationary at a sporting event for 3 hours prior to the sudden onset of left calf pain, progressing to limp and swelling. There was no history of trauma. Family history was significant for the patient's mother experiencing 5 first trimester spontaneous abortions. She subsequently received heparin treatment during a future successful pregnancy. Further details of her evaluation were not available, although she recalled being told that she "might have a lupus anticoagulant." On arrival at the emergency department, laboratory studies where performed (Table 1), and lower extremity venous Doppler study demonstrated acute deep vein thrombosis of the left peroneal vein. Enoxaparin sodium therapy was initiated (1 mg/kg q12hr SQ) and he was admitted for further management. Petechial rash and extremity symptoms and signs readily improved over the next several days. An extensive evaluation initiated for hypercoagulability was completed. Studies are listed in Table 2. Genetic studies for factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutation were unremarkable; the patient was found to be doubly heterozygous for MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C (with normal homocysteine level). Enoxaparin was discontinued after 3 months when a repeat Doppler study demonstrated complete resolution of thrombosis. At 2-month follow-up, factor VIII remained mildly elevated at 154%; lipoprotein A was elevated at 85.8 mg/dL. At 9-month follow-up, the child remained well. Discussion


The adsorption properties of H2S on the (100) surface of pyrite have been studied by Car–Parrinello simulations. The predicted adsorption properties have been contrasted to those of water on the same surface. It was found that H2S prefers molecular adsorption on the surface iron sites while the dissociative adsorption is highly unfavorable. The binding of the H2S and HS− species to the Fe sites results from a coordinative covalent bond from the ligand sulfur atom. The adsorption energy at full coverage is much lower than at partial coverage due to steric repulsion among the adsorbates. As opposed to water adsorption, hydrogen bonding plays a marginal role in H2S adsorption.


Purpose

This paper aims to discuss a 2015-2016 University of Washington Libraries project focused on understanding the needs and challenges of transfer students on the Seattle campus and developing innovative ways to support transfer student success.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses design thinking methods, including interviews and rapid iterative prototyping and feedback, to understand and emphasize the user experience.

Findings

Transfer students at the Seattle campus identify themselves as a unique group separate from other undergraduates because of their prior experience, shortened timeline at the university and their need to balance academic, work and family commitments. Because transfer students often have little time to learn about and effectively use campus resources, the authors found that working with campus partners to enrich transfer-specific student orientations and events with educational and practical content was the most effective means of supporting new students.

Research limitations/implications

This pilot study was conducted over an 11-month period with a small number of participants, but the iterative nature of design thinking allowed the authors to gather new feedback from a variety of students and staff at each phase.

Originality/value

This study showcases how design thinking methods can increase understanding of transfer student and other user needs. The design thinking approach can also enable the rapid development of library and campus services, as well as outreach efforts, to meet user needs.


San Antonio--Almost half of all patients with erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy decide against any form of treatment for ED, Italian investigators reported at the AUA annual meeting here.


Background: Tablets and other technologies are evolving tools to collect personalized health data. However, the quality of data collected by these tools in vulnerable populations is unknown. We explore the acceptability and reliability of a Breast Health Questionnaire app's use by diverse, low-income women against a pen/paper survey. Methods: Women who spoke English or Spanish were recruited to complete a tablet and a paper/pen questionnaire prior to their screening mammography. The usability and reliability of the BHQ app were assessed and analyzed. Results: Of 116 women, 94 (81%) found the app easy to use. Reliability between the app and the pen/paper questionnaire ranged from substantial to perfect agreement. Conclusions: Women of a diverse, older, low-income population found the app acceptable and easy to use with high reliability. All patients preferred the tablet, suggesting that tablets can aid in the collection of health information and personalized risk assessments for minority populations.


The current study involved the completion of two distinct experiments. Experiment 1 compared fibre specific and whole muscle responses to acute bouts of either low-volume high-intensity interval training (LV-HIT) or moderate-intensity continuous endurance exercise (END) in a randomized crossover design. Experiment 2 examined the impact of a six-week training intervention (END or LV-HIT; 4 days/week), on whole body and skeletal muscle fibre specific markers of aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Six recreationally active men (Age: 20.7±3.8 yrs; VO2peak: 51.9±5.1 mL/kg/min) reported to the lab on two separate occasions for experiment 1. Following a muscle biopsy taken in a fasted state, participants completed an acute bout of each exercise protocol (LV-HIT: 8, 20-second intervals at ∼170% of VO2peak separated by 10 seconds of rest; END: 30 minutes at ∼65% of VO2peak), immediately followed by a muscle biopsy. Glycogen content of type I and IIA fibres was significantly (p<0.05) reduced, while p-ACC was significantly increased (p<0.05) following both protocols. Nineteen recreationally active males (n = 16) and females (n = 3) were VO2peak-matched and assigned to either the LV-HIT (n = 10; 21±2 yrs) or END (n = 9; 20.7±3.8 yrs) group for experiment 2. After 6 weeks, both training protocols induced comparable increases in aerobic capacity (END: Pre: 48.3±6.0, Mid: 51.8±6.0, Post: 55.0±6.3 mL/kg/min LV-HIT: Pre: 47.9±8.1, Mid: 50.4±7.4, Post: 54.7±7.6 mL/kg/min), fibre-type specific oxidative and glycolytic capacity, glycogen and IMTG stores, and whole-muscle capillary density. Interestingly, only LV-HIT induced greater improvements in anaerobic performance and estimated whole-muscle glycolytic capacity. These results suggest that 30 minutes of END exercise at ∼65% VO2peak or 4 minutes of LV-HIT at ∼170% VO2peak induce comparable changes in the intra-myocellular environment (glycogen content and signaling activation); correspondingly, training-induced adaptations resulting for these protocols, and other HIT and END protocols are strikingly similar.


Strategy of time-sharing is adopted in LLC resonant converter with multi-output for increasing the adaptability of the very topology to such application as multi-output with requirement of high regulating ratio, meanwhile strategy of magamp post regulation is applied by adding two saturable inductors in secondary output ends as well. Principle of influence generated by dead time of magamp involved in LLC resonant converter on regulating ratio, is analyzed in detail. That influence of problem of dead time existing in magamp in flyback converter is much worse than in LLC resonant converter is verified both by principle analysis and experimental result. An experimental prototype of 310 V input, 24 V/3 A and 12 V/2 A outputs, whose full load efficiency reaches 88.5%, is built to verify achievement of ZVS at full range and the wonderful cross regulating ratio


Clinical discussion within multidisciplinary teams has been shown to improve the quality of patient care in many fields of medicine. A pivotal example is the 'tumour board', proposed in the 1960s. A multidisciplinary discussion strategy in the field of oncology was associated with improved survival and more consistent survival rates between different hospitals and with increased treatment conformity to clinical practice guidelines [1]. In the field of myocardial revascularization, the Heart Team concept was introduced through randomized trials during the last decade, with the aim of facilitating a balanced evidence-based decision process, minimizing specialty bias and preventing selfreferral from interfering with optimal patient care [2]. Of note, the decision-making process in a Heart Team appears to be largely reproducible [3]. The need for a multidisciplinary strategy is underscored by evidence showing underuse of revascularization procedures in up to 40% of patients with coronary artery disease [4] as well as inappropriate use of revascularization strategies and lack of clinical case discussions [5]. In addition, the heterogeneity in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) to coronary artery bypass grafting ratios between European countries with similar health care systems has raised concerns on the appropriate selection of revascularization strategies [6]. The recently released guidelines on myocardial revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) provide a Class I, level C recommendation to the Heart Team, recognizing its relevance in current clinical practice [7]. In this issue of the Journal, the Joint Working Group of the British Cardiovascular Society (BCS), Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery in Great Britain and Ireland (SCTS) and British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) reports a document that aims to provide guidance on the structure and function of the Heart Team [8]. This high-quality document includes an extensive overview on needs for a Heart Team in clinical practice and elaborates detailed recommendations on its structure and organization. Several important aspects of the document should be mentioned. Firstly, the composition of the Heart Team recommended by the Joint Working Group of the BCS/BCIS/SCTS is in line with the guidelines on myocardial revascularization of the ESC/EACTS [7]. Specifically, a clinical/non-invasive cardiologist, an interventional cardiologist and a cardiac surgeon should be included. Extending, on a regular basis, the Heart Team to additional specialists—such as general practitioners, anaesthesiologists, diabetologists, geriatricians, nephrologists or intensivists—is impractical, but may be useful on a case-by-case basis depending on patients' comorbid conditions. Secondly, the Joint Working Group of the BCS/BCIS/ SCTS recommends that Heart Team meeting frequency should suffice the demands of the local clinical service. Therefore, in line with the ESC/EACTS guidelines, the document recommends to adapt frequency and duration of meetings to institutional needs. Thirdly, the document underscores the importance of communicating with patients, carers and families. Heart Team meetings are by necessity technical, explicit discussions about risks and prognosis based on the available evidence as well as the experience of involved specialists individually and as a group. It is, therefore, impracticable for patients and carers to attend Heart Team meetings. However, the Heart Team should accommodate patient's wishes in any decision-making process. Fourthly, it is noteworthy that the working group emphasizes the educational value of Heart Team meetings by encouraging junior physicians to attend. Indeed, education to multidisciplinary discussions is of paramount importance for future leaders in the field of cardiovascular medicine. The value and quality of the document is high. Nevertheless, a few issues deserve consideration. The recent ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization recommend the development by the Heart Team of evidence-based institutional protocols to implement the appropriate revascularization strategy for common case scenarios in accordance with guidelines (Class I, level C) [7]. Of note, these protocols should include but not be limited to emergency clinical cases. While stating that the Heart Team discussion should be focused on those patients in whom the possibility of any form of revascularization is considered, the document of the Joint Working Group of the BCS/BCIS/SCTS does not explicitly refer to institutional protocols. This issue is critical since establishing institutional protocols may facilitate the Heart Team work in common case scenarios, avoiding time-consuming


Buildings account for over 40% of all U.S. energy use (DOE 2012). This has an impact on national energy security, the economy, and the global environment. Provisions for local, state, and national building energy standards/codes exist to promote energy efficiency, making such codes a central part of the green building movement. These efforts are augmented by the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry through passive design strategies, advanced construction techniques, and the application of renewable energy technologies. This paper analyzes the sensitivity of operational energy use to variations in footprint aspect ratio and building orientation, both of which are critical design strategies for passive heating and cooling. Four identical high-rise office buildings are simulated in each of the four major climate zones (cool, temperate, arid, and tropical). All buildings are 200 meters in height, 50 stories that are 4.0 m floor-tofloor height, with a total conditioned floor area of 135,000 square meters. Preliminary energy analysis is performed using Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2011, and the results are validated using the Department of Energy's eQuest version 3.65 building simulation software. The buildings were modeled to comply with the International Energy Conservation Code 2009. The results suggest that design strategies to maximize passive thermal conditioning and daylighting do little to reduce the load profiles of high-rise office buildings built to current energy codes.


Manufacture of thin float glass entails stretching glass from its equilibrium thickness of ≃ 7 mm. The glass ribbon is stretched mainly in the longitudinal dimension. However, when edge rollers are used, significant stretching occurs in the lateral dimension also and an earlier one-dimensional analysis of stretching cannot model this more complex process. This paper presents a two-dimensional computer model of stretching and the results of a typical simulation based on this model. These results demonstrate the model's ability to simulate stretching and flow in two dimensions. The present model can be used to perform computer experiments to study the effects of various operating conditions on the dimensions and quality of float glass.


In recent years, fintech has played an important role in empowering rural revitalization. However, in the concrete practice process, the further development of the rural fintech has encountered practical difficulties, and it is necessary to further think about how the rural fintech can better integrate into the rural production and living environment. In practice, some cases emerging in agricultural production trusteeship services can give some enlightenment to the development of rural fintech. This paper in the comb the Tunliu District, Yicheng County and Yonghe County agricultural production hosting service financial technology application case, put forward should establish a bigger organization system docking financial technology, build a platform to promote comprehensive big data to solve the problem of data sharing, combined with "wisdom agriculture" rural information technology application results to get through information service system, accelerate the promotion of rural credit system construction, full publicity and popularization to enhance farmers and farmers financial technology literacy experience, finally based on this relevant suggestions.


Two species o brown-rot (BR) fungi and four of white-rot (WR) fungi were grown on Eucalyptus grandis wood chips under solid-state fermentation. BR fungi produced high levels of hydrolytic activities and no phenoloxidase activity, whereas WR fungi produced hydrolytic and ligninolytic enzymes, but low levels of hydrolytic activities in comparison with BR fungi. The capacity of WR fungi for wood degradation (determined as weight and component losses) seemed to be correlated with the levels of oxidative activities only after long biodegradation periods. Despite the fact that the hydrolytic activities of the two BR species were similar, Laetiporeus sulfureus demonstrated a very limited degradative capacity, contrasting with Wolfiporia cocos, which induced an effective decay. The amounts of xylanase detected in BR and WR cultures had no correlation with the extent of polyoses removal. However, the fungi providing the highest values of lignin loss were also responsible for the highest values of polyoses removal. This indicates that the lignin removal may have caused wood cell wall permeability, facilitating the xylanases diffusion into and action on the polyoses of the wood cell walls. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.


Invited Talk.- A Foolish Consistency: Technical Challenges in Consistency Management.- Object Oriented, Object Relational I.- The BORD Benchmark for Object-Relational Databases.- An Indexing Structure for Aggregation Relationship in OODB.- Deciding on the Equivalence of a Relational Schema and an Object-Oriented Schema.- Multimedia Databases I.- Semantic Reasoning based Video Database Systems.- Toward a User-Centered Image Retrieval System.- Fundamentals for Applications I.- Measuring for Database Programs Maintainability.- Database Migration in WAN Environments: How Can It Earn Good Performance?.- Dynamic Reconfiguration Algorithm: Dynamically Tuning Multiple Buffer Pools.- Assigning Tasks to Resource Pools: A Fuzzy Set Approach.- Object Oriented, Object Relational II.- Protocol for Taking Object-Based Checkpoints.- From Object-Oriented to Aspect-Oriented Databases.- Contextualization of OODB Schemas in CROME.- Multimedia Databases II.- Quality-Based Synchronization Methods of Multimedia Objects.- Utilizing Fragmented Bandwidth in a Staggered Striping Multimedia System.- Subjective Retrieval System for Texture Images Based on Interactions of Orientation and Color.- Fundamentals for Applications II.- Chasing Relational Database Constraints Backwards.- Using an Ordered Key Attribute in Database Design.- Awareness in Interactive Database Applications.- Workflow.- WorkMan - a Transactional Workflow Prototype.- Formalizing Workflows Using the Event Calculus.- Gaining Control over Time in Workflow Management Applications.- Temporal Modeling of Workflows with Conditional Execution Paths.- Security Aspects.- Verified Order-Based Transaction Scheduling Scheme for Multilevel Secure Database Management Systems.- Task-Role Based Access Control (T-RBAC): An Improved Access Control Model for Enterprise Environment.- Data Security for Distributed Meeting Systems.- A Comparison of Two Architectures for Implementing Security and Privacy in Cyberspace.- Fundamentals for Applications III.- Organizations and Collective Obligations.- Information Retrieval with Conceptual Graph Matching.- Approximate Pattern Matching in Shared-Forest.- XML.- A Data Model for Temporal XML Documents.- Blind Queries to XML Data.- XML and Meta Data Based EDI for Small Enterprises.- Advanced Databases I.- Optimal Page Ordering for Region Queries in Static Spatial Databases.- A Multi-Channel Dissemination System Based on Time-Series Clustering Mechanism for On-Line News Articles.- Query Aspects I.- Optimizing Queries in Extended Relational Databases.- Reducing the Location Query Cost Based on Behavior-Based Strategy.- Extending RDBMS for Allowing Fuzzy Quantified Queries.- Knowledge Aspects I.- Knowledge Decay in a Normalised Knowledge Base.- A Structured Testing Methodology for Knowledge-Based Systems.- Semantic Verification of Rule-Based Systems with Arithmetic Constraints.- Data Warehouses I.- View Selection in OLAP Environment.- Storage Management of a Historical Web Warehousing System.- Range-Max/Min Query in OLAP Data Cube.- Advanced Databases II.- Temporal Databases with Null Values.- Improving Temporal Joins Using Histograms.- Providing Topically Sorted Access to Subsequently Released Newspaper Editions or: How to Build Your Private Digital Library.- Query Aspects II.- Cost Estimation for Large Queries via Fractional Analysis and Probabilistic Approach in Dynamic Multidatabase Environments.- Lazy Query Enrichment: A Method for Indexing Large Specialized Document Bases with Morphology and Concept Hierarchy.- Extending the Re-use of Query Results at Remote Client Sites.- Knowledge Aspects II.- Discovering and Representing InterSchema Semantic Knowledge in a Cooperative Multi-Information Server Environment.- A Description Logics-Like Model for a Knowledge and Data Management System.- An Ontology Driven Approach to Ontology Translation.- Data Warehouses II.- A Temporal Object-Oriented Data Warehouse Model.- Process-Oriented Requirement Analysis Supporting the Data Warehouse Design Process A Use Case Driven Approach.- On Data Warehouse and GIS Integration.- Advanced Databases III.- Semi-automatic extraction of hyponymies and overlappings from heterogeneous database schemes.- Constraint Satisfaction for Reconciling Heterogeneous Tree Databases.- A Mobile Agent Carrier Environment for Mobile Information Retrieval.- Query Aspects III.- A Skew-Insensitive Algorithm for Join and Multi-join Operations on Shared Nothing Machines.- An Interface to Databases for Flexible Query Answering: A Fuzzy-Set Approach.- Lattice-structured Domains, Imperfect Data and Inductive Queries.- Analysis and Design.- Preprocessing of Requirements Specification.- Analyzing Enterprises: The Value Cycle Approach.- Ontological Design Patterns: Metadata of Molecular Biological Ontologies, Information and Knowledge.- Data Mining, Knowledge Discovery.- Exploiting the Duality of Maximal Frequent Itemsets and Minimal Infrequent Itemsets for I/O Efficient Association Rule Mining.- Data Mining Using Query Flocks with Views.- A KDD Experience Factory: Using Textual CBR for Reusing Lessons Learned.- Completing missing values using discovered formal concepts.- Advanced Databases IV.- Extending Datalog with Declarative Updates.- Design and Implementation of the OLOG Deductive Object-Oriented Database Management System.- Query Aspects IV.- On Multi-Dimensional Sorting Orders.- Scalable Visual Hierarchy Exploration.- A Knowledge Based Paradigm for Querying Databases.- Using the Web I.- Performance Analysis of Web Database Systems.- WDBQS: A Unified Access to Distant Databases Via a Simple Web-Tool.- Performance Issues of a Web Database.- Indexing.- Improving the Performance of High-Energy Physics Analysis through Bitmap Indices.- A Fast Convergence Technique for Online Heatbalancing of Btree Indexed Database over Shared-nothing Parallel Systems.- Indexing Semistructured Data Using PATRICIA Tree.- Applications I.- MegaStore: Advanced Internet-based E-Commerce Service for Music Industry.- Supporting Public Browsing of an Art Gallery Collections Database.- DIMS: Implementation of a Federated Information Management System for PRODNET II.- Using the Web II.- A Formal Treatment of a SACReD Protocol for Multidatabase Web Transactions.- Generic Architecture of Web Servers Supporting Cooperative Work.- Internet Search Technologies & XML.- Distributed Aspects.- Distributed Storage and Revocation in Digital Certificate Databases.- Fine Grained Replication in Distributed Databases: A Taxonomy and Practical Considerations.- A Change Impact Analysis Approach For CORBA-Based Federated Databases.- Applications II.- A qualitative formalization of built environments.- Experimenting NUMA for Scaleable CDR Processing.- SPICE: A Flexible Architecture for Integrating Autonomous Databases to Comprise a Distributed Catalogue of Life.- Multimedia Databases I - continuation.- MISE: The MediaSys Image Search Engine.


The economical theory of value divides into the materialist theory of value and metaphysics theory of value. The former includes the theory of essential factor value the theory of labor value and various schools while the latter containing the theory of utility value and the theory of marginal utility value. Marxist theory of labor value showed the essence of value according to the materialist logic and proceeded to state the scientific theory of contradictions and rules which exist in the course of social economics' operation. On the contrary the theory of utility value and the theory of marginal utility value analyze value by using metaphysics knowledge outlook as its starting point.


BACKGROUND
Gender disparities in the incidence and complications of kidney diseases are well described. However, analysis to elucidate gender disparities in enrollment in nephrology randomized clinical trials (RCTs) has not been performed.

METHODS
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of high impact nephrology RCTs published between 2000-2021. We. included RCTs enrolling participants age ≥18 in the following categories: 1) chronic kidney disease (CKD); 2) acute kidney injury (AKI); 3) glomerulonephritis (GN); 4) maintenance dialysis; and 5) kidney transplantation. We summarized trial characteristics according to reporting and enrollment of participants, enrollment site, publication year, trial category, and intervention type. Outcomes of interest include the proportion of enrolled male and female participants overall and according to trial category. Additionally, we compared enrollment trends in the United States and globally to estimates of kidney disease prevalence.

RESULTS
The majority of qualifying trials (373/380, 98%) reported the distribution of male and female participants. Enrollment was imbalanced overall with male participants accounting for 62% (n=215,850) of the enrolled participants and female participants for just 38% (n=133,082). Male participants formed the majority of trial cohorts in AKI (65%), CKD (62%), Dialysis (55%) and transplant trials (65%), whereas women were majority enrollees in glomerulonephritis trials (61%). CKD trials under-represented women in both US trials and worldwide.

CONCLUSION
Women are under-represented in high impact nephrology trials with the exception of GN trials. This imbalance may contribute to disparities in outcomes and gaps in the care of women with kidney disease.


In this paper, a new data hiding method has been proposed. The proposed method uses the logical AND operation on the binary value of pixel intensity and binary value of the pixel portion. The message bit is inserted according to the result of logical AND operation. This method makes steganalysis more difficult because it distributes the message uniformly on all the bits of pixel value. The experimental results share that it provides better value of PSNR values than some of the existing investigated methods.


We revisit the calculation of multi-interval modular Hamiltonians for free fermions using a Euclidean path integral approach. We show how the multi-interval modular flow is obtained by gluing together the single interval modular flows. Using this relation, we obtain an exact expression for the multi-interval modular Hamiltonian and entanglement entropy in agreement with existing results. Our procedure allows for a simple derivation of the non-local field theory describing the reduced density matrix, and makes manifest it's non-local conformal symmetry and U(1) Kacs-Moody symmetry. ar X iv :1 80 5. 10 65 1v 2 [ he pth ] 1 5 N ov 2 01 8


Traditionally, sedimentation and self-weight consolidation have been viewed as physically distinct processes requiring separate treatment. Relatively recently, Pane and Schiffman1 and also Philip and Smiles2 have suggested that the two processes may be described by a single partial differential equation, essentially that of Gibson et al.3 The former suggests a modification of Terzaghi's effective stress principle while the paper by Philip and Smiles suggests that a suitable modelling of material properties is sufficient. We have adopted the latter approach by allowing for the compressibility of the material in question to change abruptly from finite values to infinity in the so-called transition region which delineates that portion of space where effective stress is zero from that where effective stress in non-zero. This procedure gives rise to serious difficulties when trying to solve the governing partial differential equation numerically. These difficulties are circumvented by using a relatively new numerical technique known as the Moving Finite Element (MFE) method. The MFE method is especially effective in solving problems having solutions that characteristically exhibit shock-like structure. The modelling of sedimentation and self-weight consolidation from a single governing model is an ideal candidate for MFE due to the abrupt, almost discontinuous change in void ratio displayed in the transition region.


Renal involvement by tuberculosis leads to fibrosis and multi focal stricturing of calyces with formation of hydrocalyces. The obstructed calyceal system accumulates caseous pus within it which eventually calcifies. This obstructed and calcified kidney is non-functional and is referred to 'putty kidney' and this cascade of fibrosis, stricture formation, calcification with complete loss of function is called as autonephrectomy (1,2).


The child's visual perception is limited by immaturities in the nervous system beginning in the retina and continuing through the primary visual cortex to extrastriate visual cortex and beyond (see Fig. 8.1). At any given age during development, there are differential effects of these immaturities on different aspects of visual perception. Because the elimination of these constraints does not progress on a single developmental trajectory, it is never the case that the child's visual perception overall is a fraction of that of an adult (e.g., never half as good overall). Most—but not all—of these developmental trajectories depend on visual experience, that is, visual input is critical for tuning the neural underpinnings of most aspects of visual perception. When the input is missing, even for a brief period of time, the refinement fails to occur. For this chapter, we have chosen visual capabilities that illustrate these points. We will begin by describing retinal limitations and their effect on the development of visual acuity. We will continue by describing limitations in the primary visual cortex, illustrated by their impact on the control of eye movements despite sufficient function to mediate orientation perception. The next section concerns limitations in both the dorsal and ventral streams of the visual cortex, illustrated by perceptual capabilities that require integration of local signals processed in the primary visual cortex by higher level visual areas to yield a perception of global motion and global form, respectively. Throughout, we summarize the evidence on neural limitations and relate it to developmental changes in visual capabilities. We also consider how a period of visual deprivation from bilateral congenital cataracts affects subsequent development. The cataracts blocked all patterned visual input during infancy until they were removed surgically and the eyes fitted with compensatory optical correction, usually contact lenses. Despite treatment early in infancy, these patients had later deficits in many aspects of vision. These "sleeper effects" indicate that early visual input—at a time when the visual nervous system is very immature—sets up the neural architecture for later refinement. In its absence, those later improvements fail to occur. In the last section, we consider general principles that emerge about brain development and visual perception.


However, I would like to ask if the authors are aware of the paper by Vrac et al. (2016). This paper builds on Themeážd̄l et al. (2012) by introducing the SSR method, which is a flexible precipitation occurrence-bias-adjusting method that can also correct a negative wet day bias. This is the only advanced method deliberately constructed to adjust models with too few wet days, yet this is not discussed in the paper. It would be interesting to read at least a discussion on the differences between this method (based


In this paper the September 11 events are seen as an important motivation to
rethink various issues related to globalism. Although many positive outcomes of
globalisation can be identified, many paradoxes emerge as the process are
enfolding. Most of these paradoxes relate to economic globalisation. To place this
into perspective the, the evolution of the nation-state, the concept of territorium and
space, and the market need to be considered. The conversion of the nation-state into
the competitive state marks a cornerstone in this development which prove to be
disastrous to Third world countries. The South African position in the unfolding of
globalisation is briefly investigated with reference to Nepad and its potential to
make the African continent a meaningful player in the global game.


This note is a response to Omar Bashir's 2015 paper "Testing inferences about American politics: A review of the 'oligarchy' result," Research & Politics 2(4).


PURPOSE: A polymer electrolyte membrane is provided to ensure good miscibility, excellent durability, high conductivity, improved mechanical strength, and excellent dimensional stability. CONSTITUTION: A polymer electrolyte membrane includes a porous base membrane(22) and electrolytes dispersed within the pores(46) of the base membrane. The electrolytes include metal oxide compounds having acid functionality. The membrane is compatible, durable, highly conductive, mechanically strong and dimensionally stable.


In addition to the manufacturing process, the documentary contains analytic reflections through philosophical and anthropological perspectives. They are made by philosophy Professor Graham Harman and anthropology Professor Ramy Aly.


The high-temperature annealing of nanodiamonds with sizes typical of ultradisperse diamonds is studied with atomistic simulations using a recent and accurate classical reactive potential. At 3000 K, the complete transformation of the particles into carbon onions made of five to seven concentric fullerenes occurs according to a three-step mechanism: i formation of two to three graphitic shells at the surface, ii transformation of the diamond core into an amorphous sp2 carbon, and iii reorganization of the core into concentric fullerene layers. At lower temperatures, the transformation stops at step i and the final structure is made of a diamond core surrounded by a few fullerene shells. The analysis of the internal pressure of the diamond core reveals that this state is metastable.


This paper describes certain preliminary investigations undertaken to clarify the problem of combining X and gamma radiation in carcinoma of the cervix uteri, and attempts to pave the way for a possible routine procedure. It tries to translate certain ideas on spatial distributions of radiations (Mayneord, 1939 (a), 1939 (b), to the particular problem of carcinoma cervix uteri. The need for a logical combination of X and gamma radiation has been stressed in previous publications (Sandler, 1942, 1941, and 1938). In the planning of a combined technique it is necessary to determine in advance the amount of distribution of dose contributed by each type of radiation. These distributions must be varied to suit the individual patient. In earlier work the dose at selected points for certain techniques had been calculated (Sandler, 1942, 1941, and 1938). The method employed proved too laborious for estimations at more than a few such points. By the invention of the dose-finder Mayneord, (1939 (a), 1941 (d) has bee...


Two substitution derivates of β cyclodextrin,β His1 and β His2 were dynthesized and characterized succesively by simulating deoxyribonuclease to catalyze hydrolytic reactions of deoxyribonucleic acid,their acitivities in hydrolysis of deoxyribonucleic acid being compared with DNase Ⅰ.The result demonstrates that they are capable of hydrolyzing DNA.The activety of one of the two substituting derivatives is higher than deoxyribonuclase,the activity of the other,however,is very prominent,this activation behavior having some chacteristics like that of positive synergistic effect.


According to the World Health Organization, falls are the second leading cause of accidental or unintentional injury deaths worldwide. In order to address this issue from a fall prevention perspective, I began developing a footwear device to give feedback to the user on their walking. In this iteration, I've identified characteristics to distinguish between shuffling and walking strides for implementation in a threshold-based algorithm and the device created was effective in making this distinction with a 74.65% accuracy and 73.17% sensitivity. The errors identified are those common to threshold-based algorithms and can be corrected in future iterations with a more sensitive threshold and stride detection method. Moving forward, the device can be improved in order to be integrated into a feedback device for the intended user. Thesis Supervisor: Leia Stirling Tile: Charles Stark Draper Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics


A conference scheme enables a group of people to establish a common secret key to hold a secure conference. Recently, technological advances have allowed all conferees to hold a mobile conference via wireless communication. However, wireless communications are more susceptible to eavesdropping and unauthorised access than conversations via wires. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure confidentially and authenticity in mobile teleconferencing. Based on the Elliptic Curve Cryptography, this article proposes a new efficient conference scheme, which allows a participant to join or quit a teleconference dynamically. No trusted centre and no interactive protocol among participants are required to construct the common conference key for each session. It can save on communication overhead.


INTRODUCTION Reliable associations between adults and larvae can only be established by rearing, but this is often very Pteroptyx valida Olivier is a flashing firefly known to difficult (Archangelsky & Branham, 1998). If use a copulation clamp during mating (review in successful rearing confirms the associations, as Ballantyne, 200lb); Consequently, much is known happened here, the problem then becomes one of about the behaviour, light patterns and biology of substantiating the association. Lloyd & Walker (1967) adults of this species, but little about the larval lamented the situation where biologists who name morphology, a common situation in the Lampyridae. their experimental material fail nevertheless to properly identify it. They advocated the use of The dearth of information about the immature stages of vouchered specimens, to overcome the problem of North American fIreflies was noted by Archangelsky & erroneous or questionable species identification. All Branham (1998). The situation is no better in the material examined here fulfils the criteria for Australasian region and the Luciolinae in particular, vouchered specimens and is deposited as such. where lack of knowledge of larval morphology hinders phylogenetic analysis (Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2000), The external morphology of Pteroptyx valida final and prevents COrrect larval identification. Apart from instar larvae from Selangor Malaysia is described (and Bugnion's (1922) extensive treatment of the European all the instars distinguished for the fIrst time), and a species Luciola lusitanica, publications addressing consistent erminology of the ventral abdominal plates larvae (see discussion) often describe external developed. Within this more complete framework for morphology so briefly, if at all, that subsequent description of Luciolinae larvae the pertinent literature identification is virtually impossible. Few of these is readdressed. The associated reared adults are briefly publications deal with identified larvae (i.e. associated characterised to confirm this association and our by rearing), and for many, the focus was other than identifications. The ethanol preserved adults were larval morphology. killed soon after emergence, and certain features of the


Background: Individualized growth assessment (IGA) compares anatomic measurements to their expected 3 rd TM trajectories, with each fetus being its own control. The Rossavik growth model uses 2 nd TM velocity slopes to derive model coefficients. Slope data is usually obtained from 2 or 3 scans between 18 and 26 weeks, menstrual age (MA). This study examines the feasibility of IGA model specification from only 2 scans at 14 and 18 weeks, MA. Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal study of 27 fetuses that had 3DUS scans between 14 and 38 weeks, MA


Summary form only given. The Earth's plasmasphere is a region of dense plasma, originating in the ionosphere, extending nearly to geostationary orbit. The precise extent of the plasmasphere is dynamic, particularly during geomagnetic active conditions. Knowing the exact distribution of plasma in the plasmasphere is important as an input to coupled magnetospheric models. In particular, density gradients inside the plasmasphere and at the plasmapause, are important in controlling waves which are responsible for the growth and decay of the radiation belts. At the most basic level the plasmasphere can be described in terms of plasma exchange with the ionosphere and convection due to an imposed electric field. At that level plasmasphere modeling is relatively simple. However there is currently insufficient knowledge of the drivers, particularly the electric field, to model the plasmasphere boundaries at the most accurate level to provide sufficient quality inputs to wave and radiation belt models.


Abstract Background The first approval of a checkpoint inhibitor was granted in 2011. Methods We retrospectively examined all approvals of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) granted until January 2019 by FDA. Data regarding the type of approval, cancer type, treatment indication, and endpoints were extracted from the FDA website and from publications. Results Fifteen therapeutic indications, including agnostic approvals, among seven CPIs have been approved for solid and hematologic malignancies. Of a total of 41 FDA approvals, nine (21.95%) were approved for the first-line of therapy and 32 (78.05%) for subsequent lines. Fourteen (34.15%) approvals, six (14.63%) in the first-line and eight (19.51%) in the subsequent lines, were granted approval based on overall survival (OS). Twenty-seven (65.85%) approvals (regular and accelerated) were granted based on surrogate endpoints: two (4.88%) using the response rate (RR), 20 (48.78%) using RR and the duration of rsponse (DOR); two (4.88%) using RR, progression-free survival (PFS) and DOR; two (4.88%) using relapse-free survival (RFS), and one (2.44%) using PFS alone. Table shows the distribution of these approvals in the first or subsequent lines. Table . 168P FDA approvals Lines of treatment # for RR (%) # for RR and DOR (%) # for RR, PFS, and DOR (%) # for RFS (%) # for PFS (%) # for OS (%) Total (%) First-line 0 (0) 1 (2.44) 2 (4.88) 0 (0) 0 (0) 6 (14.63) 9 (21.95) Subsequent lines 2 (4.88) 19 (46.34) 0 (0) 2 (4.88) 1 (2.44) 8 (19.51) 32 (78.05) Total 2 (4.88) 20 (48.78) 2(4.88) 2 (4.88) 1 (2.44) 14 (34.15) 41 (100) Of the total of 41 FDA approvals, 23 (56.10%) were accelerated and 18 (43.90%) regular. Three (7.32%) and 20 (48.78%) were accelerated approvals for the first and subsequent lines, respectively. Six (14.63%) and 12 (29.27%) were regular approvals in the first and subsequent lines, respectively. Conclusion RR and DOR were the most frequently approved surrogate endpoints, most often for use in later lines of therapy. The majority of CPI approvals need to confirm the real impact on the patients' survival, since approximately one third of these approvals were based on the OS. Accelerated approvals based on surrogate endpoints were also preferentially granted for later lines of therapy, where such decisions may have a modest impact on the patients' survival. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure The author has declared no conflicts of interest.


In this issue we have the pleasure of presenting four interesting contributions. The first one is a theoretical discussion by Wolfgang Framke addressing the professional understanding of the notion destination – a key concept in tourism literature. Framke's analysis is based on the insights and definitions that have been elaborated on in various tourism textbooks and similar contributions over a period of several decades. The study assumes that there is a striking difference between the understanding and perception of the concept of destination according to professional disciplines. Businessoriented economists and sociologists (or socio-culturally-oriented researchers) emphasize dissimilar aspects, as the former category highlights the need for cooperation among the various actors at a certain destination in order to provide a holistic tourism product, while the latter focuses on social practice as the core element that binds tourists, attractions etc. together in what builds up a tourism space or place (and hence the term 'destination' is often not used at all by sociologists). From the economists' perspective, the tourist is mainly seen as a consumer, whereas the sociologists' viewpoint, in addition, is that the tourist must be perceived as an experience-seeking social actor. Thus, the paper outlines and clarifies the prevailing professional perspectives regarding the various and often somewhat confusing comprehensions of the concept of destination. We also present two papers introducing historical aspects of the development of two different and important tourism products. The first addresses the ownership of private cottages and houses that are used for recreational purposes, a phenomenon that is widespread throughout the whole of Scandinavia, and in this paper, Gunther Tress deals with the development of second-home (sommerhuse) tourism in Denmark. His study is based on a chronological historical overview of this major tourism expansion from the very beginning of the 19th century up to the present day situation. The different stages are described and analysed with regard to the economic, social and cultural factors in Danish society that have been decisive societal forces behind this growth, and the specific character of the second-homes in different periods and regions are discussed in a similar way. From the 1960s and onwards, the industry entered the international market as tourists from neighbouring countries, especially Germany, also became aware of the attractiveness associated with second-home stays in Denmark. The reader will hopefully find this contribution to be an interesting knowledge...........................................................................................


Single biomarkers have limited utility to date in guiding RA clinical care. Machine learning algorithms may better identify and stratify RA patients with differential outcomes.To determine if unsupervised machine learning methods can be employed in a racially and ethnically diverse RA cohort to identify clusters of patients with different disease activity trajectories, as measured by DAS28ESR.Data are derived from the longitudinal, observational University of California, San Francisco RA Cohort. Along with routine labs, medications and disease activity assessments, a multiple biomarker of disease activity (MBDA) panel was obtained at each visit. The MBDA measures 12 serum biomarkers. Four patient clusters were identified by unsupervised K-prototype clustering after collapsing all observations into a cross sectional dataset. Plots were created to display longitudinal disease activity trajectories for each cluster. Lasso regression was applied to identify biomarkers associated with DAS28ESR.We identified 4 distinct clusters in our cohort (Table 1) with visually different disease activity trajectories (Fig. 1). Cluster 1 (n=116) was older (63.6±9.7), had the highest proportion of Asian participants (n=73, 63%) with the most study visits and longest disease duration. Cluster 2 (n=70) had the highest mean DAS28ESR (5.5±0.7), and the highest mean dose of prednisone (8.6±4.9 mg/day). Cluster 3 had the lowest number of participants (n=14), study visits and lowest biologic use (28.6%). Cluster 4 was the largest cluster (n=173) with the shortest disease duration (4.9±3.8 years) and highest biologic use (61.3%). In the Lasso regressions, leptin was found to have significant positive associations with DAS28ESR in the whole group as well as Clusters 2 and 4. EGF had negative associations with DAS28ESR in the whole group, Cluster 1 and 4. CRP had positive associations with DAS28ESR in the whole group and Cluster 1. YKL40 and VCAM1 were found to have significant associations in Clusters 1 and 3, respectively.We identified 4 unique clusters of RA patients in a racially and ethnically diverse longitudinal cohort with different disease activity trajectories and biomarkers associated with disease activity. Although additional work is needed to explore longitudinal outcomes in each cluster, the application of machine learning methods may identify unique combinations of patient and disease characteristics influencing RA clinical outcomes.Table 1.Demographics and clinical characteristics of the RA cohort. Biomarkers significantly associated with DAS28ESR were determined by Lasso regression Values listed are per standard deviation of each biomarker.Overall(N=373)Cluster 1 (N=116)Cluster 2 (N=70)Cluster 3 (N=14)Cluster 4 (N=173)Demographics:Age54.8 ± 3.663.6 ± 9.750.8 ± 14.958.2 ± 15.850.3 ± 12.1Female Sex318 (85%)101 (87%)57 (81%)11 (79%)149 (86%)Race: Hispanic/Latino181 (49%)22 (19%)47 (67%)5 (36%)107 (62%) Asian123 (33%)73 (63%)8 (11%)6 (43%)36 (21%) Black35 (9%)12 (10%)8 (11%)2 (14%)13 (8%) White & Other34 (9%)9 (7%)7 (10%)1 (7%)17 (10%)Clinical Characteristics:Rheumatoid Factor315 (85%)104 (90%)56 (80%)13 (93%)142 (82%)ACPA297 (80%)98 (85%)54 (77%)12 (86%)133 (77%)Disease Duration7.8 ± 7.613.7 ± 9.75.4 ± 4.66.7 ± 5.74.9 ± 3.8csDMARD344 (92%)108 (93%)63 (90%)13 (93%)160 (93%)Biologic DMARD185 (50%)45 (39%)30 (43%)4 (29%)106 (61%)Prednisone Dose6.7 ± 3.86.0 ± 4.08.6 ± 4.95.8 ± 1.46.3 ± 2.8Body Mass Index28.2 ± 4.526.6 ± 3.828.7 ± 3.828.0 ± 6.229.1 ± 4.7DAS28ESR4.2 ± 1.14.2 ± 1.05.5 ± 0.83.9 ± 0.83.7 ± 0.9Lasso Results:EGF-0.16*-0.41***-----0.20**Leptin0.15**--0.21*--0.21**c-reactive protein0.34**0.51***------VCAM1-------0.73*--YKL40--0.26*-------EGF: epidermal growth factor; VCAM1: Vascular cell adhesion protein 1; YKL40: Chitinase-3-like protein 1.-*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001Figure 1.DAS28ESR trajectory plots with 95%CIs for the whole cohort and by cluster.This work was supported by the Rheumatology Research Foundation Scientist Development Award.None declared


The laminaria tent has become increasingly popular as a reliable means of gradual dilatation and softening of the cervix prior to termination of early pregnancy.
This method has been found to be relatively safe and is associated with few complications.
Inadequate dilatation may render evacuation of uterine cavity difficult, resulting in prolonged bleeding, cervical laceration and pelvic inflammatory diseases(PID), and prolonged retention of laminaria fragments is an unusual complication of laminaria usage.
After that, the patient complained dysmenorrhea, leucorrhea, irregular spotting and secondary infertility. The prolonged retained laminaria fragments were diagnosed by hysterosalpingography and ultrasonography. By the dilatation of the cervix, suction curettage, and forceps removal, approximately 2 large and 15 small fragments were completely evacuated.
I described an unusual case of prolonged retained laminaria after a midtrimester abortion and made discussion involving some literatures.


Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa (*1957, Inhaminga) is the current president of AEMO (Association of Mozambican Writers). In the last two decades he became one of the most skilled intermediaries between Bantu cultures and Portuguese language. His work is undoubtedly central to the process of cultural awareness in Mozambique. Some of the core issues of his books are the rediscovery of the pre-colonial and colonial past, the construction of an integrative historical memory and the mediation between rural and urban space. This interview took place on July 17, 2014, in AEMO's headquarters in Maputo.


Introduction: Acute Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding results in 5% of admissions to an Emergency Department/Room (ER), with mortality rates ranging from 2 to 15%. To predict the outcomes of these patients, multiple scoring systems have been developed. Early detection of individuals at high risk of mortality could allow for more targeted care including specialised care and early therapies, which could improve outcomes. Glasgow Blatchford Score (GBS), Pre-endoscopy and Rockall score, AIMS65 (Albumin, International Normalized Ratio , Altered Mental status, Systolic blood pressure, Age >65 years), and the recently proposed ABC (Age, Blood parameters, Co-morbidities) score are some of the risk scores that have been devised for risk stratification. According to recent studies, the discriminative performance of these current scores for predicting patient mortality is relatively weak. Aim: To compare the risk scores for predicting in-hospital mortality among patients presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal bleed. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients referred to the Emergency Department/ Room of a tertiary care hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, with an acute upper GI bleed (characterised as haematemesis, coffee-colored vomitus, or melena) from July 2018 to June 2020. Data collected from medical records included detailed clinical history, vitals, relevant blood investigations, patient requirement for blood transfusion, endoscopic therapy, surgical procedures, radiological intervention along with mortality. The data was analysed using appropriate biostatistics Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0, paired t-tests were performed to calculate the p-values and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study comprised a total of 112 patients. The study population's median age was 53 years, with a male predominance (83.92%). The presenting complaint was haematemesis in 76.79% of the patients and melena in 23.21%. Ischaemic heart disease (10.71%), cirrhosis (25%), and malignancy (2.68%) were the most common co-morbidities. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade III accounted for 45.3%, ASA grade II for 25.6%, and ASA grade I for 28.6%. Following endoscopy, the source of upper gastrointestinal bleed was noted to be variceal in 39.3% of cases, gastric/duodenal ulcers in 25.9%, erosive changes in 16.1%, and tumour bleed in 2.7% of cases. Endoscopic mode of treatment was performed in 44.6% and 0.9% required surgical intervention. Mortality occurred in 11 patients (9.82%). Based on Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC), AIMS65 excelled over other scores in predicting mortality {AIIMS-65 (AUROC; 95% CI) 0.908 (0.85 to 0.97); p-value <0.001, GlasgowBlatchford score (GBS) 0.818 (0.71-0.93) p-value <0.001, PreRockall 0.756 (0.63-0.89) p-value <0.001, Rockall 0.894 (0.82- 0.97) p-value <0.001, ABC 0.778 (0.65-0.90) p-value=0.003}. Conclusion: Systolic blood pressure, heart rate, blood urea, International Normalized Ratio (INR), and albumin showed significant association with mortality. Risk scores encompassing albumin have better mortality prediction. AIMS65 outperformed other risk scores in predicting mortality, even outperforming the postendoscopy rockall score. Hence, AIMS65 can be used to stratify patients in the emergency room early to reduce mortality


By focusing on the realization of high precision,high speed and high storage depth data process which is the key issue to be solved in modern electronic area,through the comparison of several frequently used memorizer,the basic working principal of DDR SDRAM as well as how to use it to realize high speed,high memory depth data process are introduced in this paper.Furthermore,the design process of high speed data acquisition system applying DDR SDRAM is shown.


We present a low energy electron diffraction (LEED) study of the initial stages of epitaxial growth of silicon on silicon with emphasis on the growth mechanisms involved. Silicon is evaporated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. We used pulsed laser irradiation and thermal annealing for surface preparation and show that epitaxial growth can take place on surfaces, prepared by either procedure. We determined the epitaxial temperature (defined with electron diffraction) for Si(111) and Si(100) substrates. We also used 4.0° vicinal oriented Si(111) to determine the influence of a large number of misorientation steps on the growth mechanism. The (100) epitaxial temperature equals 470 K, much lower than that of Si(111) which is found to be 870 K. The use of vicinal (111) surfaces lowers the epitaxial temperature to 770 K. Pulsed laser irradiation was not only used to prepare clean and ordered substrate surfaces, but also as a means to prepare the metastable Si(111) surface, exhibiting a (1×1) LEED pattern. The ...


We have observed the protostellar system in S 140 at 2.2, 3.1 and 3.45 μm using a 128x128 InSb array camera with the Lick Observatory 3m telescope. We have developed a simple model of this region which has been used to derive the physical conditions of the dust and gas. IRS1 is surrounded by a dense dusty disk viewed almost edge-on. Photons leaking out through the poles of the disk illuminate the inner edge of a surrounding shell of molecular gas as seen at locations NW and VLA4. The optical depth at K through the poles of the disk is about 0.22, while AV =30 towards IRS1. Analysis of the observed colors and intensities of the NIR light, using Mie scattering theory, reveals that the dust grains in the molecular cloud are somewhat larger than in the general diffuse interstellar medium. Moreover, the incident light has a "cool" color temperature,' 850−900K, and likely originates from a dust photosphere close to the protostar. There is little H2O ice associated with the dusty disk around IRS1. Most of the 3.1 μm ice extinction arises instead from cool intervening molecular cloud material. We have also compared our infrared dust observations with millimeter and radio observations of molecular gas associated with this region. The large scale structure observable in the molecular gas is indicative of the interaction between the protostellar wind and the surrounding molecular cloud rather than the geometry of the protostellar disk. We conclude that S 140 is a young blister formed by this outflow on the side of a molecular cloud and viewed edge-on.


To realize real time object tracking in complex environments, a kernel based MIL (KMIL) algorithm is proposed. The KMIL employs the Gaussian kernel function to deal with the inner product used in the weighted MIL (WMIL) algorithm. The method avoids computing the pos-likely-hood and neg-likely-hood many times, which results in a much faster tracker. To track an object with different motion, the searching areas for cropping the instances are varied according to the object's size. Furthermore, an adaptive classifier updating strategy is presented to handle with the occlusion, pose variations and illumination changes. A similar score range is defined with respect to two given thresholds and a similar score from the second frame. Then, the learning rate will be set to be a small value when a similar score is out of the range. In contrast, a big learning rate is used. Finally, we compare its performance with that of the state-of-art algorithms on several classical videos. The experimental results show that the presented KMIL algorithm is faster and robust to the partial occlusion, pose variations and illumination changes.


Objectives: To correlate sedentary behaviors with the deteriorating health status to provide awareness to the people as well to introduce advantages through active lifestyles.
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 130 teaching faculty members from February to July 2017. The study was conducted at three universities of Sindh Jamshoro. The participants were aged from 40 to 80 years that had risk factors as obesity and cardiovascular disease. We used self-administrated Daily Activities GHQ David Goldberg and Mc-gill pain questionnaires.
Results: There was a significant association between a sedentary lifestyle and deteriorating health factors. The variables including daily activities and health status were observed about 56% and active lifestyle represents 55% of good health status while the sedentary lifestyle was about 17% representing bad health status with 16%.
Conclusion: Good health status had the most prevalent rate in health-related behavior as compared to other lifestyle factors. An association between daily activities and health status determines that individuals who are not physically active are more likely at risk for deteriorating health status. Further research will help healthcare professionals to give patients awareness about the effects of a sedentary lifestyle and to motivate them to become physically active.


Liberal arts institutions have long been known for seeing teaching as a primary mission. Their methods for recognizing exemplary teaching are discussed in this chapter.


Antistatic ceramic tiles was prepared by adding 15wt% or more synthesized Sb-doped SnO2 into their glazes. The tiles have the surface resistivity ρs of 1.40 × 106 to 5 × 108 Ω×cm. The conduction mechanism was analyzed and it was shown that the electrostatic charges are eliminated by the network formed by the Sb-doped SnO2 distributed in the glaze.


The more diversified in habits and structure the descendants of our carnivorous animal became, the more places they would be enabled to occupy. What applies to one animal will apply throughout all time to all animals… So it will be with plants. It has been experimentally proved, that if a plot of ground be sown with several distinct genera of grasses, a greater number of plants and a greater weight of dry herbage can thus be raised. The same has been found to hold good when first one variety and then several mixed varieties of wheat have been sown on equal spaces of ground. Hence, if any one species of grass were to go on varying, and those varieties were continually selected which differed from each other in at all of the same manner as distinct species and genera of grasses differ from each other, a greater number of individual plants of this species of grass, including its descendants, would succeed in living on the same piece of ground.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study some of the business and legal problems experienced by the licensed trade and to explore the need for greater control for entry to the industry.Design/methodology/approach – The approach taken has been to use an overview of the function of professional and trade bodies together with a detailed analysis relevant to the licensed trade.Findings – The findings are that the dangers of anti‐social behaviour resulting from alcohol consumption, coupled with the activities of some licensees, suggest that a more professional group of licensees could benefit employees and consumers.Research limitations/implications – The research is limited by being desk‐based.Originality/value – The extra demands to gain a licence could be unpopular but, if the proposals led to fewer examples of business failure, a greater proficiency in dealing with customers and a greater awareness of the dangers of alcohol, then it would be of real benefit to the public. Is a Licence to Trade the w...


China produces a large amount of edible fungi.Most Edible fungi can secret enzymes that can degrade hydrolyzing cellulose,hemi-cellulose and lignin.These edible fungi could take advantage of many kinds of agricultural wastes such as wheat straw,wood dust and cotton seed hulls,and thus have a wide application.The article reviewed the research advance of extracellular hydrolases produced by edible fungi,including their categories,fermentation conditions,physical and chemical characters,gene cloning,and so on.


The influence of hydrogen on processes nanocrystallization in containing hafnium amorphous alloys on a basis of quasi binary system TiNi-TiCu with effect of memory of the form is experimentally investigated.


In the symbolic masterpiece of The Scarlet Letter, a great number of the symbols employed by Hawthorne are related to the Holy Bible. Biblical factors help increase the aesthetic value of the novel, deepen its allegorical significance and therefore contribute to its overall success. This paper intends to trace the Biblical characters and images Hawthorne has alluded to in The Scarlet Letter, and with detailed texual envidence to analyse the effect of these highly Biblical symbols.


Distributed shared memory (DSM) systems combine the advantages of shared memory multiproces-sors and distributed systems. The value of DSM systems primarily depends on the expressiveness of their consistency model and on implementation ee-ciency which are contradicting goals. In this paper, we sketch existing DSM consistency models and develop a model which allows to eeciently deal with shared objects.


It is a well known fact that , in the Tian-bao(天寶) 14th year of Emperor Xuan-zong(玄宗), Anlushan(安綠山) raised an army in November, and it caused the An-Shi Rebellion(安史의 亂), which led to a lot of changes in the society of Tang(唐). Around Emperor Xuan-zong``s early Kai-yuan(開元), the location of Fanzhens(藩鎭) which were established around Emperor Xuan-zong``s early Kai-yuan within borderland expanded to inland and provided the foundation of the so-called the System of Fanzhen(藩鎭體制) which is one of the various changes after the An-Shi Rebellion. The fact that Fanzhen, which was originally for the defense of the boundary, expanded to inland seems to have been deeply associated with the urgent political condition from November in the Tian-bao 14th year to July next year. Emperor Xuan-zong who took refuge to Sichuan(四川) announced a countermeasure against the rebellion on July 15 in Zhideyuannian(至德元年) of Emperor Suzong(肅宗). That announcement was a result of the particular and inevitable situation following the An-Shi Rebellion, but it became the concrete basis where expanded Fanzhen exercised a huge power by the expansion to inland and granting the right to select local government officials. After the An-Shi Rebellion, the central government had tried to withdraw the right to select the officials and the Secretary(幕職官). Nonetheless, Fanzhen could continually select new officials and the Secretary. Through the An-Shi Rebellion, the expaned Fanzhen played various administrative roles as well as military ones. Thus that made the administrative structure of Fanzhen more complex and increased the number of administrative officials and varied the kinds of the Secretary of Fanzhen. As a result, it is a understandable fact that while the leverage of the central government on local administration was weakened, the roles of Fanzhen was much strengthened. Particularly, since the Secretary of Fanzhen did the administrative tasks of their own Fanzhen, and also played the role of local officials, they were considered to be significant by both the central government and Fanzhen itself. In other words, in order for Tang government to be involved in local administration, it needed their cooperation, and within Fanzhen, Fanzhen and local administration by them was treated significantly so that Fanzhen could strengthen their authority. Thus Tang government tried to take part in local government by using them and continually tried to bureaucratize them.


On December 31, 1974, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued an exposure draft for Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) No. 8, Accounting for the Translation of Foreign Currency Transactions and Foreign Currency Financial Statements. The intent of the standard was to bring uniformity to accounting for the translation of foreign currency transactions and foreign subsidiaries. Firms were required to use the temporal method of translation and to include unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses in income. Most managements expected this latter provision to increase the volatility of their reported earnings. The study reported in this paper examined the extent to which firms' debt contracts and managements' degrees of ownership in their firms were associated with managements' decisions to lobby the FASB in the form of comment letters regarding the proposed standard. Managements' lobbying activities provide a basis for predicting the consequences of a proposed accounting policy change on firms. That is, lobbying positions can assist the FASB in assessing potential opposition to a standard, as well as subsequent attempts to circumvent reporting requirements, subvert the standard, and/or discredit the policymaker. The issue studied


Addresses the dynamic mode choice/departure time choice/route choice problem with multiple stratifications of users, each with a different propensity to use transit or high occupancy vehicles. Presents a three- level programming formulation of the dynamic user-optimal (DUO) mode/ departure time/route choice problem.


Radiation Therapy (RT) is a curative treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCA), but is limited by dose‐related toxicities and radioresistance. Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), a downstream effector of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, can mediate radioresistance by tempering with protein translation, survival, cell cycle progression and DNA repair. Analysis from the Oncomine® database showed that prostate carcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia had higher rpS6 expression compared to normal prostate. Similarly, PCA cell lines had a higher level of total and p‐rpS6 compared to non‐tumorigenic prostate cell lines. Previously, we have shown that administration of Nexrutine® (Nx), an inexpensive herbal supplement from Phellodendron amurense bark extract for 6 weeks prior to RT inhibited progression to poorly differentiated carcinoma in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice and did not show any prominent toxicity. Remarkably, p‐mTOR, p70S6K, NFkB, Ki67 and Cyclin D1 were also decreased in the prostate tissue of mice receiving the combination treatment compared to RT alone. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying Nx‐mediated tumor growth inhibitory effects in combination with RT is unclear. We hypothesize that downregulation of rpS6 sensitizes prostate tumor to overcome radioresistance. Using clonogenic assays, we observed that pretreatment of Nx for 8h could potentiate the effect of low dose RT in LNCaP (AR positive with WT p53), PC‐3 (AR negative and p53 null) and PC‐3 AR (AR expressing and p53 null) cells. Androgen dependent LNCaP cells were more sensitive to RT compared to androgen‐independent PC‐3 cells, while PC‐3 AR cells were the most resistant. The combinatorial effect of Nx and low dose RT depicted strong synergism and had similar effects as high dose RT. Notably, we observed an increase in activation of Akt/mTOR/NFkB signaling molecules after treatment of PC‐3 cells with RT, which was either abrogated (p‐rpS6, p‐NFkB and p‐p70S6K) or decreased (p‐Akt) in cells pretreated with Nx prior to RT. Also, Nx pretreatment inhibited the levels of HIF1‐α and CyclinD1, which are the downstream targets of rpS6. Additionally, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Nx pretreatment combined with 2 Gy increased the p‐γH2AX foci compared to 2 Gy alone, indicating increased DNA damage. This is associated with increased protein levels of key G2/M regulatory proteins including Wee‐1, p‐cdc2 levels and decreased Chk1, p‐cdc25C resulting in prolonged RT‐induced G2/M arrest. The combination treatment also caused a significant increase in apoptosis, which was evidenced by increase in cleaved PARP levels, subG1 analysis and Annexin/PI staining. Strikingly, knockdown of rpS6 sensitized PC‐3 cells to RT and reversed the observed effects of Nx, indicating the importance of rpS6 in mediating these changes. Overall, our data suggests that Nx has a radiosensitizing effect in a range of PCA cell lines and could prevent progression to advanced PCA by downregulating rpS6. Interestingly, a phase 0/1 clinical trial of Nx in PCA patients receiving RT or undergoing radical prostatectomy decreased PSA levels and was found to be well‐tolerated. Thus, Nx shows enormous potential to improve the current PCA management warranting further investigation for use its use as an adjuvant to RT.


The review article presents the literature data concerning the history of the use of thermotherapy in the treatment of intraocular tumors, in particular, retinoblastoma (Rb). The article describes the historical aspects of the use of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) and the possibility of using this method in the treatment of RB nowadays. The analysis of Russian and foreign publications on the main parameters of laser radiation and the multiplicity of TTT was carried out. The efficacy of TTT as an independent method of Rb treatment has been demonstrated. The frequency of the main complications of TTT in Rb is presented. Key words: ophthalmology, retinoblastoma, transpupillary thermotherapy, laser treatment, pediatric oncology.


Entel1 produces information, data and knowledge, while supporting the energy industry. It sells this content to governments, universities, companies and non-government organizations NGOs. It generates forecasts, analyzes energy trends and produces historical data; however, Entel needs to transform itself from a relatively traditional content company to one that exploits digital technology for greater market share and profitability. As the energy industry explodes, the company needs to re-think its products, services and client focus. Technology drives most of these challenges. In this paper, the author presents the business technology strategy developed at Entel. It's an elaborate strategy that calls for the expansion of the overall business model as well as the identification of alternative processes and technologies that will enable the expanded business model.


Graphical passwords (GPWs) have been studied over 20 years. We are motivated from QR codes that can be considered GPWs, are successfully applied in today's world. However, one need such GPWs that can be use conveniently and have higher level security in information networks. We aim to GPWs for mobile devices with touch screen. No more researching papers of GPWs by means of techniques of graph theory that are already used in a wide range of scientific areas, especially, dynamic networks. Our investigation is devoted to designing new type of graphical passwords by methods of graph theory, such as various topological structures and colorings (labellings). We develop the idea of "topological structure plus number theory" in maximal planar graphs, and provide new techniques for designing new type of GPWs, and furthermore we do theoretical analysis on these new type of GPWs.


We obtain the radial symmetry of the solution to a partially overdetermined boundary value problem in a convex cone in space forms by using the maximum principle for a suitable subharmonic function P and integral identities. In dimension 2, we prove Serrin‐type results for partially overdetermined problems outside a convex cone. Furthermore, we obtain a Rellich identity for an eigenvalue problem with mixed boundary conditions in a cone.


other principles" (p. 10). Although I have just stated that I believe it is useful for a textbook to be inviting to both inductive and deductive thinkers, an inductive approach can make for an unfortunate circularity and insularity about the feminisms and feminist methodologies to be taken up. Of particular note is the absence of Third World feminist perspectives, which incorporate a sharper analysis of capitalism and colonial legacies than any example Kleinman offers. Even the "Everything Is More Than One Thing" chapter on intersecting inequalities, which diligently attends to how race, class, and sexuality interact with gender, almost entirely overlooks the location of fieldwork sites in the world order or in historically-informed moments. Although most of my research is interviewbased, what sometimes troubled me about the examples and principles offered is the extent to which they reduce the social world to what happens when people talk. At the same time as Feminist Fieldwork Analysis includes a chapter entitled "Talk is Action," Kleinman is reluctant to discuss feminist participatory action research, for reasons that the introductory chapter leaves unsatisfyingly murky. Second, feminists with a strong political economy bent would probably prefer that Kleinman include something explicitly materialist among her principles. I am thinking that "Follow the Money," a theme that does arise in several dispersed examples and that recurs in Kleinman's intricate analysis of Renewal, would make a great organizing principle for a chapter in the next edition. Many feminists might further wonder at the general disembodiment of the people depicted in this text. When the researched subjects in Feminist Fieldwork Analysis are grounded in their physicality, it is so often bad news—of overeaters for whom food is a cheap addiction, waitresses with double standards about sexual harassment, of gay men who, when having sex without condoms, do so because of a "wounded sense of masculinity" (p. 53). Kleinman instructs fieldworkers to attend carefully to "the oppressive consequences of desire for the disadvantaged group" (p. 80). Perhaps my tendency to misread the end-of-chapter subtitle as "Questions to Ask in the Field or in the Dark" is telling here. I am intrigued by what Squire (1995) terms an "extravagant" feminism that is disruptive, decorative, and disturbing, whereas Feminist Fieldwork Analysis resolutely embraces what Squire would call "pragmatic" feminism. The most startling disembodiments come in those end-ofchapter sections, which rarely direct students to inquire about the researcher's role or standpoint as an embodied presence moving through a fieldwork site's social, political, and ethical relations; instead, the questions would be equally suited to researchers leaving concealed microphones on site. This is a significant oversight for a discussion of feminist methodology (cf Shulamit Reinharz's [1992] chapter on feminist ethnography in the classic Feminist Methods in Social Research). In sum, the feminist methodology that Kleinman presents in this dynamic and eminentlyreadable text seems, at times, naïve in its inductive development and often overly cautious in its politic.


The lives of nearly one million migrants in Qatar are in a 'state of exception' (Agamben). Distanced from mainstream society, they live in labour camps situated in desolate areas. In a space designed to render low qualified migrants invisible, Nepalese people are among those who try to make theirs a temporary place. Spatial strategies of appropriation, from the camp to the bed in the room, are nevertheless limited by the structures of domination that migrants live in. Through the study of the everyday routine and spatial practices, I show that the camp does indeed bear ambivalent values, associated with jail, with village-like feelings or with the achievements made possible by migration.


▪ Amplifiers are a key enabling technology for all optical networks, including agile networks: — Line amplifiers — Pre-amplifiers and boosters in ROADM nodes — Embedded in optical modules. ▪ EDFA gain bandwidth in C- and L-band defines the transmission bandwidth in most networks. ▪ Raman amplifiers used to provide additional reach and OSNR. ▪ In agile optical networks amplifiers need to operate with rapidly changing channel numbers and wavelengths


Poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) nanofibers containing different amounts of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) have been prepared by electrospinning technique. Photocatalytic activity of these electrospun PAN/TiO₂ nanofibers and the effect of TiO₂ content on the photocatalytic efficiency of PAN/TiO₂ nanofibers have been evaluated by monitoring the photodecomposition of fluorescein dye, rhodamine B and methylene blue under UV irradiation with respect to irradiation time. Moreover, the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) on the photocatalytic behavior of PAN/TiO₂ nanofibers has also been investigated. The results showed that PAN/TiO₂ nanofibers are effective photocatalyst and their photocatalytic efficiency increases with the increase of TiO₂ content in the PAN/TiO₂ nanofibers. It is also observed that the presence of H₂O₂ significantly enhances the photocatalytic ability of PAN/TiO₂ nanofibers. The morphology and the photocatalytic behavior of the PAN/TiO₂ nanofibers containing different amounts of TiO₂ nanoparticles have been investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV/Visible spectroscopy, respectively.


This project follows the nudging perspective with a persuasive technology approach. I propose that integrating extremely simple attributes into the interfaces of technology platforms, as inspired by theories of behavioral economics, social psychology, as well as literature on healthy eating, can have a substantial impact on users' behavior and potentially help them achieve their ends.


Abstract Climatic oscillations forced by orbital variations left their imprint not only on Pleistocene ice regimes, as postulated by Croll (1875, Climate and Time in their Geological Relations, Appleton, New York) and by Milankovitch (1941, Belgrade, Serbian Academy of Science, 133), but also on the sedimentary record as postulated by Gilbert (1895, Journal of Geology, 93, 515–533), and not only in glacial times but also, and particularly sharply, in times of greenhouse climates. The amenable facies are those characterized by relatively continuous sedimentation, though in carbonate platforms interruptions constitute the Milankovitch signal. The recording mechanisms include variations in biogenic components and biotic activity, and direct expressions of physical and chemical sedimentation. So far, cyclostratigraphy has largely remained a demonstration of principle. Applications to geochronology are in their beginnings. The chronological refinement promised by cyclostratigraphy demands quantities of stratigraphic data orders of magnitude beyond those of conventional stratigraphy. Progress in application will therefore depend on combining automated scanning devices (well logs, core and sample logging techniques of various sorts) capable of providing simple variation graphs of long sedimentary sequences, with detailed paleontological and magnetostratigraphic studies. The existence of the cycle hierarchy will provide some protection against chronological errors induced by cryptic gaps in the record, as will the reproduceability of results in distant sequences and different facies, and the possible finger-printing of individual cycles by magnetic character.


Dental inlay wax is a mixture of several waxes, usually containing paraffin wax, ceresin wax, beeswax and other natural and synthetic waxes. It is used to prepare patterns for gold or other metallic materials in the fabrication of inlays, crowns and bridges. Inlay wax is used for the same purpose as casting wax in the formation of pattern mostly for metallic casting in Dental technology. This study aimed at producing dental inlay wax using locally sourced materials in Enugu, Nigeria. The research was carried out between July to September, 2018 in Enugu, Nigeria. The study adopted a three phased experimental approach using the same procedures but different weight compositions. Structured, pretested Product Evaluation Data Sheet was used to evaluate the product by selected Practicing Dental Technologists in Enugu State, Nigeria. The resultant wax from experiment III with the following composition: 60g Paraffin wax, 5g Beeswax, 25g Carnauba wax, 10g Ceresin wax and (35g) of green ketchup colorant gave the best result. Its properties are comparable to the conventional Dental Inlay wax. There was significant agreement among the respondents in the smoothness of the product (40%); excellent dimensional stability and product effectiveness (40%); flow and burnout of the product (35%), and color stability of the product (45%). These findings suggests that dental inlay waxes can be produced locally in Enugu, Nigeria. Therefore, more attention needs to be paid in the production process, which will facilitate easy practice of Dental Technology, and also conserve huge foreign exchange being spent in the importation of inlay wax in Nigeria.


To understand the rubber industry and rubber processing, we must discuss also materials, compounds and ingredients, which are here processed. Common rubber compounds contain relatively high concentrations of fillers. Main fillers for rubber compounds are different carbon blacks and mineral fillers. The most important mineral filler for rubber industry is at the present time kaolin. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to compile the review of information on rubber compounds filled with kaolin and on application of kaolin.


: Heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between one or more fluids. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment. These exchangers provide true counter-current flow and are especially suitable for extreme temperature crossing, high pressure, high temperature, and low to moderate surface area requirements. In this thesis, four Nano fluids mixed with base fluid (water) are analyzed for their performance in the shell and tube heat exchanger. 3D model of the shell and tube heat exchanger is designed using catia v5. Four Nano fluidsconsidered are Aluminum Oxide, copper oxide, Silicon Oxide and Titanium carbide. The values of Density,Specific heat, Thermal conductivity,viscosity are theoretically. CFD analysis is done on the shell and tube heat exchanger for four nano fluids and five volume fractions 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9considering the above obtained values. Variations in velocity magnitude, dynamic pressure and heat transfer rate and mass flow rate are calculated from CFD and the comparisons are made


Doxorubicin (DOX) has been widely used in the clinical setting for malignancy treatment. However, it also induces toxicity in a vital organ such as the kidney. Several studies suggest the formation of an iron anthracycline complex which produces free radicals plays an important role in nephrotoxicity. Mangiferin (MGF), a xanthone derivate, exhibits as an iron chelator and antioxidant activity through a free radical scavenger activity. We analyzed the effect of MGF to prevent DOX induced nephrotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered MGF orally every day for five weeks, with 50 and 100 mg/kg BW together with DOX. Renal failure and dyslipidemia were detected in the DOX groups in association with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in plasma and kidney and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels in kidney. Of note, cotreatment with MGF improved renal dysfunction caused by doxorubicin as shown by the amelioration plasma albumin, urea and creatinine levels, and proteinuria. MGF also diminished over-production of MDA levels, thus enhanced antioxidant activity such as SOD and GSH in the kidney. Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies for consideration of MGF as a potential chemoprotectant nutraceutical in the combination chemotherapy with DOX to limit its nephrotoxicity. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(4): 1667-1674)


In te rn at io na l E xc ha ng e Pr og ra m Music students enrolled at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music have the option of considering exchange at a faculty-specifi c exchange partner university or through a University-wide exchange partner. Available destinations are limited and students are encouraged to plan early for a possible exchange. Music students are not normally permitted to go on exchange in their fi nal semester.


The slab-coupled waveguide, consisting of a dielectric rod lying on a slab that in turn covers a substrate, is a multidielectric waveguide that includes such special cases as the single-material fiber, the rib waveguide, and the strip-loaded film guide. These guides have recently become known as potentially useful either for long-distance optical transmission or for integrated optics. Simple, closed-form, approximate solutions have been found to describe the following properties of the guide: number of modes, their field configurations and propagation constants, numerical aperture, requirements for single-mode operation, field penetration in the slab, tolerance to curvature of the guide axis, dispersion, and impulse response.


Vineland challenges readers to define community, since understanding character and story in the novel hinges on understanding how Pynchon represents relational human qualities. Denoting human groups, "community" associates nationality not only with municipality but also with social class, economic practice, ethnicity and religion. Denoting human quality, "community" explains ordinary life through ownership, legal rights and personal identity ("Community"). As satire, Vineland admits and rejects such standard solutions to its community code. Using conventions that blend historical references with politics and culture, Pynchon draws both collective characters, whose experiences in community express their motivation, and separative characters, who influence readers to ignore community as a buzzword or to misinterpret it as an ideal. Pynchon's references and characters thus represent Vineland's encoded definitions of community in discreet but satirically related contexts.


Introduction ........................................................ 103 I. The Contractarian Defense of "Sound" Prostitution ............ 105 II. The Feminist Critique ......................................... 106 III. Property in One's Person ...................................... 109 IV. The Sale of Labor-power ...................................... 112 V. The Case of Sexuality ......................................... 114 VI. Ciltural Constructions of Sexuality ............................ 117 VII. Prostitution as Sexual Therapy ................................ 124 Conclusion .......................................................... 128


The new high order Earth`s gravity Model(EGM2008) are expected to improve the application about the Earth`s global gravity field. The objectives of this research are to present characteristics on the geoid heights of provinces in South KOREA which calculated from the height anomalies by Earth Gravity Models. For this, seven EGMs (EGM2008, EGM2008, EGM96, EIGEN-GL04C, EIGEN-CG03C, EIGEN-GL04S1, and ITG-Grace02S) selected. Geoid heights of fifty BM check points by GPS/levelling are compared with those by NORI-05 model and seven EGMs. And also, geoid heights of 30"30" grid points in land(sixes blocks ; sampled) and sea (four blocks ; sampled) areas of South KOREA by EGM2008 are compared with those by NORI-05 and six EGMs. The results show that geoid heights obtained from EGM2008(2,190) of NGA displayed the nearest results to those by GPS/levelling.


CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL ZEOLITE BY X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETER. An identification of framework mineral structure of natural zeolit Bayah, Lampung and Malang was carried out by Reitveld methods. X-ray diffraction intensity of Natural zeolit was measured by an X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). The refinement of Clinoptilolite and Mordenite phases have been carried out and the results of refinement show that in Bayah and Lampung were Clinoptilolite phase ( space group C2/m No.12, Bravais lattice is Base-Centered and crystal system is monoclinic) and lattice parameter are a = 17,69(2) Å, b = 17,92(1) Å dan c = 7,422(9) Å respectively (Bayah zeolite) and a = 17,69(2) Å, b = 17,92(1) Å dan c = 7,422(9) Å respectively (Lampung zeolite) and pore size are S10R = 10,685 Å dan S8R = 8,193 Å. While Malang zeolites phase (space group Cmcm No.63, Bravais lattice is Base-Centered and crystal system is orthorombic) was Mordenite phase and the lattice parameter are a = 18,115(8) Å, b = 20,520(9) Å dan c = 7,515(2) Å. The pore size are S8R = 11,43 Å dan S12R = 7,730 Å. Material of natural zeolit from Bayah and Lampung have Cation Exchange Capasity (CEC) bigger than Malang (acording to results of the framework structure analysis).


Every work environment regardless of the danger. Various technologies and equipment in addition to beneficial life also bring harm to use. As problems in the division PMD (Part Manufacture Division) PT. OMI still be accidents. Management of Health and Safety conducted using Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) to achieve zero accident the company. HIRARC is a document that contains the hazard identification, risk assessment and control of risks in order to reduce the occurrence of occupational safety and health disorders. Hazard risks that threaten the health and safety hazards such as electrical machinery, physical, and chemical material. Percentage risk assessment PMD division at negligible levels of 0%, low risk 10%, moderate risk 22%, high risk 37%, and extreme 31%. Control is applied as engineering controls , administrative, and personal protective equipment for operators.


Educating in citizenship and participation is a commitment of a society that calls itself democratic, nevertheless, participation must be learned. As a result, it is necessary for elementary schools to convert student participation in the chief focus of daily activities in order to aid in the development of a responsible citizenry. An exploratory-descriptive study was carried out with the general objective of analyzing the ideas of public elementary school teachers in the City of Queretaro concerning child participation, as well as to find out if they say they promote it in their practice in order to ascertain if the ideas they have about child participation are related to their perception of childhood. Research was carried out in two phases. In the first 16 observations were made among eight groups from different grades in a public elementary school in the City of Queretaro. In the second, 15 semi-structured interviews were given elementary teachers from the same city. From information based on the observations, an analysis was done based on Trilla and Novella's (2001) child participation typology. From information obtained from the interviews, an analysis was done of the types of answers: and then categories were proposed. Results of the observation show that the structure of the school promotes authoritarian relationships between teachers and students and that the learning environments do not promote or provide real possibilities for the existence of genuine student participation. Regarding the interviews, it was found that the majority of teachers define child participation as the students' expressing their opinion, therefore, the strategies they say they use tend to promote this type of practice. They consider that participation is a right of this population. Based on results, we can affirm that there is a need to promote in teachers reflection on the educational advantages stemming from participation as an educational process.