Simple Summary Microvascular invasion is an important indicator for reflecting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, but the traditional diagnosis requires a postoperative pathological examination. This study is the first to propose an end-to-end deep learning architecture for predicting microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by collecting retrospective data. This method can achieve noninvasive, accurate and efficient preoperative prediction only through the patient's radiomic data, which is very beneficial to doctors for clinical decision making in HCC patients. Abstract Microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) directly affects a patient's prognosis. The development of preoperative noninvasive diagnostic methods is significant for guiding optimal treatment plans. In this study, we investigated 138 patients with HCC and presented a novel end-to-end deep learning strategy based on computed tomography (CT) radiomics (MVI-Mind), which integrates data preprocessing, automatic segmentation of lesions and other regions, automatic feature extraction, and MVI prediction. A lightweight transformer and a convolutional neural network (CNN) were proposed for the segmentation and prediction modules, respectively. To demonstrate the superiority of MVI-Mind, we compared the framework's performance with that of current, mainstream segmentation, and classification models. The test results showed that MVI-Mind returned the best performance in both segmentation and prediction. The mean intersection over union (mIoU) of the segmentation module was 0.9006, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the prediction module reached 0.9223. Additionally, it only took approximately 1 min to output a prediction for each patient, end-to-end using our computing device, which indicated that MVI-Mind could noninvasively, efficiently, and accurately predict the presence of MVI in HCC patients before surgery. This result will be helpful for doctors to make rational clinical decisions.


This article examines the design and use of work-based action projects for teaching human resource management for Master's students in Zagreb School of Economics and Management, Croatia. The original course was designed and taught at St Ambrose University, USA. Professors from both universities, working together in Zagreb, modified the course. The main goal of this research was to examine if this method of teaching had positive outcomes in Croatia and should be continued. Follow-up research was undertaken with learners, using surveys and a focus group. The learners' organisational supervisors were surveyed regarding their reaction to the work-based action projects. Generally, both groups agreed the method had positive effects on learners and their organisations, but some issues emerged needing attention. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the importance of this kind of experiential learning method in the emerging market economy of Croatia.


Responsiveness of c- Myc oncogene to B cell receptor ligation has been implicated in the induction of apoptosis in transformed and normal immature B cells. These studies provided compelling evidence to link the c- Myc oncogene with the process of negative selection in B-lymphocytes. However, in addition to apoptosis, B cell-negative selection has been shown to occur by secondary Ig gene rearrangements, a mechanism called receptor editing. In this study, we assessed whether differential c- Myc responsiveness to B cell receptor (BCR) ligation is associated with the mechanism of negative selection in immature B cells. Using an in vitro bone marrow culture system and an Ig-transgenic mouse model (3-83) we show here that c- Myc is expressed at low levels throughout B cell development and that c- Myc responsiveness to BCR ligation is developmentally regulated and increased with maturation. Furthermore, we found that the competence to mount c- Myc responsiveness upon BCR ligation is important for the induction of apoptosis and had no effect on the process of receptor editing. Therefore, this study suggests an important role of c- Myc in promoting and/or maintaining B cell development and that compartmentalization of B cell tolerance may also be developmentally regulated by differential c- Myc responsiveness. The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 171: 2446–2452. 94°C, 40 s at 65°C, and 60 s at 72°C for 30 cycles. The PCR was performed using serial dilutions of cDNA and the PCR products were fractionated on 1% agarose gels. Gels were scanned using an UVIDoc Gel Documentation System and images were analyzed using UVIDoc software (UVItec, Cam-bridge, U.K.) to quantify signal intensity. The results are expressed as a semiquantitative estimate, where signal intensity of c- Myc or RAG-2 product was normalized to that of G (cid:3) s product signal, as we have described elsewhere (31).


>X-ray microanalysis was carried out to determine the main metallic elements in a highly radioactive particle and to investigate the relation between the color of a particle and its chemical composition. Weight percent values obtained for a particle were: Fe, 27%; Al, 17%; and Si, 1.0%. The spectra of the colorless, golden, reddish brown, and black particles showed that the denser the color of a particle, the larger the composition ratio of Fe to Al. (P.C.H.)


On-premise and Cloud ERP systems have become a backbone of almost all businesses. Another recent trend currently in focus of both industry and academy is Internet of Things. The integration of Cloud ERP and the Internet of Things (IoT) should be looked as a new shift in business effectiveness and will have a great momentum in future. In this work, we propose the ontologically based model for the integration of the IoT and Cloud ERP systems by using Semantic Web services. To semantically annotate things as services, we plan to use recently published W3C's SSN and SOSA ontologies. Furthermore, we plan to extend mentioned ontologies to include classification and descriptions of Cloud ERP APIs. Our integration model proposes usage of Semantic web services and AI planning technique to semi-automatically compose IoT and Cloud ERP services.


A survey was carried out in all the twenty three (23) Local Government Areas of Rivers State to evaluate the different methods of fish preservation in the State. The required information was collected by the use of questionnaires and direct interviews with the fish farmers and traders. The study holds that gender difference influenced approach to fish business, and that respondents are faced with problems which include lack of record keeping and finance. Others are inability of the State Government to introduce modern methods of fish processing/preservation techniques and proper management of fish business. If these innovations are introduced to farmers, there will be improvement in production, curtail spoilage and boost fish preservation in Rivers State.


This article is concerned with the female body in Samuel Beckett's drama, and how often the female characters are shown as trapped and immobile. My main focus is on Happy Days, and the paradoxical nature of Winnie's entrapment, and her attitude to it. I make particular reference to C. G. Jung's Third Tavistock Lecture, which was attended by Beckett and obviously affected him quite profoundly, as he made reference to it throughout his career, for example in All That Fall, and also during rehearsals when advising female actors how to approach their characters. It seems to me that the ideas Jung expressed in this lecture help to illuminate both Winnie's plight, and her seeming indifference to it, whilst also helping to elucidate the extreme responses, from both actors and audiences, to this highly charged dramatic image of a woman trapped, up to her waist and then to her neck, in a mound of earth.


Photovoltaic energy has nowadays an increased importance in electrical power applications. However, the output power provided via the photovoltaic conversion process depends on solar irradiation and temperature. Therefore a multiple-input DC/DC converter is proposed for stand-alone photovoltaic lighting system with battery storage in this paper. Compared with the traditional stand-alone photovoltaic system, which merely use one muti-input biderictional DC/DC converter control the battery charge or discharge effectively, protect battery and prolong its natural life as well as have high conversion efficiency and low cost for photovoltaic lighting system. Muti-input converter implements bi-directional energy transfer in the system, so the key of energy management is control bi-directional converter effectively. Finally the simulation and experimental verifications are also presented.


The application of SRM in military vehicles is studied.The principle,characteristics and methods of SRM are analyzed.Sliding mode-PI controller is designed.Experiments show the steady and dynamic performances of SRM are suit for operating of military vehicles.The control unit is composed of DSP and CPLD,which are contributing to the reliability and flexibility of military vehicles,and the inner resources of DSP are utilized efficiently.


In this research we search for a functional dependence between the occurrence of forest fires in the U.S.A. and the factors which characterize the solar activity. For this purpose we used several methods (R/S analysis, Hurst index) for establishing potential links between the influx of some parameters from the sun and the occurrence of forest fires with lag of several days. We find evidence for a connection and developed a prognostic scenario based on the ANFIS technique. This scenario allows the predicting of up to 93% of forest fires in some cases. Key-Words: forest fires, heliocentric hypothesis, ANFIS models, U.S.A.


The second topic, Germans and their activities in Russia during the reign of Catherine II, is much less satisfactory, though it does provide a useful listing of the main figures in the intellectual, professional, and economic realms. One would have wished for, not only a fuller critical account of the guiding ideas that shaped their activities and contributions, but also a discussion of the factors that led to their prominence in comparison with colleagues from other parts of Europe. It was surely a matter of their availability (explicable by conditions in the homeland) as well as their expertise and compatibility with Russian expectations and circumstances. In the third section—the last two long chapters—Scharf gives a comprehensive overview of Russia's political relationships with various German states and the Holy Empire. First we are presented with a listing of all matrimonial arrangements between Germans and the Russian ruling houses. Second, in the final chapter, we find a chronicle of Catherine's diplomatic moves—alliances with Prussia and Austria—and policies toward some German states (Baden, Wurttemberg, Hessen-Darmstadt) and the Holy Empire. Both chapters are essentially traditional diplomatic history—that is, the personal attitudes of rulers and ministers and balance of power concerns—with little regard given to the broader political, economic, and cultural contexts. More could be said, too, about the prevailing conceptions of diplomatic practice and state interest. However, the summary synthesis of even this narrow aspect of Catherine's international relations will be useful to all historians who do not wish to wade through the detailed accounts of Russia's negotiations with most German states that can be found in highly specialized studies in relatively obscure publications. Scharf writes well and clearly, though he organizes his material rather mechanically. The book is well produced, has useful genealogical tables, and a well-nigh exhaustive bibliography of the monographic literature. A couple of maps of eighteenthcentury Russia and Europe would have been welcome additions, but they would probably have added to the costs.


New inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) agonists, adenophostins A(1) and B(2), were isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium brevicompactum SANK 11991 and SANK 12177. Its structures were related to adenine nucleotides. The agonistic activity of adenophostins A or B for binding to the InsP3 receptor was higher than InsP3 itself.


A typical presenting concern in general practitioners' offices, emergency rooms, otolaryngology, and neurology departments are facial nerve paralysis. Penetrating injury to the facial nerve, especially iatrogenic damage, is one of the most frequent traumatic reasons of facial paralysis. The facial paralysis that results from blunt trauma that crushes the nerve frequently appears as an incomplete or delayed paralysis. The affected part of the nerve will determine how the injury manifests clinically. For adequate patient counseling with respect to prognosis and management, accurate diagnosis of facial nerve palsy must be achieved. The most often employed standardized instrument for determining the level of facial weakness is the House-Brackmann 6-grade instrument for facial nerve activity. The greatest success chances for reanimation occur in cases of a recent, sudden nerve transection i.e., less than 72 hours, where the nerve is quickly identified and repaired using direct coaptation or interposition grafts. The primary strategy of care is surveillance in situations with facial nerve paralysis where it is known that the nerve is physically intact such as blunt force trauma with incomplete or delayed complete paralysis. Neurological, muscular, static, and facial plastic treatments are some examples of facial reanimation approaches.


Background: Esophageal inlet patch (IP) refers to heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus. Secretions from IP may produce symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and accelerate progression of lung disease. We aimed to characterize the significance of IP among patients with advanced pulmonary disease, including lung transplant (LTx) recipients, and to assess outcomes following IP ablation. Methods: We established and reviewed a prospective database of all patients with advanced pulmonary disease referred for GI motility evaluation for presence of IP over 7 years. Total IP size, results of pH testing, incidence of transplant rejection and mortality, and effects of IP ablation on symptoms were analyzed. Results: Twenty-seven (13 LTx recipients) of 440 pulmonary patients referred for upper endoscopy were found to have IPs, and 14 completed IP ablation (mean number of 1.7 sessions to ablate IP). Total IP size correlated with total acid exposure time (P = .01) and symptoms of cough (P < .00001), heartburn (P = .0001), and globus (P < .00001). Symptom severity of heartburn and dysphagia improved following IP ablation (P = .04 and 0.008). Eight of 13 LTx patient with IP developed either acute or chronic rejection, with 3 cases of post-LTx mortality occurring in patients who did not undergo IP ablation. Conclusions: IP should be given careful consideration in patients with advanced pulmonary disease and lung transplant recipients, particularly if symptoms of cough, heartburn, or globus are present. Total IP size may be predictive of severity of LPR, and symptom recurrence should prompt re-examination for residual IP.


We suggest an experimental design that can help opening the black box of investor behavior by documenting a channel of how biases affect portfolio performance. We study two of the most important investor biases (overreaction and overconfidence), show how they are related, and analyze their consequences for portfolio choice and resulting portfolio performance in a controlled experimental setting with 104 participants. The main innovation of our study is that we go beyond just documenting a correlation between overconfidence on the one hand and investor behavior as well as resulting portfolio performance on the other hand. We empirically identify the precise channel (overreaction) which is proposed by some models. We find that subjects overreact on average, i.e. forecasts are too optimistic after positive signals and too pessimistic after negative signals. Furthermore, there is greater overreaction when subjects are more overconfident. Moreover, overreaction is related to risk taking in a portfolio choice task thereby adversely affecting portfolio efficiency.


Phishing is a malicious form of online theft and needs to be prevented in order to increase the overall trust of the public on the Internet. In this study, for that purpose, the authors present their findings on the methods of detecting phishing websites. Data mining algorithms along with classifier algorithms are used in order to achieve a satisfactory result. In terms of classifiers, the Naïve Bayes, SMO, and J48 algorithms are used. As for the feature selection algorithm; Gain Ratio Attribute and ReliefF Attribute are selected. The results are provided in a comparative way. Accordingly; SMO and J48 algorithms provided satisfactory results in the detection of phishing websites, however, Naïve Bayes performed poor and is the least recommended method among all.


Spatial structure of economy is one of the important problems that economic geography and regional economics focus on.In this paper the evolution of economic spatial structure in Ningxia province was analysed based on the software of Arview and all the county data.And then,the regional differences of industrial development was analysed and the reasons which cause the spatial difference of the industrialization factors were studied.It drew the conclusion that from 1995,1) the economic spatial structure in Ningxia Province is the agglomeration economy;2) The petroleum industry is the main effect of regional economic growth in Ningxia province;3) the resource distribution is the key factor that influenced the spatial economic structure in Ningxia Province.


The restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) model is a model of continuous-time surface growth characterized by the constraint that adjacent height differences are bounded by a fixed constant. Though the model is conjectured to belong to the KPZ universality class, mathematical progress on the model is very sparse. We study basic properties of the model and establish bounds on surface height fluctuations as a function of time. A linear fluctuation bound is proven for all dimensions, and a logarithmic fluctuation lower bound is given for dimension one. The proofs rely on a new characterization of RSOS as a type of first passage percolation on a disordered lattice, which is of independent interest. The logarithmic lower bound is established by showing equality in distribution to the minimum of a certain dual RSOS process.


Abstract Non-intrusive load monitoring technology is the key technology to realize smart grid construction. The identification and classification of similar electrical appliances and low-power small-current electrical appliances in non-intrusive load monitoring has always been the focus of research and the difficulty of breakthrough. This paper uses current harmonic amplitude as classification data and based on the composition characteristics of harmonic amplitude data, and the current situation of fuzzy classification of similar electrical appliances, pointing out a method for enhancing the characteristic difference of harmonic amplitude data. This method can improve the current situation that the low-power electric load is difficult to identify when the low-power electric load and the high-power electric load work together. The status quo of identification has a good effect on the classification of low power and similar electrical load. In this paper, a non-intrusive load monitoring system is built, the bus current data is collected, and a feature database is built, and the network is used to classify the feature data and finally obtain the classification result. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a significant effect on the accuracy of classification and recognition of similar electrical appliances with similar eigenvalues.


The invention relates to a method and a system for automatically calculating the evolutional trend of a topic on the internet. The prior art only can simply analyze the topic (or event) from a document in a centralization way, and give out the document information contained by the topic. In fact, each topic changes with the variation of the time, and the topic evolutes constantly on the time dimension. On the basis of the prior topic detection system, the invention periodically calculates the relation between the topic in the current period and the topic in the last period and stores the relations. The system takes out the relations between the topic information which is corresponded to a plurality of periods and the topics, and can visually display the evolutional trend of the topic over time at a client in a graphic mode according to the time range input by the user. By adopting the method of the invention, a more three-dimensional topic analysis result can be provided for the user, and the understanding and the recognition of the user to the topic are deepened, thereby helping the user to make a decision. The method is widely applicable to the intelligent information processing.


In this note we describe a finite difference method of second order accuracy for the singular two point boundary value problems arising in physiology based on single evaluation of f(x,y). In case of p(x) = x α , the assumptions on p(x) allow α to be any positive number. The order of the method has been verified by one example for some values of α. Two problems of physiology have been solved by this method.


In their Education Forum "Evaluating montessori education" (29 Sept. 2006, P. [1893][1]), A. Lillard and N. Else-Quest present Montessori education as being superior to other types of schools and having "remarkable outcomes." Unfortunately, the analyses backing these value judgments are


Mortar is different from other dateable materials in that it is abundant during the construction process. Mortar dating if successful could provide an important chronological key in archaeology. Since 1994 the interdisciplinary International Mortar Dating Project has been devoted to developing a method of dating lime mortar and concrete-like materials. C has been analyzed in mortars from Medieval churches in the Åland Islands in the archipelago between Finland and Sweden and also from Classical Archaeology (i.e. ancient buildings in Italy, Spain and Portugal from the time of the Roman Empire and from Medieval structures in Rome itself).


The manufacturing method Automated Fibre Placement is increasingly used in industry. The process variables layup rate, compaction pressure and temperature influence layup quality, and are up to date gained through trial-and-error testing. To optimize this procedure and to understand the complex interactions of the process different analytical and numerical models are developed within this work. These capture the process accurately and predict the thermal and mechanical effects of the variables on the process.


The reports produced by the World Bank (WB) on doing business do not indicate whether economies evaluated are making significant improvements on business environment improvement. The aim of this study is measuring improvements made by Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) countries on ease of doing business indicators. Starting a business score (SBS), registering property score (RPS), getting credit score (GCS), enforcing contracts score (ECS), and resolving insolvency score (RIS) were evaluated. This study used secondary quantitative data produced and published by the WB for 2005 and 2020 periods. The sample size was made by 37 countries. Paired sample t-test was computed using R programming environment.The results of the paired sample t-test indicated that the mean differences are statistically different from zero for four indicators except ECS indicator. This means SSA has improved those indicators for 2020 compared to 2005. However, no statistically significant improvements were made on ECS indicator.The study's findings constitute value to policymakers in SSA as it provides a clear vision of the improvements made on the road of ease of doing business perfection. This study shows where SSA policymakers need to improve like ECS. Policymakers should identify why this indicator did not improve and take required strategy.This study tested statistically the improvements made by SSA regarding EDB. It is one of the very first studies that evaluate statistically the progress of SSA on the road of improving doing business environment.


Theplasmid genecat-86 specifies chloram- phenicol-inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase inBacil- lussubtilis. Induction bytheantibiotic isprimarily dueto activation ofthetranslation ofcat-86-encoded mRNA.Ithas beensuggested that theinducer stalls ribosomes atadiscrete location intheleader region ofcat-86 mRNA,which causes the destabilization ofadownstream RNAsecondary structure that normally sequesters thecat-86 ribosome binding site. Itisthe destabilization ofthis RNAsecondary structure that permits translation ofthecat-86 coding sequence. Inthepresent report, weshowthat ribosomes that werestalled inthecat-86 leader by starvation ofhost cells fortheaminoacid specified byleader codon 6induced geneexpression toalevel above that detected whencells werestarved fortheamino acids specified byleader codons 7and8.Starvation foraminoacids specified byleader codons 3,4,or5failed toactivate cat-86 expression. These results indicate that thestalled ribosome that ismostactive in cat-86 induction hasits aminoacyl site occupied byleader codon 6.Todetermine ifchloramphenicol also stalled ribosomes inthe cat-86 regulatory leader suchthattheaminoacyl site was occupied bycodon6,weseparately changed leader codons 3, 4,5,and6tothetranslation termination (ochre) codon TAA. Eachofthemutated genes wastested foritsability tobe induced bychloramphenicol. Theresults showthat replace- mentofleader codons 3,4,or5bytheochre codon blocked induction, whereas replacement ofleader codon 6bytheochre codonpermitted induction. Collectively, these observations lead totheconclusion that cat-86 induction requires ribosome stalling inleader mRNA,andthey identify leader codon 6asthe codonmostlikely tobeoccupied bytheaininoacyl site ofa stalled ribosome that isactive intheinduction. Twoclasses ofinducible antibiotic-resis tance


An anti HBsAg antibody was either,(a)physically absorbed to microwells or(b)immobilized to glutaraldehyde coated microwells.Atomic force microscopy(AFM) imaging of these well surfaces showed there were no individual antibodies be clearly identified for physically absorption,whereas for glutaraldehyde crossliking there were a large number of distribution of antibody aggregate on the well surface.On future incubation with HBsAg,AFM imaging showed that for physical absorption there was a scarce HBsAg population density on the surface,while for the covalently immobilized antibodies there were a high density of HBsAg molecules.The diameter of the later HBsAg was visually determined to be approxiamately 20 ̄30nm.


Walter Benjamin is a significant ideologist in Post-Modern research that can not to be neglected. His study on the ideological and cultural aspects had deep insight into the predictions of the post-modern cultural turn--Culture is managed by the mass media,and it continues to gloss over itself to pursue business profits and political intentions.The article first briefly reviews the history of Benjamin's life, and then introduces his magnum opus--The Art Work of the Machine Replication,which is the embodiment of technocracy.This book points out technological innovation would bring about great influence on development of the arts and even change the audience perceptual approach.From the occult caused by irreproducibility to the popularity caused by mechanical reproducibility,this process results in the conversion of transmission mode,and leads to the disintegration of artwork' s contents and the authenticity.


Background: A high incidence of backache with radiating pains to the lower extremities, termed transient radicular irritation (TRI), has been reported following the use of 5% hyperbaric lidocaine. This has been attributed to a neurotoxic reaction.


This paper reports on an attempt to apply a shadow pricing system: "The Little-Mirrlees (LM) Method" to a new road project between Ipoh and Kuala Kangsar in west Malaysia. The paper includes an outline of the project with particular reference to the benefits and costs involved, and a discussion of the 1M method of project appraisal as applied to highway projects. Particular difficulties discussed are the valuation of time saving, the conversion to the LM numeraire of the consumer surplus arising from generated traffic, and the distribution of savings into real savings and tax savings. An account is given of the derivation of the factors needed for the appraisal, namely the standard conversion factor; the shadow price of land; the shadow wage rate; the shadow prices for construction and maintenance; and vehicle operating costs at shadow price. The cut-off rate of discount was estimated to be 10-12 per cent. The best estimate of internal rate of returns was 16.41 per cent for a 25 year return which closely compared with 16.90 per cent obtained from a conventional appraisal. Risk analysis yielded a distribution that indicated a 4 per cent chance of the rate of return falling below 10 per cent, a 15 per cent chance of below 12 per cent, and a 50 per cent chance that it would exceed 15 per cent. It is pointed out that this is tolerable with a cut-off rate of 10 to 12 per cent and therefore the project is judged to be economically acceptable. /TRRL/


Abstract : Cuba is an important interest of the United States and at times, a vital one. The situation in Cuba is tenuous, considering the strained political, social, and economic conditions, and exacerbated by questions about Castro's health. This paper proposes and analyzes strategic considerations for the potential employment of United States armed forces in a post-Castro Cuba. It describes possible scenarios as well as the issues, interests, and players that strategic decision-makers need to be aware of in order to understand the dynamics of United States and Cuba relations. The issues include the potential for mass refugee migration, internal conflict that could spill into the region, and demands that the United States intervene for humanitarian reasons. This paper will provide decision-makers another source from which to develop more cohesive military strategies with regards to the potential future changes in Cuba and the high probability of United States involvement. Cuba is an important interest of the United States and at times, a vital one. The situation in Cuba is tenuous, considering the strained political, social, and economic conditions, and exacerbated by questions about Castro's health. This paper proposes and analyzes strategic considerations for the potential employment of United States armed forces in a post-Castro Cuba. It describes possible scenarios as well as the issues, interests, and players that strategic decision-makers need to be aware of in order to understand the dynamics of United States and Cuba relations. The issues include the potential for mass refugee migration, internal conflict that could spill into the region, and demands that the United States intervene for humanitarian reasons. This paper will provide decision-makers another source from which to develop more cohesive military strategies with regards to the potential future changes in Cuba and the high probability of United States involvement.


An enhanced interference phenomenon in the IR absorbance-wavenumber profiles of ship-shaped carbon nanotubes powder has been observed by attenuated total reflection at room temperature. This room temperature interference phenomenon was considered as possibly originating from an optical resonance effect and that single carbon nanotubes could act as individual Fabry-Perot or Lummer-Gehrcke resonant cavities. It is demonstrated that this interference phenomenon could be an Anderson type localisation phenomenon due to resonant modes in the semi-disordered ship-shaped carbon nanotubes nanopowder which could form a plausible resonant cavity.


This paper presents investigations into a comparative assessment of the effects of low- and high-frequency noise in relation to personality traits. The high- and low-frequency noises used are produced in the research laboratory using CoolEdit software. In all, 80 candidates were exposed to equivalent continuous sound pressure level of 65 dBA of low- and high-frequency noise in an acoustic room with a 2-week interval. After 1 hour of exposure to noise, participants were asked to complete noise annoyance scale, Weinstein noise sensitivity questionnaire and loudness perception. The results obtained indicate that there is a significant difference between annoyance and perception of low-frequency noise in comparison to annoyance and perception of high-frequency noise, but no significant difference is noted between sensitivity to low- and high-frequency noise. The multivariate analysis of covariance test is applied, which reveals that personality traits have a significant effect on sensitivity to low- and high-frequency noise, annoyance due to low- and high-frequency noise, loudness perception of low-frequency noise, but no interaction effects are found. It is further shown that personality traits are more effective on sensitivity, annoyance and loudness perception to high-frequency noise than those of low-frequency noise, and such effects are not only influenced by severity of noise but also by personality traits and frequency components.


An information processing apparatus capable of performing communication in a power saving state while being capable of suppressing power consumption. A first communication unit performs communication in a first communication mode, and a second communication unit performs communication in a second communication mode. A communication mode for the communication performed via a cable is switched from the first communication mode to the second communication mode when it is detected that a shifting condition has been satisfied and the specified communication mode is the first communication mode. Power is supplied to the second communication unit and supply of the power to the first communication unit is stopped when the communication mode is switched from the first communication mode to the second communication mode.


In order to keep the water level ,an important parameter for a safe run of a nuclear plant in the required range, a neural adaptive controller has been designed by adopting PSD control and adaptive and single neural cell intelligent control to restrain the level range and the overshoot,and to achieve fast attenuation and short transition time and static error free .


Surface geothermal expressions such as mud pools, fumaroles, mineral deposits, collapse pits, and hydrothermal eruption craters vary in scale and type over space and time. The evolution in space and time of these surficial thermal features strongly relates to alteration processes caused by hydrothermal fluids. The changes in the physical and mechanical properties of top and subsoils that can control fluid flow, degassing patterns, and occurrence of geothermal hazards remain understudied. The thermal area located south of the Rotokawa geothermal field (New Zealand) includes a variety of major natural surface thermal features and widespread sulphur deposits precipitated by acid–sulphate fluids in steam-heated zones. Decades of sulphur mining induced the formation of new thermal features. Such a setting represents an exemplary case study for investigating old and recently formed thermal features, soil characteristics, types and patterns of superposed hydrothermal alteration, and degassing processes. We combined field and laboratory methods to define groups of thermal features, soil types, and associated alteration. Their spatial distribution indicates that fluid circulation, alteration intensity, and degassing are strongly influenced by the local and regional geological and structural settings, as well as by mining activity. We found that at the water table level and within excavated areas, acidic fluids led to the deposition of mud deposits, sinters, and stromatolites around warm springs and mud pools. In the vadose, steam-heated portions, fluids generally leach and degrade the Taupo Pumice, resulting in broad unstable grounds and collapse structures, while extensive sulphur-encrusted grounds and sulphur-rich soils formed in excavated sites. In this framework, the degassing and fluid circulation within the top and subsoils are strongly affected by the dominant soil layer type, and in turn by its granulometry, texture, and alteration state. Our study of top and subsoils yields precious insights into surface expression variability, fluid–rock interaction processes, and sulphur deposition patterns within steam-heated zones. Processes at such a scale may strongly influence the migration of thermal manifestations, gas outputs, and ground subsidence within geothermal environments. From a broader perspective, our results will help assess the evolution of geothermal activity and related hazards in similar areas worldwide.


In this poster, an interactive offline power modeling and analysis tool based on the R programming language is described. Least squares regression coefficients are calculated with R scripts from Watt meter and proc file system data collected on a 20 compute node high performance computing (HPC) cluster. The High Performance Computing Challenge (HPCC) benchmark suite is used to represent "real world" HPC computations. Ten proc file system files are sampled for each benchmarked compute node. Results show power consumption of HPC applications can be modeled at the full cluster level using the proc file system both inexpensively and conveniently providing insight into the links between HPC cluster applications and cluster power consumption.


Significance The porphyrin nanoemulsion showed effective performance as photosensitizer delivery formulation in the three investigated bacterial models. A high interaction with planktonic Staphylococcus aureus was evident by the significant inactivation results even at the nanomolar range. At the biofilm, bacteria reduction of 6 log was achieved, proving its efficient delivery even at a protective extracellular matrix structure. Finally, the porphyrin nanoemulsion was also effective in the infected ulcer model, overcoming the biological complexity present at infected tissues that limits photosensitizer uptake by the microorganism.


Introduction: Sense of discomfort, which is experienced in daily encounters, can develop into stress, coexist with stress, or interplay with self-efficacy. This study presents two objectives, namely, to develop and test a new instrument called the Emotional Discomfort (EmoD) Scale and to compare the EmoD with the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale. Methods: The study was conducted in an urban primary healthcare center in Greece over a three-week period in 2020. Out of 314 individuals invited to participate, 263 accepted and completed the questionnaire. The EmoD is a five-point Likert-type eight-item scale for assessing individual reaction and sense of discomfort in daily life situations. Results: Cronbach's α for the new scale reached 0.730 (acceptable reliability). Participants who used psychotropic drugs scored higher in the EmoD scale compared with nonusers. GSE scores showed reverse associations with EmoD scores. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that an increase in self-efficacy, as measured using the GSE scale, was associated with a reduction in sense of discomfort, as measured by the EmoD scale. Conclusions: The use of the EmoD scale can aid health or social care providers in detecting levels of emotional discomfort, a finding that is demonstrated to interplay with self-efficacy. Future studies employing the use of this new instrument could examine emotional discomfort in relation to stress coping and social isolation.


Cellulose and red pine were thermally decomposed in water at 200°C in order to clarify the origin and formation of coal. The gaseous and water-soluble products were analyzed by GC and 1H-NMR, while the structural consideration of the water-insoluble solid products was performed by elemental analyses, CP/MAS 13C-NMR and functional group analyses. Morwell brown coal and Morwell coalified log were also analyzed by the same methods.Cellulose was gradually converted at 200°C into water, carbon dioxide, water-solubles and water-insoluble brownish materials. The product distribution did not change after 20hours. The 13C-NMR spectra of the brownish residues after 20hours were similar to that of Morwell brown coal, which indicated that polycyclic aromatic structures should be formed from cellulose during the hydrous pyrolysis at 200°C. The 13C-NMR spectra of the hydrous pyrolysis residues (50hr and 100hr) of red pine were similar to that of Morwell coalified log.The partial model structures of the hydrous pyrolysis residues (50hr), Morwell brown coal, and Morwell coalified log were obtained from the analytical data as shown in Fig. 8. The results showed that the hydrous pyrolysis at 200°C could transform cellulose and wood to brown coal-like materials in only twenty hours.


To determine the extent to which services provided to older people via community mental health teams (CMHTs) vary in duration, composition and intensity. In particular, to identify the degree to which differences between teams are due to casemix.


The cellular membrane is a complex combination of lipids and proteins, whose composition is organelle-, tissueand age-dependent. Membrane proteins are implicated in a wide variety of cellular functions, and comprise B30% of the human proteome and B50% of the current drug targets. They also represent important disease biomarkers. Recent breakthroughs in our understanding of membranes have revealed a highly dynamic, anisotropic, and heterogeneous lipid environment. This complex environment of the membrane has been shown to play an important role in determining the interactions of membrane lipids with proteins. Membrane organization and dynamics, and lipid–protein interactions are studied using a wide range of experimental approaches. Concomitantly, molecular details of membranes


Growth performance and survival was evaluated for Pinus ayacahuite and Pinus rudis on three disturbed areas in the volcano Ajusco. The pines species were planted in all three areas, including the fir-pine forest. In 1994 and 1998 measurements of the growth and survival were made in 3 000 seedlings in 50 plots of 400 m2 each. Comparison of growth and survival of Pinus rudis and Pinus ayacahuite indicated that a large proportion of the variation in these traits was accounted for type of locality, which in turn is a function of the microclimate variation provide by the slope exposures. The lowest values of growth and survival were found in pine forest, which, in comparison to pine-fir forest, is located at higher elevations and unprotected from winter dry winds and frost. The results showed that microclimatic variation has a profound effect in the performance of each species. This study shows the importance of carrying out a careful assessment of the revegetation practices in the region.


Characterizing how the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) modifies typical basin-wide dynamical variability has been vigorously pursued over the past decade. Along with this dynamic response, a clear biological impact has been revealed in the ocean color data acquired by remote sensing platforms such as Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS). The signature feature illustrating IOD alteration of typical spatiotemporal chlorophyll variability is the phytoplankton bloom that first appears in September along the eastern boundary of the IO in tropical waters that are normally highly oligotrophic. Positive chlorophyll anomalies (CLa) are also apparent in the southeastern Bay of Bengal, while negative anomalies are observed over much of the Arabian Sea. Moreover, in situ measurements obtained by the R/V Suroit as part of the Cirene cruise during the 2006/2007 IOD reveal anomalous subsurface biochemical distributions in the southern tropical IO that are not reflected in SeaWiFS data. Despite the clear basin-wide influence of IOD events on biological variability, the accompanying influence on biogeochemical cycling that must occur has received little attention. Here, the dynamical signatures apparent in remote sensing fields for the two positive-phase IODs of the SeaWiFS era are used to illuminate how these events are similar or distinct. A corresponding comparison of IOD-engendered surface CLa is performed, with the dynamical fields providing the framework for interpreting the mechanisms underlying the biological response. Then, results from a newly developed net primary production algorithm are presented that provide the first characterization of how biogeochemical fluxes throughout the IO are altered by IOD occurrence.


In this paper, a new height estimation method based on joint time delay and phase estimation is proposed, which can solve the contradiction between the dimensions of the observing space and the hypothesis of spatial stationarity. It can improve the performance and robustness of time delay estimation by utilizing the neighboring pixels' common information though spatial processing. The simulated data varifies the perfermance of the proposed method. The result is that its performance is better than the cross correlation estimation method.


The Wunderkammer—a collection of wonders peculiar to the late Renaissance in Europe—has recently become a popular metaphor for new digital media for its ability to challenge modern categories of knowledge. Given that very little has been written on the Wunderkammer—and virtually nothing from the perspective of media history—its newfound popularity in contemporary scholarship on digital media warrants a closer look at its history. This thesis examines the classification techniques and representational strategies of the late Renaissance Wunderkammer through a case study of a proposal for an ideal collection written by Samuel Quiccheberg in 1565. The case study serves as a point of entry into an analysis of the conditions that made the Wunderkammer an effective method of producing knowledge for sixteenth-century collectors, as well as provides an opportunity to identify historical discontinuities between phenomena now considered 'media'. I conclude by outlining a number of ways in which future media histories of the Wunderkammer might proceed.


We investigated the effects of $\text{Al}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}$ -capping layer diffusion between the interfacial layer (IL) and $\text{HfSiO}_{\mathrm{x}}$ dielectric in DRAM periphery transistor, mainly focusing on electrical performance variations by modulation of thickness and Hf content. Higher Hf content and appropriate $\text{Al}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}$ capping layer were found to be optimal for pMOSFET fabrication. A model of competing dipoles formation are suggested to describe the mechanism.


In France, religious persecution outlived Pierre Bayle and nearly outlived Voltaire. Only in the mid-1760's, when the Enlightenment had long been affecting other aspects of their thinking, did Catholics at last accept a measure of religious toleration. Six Calvinist pastors were put to death after 1745, and Jean Calas was condemned as late as 1762. The purpose of this article is to study why the persecution of religions persisted in a non-theological age. Our understanding in this instance requires that we set aside strictly religious categories, and examine what role the secular state played in the thinking of Catholics and anti-Catholics alike; for it was this state to which the last Huguenot victims were sacrificed.


Abstract The study presents the possibility of applying the Buckingham theorem to modeling high-pressure regenerative heat exchangers in changed conditions. A list of independent parameters on which the water temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger depends was selected; and by means of the Buckingham theorem a functional relation between two dimensionless quantities, where there is no overall heat transfer coefficient, was obtained. The exact form of the function was determined on the basis of actual measurement data and a linear relation between two dimensionless quantities was obtained. The correctness of the proposed relation was examined for two high-pressure regenerative exchangers for a 200 MW power plant.


A real time detection method was presented to realize automatic recognition and tracking of weak radar signals in disturbance environments. Because of the different features of target and disturbance echoes, the local convexity of signals was analyzed using orthogonal derivative wavelets to determine the target position according to the statistical probability of the convex intervals. Simulated and actual data were used to test the effectiveness of the method. The results show that the method can effectively detect the target position with signal to disturbance ratios (SDR) down to -5 dB and the algorithm is simple, stable, and easily implemented.


Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) are a unique class of zero-dimensional (0D) van der Waals nanostructures. MoS2 QDs have attracted significant attention due to their unique optical, electronic, chemical, and biological properties due to the presence of edge states of these van der Waals QDs for various chemical functionalization. Their novel properties have enabled applications in many fields, including advanced electronics, electrocatalysis, and biomedicine. In this review, the various synthesis techniques, the novel properties, and the wide applications of MoS2 quantum dots are discussed in detail.


Machine learning algorithms are designed to capture complex relationships between features. In this context, the high dimensionality of data often results in poor model performance, with the risk of overfitting. Feature selection, the process of selecting a subset of relevant and non-redundant features, is, therefore, an essential step to mitigate these issues. However, classical feature selection approaches do not inspect the causal relationship between selected features and target, which can lead to misleading results in real-world applications. Causal discovery, instead, aims to identify causal relationships between features with observational data. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology at the intersection between feature selection and causal discovery, focusing on time series. We introduce a new causal feature selection approach that relies on the forward and backward feature selection procedures and leverages transfer entropy to estimate the causal flow of information from the features to the target in time series. Our approach enables the selection of features not only in terms of mere model performance but also captures the causal information flow. In this context, we provide theoretical guarantees on the regression and classification errors for both the exact and the finite-sample cases. Finally, we present numerical validations on synthetic and real-world regression problems, showing results competitive w.r.t. the considered baselines.


Part I Foundations of Skill Instruction Chapter 1: Basics of Good Teaching Chapter 2: It All Starts With the Athlete Part II Skills Your Athletes Need Chapter 3: Technical Skills Chapter 4: Tactical Skills Chapter 5: Mental Skills Part III Designing Practice Sessions Chapter 7: Deciding on the Content and Structure of Practice Chapter 8: Providing Feedback Chapter 9: Combining the Practice of Technical, Tactical, and Mental Skills.


The shape-from-moments problem is to reconstruct a planar polygon from a set of its complex moments. To reconstruct a polygon means to estimate the vertices and the ordering of the vertices. We notice that some coefficients are very important in finding out the ordering of the vertices. We introduce sensitive factors for the coefficients and use it to analyze sensitivity. These factors are also useful for the sensitivity of the vertices.


Abstract. Celiac is a digestive disorder that damages the small intestine by the ingestion of a substance, called gluten that is found in cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye and oats. The ingested foods are broken down into their components and got into the blood thanks to the projections, called villus, in the small intestine. Foods containing gluten reduce the surface area of the intestine by damaging the villus projections and foods are rendered into a non-absorbable form. As a result, nutritional deficiency along with many problems will arise. The only treatment for patients with celiac disease is a gluten-free diet. There are many problems present from unavailability of gluten-free products to the high cost. The state may intervene in celiac disease for reasons such as imperfect information, external costs, public goods, principal-agent problem, imperfect competition conditions and demerit goods. The aim of the study is to raise awareness for celiac disease in Turkey and to develop public policy recommendations that can be implemented in struggling with the disease.  Keywords. Health, Public Policy, Taxation and Subsidies. JEL. I10, I18, H20.


persistent reader can find much of value throughout. Noteworthy are Hamm's concise, accurate characterizations of various authors' contributions to the ongoing debate about the urban reformation, found chiefly in the footnotes. However, flaws depreciate the value of this potentially first-rate introduction to the field of urban reformation. The English-speaking reader will prefer to use Hamm's segment in the Handbook noted above.


An identification-based approach for aircraft engine modeling using the nonlinear HammersteinWiener representation was proposed.Hammerstein-Wiener modeling for both limited flight envelope and extended flight envelope was investigated.Simulation shows that the resulting model can be valid over 10%variation of rotational speed of the engine,compared with those linear models that are only valid over 3%—5%change of rotational speed.It is further demonstrated that the proposed method can be utilized over large envelope up to 20% variation of rotational speed of the engine.The fundamental idea is to use nonlinear models to extend the feasible/valid region rather than those linear models.This may consequently simplify the switching logic in the onboard digital control units.This is often overlooked in aircraft engine control community,but has been emphasized in the research.


Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a complex disease including a result of which children and adolescents medical applications daily life and lifestyle changes, lack of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Nowadays, there is no improvement in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, it can be maintained near-normal life with the insulin subcutaneous injection (SC) that is missing. Sleep is a concept with psychological, physiological and social dimensions that affect the health and quality of life of individuals. Sleep disorders can often be impaired due to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and parents' nighttime diabetes care behaviors in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. This sleep disorder can adversely affect the progress of the disease and the development of complications. Good sleep quality be important role in the regulation of endocrine functions and glucose metabolism in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Besides, some studies with adolescents with diabetes have encountered the low quality of sleep as well as those with good sleep quality compared to their healthy peers. The effect of adolescents with Type 1 diabetes sleep quality that more studies are needed to learn. In the study planned in line with all this information that the quality of sleep in adolescents with type 1 diabetes was discussed.


AIM
To evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive therapies in reducing gingivitis and plaque by means of a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A search protocol was designed to identify 6-month RCTs that investigated efficacy of adjuncts to mechanical plaque control on gingivitis and plaque. Following screening, relevant information was extracted, and quality and potential risk of bias were estimated. Mean treatment differences were calculated to obtain standardised and weighted mean differences (SMD, WMD) as appropriate.

RESULTS
Meta-analyses included 70 studies of adjunctive antiseptics. Compared to mechanical plaque control alone, adjuncts yielded statistically significant reductions in gingival index (n = 72; SMD=-1.268; 95% CI [-1.489; -1.047]; p < .001; I2  = 96.2%), bleeding (%) (n = 26, WMD=-14.62%; 95% CI [-18.01%; -11.23%]; p < .001; I2  = 95.1%), plaque index (n = 93, SMD=-1.017; 95% CI [-1.194; -0.840]; p < .001; I2  = 95.3%), and plaque (%) (n = 23; WMD=-18.20%; 95% CI [-24.00%; -12.50%]; p < .001; I2  = 96.9%). Mouthrinses resulted in greater reductions in percent plaque compared to dentifrices (meta-regression, coefficient = 13.80%; 95% CI [2.40%; 25.10%]; p = .020). The antiseptic agents were similarly effective in reducing gingivitis and plaque in patients with dental plaque-induced gingivitis (intact periodontium) or previously treated periodontitis with gingival inflammation.

CONCLUSION
Adjunctive antiseptics in mouthrinses and dentifrices provide statistically significant reductions in gingival, bleeding and plaque indices.


The determinants of risk tolerance play an essential role in asset pricing. In this paper, I develop and test empirically a behavioral model of investor risk strategies. Difficulty in quantifying many of the elements of behavioral theories has so far necessitated experimental, rather than empirical, evaluation of most such models. Therefore, the methodology employed in this paper – testing a behavioral theory on actual pricing data – represents a relatively new technique in behavioral finance. The context for my study is the U.S. mutual fund industry. This field offers an especially appropriate structure for the exploration of the concepts I develop, as well as exerting a key influence on market pricing. I base my model on concepts from the psychological decision making literature, adapting these theories to an investment context. Specifically, I explore fund managers' risk choices relative to their distances from two reference points, Success (the target level of performance, usually identified as returns on a benchmark index) and Exit (the performance level below which a fund manager's employment is terminated). I estimate this model on a large cross-sectional panel of 4,924 equity and 2,682 bond funds. My results support the hypothesis that managers underperforming relative to their reference points take larger risks in an attempt to attain their targets, while managers meeting or exceeding their targets limit risk to maintain their superior performance. Risk tolerance decreases as underperformers approach their reference points and increases as outperformers move even further ahead.


The sudden epidemic in 2020 has swept the world, affecting the economy, politics and other aspects of most countries in the world. In such a period of economic downturn, the live broadcast industry has risen rapidly and has become a major emerging industry. Because it not only meets the requirements of epidemic prevention, but also meets people's social needs, it has developed rapidly. Followed by a series of problems such as tax evasion and tax evasion by anchors and low industry atmosphere. This article aims to investigate the problems existing in the current live broadcast industry and propose corresponding solutions. In today's economic context, on the one hand, we need to fully justify the advantages of live broadcasting, and on the other hand, we must strictly control its illegal behavior. Make rectification in a timely, effective and appropriate way.


Like many investment strategies, convertible bond arbitrage suffered abysmal results in late 2008 following the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Because this strategy is closer to the theoretical concept of arbitrage than many others are, an examination of how convertible bond arbitrage fared during this volatile period offers a case study of how these strategies can break down in times of crisis and the opportunities they offer in the aftermath.


Insertion of nasogastric tube (NGT) is considered easy and uneventful during the intraoperative period, as it is introduced under vision of laryngoscope; however, malposition of NGT has been reported, which can lead to serious complications.1,2 A 28-year-old female, with weight 55 kg, was scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. After routine preoperative evaluation and monitoring, patient was induced and intubated with cuffed endotracheal tube no. 7, then taken up on controlled ventilation. Nanogastric tube was introduced blindly and position was confirmed with air insufflation and epigastric auscultation. Surgery was allowed to start. After 2 to 3 minutes, we noticed bellows of ventilator started collapsing, showing some leak in circuit or the ventilator. Patient was switched to manual ventilation and circuit was checked completely. An insufficient filling of reservoir bag kept us baffled about the site of leak. Circuit was again switched to controlled ventilation on ventilator and a decrease in the excursion of bellows was observed, showing a decrease in tidal volume again. A suspicion of a misplaced NGT led us to pull out the distal end and place it in a bowl of water. A surge of air bubbles with each expiratory movement confirmed the suspicion. A check of laryngoscopy gave us a visual confirmation of NGT in the trachea. On removal of NGT, the tidal volume improved and the ventilator bellows showed a normal excursion. Failure to identify a malpositioned NGT in the trachea may lead to serious pulmonary complications. Immediate confirmation in anesthetized or awake patient is essential before starting enteral feeding or medication. While inserting NGT, always confirm that the cuff of endotracheal tube is inflated (inadequate inflated cuff may direct NGT to trachea) and insertion should be under direct laryngoscope vision using Magill forceps.3 Epigastric auscultation is a very crude method of confirmation and may mislead us; 20% of false gastric confirmation by auscultation has been reported by Benya et al.4 Checking for air coming out of the distal end of NGT with every expiration and a decrease in tidal volume as witnessed by a decrease in excursion of bellows should increase our suspicion routinely about a misplaced tracheal NGT and confirmed by laryngoscopy. Various other methods like chest X-ray, ultrasonography, and CO2 colorimeter can confirm the position of NGT. This event emphasizes the importance of sensitizing every anesthesiologist for quick diagnosis of malposition of NGT so as to avoid serious, fatal pulmonary complications because of negligence in such a simple procedure.


Adductor muscles dissected from live scallop Patinopecten yessoensis were stored in oxygenated artificial sea water. The initial muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, approximately 7.5 μmol/g, remained longer at 5°C than at either 0 or 10°C. The pH of sea water, decreased continuously and the consumption of dissolved oxygen increased even after muscle ATP was almost exhausted. The number of viable microbes, measured as colony-forming units (c.f.u.) in the muscle, increased to reach a plateau at approximately 107–108 c.f.u./g, while muscle ATP remained at high levels. After this time, muscle ATP sharply decreased. Antibiotics or sorbate added into the oxygenated sea water effectively inhibited both the growth of microbes and the decrease in the pH of sea water. Under these conditions, the retention period of muscle ATP was greatly extended. Thus, it seems most likely that scallop adductor muscle cells are suffocated by the limitation of oxygen supply caused by aerobic microbes grown on the surface of muscle tissue.


5595 Background: In 2009, an estimated 48,010 new cases of head and neck cancer were diagnosed and 11,260 deaths reported in the United States, with a majority of those cases being squamous cell ca...


Copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and fluorinated alkyl ethylenes are obtained by this invention in which units of the copolymer derived from the ethylene comonomer are substantially uniformly positioned along the copolymer chain.


We propose in this article the use of the Quasi Maximum Likelihood Estimate of Robinson (QMLE, 1995a) for estimating the fractional differencing parameter in the real output and in the growth rate series of France, Italy and the U.K. This method is semiparametric and is robust to the different types of I(0) disturbances. The results indicate that the orders of integration of the real output are, in the three series, higher than 1 but smaller than 1.5, implying that their first differences are stationary but with long memory behaviour. However, the growth rates appear to be I(0) for the three countries. This may appear contradictory at first sight but it is explained by the non-linear log-transform involved. As a conclusion, the results show that the log-transformed series should be the data used in a multivariate framework when relating the real output with other variables in a cointegrating system.


A self-designed small size three-effect tubular still is used to conduct a study on the stills performance in the condition of different medium gases (air, oxygen, carbon dioxide and helium, namely a research about the steady state water-yielding capacity and heat preservation performance. The research concludes that when using carbon dioxide as the medium gas, the steady state water-yielding capacity of desalination facility is better at temperature of 80°and below, water-yielding rate can be as much as 0.6kg/h, which is increased by 18% compared of using air as medium gas; when using carbon dioxide as the medium gas, the heat preservation performance of desalination facility is better ,of which the average temperature is 2°higher than any other medium gas. Thus the system can perform better under the condition of medium gas of carbon dioxide without illumination.


Objectives: To investigate the correlation between the Ser447-stop polymorphism of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) in Chinese. Methods: One hundred and twelve ICVD patients (36 transient ischemic attack[ TIA] and 76 cerebral infarction) and 105 control subjects were recruited. Their genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The CG and GG genotype frequencies in the ICVD group were significantly lower than those in the control group (0.161 vs 0.391, odds ratio [OR] =3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-7.8; P =0.002). ICVD subtype analysis showed that the CG and GG genotype frequency was of no difference between the TIA group and control group, but there was significant difference between the cerebral infarction group and control group. Conclusions : The Ser447-stop polymorphism of LPL gene is closely correlated with ICVD, particularly cerebral infarction. It may be a protective factor against ICVD.

Key words:
lipoprotein lipase;  ischemic cerebrovascular disease;  Ser447-stop polymorphism


One limitation to fabricating MEMS devices in some academic labs is the lack of polysilicon deposition technology. This limits the devices that can be fabricated because polysilicon is a common structural material in MEMS devices. In order to enhance the MEMS fabrication capabilities, expanding the use of Al as a structural layer has been researched. The main difficulty is the lack of a selective wet etch between the Al structural layer and the SiO2 sacrificial layer. In this study, seven etching solutions were studied on SiO2 and Al for their etch rates and selectivity. Two were buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF) solutions with different concentrations of NH4F. Four were BHF solutions with propylene glycol or glycerin at different concentrations. The seventh solution was a commercial solution, Pad Etch 4. Among the seven etching solutions, 5:1 BHF gave the best selectivity between SiO2 and Al. Increasing the NH4F concentration from 5 to 7 parts did not increase the selectivity, but selectivity increased by adding NH4F in HF solution. Adding propylene glycol or glycerin to the 7:1 BHF solution did not increase the selectivity. When glycerin was added to 7:1 BHF solution it provided superior selectivity than was obtained from adding propylene glycol to 7:1 BHF. This paper will present the etch rates and selectivity of the 7 solutions along with comparisons with other published results.


Abstract. The favoured temperature range for soyabean seed germination is 25–30 °C and the crop is sensitive to water stress. In northern India, the crop is sown in the hot‐dry months of May–June. Straw mulching can alter the soil's hydrothermal regime by lowering the temperature and reducing evaporation losses. A field experiment was conducted from 1999 to 2002 at the Research Farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana on a loamy sand soil to evaluate the effect of wheat straw mulch on soil temperature, soyabean seed yield and crop growth. Maximum soil temperatures at sowing depth, recorded during the 1‐month period after sowing (seed germination to seedling establishment stage), were high under no‐mulch, ranging from 30.6 to 48.6 °C, while mulching substantially reduced these temperatures by 1.4 to 12.7 °C. Mulching increased soyabean seed yield by 4.4 to 68.3% in different cropping seasons; it also increased plant biomass by 17 to 122% and nodule mass by 8 to 220%. Leaf area index, chlorophyll content of leaves and number of pods per plant were all increased. Seed yield improvement under mulch was negatively correlated with rainfall distribution (number of rainy days) and amount during the whole cropping season. The percentage increase in seed yield with mulching was regressed against the total number of rainy days and total rainfall in millimetres in the cropping season. Thereby 93% of the variation in response to mulching in different cropping seasons was explained by the distribution and amount of rainfall.


This paper addresses the design and analysis of a Knowledge Aided (KA) detector for airborne Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) applications. This processor is composed of a training data selector, which chooses secondary cells best representing the clutter statistics in the cell under test, and an adaptive processor for detection processing. The data selector is a hybrid algorithm, which pre-screens training data through the use of terrain information from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Then, in the second stage, a data driven selector attempts to eliminate residual nonhomogeneities. The performance of this new approach is analyzed using measured airborne radar data, obtained from the Multi-Channel Airborne Radar Measurements (MCARM) program, and is compared with alternative STAP detectors proposed in the open literature.


With a case of project this article expounds the application of composite soil-nail in foundation pit support.In the given excavation depth,when the environment and geological conditions around foundation pit permit,the use of composite soil nailing support makes temporary support safer.It not only satisfies the need of foundation construction,but also reduces the cost,whose beneficial effect is well felt in the society.


Obesity is a serious metabolic disorder characterised by excessive fat accumulation. It is increasing globally at alarming rates (13 % of the world population was obese in 2014). Latest reports project that India is the third highest obese country in the world just behind US and China. Several contributory factors such as sedentary life style and unhealthy food habits; binge eating, consuming junk foods, etc., lead to this condition. Though synthetic drugs are proven to be effective, they are also known to manifest undesirable health side effects. Therefore, exploring safe alternatives has become necessary to help manage and treat obesity. Recently, the use of natural products is gaining momentum as an effective solution to the growing obesity 'menace'. Our work focuses on the development and scientific validation of a new Poly Herbal Formulation (PHF) for obesity control. For the present study, four herbal drugs were chosen Phyllanthus emblica (fruits), Curcuma longa (rhizome), Macrotyloma uniflorum (seeds) and Plumbago zeylanica (roots) (ratio 6:3:12:1). Several standardization parameters that include physicochemical and phytochemical analysis as recommended by World Health Organisation guidelines (2011) for Quality Control Methods for Herbal Materials were adopted for the validation of the samples. Results revealed that the values are within the World Health Organisation limits.


Electromagnetic ultrasonic guided wave tomography technique combines electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing with guided wave tomography technology, which can gain lots of visual information of defects in plates and improve the accuracy of testing. This paper presents an experimental platform which utilizes electromagnetic acoustic transducers to generate and receive Lamb wave and reconstructs the profile of defects of plate. This platform is significant for evaluating the design of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) and various tomography algorithms. This experimental platform consists of transmitting and receiving circuits generating and receiving ultrasonic guided waves, data acquisition circuit collecting ultrasonic signal, FPGA circuits controlling the operation of the platform, a mechanical structure supporting test pieces, a motion module and positioning modules precisely detecting the positions of EMATs at different spatial sampling points. The working parameters of the platform are controlled by a laptop, and the received signals are displayed on the laptop as well. The software for the platform is developed based on LabWindows/CVI. A 2 mm thick aluminum plate with a blind hole with a diameter of 26 mm and a depth of 1 mm is scanned by the platform. The blind hole is reconstructed using tomography technique, which validates the effectiveness of the platform.


Abstract:
The purpose of the study from which this article is drawn is to explore how older adults (in this study, adults over 60 years of age) experience learning in classroom settings. Based on the literature in adult intellectual and cognitive development, older adult learners differ from young adult learners in significant ways such that they may require different teaching practices to facilitate their learning. In-depth interviews with nine older adults enrolled in degree programs in a university were conducted to elicit their personal narratives of their learning experiences. Participants were asked to keep journals as a means of reflecting on these experiences. One theme that is emerging from the data is how participants past experiences are treated in the classroom. In general, I found that participants past experiences were not recognized or acknowledged by teachers. This article discusses the stories of two participants and outlines some implications for teachers.


The LAMPF II accelerator will require sufficient vacuum to prevent beam loss or beam blowup within the time the beam is in the accelerator. Because this time is quite short (tau < 0.03 s), the vacuum requirements should be somewhat less strict than for the long-time storage machines, such as the ISR (tau greater than or equal to 10/sup 5/ s). In this note, we catalog various vacuum limitations for LAMPF II and outline vacuum-system parameters that meet these limitations. The pressure P less than or equal to 10/sup -7/ T should be adequate for LAMPF II, and a fairly simple vacuum system should obtain P less than or equal to 10/sup -8/ T.


With the development of autonomous control technology for unmanned surface vehicle (USV), its role in the military field has become more and more prominent. The autonomous control technology of mine countermeasures USV (MCM USV) is part of the current research hotspots. Aiming at the application scenario of the MCM USV performing minesweeping tasks in unfamiliar seas, an MCM USV path planner with autonomous exploration, real-time obstacle avoidance, and autonomous mine elimination capabilities is designed, and the training is carried out by layered reinforcement learning. Use the Unity physics engine to build a simulation environment, abstract and model mines, reefs, dynamic obstacles, etc., and build an unmanned boat model with environmental awareness and autonomous decision-making capabilities. Experimental verification shows the effectiveness of the path planner in dealing with dynamic and complex water exploration problems.


This paper presents challenges of the internship programme among civil engineering training in public universities of Ethiopia based on students' experiences and comments. Sample students from two major public universities in Ethiopia shared their experiences. Validated standard questionnaires were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Data were discussed in line with the objectives of the internship. Results indicated that more than 85% of the students arranged their hosting company by themselves, considering the distance to their hometown as the main criterion for their choice of hosting company. Almost half of the participants rated their internship hosting company as not welcoming. The average stay of the students in their internship was found to be only 64.31% of the total internship period of the curriculum requirement. A statistical test indicated that students' satisfaction level and their period of stay were related at a significant level of 5%. Students commented that industries were unwilling to support them and there were usually too many internees on projects. Students advised universities to work closely with the industries, supervise the students and improve the budget. The results implied that there are considerable challenges in internship programmes that require the attention of the parties involved.


Background: Adjuvant bisphosphonates reduce the rate of breast cancer recurrence in the bone and improve breast cancer survival. However, the risk of adverse events associated with bisphosphonate therapy for breast cancer remains poorly defined. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Web of Science libraries. Risk ratio (RR) was calculated to evaluate the adverse events of the meta-analytic results. Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) incidence was calculated using the random effect model (D+L pooled) for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 47 studies comprising 20,607 patients were included; 23 randomized controlled studies (RCTs) provided data of adverse events for bisphosphonate therapy versus without bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates were significantly associated with influenza-like illness (RR = 4.52), fatigue (RR = 1.08), fever (RR = 1.82), dyspepsia (RR = 1.25), anorexia (RR = 1.29), and urinary tract infection (RR = 1.32). No differences were observed in other adverse events. We combined the incidence of ONJ in 24 retrospective studies to analyze the incidence of ONJ using bisphosphonates. The pooled probability of ONJ toxicity in the bisphosphonates group was 2%. Conclusions: Bisphosphonates were significantly associated with influenza-like illness, fatigue, fever, dyspepsia, anorexia, and urinary tract infection. Furthermore, bisphosphonates increase the risk of ONJ toxicity.


Trifluoroacetate metal organic deposition(TFA-MOD) is one of the most promising technology routes for fabrication of YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO) coated conductors. In this paper, high-boiling point organic solvent diethanolamine(DEA) was added to modulate and to improve the properties of precursor solution by suppression the defect in the final films. And the thickness of single coated film was increased by increased concentration of the metal ions in the precursor solution. It is revealed that an exponential relationship was found between the thickness of precursor film after low-temperature decomposition and the ion concentration, as well as the viscosity of precursor solution vs the ion concentration. Optimizing the ion concentration and dip-coating parameters, smooth and crack-free YBCO films after crystallization are achieved with the thickness more than 1.3 μm. The films show homogeneous microstructures while dispersive heterogeneous particles appear in the surface of the thick films. Critical current density(Jc) measurement shows a decrease of Jc due to the increase of the thickness of YBCO films prepared by high concentration precursor solution, while critical currents(Ic) are distinctly improved. For instance, the Ic value of YBCO film prepared by 2.5 mol/L precursor solution is 4.7 times of that by 1.0 mol/L precursor solution.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12weeks swimming exercise on pulse transmit time, inflammatory factors and % body fat in obese middle-aged women. Subjects with over 30% body fat were classified into two groups; exercise (n=12) and control group (n=12). Analytical items were pulse transmit time(ptt), inflammatory factors(CRP, Interleukin-6) and % body fat. The swimming exercise program was conducted 60 minute/day, 5days a week for 12weeks. The results were summarized as follows. As the arterial stiffness, ptt of upper(right and left hand) and low limb(right and left foot) were significantly improved in exercise group. As the inflammatory factors, CRP, Interleukin-6 were significantly decreased in exercise group. % body fat, as the body composition, was significantly decreased in exercise group, too. The results suggest that the body fat reduction in obese individuals through swimming exercise help the blood circulation and may lessen risk of inflammatory response.


A Unified Instability Region for the Extended Taylor–Goldstein Problem of Hydrodynamic Stability S. Sridevi1,3, Huashu Dou2,∗ and V. Ganesh3 1 Research and Development Centre, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore–641046, India 2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China 3 Department of Mathematics, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering and Technology, Kirumampakkam, Puducherry-607402, India


This research paper endeavors to highlight the relation between the exports of the Indian pharmaceutical industry and overall economic growth of India during 1980-81 to 2012-13 by applying Granger causality analysis. For this purpose, data has been taken from the various Reports of the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, Directorate Annual Reports of the Pharmaceutical, Handbook of Statistics, Reserve Bank of India, Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics and Annual survey of Industries. The variables taken up for the causality analysis are Real GDP per capita and Exports of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry. The study also highlights the trends and growth pattern for the exports and imports of Indian pharmaceutical industry during the same time period. The bivariate Granger causality test suggests that there is unidirectional causality from GDP per capita to the Exports of Indian Pharmaceutical industry with double lag. Moreover, the multiple regression analysis is employed to assess the determinants of Indian pharmaceutical exports and the result shows that all the selected factors have a significant linear relationship with exports of Indian pharmaceutical industry. The analysis suggests that the Government should frame the policies which spur the economic growth in India in order to accelerate the export from Indian Pharmaceutical Industry. Further, the sustained GDP growth will enhance the exports potential of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry which will act as a catalyst to growing nature of Indian economy in the changing policy paradigm.


Experimental methods in general, and games in particular, are increasingly significant in development economics, but have had rather a limited and partial engagement with anthropology. Given the multidisciplinary character of development studies, it is timely to consider the potential of experimental games for multi-methods development research. Here I give a brief account of experimental economics and key games, for newcomers, followed by a critical discussion of the game methods as applied in a large and influential set of cross-cultural studies by (predominantly) anthropologists working with evolutionist paradigms. I conclude with a wider reflection on core assumptions in the experimental approach which need re-thinking from a broader base in social theory.


An experimental real-time reach and split extension of a 28 Gbit/s electrical duobinary TDM-PON is demonstrated. 50 dB budget is achieved using either remote nodes based on SOA or based on a distributed OLT concept.


The use of transmission matrix in the design of reactive muffler is discussed in this paper,then based on the transmission matrix of the noise elimination cell,the insertion loss formula of the muffler is deduced.It can be used to calculate and forecast the muffler's noise elimination capability.This appears to be useful for the design and further study on mufflers.


Published data on water absorption index and water solubility index of food materials are selected from the literature and organized into a database. Useful information such as the characteristics of the database and the statistics of the included data are presented. Researchers report that the values of the latter properties are affected by extrusion process variables.


Fat accumulation in the pancreas, defined as fatty pancreas, is usually an incidental finding during transabdominal ultrasound examination. Fatty pancreas without any significant alcohol consumption is defined as non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease. Even though its clinical impact is still largely unknown, hypothetically the disease progression could lead to chronic pancreatitis and possibly pancreatic cancer development. Recently, metabolic problems such as diabetes, central obesity, fatty liver, and dyslipidaemia have been considered important risk factors related to non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease and pancreatic cancer; however, the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood. Early detection and screening for pancreatic cancer in clinical practice is troublesome because of the non-specific symptoms, anatomical location, accuracy of biomarkers in clinical practice, and high risk of radiation and contrast agent exposure from imaging study. Endoscopic ultrasound is still considered the best method for pancreas evaluation and for the screening and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. However, there is still much debate regarding its cost, availability, and the training experience of the operator.


The energetic processes used in ion implantation give rise to many mechanisms that can result in the contamination of implanted surfaces by metallic and dopant atoms. This article discusses methods used to identify the sources of such contamination, and gives examples of ways to minimize or eliminate the transfer of contaminant atoms to implanted wafers during high-current ion implantation.


The method of making a silica-based buried-gate thin film solar cell, comprising: preparing a bottom electrode; a P + silicon thin film layer deposited on the bottom electrode; P- silicon thin film layer deposited on the P + silicon thin film layer; P- silicon thin film layer N- type silicon is deposited on the thin film layer; N-type impurity on the N- type silicon thin film electrode window at the heavily doped N + type silicon thin film is formed on the N- type silicon thin film layer of the electrode at the window; preparation top electrode; depositing a top electrode is surrounded by N- type silicon thin film layer; P-type silicon thin film laser etching through a groove, and the N-type silicon thin film layer sides with a laser etched groove through the communication P- silicon thin film layer ; continue through slots above the silicon thin film deposition, the silicon thin film is formed P- layer surrounding N-type silicon film. The present invention improves the light-receiving area of the solar cell, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell; and a thin film preparation process is compatible with existing battery production process, can be produced using existing equipment.


Modified benzyl esters from coconut, palm, and soybean oil were used as alternative rubber processing oil to replace distillate aromatic extract oil (DAE). The effect of benzyl esters on mixing, curing properties, polymerfiller interaction and Mooney viscosity was investigated in silica filled natural rubber compound. Benzyl ester oil was found to be effective processing oil with decreasing of mixing energy and Mooney viscosity. Furthermore, it was found that coconut and palm benzyl esters showed higher torque difference than the aromatic oil filled compound. Also, benzyl ester oil gave similar level of cure time and dynamic properties compared with the rubber compound with aromatic oils.


The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Current Ratio, Debt to Total Asset Ratio, and Net Profit Margin to Financial Distress in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2014. The results of this study indicate that the Persial Current Ratio has a significant effect on Financial Distress. While the Debt to Total Asset Ratio does not significantly influence the Financial Distress. While the Net Profit Margin has a significant effect on Financial Distress. Simultaneously Current Ratio, Debt to Total Asset Ratio and Net Profit Margin have a significant effect on Financial Distress. This is evidenced by the determinant coefficient of loading with the adjusted R2 value of 0.196. This shows that 19.6% of the Financial Distress is influenced by Current Ratio, Debt to Total Asset Ratio and Net Profit Margin and the remaining 80.4% is influenced by other variables not reviewed in this study


Lymphoma is a potentially life threatening disease. The goal of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of a natural triterpenoid, Ganoderic acid A (GA‐A) in controlling lymphoma growth both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that GA‐A treatment induces caspase‐dependent apoptotic cell death characterized by a dose‐dependent increase in active caspases 9 and 3, up‐regulation of pro‐apoptotic BIM and BAX proteins, and a subsequent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with release of cytochrome c. In addition to GA‐A's anti‐growth activity, we show that lower doses of GA‐A enhance HLA class II‐mediated antigen (Ag) presentation and CD4+ T cell recognition of lymphoma cells in vitro. The therapeutic relevance of GA‐A treatment was also tested in vivo using the EL4 syngeneic mouse model of metastatic lymphoma. GA‐A‐treatment significantly prolonged survival of EL4 challenged mice and decreased tumor metastasis to the liver, an outcome accompanied by a marked down‐regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation, reduction myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and enhancement of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the host. Thus, GA‐A not only selectively induces apoptosis in lymphoma cells, but also enhances cell‐mediated immune responses by attenuating MDSCs, and elevating Ag presentation and T cell recognition. The demonstrated therapeutic benefit indicates that GA‐A is a candidate for future drug design for the treatment of lymphoma. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 102–114, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) studies in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with freezing of gait (FOG) have implicated dysfunctional connectivity over multiple resting‐state networks (RSNs). While these findings provided network‐specific insights and information related to the aberrant or altered regional functional connectivity (FC), whether these alterations have any effect on topological reorganization in PD‐FOG patients is incompletely understood. Understanding the higher order functional organization, which could be derived from the "hub" and the "rich‐club" organization of the functional networks, could be crucial to identifying the distinct and unique pattern of the network connectivity associated with PD‐FOG.


Plant for dampening solution for offset printing, having a dampening solution apparatus (10, 62, 72) comprises a dampener tank (16) for storing the processed dampening means (14), and means (40, 60, 70) for feeding one or more liquid base materials (42) for the dampening solution in the dampener tank (16), characterized in that the feed means (40, 60, 70)) means for cooling the or be fed raw materials (42) or a mixture thereof prior to its or their power supply in the dampener tank (16).


The study examines the links between Nigerian economic growth, employment and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the manufacturing and servicing sectors between 1990 and 2009. The significant results of the Johansen cointegration technique and the vector error correction model reveal that FDI in the servicing sector has a positive relationship with economic growth while FDI in the manufacturing sector has a negative relationship. FDI in the manufacturing sector has a positive relationship with employment rate while FDI in the servicing sector has a negative relationship with employment rate. Granger causal relationships among these variables exist. In the growth equation, causality runs from growth to FDI in the service sector while growth and FDI in the manufacturing sector have bidirectional causal effect. For the employment equation, unidirectional causality runs from FDI in the service and manufacturing sectors to employment rate.


BACKGROUND
Scutebarbatine A is a new neo-Clerodane Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Scutellaria barbata, which has many pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. However, there are no studies on the metabolism of Scutebarbatine A.

OBJECTIVE
To explore the metabolism of Scutebarbatine A in the body, the bile, plasma, urine and feces samples of rats after administration were investigated.

METHODS
The biological samples were investigated by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS).

RESULTS
A total of 20 metabolites were identified: 16 phase I metabolites and 4 phase II metabolites. The main metabolic pathways were hydrolysis, oxidation, hydrogenation, dehydration and combination with sulfate.

CONCLUSION
This study further elucidates the metabolism of Scutebarbatine A in rats, and provides a reference for the study of its pharmacodynamic material basis and pharmacological mechanism.


A field study was conducted to determine the influence of application volume and tank mix deposition aids on droplet spectrum and deposition for a fixed wing aerial application. The study involved using a turbine powered aircraft to apply four products designed to improve deposition in 9 and 28 L/ha tank mix solutions. Kromekote papers were used to collect the data at low, medium, and high positions in full canopied soybeans. Comparisons were made using Dropletscan™ software to calculate droplet statistics and deposition (percent area coverage) for both collector materials. Differences in coverage were found between products in all three collector positions in the canopy (top, middle, and bottom) with the top position being significant. Significant differences were found in the application volume and product comparisons for percent area coverage at all levels in the canopy. Typically the higher application volumes (28 L/ha) resulted in higher coverage's for all products tested. The combination treatment of Interlock and Preference resulted in the highest amount of coverage in the canopy. The presence of the soybean canopy reduced the amount of coverage in the top of the canopy nearly 3 times. Droplet size was slightly affected by the different tank mix products. The trend was for the higher application volume treatments to show increased droplet sizes.