Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Mário Jorge Costa Name of the doctoral dissertation Wavefield modeling and signal processing for sensor arrays of arbitrary geometry Publisher School of Electrical Engineering Unit Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 149/2013 Field of research Signal Processing for Communications Manuscript submitted 7 June 2013 Date of the defence 1 November 2013 Permission to publish granted (date) 11 September 2013 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Abstract Sensor arrays and related signal processing methods are key technologies in many areas of engineering including wireless communication systems, radar and sonar as well as in biomedical applications. Sensor arrays are a collection of sensors that are placed at distinct locations in order to sense physical phenomena or synthesize wavefields. Spatial processing from the multichannel output of the sensor array is a typical task. Such processing is useful in areas including wireless communications, radar, surveillance and indoor positioning. In this dissertation, fundamental theory and practical methods of wavefield modeling for radio-frequency array processing applications are developed. Also, computationally-efficient high-resolution and optimal signal processing methods for sensor arrays of arbitrary geometry are proposed. Methods for taking into account array nonidealities are introduced as well. Numerical results illustrating the performance of the proposed methods are given using realworld antenna arrays. Wavefield modeling and manifold separation for vector-fields such as completely polarized electromagnetic wavefields and polarization sensitive arrays are proposed. Wavefield modeling is used for writing the array output in terms of two independent parts, namely the sampling matrix depending on the employed array including nonidealities and the coefficient vector depending on the wavefield. The superexponentially decaying property of the sampling matrix for polarization sensitive arrays is established. Two estimators of the sampling matrix from calibration measurements are proposed and their statistical properties are established. The array processing methods developed in this dissertation concentrate on polarimetric beamforming as well as on high-resolution and optimal azimuth, elevation and polarization parameter estimation. The proposed methods take into account array nonidealities such as mutual coupling, cross-polarization effects and mounting platform reflections. Computationally-efficient solutions based on polynomial rooting techniques and fast Fourier transform are achieved without restricting the proposed methods to regular array geometries. A novel expression for the Cramér-Rao bound in array processing that is tight for real-world arrays with nonidealities in the asymptotic regime is also proposed. A relationship between spherical harmonics and 2-D Fourier basis, called equivalence matrix, is established. A novel fast spherical harmonic transform is proposed, and a one-to-one mapping between spherical harmonic and 2-D Fourier spectra is found. Improvements to the minimum number of samples on the sphere that are needed in order to avoid aliasing are also proposed.


ABSTRACT This essay studies the uses in Romantic drama of the oriental tale and material from The Arabian Nights Entertainment at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Taking as an example the popular tale of Aladdin, I focus on two dramatic adaptions: the Aladdin play by the Danish writer Adam Oehlenschläger published in 1805, and the first British Aladdin written in 1788 by John O'Keeffe and adapted by Charles Farley for performance at Covent Garden in 1813. My comparative aims are, first, to explore how each adaptation tells different stories of the oriental other, and, second, to present specific answers to underlying questions about national identity. I argue that both plays concern identity and power, but whereas the British Aladdin toys with anxieties of imperial power, the Danish Aladdin is about the creative power of art.


Submonolayer (2 x 1) Ba/Si(001) and (2 x 1) Sr/Si(001) surface phases have been studied with normal Si(004) and off-normal Si(022) x-ray standing wave (XSW) measurements. These results are compared to previous XSW measurements of a (2 x 3) phase of Sr on Si(001). The (004) and (022) coherent positions indicate that alkaline-earth metal (AEM) atoms occupy the same type of high symmetry site in the (2 x 1) Ba/Si(001), (2 x 1) Sr/Si(001), and (2 x 3) Sr/Si(001) surface phases. The difference between the AEM adatom heights measured for the (2 x 1) Ba/Si(001) and (2 x 1) Sr/Si(001) phases is consistent with the difference in the ionic radii of Ba and Sr. Consideration of the nearest neighbor AEM-Si bond lengths that would result from AEM atoms sitting on symmetrically dimerized Si(001) at the height specified by the Ba and Sr coherent positions strongly suggests that the AEM atoms occupy valley-bridge sites.


Allozyme electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were performed on sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) from coastal waters of Virginia, including the Chesapeake Bay, and the Gulf of Mexico to test the hypothesis that individuals from the two locations comprise a single gene pool. Both techniques revealed a very low degree of genetic variability within the species (allozyme mean heterozygosity = 0.005, mean nucleotide sequence diversity = 0.036%). The small amount of genetic variation present appeared to be evenly distributed between sampling locations; and therefore, the null hypothesis of a single gene pool could not be rejected (contingency X2 = 1.344, P > 0.5, chi-square significance of mtDNA haplotype distribution = 0.81). This conclusion is consistent with the known life-history characteristics of the species, as well as the results of tagging studies.


: The derivation of the transfer function of the output filter of the electromagnetic compatibility of the inverter, loaded by RL-branch, proposed, which differs by taking into account the presence of resistances in the longitudinal and transverse branches of the L-shaped filter. The form of recording the voltage transfer function of an electrical transformer loaded by RL branch presented. A method for deriving the transfer function from the equations of the mathematical model of a single-phase two-winding transformer proposed. The transfer function derivation has made on T-shaped equivalent circuit of transformer basis, and takes into account the presence of resistance in the transformer windings, the winding connection group. To author's opinion, results can be useful in the design of control systems and their mathematical models for electrical complexes, which include a sine-wave filter or a dv/dt filter and transformer.


Hereditary tyrosinemia type (HT I) is the most severe genetic disease in human tyrosine catabolism, affecting liver, kidney and peripheral nerves. It results from reduced activity of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH), the final enzyme in the dégradation of tyrosine. The accumulation of toxic metabolites in liver leads to progressive liver malfunction and cirrhosis which leads to the fatal outcome in infancy. Despite the fact that tyrosinemia type I is a rare genetic disease (the Worldwide prevalence is 1 case to 120 000 newborns), in Saguenay Lac Saint-Jean and Charlevoix régions of Québec the prevalence of tyrosinemia type I is very high, one case to 1846 newborns. The object of this project is the synthesis of inhibitors of the homogentisate 1,2dioxygenase (HGO), the third enzyme in the catabolic tyrosine pathway in human. Thèse inhibitors represent the halogenated analogues of homogentisic acid, which is a substrate of HGO. Treatment of HT I using thèse inhibitors may be a very good alternative to the orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) which is now the only effective form of therapy of this disease.


Author(s): Panich, Lee M.; Moranchel Mondragon, Erica; Porcayo Michelini, Antonio | Abstract: The X-ray fluorescence analysis of obsidian artifacts from four study areas in Baja California, Mexico, suggests regional and local patterning in the geological sources used by indigenous hunter-gatherers during the late prehistoric and colonial periods. Obsidian artifacts were typically made from materials from the closest geological source, creating a distinct north-south pattern of obsidian distribution. In the northern region of Baja California, this pattern appears to correspond to ethnographically-documented language boundaries. However, within each study area, particular sites exhibit higher degrees of obsidian source diversity than others—a pattern that may suggest chronological or social variation in access to particular obsidian sources. Unexpectedly, projectile points do not exhibit noticeably higher levels of source diversity when compared to an aggregate of all other obsidian artifacts. Together, these patterns offer a baseline of knowledge about regional obsidian distributions and point toward potential avenues for future research on obsidian availability and conveyance in Baja California.


Shock Hugoniot compression curve for water has been measured up to less than 1 GPa. Plane and steady shock wave is produced in water by the flat plate impact of a projectile accelerated up to 500m/s by a compressed gas gun. To measure shock Hugoniot in this pressure range in higher precision, a new experimental procedure was proposed, which is based on the very large pressure dependence of the refractive index of water upon compression. By using this method, shock compression curve was determined. It was confirmed that within the pressure range covered in this experiment, shock-particle velocity Hugoniot can be described by a linear relation with a large slope. Shock temperature was calculated by using the obtained Hugoniot data combined with the values of thermodynamical variables.


Further investigation is done on this class in the second paper. By using results on the Feferman-Vaught generalized product and related notions, and on !T above, the authors show the existence of a countable, complete Lai theory that has a maximal model of power K whenever K S 2**o and K admits any, at all, maximal structure with at most K relations. In the third and the fourth sections of the first paper, the relation between £-maximality and Z.-characterizability (i.e., 2l=L93 then 21 £ 93) and the failure of the amalgamation property as to Lmi-elementary embedding are shown, respectively. The main effort in the second result is to construct a triple of structures 21' -<! 91, 93 (where ' d ' is for 'Z,mi-elementary') such that 21 is maximal, and in one version the authors use automorphisms on !F above. A number of open problems are mentioned in both papers. There are many typographical errors. Most of them are not serious, but the following may be useful to mention here. In the first paper: Page 145, line2f.b., "93|T21*" should be"93|r2l* = 21*"; page 147, line 3 in "DEFINITION 2.6.", "a e JRK" should be "a e RK"; page 154, line 1, "LjJ-" should be "L^-". In the second paper: Page 697, in the definitions of 21 and of 93' in the middle of the page, "H" should be restricted to the respective universes; page 699, line 8, "2lK" should be "21". MITSURU YASUHARA


Within the context of globalization, the principal task of philosophy is to conceptualize and differentiate between the diverse dimensions of the intricate and complex processes and problems of globalization, to conduct a proper conceptual analysis, to distinguish between the various approaches to globalization and its dimensions, and to make appropriate judgments about its normative aspects. In this sense, philosophy is presented an opportunity to develop – together with social, natural and technological sciences – the new individual and social consciousness and conscience concerning not only the ethical implications of globalization, but also the corresponding epistemological and methodological questions. Accelerated globalization has caused the growth of confessionally based supraterritorial communities. It has given stimulus to transnational religious bonding, particularly universalistic religions. At the same time the contemporary rise of collective identities rooted in religion has often also been in part a defensive response to globalization. Thus religious revitalization has frequently shaped into a kind of nonterritorial cultural protectionism. Contemporary globalization has encouraged religious revivalism in several ways. On the one hand, many of these anti-rationalist strivings can be understood in part as defensive reactions against encroachments by global forces on established cultures. A number of revivalist movements have exploited global relations to advance their causes. Religious revivalism revolted against modern secularism


This paper will also present single objective optimization and Failure load prediction of Resistance spot welding of Aluminium alloy 57547. The experimental studies were conducted under varying welding currents I, electrode forces F, welding times T, pred preheating currents IA. The settings of welding parameters were determined by using the Taguchi experimental design of L9 Orthogonal array method. For optimization and prediction will be used analysis of Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio and Response surface modelling RSM.


This paper investigates the impact of financial liberalization, international capital flows, cross-border banking, as well as of monetary policy and equity prices on common economic growth. Since 1995, the largest part of real GDP growth in EU countries, Canada and the United-States has been driven by a common factor. Factor-augmented VAR estimates show that since the mid-1990s, equity prices have become by far the main driver of common growth. If common economic growth is positively related to equity prices, it has also become more vulnerable to stock markets' downturns and more responsive to their upturns. Prior to 1995, the liberalization of domestic credit impacted negatively common economic growth and was the main source of volatility. The liberalization of capital flows and stock markets which was completed at about the same time, had an insignificant albeit negative impact on common economic growth. These results are robust to different VAR specifications. The impact of FDI and portfolio investment intensity on common growth has increased since the mid-1990s but empirical evidence on their relative importance is mitigated.


The invention relates to a flexible tensioning device (1), especially for medical purposes, comprising an arm (3) consisting of a plurality of members (2) that can be swiveled with respect to one another, said arm (3) being lockable via a tensioning element in the respective swiveled position of the members (2). The aim of the invention is to provide a simple tensioning device (1) that is easy to clean and that can be adjusted and locked in many positions. To this end, every element (2) is provided on the one end with a ball (6) and on the opposite end with a socket (7) that receives a ball (6). Every element (2) has a two-part build-up in the longitudinal direction, the individual longitudinal parts (2a, 2b) being adjustable to be locked with respect to each other.


An electrochemical cell DESCRIBED FOR ELIMINATION OF ION aqueous media being equipped CELL with an inlet and an outlet for deionized aqueous medium BE, IN ADDITION TO SUPPLY AND Provided delivery pipes for the flow of brine. The cell is also equipped with an ion exchanger AND LINKED ON INTERIOR SPACES ELECTRODE ELECTRODE among them, separately by webs, IS LOCATED AN AREA OF BRINE. That of the invention is to provide an Electrochemical Cell PURPOSE OF THIS KIND MAY BE CONTROLLED AND DIRECTLY CONTROLLED BY ELECTRIC FIELD AND ELECTRIC POWER APPLIED APPLIED. For this purpose SPACE IS DIRECTLY ADJACENT TO THE BRINE SPACE AND SPACES ELECTRODE ELECTRODE MATERIAL are filled with ion exchange SPACE CONTAINING CATHODE an ion exchanger and Space ANODO a cation exchanger. In addition, the electrodes are in direct contact with the exchange resin Ion and resin beds cation exchange. MULTIPLE ELECTROLYTE CELLS CONSIST OF AT LEAST TWO CELL TYPE DESCRIBED which are disposed proximally to one another. BOTH SPACES ELECTRODO THE SAME TYPE OF ELECTRODES OR SPACES ELECTRODE OF DIFFERENT TYPES are located next FORM EACH OTHER AND HAVE AN ELECTRODE COMMON being separated SPACES electrode relative to each other by a bipolar membrane or BIPOLAR ELECTRODE.


In the tense political scenario between, on the one hand, the Scramble for Africa and British ultimatum seen as a humiliation by many Portuguese and, on the other, the regicide and the end of the monarchy, in a context where the new technologies applied to communication were increasing the reach and popularity of messages and information, the capture and the arrival of the "wild king" to the metropolis generated a vast variety of iconographic production. The body aesthetics, the ankle rings and the waxwork crown became symbolic elements of the otherness represented by Gungunhana throughout decades. The king remained undoubtedly the most famous black person in the Portuguese Empire until the 1960s and the popularity he gained, before and after the capture in Chaimite, made him a true prism of different representations of the "Other". His iconography can reveal a lot about the mentality of the times and successive contexts of production and reception.


Background The initial presentation to coronary angiography and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) vary greatly among patients, from ischemia with no obstructive CAD to myocardial infarction with 3‐vessel disease. Pain tolerance has been suggested as a potential mechanism for the variation in presentation of CAD. We aimed to investigate the association between pain tolerance, coronary angiography, CAD, and death. Methods and Results We identified 9576 participants in the Tromsø Study (2007–2008) who completed the cold‐pressor pain test, and had no prior history of CAD. The median follow‐up time was 10.4 years. We applied Cox‐regression models with age as time‐scale to calculate hazard ratios (HR). More women than men aborted the cold pressor test (39% versus 23%). Participants with low pain tolerance had 19% increased risk of coronary angiography (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.03–1.38]) and 22% increased risk of obstructive CAD (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.01–1.47]) adjusted by age as time‐scale and sex. Among women who underwent coronary angiography, low pain tolerance was associated with 54% increased risk of obstructive CAD (HR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.09–2.18]) compared with high pain tolerance. There was no association between pain tolerance and nonobstructive CAD or clinical presentation to coronary angiography (ie, stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction). Participants with low pain tolerance had increased risk of mortality after adjustment for CAD and cardiovascular risk factors (HR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.19–1.64]). Conclusions Low cold pressor pain tolerance is associated with a higher risk of coronary angiography and death.


Dependence of deformation characteristics changing in superlattice (SL) structures N/GaN Ga Al x 1 x  with Al (10%) on the well-barrier thickness ratio in period was studied in this work. The deformation state of SL and individual layers, relaxation level and periods, layers' thickness and composition of N Ga Al x 1 x  layers were analyzed using high-resolution X-ray diffractometry. It was ascertained that the buffer layer and SL layers are compressed in all the investigated structures. Thus, it has been shown that deformation of the SL period depends on the well/barrier thickness ratio. Thicknesses of individual layers in SL strongly depend on the deformation state of the whole system. Increasing the deformation level leads to the increase of the barrier layer thickness.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of ESD and chromoendoscopy in the detection of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. Methods One hundred and ninetyfive patients underwent endoscopy,with gastric mucosal of suspicious lesions biopsies. After acetic acid joint indigo carmine dyeing,the edge of suspected early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions was identified. After endoscopic submucosal dissection,the form of lesions,cryptopenings,and the laterally developmental border were observed. Results In 195 cases of gastric suspicious lesions,17 cases of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions were found, and the detection rate was 8. 72%( 17 /195); 66 cases of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions were found by staining,and the detection rate was 33. 84%( 66 /195),greater than the former significantly( P 0. 05). The detection of mucosal abnormalities cases of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesion by staining included all the cases of conventional endoscopy. In 66 cases of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions,49 cases were precancerous lesions( 74. 24%),17 cases were differentiated and undifferentiated carcinoma( 25. 76%). In the removal tissue pathology after submucosal resection( ESD) surgery,38 cases are precancerous lesions( 57. 58%), 28 cases were differentiated and undifferentiated type early cancer( 42. 42%). The early gastric cancer detection rate by ESD was higher than that by biopsy forceps biopsy( P 0. 05). Conclusion ESD combined chromoendoscopy can guide biopsy, and improve detection rate of early cancer and precancerous lesion.


Full-scale trials of the water injection technique of silt dredging, carried out in the Netherlands, have proven successful in several respects and indicate various advantages over more conventional silt dredging techniques. The water injection technique is a new concept of dredging in which silt that has settled in a harbor or channel is mobilized by injecting water into the silt layer. In this way, the silt-laden water is encouraged to move as a density current and is directed out of the harbor or channel.


Mechano-optical detection system. Two particles with different mass and refraction index flow inside, across a resonant capillary. By measuring mechanical resonance, the mass of the particles can be obtained and by analysing reflectivity is possible to obtain refraction index. By simultaneous measuring both parameters it is possible to distinguish these particles. Currently, one widely used technique to characterize particles dispersed in liquid medium is based on mechanical hollow resonators. However, this type of systems, despite their high sensitivity, are not able to distinguish among different particles of similar buoyant masses (difference between the mass of the displaced liquid and the mass of the immersed object). So far, the only solution to this problem is performing multiple measurements changing the carrier liquid, which increases costs and complexity of the process. Nevertheless, this method is not suitable for biological analyses, where carrier liquid cannot be arbitrarily changed.


Over the past year, there has been considerable debate about how the slowing of the
United States and other major developed economies affects output growth across the
world. The main purpose of this paper is to establish relevant conclusions on how the
U.S., Euro Area and Japan gross domestic product growth affect international business
cycle fluctuations, with the objective of identifying the main factors that influence
spillovers into other countries. Using panel data regression, we conclude that output
growth in the U.S. and Euro area are significant in explaining output growth across
countries. Depending on the specifications, trade linkages play a significant role while
financial linkages with respect to the three regions does not (except in one particular
specification). There are signs of potential omitted variable bias in some regression
indicating that some relevant variables have not been taken into account. There is also
clear evidence of a structural change in the transmission mechanism of shocks after
1985 – since when shocks have become more country-specific.


Toxocara canis ( T.canis ) is an important parasite that infects many domestic and farm animals whose economical importance cannot be neglected. The aim of the present study is to detect the hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes on kidney of rats vaccinated with two doses of gamma radiation (600Gy and 800Gy) embryonated eggs . Eighty rats were divided into four groups group I: as normal control group (-ve control), group II: received 2500 infective embryonated T. canis eggs per ml/rat orally, as control infected (+ve control), group III: received 600 Gy irradiated T.canis eggs, group IV: received 800 Gy irradiated T. canis eggs, However, at 14 th day post infection, rats were re-infected (challenged) with non-irradiated infective T.canis eggs. The study showed marked histopathological changes with significant decrease of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and remarkable increase of lipid peroxidation (MDA) in kidney tissue of infected control group. Also, marked increase in urea, creatinine and total proteins with decrease in albumin in control infected group. Vaccinated-challenged group III and IV showed amelioration in all histopathological, biochemical and hematological changes. Radiation exposure attenuated the larval migration from the gastrointestinal tract to other organs and controls the damaging effect on the kidney. The dose of 800Gy showed better results than lower dose.


Background: The non ionization of magnetic resonance fields effect sreported with radical pair recombination. Which is one of the familiar methods by which static magnetic felid interact with biological systems. Exposure to static magnetic fields can effect on the paramagnetic free radicals by increasing the concentration, the activity and life time of paramagnetic free radicals, which might lead to genetic mutation, oxidative stress, and in some times with apoptosis. Objective: To estimate the genotoxicity on DNA molecule during expose to static magnetic field 1.5T of magnetic resonance imaging. Patients and Methods: The five blood samples were irradiated to 1.5T static magnetic field at different periods (10,20,30,40,and 50 minutes correspondingly). All exposures were performed at room temperature. Cellular DNA damage had been analyzed by the alkaline comet assay. Results: The results approved a significant increasing in the rate of recurrence of singlestrand DNA breaks next to the exposure of a 1.5T of magnetic resonance imaging at 50 min. According to these results the exposure with 3T magnetic resonance imaging encourage genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes could be suggested. Conclusion: To conclude, in the present study, employing alkaline comet assay, it has been demonstrated thatmagnetic resonance imaginginduced DNA damages is significant in leukocytes at 50 minute after exprosure to 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging.


In the interwar period, as the United States overtook Britain as a world power, American consumer capitalism and its products became a feature of daily life throughout Europe, the British Isles included. Movies and stars, music and all sorts of mass products were among the most visible indicators of a peaceful invasion of goods and ideas from the other side of the Atlantic. The responses of the European elites to the American invasion were multiple, ranging from censorship and straightforward cultural protectionism to imitation and adaptation. Many scholars have touched on the British variation of those ambiguous responses (e.g. Briggs, 1961,1965,1970,1979; LeMahieu, 1988; Scannell and Cardiff, 1991). The account that follows draws on the conclusions of a more focused and systematic enquiry into British reactions to American influences, via a case study of British radio (Camporesi, 1993). However, this article does not aim simply at a description of an episode in the history of the American presence in the British Isles. Its aim is to inspire more general reflections about the functioning of mass media and their products in two separate but interconnected ways. On the one hand, the accounts that follow should serve to problematize the use of terms such as 'Americanization'. Such national labels are too easily applied to cultural products such as movies or TV programmes, and tend to mystify rather than clarify the nature and character of the objects under consideration. For the crucial problem is what happens to cultural products as they move across national frontiers. So the question to be addressed, therefore, is how to identify the 'national' form and content of such goods, as they are exported and distributed beyond their own national boundaries. What follows is an attempt to define what it is we are talking about when we try to describe the American cultural presence in Europe, by reconstructing


The working principle,composition and application in the flange system of the oil-air lubrication technology were described.The system is simplicity,low purchase cost.It has been applied to orbit genus engine flange system successfully.The service lives of flange and orbit are prolonged obviously and considerable economic benefit is obtained.It has important popularizing value.


High resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy XPS core-level Si 2p and O 1s spectra of the nonconductors -SiO2 quartz at 120 and 300 K and vitreous SiO2 at 300 K were obtained with a Kratos Axis Ultra XPS instrument instrumental resolution of 0.4 eV which incorporates a unique charge compensation system that minimizes differential charge broadening on nonconductors. The Si 2p and O 1s linewidths at 300 K 1.1 and 1.2 eV, respectively are similar for all silicates and similar to previous thin film SiO2 spectra obtained previously, showing that differential charging does not contribute significantly to our spectra. At 120 K, there is a small decrease 0.04 eV in the Si 2p linewidth of -SiO2, but no measurable decrease in O 1s linewidth. The O 1s lines are generally and distinctly asymmetric. We consider all possible sources of line broadening and show that final state vibrational broadening FSVB and phonon broadening are the major causes of the broad and asymmetric lines. Previous high resolution gas phase XPS studies have identified large FSVB contributions to the Si 2p spectra of SiCl4, SiF4, and SiOCH34 molecules, and this vibrational structure leads total Si 2p3/2 linewidths of up to 0.5 eV, even with individual peak linewidths of 0.1 eV. The Si atom of SiOCH34 is an excellent analog for Si in crystalline SiO2 because the Si-O bond lengths and symmetric stretch frequencies are similar in both compounds. Similar vibrational contributions to the Si 2p and O1 s spectra of solid silicates are anticipated if the Si 2p and O 1s core-hole states produce similar changes to the Si-O bond length in both phases. To investigate the possibility, Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics calculations were performed and show that changes to Si-O bond lengths between ion and ground states r for both Si 2p and O 1s hole states are similar for both crystalline SiO2 and gaseous SiOCH34. r are 0.04 A for Si 2p and +0.05 A for O 1s in both compounds. Indeed, the vibrational envelope from the Si 2p spectrum of SiOCH34, broadened to our instrumental linewidth of 0.4 eV, accounts for the majority 0.8 eV of the Si 2p3/2 linewidth for crystalline SiO2 1.1 eV with phonon broadening accounting for the remainder. The results provide excellent support for the tenet that final state vibrational splitting, as seen in the gas phase molecules, similarly affects the solid-state spectra. The calculations also indicate that the O 1s linewidths should be larger than the Si 2p linewidths, as observed in our spectra. FSVB should also lead to small peak asymmetries, as seen in the O 1s spectra. The contribution of phonon broadening to the linewidth is also evaluated and shown to be comparable to the FSVB contribution at 120 and 300 K but considerably


Blood transfusion can be life saving, but it is increasingly risky. The major dangers are transfusion reactions and the transmission of infection. Approximately 1-4070 of blood transfusion recipients develop alloantibodies to red cell antigens. The spread of the HIV epidemic is well known (in some urban areas almost 25070 of blood donors are HIV positive); even when testing is done, a few donors are virus positive but antibody negative (the 'window period') and HIV infection may be transmitted I. Hepatitis B or C occur in an estimated 7-15070 of blood transfusion recipients, and syphilis is also a recognized hazard-, The use of 'directed' donations from family members is common, but the incidence of transmitted infections is not reduced by making use of such hand-picked donors. In order to minimize these risks, when a blood transfusion is likely to be needed for a scheduled operation, transfusion of the patient's own predeposited blood, or autologous transfusion, can be valuable. This method can be employed for obstetric procedures.


Objective: A retrospective analysis was carried out to evaluate the results of gliomas treated by stereotactic fractionation radiotherapy. Methods:Sixteen evaluable gliomas patients were studied retrospectively , 8 patients with remnant gliomas after their operation received radiotherapy + stereotactic fractionation radiotherapy, 8 patients with remnant gliomas after their operation received stereotactic fractionation radiotherapy, the irradiation was (±s )57.72±10.33GY. Results: The 1-,2- ,and 3-year survival rates of patients with low grade gliomas were 100%, 100%, 83.3%, 80%,70%、50% for those patients with high grade gliomas . Conclusion: Post- operation stereotactic fractionation radiotherapy is an important method to inhibit growth of tumor and the recurrence of tumor.


Evil, sin constitute reality still present in our lives. But contemporary man fi nds it diffi cult to identify and localize evil. In order to recognize evil-sin, one has to see them in terms of a choice with reference to specifi c order and ideal. Meanwhile, it appears from postmodernist assumptions that there is no objective truth and good, but only various opinions and options. Furthermore, the spiritual image of man living at the beginning of the 21st century is frequently characterized by confusion, uncertainty and lack of hope, which is connected with the loss of remembrance of Christian heritage, attitude of practical agnosticism and religious indifference. Many people appear to be deprived of spiritual base, like heirs who have squandered heritage left to them by history. Despite numerous enslavements, humankind has not lost the sense of evil and knows where this evil is situated. And this evil-sin is subject to incessant confrontation with good and virtue. But is there today a model of good and virtue? Yes – fi rst of all, the model is Merciful God, who revealed Himself in Jesus Christ. Nowadays, in days of moral crisis, this state of tension and struggle for what has an authentic and objective moral value, it is what a Christian particularly needs. Since in many societies a false hierarchy of values is being established, where the chief place is occupied by such goods as success, usefulness, power and pleasure.


The invention provides a device and a method for controlling convexity shape of hot-rolling tandem type rolling mill, which can synchronously realize equal convexity and flat shape along major axis direction of steel plate. When feedback control of crown/shape is carried, a bending apparatus of a downriver bench corresponding to a steel plate part is corrected because correction effect of a bending apparatus of an upriver bench in a bench for controlling convexity can not affect the steel plate part, so the convexity control is high response. A bench for controlling convexity and a bench for controlling shape are optimized according to convexity deviation (or convexity rate deviation) and shape flatness value. So that convexity precision and shape flatness of major axis direction both canbe improved.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the 'state of play' with regard to accounting education reform, which has been advocated for decades but is notable for having failed to produce significant change. We build on prior calls to 'liberalise' accounting education, recommending a move to a more relevant curriculum that considers accounting in its social context. Based on an analysis of the accounting curriculum in 31 Australian and 8 New Zealand universities, we find that, despite widespread and continuing calls for a broader educational approach, there are very few examples of systemic curricular-wide change to the traditional technical and vocational focus of accounting education. As a way forward, a sociologically-informed accounting curriculum is proposed to overcome the widely-recognised limitations of current approaches and the apparent failure of efforts to liberalise the curriculum. We argue that our approach would facilitate the broadening of the curriculum, and the development of better-educated, well-rounded, and socially-aware graduates.


In order to overcome the problem of power generation in distributed energy, microgrid(MG) emerges as an alternative scheme. Compared with the ac microgrids, the dc microgrids have the advantages of high system efficiency, good power quality, low cost, and simple control. However, due to the complexity of the distributed generation system, the conventional droop control shows the drawbacks of low current sharing accuracy. Therefore, the improved primary control methods to enhance current sharing accuracy are systematically reviewed, such as particle swarm optimization programming, probabilistic algorithm and voltage correction factor scheme. However, it is difficult to achieve stable and coordinated operation of the dc microgrids by relying on the primary control. Hence, the various secondary control approaches, such as dynamic current sharing scheme, muti-agent system (MAS) control and virtual voltage control methods have been summarized for voltage regulation. Furthermore, the energy management system (EMS), modular-based energy router (MBER) and other coordinated control methods are reviewed to achieve power management. Besides, various control methods to compensate the effect of communication delay are summarized. Moreover, linear matrix inequality (LMI), Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional stability and Takagi–Sugeno model prediction scheme can be adopted to eliminate the influence of communication delay. In addition, due to the constant power loads (CPL) exhibit negative impedance characteristics, which may result in the output oscillation of filter. Thus, various control approaches have been reviewed to match the impedance, such as the nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) feedforward compensation method, linear programming algorithm, hybrid potential theory and linear system analysis of polyhedral uncertainty. The merits and drawbacks of those control strategies are compared in this paper. Finally, the future research trends of hierarchical control and stability in dc microgrids and dc microgrid clusters are also presented.


Objective Mobile population migrating from rural areas are becoming more important objects in preventing HIV/STD(Human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted disease)in China.The objective of this study is to find out the high sexual risk behaviors of HIV/STD and knowledge of transmission routes and symptoms of HIV among this particular population.Method A total of 2 201 participants were selected by sampling from professional sectors where large number of mobile workers were employed.They were asked to report the time of their first sexual behavior,numbers of sex partners,presence of commercial sexual behavior,sexual behavoior of their sex partners,condom using and HIV/STD related knowledge.Results The findings of our study showed that the mobile population migrating from rural areas had more HIV/STD high risk sexual behaviors;67.4% had pre-martial sex behavior,31% had more than one sexual partners,9.4% engaged in commercial sex activities,and only 39% used condoms in their sexual behaviors.They had much HIV/STD knowledge,and all of them knew the three routes of HIV transmission.Conclusion Greater efforts should be made to reduce the risk of HIV/STD infection and promote condom use among mobile population migrating from rural areas.


The published plate methods for the detection of hydrogen peroxide‐producing lactic acid bacteria, which employ horseradish peroxidase and a chromogen, clearly fail to detect all the organisms that produce H2O2. Whilst keeping the same principle, the use of a novel growth medium and of the chromogen tetramethyl‐benzidine allows the detection of H2O2 production by strains previously classified as non‐producers.


Jingluo in Chinese medicine is studied by modern methods such as wave theory, quantum mechanics and electro-dynamics. Simplified models are established for human body's sound harmonic wave container and electromagnetic resonant cavity, and harmonic wave bands in the body are obtained. The results show that 1) sound vibration and sound wave in the body play an important role in energy transfer and transformation; 2) most energy of electromagnetic wave outside the body distribute on the skin, which is the reason why many loci (acupuncture points) are located on the skin and may be stimulated for disease treatment; and 3) the movement system of Jingqi in the body is different from the systems of circulation and nerve. Mainly containing photons and phonons, a few electrons and other microscopic particles, Jingqi in Chinese medicine follows the law of quantum to move. Jingqi possesses the property of wave and particle, and can neither be described by accurate path nor be restrained for its movement in any particular channels in human bodies. This is the very reason why the corresponding channels of Jinluo have not been found by experiments for decades.


Parameatal urethral cyst is a benign congenital anomaly which occurs in newborn, children or even in adults. Most area symptomatic and rarely present with urinary complaints. We report a case of an asymptomatic male newborn with congenital parameatal cyst which was recognized just after birth. Complete excision of the cyst with total removal of the epithelium is required for treatment and for prevention of recurrence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i2.11235 Journal of Kathmandu Medical College Vol. 3, No. 2, Issue 8, Apr.-Jun., 2014 Page: 92-93


of agriculture and into industry. For Professor Nakamura, the question of creating a surplus does not arise; it has been there all along, but before it can be used a transfer into proper hands must take place. In effect, he tells us that Japan was a much richer country than indicated by the statistics. The land tax would still be the main source of public developmental revenue, and landlords could still have transferred income from agriculture to industry, but in the main these possibilities arose because of assets already in existence and redistributed by the new regime; not assets created during the development process itself. We should expecially note that the standard version of the role of agricultural development in Japan is not contradicted by Hayami-Yamada: the key element of simultaneous industrial and agricultural growth is preserved, as is the creation of a surplus.


Background: Lassa fever could precipitate a condition of hypercoagulable state with multiple organ involvement. We report an unusual presentation of cerebral vasospasm, intracardiac clot, Wellens syndrome, and popliteal vein aneurysm in a case of Lassa fever. We demonstrate the use of noninvasive imaging in the diagnosis and management of hypercoagulable state in a first case presentation in Lassa fever. Methods: We present a 53-year-old Nigerian woman, with a high-grade fever (39°C) that was associated with chills, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, chest pain, diaphoresis, palpitation, general weakness, muscle aches in all extremities, muscle cramps, dizziness spells, hyperacusis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hematochezia, and abdominal pain. She admitted that her home is infested with rodents. Physical examination revealed severe anemia. Laboratory tests including blood sample analysis and biochemistry were conducted. Lassa fever was confirmed using Lassa virus-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests. Electrocardiography (ECG), two-dimensional echocardiography, venous duplex ultrasound of the leg veins, and transcranial Doppler ultrasound were performed. Results: Blood tests showed electrolyte imbalance and hypertriglyceridemia. Ultrasound tests revealed intracardiac clots with dyskinetic apical septal wall motion abnormality, saccular aneurysm with popliteal venous thrombosis of the right leg popliteal vein, and cerebral vasospasm of the right internal carotid artery due to cardiogenic microemboli. ECG demonstrated Wellens syndrome. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous ribavirin, whole blood transfusion, broad-spectrum antibiotics, isosorbide dinitrate, pentoxifylline, metronidazole, antimalarial, dexamethasone, erythropoietin, anticoagulants (low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin), and supportive care. Conclusion: Noninvasive ultrasound modalities were useful for early detection and treatment of hypercoagulable state in Lassa fever.


A method and system for monitoring the operation of cable shovel machine used. Monitoring system for an electric cable shovel determine shovel when completed digging operation and subsequent tilting operation. The system includes an inclinometer, a current sensor and a monitoring circuit. Inclinometer mounted on the dipper arm so as to provide an indication of the dipper arm output inclination. The current sensor senses current supplied to the horizontal motor. The monitoring circuit to determine when the current sensor provides a current level exceeds Mining indicating current threshold level continues for more than a predetermined period of time period, during this time period, the inclination inclination meter indicating the dipper arm is below digging threshold inclination. In this case, the monitoring circuit providing an indication of the shovel has completed an output digging operation. Then pour operate in a similar manner to monitor rotation of reconciliation in which the monitoring circuit of the trip lever actuation is sensed. Electric cable shovel GPS receiver on the body to provide an indication shovel digging position, the site model is a reference to determine the material being mined.


In the ancient Near East, libraries are attested for the second half of the second millennium and the entire first millennium bce, until the cuneiform script went out of use in the first century ce. Libraries have been unearthed throughout the ancient Near East, in Mesopotamia (both in Assyria and Babylonia), in Anatolia (at Hattusa), and in Syria (for example, at Emar and Ugarit).

Keywords:

ancient Near East history;
archives and documents;
cultural history


Although a great deal of research on PhE (Philippine English) has been initiated and published, its presence in instructional materials and other contentious issues relevant to the existence of varieties of English seems to be marginally tackled in locally printed learning paraphernalia, particularly college English textbooks. A cursory review of literature suggests that at the moment, very few studies that examine the varieties of English represented in textbooks have been undertaken in the local setting. This study, therefore, presents the results of a content analysis of college English textbooks from three leading Philippine universities to identify the standard(s) promoted in teaching and internalizing the rules of English grammar and to pinpoint the norm that authors adhere to writing textbooks. The content analysis of three college English textbooks hints at the assumption that English(es) or varieties of English are rarely extensively reflected and discussed in local college English textbooks and that Filipino textbook writers do not seem to strictly adhere to an exogenous norm, e.g., AmE (American English). The analysis shows that English textbook developers, who are also English teachers, use distinctive PhE grammatical structures in writing books. This makes them propagators of a pluricentric model, i.e., two varieties. In this study, these varieties are American and Philippine English(es).


This special issue serves as a much–needed platform to interrogate the role of theory and the Global South in urban research. The editors call for a new global urban sociology that decenters the US as the point of reference and constructs theory on the basis of non–US, not just US, cities. Theorizing urban life should not be unidirectional, as is often the case when US concepts are exported uncritically to cities elsewhere. Cities in the Global South are important cases for theorizing and understanding urban life more generally, and findings from these cities apply beyond the cases themselves. They can even be used to better understand urban life within the US. The editors take inspiration from Raymond Williams' work


Aim: To determine the factors affecting mortality in patients admitted to ICU with chronic pulmonary disease. Material and Methods: Patients with chronic pulmonary disease admitted to Hacettepe University Hospital Medical ICU during the period 01.12.1999 and 31.07.2001 were included in the study. Data were obtained from the prospectively formed ICU database. Data included in the study were APACHEII score, type of pulmonary disease (KOAH, others), admission cause (pulmonary, cardiovascular, other), treatment in the ICU (medical therapy only, invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation), need for a tracheotomy, ICU and hospital outcome. Student t-test and chi-square test were utilised to compare hospital survivors and non-survivors. Independent factors affecting hospital mortality were determined by logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the 75 patients with chronic pulmonary disease included in the study, 54 had COPD. Hospital mortality rate was 28%. Non-survivors had signifi cantly higher APACHE II scores (23.9±8.2, 17.4±6.0, p<0.001). For 72% of non-survivors and 85% of survivors, the reason for admission was pulmonary problems (p<0.05). Causes other than pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases for admission made up 24% in the nonsurvivors and 4% in the survivors (p<0.05). Eighty-one percent of the non-survivors and 33% of the survivors were treated with invasive mechanical ventilation (p<0.001). Non-invasive mechanical ventilation was used in 14% of the non-survivors, and 54% of the survivors (p<0.01). Tracheostomy was performed to 5 of the non-survivors and 1 of the survivors (p<0.01). Multivariable analysis revealed that an APACHE II score >19 and invasive mechanical ventilation in place of non-invasive mechanical ventilation were independent factors determining hospital mortality (odds ratio [confi dence interval], respectively are 4.7 [1.3-16.4], p<0.05; 6.2 [1.4-26.6], p<0.01). Conclusion: For patients admitted to an ICU with chronic pulmonary disease, an APACHEII score higher than 19 and invasive mechanical ventilation are independently associated with higher hospital mortality. (Yoğun Bakım Derg 2011; 1: 12-5)


In this study, we propose a navigation system that guides a robot at a location visited for the first time, without developing a map in advance. First, it estimates the position of a path that exists on the local map by matching the metric route information and the local map generated by simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM); this is achieved by using a particle filter. Then, the robot travels to the destination along the estimated route. In this system, the geometric accuracy of the route information specified in advance and the accuracy of the map generated by SLAM are essential. Furthermore, it is necessary to recognize the traversable area. The experiment performed verifies the matching of the route information and local map. In the autonomous running experiment, we conduct a trial run on a course set up at the University of Tsukuba.


Electrical system for a motor vehicle with - at least a vehicle battery (24); - a starter (28); - at least one voltage-sensitive consumers (34); - at least one energy storage (22); - at least a first (10) and at least a second DC / DC converter (20, 20 '), each having a first (12, 16) and a second terminal (14, 18), wherein the respective first connection (12, 16) with the at least one energy storage (22) is coupled, wherein the second terminal (14) of the at least one first DC / DC converter (10) coupled to the at least one voltage sensitive consumers (34); wherein the second terminal (18) of the coupled at least one second DC / DC converter (20, 20 ') with the at least one vehicle battery (24); and - a locking element connected between the second terminal (14) of the at least one first DC / DC converter (10) and the second terminal (18) of the coupled at least one second DC / DC converter (20, 20 ') and adapted is a current flow from ...


Until the Second World War Canada did not collect foreign intelligence in any significant way. Even following the war Canada was never fully committed to the collection of foreign intelligence. Canada preferred to limit its role primarily to the relative non‐controversial stand‐off activity of intercepting communications. For the most part Canada relies heavily on its allies for foreign intelligence despite the recognition that such reliance may undermine our sovereignty and economic security. In this article, Hensler argues that Canada cannot expect a continuation of the generous intelligence‐sharing of the past. The Chretien Government with its export‐led growth strategy, cannot depend on Canada's allies for economic or commercial intelligence. The solution, as argued in this article, is for Canada to establish a foreign intelligence service.


on creating conditions of instability and market confusion. The way this is accomplished is through the management of time-dependent and space-dependent factors. Savitt uses an approach from regional science to analyze time/ space relationships and links it to market behavior. While the basic idea in the paper is well motivated, i.e., marketing should develop a theory of competition based on its own assumptions, the author needs to rework his analysis to convince the readers of the viability of his ideas. The chapter is provocative and represents a good start. The next chapter by Ingebrigtsen and Petterson is one of the few papers in the book that directly confronts the ideas of Cox. The authors begin by reviewing the famous 1948 paper by Alderson and Cox who, realizing that economic theory framework was inadequate for analyzing marketing phenomona, argued that marketing should create its own theoretical base, a valid criticism even today. The authors show that the views of Alderson and Cox on theory generation apply to the contemporary intellectual scene. They then proceed to examine how, in the eyes of Alderson and Cox, marketing knowledge could attain scientific status (not an urgent issue these days). At this stage the authors take us on a guided tour of the Copenhagen School and the relevance of the work of Alderson and Cox to the intellectual movement within their school. The paper begins with promise but is somewhat confusing toward the end. In the very last chapter of the book, Nason clearly makes a case for the study of marketing externalities as an integral part of the macromarketing scholarship. Examples of externalities are resource depletion, consumer dissatisfaction, discrimination, deception, health deterioration, etc. Using Klein's categorization of externalities, based on two types of effects (direct/indirect, foreseen/unforeseen), Nason identifies the key causal factors that create the externalities. Nason then goes on to suggest remedial measures and decision mechanisms which might be employed in dealing with the externalities. These measures include volun-


Cultured mouse myeloma cells were transfected with expression vectors encoding the aspartyl proteinase, human renin. The full construct, encoding the renin precursor prorenin, allows transfected cellsto secrete the enzymically inactive pro‐protein. Activity is detectable only following trypsin treatment which mimics the physiological activation step. Accordingly, it appears that myeloma cells do not contain detectable levels of an appropriate activating proteinase. However, when these cells are transfected with a construct from which the pro‐peptide coding sequence has been deleted, they secrete an apparently fully active enzyme which is indistinguishable from mature renin. We conclude that expression of the pro‐peptide is not necessary to allow correct folding of the molecule and its passage through the secretory pathway.


The associations between cointegration and the measurement of volatility and risk in traditional financial analysis literature are investigated and conferred empirical meanings under various market circumstances via the Granger representation theorem.


The aim of the present study was to develop a simple, accurate, precise, reproducible and economical UV spectrophotometric method for estimation of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CPX), Tinidazole (TNZ) and Dicyclomine hydrochloride (DIC) in combined tablet formulation. The method of absorbance corrected for interference was employed for quantitative estimation of DIC where as simultaneous equation method was used for estimation of CPX and TNZ. The UV absorbances were determined at 280 nm (λmax of CPX), 311 nm (λmax of TNZ) and 215 nm (λmax of DIC) respectively in methanol: 0.1N HCl (3:2). CPX and TNZ showed linearity at all the selected wavelengths, where as DIC showed zero absorbance at λmax of CPX and TNZ. The solutions of CPX, TNZ and DIC obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range of 2-10 μg/ml, 2-20 μg/ml and 100500 μg/ml respectively. The method was validated for parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, and limit of quantitation, limit of detection, ruggedness and robustness as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method showed good reproducibility and recovery and is thus recommended for routine analysis of fixed dose combination of these drugs in commercial tablet formulation.


We present a dynamic model for optimal investment d cisions in privately managed defined contribution (DC) pension plans. St ock prices are assumed to be driven by the geometric Brownian motion. Interes t rates are modelled by means of the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model (CIR). The mo del determines an optimal fraction of pensioner's savings (in time) to be inv ested in an equity fund, with the rest invested in a bond fund. Next, we present sens itivity analysis with respect to various relevant parameters. We also perform stress -t ting of optimal investment decisions under different equity return scenar ios. The entire analysis is carried out on the actual Slovak DC scheme and all model parameters are calibrated by the latest available data.


Muller's introduction in 1953 of ambulatory phlebectomy, although initially not appreciated nor readily accepted, revolutionized the surgical treatment of varicosities of the lower extremities forever. However, many years had to pass before this would be reality. This article follows the treatment of incompetent saphenofemoral and saphenopopliteal junctions. Ambulatory phlebectomy is an efficient, efficacious, cosmetically superior, appropriate, and cost-effective procedure for the treatment of the varicosities of the lower extremities. It is performed under local anesthesia in an office setting, with the patient returning home the same day. In many instances, the patient is able to return to work the day following the operation.


The analysis of modern car body panels straightening methods is carried out. There have been described both traditional and alternative methods of car body panels straightening. The urgency of magnetic pulse teсhnology dignment is grounded. The main advantages of magnetic pulse teсhno-logy of car body straightening are defernined.


"one belt and one road" focuses on interconnection and interconnection. In the era of "Internet +", the online silk road of global commerce is rising rapidly due to the development of cross-border electricity providers. The construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt was carried out under the background of computer-aided technology. The New Silk Road Economic Belt Constructs the Silk Road with Computer Aided Technology, which will help break the barriers between different countries, regions and groups. The Silk Road Economic Belt should be rebuilt with the mode of innovation and cooperation. With the help of the advantages of the Internet, a new era of Internet cooperation in the Silk Road Economic Belt will be opened.


The present invention lithium when used as the positive electrode active material of a battery, particularly a lithium secondary battery to improve the cycle characteristics of lithium-cobalt composite oxide powder of a lithium secondary battery positive electrode, which typically contains an advantageous manufacturing method, it its industrial It provides an active material and a lithium secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics for using the positive electrode active material. Of the present invention lithium cobalt composite oxide powder is Mg, Al, Zr, Ca and and containing a metal atom, at least one or more of 0.025 to 1.0% by weight is selected from Ti, a lithium compound, a cobalt compound, and the phosphate and phosphate of the metal It is characterized in that the mixture of a compound containing a metal atom selected from anti-inflammatory, and produced by firing the mixture. The lithium secondary battery, the positive electrode active material, lithium cobalt composite oxide, the cycle characteristics


The decomposition of 2-thenoyl peroxide in iodobenzene was carried out at 80C. In the presence of copper(II)chloride, iodopheny12-thenoates were produced. The isomer distribution and the partial rate factors suggested that the 2-thenoyloxylation reaction would proceed through the addition of a 2-thenoyloxy radical to an aromatic nucleus to give a cyclohexadienyl radical, fo11owed by rapid oxidation by copper(II)chloride. On the other hand, in the absence of copper(II)chloride the substitution of iodine by 2-thenoyloxy group took place to give phenyl 2-thenoate, which was not detected in the presence of copper(II)chloride. This substitution reaction is best explained on the assumption that the 2-thenoylexy group in the cyclohexadienyl radicals rearranges through an intramolecular migration of the carbonyl group to the carbon bearing an unpaired electron, and that phenyl 2-thenoate arises from a rearranged cyclohexadienyl radical with elimination of the iodine atom.


Thank you very much for reading bamboo stone the evolution of a chinese medical elite. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this bamboo stone the evolution of a chinese medical elite, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer.


This study aimed to investigate the factors related to indecisive attitudes toward noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) among nonpregnant women of reproductive age.


Dynamic behavior of smooth hysteretic systems subjected to harmonic excitation is analyzed. Wen's differential equation model for hysteresis, which can be applied to a large class of hysteretic systems, is used. A piecewise power series expression is derived from Wen's model assuming primary resonance and weak hysteresis. First and second order averaging methods are applied to the equation of motion with piecewise power series terms. Resonance curves obtained from the first and second order averaged equations are compared with the results of numerical simulations in order to examine the validity of the present analysis. It is also shown that chaotic behavior occurs in the hardening hysteretic system even when the excitation amplitude is not so large.


Malmo Kommunala Bostadsbolag Fastighets AB owns and administrates Ortagarden housing estate in Rosengard which is a characteristic million programme housing area. Ortagarden is densely populated which naturally creates an environment that is exposed to wear and tear. The area is today undergoing a change where new proposals and strategies are to be designed for further development of the inner yards. MKB also wishes to develop the park area which is centrally situated in Ortagarden. The purpose of this study was to make an analysis of the development of Ortagardsparken from when it was planned and constructed up until the state it is in today. This was necessary in order to gain a deeper understanding of what has framed Ortagardsparken to be able to create and design a configuration proposal that can function as a foundation for future development of Ortagardsparken.

The million programme housing areas have been the target of criticism over the years. The million programme building epoch (1965-1974) was characterized by the need to facilitate the acute housing shortage and in this way increase the housing standard for many individuals. The intention was to create housing for the modern human being to live in which resulted in that the area was exploited to the utmost. The priority of the space in between the buildings was low which resulted in poor outdoor environments. In several of these areas, many improvements have been made on buildings as well as in the outdoor environment during the 1970s and 80s. Despite the fact that several mistakes were made during the million programme era, it still remains as a part of our history and represents a building epoch characterized by its historical and cultural values.

During this study the plan-drawings over Ortagarden have been carefully studied and interviews have been made with designers who have been involved with the planning of the million programme area during different decades. The purpose of this was to try to capture ideas and intentions which have framed Ortagardsparken. The development of the area has then been evaluated by updated knowledge of today where focus has been put on aspects that never before has occurred in the planning of Ortagarden such as safety and lighting design. The choice of aspects was done partly out of the idea that they should contribute to improve the social and recreational values of the park. These aspects have a great importance since they connect to new knowledge that has appeared and also new research that is considered important. The aspects reflect and are examples of what an outdoor environment demands in order to function in the social situation of today. Focus has also been put to aspects that have occurred in the planning of the area such as play environment and identity, for example the choice of ground material and plant material, in order to connect this to recent knowledge to find out the factor of sustainability for the future. The result showed that despite many mistakes in the area, there are original design principles and ideals which can be valuable to utilize and recreate in the future. By reconnecting to these values of design which will function as a foundation for the future development of the park, the entirety that existed between the buildings and the outdoor space from the beginning of the million programme era can again be achieved. The result also showed that the many ideas for outdoor improvements have not completely and successfully been utilized, however many advantages and good intentions have been accomplished which will be significant to future usage and design.


We perform quantum logic spectroscopy (QLS) on $^{27}$Al$^+$ ion $^1$S$_0$ - $^3$P$_1$ transition, which is an important step toward the QLS based $^{27}$Al$^+$ ion optical clock. As a precondition of QLS, both the stretch (STR) mode and the common (COM) mode of the $^{27}$Al$^+$ and $^{25}$Mg$^+$ ions pair are cooled to the vibrational ground state by Raman sideband cooling. The mean phonon number is measured to be 0.10(1) for the STR mode and 0.01(1) for the COM mode, respectively. The heating rate is evaluated to be 13(3) phonons/s for the STR mode and 5.5(1) phonons/s for the COM mode.


The Tabla is one of the most sophisticated percussion instruments extensively used in many Asian countries. Scientists say that it is almost impossible to model due to its complicated physical structure. This paper proposes a method to incorporate recorded tabla sound to the MIDI standard so that it can be used like other midi instrument. We have also developed a public web interface to synthesize instrumental music from transcription. We have then added tabla to the music to get a complete performance. The synthesized music is rhythmically perfect and sounds natural having a Mean Opinion Score (MOS) of 4.5 [with a scale from 1 (poor) to 5 (good)] of 4.


A large class of Type II fluid solutions to Einstein field equations in N-dimensional spherical spacetimes is found, wich includes most of the known solutions. A family of the generalized collapsing Vaidya solutions with homothetic self-similarity, parametrized by a constant λ, is studied, and found that when λ>λc(N), the collapse always forms black holes, and when λ<λc(N), it always forms naked singularities, where λc(N) is function of the spacetime dimension N only.


Considering the different response to drugs of males and females, males and females should be tested and treated with drugs differently. Since the drugs influence the material body, the transgenders must be treated according to the type of material body they have. However, in the case of alternative medicine the situation is different. Homeopathic remedies and acupuncture heal through waves – the waves of our nonlinear electromagnetic field (NEMF), which rules and regulates everything in the body from the Subconscious and is different in males and females. Thus, alternative medicine influences the regulating mechanisms, which are gender specific, through the waves of the gender-specific NEMF (called Spirit). Since alternative medicine heals through the waves of the gender specific NEMF, when the transgenders are female Spirit in a male body, they should be treated with alternative medicine according to their Spirit, i.e. as females. The transgenders with male Spirit in their female bodies should be treated with alternative medicine according to their male Spirit (NEMF), i.e. as males. This is so because alternative medicine influences the regulating mechanisms, which the Quantum Computer in the Subconscious handle, and this Quantum Computer operates with the waves of the male or female


Since the early 1970s, neuroscientists recognized that it was possible for patients to re-regulate brain wave activity. Much of this early work focused on helping persons with epilepsy control their seizures and was later extended toward helping children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with concentration. This brainwave training is called quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) biofeedback or neurofeedback. Today, there is increasing scientific evidence that neurofeedback training can help address a variety of cognitive and behavioral issues in children and adults; particularly in the area of ADHD. In addition, neurofeedback is being employed in the treatment of those persons with alcohol and drug dependency, anxiety disorders, traumatic brain injury, chronic pain, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. Further, there appears to be a growing public awareness and support of this technology. This article explores the history of QEEG, reviews the biological basis for neurofeedback training, identifies how this technology appears to help clients with a variety of psychological and physiological disorders, and offers a critique concerning the state-of-research regarding neurofeedback efficacy. Strategies on the part of health educators to responsibly engage emergent developments in the field of neurofeedback are offered. Language: en


Both in histologically proven (N = 3) and clinically diagnosed (N = 3) definite (peri)myocarditis in children, as well as in probable (N = 6) and possible inflammatory perimyocardial disease (N = 31), antibodies directed against the sarcolemma and myolemma (AMLAs) were demonstrated. In the acute phase AMLAs of the IgM class and complement fixation prevailed in the serum and the biopsy specimens. Complement dependent cytolysis by the patients' sera in the acute phase may simulate in vitro what could also be operative in vivo: a secondary immunopathogenesis due to cytolytic antimembrane antibodies.


This Congressional testimony by Leonard Burman examines how the plans put forth by the President's Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform would affect small businesses, focusing particularly on the effect of: adopting a national retail sales tax on small business and the viability of federal and state tax systems; the effect on small business health insurance and retirement coverage; the effect of disallowing state and local tax deductions for businesses; and the effect of certain simplification proposals.


The gasification technology is now considered to be in an advanced stage of development. Hence there is huge expectation from the user industry for its application. Gasification is a process that converts carbonaceous materials, such as coal, petroleum, or biomass, into carbon monoxide and hydrogen by reacting the raw material at high temperatures with a controlled amount of oxygen. The resulting gas mixture is called synthesis gas or syngas and is itself a fuel. Gasification is a very efficient method for extracting energy from many different types of organic materials, and also has applications as a clean waste disposal technique. The biomass gasifier, using wood chips as fuel, has a dry producer gas consisting of H2 (up to 45 vol%), CO (up to 30 vol%), CO2 (up to 20 vol%), CH4 (8-12 vol%) and N2 (1-2 vol%). This gas composition makes the producer gas highly suitable as fuel for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). However, the gas has a relatively high particle loading (up to 60 g/Nm³) and a tar content of up to 2 g/Nm³. In addition, it has been reported that the dry producer gas contains 100-200 ppmv H2S and 500-1000 ppmv NH3. Due to otherwise expected diesel engine performance degradation, the particles have to be removed before entering the Biomass Gasifier-Diesel engine setup. The advantage of gasification is that using the syngas is more efficient than direct combustion of the original fuel; more of the energy contained in the fuel is extracted. Syngas may be burned directly in internal combustion engines, used to produce methanol and hydrogen, or converted via the FischerTropsch process into synthetic fuel. Gasification can also begin with materials that are not otherwise useful fuels, such as biomass or organic waste. In addition, the high-temperature combustion refines out corrosive ash elements such as chloride and potassium, allowing clean gas production from otherwise problematic fuels. The objective of the present work was to estimate saving in energy by reducing the moisture content in biomass. The reduction in moisture content increases the fuel value of biomass. This work relates to the analysis and the evaluation of the performance of Biomass Gasifier-Diesel engine setup with focus on moisture content in biomass and its effects on various parameters under typical operating conditions. The aim of this paper is focused on evaluation of performance parameters for biomass gasifier-diesel engine setup using woody biomass (Subabool). For the purpose, downdraft gasifier of %KW capacity was used that was coupled to 10 hp single cylinder diesel engine.


The theory and computing method of testing condenser thermal performance are introduced.The amendment method to condenser pressure and temperature difference is proposed.In view of condenser reconstruction on 300MW unit at a certain power plant,Examples of performance test after reconstruction by this computing method are presented.The computation and analysis shows that reconstructed condenser performance satisfy design guarantee value.


Objective To investigate the effect of TACE in combination with RFA in treatment of large hepatoma.Methods Fifty-eight patients with large hepatoma treated in our hospital were di- vided into the single RFA group (n=18),single TACE group (n=21) and TACE+RFA group (n= 19) according to receiving or not receiving TACE and RFA.In the TACE+RFA group,the patients underwent RFA 7-10 d after TACE.All the patients were followed up for at least 3 years.Results The 1-,2- and 3-year survival rates were significantly higher in the TACE+RFA group than in other 2 groups (P0.01).Conclusion TACE in combination with RFA is a good method for treat- ment of large hepatoma.


There exist many imaging techniques and systems to reproduce atrial chambers in 3D. These technologies include electroanatomical (EA) mapping systems, noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) scans. In the case of atrial fibrillation (AF), the most employed non-pharmacological treatment is catheter ablation to electrically isolate the pulmonary veins from the rest of the left atrium. Driver mechanisms such as focal or rotational activity have been proposed as possible initiating and maintaining mechanisms of AF. However, correspondence and validation of these sites when several systems are employed in the same patient remains a challenge, as they are mostly manually aligned based on visual inspection.

 To develop an automatic 3D alignment algorithm for cardiac 3D meshes to colocalize points between atrial maps generated with multiple EA mapping systems, ECGI, MRI, or CT scans.

 A total of 25 left atrial meshes from persistent AF patients were exported from an EA mapping system. The total number of vertices for all the meshes was 2545444 points (101817.8±13593.3 points per map). A reference mesh was employed with minor modifications [1]. All meshes were manually segmented into 12 different left atrial regions, see Table for the region names. The method implements a non-rigid variant of the iterative closest point algorithm to transform the atrial mesh onto the reference one, see Figure. The geographical distance between the mean position of the 12 different segmented reference areas and the 12 transformed points was employed as the performance metric.

 The global error for all the fiducial points in all left atrial meshes was 11.57±2.55 mm. The average local errors for the 12 atrial areas are summarized in the Table. The best three aligned areas were the RSPV, atrial septum, and lateral wall. The areas with less alignment accuracy were the LAA, LSPV, and atrial roof.

 The algorithm provides a promising solution to evaluate and validate site-related results from different systems, e.g., rotational activity presence between EA mapping and ECGI systems. The method works automatically for any given chamber anatomy or any number of points. No prior segmentation is needed since the transformation and co-localization are applied to the raw chamber mesh. Further analysis with a larger mesh database is needed.

 Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaciόn y Universidades


Stimulation of vagus nerve by means of internal implants is increasingly being used nowadays in the treatment of patients with epilepsy and several other diseases of the central nervous system. However, when necessity arises to examine a patient implanted with vagus nerve stimulator in a magnetic-resonance machine, radiologists face a number of issues concerning safety of the patient as well as of the neurostimulating device. Present article summarizes specific conditions of magnetic-resonance imaging in patients with vagus nerve stimulating system, and also illustrates clinical observations carried out by the authors.


The important meaning of the construction of an economical -type mode of health economy management is expounded, and the measure and principle of it should be taken and followed. This management mode can relieve the social problem of "high expense and difficulties in medicine".


This paper analyzed the characteristics of environmental flow in plain river network areas.By using dynamic weight,a calculation method under different water quality and quantity combinations was designed.The environmental flow data of Songpu Bridge on Huangpu River were used to assess the environmental flow situation in Shanghai area.This research might provide a new way to understand,describe and calculate environmental flow guided by multifunction of river management.


state through a series of Monospecialist Committees, the constituent bodies being the national medical organisations representing specialists. There are now 21 Monospecialist Committees with two members from each country, the appointments to these committees being made in this country by the British Medical Association as the recognised national organisation, though the nominations are received from the appropriate College or Faculty. These Monospecialist Committees give advice on specialist training and the recommendations of the committees are co-ordinated by the Council of Direction of the UEMS which includes two members from each country, the British representatives being appointed by the BMA, one on the nomination of the Central Committee for Hospital Medical Services (CCHMS) and the other on the nomination of the Joint Consultants Committee (JCC). The interests of general practitioners are represented through the Union Europeenne des Medecins Omnipractiens (UEMO). Recommendations from both the UEMS and the UEMO are passed on to the Standing Committee of Doctors of the EEC, which represents all doctors in the Community. Membership of this committee comprises the national medical associations of each member country. It holds a Plenary Assembly with national delegations that may include a maximum of six delegates, six alternates and six advisers from each country, and the committee also has a number of special


Episodic memories are the conscious recollections of our lived experiences with all their contextual richness. These longterm memory traces do not exist for all our experiences, and it is unclear what determines which ones are stored and what events are lost to us. The neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine play important neuromodulatory roles, marking salient or rewarding experiences, but exactly how they influence memory storage is not known. This week, Hauser et al. show in humans that an arousal-related memory boost depended on signaling by norepinephrine, whereas dopamine was required for a memory selectivity bias. Subjects were tasked with rating the readability of common words presented in uncommon text fonts; they were not told to remember them. Twenty minutes later, subjects were shown previously presented words mixed with novel words and asked whether they had seen each word before. In addition, one-quarter of the words presented in the initial phase were randomly paired with a £0.50 reward, making them particularly arousing. Some nonrewarded words were presented for the second time in a different font than the first time, resulting in poorer recall performance as a result of memory selectivity bias. Before testing, subjects received an oral dose of placebo, a -adrenergic receptor antagonist to block noradrenergic signaling, or a D3 /D4 dopamine receptor antagonist. Subjects receiving placebo or the -adrenergic receptor antagonist had worse recall when words were presented in a different font, but this memory selectivity bias was not detected in people receiving the dopamine receptor antagonist, indicating a role for dopamine but not norepinephrine signaling. Subjects did not differ in their overall performance on the tasks. The researchers also measured pupil size in subjects, which they used as a measure of arousal. All subjects had larger pupil dilation following rewarded compared with nonrewarded words. Subjects given placebo or dopamine receptor antagonist showed an arousal-mediated memory boost in that their recall was better for rewarded words, but those receiving the -adrenergic receptor blocker did not, demonstrating that norepinephrine was required for this effect. No subjects performed above chance when asked to express which words were rewarded or unrewarded. These results delineate more specific roles for these important neuromodulators in making episodic memories.


This paper examines debates that occur in the course of Muslim women's rights advocacy in Java, Indonesia, to provide critical ethnographic insights into the ways that gender issues and notions of family are implicated in political consciousness about nationhood, religious identity, boundaries, and governance. Javanese Muslim women's rights activists focus on the historical contextualization of religious doctrine to argue against what they see as misguided interpretations of Islam that threaten to control women. This paper examines these efforts through a close reading of the discursive shifts and arguments that take place in the context of programs designed to promote women's rights in Islamic education in Java. It argues that the challenge for women's rights activists and intellectuals is to locate the ways that moderate or normative social and religious values can combine during times of change or crisis to reinforce a moral hierarchy of gender relations and an "idea of woman" in an attempt to control such change. The paper demonstrates that in Java, a moral hierarchy of gender relations, mimetically extended from family to nation, dovetails with religious interpretations to resolve anxieties about social change and security through the control of women.


Abstract This study aims to provide an initial prediction on the effects of an aerodynamic package in affecting the performance on Taylor's Formula SAE race car. A downforce of 90.830 N and drag of 186.018 N for the simplified Taylor's Racing Team TR 16 race car was identified through a 3D CFD simulation using the Reynold's Averaged NavierStokes k-, model at a velocity of 17.88 m/s. The lift-drag ratio of the car was calculated and the corresponding lap time recorded for the four dynamic events in the Formula SAE competition was taken as the benchmark. The lift-to-drag ratio of 0.488 for the TR 16 race car indicated that the race car is aerodynamically efficient which contributes to a slower lap time and higher fuel consumption. The diffuser was analyzed and a 3D CFD simulation concluded that at an inlet angle of 3: and outlet angle of 22:, the highest downforce of 253.628 N and drag of 49.651 N was recorded. The results were input to the lap time simulator and it recorded the fastest lap time as compared to the other configurations. The two element front wing with configuration of pitch of 13: for the main element and pitch of 30: for the flap recorded the highest downforce of 131.165 N and drag of 37.504 N. The results were input to the lap time simulator and configuration mentioned above recorded the fastest lap time. Both the diffuser and front wing produced a downforce higher than the race car as well as a higher lift-to-drag ratio of 5.108 and 3.497 respectively as compared to 0.488 for the TR 16 race car. Consequently, by manipulating only the downforce and lift-to-drag ratio produced, the lap time recorded by the diffuser and two-element front wing was faster than the car with no aerodynamic package. This proves the initial prediction that adding an aerodynamic package to the TR 16 race car will enhance its performance.


In this paper, an combined evaluation process to evaluate the value of substation was proposed. Firstly, a substation function index system was established with consideration of the function structure and features of substation. Secondly, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and entropy method were separately used to calculate the subjective and objective weights of the function indexes. Thirdly, the sum of squares of deviations method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method were used to get the function indexes' combined weights. At last, the evaluation model was formed by function index compared with the cost index. The substation design data were used to test the evaluation model, the results showed it was feasible.


Studies conducted in connection with the Department of Energy (DOE) Generation IV (Gen-IV) and Advanced Fuel Cycle (AFC) programs show that the transuranic nuclides can strongly influence the neutronic behavior of some advanced nuclear energy systems of interest. Essentially all integral nuclear parameters computed using modern reactor physics codes and data libraries are affected by propagation of uncertainty in the underlying nuclear data used in the computational models. These parameters include: Criticality (multiplication factor) Reactivity feedback coefficients (e.g., Doppler, Coolant Void) Kinetics parameters (e.g., Effective Delayed Neutron Fraction) Reactivity loss during irradiation (Burnup Swing) Peak power value Conversion ratio of sustainable cores Transmutation potential of burner cores Max dpa, maximum helium- and hydrogen-production, etc. Decay heat, radiotoxicity, and neutron and gamma radiation levels However, the necessary cross section information may be unavailable with the required accuracy from the current nuclear databases for some key nuclides of interest. As a specific example, recent sensitivity analyses for the Very High Temperature Gen-IV reactor concept (Taiwo et al, 2005a, Salvatores et al., 2005, Taiwo et al, 2005b), which features a somewhat harder thermal neutron spectrum and a significantly higher fuel burnup target than is the case for standard light-water reactors, show a potentialmore » need for improved cross sections for some isotopes, including 238U, 239Pu, 240Pu, 41Pu, and 243Am, primarily in the resonance energy range, in order to satisfy the defined accuracy requirements on key computed integral parameters. Other transuranic nuclides may be of similar importance for some of the other Gen-IV concepts, although the primary needs appear to be currently focused around a few plutonium and americium isotopes. The target accuracies identified in these studies are very stringent and will be a challenge to achieve in many cases. In this article we briefly review the conclusions and recommendations of recent international workshops on nuclear data needs for Gen-IV. Following this is a discussion of two specific activities undertaken by the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to participate in the international effort to address these needs.« less


In recent years, the increasing gap between available funding and preservation needs influences district pavement engineers to select and prioritize projects for the effective use of funding. However, the current practice of project selection is often made after an informal assessment, based on local conditions and local district engineers' experience, in the absence of a statewide systematic process. The primary objective of this study is to determine network-level project sections for effective sustainable pavement management using logistic regression analysis. A huge volume of inventory data documented from pavement management information systems (PMIS) was used to develop the logistic regression (LR) model for selecting candidate sections. The LR model was subsequently validated using a single 50-50 split sample method. The findings of this study will assist the Austin district in selecting and evaluating candidate projects. Furthermore, the study will ultimately contribute to efficiency improvement in project selection and prioritization by reducing not only the amount of time necessary to review the District PMIS data to identify project candidates, but also the potential for human error.


In this study, two Concrete Block (CB) infilled reinforced concrete frames which had been experimentally investigated before [Nakano et al., 2004] are numerically simulated to develop preand post-earthquake seismic evaluation method. In these simulations, full scale, one bay, single story specimens having different axial loads in columns are analyzed under cyclic and push-over loading. Then, the contribution of Unreinforced Masonry (URM) walls to overall behavior is examined. Parameters including stiffness, ductility, strength, crack patterns and widths in walls and frames which may be of great significance in terms of post-event assessment are also studied. In this paper, the relationship between observed damage and seismic performance mainly focusing on crack width in URM walls is discussed by means of smeared crack, homogenized, isotropic modeling.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate sorption, desorption, and immobilization of Pb in the clay and calcareous loamy sand soils treated with inorganic ligands (NO3−, Cl− and H2PO4−). Pb sorption was also determined in the presence of oxalate and citrate. The maximum Pb sorption capacities (q) ranged from 42.2 to 47.1 mmol kg−1 for the clay soil, and from 45.2 to 47.0 mmol kg−1 for loamy sand soil. It was observed that the binding energy constant (k) for Pb sorbed onto loamy sand soil (528–1061) is higher than that for clay soil (24.38–55.29). The loamy sand soil-sorbed greater quantities of Pb compared to the clay soil when initial pH was ≥ 3. However, it had lower sorption capacity at the lowest initial pH of 2. Additionally, the greatest Pb sorption and immobilization occurred in the soil treated with H2PO4. In the clay soil, the sorption of Pb was depressed at 0.1 mol kg−1 of Cl−, as compared with other ligands. Concerning organic acids, citrate ligand showed the highest decrease in Pb sorption. It could be concluded that the nature of Pb sorption can depend on the type and quantity of ligands present, as well as the soil type.


The chromosomal localization of the human gene coding for connexin 32 (GJB1) was determined by in situ suppression hybridization (ISSH). The results allowed assignment of the gene to band Xq13, thus refining previous localization data obtained by means of somatic cell hybrid analysis.


Delay is one of the most common, complex and risky phenomena that adversely affects performance of construction projects. Several studies have been conducted on delay factors identification, some focused on road infrastructures, others on buildings


Clustering in wireless sensor networks is one of the crucial methods for increasing of network lifetime. There are many algorithms for clustering. One of the important cluster based algorithm in wireless sensor networks is LEACH algorithm. In this paper we proposed a new clustering method for increasing of network lifetime. We distribute several sensors with a high-energy for managing the cluster head and to decrease their responsibilities in network. The performance of the proposed algorithm via computer simulation was evaluated and compared with other clustering algorithms. The simulation results show the high performance of the proposed clustering algorithm.


In new collaborative multimedia applications, there is a need for overall control, beyond the level of quality of service (QoS) as pertaining to individual streams in isolation of others. At every instant in time, the quality of the session, as perceived by the end user, depends on the priorities of the on-going streams, according to the application semantics, as well as on the actual QoS offered by the system to each of these streams. We introduce the concept of "Quality of Session" control. This is achieved by employing a monitoring mechanism for measuring the perceived QoS of each stream. In addition, in order to react to existing or potential bottlenecks in the network or end-systems, or skewness in the synchronization of views, an inter-stream adaptation mechanism is applied.


In a talk given May 2, 1958, as Director of the Ford Foundation Study of Business Education, at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Collegiate Schools of Business, Professor R. A. Gordon (Professor of Economics, University of California at Berkeley) stated that it is hard to think of any other form of professional training "which has to contend with as much heterogeneity in occupation and career as does business education.''1 One of the ways in which business men may differ is in regard to the functions they perform. Since, by and large, business firms are engaged in buying and selling, we may, on special occasions, focus on the international dimension of buying and selling. And as regards international business transactions, the necessity of studying the legal environment in which such business transactions take place should be obvious. And here is where the heterogeneity of our profession may find expression through a discussion of the comparison of two legal systems which seem mutually remote. For us who are also members of the legal profession-besides being engaged in training the business managers of tomorrow-this discussion should further serve to illustrate how the horizons of law are, by necessity, gradually widening. Members of the legal profession are increasingly being called upon to advise business men who are engaged in international trade or finance.2 This requires, by necessity, that "business lawyers" acquire an understanding-at least an awareness-of other legal systems. This goal can best be achieved by undertaking comparative studies. In an address which lord Macmillan delivered at the International Congress of Comparative law, at The Hague, The Netherlands, in August, 1932 (28 years ago), on the topic of "Scots law as a Subject of Comparative Study''S he quoted the statement of that illustrious Scottish lawyer, Viscount Stair, in his famous work "The Institutions of the law of Scotland:" "No man can be a knowing lawyer in any nation who hath not well pondered and digested in his mind the common law of the world." This quotation seems to be apropos in dealing with our topic of today, in view of Viscount Stair's formulation of