Sustainable approaches to the construction and widening of roads and highways are essential to offset negative influences on aquatic habitat and fish passage in the fragile ecosystem of the Himalayan Mountains in northern India. Evidence is growing that the expanding, poorly designed network of roads and trails in mountain areas, without giving due considerations to natural processes such as geological processes and climatic severity, such as heavy monsoon precipitation, is a major cause of habitat fragmentation and degradation of both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. These effects have been quantified for aquatic primary producers (periphyton), aquatic benthic insects, and Snow Trout, a Himalayan teleost (Schizothorax richardsonii, Gray; Schizothoraichthys progastus, McClelland) that dwells in the upper Ganges River, following Indian National Highway 58 (NH-58) in the mountain region of Garhwal Himalaya, India (latitude 29 degree 61 minutes -30 degree 28 minutes N; longitude 77 degree 49 minutes -80 degree 6 minutes E). Indian Highway 58 is one of the most important highways, is 300-km long, and passes along the Alaknanda River (230 km), which is one of the parent streams of the Ganges (70 km) in the fragile mountain ecosystem of Garhwal Himalaya of northern India. Keeping in mind the heavy traffic on the highway, a RS 450 million (US $100 million) widening project was launched in 2001. The widening of Highway 58 through massive cutting of mountain slopes, the disposal of tons of the cut material downhill into the waterways in an uncontrolled manner, and the improper water management of the slopes has resulted in intensive accumulation of soil and woody debris into the aquatic ecosystem from accelerated erosion, gulling, and landslides, resulting in drastic changes in the physico-chemical and biological profile of the aquatic habitat. Detrimental effects on transparency, current velocity, conductivity, bottom-substrate composition, dissolved oxygen, periphytonic production, and the production of benthic insect communities have been documented. Feeding, spawning, and the passage of the Snow Trout cold-water fish have been degraded or destroyed. Subsequent to the widening of Highway 58, the annual gross primary production (Pg) of periphyton declined from 8771 g C m-3yr-1(96.48 k. cal m-3yr-1) to a value of 5952 g C m-3yr-1 (65.47 k cal m-3yr-1), a 32-percent decrease in aquatic habitat. The maximum biomass (standing crop) of aquatic insects declined from a mean monthly biomass of 4.926 g m-2 (February) to 1.848 g m-2, a 62-percent decrease, and a minimum monthly mean biomass of 0.408 g m-2 (August) to 0.126 g m-2, a 69-percent decrease. Subsequent to widening of the highway, the standing crop estimate of Snow Trout declined from a maximum mean monthly biomass of 2.955 g m-2 (February) to 1.201 g m-2, a 59-percent decrease, and a minimum monthly mean biomass (August) of 0.244 g m-2 to 0.082 g m-2, a 66-percent decrease. Annual productivity of Snow Trout declined from 1.309 g m-2 to 0.448 g m-2, a 66-percent decrease. This decline is believed to have been caused by increased turbidity accompanied by a decline in depth and dissolved oxygen, accumulation of fine silt and suspended solids, a decrease in primary productivity, a decrease in general benthic-aquatic insects productivity, depletion of the food supply, and loss of cover. We have recommended the following measures to restore habitat quality and connectivity of Snow Trout: • Stream restoration and stream bank stabilization using these structures: - Toe walls - Retaining walls - Stone layers - Stone arches - Terraces • Bioengineering methods by - Planting fast-growing plant species in combination with wire netting, gravel mining, and dredging in the impacted sites - Protecting riparian vegetation - Monitoring of water quality - Enhancement of fish food reserves - Sustainable approaches to road construction and widening - Proper drainage of water-saturated mountain slopes and spring runoff during monsoon season (July-August) - Sealing of side drains against underground water penetration alongside endangered sections of the highway - Construction of check dams for protection of steep gullies and side erosion of the river bed We also recommend establishment of a strong partnership among experienced, expert • Geologists • Civil engineers • Structural engineers • Environmental biologists


Abstract Transmission electron microscopy studies of domain morphology in 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 single crystals reveal complex arrangements of a variety of domains. In addition to mesoscopic domains, there are those that consist of two mutually perpendicular parallel tweeds whose widths are less than 10 nm. The parallel tweeds are separated by shear strain. The superposition of two perpendicular displacements produces the various domain configurations that include sharp tips, right-angle corners and S-shaped domain walls. It appears that the competing rhombohedral and cubic phases result in asymmetrical domains. The transformation from cubic to rhombohedral phase creates a morphotropic phase-boundary material with specific ferroelectric properties. An improper martensitic phase transformation model may be used to explain the observed domain configurations.


The lipodystrophies represent a class of diseases characterized by leptin deficiency. Leptin deficiency is associated with a severe form of the metabolic syndrome characterized by dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and ovarian dysfunction. Metreleptin is the pharmaceutical derived product that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat the severe metabolic abnormalities of the generalized forms of lipodystrophy. Herein we describe the properties of metreleptin, its use in patients, which includes the administration of the drug and how it may be acquired by medical professionals as well as its safety, tolerability, and properties. Finally, we speculate on future uses and development of metreleptin.


The invention relates to a combination of glass fiber infiltration agent, which comprises a film forming agent, a coupling agent and other promoters. The film forming agent is unsaturated and polyester type, and the unsaturated polyester is made into emulsion by emulsification, wherein, the unsaturated polyester is made from carboxyl sulfonate, polyol and polybasic acid by catalysis; the catalyst is titanate esters agent; the preparation technique includes the steps: 1 to 10 weight portions of carboxyl sulfonate and 50 to 150 weight portions of polyol react under the temperature of 150 to 200 DEG C; after being cooled, the obtained material is added with 40 to 95 weight portions of polybasic and titanate esters catalyst that is 0.05 to 1 percent of the mass of the film forming agent to react under the temperature of 160 to 230 DEG C; then the obtained material are cooled, crushed and made into emulsion; at last the emulsion is mixed with the coupling agent and other promoters to produce the infiltration agent. The invention has the advantages that: the unsaturated polyester emulsion is adopted as matrix and the sulfonate monomers with hydrophilicity is used for preparing the film forming agent, so the film forming agent has self-emulsifying function and can be dissolved in solution more easily; in addition, the titanate esters is employed as catalyst, which avoids the occurrence of polyester gel and better protects of glass fiber.


Urdu Abstract: اسلامی مہینوں، بالخصوص رمضان، شوال اور ذوالحجہ کے آغاز پر اختلاف کی فضا پیدا ہوجاتی ہے اور سرکاری و غیرسرکاری کمیٹیوں کی جانب سے اعلانات ہوتے ہیں جن کی وجہ سے عامۃ الناس میں بہت بے چینی پھیل جاتی ہے ۔ اس مقالے میں فقہی مواد کا تفصیلی جائزہ لینے کے بعد دکھایا گیا ہے کہ جہاں مسلمانوں کی حکومت ہو وہاں سرکاری طور پر مجاز ادارہ ہی رویت ہلال کا فیصلہ کرسکتا ہے۔ البتہ جہاں مسلمانوں کی حکومت نہ ہو، وہاں کے مسلمان اپنے قابل اعتماد علما کے فتوی پت رمضان وعید کا فیصلہ کرسکتے ہیں ۔ English Abstract: Differing verdicts regarding the sighting of crescent (ru'yat-i hilal) and beginning of the months of Islamic calendar, especially that of the months of Ramadan, Shawwal and Dhi'l-Hijjah, by the official and various private crescent sighting committees, have been creating enormous distress year after year causing dispute and dissention among Muslims. The severity of the issue multiplies especially when the issue lingers on within the jurisdiction of one Islamic country. Digging into the corpus of the Hadith literature and the rich scholarship in Hadith, Usul and Fiqh studies both classical and modern, this article attempts to look into various dimensions of the matter from a Shri'ah perspective. The article concludes that in the absence of a Muslim government in an area Muslims are obliged to follow the decisions of a private crescent sighting (ru'yat-i hilal) committee comprising of trustworthy scholars ('ulama'). On the other hand, in the presence of a Muslim government the responsibility to collect and sift the witnesses regarding crescent sighting (ru'yat-i hilal) and the authority to decide in its light the beginning and the end of the Islamic months solely lies with the ruler (Imam) or his appointed committee. Hence, after the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, a body of seasoned scholars ('ulama') representing all schools of thought unanimously and voluntarily declared that Muslims living within the jurisdiction of Pakistan are bound by the decisions of the Official Crescent Sighting (ru'yat-i hilal) Committees. The decisions of private committees of religious scholars ('ulama'), in this regard, have no legal authority whatsoever.


Strand space model, an excellent formal analysis method, is still not effective enough when it is used to analyze ad hoc routing protocols. Counterexamples cannot be deduced directly if a protocol is proved insecure by strand space model. Based on backward reasoning and strand space model, an attack analysis method is proposed to find all possible attacks that cause nonexistent routes to be accepted. To begin with, a nonexistent route is assumed to be accepted by a routing protocol. Then, to decrease the complexity of analysis, an adversarial node abstraction process is carried out to make all the intermediate nodes in the nonexistent route turn into normal nodes. Furthermore, a combined analysis of strand space model and cross-route attack is carried on the route reply phase of the routing protocol. Finally, all possible attacks that lead to the nonexistent route can be deduced after combined analyzing of the route request phase. Then, we take endairA—a classic secure routing protocol in ad hoc networks—as an example to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the new method. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


It has been shown previously, that the spatial thermal variation of a thermal medium can be recast as a variation in the Euclidean metric. It is now extended to temporal variations in temperature, for a non-relativistic thermal bath, which remains in local thermal equilibrium. This is achieved by examining the thermal field theory in a five-dimensional (5D) space–time–temperature. The bulk thermodynamic quantity, namely the energy density, is calculated for a neutral scalar field with a time-dependent Hamiltonian. Furthermore, the concept of recasting thermal variations as a variation in the metric is extended to thermal systems in a gravitational field. The Einstein field equations, in the 5D space–time–temperature, is determined. It is shown that, if the scalar Lagrangian is non-minimally coupled with gravity, the resulting Ricci scalar can lead to spontaneous symmetry breaking, leading to the Higgs mechanism. In essence, the asymmetry in the distribution of temperature in space–time can translate to spontaneous symmetry breaking of particle fields, in a very strong gravitational field.


Nanogratings produced in the irradiated region of femtosecond laser processed glass are shown to consist of nanoplans of mesoporous glass layers. Nanopore formation is due to glass decomposition leading to the generation of molecular oxygen.


The paper presents the experimental results obtained with a speed-sensorless FOC of an induction motor (IM) supplied by a PWM-Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The speed tuning signal is estimated with a model reference adaptive system (MRAS) observer which uses the back e.m.fs quantities. Mamdani's fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) are used for the speed controller and also for the MRAS controller.


Sir Walter Murdoch's popularity among the Australian public as 'a household name' is discussed as owing to his 'conversations' with them through his newspaper essays and answers to readers' questions. His practical, steadfast opinions on the complacency of the Christian church, his political views, his opposition to war and promotion of education as the means for Australians to better themselves are presented.


Production potential of Heteropneustes fossilis monoculture were assessed at a stocking density of 74,100, 98,800 and 1,23,500 ha^(-1) in the treatment T1, T2 and T3 for a period of 240 days at private Brahmaputra Fish Seed Farm, Puliamary, Shambhugonj, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. At stocking, all fingerlings were of same age with a mean weight of H. fossilis 4.60±0.04 g. A commercial fish feeds, Saudi-Bangla were fed (32.21% crude protein) regularly. Fish production in treatment T1, T2 and T3 were 7276.08, 5135.16 and 4512.65 kg.ha^(-1).yr(superscript -2/3), respectively. Food conversion ratio was significantly lower in T1 (2.16±0.06) than T2 and T3. Relative growth (RG) was significantly higher in treatment T1 (14.93±0.82) than treatment T2 and T3. The mean differences of gross yield among different treatments were significant (P<0.05). The net benefit of treatment T1, T2 and T3 were 8,83,582, 5,50,072 and 2,06,867 Tk.ha^(-1).yr^(superscript -2/3), respectively. The mean differences of net benefit among different treatment were also significant (P<0.05). Despite the yield values, it is advocated that H. fossilis monoculture technology is the best technology in aquaculture to meet up the protein deficiency and socio-economic status of the general people of Bangladesh and extremely helpful towards the protection of H. fossilis from extinction as well as for its conservation.


Group theory is the mathematical tool to describe the symmetry. U(1)⊗SU(2)⊗SU(3) is the suitable description to the Standard Model (SM). Charge conjugation parity (CP) violation plays a privileged role in our quest for new physics beyond the electroweak Standard Model (SM). Supersymmetry (SUSY) is one of the most interesting candidates for physics beyond the SM. In supersymmetric extensions of the SM there are additional sources of CP violation. This Study analyzed the SM and supersymmetric contributions to CP-averaged branching fractions and the direct asymmetry of mesonic (B) decay processes within the framework of soft collinear effective theory.


In the software environment of LabVIEW there is created a hardware-software complex for determination of coordinates of the source of acoustic emission and counting the number of pulses. The use of the source of the Su-Nielsen for check the serviceability equipment of acoustic emission control is described.


Detailed study of 55 cores and over 200 well logs in the OSLO and Steep bank study areas has helped with the paleoenvironmental interpretaion of the three informal members within the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian to Albian) McMurray Formation. The lower member overlies the sub-Cretaceous unconformity and rests directly on Devonian limestones or on a regolith composed of calcareous clays and/or limestone breccias, found in paleotopographic lows on the unconformity. The lower member was deposited in the deep valleys on this surface, and is therefore, restricted in areal extent. This member is fluvial in origin, consisting of coarse-grained, trough cross-stratified sand filling the channels. There is also evidence of subaerial exposure, such as coals (near the top of the member), rooted horizons, and, in the Steep bank area, possible paleosols. Bioturbation is rare to absent in the lower McMurray. The middle member shows a more marine influence. It is dominated by trough cross stratified channel deposits and lateral accretion deposits (Inclined Heterolithic Stratification). The IHS deposits are interpreted as point bar deposits and the trace fossil assemblages help to pinpoint the middle McMurray as estuarine in origin. The trace fossil assemblage in the middle McMurray is typical of brackish water assemblages, that is: 1) low diversity; 2) high abundance of single forms; 3) small size of the burrows; 4) simple morphology; 5) infaunal animals are more abundant than epifaunal animals. The trace fossil present include Cylindrichnus, Gyrolithes, PlaJwlites, Palaeophycus, Arenicolites, Teichichnus, Skolithos, Ophiomorpha, Lockeia?, Bergaueria?, reburrowed Thalassinoides, and escape traces (fugichnia). The upper member of the McMurray


Simple Summary Vector-borne haemoparasites in small ruminants are widespread, although only scattered information is available on their occurrence. Haemoparasites occur in the genera Anaplasma, Babesia, Ehrlichia, Mycoplasma, Theileria and Trypanosoma, of which several species cause challenging and wasting conditions with severe impact on the small ruminant industry. However, the controls of these infections are challenging tasks, especially since several of the available medical drugs have negative environmental consequences. In addition, vectors may spread across the world to new geographical areas, especially related to climate change and increased globalization. These changes may have a profound impact on infection ecology and disease management. Integrated control strategies should be implemented, such as breed resistance against vectors and infections, and strategic vector and infection control. Abstract Haemoparasites include bacteria, mycoplasma, protozoa and flagellates inhabiting the bloodstream of living hosts. These infections occur worldwide and are transmitted by vectors, especially ticks and tsetse flies. Geographical distribution varies due to movements of animals and vectors between geographical areas, and even between countries and continents. These changes may be caused by climate change, directly and indirectly, and have a huge effect on the epidemiology of these microbes. Active and ongoing surveillance is necessary to obtain reliable maps concerning the distribution of these infections in order to do proper risk assessment and efficient prophylactic treatment. Genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Mycoplasma, Babesia, Theileria and Trypanosoma include common haemoparasite species in small ruminants causing a variety of clinical manifestations from high fatality rates to more subclinical infections, depending on the species or strain involved. These infections may also cause ill-thift or long-lasting wasting conditions. Life-long infections are a common feature of these pathogens. The present review will focus on haemoparasites in small ruminants, especially related to challenging and wasting infections.


This paper deals with characteristics of volume hologram recorded and reconstructed with random amplitude-phase encoded reference wave. The speckle-encoded reference wave was proposed as the method to modify selective properties of the hologram. In particular, it is demonstrated that volume holograms recorded with this type of reference beam are taking new selective features, such as the sensitivity of the diffracted beam intensity to spatial mismatch between the hologram and reconstructing beam in transversal and longitudinal direction. Moreover, the conditions can be set, when the hologram's angular selectivity is not due to violation of the Bragg conditions, but is a result of spatial angular de-correlation between recorded and reconstructing structures. The analysis is made on the applicability of these features of volume hologram for high density information storage.


Charge sensitive infrared phototransistors (CSIPs) are presented as single-photon detectors in the mid-infrared to Terahertz range, which have been developed based on the detection scheme of semiconductor quantum dot terahertz detectors. Their application to passive microscopy is also mentioned.


The Italian Society of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology has developed the project "ControL'Asma," a nationwide study involved ten third‐level pediatric allergy clinics across Italy. The first findings of the "ControL'Asma" project showed that asthma was more frequent in males, had an early onset and allergic phenotype with very frequent rhinitis comorbidity, uncontrolled, and partly controlled asthma affected about the half of subjects, and the assessment of asthma symptom perception by VAS could be a reliable tool in the asthma management.


Background: A study of different presentation and outcome of dengue fever in tertiary care centre . Methods:  the observational cross sectional study was carried out from June to October 2016 in Bowring and Lady Curzon hospital attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute. Included patients from 1 to 18 years of age who presented with febrile illness. WHO classification and definitions were used to classify disease as dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Clinically, haematological and biochemical findings were recorded till discharge. Results: during study period,142 patients presented with typical features of dengue fever, male being 86 (60%) and female being 56 (40%). Among 142 cases 64 cases were probable dengue, 50 cases were dengue with warning signs and 28 cases were had severe dengue. Fever (100%) was the most common clinical presentation followed by vomiting (70%), body ache (43%), abdominal pain (23%), headache (12%) and rashes (5%). Laboratory findings included thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and elevated liver enzymes. 126 (88%) cases were discharged in clinical stable conditions, (8%) were died during course of treatment and 8 cases left against medical advice. Conclusions:  fever with vomiting and thrombocytopenia were most common presentation of dengue fever, appropriate clinical diagnosis and management is relatively simple, inexpensive and very effective in saving lives as long as long correct and timely interventions instituted.


Abstract The association between play, leisure, recreation, value, and free choice leads to the problem of ethics. The purpose of this study was to describe the absolute ultimate end (the highest good) and its relation to play, leisure, and recreation in the twentieth century. This problem was approached by perusing literature from the period 1900 through 1983. Writers were organized by category and period, accompanied by explanation of how play, leisure, and recreation were related to the highest good. Eighty writers considered the question of the absolute ultimate end. Nine categories were discerned, dominated by divine ends and happiness. Play, leisure, and recreation were variously connected with the ultimate ends as both ends and means. Additionally, the practical implications of ethics are discussed using several examples. A partnership between science and philosophy is recommended for further study of ethics. Philosophy of leisure, however, must be revived for this alliance to


A new literature is emerging that describes psychic trauma in refugee children and adolescents. In the past decade a number of studies have addressed the traumatic experiences of adolescent refugees subjected to war famine and political struggles in Cambodia Vietnam Tibet and the countries of the former Yugoslavia; Baum and Davidson (1986) studied the effects of humanmade disasters on children and adolescents and found that these effects can be more psychologically devastating than those of natural disasters. Sack Seely and Clarke (1997) found that the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents subjected to war transcends barriers of culture and language. This chapter addresses the experience of adolescents and their families who left Cuba by sea with the goal of reaching the United States but who were intercepted by the U.S. Coast Guard and confined to refugee camps located outside the U.S. mainland. This chapter also describes the experiences of the clinicians who cared for the refugees and the political agendas that affected service delivery. (excerpt)


Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the extent to which menhaden fish meal protein (FMP) can be replaced by solvent-extracted soybean meal protein (SBP) in the diet of juvenile black sea bass Centropristis striata. Diets were formulated replacing FMP by SBP at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60% (experiment 1) and 0, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100% (experiment 2), with supplementation with squid meal, krill meal, and attractants in both experiments. Experiment 3 was designed to replace FMP by SBP at 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% without supplemental squid and krill meal and at 60% and 70% with supplemental methionine and lysine. Diets were fed twice daily to triplicate groups of fish (N = 15 per group) in 75-L tanks containing recirculating seawater. Fish were fed for 6, 10, and 8 weeks in experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No significant differences in body weight gain, feed efficiency, and survival were observed among treatments in experiment 1. In experiment 2, no significant differences in percen...


Proton groups from the B/sup 10/ (He/sup 3/,p)C/sup 12/ reaction leading to levels up to 16.2-Mev excitation were analyzed with a broad-range spectrograph. At a bombarding energy of 3.74-Mev spectra were taken at 11 angles from 5 to 139 degrees. Levels were found at excitation energies of 11.841 plus or minus 0.025, 12.713 plus or minus 0.006, 13.29 m 0.03, 14.083 plus or minus 13.3-, adn 14.1-Mev. Widths 35 plus or minus 6,320 plus or minus 30,245=30,430 plus or minus 100, and252of 15kev respectively. Widths of the other levels are less than 15 kev. No levels were found at excitations of 9.0, 11.1, or 15.6 Mev. A level 2 Mev wide at 10.1-Mev excitation or 15.6 Mev. A level 2 Mev wide at 10.1- Mev excitation would not be seen above the high background from threeparticle breakup. Yields at each angle were measured relative to the yield of the B/sup 10/(He/sup 3/,d)C/sup 11/ reaction. An angular distribution was obtained. Absolute differential cross sections were found by comparing the yields with the known yield from the B/sup 10/(d,p)B/sup 11/ reaction. Cross sections for the teradian. (auth)


The Ertsberg East Skarn System (EESS), a 3 Gt orebody at 0.59% Cu and 0.49 ppm Au, is located in the Ertsberg-Grasberg mining district, a 50km region of world class Cu-Au porphyry and skarn deposits in the highlands of Papua, Indonesia (Leys et al., 2012). The region is tectonically complex; subduction of the Australian plate beneath the Pacific plate ca. 12 Ma (Cloos et al., 2005) uplifted and deformed a succession of Upper Cretaceous siliciclastic to Lower Paleogene carbonate strata that serve as host rocks for the skarn orebodies. The transition to a strike-slip margin ca. 4 Ma is associated with ca. 3 Ma magmatism and episodic hydrothermal fluid flow, which resulted in porphyry stockwork and skarn mineralization (Cloos et al., 2005). Whereas the neighboring Grasberg porphyry Cu-Au deposit is believed to have formed by the throttling cupola mechanism, a process where hydrothermal fluids collect at the top of a batholith and periodically are released into the overlying magmatic complex (Cloos & Sapiie, 2013), the origin and transport mechanism for the fluids that formed the EESS are unknown. Several structural and stratigraphic pathways have been proposed as EESS fluid conduits connecting a deep fluid source with the reactive carbonate strata (Gandler, 2006), but controls on the P-T-X conditions of calc-silicate alteration and Cu-Au mineralization are essential to describing skarn formation. Cu-Au mineralization in the EESS is stratigraphically controlled in the exoskarn and also occurs within hydrothermal quartz veins in the endoskarn, hornfels, and exoskarn facies (Gandler, 2006). This relationship suggests that quartz veining and silicification record the evolution of fluids during calcsilicate alteration and Cu-Au mineralization. ESEMCathodoluminescence imaging reveals zonation textures and cross-cutting relationships in vein quartz that results from changes in the P-T-X conditions and growth rates throughout multiple generations of Si-saturated fluid input. When partnered with fluid inclusion analysis and Ti in quartz thermometry, it may be possible to quantify fluctuations in the depositional conditions of Cu-Au skarn formation with time to identify the pathways of mineralizing fluid migration.


Islamic Political Identity in Turkey, by M. Hakan Yavuz. Oxford, UK and New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. xiv + 274 pages. Appendix to 276. Notes to 316. Bibl. to p. 324. Index to 328. $49.95. Islamic Political Identity in Turkey is about the emergence of political Islam in Turkey, and the historical developments that shaped the forms that this political Islam has taken. The purpose of Yavuz's study "is to examine both the social and political processes and consequences of the formation of a new Islamic political identity in Turkey" (p. 6). Yavuz argues that the revival of social and political Islam in Turkey is not due to the failure of Kemalism, the ideology of Mustafa Kemal Atatiirk, but is the outcome of what he calls "opportunity spaces" that have opened up following the neoliberal policies of Turgut Ozal (i.e., since 1983). Opportunity spaces, he explains, are "social and economic networks and vehicles for activism and the dissemination of meaning, identity, and cultural codes" (p. ix). They provide forums for social interaction, and chances to increase networks of shared meaning and associational life. These include civic and political forums, electronic and print media, Cyberspace, and the market. Yavuz's notion of opportunity space is one in which social actors can act upon their world to change it. It is a space of choice and resistance to the state, and a useful way to reveal the meeting points of micro and macro forces. Opportunity spaces are, above all, networks of communication provided by mass media and other public forums available since the 1950s, when the multi -party regime in Turkey allowed more room for the public expression of Islam. According to Yavuz, these opportunity spaces, particularly since 1983, have resulted in the emergence of a "new prototype of ulema/intellectual...along with a set of network-communities to restructure this flow of information and devise strategies to cope with modern urban conditions of fragmentation and anomie" (p. 8). Social movements have made it possible for Islam to shift from the "primordiality of traditional Islamic identity to the assertiveness of the new Islamic identity" (p. 6). Yavuz's goal is to show how Islamic social movements have emerged out of the 'ulama '-directed authority into "textual communities" which emphasize individual interpretations of holy texts, thus allowing for a dynamism and re -appropriation of religious ideas into modern day needs. Throughout the book, he seeks to demonstrate that the Islamic social movements that have emerged in Turkey are modern creations, rather than revivals of archaic loyalties, and are constructed within the context of neoliberal political environments. Islamic social movements, he claims, strengthen civil society. Yavuz's study is based on ten years of research and fieldwork, and draws on interviews with politicians and state security officers, leading figures in the Islamic social movements, primary and secondary publications by and about Islamist social groups and texts of different religious orders. The book consists of ten chapters. The first chapter sets up his approach to Islamic social movements, while the next two chapters provide historical background, and the fourth establishes the role of the political economy in helping to cultivate Islamic opportunity spaces. Chapter five shows how literacy, print media and the formation of reading groups have fostered interpretive communities. Chapters six to nine cover "the matrix of Turkish Islamic movements." The last chapter examines the AK Party's victory in elections following a period of government crackdown on Islamic movements. Yavuz concludes that Kemalism, the official state ideology, is "at the core of the contemporary crisis in Turkey" (p. 263). Kemalism perceives social, cultural and political difference as a threat rather than part of democracy. Thus, groups making religious and ethnic identity claims in line with globalization, are seen to be in direct opposition to the state. …


Introduction Reflection is considered as a critical characteristic in professional competitions. Despite propagation of reflection as an important educational issue and existence of several helpful patterns, instructions conducted by teachers to explaining and expanding of it, are very little. Studies related to this topic were mainly performed in the field of nursing. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the effects of reflection on medical students. Materials and Methods This study was conducted between August 2012 to January 2013, and 100 medical students who were training in Pediatric Department of Tabriz Children's Hospital, were included in this interventional (before and after) study. At the beginning a questionnaire was filled by participants as "pretest". Then, in the workshop, principles of reflection and learning domain were taught to them. A notebook entitled "What I have learned" was prepared by them and daily learning was recorded in three aspects of reflection (mirror, microscope and binocular). After three months the same questionnaires were filled as "posttest". Results obtained from comparing pretest and posttest and information acquired from students notebook were the basis for statistical analyze. Results There was statistically significant difference for each question (P < 0.05). Deepening the learning, reducing errors, organizing and integrating of individual knowledge, increasing confidence and responsibility, improved patient care and accuracy of interventions were some benefits of reflection method. Conclusion Reflection is very helpful educational strategy and can help the students in their communication and increasing skill and knowledge. It also helps to organize and integrate their learning by guiding them in clinical situations.


Studies of identity at work have indicated the existence of an identity crisis generated by labor flexibility, leading to its destructuring and restructuring and transforming identity at work into processual identity constructions. Through qualitative research with in-depth interviews, the study aimed to identify the identity constructions present in contemporary work, performing a content analysis of the narratives generated by 40 workers over 35 years old in Sao Paulo, Brazil, selected intentionally. Identity constructions were based on 4 categories (nostalgia, closure, possibility and instrumentality) organized according to the systematization of identity types described in the literature. The results show the potential of using typologies, displaying 2 antagonistic movements of identity construction: the search for stability (nostalgia) or flexibility (possibility), with the weakening of professional and occupational identities (closure). The limits of this typology were also identified, finding that the instrumentality identity type is not permanent, but a temporary situation, and that there are hybrid and mixed identity types which were not foreseen in the systematization proposed.


Objective To study the ultrasonic characteristics of untreated primary hyperthyroidism(PH)by using two-dimensional ultrasound and colour dopplor flow imaging(CDFI)and their correlation factors.Methods Fifty nine cases of PH and 39 healthy volunteers as a control group were enrolled in the study.The volume of thyroid gland was examined by using two-dimensional ultrasound,and systolic and diastolic blood flow velocity(Vmax,Vmin)and resistance index(RI)were examined by using CDFI in the two groups.Serum levels of TT3,TT4,FT3,FT4,rT3,TSH,TRH,TRAb,TGAb and TMAb were also assayed by radioimmunoassay.The correlations between the ultrasonic types of thyroid gland and the serum levels of thyroid hormone and thyroid antibodies were analyzed.Results The serum levels of T T3,T T4,FT3,FT4,TRAb,the volume of thyroid gland,Vmax,and Vmin were significantly increased,and the serum level of TSH and RI were significantly decreased in PH group compared with those in the control group(P0.05).There were two different ultrasonic types in PH according to the ultrasonic characteristics:homogeneous echo(24 patients)and inhomogeneous echo(35 patients).But there was no static difference in the serum levels of TT3,TT4,TSH,TRAb,the volume of thyroid gland,Vmax,Vmin,and RI between both types of PH(P0.05).There were positive correlations between Vmax and TT3 and TT4 (r=0.308,0.426,P0.05)but no correlations between the volume of thyroid gland and TT3 and TT4(r =-0.087,0.084,P0.05)and no correlations between TRAb and the volume of thyroid gland,TT3,and TT4(r=0.213,-0.103,0.125,P0.05)in the PH group.There was a static difference in the levels of TGAb and/or TMAb in the type of homogeneous echo compared with the type of inhomogeneous echo(P0.05) .Conclusion The study indicates that two ultrasonic types of thyroid gland may be found in patients with PH.Inhomogeneous echo of thyroid gland may be related with the high levels of TGAb and/or TMAb.The different ultrasonic types in PH may be valuable in selecting the useful way of clinical treatment.


Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of surgery for treatment of traumatic hyphema with secondary glaucoma.Methods Total of 60 traumatic hyphema with secondary glaucoma patients from Tongshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital during Feb.2011 and Feb.2012 were collected as objects.The visual acuity,intraocular pressure and anterior chamber depth before and after surgery were compared.Results The visual acuity improved significantly after surgery(z = 33.67,P 0.05).After treatment,the intraocular pressure was significantly reduced,and anterior chamber depth was significantly increased(t = 11.034,12.421,P 0.05).Only 1 case had hyphema,no sore pain and cornea cruenta and other complications.Conclusion Surgical treatment of traumatic hyphema with secondary glaucoma can effectively improve the patient's visual acuity,lower intraocular pressure,and enhance anterior chamber depth,thus is worthy of clinical application.


The present invention relates to a method and a polishing method of polishing medium, the polishing medium. The polishing medium is a mixture of a metal structure and a ceramic sintered body tissue together. This polishing medium is preferably by injection molding a mixed powder of metal powder and ceramic powder is molded, then the resulting sintered molded body manufactured polishing medium. Further, an alumina ceramic structure is preferably composed of a metal structure preferably made of tungsten.


ABSTRACT Between 1989 and 2002 Norman Ross (Figure 1) published tens of thousands of microfilms and microfiches, created in Russia and Eastern Europe for his company, Norman Ross Publishing. He also published 33 reference books, Over the course of 25 visits to Russia, as well as on frequent trips to Ukraine, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Austria, Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, Ross developed microfilm and book projects with national libraries and local academic institutions and organized the local filming of major current newspapers. In these endeavors he was assisted by local representatives, a multi-lingual in-house staff in New York, and guidance from Edward Kasinec, the late Robert T. Whittaker, and others. This was the most rewarding segment of owning his own publishing company, which began in 1972 and continues nearly 50 years later.


Rey Benayas, J.M., Fraile Real, L., de la Torre Ceijas, R., Fernandez, N. 2020. Habitat suitability for Brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) in the south-eastern Iberian Range. Ecosistemas 29(2):1072. https://doi.org/10.7818/ECOS.1972 The Brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) is the biggest mammalian carnivore living in Western Europe and an endangered species in Spain. After centuries of decline, all Iberian populations have become extinct except two of them which are currently being recovered. Today, it seems feasible to initiate new conservation strategies to allow the recovery of extinct bear populations and their ecological functions by means of reintroduction programs. The goal of this study was to assess habitat suitability for the species in the south-eastern part of the Iberian Range. Our starting hypothesis predicts that this geographical area has favourable ecological characteristics to harbour a viable population of brown bears. The results point out that land abandonment, forest regeneration, a large forest extension, high habitat heterogeneity, and large natural protected areas network all provide suitable habitat conditions. The assessment of habitat suitability allowed ranking the land of the study area for the establishment of a Brown bear population; ca. 16 000 km 2 has high or medium-high habitat suitability values. The most suitable areas included abrupt relief, forests and other vegetation cover types that will provide both refuge and food to brown bears throughout all seasons. This study is a first step towards the evaluation of a future reintroduction of the species into the area, which in following steps would require addressing social acceptance and, ultimately, would depend on bold policy decisions.


This research is investigating the Hydrodynamics Model of Temperature Variation due to Gas Flaring activities in some parts of Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. The unsteady flow of radiative heat flux is represented using mathematical techniques to model the basic equations of fluid in motion by radiative transfer process using general differential forms. Laplace transform is used to obtain expressions for Temperature, Velocity, etc to solve problems of heat flow. The use the continuity, momentum, Navier-Stokes, Dasey and Energy equations is exploited. The results show that radiation parameter influences the variation of temperature distribution in the environment.


Disasters, whether environmental or manmade, have catastrophic impacts that require both quick action and long-term interventions. Mitigating the effects of those disasters requires knowledge about similar events and advanced disaster planning. Major challenges in disaster planning and intervention include a lack of up-to-date information on situational and environmental conditions, major communication gaps, and a lack of effective coordination in planning and recovery operations. With a worldwide average of 387 natural disasters a year alone[3], it is imperative that solutions are found to combat and eliminate these problems. The implementation of cutting-edge technology, in particular, is key for advancement of the science and solutions for disaster mitigation[4][5].


A key means of getting to know someone is by telling them about personal experiences. Even as children, some individuals engage others readily by such personal narration, while others seldom do so, remaining aloof in conversation. The present study investigates whether such differences may be traced to the security of children's attachment to their mothers, usually at one and the same time their primary attachment figures and the individuals who most frequently engage them in personal narrative. If a child's style of narration to a stranger about mundane, not necessarily familial, events were to relate to security of maternal attachment, this would suggest that personal narration is one vehicle in which one can observe the internal working model of relationships employed by a child in the process of negotiating a new relationship; children might well anticipate responses to narration from unfamiliar audiences that resemble those they have received in the past from their mothers. Furthermore, if narration relates to attachment security, researchers interested in child narration may need to take children's attachment security into account in future assessments of child narration, assessments that have often been used for very different purposes, including child eyewitness testimony (see Ceci & Bruck, 1993, for review). As Ceci and Bruck (1993) note, children's ability to testify regarding abuse hinges on many things (e.g., children's age, length of time since abuse, history of being asked suggestive questions). In fact, recently, some researchers (e.g., Goodman, Quas, BattermanFaunce, Riddlesberger, & Kuhn, 1997) have suggested that this ability may well reflect the children's security of attachment to their mother, a possibility with many complicated implications for children's eyewitness testimony. (For a recent review discussing the role of attachment on children's eyewitness memory, see Alexander, Quas, & Goodman, 2002.) From the first, attachment theorists have drawn our attention to the link between attachment and communication. In the first year of life, infants' vocalizations often consist of crying episodes, and Bell and Ainsworth (1972) established that mothers who were quickly and frequently responsive to their infants had infants who cried less frequently and for less duration several months later. Bowlby (1969, p. 123) noted that "the language of feeling is an indispensable vehicle for talking about ways in which a situation is appraised and about behavioural systems in a state of activation." In this paper we will focus considerable attention on the "language of feeling" expressed in narrative, something narrative researchers term evaluation. Main, Kaplan, and Cassidy (1985) published research International Journal of Behavioral Development 2006, 30 (5), 8–19


A computer simulation of the lattice model of an athermal polymer solution shows that the Huggins formula for the combinatorial entropy is a rather good approximation. It also appears that the mean dimension of the chains decreases as the concentration of the solution increases.


ithin the neat, high rise towers of Singapore's economic success sit hundreds of thousands of personal computers, the gateways into the global information age in one of the world's most technologically sophisticated societies. Yet, behind the gentle whirring of the browsers and the email, lie the gatekeepers of the global information age, the officials of the Singapore government. Earlier this year, that government wandered into almost half of the 400,000 computers of Internet users, without their knowledge, in what was explained as a sweep for computer viruses. Five years earlier a similar search of private and business computer files was attributed to a crack down on pornography. By the year 2000, through the government-contracted Singapore One Cable Network, all 750,000 households on the island will be connected to a comprehensive national computer web, including broadband coaxial and optical fibre networks, linking homes to businesses, schools, government departments and libraries. In the world's first fully interactive nation state, all citizens will have the facility to carry out commercial transactions, access interactive services and communicate with each other via the Internet. And the Singapore government will have cyber access to every home on the island.


Abstract Rationale: Renal hemosiderosis is a disease in which hemosiderin deposits in the renal cortex as a form of iron overload. However, cases of renal hemosiderosis due to intravascular hemolysis following mitral valve repair have been rarely reported. Patient concerns: We present the case of a 62-year-old woman who developed asymptomatic urinary abnormalities including microscopic hematuria and proteinuria due to renal hemosiderosis following a mitral valve repair surgery performed two years earlier. Diagnoses: A percutaneous renal biopsy showed no specific glomerular abnormality, tubular atrophy, or interstitial fibrosis but extensive deposition of hemosiderin in the proximal tubule. The patient was diagnosed with renal hemosiderosis and chronic intravascular hemolysis following mitral valve repair. Interventions: Our patient refused a mitral valve repeat surgery and hence was treated with oral iron preparations, N-acetylcysteine, and a β-receptor blocker. Outcomes: Moderate mitral regurgitation with the regurgitant blood striking against the annuloplasty ring was confirmed on follow-up echocardiography. After the 24-month follow-up period, hemolytic anemia persisted, but there was no significant decline of renal function. Lessons: For cases of chronic intravascular hemolysis accompanied with asymptomatic urinary abnormalities, a renal biopsy is required to exclude underlying kidney pathology and predict potential renal insufficiency.


Gonin is the discoverer of the fundamental principle which governs all rational types of surgery for the reattachment of the retina, namely that it is necessary and sufficient to seal off all the holes in the retina. Thus attempts have generally been made to close the retinal breaks by irritating the choroid lying directly outside them, using surface diathermy and diathermy puncture. This method proved useful provided that breaks in the retina were not overlooked and provided that there was no traction exerted on the retina by structures in the vitreous cavity. During the last years there has been in detachment surgery a progressive trend away from the pure surface diathermy towards various procedures of scleral resection and scleral buckling (Custodis, Schepens), combined with diathermy. These procedures aim a t pushing the eye wall with the choroid towards the detached retina, thereby counteracting the effect of traction on the retina from vitreous structures. This investigation, being a continuation of the work of Thomassen (1954), was primarily carried out to analyse the usefulness of the method of surface diathermy in different types of detachment, that is to try to find out in what particular types of detachment the method of surface diathermy offered a good chance and in what types the method failed and should be replaced by some other surgical method. The analysis of the results being of prime importance, the total number of cured in this material has not been compared with the same number from other clinics. I t is believed that such a comparison has a limited value only, because operative indications differ -from one clinic to the other. During 1954, 1955 and 1956, 213 cases of detachment of the retina were


Based on data gained from the Kostak public utility company in the town of Krsko, this graduation thesis analyses the impact of contaminants on drinking water. In the first part, the legislation on drinking water is presented. This is followed by a brief description of water system in Krsko, which includes 3 water resources located in two separate locations. The Brege and the Drnovo pumping stations are situated in the Krsko polje (the Krsko field), where the impact of farming, industry and traffic is the highest. Rising nitrate and pesticide levels pose a serious problem. The Rore pumping station is located in the Krsko hribovje (the Krsko hills) and is one of the least polluted water resources in the entire municipality of Krsko.


With the advent of manufacturing in Industry 4.0 and consumer demand, there has been a trend of mass customization of products. This customization requirement can only be achieved through the flexibility of manufacturing processes that are tailored to meet the quality standards of customers and the large volume of production in a short time. The increase of the production capacity is achieved through the processes of industrial automation of the manufacture which maintains the increased efficiency for the series production. This study was based on the Design for Six Sigma methodology (DMADV—Define, Measure, Analyze, Design and Verify) in order to determine the soldering process characteristics and how the soldering process can be automatized. When planning the implementation of a collaborative robot in a workstation in the production plant, the following must be taken into account: steps in operations that require the most time for the worker and/or that represent factors of physical and moral overload for him; the use of adequate precision fixing devices, delimitation of work areas, sensors as well as spaces for connecting the workstation to the electrical, hydraulic/pneumatic network and constant cycle time. The proposed solution can improve the productivity of the process by integrating advanced robotics and smart devices into the soldering line.


There are two type of gold deposits,a ltered tectonite type and quartze-v ein type,in the Zhang-baling tectonic belt.The container fracture of the altered tectonite ty pe gold deposits shows structure zon ing well.The assemblage of metallogeni c elements of this type gold deposits consists of FeO,elements Cu,Pb,Zn,Au,Ag,Mn,Th,V,et al.The exc lusional components,K 2O,Na 2 O,CaO,SiO2 ,Ba and Sr,which are products of alteration rea ction,are negative correlation with the rock's deformation level.It shows altered tectonite gold deposits hav e the character of concoindence amon g structure,alteration and metallo-geneisis.The stronger the rock defo rms,the higher the metallogenic ele ments concentration and the lower th e exclusional elements concentratio n are in it.The container fracture of quartze-vein type gold deposits is deficient in structure zoning.The m etallogenic compenents are K 2O,Au,As,Rb,which are migrated into the container fracture.


Studies of the transcriptional transactivator (Tat), a key regulatory protein of HIV, have yielded insight into the control of eukaryotic transcription


This paper introduces the concept and carriers of information economy and presents the developmental process of information economy.It aims to emphasize the importance of developing information industry.


In its "right to be forgotten" decision, the European Court of Justice ruled in 2014 that search engines like Google must, upon request from an individual, remove links that result from searches for an individual's name when those results are "inadequate, irrelevant or no longer relevant, or excessive in relation to the purposes… carried out by the operator of the search engine." Europeans have since invoked this right to require the delisting of web sites that contain information about them that is embarrassing, disparaging, or that violates their privacy. The initial implementation of the right to be forgotten was limited in several ways. First, it was limited in geographical scope to European domains of search engines. Google—the primary search engine affected by the decision—limited delisting to its European domains (such as Google.es and Google.de) and refrained from delisting within its global Google.com search engine. While Google has consistently sought to limit the geographical reach of the right to be forgotten, European data regulators have insisted upon its global implementation. Second, the implementation of the right to be forgotten was limited to search engines; it did not extend to the underlying content at issue, such as newspaper archives or other online content. As such, the right to be forgotten mandated only indirect—not direct—censorship of content.
Recently, however, European courts have expanded the scope of the right to be forgotten (and related privacy rights) to mandate how newspapers and other Internet content providers make available content, in some instances requiring erasure or anonymization of such content. These expansions of the right to be forgotten pose substantial threats to freedom of expression, including to the rights of United States citizens and members of the press to access information on the Internet regarding U.S. court decisions. In addition, the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)—which went into effect in May 2018—imposes even greater infringements on freedom of expression and does not accord the fundamental due process rights of notice or the opportunity to be heard to affected speakers and publishers. To make matters worse, the right to be forgotten is expanding beyond Europe—to countries such as India, Russia, Mexico, Japan, and Colombia—and these countries are imposing expansive obligations on search engines and content providers to censor the Internet.
While the right to be forgotten began as a right that was limited in scope—and had a limited effect on the free flow of information on the Internet—in the past four years it has rapidly expanded into a formidable global threat to freedom of expression.


For the linear, time-invariant, multi-input multi-output unity-feedback system under a class of non-linear, time-varying stable perturbations, we obtain conditions for stability and develop a controller design method which ensures stability in the presence of one arbitrary sensor or actuator failure.


Nitrate ions are irreversibly reduced in dilute aqueous solutions in the presence of formate under the action of an electron beam.


Objective: To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation( IABC) in treatment of severe cardiovascular disease. Methods: Sixty patients in cardiovascular intensive care unit were randomly divided into experimental group and control groups. Patients in experimental group received IABC while control group received conventional drug therapy. Heart rate,blood pressure,urine output,the amount of dopamine used,cardiac function and mortality rate were observed in two groups. Results: After 7 days' treatment,the survival rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in control group( 76. 7% vs 50%,P 0. 05). Patients' heart rate decreased,systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased,urine output increased,the amount of dopamine used,level of brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac function scores decreased in both groups,the differences were statistically significant compared with those before treatment( P 0. 05). Conclusions: IABC may effectively improve the acute severe cardiac failure and myocardial infarction,and reduce mortality.


The epitaxial growth mechanism and causes of dislocation formation in AlN films on a Si substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) are comprehensively proposed. Due to the high energetic effect and pulsed effect of PLD, the epitaxial process of AlN film growth on Si (111) by PLD is a two-dimensional layer-by-layer growth regime in relation to the strain–relaxation mechanisms. Three PLD sub-stages of the epitaxial process for AlN films on a Si substrate have been suggested and interpreted in detail. Under optimum growth conditions, the film exhibits 1.5 nm-thick single-crystalline AlN interfacial layers with a high density of dislocations, rather than an amorphous SiNx layer. On the contrary, severe interfacial reaction and an AlSiN layer were found at the AlN/Si (111) interface under non-optimal growth conditions, which is derived from the interfacial interdiffusion and penetration between active Si atoms and AlN species, resulting in a high density of dislocations and defects at the AlN/Si (111) interface.


In China,abuse of antibiotics increasingly serious,it makes great harm to lots of people's health.This paper through two areas about Bacterial resistance and Adverse reactions for abuse antibiotics expatiated on the hazards of antibiotics,guided clinicians how to regulate the use of antibiotics reasonable,and then pointed out three reasons for abuse of antibiotics on social.Promoting the rational use of antibiotics is a specific and complex systems engineering,needs a high degree of attention from government at all levels,and it also needs the support of the whole society.


Guest Editorial is an occasional feature of the Financial Analysts Journal. This piece reflects the views of the author and does not represent the official views of the FAJ or CFA Institute.


The availability of production electricity is essential to the economic strength of a nation. Electricity demand has therefore gained remarkable attention over the last few decades due to the higher standard of living and increasing number of consumers etc. The electricity generating companies are striving to improve the efficiency and performance of their power plants. To achieve this, the locations and causes of useful energy destruction and losses in the power plant components have to be investigated and found. Exergy analysis has increasingly attracted the interest of many researchers to achieve the above goal. The purpose of exergy analysis is generally to identify the location, the source and the magnitude of true thermodynamic inefficiencies in power plants . Moreover, the results provided by exergy analysis can be used as a guide for reducing the thermodynamic inefficiencies of power plants and improving their performance. The exergy analysis needs much more attention and application so that the irreversibilities can be minimized and thus the systems can be operated at much higher efficiency and less emissions.


The observation and quantitative investigation of the spatial correlation of CdSe quantum dots in stacked CdSe/ZnSSe quantum-dot layers is reported. Using grazing incidence x-ray small angle scattering, the influence of the ZnSSe spacer layer thickness ranging from 20 to 80 A, as well as the influence of the stacking number (3–10) has been analyzed. Satellite spots, indicative of quantum-dot ordering, have been observed for a spacer thickness of up to 45 A, and for a stacking number of at least 5. This finding can be explained by a self-organized ordering process driven by the lattice mismatch induced strain. A mean lateral quantum-dot distance ranging from 116 to 145 A, depending on the spacer thickness, has been found. In addition, an anisotropy of twofold symmetry has been observed, with the strongest correlation signal along 〈110〉.


Background: AMPA-type glutamate receptor-mediated synaptic transmission is enhanced in descending pain modulatory circuits under pain conditions. Results: Epigenetic regulation of BDNF by persistent inflammation triggers AMPA receptor GluA1 phosphorylation. Conclusion: Synaptic delivery of GluA1 in the brain stem is initiated by BDNF/TrKB activation under pain conditions. Significance: We investigate how GluA1 is delivered to synapses to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying pain in descending pain modulatory circuits. The enhanced AMPA receptor phosphorylation at GluA1 serine 831 sites in the central pain-modulating system plays a pivotal role in descending pain facilitation after inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We show here that, in the rat brain stem, in the nucleus raphe magnus, which is a critical relay in the descending pain-modulating system of the brain, persistent inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) can enhance AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents and the GluA2-lacking AMPA receptor-mediated rectification index. Western blot analysis showed an increase in GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser-831 but not at Ser-845. This was accompanied by an increase in distribution of the synaptic GluA1 subunit. In parallel, the level of histone H3 acetylation at bdnf gene promoter regions was reduced significantly 3 days after CFA injection, as indicated by ChIP assays. This was correlated with an increase in BDNF mRNA levels and BDNF protein levels. Sequestering endogenous extracellular BDNF with TrkB-IgG in the nucleus raphe magnus decreased AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission and GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser-831 3 days after CFA injection. Under the same conditions, blockade of TrkB receptor functions, phospholipase C, or PKC impaired GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser-831 and decreased excitatory postsynaptic currents mediated by GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors. Taken together, these results suggest that epigenetic up-regulation of BDNF by peripheral inflammation induces GluR1 phosphorylation at Ser-831 sites through activation of the phospholipase C-PKC signaling cascade, leading to the trafficking of GluA1 to pain-modulating neuronal synapses.


A secondary ion mass spectroscopy study of δ and bulk doped layers demonstrates that the incorporation efficiency of Be in Ga0.47In0.53As and InP during metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy is much lower than unity. This effect is attributed to the removal of Be atoms from the surface by the organic gases in the growth chamber. The upper limit for δ doping of Ga0.47In0.53As before the onset of diffusion is 7×1012 cm−2, and in InP it is less than 5×1011 cm−2.


In the majority of retrievals, femoral heads and cups are sent for analysis with no designation as to positioning in-vivo. In addition, when patients retain the femoral prosthesis, evidence of neck impingement damage is lost. In this case report we studied head and cup wear-patterns and stripe damage in a novel case that included a large diameter metal-on-metal THA that was retrieved with the head still fused to the stem. This provided anatomical positioning of head wear-pattern and stripe damage as represented by the orientation of the femoral stem in radiographic images. We investigated (1) size, shape and location of head and cup wear-patterns, (2) cup-to-stem impingement damage, and (3) head stripe-wear. The head wear-pattern was elliptical in shape, 40mm diameter with area covering 2200 sq.mm. Its hemispherical ratio was 56% with aspect ratio 1.2 and typical of large-diameter MOM retrievals. Wear-pattern extended from 12° above superior head-margin to approximately 40° inferior to polar axis. Centroidal vector in coronal plane was 13° posterior to polar axis and in transverse plane was 19° superior to polar axis. These vector data corresponded well with biomechanical predictions of resultant load axes in gait studies. Stripe damage was identified on the head, and the cup rim could thereby be aligned to verify neck impingement and also head subluxation mechanisms. Cup wear-pattern was not centrally contained, indicating this patient had experienced repetitive edge-wear during gait. Thinning of the cup rim by 350- 400μm indicated that posterior impingement with repetitive anterior subluxation of the head had created this edge-wear.


Shu Li, on behalf of ATLAS and CMS Collaborationsa,b,c,∗ Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, P.R.China Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology (Ministry of Education), 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, P.R.China Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, P.R.China


This research was supported in part by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number P20GM103395 and by an equipment grant of Alaska State Public Health Laboratories. The clinical sample was collected and diagnosed in Alaska State Public Health Virology Laboratory (ASVL). I would like to thank Jack Chen and Jayme Parker for all of their support. Discussion & Future Direction


ABSTRACT We review evidence that the census of Milky Way satellites similar to those knownmay be incomplete at low latitude due to obscuration and in the outer halo due to adecreasing sensitivity to dwarf satellites with distance. We evaluate the possible im-pact that incompleteness has on comparisons with substructure models by estimatingcorrections to the known number of dwarfs using empirical and theoretical models.Under the assumption that the true distribution of Milky Way satellites is uniformwith latitude, we estimate a 33% incompleteness in the total number of dwarfs due toobscuration at low latitude. Similarly, if the radial distribution of Milky Way satellitesmatches that of M31, or that of the oldest sub-halos or the most massive sub-halosin a simulation, then we estimate a total number of Milky Way dwarfs ranging from1 – 3 times the known population. Although the true level of incompleteness is quiteuncertain, the fact that our extrapolations yield average total numbers of MW dwarfsthat are realistically 1.5 – 2 times the known population, shows that incompletenessneeds to be taken seriously when comparing to models of dwarf galaxy formation.Interestingly, the radial distribution of the oldest sub-halos in a ΛCDM simulation ofa Milky Way-like galaxy possess a close match to the observed distribution of M31'ssatellites, which suggests that reionization may be an important factor controlling theobservability of sub-halos. We also assess the prospects for a new SDSS search forMilky Way satellites to constrain the possible incompleteness in the outer halo.Key words: galaxies: haloes — galaxies: Local Group — galaxies: dwarf — methods:N-body simulations


In this issue of JMCP, Faresjö and colleagues found that 13.3% of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) reported using antidepressants versus 4.5% of control patients without IBS.1 The more than 3-fold higher use of antidepressants (odds ratio [OR] = 3.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.27-4.70) among patients with IBS is not a surprising finding, but the actual use of drugs by IBS patients is little studied despite the high prevalence of IBS, which is estimated to affect 12% of adults in the United States.2 However, a plethora of research reports exist regarding the comorbidity of psychiatric conditions and IBS; a MEDLINE search performed in October 2008 revealed 456 citations for the combination of the search terms "irritable bowel syndrome" and "depression." The medical literature shows a strong relationship of IBS with anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome, and fibromyalgia, as well as depression.3,4 The research is sufficiently specific to differentiate a higher frequency of IBS symptoms with panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder versus social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and obsessivecompulsive disorder.5 There is considerable discussion regarding the role of serotonin in IBS,6 which suggests that some antidepressants may be more effective than others. Hayee and Forgacs in their clinical review (2007) presented evidence that (a) the diagnosis of IBS is stigmatized by the method of exclusion, leading to an aura of negativity for the patient; (b) IBS does not have a single cause and is associated with a complex of symptoms; (c) the association of IBS with psychiatric disorders begs the question of cause and effect; (d) despite the reported high prevalence of IBS, many more patients may have IBS who do not consult a physician; and (e) among the antidepressant drugs, the tricyclic antidepressants have been studied most often in IBS, with consistently favorable effects and a number needed to treat (NNT) of 3.2 (95% CI = 2.16.5) compared with an NNT of 2.0 for cognitive behavioral therapy and mixed but generally poor results with the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).7 Unfortunately, in the present study, Faresjö et al. did not record the subtypes of antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, or tricyclic antidepressants) reported by the respondents in their population survey.


According to the borehole date of Highway,the TIN data layer and grid data layer for three-dimensional slope stability analysis were carried out by use of ArcMap.The value of each gird cell of different layers are picked up as slide block,it makes convenience in the slope stability analysis.Considering the property of bedding landslide,the three-dimensional slope stability analysis program based on VBA of ArcGIS is put forward in this paper.The program can calculate the Stability factor of any directions by resampling of raster date,thus the real sliding direction can be determined by the minimum value of the Stability factor.Taking one of the large rocky landslide as an example,the results of the three-dimensional with the two-dimensional method of a typical profile of the slope are compared.


Milk is a translucent white liquid, produced by the mammary glands of mammals with high nutritional value, providing the primary source of nutrition for young mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. This study was conducted to evaluate physical and chemical quality of cow's raw milk. Total of 52 raw milk samples were collected from milk value chain points at Bishoftu and Akaki towns and analyzed. The results showed that the overall mean and standard deviation of physical and chemical quality of milk in the study areas for PH, freezing point, density, add water, acidity, fat, protein, SNF, total solid, lactose and ash contents of milk samples were 6.66±0.04, -0.55±0.03, 1.028±0.002, 2.80±3.60, 0.176±0.01, 3.60±0.53, 3.27±0.15, 7.78±0.41, 11.38±0.78, 3.93±0.25 and 0.62±0.05, respectively. The physical and chemical qualities of milk samples obtained from the study areas were significantly different (P<0.05). The data demonstrate that milk physical and chemical properties from the value chain of Bishoftu and Akaki had slightly fulfilled to the global and Ethiopia standard.


The carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene incorporated copper (Graphene/Cu) composite conductors have the potentials to improve performances of electric machines, which have drawn much attention around the world. The properties of copper matrix material are different from copper in terms of electrical conductivity, mass density, and thermal conductivity. One of the properties of interest is the high electrical conductivity. However, the amount of composite material simple is limited due to the current processing and manufacturing. In this paper, the variation of material resistivity with temperature is measured based on a Graphene/Cu sample. With the experimental measurement data and the material properties available in the literature, this paper discusses the impacts of high conductivity materials on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) performances.


This article explores how addiction is conceptualized in a drug court program. Through observations and interviews in a drug court in a large northeastern city, the author reveals how the court uses ambiguous and inconsistent medicalized language to describe addiction, extending the label of addiction to behaviors not just associated with using drugs, but with selling drugs as well. Ultimately, drug courts incorporate a medicalized notion of addiction to further their own control over drug-related issues, since they become the authority of both the client's treatment and their punishment.


The new research progress in AB_5 rare earth based hydrogen storage alloys is reviewed.Improvement of synthetical properties of the alloys are summarized,such as design of the composition,preparing technology,surface modification and microcosmic mechanism,and the comment on the present problems are given.The results show that the basic experiments of the AB_5 rare earth based hydrogen storage alloys are comparative maturity and the microcosmic mechanism must be emphasized in order to make a breakthrough.the rare earth based hydrogen storage alloys have a wide foreground on the premise of the new technics of the preparation,such as nano-engineering and mechanical alloying,adopted with the other high capacity hydrogen storage materials.


Research on energy control aspect of multi-microgrid is still a bottleneck at present, based on this, the energy control of multi-microgrid under island mode is studied in this paper, and the control model of multi-microgrid is built based on cellular automata and ant colony optimization where the cellular automata can realize the energy change monitoring within the micro-grid under island mode, the ant colony optimization is used to calculate the feasible solution of the energy control, on this basis, the energy control strategy of multi-microgrid based on CA and ant colony Optimization is proposed.


People who frequent casinos are likely familiar with an old gambling adage: you can't beat the house. There is, however, a way to profit handsomely from gambling without beating the house — by running the house.

Government-operated gaming accounts for the vast majority of Canadian gambling


In this research, we build a discrete-event-simulation based decision support tool to simulate the passengers boarding with one and two doors. The objective to select the best passenger boarding strategy that minimize the passengers boarding time. There are three main steps to use this model. First, using spreadsheet user interface, a user may generate random passengers, and then choose the common boarding strategy available in the literature or to flexibly determine his or her own strategy. Second, these inputs then are simulated in ARENA simulation engine. Third, the output of the results will be displayed again in spreadsheets. The performance indicators are such as the average and maximum passenger boarding time, number of interferences passengers both aisle interferences and seat interferences


We have investigated the microscopic crystalline morphology such as lattice plane tilting and defects in semipolar (20–21) GaN films grown on (22–43) patterned sapphire substrates (PSS) by using position‐dependent ω–2θ map measurement of X‐ray microdiffraction (XRMD) combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of the position‐dependent ω–2θ map measurement for the GaN (20–21) plane showed periodic variation of the diffraction spot shapes depending on the patterning pitch of the PSS. Broadening of the diffraction spots in the terrace area and single diffraction spots in the grooved one were also observed. These results indicate that the lattice plane tilting of the GaN film depends on the PSS structure and the presence of the defective GaN film on the terrace area where basal plane stacking‐fault generation occurred, as confirmed by TEM.


1. I n t r o d u c t i o n The inverting voltage controlled current source (VCCS) which uses a single op amp has several applications in electronic circuits [1-2]. It is well known that the finite unity gain bandwidth of the omp amp ω,, results in both phase and magnitude errors [1]. The magnitude error is a second order term, whereas the phase error is of a first order magnitude and therefor the VCCS requires mainly phase compensation [1]. The purpose of this paper is to propose three passive phase compensated VCCS networks. 2. A s ingle C pass ive compensa ted VCCS n e t w o r k Here two circuits are proposed for the phase compensation of the inverting VCCS using only a single capacitor. Fig. 1 represents the first circuit. Compensation in this circuit is achieved by the capacitor C1 which is to be chosen in order to minimize the phase error. Let the open loop gain of the op amp be represented in the form and R ' (4) From (3) it is seen that in order to reduce the phase error to a negligible level, the time constant C, A] should be chosen such that 4 jc+1 (5) In this case the compensated error function becomes 4 jc+1 . ,.Λ_ ω,χ + 2 5 4 jc+1 4 (JC+1) 2 ' cot jc + 2 ω, x + 2 (6) The corresponding phase and magnitude errors are given by


Concha bullosa is reported to have a role in paranasal sinus infections. Role of asymptomatic concha bullosa in causation of Eustachian dysfunction and chronic otitis media is not well established with only few reports. Here, we report a case of a 42-year-old female patient who presented with bilateral hearing loss with no nasal complaints. On otoscopy, her tympanic membranes showed bilateral retractions with reduced mobility on the right side. Nasal endoscopy revealed incidental finding of bilateral concha bullosa confirmed on computed tomography scan of paranasal sinuses. Bilateral conchoplasty was done. In immediate postoperative period, patient had subjective as well as objective improvement in hearing status and Eustachian function. Consequently, we inferred that bilateral concha bullosa has etiological role in Eustachian dysfunction due to increased nasal resistance. Hence, conchoplasty provides immediate improvement in a dilatory function of Eustachian tube with hearing improvement.


Abstract This work is devoted to the study of the conditions under which a drop directed normally towards a superheated or isothermal smooth substrate prevents the initial contact with the solid by skating over a micrometre-sized vapour or air layer. The results have been obtained analysing the gas flow at the spatio-temporal region where the maximum liquid pressure is attained, which is also where and when the minimum values of the film thickness are reached. For the common case in which $We St^{-1/6}\gtrsim 1$, where $We=\rho _l U^{2} R/\gamma$ and $St=\rho _l U R/\eta _a$ denote, respectively, the Weber and Stokes numbers, we find that capillary effects are negligible and the ratio between the minimum film thickness and the local drop radius of curvature is $h_m/R\propto St^{-7/6}$, with $\rho _l$, $\gamma$, $\eta _a$, $U$ and $R$ indicating the liquid density, interfacial tension coefficient, gas viscosity, impact velocity and drop radius, respectively. In contrast, when $We St^{-1/6}\lesssim 1$, capillary effects can no longer be neglected and $h_m/R\propto We^{-1/3} St^{-10/9}$. The predicted values of the minimum film thickness are compared with published experimental data, finding good agreement between predictions and measurements for the cases of both isothermal and superheated substrates. In addition, using mass conservation, we have also deduced an equation providing the minimum value of the substrate temperature for which a cylindrical central vapour bubble of constant height $h_d/R\propto St^{-2/3}$, with $h_d\gg h_m$, grows radially at the wetting velocity deduced in Riboux & Gordillo (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 113, 2014, 024507). The predicted values are in good agreement with the dynamic Leidenfrost temperatures reported by Shirota et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 116, 2016, 064501).


This research paper presents an unconventional control for the operation of a STATCOM coupled at the interconnection point of the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait in the GCC Interconnection. The primary objective of this research work is to investigate transmission power system network operational control challenges and convincing impact of employing a STATCOM, with an unconventional control algorithm to address existing reactive power management issue, which is ensuring technology-based solution to the operational challenges/pitfalls of the interconnection between the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait in the Gulf cooperative council power grid. This study results indicate that the STATCOM is a strong candidate to improve power transmission system network operations in the GCC Power grid with high degree of precision.


: Post surgical infections (PSI) are among the most common hospital acquired infections comprising 14-16 percent of inpatient infections. PSI is a dangerous condition , a heavy burden on the patient and social health system. PSI risk factors are diabetes, malnutrition, smoking and obesity. The aim of the study was to observe the effectiveness of ceftriaxone in the treatment of post surgical infections alone and in combination with antioxidant Ascorbic acid. A retrospective study was conducted on surgically operated patients in the region of Lahore and Sialkot,100 patients were included in study through random sampling technique. Results showed that some patients were taking prophylactic treatment with ceftriaxone and with any other antibiotics, due to lack of sterility factor, inappropriate ventilation and poor patient compliance leads to post surgical infections. Private sector utilized preventive strategy to maintain the sterile conditions in operating room while in public sector preventive strategy not applied. Mostly post surgical infections occur in patients within 7 days of surgery. Staphylococcus aureus was the microorganism most commonly cultured from PSI. The treatment given to patients for PSI include ceftriaxone in combination with NSAIDS, antioxidants and other antibiotics. In patients treating with ceftriaxone in combination with Ascorbic acid, the healing of infection was so rapid as compared to other combinations of ceftriaxone. It was also studied that the cost of treatment also reduced with the use of combination (Ceftriaxone+ Ascorbic acid).


This paper aims to explore the potential connection between the cultural process of modern reenchantment, as described by Michael Saler, and the phenomenon of microtransactions in virtual worlds, which for the purposes of this paper is understood as spending real world money on goods and services within a virtual world. Specifically it explores if users of virtual worlds are motivated by concepts associated with modern re-enchantment when they engage in microtransactions. To this end, data has been collected from users of five virtual worlds regarding their motivations, habits, and opinions regarding virtual worlds in general and microtransactions


The authors analyzed self-reported SAT scores and actual SAT scores for five different samples of college students (N = 650). Students overestimated their actual SAT scores by an average of 25 points (SD = 81, d = .31), with 10% under-reporting, 51% reporting accurately, and 39% over-reporting, indicating a systematic bias towards over-reporting. The amount of overreporting was greater for lower-scoring than higher-scoring students, was greater for upper division than lower division students, and was equivalent for men and women. There was a strong correlation between self-reported and actual SAT scores (r = .82), indicating high validity of students' memories of their scores. Results replicate previous findings (Kuncel, Credé, & Thomas, 2005) and are consistent with a motivated distortion hypothesis. Caution is suggested in using self-reported SAT scores in psychological research.


5071Background: An urgent need exists for new therapies after progression (PD) onAA and enzalutamide (ENZ). Increased PR expression or progesterone-activating AR mutations have been associated with...


Portland cement concrete is the most used building material in the world. However, its manufacture is energy-intensive and it is susceptible to harsh environments. Alternative binder systems without ordinary Portland cement, such as geopolymers or alkali-activated materials, are recently new in the Civil Engineered world. These alternative binder systems seek, among other characteristics, improved durability and environmental efficiency. The attaining of strain hardening and multiple cracking typical of Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCC) using these alternative binder systems is very attractive from a conceptual point of view, since additional endurance to certain harsh or extreme environments, as well as enhanced durability, are usually expected as two of the main outcomes. In the present work, the behaviour of two different composites was studied: an existing Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) and a new composite based on an alternative binder prepared with metakaolin. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres were used in both materials. A series of experiments, including compressive and direct tensile testing were carried out to characterize and compare the mechanical properties of both materials. The results showed that the alternative binder composite, when subjected to uniaxial tension, developed multiple cracks at steadily increasing tensile stress and strain, which is also typical of ECCs showing strain hardening behaviour. The development of fibre reinforced geopolymer or alkali-activated materials showing strain hardening ability in tension may still be considered as a novel research topic, with great potential for creating new and interesting developments for Civil Engineering and structural applications, particularly the ones subjected to harsh environments.


It is widely believed to take exponential time to find a solution of a system of random multivariate polynomials because of the NP-completeness of such a task. On the other hand, in most of multivariate public key cryptosystems proposed so far, the computational complexity of cryptanalysis is polynomial time due to the trapdoor structure. In this paper, we introduce a new concept, piece in hand (soldiers in hand) matrix, which brings the computational complexity of cryptanalysis of multivariate public key cryptosystems close to exponential time by adding random polynomial terms to original cryptosystems. This is a general concept which can be applicable to any type of multivariate public key cryptosystems for the purpose of enhancing their security. As an implementation of the concept, we propose the linear PH matrix method with random variables. In 2003 Faugere and Joux broke the first HFE challenge (80 bits), where HFE is one of the major variants of multivariate public key cryptosystem, by computing a Grobner basis of the public key of the cryptosystem. We show, in an experimental manner, that the linear PH matrix method with random variables can enhance the security of HFE even against the Grobner basis attack. In what follows, we consider the strength of the linear PH matrix method against other possible attacks.


Abstract The temperature dependence of the electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectra of FH(CN−) centres in KCl was investigated in the temperature range between 10–220 K. At the lowest temperature of 10 K only one CN− orientation with respect to the F centre electron is present, in which the nitrogen is thought to be nearer to the F-electron than the carbon. With the very small thermal activation energy of 2.9 meV the opposite orientation is occupied. The superhyperfine interactions of those first shell K nuclei nearest to CN− and of the 13C interaction of the CN− molecule are strongly temperature dependent between 10 and 60 K, following an exponential law with a thermal activation energy of 4.2 meV. It is assumed that a soft local mode involving those two nearest K nuclei and the CN− is causing the strong temperature dependence. The shf interactions of 14N nuclei have not been seen, probably because of the dynamical effects.


Purpose To improve the care and outcomes of adult patients with type 2 diabetes by teaching interprofessional teams of learners the principles and practices of the Improving Chronic Illness Care Model. Method The study population consisted of 384 adult patients with type 2 diabetes. The study design was a nonrandomized, parallel-group, clinical trial conducted during 18 months in the University of California, San Francisco internal medicine clinics. Interprofessional team care provided by primary care internal medicine residents, nurse practitioner students, and pharmacy students was compared with usual care by internal medicine residents only. Processes of care, clinical status, and health utilization were measured in both patient groups. Learner outcomes also were assessed and compared. Results At study completion, intervention patients more frequently received assessments of glycosolated hemoglobin (79% versus 67%; P = .01), LDL-C (69% versus 55%; P = .009), blood pressure (86% versus 79%; P = .08), microalbuminuria (40% versus 30%; P = .05), smoking status assessment (43% versus 31%; P = .02), and foot exams (38% versus 20%; P = .0005). Intervention patients had more planned general medicine visits (7.9 ± 6.2 versus 6.2 ± 5.7; P = .006) than did control patients. Interprofessional learners rated themselves significantly higher on measures of accomplishment, preparation, and success for chronic care than did the usual care learners. Conclusions Interprofessional team care by learners was effective in improving quality of care for adult patients with diabetes treated in general medicine clinics. The chronic illness framework resulted in more appropriate health care utilization.