Nowadays, due to the adverse health effects associated with exposure to asbestos, its inertization is one of the most important issues of waste risk management. Based on the research line of mechano-chemical and thermal treatment of asbestos containing materials, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of dry grinding on the structure, temperature stability and fibre size of chrysotile from Balangero (Italy), as well as standard UICC (Union for International Cancer Control) amosite and standard UICC (Union for International Cancer Control) crocidolite. Dry grinding was accomplished in an eccentric vibration mill by varying the grinding time (30 s, 5 and 10 min). Results show a decrease in crystallinity, the formation of lattice defects and size reduction with progressive formation of agglomerates in the samples after the mechanical treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that the final product obtained after 10 min of grinding is composed of non-crystalline particles and a minor residue of crystalline fibres that are not regulated because they do not meet the size criteria for a regulated fibre. Grinding results in a decrease of temperature and enthalpy of dehydroxylation (ΔHdehy) of chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite. This permits us to completely destroy these fibres in thermal inertization processes using a lower net thermal energy than that used for the raw samples.


(...) (I) conventional stubble mulch tillage; three practices where weed control was achieved with herbicides except for (II) one tillage operation performed as needed for weed control in early spring, (III) immediately after harvest, and (IV) late fall (october); (V) chemical weed control except for one tillage after harvest and one tillage the following summer; (VI) chemical weed control with three tillage operations just prior to wheat seeding; (VII) and no-till, all weed control achieved with herbicides. (...)


finishes of historic millwork and furniture is lightespecially sunlight. Sunlight can cause finishes to crack or flake and paints and stains to fade or disappear altogether. Even the cellular structure of the wood can be damaged, especially once the finish has broken down . With historic wood stains, the result can be a change in colorationor worse, its complete loss. Even after wood had been refinished in the course of restoration, continued, unprotected exposure to sunlight may neccessitate additional conservation work. As early as the 19th century, people were aware of the destructive nature of sunlight to interior furnishings . Curtains, Venetian blinds, and interior and exterior shutters were often used not only to keep rooms cool but to lessen color fading on the interiors of many buildings. With the advent of mechanical air-conditioning, the reliance on these traditional heat and light reducing devices has lessened, exposing historic interiors to increased risks of damage. Museums with particularly sensitive materials, such as paintings and fabric, have addressed the problem in a variety of ways. One approach over the past 20 years has been the use of ultraviolet (UV) light filters in windows. These filters are effective in largely blocking one type of harmful raysthose of ultraviolet radiation. A lO-year fade test of wood stains by the National Park Service, however, suggest that visible light passing through windows protected with UV filters can cause significant damage to certain types of stains. This Tech Note covers the I O-year fade test and also PRESERVATION


In this research we propose a new method for retail credit risk modeling. In order to capture possible non-linear relationships between credit risk and explanatory variables, we use a learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network. The model was estimated on a dataset from Slovenian banking sector. The proposed model outperformed the benchmarking (LOGIT) models, which represent the standard approach in banks. The results also demonstrate that the LVQ model is better able to handle the properties of categorical variables.


Abstract In the present investigation the essential oils of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. aerial parts obtained from wild sources and cultivated field were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil yields, obtained by hydro-distillation were 0.28 % in wild and 0.16 % in cultivated Chenopodium. The GC and GCMS analysis of the essential oils led to the identification of 18 components representing 90 % of the oils. The major component in wild sample was α-terpinene (44.68 %) followed by p-cymene (21.28 %) and ascaridole (17.89 %), whereas in cultivated sample ascaridole (44.96 %) was found in abundance. p-cymene (27.14 %) and α-terpinene (8.27 %) were other two major components in cultivated Chenopodium. Wild sample detected major fraction of monoterpene hydrocarbons, whereas as cultivated oil dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes. Study concluded that oil of C. ambrosioides originated from Uttarakhand region can be use pharmaceutical preparations along with combination of other desired molecules for industrial applications.


A detailed study of structural, electronic and optical properties of II–IV–N2 ternary compounds (II = Be, Zn; IV = Si, Ge) has been performed by means of ab initio density functional theory calculations. The germanium containing compounds were found to be direct‐gap semiconductors with gaps of 3.37 eV and 1.67 eV for BeGeN2 and ZnGeN2, respectively, with oscillator strength of direct transition comparable to GaN. Two other silicon containing compounds are characterized by indirect gaps of 5.19 (3.32) eV for BeSiN2 (ZnSiN2). Crystal structure being orthorhombic and lattice parameters for BeSiN2 and ZnSiN2 are in good agreement with the available experimental data. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Rapidly evolving digital media platforms have created an environment where communication can take place between anyone at any time and the traditional boundaries between internal and external communication have become porous and unpredictable. The technological facilitation and social acceptance of fast yet meaningful conversation through a range of media has created an expectation that organisations will engage in similar practices. This paper presents the findings of a research project designed to assess the efficacy of corporate communication at a Scottish university from the point of view of internal and external stakeholders. The qualitative research addressed questions of message, medium, audience, impact and exchange within the digital era of conversational communication where active stakeholder engagement with strategic developments, are drivers for success.


The invention relates to a preparation method by using Chinese medicine residue as a cultivation material of edible mushroom pleurotus ostreatus, which uses the Chinese medicine residue, banana peels, bran, sawdust and lime as raw materials, and is prepared by crushing, insolating, proportioning the materials and sterilizing; specific steps are as follows: respectively crushing the banana peels, the bran and the sawdust into granules; placing the bran, the sawdust and the Chinese medicine residue outdoors to expose to the sun for sterilizing and dewatering; mixing the insolated bran, sawdust and Chinese medicine residue with the crushed banana peels, and then adding water and mixing with the lime sufficiently and uniformly, sterilizing at high temperature to obtain the cultivation material. The preparation method has advantages as follows: the waste Chinese medicine residue from medicine factories and the banana peels are used for culturing high-quality edible mushrooms, the waste is changed into things of value, the production cost is saved, the cultivation period is shortened, the yield is increased, the mushroom contamination rate is reduced with no poison or harm, the eating is safe, the waste treatment difficulty is resolved without causing pollution, both the environmental purpose and the economic purpose are achieved, the operation is simple, and the industrial production is easy to achieve.


Composition is one of the essential parts in Chinese-language teaching. It will help students write better essays when we do this way in composition teaching if we teach them how to bring forth the new ones on imitation of the model essays in the texts they've learnt.


In time-invariant linear quadratic optimal control problems there is a hidden 'ideal model' automatically encoded into each performance index J. These hidden ideal models, which are themselves linear and lower order than the original plant, are not visible under cursory examination of J and have apparently been overlooked by many professors, textbook writers and industrial users of linear quadratic control theory. In this paper, a special cost-decomposition procedure is described that will uncover these concealed ideal models and clearly show their relevance to the original optimization problem. Three examples are worked out.


This paper presents using bit error rate (BER) measurements to evaluate operation correctness of traffic (input-output) interfaces in modem of very small aperture terminal (VSAT). Such functional tests are carried out, for example, when purchasing communication equipment for armed forces. Generally, available standards do not describe measurement procedures in this area. In this case, accredited laboratories should develop dedicated assessment methodologies. In this paper, we show the methodology for the VSAT modems, which is based on the BER measurements.


The present invention to the material in a conventional differently treated surface, while securing the wear resistance and high rigidity of the material itself, can increase the adhesion with the coating layer, to reduce the top coat coating during frequent material waste to a film sticking method production, the process relates to a multilayer coating method for cavitation erosion can be simplified, so that the fine irregularities formed on the surface of a material by spraying the hard particles to generate a compressive residual stress to a surface of the material with a curing the surface of the material fatigue and surface treatment step of performing a shot blasting (shot blasting) or shot peening (shot peening) to increase the strength, the surface treatment is completed and includes a multi-layer coating step of performing, intermediate and topcoat coating primer on the material in this order, and the primer coating step of said multilayer coating step, by using an organic primer to form a primer layer, a thermoplastic polyurethane Tan (TPU, thermoplastic polyurethane) for use in forming the intermediate coating step, and a group making a carbon nanotube film BP / TPU composite layer to penetrate the thermoplastic polyurethane solution a (carbon nanotube film, CNT film) to form the TPU layer and it characterized in that it comprises a top coat coating step of the adhesive.


The research is aimed at finding out how the teacher's strategy to help tunagrahita students in the new normal covid-19 in SLB country meulaboh western aceh and the obstacles teachers faced in asissting tunagrahita students in the new normal covid-19 in SLB country meulaboh western aceh. The study is fieldwork througha qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are conducted by obcervation, interviews, and documentation. As for the subject in this study are two teachers a specialist in tunagrahita, two teachers instead of a tunagrahita specialist, and headmaster in SLB country Meulaboh Western Aceh. Based on research it may be known that there are various strategies a teacher performs in helping tunagrahita students: individual strategies, kooperative strategies, interesting media use, using effective learning models and giving students motivation. Frequent obstacles include teachers who are difficult to guide tunagrahita students, the factors of students' parents, students parents still use cell phones, inadequate internet facilities, parents preoccupation, and a lack of understanding of IT


A sensitive selective and precise stability indicating-high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for Saxagliptin and Metformin in Tablet dosage form. An isocratic separation was carried out using Zorbax C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column and Potassium dihydrogen Phosphate: Methanol (60:40 v/v) as mobile phase.With quantification carried out at a wavelength of 248nm. The stability studies under stress condition of hydrolysis (acid, base), oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation were also carried out for Saxagliptin and Metformin.The Retention time of Saxagliptin and Metformin were observed to be 3.241and 2.191 minutes, respectively with theoretical plate count and asymmetry as per the ICH limits. The % assay of Saxagliptin and Metformin were 99.640% and 99.021%. The flow rate was found to be 1ml/min .The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed a good linear relationship for Saxagliptin and Metformin over a concentration range of 50-1500 μg/ml with correlation co-efficient of 0.999 for Saxagliptin and 0.999 for Metformin. The limit of detection and Quantitation were found to be 2.857,2.918& 9.52,9.72μg/ml, respectively.the method was validated as per ICH guidelines and it was found to be acccurate, precise and selective stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) for the determination of Saxagliptin and Metformin in tablet dosage form.


The conquest of the virgin soil territory is a folk epic, a great feat of labor on the part of Soviet people, and it will be remembered for centuries. In a period of eight years, 104,000,000 acres of new land were opened to agriculture in the steppes of Kazakhstan, Siberia, the Volga country, the Urals and other eastern areas of the nation. The sown acreage under all crops in our country rose by 30% as a consequence and in 1961 attained a figure of 204,600,000 acres. The history of world agriculture knows no comparable rate of growth of sown acreage. The virgin lands provide 40% of the country's grain procurements. In 1953, government grain purchases came to 1,900,000,000 poods. In 1961, the purchases grew to 3,200,000, 000 poods, chiefly as a consequence of the opening of the virgin lands. In terms of the scale of work performed and its significance to the economy, the opening of the virgin lands is a most enormous contribution by the Soviet people to the building of communism.


This study was an attempt to shed light on the relationship between perceptual learning styles and perceptual teaching styles of Iranian EFL learners and teachers. It further investigated the relationship between perceptual learning style and the age, gender, and proficiency of Iranian EFL learners. A total of 112 students and 23 teachers participated in this study. The data was collected using a modified version of Reid's (1987) perceptual learning/teaching style questionnaire. Then a comparison was made between the reported learning styles and teaching styles of all participants. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between perceptual learning style and perceptual teaching style. The analysis also showed that the learners' major learning style was kinesthetic and the teachers' major teaching style was group teaching. An observational analysis, however, did not corroborate these findings. As for the relationship between the learners' learning style and other independent variables, a significant relationship was found between perceptual learning style and the age of the


Introduction THE PURPOSE of this paper is to attempt a more complete definition of the normal sleep pattern of the monkey Macaca nemestrina and to investigate the electrical activity of the cortex and various deep brain structures during sleep by means of the electroencephalogram and the averaged evoked response to a sound stimulus. The majority of neurophysiological studies on sleep during the last few years have been primarily concerned with the cat. Lately, however, there has arisen some evidence that certain differences exist between sleep in the cat and sleep in the subhuman primate, 1,25 suggesting that, by phylogenetic affinities to man, other primates may assist materially in the elucidation of human sleep mechanisms. Extensive work has been carried out on the neurophysiology of sleep in the cat. 7,16,17,29 The natural sleep of cats is divided by most observers into two basic stages. 7,22 The first is one of


RAIN is a future environmental disaster, and a mythic story about adaptation in the never ending evolution of natureculture. It is an art based research project aimed towards a political environmental pedagogy, and preparation for a future that is already here.


Human cytomegalovirus DNA was isolated from infected cells by the Hirt method (B. Hirt, J. Mol. Biol. 26:365-369, 1967). The restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of DNA obtained in this manner were comparable with those of DNA extracted from purified virions. The "Hirt supernatants" were satisfactory for identifying individual cytomegalovirus strains by their DNA fingerprinting.


It is a thin optical disk, comprising a substrate having a light diffusion layer on at least one side of the substrate. The thin optical disk has the optical property that it has a degree of haze (haze) of not less than 98%, and is particularly suitable for use in flat displays.


This poster presents an example of data-driven workflows running on a SLURM+ALPS scheduled Cray machine at Pawsey Supercomputing Centre. This example adapts the de novo assembly software WGS-Celera, which originally has no SLURM support, to be able to dynamically request resources and distribute work through the hybrid scheduling system on Magnus, a Cray XC40 at Pawsey. The changes made to the code are uploaded to GitHub, and some insights about the adaptation are offered in this poster to benefit other users of Celera or other similarly-structured workflows around the world.


2 - WEL Cairns Newsletters - Trewern Archive Guide to Records - Joan Trewern was the Women's Electoral Lobby representative in Cairns.


Abstract The interest of the business world in the use of geographical information systems (GIS) to support business decision-making is growing rapidly. This growth presents opportunities and challenges for geography educators. This study presents a literature-based examination of issues that help clarify the significance of business interest in GIS to academia, with the goal of providing a starting point for the eventual design of curricula that address business needs. These issues include how GIS is perceived by business users, how these perceptions influence pedagogical and content questions, who should be teaching GIS, and the challenges that may accompany business-related opportunities. Review of the literature suggests an incompletely defined business perception of GIS, a need for a curriculum that emphasizes education over training, and substantial precedent for the participation of geographers in the instruction of business GIS.


Hospitals provide a considerable amount of questionnaires to patients, and their result data can be one of the significant measures to check a patient's current health. In many cases, however, such data utilization in another kind of healthcare services is unsatisfactory because patients cannot manage the data by themselves. We propose a blockchainbased medical questionnaire management system for data sharing. This system guarantees the integrity of questionnaire result data using characteristics of the blockchain. Furthermore, data in this system can be in interoperable with other systems because it is generated based on the international standard Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources. This paper explores how to use medical questionnaire result data for the lifelong healthcare of patient and better quality of health care services and enhance the security of personal medical records.


The paper is devoted to development of liquid rocket engine of low thrust which expends propellants: strong hydrogen peroxide with kerosene. The paper includes technical description of the engine, the main engine parameters and results of hydraulic test.


Some of Alzheimer's syndromes are investigated and it is demonstrated that principal reason of them is brain shrinking. In this situation size of holes in brain is smaller than natural state. Natural frequency of holes is calculated for healthy and Alzheimer brains and it is demonstrated that an applied ultrasound wave with this frequency can resonate oscillation of holes diameter and consequently can restore health of brain. Because novelty of this method, it is applied to healthy brain of sheep and this theoretical method is approved.


Continuous discharge of the organic pollutants from different industry into the environment has resulted in building up their high levels in various aquatic systems. River Hasdeo is largest tributary of Mahanadi, serves as the major source of municipal water supplies for domestic, irrigation and industrial purposes for korba town. Samples of water at four locations from the river were collected and analyzed for 20 physicochemical parameters and 8 heavy metals concentration. Throughout the study manganese and lead were quite higher in all samples and iron was 13 to 19 fold higher. Present investigation demonstrated that most of the physical and chemical parameters were exceeded from their prescribed limits which suggests all the samples are suitable for irrigation purpose but not for drinking use. If necessary actions should not be taken in future, the water quality will be seriously affected and ultimately it will cause environmental deterioration.


The reinsertion of a large hernia into the abdominal cavity provokes an increase in abdominal volume and pressure that can result in intra-abdominal hypertension. This, in turn, may generate a series of complex changes in cardiopulmonary physiology and induce severe respiratory insufficiency. At present, no objective method exists to evaluate the possibility of this respiratory complication occurring. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken to measure the respiratory consequences of abdominal volume restriction. The data obtained were used to construct a reference table, from which the reduction in FEV1 can be predicted according to the hernia volume reinserted. Thus, the surgeon has access to more accurate information, which greatly facilitates the treatment of large abdominal hernias.


Abstract. Many problems that decision makers have to solve concern strategic environments. In such situations, the structural uncertainty they must face is overcome by using their representations of reality: people take decisions on the basis of their cognitive maps. In collective high level decision-making, conflicts can rise among different frames and definitions of the problem. The process through which the actors can reach a joint solution has a bargaining nature. The decision-makers' cognitive maps contain, besides the personal view of the problem to be solved, the perception of the position and bargaining power of the other actors. Strategic moves (commitments, threats…) can modify the partners' perceptions of the possibilities of success of their policy. As such, the decision-makers' cognitive maps finally become "complementary", permitting an agreement.


A 29 year old man who lived alone was brought to his local casualty department by his mother. He had been unwell for about three days with nausea, difficulty finding words, and headache. On the day of admission he had slept late and his symptoms had become worse. He reported to his mother by telephone that he was unwell and was not going to work. That evening she found him confused, unable to stand, and unable to answer questions. His rented flat was heated by gas appliances which had not been serviced recently. On arrival at the accident and emergency department of his local hospital he was found to be tremulous, agitated, nauseated, and unable to answer questions. He was pale, sweaty and unable to stand, his tendon reflexes were brisk but his plantar responses were normal. Neck stiffness and fever were absent, fundoscopy was normal. Carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) was 18%, confirming carbon monoxide poisoning. The arterial pH was 7.37. In view of the profound neurological symptoms and signs he was transferred 50 miles by ambulance for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Treatment started 10 hours after presentation with 60 minutes of oxygen therapy at 18 metres depth (partial pressure of oxygen 2.8 bar) and a 30 minute decompression, during which the patient continued to breathe 100% oxygen. He remained unable to report the day, date, or year. Short term memory problems persisted and he remained drowsy and confused. Because of his incomplete recovery, further HBOT was given. After four further HBOT sessions he knew the month and year and that he was in a hospital in Gosport, but his short term memory remained poor. He correctly performed a serial 7s test from 93 to 72 but could not continue. In view of this objective improvement, further HBOT was given. After a total of 11 HBOT sessions he was fully oriented, serial 7s had improved, and short term memory was better; however, response to each treatment was decreasing. In view of his incomplete recovery a magnetic resonance scan of the brain was performed (see fig 1). A mass was identified, which enhanced after an intravenous injection of gadolinium, in the left occipitoparietal region of the brain. The mass was surrounded by a significant amount of oedema and was causing midline shift. The radiologist's report of glioblastoma multiforme was subsequently confirmed by brain biopsy. This patient undoubtedly had carbon monoxide poisoning in addition to his brain tumour. The relative contribution of the carbon monoxide poisoning to his cognitive abnormalities is unclear since he had a relatively low COHb. However, the initial COHb level does not correlate well with severity of poisoning' and our patient may have built up substantial tissue levels of carbon monoxide during repeated and prolonged exposure. It is the tissue poisoning (for example of cytochromes) rather than blood poisoning which determines severity of carbon monoxide poisoning.2 It is our practice to continue HBOT until either the patient is fully recovered or no further improvement occurs despite repeated HBOT. This patient received a total of 11 treatments, which is most unusual; the maximum number given to any patient in the period 1991-95 was three in a series of 48 cases. We speculate that the continued improvement after multiple exposures to HBOT was not due solely to its effect in carbon monoxide poisoning and that it influenced the oedema


The overthrow of the government of Hugo Chavez in Venezuela and its reinstatement has given a new lease of life to the revolutionary processes unleashed since the constitutional victory of 1998 by the Fifth Republic Movement. The aftermath of the recent putsch affords an opportunity for stocktaking.


VSC-HVDC systems are being increasingly employed in the power systems. The recently installed HVDC systems have a power capacity similar to traditional power plants. Hence, they are expected to have a similar behaviour as traditional synchronous generators during faults in AC grid, within their limits of course. Recent grid codes require HVDC converter stations to incorporate fault ride-through (FRT) capabilities in order to avoid HVDC converter station disconnection from AC grid for certain fault characteristics. In this paper, two FRT mechanisms are suggested for the two converter stations of an HVDC system. One FRT mechanism is added to the DC voltage control loop of the master converter station, while the other FRT mechanism is added to the active power control loop of the slave converter station. The objective is to ensure the stable operation of the HVDC system during faults that may occur in AC grids located on both sides of the HVDC system. The performance and stability of the suggested FRT mechanisms are tested considering the pre-fault power flow direction and all possible types of balanced and unbalanced faults. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the FRT mechanisms and revealed the critical modes during FRT operation.


The Internet … for many it is already as familiar as the telephone, but still, for most it represents a murky 'thing somewhere out mere', fraught with hip teenager speak, and best left to the next generation, that is, if it survives 2000.1 Less known to intensely untechnical and technophobe mortals like the majority of lawyers is that the Internet really provides some incredibly powerful professional tools. Even those familiar with it lack the time to make full use of its potential; they (but more likely, their secretaries and research assistants) will use the well-known, fee charging on-line research facilities and little else. There is, however, an incredible wealth of relevant national and international arbitration and related material available on the Internet, and what is more, at no charge at all.

The Internet will, quite soon, profoundly change the way we exercise our profession. It is already possible to conduct a fully on-line arbitration, and although it is limited for the time being to disputes concerning Internet domain names,2 the first steps have been made, and there will be no holding back. For the time being, however, the Internet provides a law library like few of us have ever dreamed of having. It is becoming obvious that traditional legal information providers, like documentation centres and legal publishers, are changing their approach to retain their place also on-line.

Surprisingly and unfortunately, a deep chasm separates the on-line world from the off-line world. The high-tech Internet aficionados, like ghosts in a virtual afterlife, seem unable to get through to common terrestrials and jealousy guards their secrets from the low-tech part of the population, because they only use the Internet to share them. Also, although there are many inordinately expensive hooks about how to get familiar with cyberspace, nobody will tell …


This paper introduces an approach to interactively compute two-sided refraction on GPU and gains comparable realistic effects with ray tracing, while most current interactive techniques are restricted to single refraction. Our approach is also efficient for total internal reflection (TIR). When processing rigid movable object, we render the object's normal to a cube map first before entering the render loop. And for deformable object, the object's normal is rendered to a cube map at each frame. Then we compute the back interface refraction point by binary search in fragment shader. At last the refracted color is determined by indexing into a distant environment cube map using the second refracted ray as texture coordinate. Because our approach can fully exploit the capabilities of GPU, it achieves realistic refraction results and interactive frame rate even for fairly complex objects on common PCs.


LDPC(Low-Density Parity-Check) code is one kind of new generation error-correcting code of high performance,which has been attached importance to recent years.Because of approaching the Shannon limit,easily implement and low complication,it has momentous significance to improve the capability of digital communications.This paper reviews the development of error-correcting codes first,then introduces the basic principles and the structure of LDPC coding especially.It also gives the performance comparison between the LDPC and other codes.Finally,Its current research development and applications in communications technology are pointed out.


Abstract 671 Gene therapy with gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors has shown its potential for the treatment of inherited hematopoietic disorders. However, the occurrence of severe adverse events, namely the induction of leukemias in clinical trails for the treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-X1, chronic granulomatous disease and Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome due to insertional activation of proto-oncogenes by the integrated vector raised safety concerns. Lentiviral vectors are assumed to be safer due to their integration bias to transcription units in comparison to gammaretroviral vectors that have an integration preference to promoter regions and CpG islands. However, the recent report on the development of clonal dominance in a clinical trial for b-thalassemia mediated by deregulated gene expression due to alternative splicing after lentiviral insertion into an intron of HMGA2 highlights potential risks of lentiviral gene therapy. Here we report a case of B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia in a murine bone marrow (BM) transplantation model 199 days post transplantation of cells transduced by a lentiviral vector expressing eGFP from the human glycoprotein-I-b-alpha (GPIba) promoter (-286 to +309 relative to the transcription start site). The mouse developed leukocytosis (179×103/μl white blood cells counts) and leukemic infiltrations were found in the BM, spleen, liver and lung. The leukemia was clonal as determined by Southern blot analysis, derived from the donor cells as determined by the CD45.1 chimerism marker and reinitiated disease in secondary animals (n=7). Leukemic cells had the morphology of lymphoid blasts/progenitors, stained positive for the markers B220, CD43, and partially CD19 and were negative for IgM. We therefore concluded that the cells were arrested and the PrePro-B to Pro-B cell stage. Two lentiviral integrations were identified in the leukemic clone of which one was mapped to intron 8 of the Early B-cell factor 1 (Ebf1) gene, a major regulator of B-cell development. The other insertion site was detected in the first intron of the Nance-Horan-Syndrome-gene that has no known function in hematopoiesis and we could not detect altered expression of this gene. No further genomic alterations were identified by spectral karyotyping and Array CGH analysis. Because the vector contained various splice sites in its backbone and the internal GPIba promoter, we next analyzed potential splice products and detected mRNAs formed from splice events between Ebf1 exons 8 and 9 to the integrated vector. Some of these could result in early termination of the mRNA which would generate a truncated Ebf1 protein containing only the DNA-binding domain. However, the overall contribution of this early stop mRNAs was low (5% of total Ebf1 message) and we could not detect a truncated Ebf1 protein by Western blot. Overexpression of the truncated Ebf1 protein in a B-cell differentiation assay on OP9 cells in vitro did not interfere with B-cell development. In contrast, we found the Ebf1 full length mRNA to be ∼4-fold downregulated and the EBf1 protein in leukemic cells to be reduced compared to stage matched BM B-cell progenitors (CD19+CD43+). Genome wide expression analysis of leukemic cells compared to B-cell progenitors revealed downregulation of Ebf1 target genes and definite signs of transdifferentiation to the myeloid lineage as it was described upon loss of Ebf1 or its downstream target Pax5 in other studies. In addition, Gene Set Enrichment and Gene Ontology analyses suggested upregulation of genes implicated in JAK-STAT signalling. Indeed, we observed strong upregulation of Flt3 and high levels of STAT5 activation, in line with recent reports of B-cell leukemia development in Ebf1+/− mice overexpressing constitutively active STAT5 (Heltemes-Harris et al., J. Exp. Med 2011). STAT5 activation is also found in a large subset of human B-ALL and the occurrence of mono- or bi-allelic EBF1 deletions in human B-ALL is known (Mullighan et al., Nature, 2007). As the lentiviral integration was an early event in the leukemia development in our experiments, haploinsufficiency of Ebf1 will have been most likely the leukemia initiating event. Taken together our results highlight the risk of intragenic lentiviral vector integration of vectors containing splice sites that can induce alternative splicing, which, as shown here, may lead to inactivation of haploinsufficient tumour suppressor genes. Disclosures: Off Label Use: CliniMACS for selection of CD34+ hematopoietic cells.


Increasing the size of cache memory is a common approach for reducing miss rates and increasing performance in a CPU. Doing this, however, increases the static and dynamic energy consumption of the cache. Compression can be utilized to increase the effective capacity of cache memory without physically increasing its size. We can also use compression to reduce the physical size of the cache, and therefore reduce its energy consumption, while maintaining a reasonable effective cache capacity. Unfortunately, a decompression latency is experienced when accessing the compressed data. This affects the critical execution path of the processor and can have a significant impact on performance, especially when implemented in L1 cache. Previous work has used cache prefetching techniques to hide the latency of lower level memory accesses. Our work proposes the combination of data prefetching and compression techniques to reduce the impact of decompression latency and improve the feasibility of compression in L1 caches. We evaluate the performance of Last Outcome (LO), Stride (S), and Two-Level (2L) prefetching, as well as hybrid combinations of these methods (S/LO & 2L/S), in combination with Base-Delta-Immediate (B ? I) compression. The results demonstrate that using B ? I, in combination with data prefetching, provides performance improvement over B?I compression alone in L1 data cache. We find that a 4KB Hybrid S/LO prefetcher results in an average speedup of 1.7% and improvement to the energy-delay product of the CPU by 1.5% versus B ? I alone.


The authors measured the transformation temperatures of some high tensile structral steels under the thermal cycle similar to that of the H.A.Z. of welded plate, using a high sensitive rapid-action dilatometer and tried to find out the correlations among the hardenabilities obtained from I.LW. maximum hardness test and Jominy test and the crack sensitivity obtained from C.T.S. test. The results are as follows :1. Hydrogen considerably drops the end of transformation temperature down below that of virgin steel, and the increasing of the content decreases the end of transformation temperature.2. The end of transformation temperature decrease with the increase of Dearden and O'Neill's Ceq., and the smaller the cooling rate, the larger the rate of the decrase of the end of transformation temperature. Adopting the critical temperature of under bead crack determined by cottrell, we can obtain the critical Ceq. for under bead crack which may become the smaller with increasing hydrogen content.3. Hardness is not increased so much by adding hydrogen.4. Jominy's hardnesses show higher values then thase of the dilatometric specimens, under the same cooling rates with Jominy test.5. The crack sensitivity of H.A.Z. increases with The increase of the diffusible hydrogen of electrode and Ceq. of materials. This is to be construed as the decreasing of the end of transformation temperature with the increasing of hydrogen content and Ceq.. The increase of Ceq. drops the critical cooling rate for under bead crack, and the Si-Mn type steels seems to be inferior to vanity type steels.


The results of studies of influence on properties particleboards (PB) technology factors (temperature and duration of hot pressing, the expense phenol-cardanol-formaldehyde resins and a sodium carbonate). The statistical methods defines and analyses the regress equations. Rational values of technology factors for manufacturing moisture resistant PB, requirements Russian and European standards are found.


Towards the end of his life, Cervantes returned nostalgically to his earlier days as a playwright, and in 1615 he published eight full-length plays that had never appeared on stage. As with most of his output, Cervantes strayed from form and convention and criticized the trendy theatre of the day that seemed to pander to the masses. This chapter explores the plays that Cervantes chose to publish in the same year as the second part of Don Quixote as a collection, and how his resistance to and departure from established norms are representative of his marginalization in the literary and theatrical world. In fact, they serve as a direct reaction to the comedia nueva.


The notion of second-order relative spectrum of a self-adjoint operator acting on a Hilbert space has been studied recently in connection with the phenomenon of spectral pollution in the Galerkin method. In this paper we examine how the second-order spectrum encodes precise information about the multiplicity of the isolated eigenvalues of the underlying operator. Our theoretical findings are supported by various numerical experiments on the computation of guaranteed eigenvalue inclusions via finite element bases.


Taiwan CDC received 2,236 reports of new HIV infections in year 2014. With 8 cases less than year 2013, this number of new reports showed the first decline trend since 2009. Among the cumulative 28,710 cases, 26,892 (93.7%) were male, 1,818 (6.3%) were female, with sex ratio of 14.8:1. Among the 2,236 new cases in year 2014, 2,176 (97.3%) were male and 60 (2.7%) were female, with sex ratio of 36.3:1; the sex ratio was reduced compared to year 2013. Among the cumulative cases, 92.9% were aged 15-49 years old; while among the new cases in year 2014, 979 (43.8%) were aged 25-34 years old, followed by 15-24 years old (658 cases [29.4%]). Southern and Taipei regions showed increasing trend (8.3% and 2.9%, respectively) compared to year 2013, but the other regions showed declining trend. Among the cumulative cases, the main risk category for HIV infections was sexual contacts (74.9%), followed by drug injection users (23.8%). Among those within the sexual contacts risk category, 75.3% were men who have sex with men (MSM). This article summarized the national HIV trends, analyzed data by adopting the UNAIDS goals and WHO's Second Generation Surveillance concepts, determined the risk factors, and compared to international countries, to better promote national strategy and control of HIV in Taiwan.


The aim of our work is to make the wealth of information on the World Wide Web more readily available to blind people. We wish to enable them to make quick and effective decisions about the usefulness of pages they retrieve. We have built a prototype application called BrookesTalk which we believe addresses this need more fully than other Web browsers. Information retrieval techniques based on word and phrase frequency are used to provide a set of complementary options which summarise a Web page and enable rapid decisions about its usefulness.


The way of 'confession' narrated by female authors in the 1990s can be distinguished from the way of self-narration applied by male authors before. As for Jeong Yi-hyeon, confession is the strategy for the subject of discourse to gain the validity and also the narrative device realizing the narrator's will for power. Through the device of confession, the subject of confession creates her own world that cannot be intervened by the others' truth. At this point, Jeong Yi-hyeon is different from other feminist authors. Even if she has definitely succeeded on the narrative method of confession from female authors in the 90's, Jeong Yi-hyun is creating another meaning by adopting their method. She presents the subject and the object the author desires by the method distinguished from confession shown in the former women's narrative. Jeong Yi-hyeon's confession is differentiated from that of Woman Novels in the 90's. She gropes the possibility of poverty and the power of love with the method of confession. Besides, she attempts to crack and dissolve the capitalism order through "Baeksu"(an unemployed person), the minority in the capitalism. It is the affirmation about poverty to form a new world escaping from the governing of the capital after romantic love and it is the search for concrete possibility of new Feminist Autonomia.


A new method for approximating spatiotemporal noise covariance for use in MEG/EEG source analysis is proposed. Our proposed approach extends a parameterized one pair approximation consisting of a Kronecker product of a temporal covariance and a spatial covariance into 1) an unparameterized one pair approximation and then 2) into a multi-pair approximation. These models are motivated by the need to better describe correlated background and make estimation of these models more efficient. The effects of these different noise covariance models are compared using a multi-dipole inverse algorithm and simulated data consisting of empirical MEG background data as noise and simulated dipole sources.


[1] A new technique is presented for estimating time-averaged, upper ocean geostrophic velocity from a combination of altimeter data and subsurface float data. The technique makes uses of the strong relationship between sea-surface height anomaly and anomalous velocity at depth to reduce mesoscale eddy variability in subsurface float displacements. The technique is demonstrated on a region in the North Atlantic that was well sampled by Argo floats. The 2004 through 2006 time-averaged density field was estimated from the surface to 2000 db by combining altimeter and hydrographic data from the floats. In addition, a reference velocity field was estimated at 1000 db based on a combination of altimeter data and subsurface float displacements. The reference velocity field was combined with geostrophic shear based on the density field to produce a three-dimensional estimate of geostrophic velocity from the surface to 2000 db. The Gulf Stream transport in the upper 2000 db is estimated to be 76 Sv at 73°W. In addition, an estimate of the 3-year average dynamic height at the surface was computed by combining the 1000-db reference dynamic height and the time-averaged density field.


of time. Fortunately it was very promptly controlled by means of the icebag, and care was taken not to allow it to reach anything like such a height again. I have great confidence in the icebag for controlling pyrexia, in children, and in this case it acted promptly and never failed in bringing about the desired effect. The intracerebral method of injecting the serum has been used in many cases in adults, on the ground that the remedy is more quickly and more effectually brought into contact with the nervous sy2tem. Full accounts of cases are given by Dr. Semple' and Dr. Gibb.2 The operation could have been easily performed through the open fontanLelle of the infant.


A synopsis of Moraea, a genus of African Iridaceae is presented. This summarizes, in systematic sequence, the subgenera, sections and species from revisions published over a period from 19731977, covering the genus over its entire range. The synopsis includes all taxonomic changes made in the later revisions and places the four species of Moraea transferred here from Homeria in 1980. Six new species, M. linden, M. flexuosa, M. vallisavium, M. longiaristata, M. atropunctata, and M. calcicola and one new subspecies, M. villosa subsp. elandsmontana are described; M. robusta is raised from subspecies status in M. galpinii.


Can body (1) with a can wall (2) closed shaped envelope passes around a can axis and a bottom (3) configured on a front side of the can wall (2), wherein at least in a partial area of the bottom (3) a covering (7) outside configured as a flat material and is fixed to a connecting region (3b, 3b?) ring of the can body (1) wherein a decorative layer (4) is configured on the outside of the can wall (2) in the form of at least one color layer, but preferably as a decorative foil (4?), and the decorative layer (4) extends at least to the outer edge of the bottom cover (7).


This paper aims to develop a dynamic network assignment simulation model for estimating the effects of availability information provided by Parking Guidance and Information Systems. The model includes car parks in the network and describes drivers' behaviour of car park choice and route choice. The interaction between drivers'behaviour and system performance is also considered. The differences of the effects of three types of availability information are compared through numerical examples. The number of vacant spaces information is found more effective than Full/Spaces information under less congested situation, while the waiting time information becomes the most effective under higher congestion.


Objective To observe the curative effect of acupoint application therapy on nausea and vomiting of uterine fibroids patient with postoperative continuous analgesia. Methods 120 uterine fibroids patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting were randomly divided into treatment group treated with acupoint application therapy and control groups treated with ondanstron intravenous injection. The therapeutic effects of two groups in 24 hours were compared. Results The therapeutic effects in treatment group were obvious compared with the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P 0.05). Conclusion The acupoint application therapy can effectively relieve the postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with uterine fibroids.


Objective To explore the feasibility of developing Parkinson's disease model induced by injecting FeCl3 into nigrostriatum,and to observe the protective effect of baicalin on the model.Methods The Wistar rats of drug-group were administered baicalin(78mg·kg-1·d-1) by oral for 1 week.The FeCl3(40μg) was injected into the unilateral substantia nigra(SN) on all rats.The dopamine neurons at the mesencephalon nigra were observed by tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) immunohistochemistry in the 5th week after injection.The iron contents were measured by iron stain.Results ①The head and body of animals was gradient toward side of the opposite injected mesencephalon after operated for 2-3 days,spontaneous rotation behaviors toward the opposite side of injected side and convuision and tetany for some rats.Some similar Parkinson's disease behavior appeared,such as thrill,hunchback on the 7th day after injection,mortality were reduced in rats of Baicalin-group rats.②Iron deposit in the nigrostriatum and lesions of the mesencephalon appeared on injected side in the model-group,but it weren't in rats of Baicalin-group.③The Nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons were decreased on injected side and this decrease could not be prevented by Baicalin treatment prior 1 week.Conclusion The lesion of the mesencephalon induced by FeCl3 injection is severe,and some similar Parkinson's disease behaviors can appeare.The results we report here offered support that the protective effect of baicalin on Iron gather and mesencephlalon lesion induced FeCl3 injection in rats.


Objective To observe the applicable value of bi-pedical strap muscular flap with throid perichondrium and epiglottis in the reconstruction of larynx function after partial.Method From March, 1992 to July, 2001, the 17 cases of glottic and superglottic carcinomas of larynx had received partial laryngectomy and the residual larynges were repaired using bi-pedical strap muscular flap with throid perichondrium and epiglottis.Results Eleven of the twelve glottic carcinomas and five supraglottic carcinomas patients were decannulated and recovered laryngeal functions,and the patients rehabilitated deglutition later 15-20 days after surgery. Three-year survival rate was 76.5%.Conclusion Epiglottis and bi-pedical strap muscular flap with throid perichondrium have many advantages in the reconstruction of larynx function after partial laryngectomy.lt is easy to approach and apply, and can improve the life quality of the patients underwent partial laryngectomy.


Tank bottom pressure was measured with manometers at five specific locations for a standard cylindrical vessel of 0.2 m diameter and stirred with six a bladed rushton turbine (RT), upward and downward pumping six 45 'Pitched disc turbine (PBDTU and PBDTD respectively) and downward pumping six 45 Pitched blade impeller (PBD). Plots of pressure versus impeller speed indicates that initially the pressure increases with speed but after reaching the just-suspension speed, the values either increased, decreased or remain constant. For each impeller it was found that the pressure value of the sensor located at the point (or the nearest point) where the last particle is suspended, the variation in pressure values is predictably clear. With this observation a new criterion for just-suspension speed is defined.


The purpose of writing this review is to determine the role of reproductive technology in increasing the population of pigs after the African Swine Fever (ASF) outbreak. The method used in writing this review is to search for published research articles using Google search and Science direct with the keywords African swine fever and Artificial Insemination (AI). The results of this review show that ASF can reduce the population due to the high mortality rate, ASF can be transmitted through the reproductive organs but this can be overcome by utilizing IB reproductive technology. In addition, AI reproductive technology is also one of the reproductive technologies that can be used to increase the livestock population after the ASF outbreak. Based on the review, it can be ensured that artificial insemination reproductive technology is able to prevent ASF transmission and increase livestock populations after the ASF outbreak.


t all started in 1956. With official approval and support of the local beekeeping community, Warwick Kerr, a Brazilian researcher, imported a number of queen honey bees from Africa. The purpose was to obtain bees better adapted to the tropical parts of Brazil where European honey bees, which are from a temperate area, are not well adapted. Some of the African stock escaped before the breeding project was completed, however, and these bees interbred with local bees. Though aggressive, these hybrid, Africanized honey bees are the basis for Brazil 's successful beekeeping industry Beekeepers in Brazil use larger smokers than do American beekeepers.


A fragment of Semideciduous Submontane Forest, located in Vicosa-MG (20o35' to 28o50'S and 42o45' to 43o00'W), was studied. The data presented are the result of a phytosociological analysis carried out in an area of an hectare square. All trees wich a minimum trunk circunference of 0.15 m at 1.30 m from the soil level were sampled, comprising 121 species of 89 genera, distributed over 39 families. In regards to genera, the families most represented were Leguminosae (16), Rubiaceae, (six) and Euphorbiaceae and Myrtaceae, each with five genera. In regards to number of species, the most represented were Leguminosae (20), Lauraceae (ten), Rubiaceae (nine) and Flacourtiaceae (eight). The genera Ocotea and Casearia were the most prominent, showing seven and five species, respectively. Among the several stretches studied in the same region, the one presently studied had the largest number of especies, when the same sample criterion was adopted.


Background: Currently available combination antiretroviral therapy can successfully control HIV replication. However, conventional treatment lacks the ability to stop viral production and clear the latent reservoir, which remains the major obstacle towards a cure. Novel strategies are required to permanently disrupt the HIV genome in the latently infected cells. In this study we have investigated the potential of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to prevent HIV reactivation from latently infected cells and to target different steps in the viral lifecycle to halt viral replication.


A linear digital filter algorithm is applied to compute the electromagnetic (em) field response of a vertical magnetic dipole placed over the surface of an inhomogeneous earth model having linear variation of conductivity with depth. The problem is formulated for a multi-layer inhomogeneous earth model. The field components are derived for three layer transitional earth models with intermediate layer possessing linear variation of conductivity with depth. Results for the various field components, showing the effects of variation of transition layer thickness and conductivity contrast between the top and bottom layers are presented in the form of absolute-amplitude ratio of field components expressed as the function of numerical distance. The results depict characteristic dependence of the em response over conductivity inhomogeneity.


A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) is a multifunctional gene family that contributes to the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix, transduction of specific intracellular signals, organogenesis, inflammation, tissue remodeling, adhesion, and cell migration. ADAM17 is the best characterized sheddase, with widespread putative substrates, including various inflammatory modulators. ADAM10 is the most similar ADAM to ADAM17 in terms of both protein sequence and the structural properties of their catalytic domains. The objective of this work was to assess the expression of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in allergic rhinitis to gain insight into their respective roles.


An experiment was conducted at Adet, Simada and Debretabor experimental sites of Adet Agricultural Research Center in 2014 and 2015 cropping season under rain-fed condition to study stability and traits correlation of bread wheat genotypes. Twelve bread wheat genotypes were used as experimental treatments. The genotypes were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications per site. The results of AMMI analysis depicted significant differences among genotypes across environments (locations and years) (P≤ 0.001). According to the study, the performances of genotypes grain yield were highly affected by environments (locations and years) and the genetic composition of genotypes. The highest variation was accounted for by location (29 %) followed by genotype (18%) and location by year (18 %) and genotype by year (12%) effects. Based on AMMI, GGE biplot and stability coefficient analyses, G4, G2, G11 and G9 were wide adaptable and relatively stable genotypes all over the test environments (locations and years) than the checks, G7 (TAY) and G12 (Kubsa). Therefore, based on the adaptability and stability and overall mean grain yield of genotypes, recently released genotypes Gambo (G4), Ogolcho (G2) and Tsehay (G9) and relatively older genotypes Shorima(G11) and TAY (G7) could be recommended for production at test environments in the Western Amhara Region. However, there is a need to study the effect of environmental variation on the occurrence of rust disease. Keywords: AMMI, Correlation, GGE, Yield stability


The premise of the Children in North America Project lies in the kind of world we live in today, an increasingly interdependent, complex, and connected world. It is a small world where school children living in a desert state or a prairie province know all about a tsunami because of images of wreckage from a giant wave half a world away. As the globe shrinks, so too does North America. The continent that is shared by three nations, each with its own proud history, is becoming more economically, socially, and culturally integrated- through trade, investment, communications, human migration, education, travel, and cultural exchange. Children in the three nations are increasingly being exposed to similar consumer goods, media messages, and social trends. Moreover, for some children, increased economic ties imply drastic changes to their immediate surroundings and prospects - whether it is a child living in an American family without work because the local employer moved its operations to Mexico or a child living without a father in a Mexican town because many working-age men have left to seek jobs in the United States or Canada. The sheer scale of migration from Mexico to the United States and, to a lesser extent, to Canada is changing the face of the region and the lives of countless children. The Mexican-born population in the United States more than doubled between 1990 and 2000, going to over 9 million people, according to U.S. Census data. Remittances from Mexicans working in the United States to families back home amounted to over 16 billion U.S. dollars in 2004 (as estimated by the Central Bank of Mexico), roughly 1.5 percent of the country's GDP. Added together, the sums that migrants send back home surpass Mexico's revenues from tourism, foreign aid, and foreign direct investment. The Children in North America Project is exploring these new realities. It is building a new knowledge base about children across the continent. That knowledge base includes measures of child well-being and the local, national, and tri-national contexts or environments in which families live. These data tell the story of a diverse population of children characterized by profound differences in their well-being and security both within countries and across the region. Through this project, we hope to build a better understanding of how our children are faring and the opportunities and challenges that they face looking to the future. Our goal is to inspire and mobilize action to make the lives of all children in North America better, to ensure that no child is left behind.


Aims:  To determine if: time from blood culture inoculation to positive growth (total time to positive) and time from blood culture machine entry to positive growth (machine time to positive) is altered by delayed entry into the automated blood culture machine, and if the total time to positive differs by the concentration of organisms inoculated into blood culture bottles.


AIM:To investigate the effects of cyclosporin on oxidative stress and mitochondrial energy metabolism in the rat hippocampus after status epilepticus.METHODS:Status epilepticus was induced by pilocarpine.The changes of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in the rat hippocampus with or without cyclosporin injection were evaluated.Additionally,the mitochondrial permeability transition,the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I / III and ATP content in the rat hippocampus were detected.RESULTS:Cyclosporin significantly inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition in the rat hippocampus after status epilepticus.Decreased malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase levels were detected in cyclosporin treatment group compared with status epilepticus group(P 0.05).Moreover,the activity of mitochondria respiratory chain complex I,not III,in the mitochondrial fraction increased after cyclosporin treatment(P 0.05).In addition,cyclosporin significantly prevented the decrease of ATP content in rat hippocampus after status epilepticus(P 0.05).CONCLUSION:Cyclosporin suppresses oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus after status epilepticus.Cyclosporin alleviates the impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism in rat hippocampus after status epilepticus.


This paper aims to explore, within a contemporary psychoanalytic framework, the meaning of two historically related concepts: demonic possession and evil. These dramatic and age-old portrayals of psychological abnormality are worth investigating for two reasons; firstly, because of their persistence within a Western culture ostensibly dominated by rational and scientific discourses and, secondly, because their supernatural status has traditionally served to insulate them from secular psychological interpretation. This paper will argue that evil and demonic possession are useful metaphors for understanding destructive aspects of human psychological functioning, and that, despite their historical location in supernatural discourses, they are comprehensible in secular psychological terms. Psychoanalysis employs rational concepts to understand these 'supernatural' phenomena. However, this paper concludes by questioning whether the ontological status of the internal world portrayed by psychoanalysis is fundamentally different to the mythical universe of supernatural forces and demonic entities.


Purpose: By investigating the MACC1 gene (metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1) in cancer stem cells (CSC) resistant to chemotherapy and in cancer stem cells (CSC) resistant to chemotherapy and in cancer cells (CS) sensitive to chemotherapy we determineda steady expression in both types of cells in head and neck cancer. In conformity with the result we examined if this gene could be a competitor gene for chemotherapy. According to literature, the MACC1 gene shows a clear expression in head and neck cancer cells [1]. Here we examined MACC1 expression in CSC and investigated it as a possible biomarker. Methods: Our experiments were performed in the UT -SCC -74 in primary head and neck cancer cell line. We examined the MACC -1 gene expression by Real Time PCR from both isolated CSC and CS. Results: Expression of MACC -1 gene of cancer stem cells showed an two-fold increase compared with cancer cells. Based on the positive expression of MACC1 in both CS and CSC, this gene may serve as a potential biomarker in head and neck cancer. By comparing the results of this study with the novel features of MACC1, two important hypotheses could be examined. The first hypothesis is that MACC1 is a possible transcripton factor in colon cancer, which influences a high expression of CSC in head and neck and affects the expression of three biomarkers of the CSC control group biomarkers. The second hypothesisis is that the positive expression of MACC1 in patients with a malignant prognosis of tongue cancer, which belongs to head and neck cancer types, operates a faster development of CSC to cancer cells. SUPPLEMENT © 2016 CIM Clin Invest Med • Vol 39, no 6, December 2016 S77 Correspondence to: Esra Gunduz, DMD, PhD Turgut Ozal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics Yunus Emre Mah. Takdir Cad. No:5, Yenimahalle, Ankara, 06170, TURKEY E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Clin Invest Med 2016; 39 (6): S77-S81. Cancer cells are growing and dividing cells that are rapid and irregular. Although cancer cells are frequently generated in the body, cancer disease occurs whenthe immune system fails to recognize and/or destroy them [2]. The reason of this inability is due to a weakness in the immune system and recent research has shown that the failure to recognize cancer cells is caused by the lack of particular co-stimulated molecules that help antigens to react with lymphocytes [3]. Cancer stem cells have the capacity to give rise to all kind of cells of a particular cancer sample. These cells are in connection with the other normal stem cells.   Cancer stem cells (CSC) may generate tumours through the stem cell processes of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types. Such cells are hypothesized to persist in tumours as a distinct population and cause relapse and metastasis by giving rise to new tumours. Development of specific therapies projected at cancer stem cells holds hope for improvement in survival rates and quality of life for cancer patients, particularly for patients with metastatic cancer disease. The effect of cancer treatment in the first stages of testing is often measured by the ablation fraction of tumour mass (fractional kill). As CSCs form a small proportion of the tumour, this may not necessarily choose for drugs that act specifically on the stem cells. The theory proposes that conventional  chemotherapies  kill differentiated or differentiating cells, which form the developement of the tumour but do not generate new cells. A population of CSCs, which gave rise to it, could remain untouched and cause relapse [4]. In different tumour subtypes, tumours are composed of cells with the differentiation and proliferation capacity, because these cells within the tumour population exhibit functional heterogeneity [5]. MACC1 (metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1) is a gene associated with colon cancer that functions as a key modulator of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF; MIM 142409)-HGF receptor (HGFR, or MET; MIM 164860) pathway. This pathway plays an active role in cellular growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, cell motility, invasiveness and metastasis. The expression of MACC1 in colon cancer (MIM 114500) counts as a novel biomarker for metastasis formation and also for survival free of metastasis [6]. MACC1 expression is also found in gastric cancer, tongue squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. The MACC1 gene was firstly identified by a genome-wide search for several expressed genes in human colon cancer tissues, metastases and normal tissues. The expression was examined in primary colon cancers without any metastases and the negative and positive prediction for not synchronous metastasis was correct in 80% and 74% of cases, respectively.Patients with low MACC1 expression had a 5-year-survival of 80% in contrast to patients with high expression with a survival of only 15% [7]. This gene activates the HGF/Met transcription pathways by inducing migration, invasion and proliferation (in cell cultures). The presence of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) results in translocation of MACC1 into the nucleus, where it links with the promoter of the receptor tyrosine kinase, Met [8-11]. Materials and Methods Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells Experiments were performed in the UT -SCC -74 in primary head and neck cancer cell line. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line (UT-SCC 74A; University of Turku Squamous Cell Carcinoma) was kindly provided by Prof. Reidar Grenman (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland). To isolate the cancer cells and CSC, a 12 well plate Evran et al. MACC1 expression in cancer and cancer stem cells © 2016 CIM Clin Invest Med • Vol 39, no 6, December 2016 S78 Figure 1. Gradient PCR results for the MACC1 gene. with 8,000,000 cells was used. ALDH 1 surface markers were used to separate the CSC from this cell population [12]. RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis After 48 hours, RNA isolation of these two cells types was performed. cDNA was prepared from this RNA sequence as described previously [12]. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR Finally, we examined the MACC -1 gene expression using Real Time PCR [12]. The primers designed for MACC1 gene are shown in Table 1. Results Primers were optimized for MACC1 gene and PCR products were detected at the same size as expected at 66°C (Figure 1). Real Time PCR analysis was performed to detect the MACC 1 gene of cancer stem cells and cancer cells. Our results displayed a two-fold increase in MACC1 gene expression of CSC compared with cancer cells (Figure 2).


Bethany Boddy considers the need for holistic assessment of appointments where children were not present, and the importance of considering that a child was not brought, rather than did not attend


Many scenarios require access to locations that are difficult to reach; however, mobile and untethered robots for these applications operate on a limited reserve of energy. Researchers often design robots specifically to be able to wait for periods of time in low-power states, conserving energy, and protecting hardware during periods of inactivity. In this letter, we introduce a temporary anchor using a low-power hybrid electrostatic/gecko-inspired adhesive for robots such as quadrotors and wall-climbing systems to allow access to remote areas while providing the ability to safely hold a position for an extended duration. This letter presents a self-contained electrostatic and gecko-inspired adhesive anchor mechanism, which is particularly well suited for long-duration payload placement. With structural layers comprised of a rigid plate and a soft foam, this anchor distributes normal stress across the pad while maintaining the compliance required for effective use of the adhesives. This new approach to loading the hybrid adhesive increases the distance off-the-wall that a payload can be supported, even on rough surfaces. We model the capacity of the device and demonstrate carrying an 11.9 N load applied 12 mm off of a rough drywall surface with an adhesive area of 32 cm$^{-2}$. We also offer two innovations that extend the mission-duration of an electrostatic adhesive anchor. We show that polyimide, a common dielectric layer in flex circuits, is prone to failing over a period of hours while both polyethylene-terephthalate and polyethylene-napthalate films demonstrate long-term stability under the applied electrical field. Furthermore, to reduce the power consumption of the adhesive, we introduce the concept of power-cycling, and reduce power consumption by an order of magnitude while still maintaining over 85 percent adhesion strength.This temporary anchor can be scaled in size to suit a given application, with virtually no difference in power draw or required electronics.We model the payload capacity of the anchor, and demonstrate performance on a variety of surfaces.


Art philosophy,based on the art works,rationally grasps the existing situation of human beings.Studying Dunhuang art by philosophy method means to put it in the broad perspective,and to find the unknown relations behind it,so as to construct the aesthetic discourse with historical connotation and modern meaning.


The present investigation is concerned with the impact of thin plates used in chip building. The problem is studied both numerically with a particular finite element resolution and experimentally with an apparatus propelling the projectile with a crossbow. The initial speed of the projectile is about 30m/s. Loss of contact has been detected between the plate and the projectile during the impact. Presumably, the loss of contact is due to waves propagating in the plate and in the projectile. Strain gages are used to study the flexural waves propagating along the plate.


The present work is offers the project of an online resource for investigating the actual Brazilian academic panorama concerning CAAD education. The access to this information is given through the development of a website, which introduces the visitors to the actual Brazilian CAAD education situation, offers a questionnaire, accessible by everyone and builds up a visual information mapping the current state of CAAD education in the different regions of Brazil. The questionnaire is 14 questions long, and it's link has been sent via email to the addresses of the Brazilian faculties of architecture, being re-directed equally both to its students' committees and courses' coordinators. The objective is that, at its conclusion, the access to this information will lead to a better understanding of the CAAD education in Brazil. It can motivate discussions about curricula and CAAD's pedagogy. Through the analysis of its visualizations, maps, tables and statistics, it points special features in Brazilian education system, as well as give directions for further researches and pedagogic proposals.


1. My father, with his brisk, fumbling hands, should not have handled glass. He had failed to Jearn the fine science of matter not just once but many times beyond me. There was something about the softness of the wrong woman's lips that pressed his mind to the skeletons of ash, the ones tucked precariously between the thrum of his heart and the molting threads of his suspenders. He should have studied the nature of refracted light instead. After she left him, the woman he could not Jove said he had been haunted by a room of perfectly efficient mirrors, never grasping what it would contain except for the latent glow of its own intensity. What could she understand of a lapsed physicist with no consolation but the angel wings he carved out of sapphire shards? They were never meant for her, she knew: they belonged to his theory of faultless edges, as if he could encage transcendence in the grip of his shuttered windows. 2. On Sundays, we rise together in that blistering, early-morning blue. The sunlight floods the kneeling angels' faces with some fear or awe that is almost alive. It is never in their wings: I've traced them closely through the service because I do not believe in god, and you hold my hand although you say I have placed my faith in a science no Jess terrifying than yours. I am here because you are here. Because I've heard you say you Jove me and caught the prayer in that same exhaling breath, because when you bend your head over your Bible although you do not need the words I see how you might look when you are whole and brimming to your edges and yet alone. Because there is a certain peace as the angels wait for you to find me again, to pull closer


Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and Li7La3Zr2O12-poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) films were introduced to both Li and non-Li anodes. Via the recombination of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-Li7La3Zr2O12, the ionic conductivity of the anodes has been greatly improved, and the deposition/plating barrier has been decreased. On the one hand, the thin film introduced upon lithium metal ensures cyclic stability in both symmetrical cells and full cells. The Li metal with Li7La3Zr2O12-poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) films behaved stably over 500 h with little increase in polarization. On the other hand, the modification upon Cu foil provided a long cycle life over 300 cycles in Li–Cu cells. When the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-Li7La3Zr2O12@Cu foil (non-Li anode) failed, a type of self-protected mechanism was activated, ensuring better mechanical properties and safety.


In this paper presents an integration of battery with a PV grid tied based single phase microgrid with multifaceted facilities. The proposed PV-battery grid tied system has capability to perform in dual mode i.e. grid integrated mode and islanded mode, according to the availability of grid. The proposed system has multipurpose control for VSC (Voltage Source Converter), for power transfer, harmonic elimination and provides power balance to the microgrid. The purpose of this system is to supply uninterrupted power to the load at less PV generation or grid fault condition or at peak load condition by using a battery. This system is modeled in MATLAB and developed model is used to simulate its performance. Simulation results are analyzed the performance and the response of microgrid with an adaptive algorithm with frequency and voltage control under mode transition condition.


The communists of China in France, studied the essential principles of Marxism eagerly, and established a definite outlook of Marxism at last. They also demonstrated more mastery of Marxism's theories than their internal comrades. They introduced Marxism-Leninism from abroad eagerly, among them Cai Hesen discussed theories of the proletarian dictatorship , he advocated to found The Communist Party of China according to Lenin's principles , he also had a huge influence on Mao Zetong and promoted him to found a communist party in Hunan Province.


The recent development and adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is due to its wide variety of applications in public and private sector from parcel delivery to wildlife conservation. The integration of UAVs, 5G, and satellite technologies has prompted telecommunication networks to evolve to provide higher-quality and more stable service to remote areas. However, security concerns with UAVs are growing as UAV nodes are becoming attractive targets for cyberattacks due to enormously growing volumes and poor and weak inbuilt security. In this paper, we propose a UAV- and satellite-based 5G-network security model that can harness machine learning to effectively detect of vulnerabilities and cyberattacks. The solution is divided into two main parts: the model creation for intrusion detection using various machine learning (ML) algorithms and the implementation of ML-based model into terrestrial or satellite gateways. The system identifies various attack types using realistic CSE-CIC IDS-2018 network datasets published by Canadian Establishment for Cybersecurity (CIC). It consists of seven different types of new and contemporary attack types. This paper demonstrates that ML algorithms can be used to classify benign or malicious packets in UAV networks to enhance security. Finally, the tested ML algorithms are compared for effectiveness in terms of accuracy rate, precision, recall, F1-score, and false-negative rate. The decision tree algorithm performed well by obtaining a maximum accuracy rate of 99.99% and a minimum false negative rate of 0% in detecting various attacks as compared to all other types of ML classifiers.


Perfluorocarbon gases are commonly used for nanoscale etching in semiconductor processing; however, they have the disadvantages of a long lifetime and inducing global warming effects when released into the atmosphere. In this study, the SiO2 etch characteristics and global warming effects of C3F6O gas chemistry, which has a low global warming potential, were compared with those of C4F8 chemistry, which is commonly used in semiconductor processing. Using Ar/C3F6O, the SiO2 etch rate was higher and the etch selectivity of SiO2 over the amorphous carbon hardmask layer was lower than the etch rate and etch selectivity using Ar/C4F8/O2, with all other etch conditions the same. Furthermore, using Ar/C3F6O exhibited more anisotropic SiO2 etch profiles by suppressing the bowing, narrowing, and necking effects compared to the etch profiles using Ar/C4F8/O2. The global warming effects were evaluated by calculating the million metric ton carbon equivalents (MMTCEs) from the volumetric concentrations of the emitted by-product species and process gases, and the results showed that, in the optimized conditions, Ar/C3F6O exhibited a lower environmental impact with an MMTCE of <24% than that of Ar/C4F8/O2. Therefore, it is suggested that the Ar/C3F6O gas mixture is a potential replacement for Ar/C4F8/O2 because of its lower MMTCE and acceptable SiO2 etch characteristics.Perfluorocarbon gases are commonly used for nanoscale etching in semiconductor processing; however, they have the disadvantages of a long lifetime and inducing global warming effects when released into the atmosphere. In this study, the SiO2 etch characteristics and global warming effects of C3F6O gas chemistry, which has a low global warming potential, were compared with those of C4F8 chemistry, which is commonly used in semiconductor processing. Using Ar/C3F6O, the SiO2 etch rate was higher and the etch selectivity of SiO2 over the amorphous carbon hardmask layer was lower than the etch rate and etch selectivity using Ar/C4F8/O2, with all other etch conditions the same. Furthermore, using Ar/C3F6O exhibited more anisotropic SiO2 etch profiles by suppressing the bowing, narrowing, and necking effects compared to the etch profiles using Ar/C4F8/O2. The global warming effects were evaluated by calculating the million metric ton carbon equivalents (MMTCEs) from the volumetric concentrations of the emitted b...


The need for, and the content of, Land Management Plans as developed by the Department of Transmission Environment, Ontario Hydro is discussed. These plans are seen as a means of keeping field forces informed and of dealing with lands occupied by transmission lines that require special treatment because of ecological, social problems, or because of special commitments made to property owners or concerned groups. The treatment of these lands cannot be dealt with by general specifications.


This report provides information in support of a ''Notice of Intent to Discharge Water Contaminants,'' pursuant to Section 1-201 of the New Mexico Water Quality Control Commission Regulations. The anticipated discharges are not expected to move directly or indirectly into groundwater. These discharges will be caused by activities related to the construction of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), a US Department of Energy (DOE) research and development program to demonstrate the safe disposal of radioactive wastes resulting from defense activities and programs of the United States. The facility is to be developed in deep layers of bedded salt. The WIPP site is located in Eddy County, New Mexico, about 26 miles east of Carlsbad. The US Department of Energy, WIPP Project Office, Albuquerque, New Mexico, as the sponsor of the project, is responsible for any discharges from the site. The following sections describe generally the WIPP construction activities. Pertinent site conditions, potential sources of discharges and their expected effects, and proposed groundwater monitoring efforts are also described.


This paper shows the application of the resource allocation network (RAN) algorithm to the problem of electrical load forecasting in a Spanish utility company. The choice of the parameters of the algorithm is usually done manually. In this paper the possibility of automatic selection of parameters is investigated. These parameters are of paramount importance since they determine the final size of the network and its capacity to generalize to new situations. The number of training samples in this kind of problems is usually small. This fact has a strong influence in methods for obtaining neural models, but is rarely taken into account in the forecasting literature. The influence of the available training data is analyzed empirically.


The present invention provides a pre-treatment apparatus for an analytical metal sample, the apparatus including (1) a treatment chamber having a Sample charging port which can be opened and closed and provided at the top of the chamber, a Sample discharging port which can be opened and closed and provided at the bottom of the chamber, and a gas inlet and gas outlet, (2) a sample carrying bar joined to a sample holder also used as a Sputtering electrode, and provided to pass through at least one side wall of the treatment chamber So as to be Substantially horizontally movable and axially rotatable, and (3) a Sputtering counter electrode at least having portions arranged opposite to each other in a region not inhibiting the charge and discharge of an analytical metal Sample So that the Sample holder can be arranged in the counter electrode. The present invention also provides a pre-treatment method capable of Simply cleaning the Surface of the analytical metal Sample by using the pre-treatment apparatus and preventing re-contamination of the cleaned Sample by exposure to the air or the like. Furthermore, the present invention provides an analysis apparatus provided with the pre-treatment apparatus to permit high-accuracy quantitative determination of trace elements of metals.


Approximately 12%– 15% of multiple myeloma (MM) patients develop systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) during the clinical course.1 Treatment with daratumumab, cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone is becoming a standard of care for systemic AL amyloidosis patients according to the recently published phase3 ANDROMEDA trial.2 However, patients with coexisting MM have been excluded from the trial. Additionally, MM patients who have organ dysfunction associated with AL amyloidosis are often excluded from prospective MM therapeutic trials. This raises the need for appropriate therapeutic regimens for MM associated systemic AL amyloidosis patients. In the present retrospective cohort study, we analysed the 6 month haematological and organ response of daratumumab, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (DRd), a standard of care for newly diagnosed transplant ineligible MM patients,3 among MM patients with accompanying systemic AL amyloidosis at diagnosis. Data were collected from patients diagnosed with MM (more than 10% of bone marrow plasma cells with myeloma defining events or biomarkers of malignancy) with systemic AL amyloidosis (presence of an amyloidrelated systemic syndrome, positive amyloid staining by Congo red in tissues and evidence that the amyloid is light chainrelated) according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria,4 at Kumamoto University Hospital between November 2019 and April 2021. A total of 10 newly diagnosed patients, treated with DRd regimen upfront, were enrolled. All patients were considered autologous stem cell transplant ineligible due to their age or organ dysfunction. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kumamoto University Hospital and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The patient characteristics of the study are summarized in Table 1. Half of the patients were aged over 75 years old, and 80% of patients were stage 3 or 4 of Mayo 2012 staging system for AL amyloidosis.5 None of the patients were Mayo 2004 stage 3B, which is considered an especially poor prognosis subgroup with a median survival of 3 months.6 Nine out of 10 patients had cardiac amyloidosis according to the criteria of organ involvement in AL amyloidosis.7 Three patients had renal amyloidosis including one case with nephrotic syndrome. All patients initially received intravenous daratumumab (16 mg/kg/week) and were switched to subcutaneous daratumumab (1800 mg/ week) after its approval in Japan. Lenalidomide was taken orally from day 1– 21 and repeated every 28 days. None of the patients received more than 15 mg of lenalidomide per day, which was adjusted by each physician according to renal function and general conditions. Dexamethasone was given at 20 mg/week to all patients, considering advanced age or heart failure. On the data cutoff (1 December 2021), after a median followup time of 11.5 months, patients had received median 8.5 cycles of DRd treatment. Overall haematological response at 6 months from DRd treatment was 90% according to the IMWG uniform response criteria (Figure 1A)8 and 88.9% by the AL amyloidosis haematological response criteria (Figure 1B).9 More than 50% of the patients achieved a haematological response of very good partial response (VGPR) or better, which is known to be associated with significant improvement in survival of systemic AL amyloidosis patients.9 The presence of t(11;14) translocation is known to be associated with low bortezomib sensitivity in AL amyloidosis patients.10 No significant difference in haematological response by DRd treatment was observed between t(11;14) positive and negative cases. Chromosome 1q21 amplification was detected in the single patient without haematological response at 6 months post DRd treatment. Since nine out of 10 patients had cardiac involvement of AL amyloidosis, cardiac response was evaluated at 6 months post treatment. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was used for analysing cardiac response, due to limited access to Nterminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) at Kumamoto University Hospital. Eight patients had a baseline BNP ≥150 pg/ml and were analysed for cardiac response according to the recently established BNPbased criteria for evaluating cardiac response to treatment in AL amyloidosis.11 Although a previous study reported BNP elevation in AL amyloidosis patients treated with lenalidomide,12 four out of eight patients (50%) achieved cardiac response (Figure 1C) (≥50 pg/ml and ≥30% decrease in BNP).11 Among the three patients with renal amyloidosis, two patients without nephrotic syndrome achieved a renal response, while response of the patient with Received: 9 April 2022 | Accepted: 23 April 2022


Derek Edwards is Professor of Psychology at Loughborough University. His main interests are in the analysis of discourse and conversation and discursive psychology. His other books include: Discourse and Cognition (1997, Sage), Common Knowledge (with Neil Mercer, 1987, Routledge), Ideological Dilemmas (with Michael Billig and others, 1988, Sage), Discursive Psychology (with Jonathan Potter, 1992, Sage). Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Phylogenetic conservation of a liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and tobacco Nicoliana tabacum chloroplast genomes has been elucidated by a comparative study of the complete nucleotide sequences. The genome encodes about 120 species of genes including those for proteins involved in photosynthesis and protein biogenesis and a complete set of rRNAs and tRNAs.


A survey of shortest path methods is presented, focusing on their use in transportation models. All the algorithms described are shown to derive from one single prototype method, the difference between them depending only on the particular data structure used in their implementation. This analysis suggests a new classification of the shortest path algorithms. The single shortest path tree problem and the all pairs shortest path problem are both considered, the latter being particularly important in transportation models. Experimental results are illustrated to assess the relative efficiency of the algorithms. (TRRL)


Data mining is one of the highly researched areas in the present world due to the tremendous increase of data. With the increase in the data dimensionality in various domains, effectiveness and efficiency of traditional mining techniques are now a great challenge. So there arises a need to process large datasets, which produces several challenges for researchers. Many outlier-detection methods are used for detecting outliers. Outlier detection is the process of finding out the data objects having a different behaviour from expectations. Various algorithms have been proposed till date for the detection of the outliers. Data clustering proposes the division of database into groups of objects, depending upon the similarity among the objects. This paper covers a study of various clustering-based outlier-detection algorithms like K-means, Fuzzy K-means, Iterative K-means and depth-based clustering outlier-detection algorithm. Comparison study of these clustering-based outlier-detection methods is done to find out which of the outlier-detection algorithms are more applicable on high-dimensional data.


Patients presenting with adrenal masses require workup with catecholamine or metabolite measurements to rule out pheochromocytoma. There is a select portion of patients with marker negative pheochromocytoma. The aim of this study is to compare patient characteristics and presentations between marker positive and marker negative tumors.


The lack of problem-solving skills students possess impacts the low completion of physics description questions in class. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the e-module with the help of questions to train students' problem-solving skills that are suitable for use in learning activities in terms of their effectiveness in improving learning outcomes and achieving minimum completeness criteria. The type of research used is research and development using the ADDIE model, tested on 20 students of class X MIPA 2 Public High School in Banjarmasin. The data collection instrument used is the learning outcome test. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the electronic module was declared valid with an average validity score of 3.47 in the very good category, which was then continued at the field test stage to determine the effectiveness assessment of the electronic module so that it could be declared effective with an N-gain of 0.69 in the medium category. The research concludes that the electronic module developed is suitable for learning activities and can be applied to other learning.


OF THESIS ACHIEVING ULTRAFINE GRAINS IN Mg AZ31B-O ALLOY BY CRYOGENIC FRICTION STIR PROCESSING AND MACHINING This thesis presents results from the application of cryogenic cooling on multiple-pass friction stir processing and the subsequent orthogonal machining on friction stir processed and as-received Mg AZ31B-O disks, and shows their combined effects on microstructure and microhardness values. A simple friction stir tool, a specially designed fixture and liquid nitrogen are used to perform multiple-pass friction stir processing experiments on Mg AZ31B-O alloy. The friction stir processed and as-received sheets are then made into disks for the orthogonal machining experiments. This study analyzes the microhardness, microstructure changes by cryogenic friction stir processing and the effect of machining conditions such as dry, MQL and cryogenic and cutting parameters on the Mg AZ31B-O alloy. Four different speeds and three different feed rates are used for the orthogonal machining experiments. The effects of stirring parameters such as the translational feed, rotational speed, cooling conditions and the machining parameters are studied. The resulting microstructure and microhardness from these processes hold a key to the mechanical properties of the alloy. This analysis would help to understand and evaluate the specific aspects of grain size and microhardness that influence the fatigue life of a component.


pre-pressed to one-fifth in volume at a constant pressure and formed into disk shape with molding epoxy resin. In the range of fiber-powder ratio at which fibers are unravelable the total number of fibers lying in the cross-section of molded test piece was proportional to the initial fiber concentration being independent of the degree of dispersion state. The experimental values agreed well with the estimated number of fibers based on a simplified arrangement model. Therefore, it has been shown that evolution of fiber dispersion state could be discussed with the coefficient of variation, Cv. Further it ascertained that the bulk density of unraveled sample, ƒÏ0 of the fiber-powder mixture is one of the effective indices for expressing the degree of dispersion.


Satellite laser altimetry could soon play a key role in mapping poorly known ocean tides underneath Antarctic ice shelves. The amount of ICESat data now collected over the southernmost part of the Ross Ice Shelf is sufficient to warrant direct tidal analysis. Tides are estimated here from ten operational ICESat periods, totaling 363 days. A response analysis helps overcome unfavorable tidal sampling, especially an S2 correlation with the annual cycle. Comparisons of tidal estimates against independent station data show RMS constituent differences around 3 cm—still somewhat large, but an encouraging result for such a challenging region.