Objective To explore the time and dose-effect relationships of prostaglandin E 1(PGE 1) on pulmonary hypertension caused by rheumatic heart disease. Methods Eleven patients associated with pulmonary hypertension caused by rheumatic heart disease were selected. Swan-Ganz float catheter was inserted into pulmonary artery through right jugular just after anaesthesia. These indexes were examined both before and after using PGE 1 to study the effect on pulmonary hypertension;Those indexes were investigated after using PGE 1 at 0,5,10,20,30 minutes,respectively, to observe their time-effect relationship. Those indexes were also examined after using PGE 1 at the doses: 5,10,20,40,80 ng·kg -1·min -1 respectively, for their dose-effect relationship. Result ①After using PGE 1 20 ng·kg -1·min -1 5 minutes, there was no significant change (P 0.05); after using PGE 1 20 ng·kg -1·min -1 10 minutes, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mPCWP) decreased significantly (P 0.05); cardiac index(CI) increased significantly(P 0.05); after using PGE 1 20 ng·kg -1·min -1 20 and 30 minutes, the effect was no more significant(P 0.05). ②There was no significance after using PGE 1 at the dose of 5 or 10 ng·kg -1·min -1 (P 0.05). The changes of mPAP,mPCWP and CI were significant after using PGE 1 at the dose of 20,40 or 80 ng·kg -1·min -1 (P 0.05). Conclusion The effect is remarkable after using PGE 1 10 minutes and its effect is stable after 20 or 30 minutes. The optimal dose of PGE 1 is 20- 40 ng·kg -1·min -1.


On September 24, 2021, the Medical Service Act in Korea was amended to include provisions for the installation of closed-circuit televisions (CCTV) in operating rooms (ORs). CCTV installation in the OR has been raised as a necessity for several reasons, including ghost surgery, inappropriate behavior of medical personnel, and improper management of medical accidents.1 However, various reasons for objecting to CCTV installation also exist. These include the risk of leaking sensitive patient information, human rights violations of medical personnel in their professional practice, decreased quality of medical care due to defensive treatment and passive clinical practice, increased possibility of medical disputes, distrust in the patient-doctor relationship, a decrease in the number of doctors majoring in surgery, and the restriction of education for residents.2


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civilization is characterized by its peoples' culture, education, moral values and intelligence. Several archaeological evidences also highlighted the co-existence of educational growth and social prosperity simultaneously. In brief, education is a synchronised process of gaining knowledge, values, beliefs, abilities, and habits that are to be conveyed from one generation to the other by various modes of learning.


In this study, an attempt has been made to summarize our present knowledge of the lichen flora of Taiwan. The 396 species in 90 genera, 7 subspecies, 56 varieties and 3 forms which have been reported are listed, together with new additions made by the present authors.


A turntable of the recording disk drive device is arranged in the center of the plate member and the plate member made of a ferromagnetic material having a central resin member formed by injection molding of resin, and guide the disc center hole on the upper side of the central resin member a disk guide portion provided, and the middle resin member, the central resin, and when L which additional plurality of gate recessed upward from a member provided, the top surface of the plurality of the gate recess is located on the upper side of the plate member, wherein a plurality of gates is provided with the cut portion of the injection-molded on the top surface.


In order to improve the recognition ability of laser-warning machines in the complex laser threat environments in warfield,multi-channel laser emission synchronous control technology is proposed.And also the synchronous control scheme combining FPGA technology and photoelectric closed loop feedback correction technology is proposed.Experimental results show that the synchronous control precision of laser emission can reach less than 0.1μs.


The taxonomic identity of Musa flaviflora Simmonds (1956a) and Musa thomsonii (King ex Baker) A. M. Cowan & Cowan (1929) have been uncertain to most botanists and have fallen towards oblivion. These two species have also been erroneously synonymized by many botanists but are distinct species with different distributions, viz. M. flaviflora from the northeastern parts of India and M. thomsonii from Bhutan, Sikkim, the Himalayan hills of India and Yunnan, China. The aim of this study is to settle the true identity of those 'lost species' and to update their descriptions. These studies are based on morphological characteristics observed in the field in northeast India, and Yunnan, China, in various herbaria as well as in the literature on Musaceae.


Some phytogeographical notes on the Parnonas mountain range in the Peloponnese, southern Greece are provided. They include mention of phytogeographical elements, the high incidence of endemism and taxa widely disjunct in distribution. It is noted that many Central European and Balkan species have their southernmost localities on Parnonas. The floristic connections between Parnonas and nine other Greek mountains are demonstrated and a brief account of earlier floristic exploration in the area is given.


Abstract Salmonid fish (Salmonidae) are among the most important sport and commercial species in North America. Numerous attempts to extend their range have been made over the past 100 years. In Canada, Quebec was among the first provinces to be involved in such attempts. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), brown trout (S. trutta), cutthroat trout (S. clarki), kokanee (Oncorhyncus nerka), Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and huchen (Hucho hucho) were experimentally introduced in various lakes and rivers of the southern part of the province. Some of these species, along with pink (O. gorbuscha), chinook (O. kisutch), and coho salmon (O. tshawytscha), were also stocked intensively in neighbouring states and provinces. Rainbow, brown, and cutthroat trout species are now established in southern Quebec. Present data also indicate that rainbow and, to a lesser extent, brown trout gradually increased in numerous rivers flowing into the Gulf of Saint-Laurent, along the North Shore and the Gaspe Peninsula. Pink s...


An approach is presented for fault diagnosis, at component level of analog circuits, by using functional testing. It is based on the determination of the deviation of one or many components with respect to the value fixed by the designer. Components deviation is determined by measuring a number of output parameters and by sensitivity estimation. A solution of the test equations, based on the sensitivity matrix, gives the deviation of the defective components. Different types of measurements are combined to achieve an adequate test coverage with a minimum cost. Some experimental results are given to clarify the approach and to show its efficiency.<<ETX>>


Wind power is an important part of sustainable energy development and plays a pivotal role in the background of the 'Dual Carbon' goal. In this paper, a wind power grid-connected model based on Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Generator(PMSG) is proposed. The pitch angle of the wind turbine and the waveform of the grid-side currents are controlled by the PI controller in order to realize the tracking of the power frequency and phase of the grid voltages, and eventually achieve the purpose of grid-connection. By utilizing MATLAB/Simulink, the simulation results reveal that the final output currents' frequency and phase meet the requirements of grid-connection, and the Total Harmonic Distortion(THD) of the current waveform is less than 2%, which represents a high power quality. It can provide reference for efficient and convenient grid-connection of wind power generation.


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As an advanced means of the organization and management technology,Modern logistics has become an important symbol measuring the degree of modernization and comprehensive national strength of a country.This article analyses modern logistics industry during the process of industrialization of Xinjiang BINGTUAN,from the development status,problems,opportunities and advantages.It also points out the countermeasares of developing modern logistics in BINGTUAN.


Independent auditing standards in 2006 put forward new request to CPAs.Can we consider independent auditing standards as a judging criterion on the basis of which CPA should assume some of the civil legal liability?accountants and justicers have different views on it.From an economic point of view,the independent auditing standards should be the fundamental criterion to judge the legal responsibility.


The safe system structure frame of information system is the important part of Nation's technological system of " the grade of safe protection". A security system frame is required to offer a guide on a series of important links, such as lay-out of information system, design, assessment etc. Of information safe questions, how to understand basic secure theories and technologies of information, hold the safe practice of the information of network system structure, and grasp the basic thought and measure of safe and secret systematic construction of the information system. These are several questions that people pay close attention to generally. Basic security principles and rules have been introduced in this paper, has put forward the three-dimensional system structure of secure practice of information system, build system security platforms which is based on three-dimensional system, and provide tactics for project.


Born in 1900–1901 with the publication of Edmund Husserl's Logical Investigations, phenomenology, as a critical method of reflection on consciousness and its cognitive achievements against its naturalisation in the natural sciences, has undergone many changes and developments. Critiques of both its methods and tasks have emerged, plus it has served as an inspiration for numerous thinkers, including Max Scheler, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Gabriel Marcel, Simone de Beauvoir, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Luc Nancy, Michel Henry, Emmanuel Levinas, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Paul Ricoeur and Jacques Derrida, in their attempts to address the question of value, the meaning of being, existence, the lived body, the Other, life, art, history and language in original and fresh ways. The current paper reflects upon the question of what the fate of phenomenology in the twenty-first century could be by consider- ing some of the recent work presented at the first conference of the South African Centre for Phenomenology held at the University of Johannesburg earlier this year.


Free radicals play an important role in cell's life and death. These are unstable/unpaired electrons in their outermost shell and may become highly reactive. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated from molecular oxygen/nitrogen through Electron Transport Chain (ETC), cytochrome P 450 , and other cellular and sub-cellular functions. They affect beneficial metabolic and cellular processes and also play key role in pathological conditions of the body. It is normally balanced by endogenous antioxidant system. Imbalances in redox status may develop cellular oxidative stress. If the endogenous antioxidants fail to overcome the reactive metabolites production, then exogenous antioxidants would be necessary to balance redox status. Dietary sources, including plants, herbs, spices, vitamins and herbal extracts, play an important role in this regard. This review article summarizes the functional role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species, reactive halogen species and their pathological importance. It also highlights the significant role of endogenous, as well as exogenous antioxidant system in reactive generation of intermediates.


The invention discloses an energy-saved circulating fluidized bed boiler, and belongs to the technical field of boiler equipment. The energy-saved circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises a hearth, a cyclone separator and a tail vertical shaft; and a superheater, a coal economizer and an air preheater are arranged in the tail vertical shaft. The energy-saved circulating fluidized bed boiler is characterized by further comprising a circulating sand ash blowing device; the circulating sand ash blowing device includes a sand hopper, an electric block, a sand blaster and a fluidized bed; the sand blaster includes a speed adjusting motor, a belt wheel, a transmission belt, a sand blasting pipe and a bearing connected to the sand blasting pipe; the sand hopper is connected with the sand blasting pipe through a sand inlet pipe; a motor shaft of the speed adjusting motor is in transmission connection with the belt wheel; the belt wheel is in transmission connection with the bearing through the transmission belt; the sand blasting pipe is communicated with the tail vertical shaft; the fluidized bed is connected with an auger driven through the motor; and the electric block is connected with a sand discharge cart. The energy-saved circulating fluidized bed boiler can effectively remove ash on a heat exchange part in the tail vertical shaft, improves the heat exchange efficiency, increases the boiler strength, and has the characteristics of low energy consumption, good ash blowing effect and high use safety.


Technology driven by algorithms is finding its way into multiple pockets within organizations. Some view the incorporation of algorithms as a means of avoiding the "problems" created by human emoti...


Use of periodic modulation of lithium niobate waveguide properties to achieve phase-matching for second harmonic generation has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The mathematical description has been reduced to the same form of differential equations as for the unperturbed case, but with a modified coupling coefficient. A compact expression for the conversion efficiency has been derived for the case when simultaneous modulation of both the linear and nonlinear properties are taken into account. For the case of modulation of only the linear properties, second harmonic light has been obtained experimentally.


At the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands - a branch of the Federal Research Center "Soil Institute named after V.V. Dokuchaev" LPB biological product containing agronomically significant microflora, macro- and microelements, and physiologically active substances has been developed. LPB was diluted with water at a ratio of 1:200 and doses of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 l/m2 were used for three root feeding of vegetable crops with an interval of two weeks. For each vegetable crop, the optimal dosage of the drug used was established, which contributes to the formation of the maximum yield. The results obtained indicate that the biological preparation of LPB is the most effective in growing root crops. It was facilitated by the active development of agronomically significant microflora, the number of which, on average, almost doubled over the season. In the future, it is necessary to check the results obtained on other varieties and vegetable crops.


Heterogeneity of vegetation and soil properties is characteristic of semi‐arid and arid environments. The potential underlying causes of the dynamics that create this spatial variability, with consequent impacts on landscape connectivity and thus ecological and ecohydrological processes, are not clearly understood. An investigation was carried out into the spatial variability of ponded infiltration rate, soil moisture, soil‐aggregate stability, vegetation cover, random roughness and nutrient content in the soil (ammonium, nitrate and phosphorus) at grassland and shrubland sites for two spatial scales in the Jornada Basin, in the northern part of the Chihuahua desert. At the plant‐interplant scale, statistically significant differences exist between vegetated and non‐vegetated sites for soil moisture and infiltration rate within both shrublands and grasslands. The spatial distributions of all other parameters follow a more complex scheme at this scale. At the landscape scale, distinct differences exist for most parameters between the grasslands and the shrubland sites. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the autocorrelation lengths are not simply a function of average shrub sizes, but may be caused by a more complex pattern probably related to the spatial layout of rill and inter‐rill areas and other localized transfers of soil resources through the redistribution of water and wind. These results demonstrate the importance of understanding spatial linkages of processes within the landscape in understanding dryland ecosystem dynamics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The paper combines the newest fruit of study,then presents the scheme to realize the roller in automatic notice system.introduce automatic machine to model the core part-the control unit of automatic notes system,and introduce Modelsim se 5.7d from Model company to simulate the system action to specific integration circuit of fetching notes and putting down separately,the result proves the validity of the model.


In the same way as we can attribute the authority to individual persons or social groups it can be attributed to the scientific fields, philosophical theories but also to social institutions. And how is the contemporary school viewed from this intersection? What is its position and prestige in the society? Does it reflect the crisis of authority? And what is on the contrary offered to the school and teachers by the society for strengthening of the prestige at the general public? How is the authority understood in the modern family, how important is it for the development of the child's personality? What can be understood under the term of authority and how can it be determined and structured? What are the relations between the authority and education? What is inherent to authority made relative and how is it reflected in the value structure of the contemporary young people?


Objective To explore the influence of he recovery nursing of patients of brain stroke hemiplegic in early period to the recovery of the movement function of the 4 limbs and ADL.Methods Choosing 80 cases of which the patients hospitalize 3 days after the disease flaring up,diving them into two teams: the healing team(42casea) and the comparing team (38cases),.the common treatment to the 2 teams is the same..But the healing team accepts mainly the curative method of stimulating exercises,assisting with psychological nursing and treatment of collective recovery..Before and after the treatment,do the Brunstrom classification and ADL ability assessment.Results There is obvious difference of Brunstrom assessment and Barthel index in the 2 teams before and after the treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Launch the comprehensive recovery nursing centre on stimulating exercise in early period can improve the patients' mechanical function and ADL ability greatly.


This paper explores strategies for building toolchains to design, develop and fabricate architectural designs. It explains how complex curved structures can be constructed from flat standard panels. The hypothesis of this research is that by embedding ruled based procedures addressing generative, variational, iterative, and fabricational logics into early phases of design, both design techniques and digital fabrication methods can merge to solve a recurrent problem in contemporary architectural design, building double curved structures. Furthermore it achieves this using common fabrication methods and standard construction materials. It describes the processes of programming computational tools creating and developing designs to fabricate continuous complex curved structures. I describe this through a series of experiments, using parametric design environments and scripted functions, implementing certain techniques to fabricate these designs using rapid prototyping machines. Comparing different design and fabrication approaches I offer a discussion about universal application of programmed procedures into architectural design.


Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) model has the potential for providing a distributed reserve to the power system developed for large scale implementation of Hybrid Electric Vehicle model. The authors proposed a modified V2G control model managing the various renewable energy sources, vehicles' idle time and power generation, simultaneously, according to the vehicle user's day schedule. Vehicle-to-Grid power is controlled with respect to the desirable battery State-of-Charge and the detected plug-in terminal. In this paper, the proposed control block is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. Performances of the control structure, the interface, the communication, the system efficiency, and time responses are analyzed by various simulated plots.


The liquidity of treasure bonds has the very important position in modern valid market mechanism of treasure bonds. It can lower debt risk and increase treasure bonds management efficiency and develop the functions of controlling the national economy of its secondary market. Compared with the developed countries, the liquidity of treasure bonds in our country is lower. In this point, the following article makes analysis and tries to put forward some suggestions.


Non Local Mean (NLM) filter has attracted great attention within the images and signal processing field especially in the last ten years. The main contribution of this paper to the field of biomedical signals processing is introducing the straightforward application of the fast NLM filter to EEG signal contaminated with "Additive White Gaussian Noise" (AWGN). The performance of this filter is analysed by evaluating its optimal parameters. All the tests are conducted using actual EEG signal captured from human brain. The performance of this filter is determined using "Output Signal to Noise Ratio" (SNRo) and "Cross Correlation" (CC) criteria. The NLM filter exhibits excellent performance in rejection the AWGN from the EEG signal.


This paper demonstrates that memristors can be used to form a fine resolution programmable resistance without perturbations by parasitic components. By exploiting the memristor characteristics, fine resolution programmable memristance is achieved by varying the amount of charges flowing or flux across the memristor. Under the same circuit configuration with same or even less amount of parasitics, memristance is reconfigured with fine resolution by controlling the input pulse width and its frequency. This paper shows an example of pulse programmed memristors and their analog circuit applications.


The increase in wildfire risk in the United States in recent decades has been linked to rapid growth of the wildland‐urban interface and to changing climate. While there have been numerous studies on wildfires and climate change, few have separately assessed the impact of climate response to land‐use‐land‐cover change (LULCC) on wildfires. In this study, we analyse two 10‐year regional climate simulations driven by the current (2011) and future (2100) land‐use‐land‐cover patterns to assess modifications by the projected LULCC to the frequency and severity of fire‐prone atmospheric conditions described by two fire weather indices, the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index and the Hot‐Dry‐Windy Index. The simulation corresponding to future land‐use‐land‐cover pattern yields higher surface temperature and vapour pressure deficit and lower precipitation compared to the simulation with the current pattern in areas where urbanized landscapes replace forests and grasslands, such as along the Piedmont and outside the Chicagoland region, while in areas where croplands replace forests, such as the southeast Coastal Plains, the results are reversed. These changes to local and regional atmospheric conditions lead to longer fire seasons and more extreme fire‐weather conditions in much of the eastern United States, specifically in the Southeast and Ohio River Valley where significant urban expansion is projected by the end of the century. Whereas in Southern California where some highly flammable shrublands will be replaced by urban or crop lands, fire‐prone atmospheric conditions are likely to be less frequent and less extreme in the future. However, much of California moves towards a year‐round fire season under the projected LULCC. The results suggest that by altering atmospheric conditions, LULCC may play an important role in determining fire regime, but the effects are highly heterogeneous and regionalized.


The use of frontier production function towards data gathered from 63 rice farmers in two northern coastal plain villages of West Java indicates that technical efficiency indices vary considerably. Given the availability of data, factors explaining the variation are analyzed in this paper. Neither offfarm nor non-farm working hours negatively effects technical efficiency. Nor does the age of farmers. Farmers' participation in intensification program does influence technical efficiency but other determinants should properly be investigated further. Background and Objectives After Indonesia has successfully increased rice production and achieved selfsufficiency level in 1984, the emphasis of food production policy is placed on, at least, maintaining that level. After rice intensification program has been modified several times since 1969, a significant improvement has been implemented in northern coastal plain (pantura) of West Java since 1987. In this program, potash fertilizer and bio-stimulant were introduced for the first time in addition to the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers which have been widely applied by farmers before. The latest released rice varieties resistent to brown plant hoppers was promoted and the role of modified working groups of farmers was also emphasized. The major goal of such a program modification was obviously to raise rice production through the increase in average yields per unit of land, while yield· gap among rice farmers might have been overlooked so far. Given the existing technology and area devoted to rice production at a particular time, yield gap itself provides an opportunity to raise production when farmers ' constraints bringing *) Research Staff, Center for Agro-Economic Research, Bogar.


Objective:To find out the medicinal plants with antimicrobial activities in Cenwanglaoshan Nature Reserve.Methods:The method of collecting information from the published results.Results:There are 39 species of medicinal plants with antimicrobial activities in the Nature Reserve,in which 43.59% of the medicinal plants can inhibit more than 5 kinds of microorganism,such as Lonicera japonica,Mysine africana,Voila yedoensis,48.72% of the medicinal plants including Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum,Houttuynia cordata,Prunella vulgaris,etc.can inhibit 2~4 kinds of microorganism,and 79.49% of the medicinal plants adopts their whole plant,roots or rhizomes as medicinal materials, such as Sarcandra glabra,Wikstroemia indica,Osmunda japonica.Conclusion:The medicinal plants of the Nature Reserve have a bright future in exploitation owing to their broad antimicrobial spectrum,and a moderate collection is necessary for the purpose of sustainable utilization.


In 1921 Arkwright described two distinct types of colonies which appeared when cultures of Bacillus dysenteriae Shiga were plated on agar. One which he called the "rough" type had a coarsely granular surface rather like morocco leather, and an irregular margin. The other which he called the "smooth" type had a regular edge and a smooth surface. He found the same differentiation into rough and smooth colonies occurred among other member of the group, in B. typhosus, in B. paratyphosus B, and in B. enteritidis Gaertner. Since then these two types of colonies have been described in many other organisms; in streptococci by Cowan, in pneumococci by Griffith and by Reimann, in pasteurella by de Kruif, in meningococcu and gonococcus by Atkin, in the cholera vibrio by Shousha.


Although Tamil has an indigenous tradition of «grammatical» description — in an extended sense of «grammatical» which encompasses poetics and metrics, along with phonetics, morphology and syntax — which goes back to the first half of the first millenium AD, it was described once again from the 16th century onwards from a new angle (which included an interest for ordinary language) by Christian missionaries who brought with them a Latin model of grammatical description, which they tried to apply, by creative extension. I shall therefore refer to the corpus of their productions as the Grammatici Tamulici , although the earliest among them make use of Portuguese as a metalanguage for the description of Tamil. Not being in the situation of some field linguists, who have to start from scratch when confronted with a language which has never been written, those missionaries progressively discovered that the Latin alphabet, although enriched by several extensions developed for the representation of European vernaculars, was a less efficient tool than the local (Tamil) syllabary for noting down Tamil sounds and words. They also discovered that their capacity to be convincing, in front of their converts, depended in a great part on their adopting the language hierarchies which governed (and still govern) the diglossic Tamil society, as we shall see here in this preliminary exploration covering five authors who were active during a period of ca. 200 years, up to the year 1739.


We report the development of a new analytical expression for the electron stopping power (SP) for electron energies between 200 eV and 30 keV. This expression describes the product of the SP and the inelastic mean free path (IMFP), and is a simple function of atomic number and electron energy. Parameters in the expression were obtained from fits to SPs and IMFPs calculated from optical data for a group of 27 elemental solids. The mean deviation of 10.4% in these fits was less than the mean deviations found in similar fits with the empirical modifications of the Bethe SP equation by Joy and Luo and by Fernandez‐Varea et al. The new expression is considered suitable for Monte Carlo simulations of electron transport with the continuous slowing‐down approximation relevant to Auger‐electron spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron‐probe microanalysis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The invention relates to a storage and transfer robot used for the modern logistics industry. A chassis of a car body of the robot is connected with each device for fixing the robot; an anti-collision protective device comprises an infrared photoelectric sensor, a front cover plate, a rear cover plate and an emergency stop switch; drive wheels of a drive device are arranged at one end of a direct-current motor through a connecting shaft, and are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the middle of the car body fixedly; driven wheels are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the front end and the rear end of the car body, and a differential drive mode is adopted for drive control; a navigation and location unit comprises an inertial navigation sensor, a two-dimensional laser bar code scanner, a grey sensor and two-dimensional codes, wherein navigation and location are completed in a mode of adopting inertial navigation, locating with the two-dimensional codes and correcting deviation through the grey sensor; a control unit uses a control system based on a single chip microcomputer, and comprises a micro controller and a control module circuit; and a lifter is beneficial for reducing logistics cost and reducing investment of staff. The storage and transfer robot can be used for transferring goods to a designated area, and can improve sorting efficiency of modern logistics.


To determine how mental illness (MI) stigma messaging on Twitter manifests after a mass shooting, using the Fort Lauderdale Airport shooting (January 6, 2017) as a case study, we collected publicly available tweets about mental health/illness between December 23, 2016 and January 20, 2017 published


The effect of the reagent initial state excitation on the reactive cross section in the Li+HF(v,j) collision is analyzed for v=0, 1 and j=0, 1, 2 and 3. A wave packet treatment is used within the centrifugal sudden approximation on a global potential energy surface recently proposed [Aguado et al., J. Chem. Phys. 107, 10085 (1997)]. The reaction cross-section for v=0 is in good agreement with the available experimental data, and for low j shows oscillations as a function of the translational energy which are due to the structure of the transition state. For v=1 the reaction cross-section increases by a factor of 10–50 with respect to that of v=0. The influence of the alignment of the initial angular momentum on the reaction cross section is studied.


Abstract Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, M be a finitely generated R-module and n be a non-negative integer. In this article, it is shown that for a positive integer t, there is a finitely generated submodule Ni of such that for all i < t if and only if there is a finitely generated submodule of such that for all i < t and all p ∈ Spec(R). This generalizes Faltings' Local–global Principle for the finiteness of local cohomology modules (Faltings' in Math. Ann. 255:45–56, 1981). Also, it is shown that whenever R is a homomorphic image of a Gorenstein local ring, then the invariants and are equal, for every finitely generated R-module M and for all ideals of R with . As a consequence, we determine the least integer i where the local cohomology module is not minimax (resp. weakly Laskerian).


: The traditional approach to modeling productive efficiency assumes that technology is constant across the sample. However, farms in different regions may face different production oppor-tunities, and the technologies they employ may differ due to environmental factors. Therefore, rather than using a traditional stochastic frontier model in such cases, a stochastic meta-frontier (SMF) analysis is recommended to account for environmental factors between regions. It follows that differences in environmental factors between the upland and lowland regions in Anambra State, Nigeria, may result in farmers producing rice under different production and environmental conditions. Using the SMF model, this study, for the first time, determines technical efficiency (TE) and technological gap ratios (TGRs) of rice production from the upland and lowland regions in the Awka North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. Our data are from a cross-section sample of randomly selected rice farmers. Results reveal that lowland regional rice producers are on average, significantly more technically efficient (91.7%) than their upland counterparts (84.2%). Additionally, mean TGRs associated with lowland rice farmers are higher (92.1%) than their corresponding upland producers (84.7%). While the upland rice producers are less technically efficient and further away from their full potential, results indicate that both sets of farmers do not use advanced technologies to match the industry's potential. We suggest that agricultural policy should focus on providing regionally specific technologies, such as improved rice varieties that fit the working environment of the lagging area, to help rice farmers improve their resource efficiency and minimize technological gaps.


Phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences spanning approximately 450 nucleotides near the 5'end of the 18s rDNA strongly support the monophyly of Apogastropoda and its constituent clades, Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia. Representatives of the architaenioglossan groups Cyclophoroidea, Ampullariidae and Viviparidae invariably emerge within Caenogastropoda in all analyses. While the Cyclophoroidea and Ampullariidae are monophyletic, the varying position of Viviparidae in all outcomes contradicts its hypothesized sister group relationship with Ampullariidae, and thus the monophyly of Ampullarioidea. Because of the position of Viviparidae, Architaenioglossa does not emerge as a clade in any of our analyses. Campanile consistently emerges between Cyclophoroidea and Cerithioidea, or in a clade with Cyclophoroidea and Ampullariidae, a position not predicted by previous morphological studies. Maximum parsimony analyses of sequence data show Caenogastropoda to comprise a series of sequentially diverging higher taxa. However, maximum likelihood analyses as well as maximum parsimony analyses using only trans‐versions divide Caenogastropoda into two clades, one containing the architaenioglossan taxa, Campaniloidea and Cerithioidea, the other containing the higher caenogastropod taxa included in Eucaenogastropoda (Haszprunar, 1988) [= Hypsogastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg 1997)l. Denser taxon sampling revealed insertions to be present in the 18s rDNA gene of several caenogastropod taxa. Earlier reports (Harasewych et al. 1997b) of reduced sequence divergence levels in Caenogastropoda are shown to be restricted to Hypsogastropoda. Based on a broader taxonomic sampling, divergence levels within Caenogastropoda are comparable to those found within Heterobranchia.


Experimental determination of the enthalpy of a coal-derived 138-373 F naphtha fraction produced by the solvent refined coal process were made with a Freon 11 reference fluid boiloff calorimeter at inlet temperatures of 160-719 F, pressures of 30-1500 psia, and an outlet temperature of 65 F; 145 measurements were obtained over the liquid, vapor, two-phase, and critical regions. The estimated accuracy of the data was (plus or minus) 0.5%. Although the experimental data for this particular system were in fair agreement with prediction methods developed for petroleum fractions.


This article analyzes the division of labor that characterizes international criminal justice as a market of services. Using a sociological framework and building on empirical data on 996 professional agents, the analysis outlines how the market around the international criminal courts is structured by three different social groups that dominate the formal roles of judges, prosecutors and defense counsel. The article analyzes the relative positionality of these groups highlighting the low degree of mobility between them and the continued dominance of global north professionals in certain groups. On the basis of these findings, the article investigates the distinct patterns of expertise of the three groups and how it links them to the wider market of international criminal justice. The relations between the three social groups structure the market of international criminal justice and formats the social fault lines of its normative debates.


Shanghai Tower is the tallest building in China with a height of 632 m. This study aims to investigate the wind characteristics and its impact on Shanghai Tower so as to provide useful information for the wind‐resistant design of 600 m+ super‐tall buildings. By analyzing the data of wind speed during the occurrence of DeHong in June 2017, the relationship between turbulence intensity and mean wind speed is verified, and the correlation between gust factor and turbulence intensity is confirmed. Apart from that, it is also found that the von Karman spectrum fits well with the measured fluctuating wind speed spectrum. In addition, the 83rd and 117th acceleration data are analyzed to obtain the natural frequency by peak‐picking, frequency domain decomposition, stochastic subspace identification, and fast Bayesian fast Fourier transform methods. The amplitude‐dependence dynamic parameters of Shanghai Tower on the basis of the field measurements are studied as well. Finally, the wind‐induced vibration is investigated based on the acceleration data and wind speed data, which verifies that the responses along two main axes having a similar amplitude under wind effects. The occurrence of DeHong demonstrates that a gale equivalent to a typhoon may occur in urban areas without any urban warning.


In this study, we investigate the vibration of single-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in a polymeric matrix using nonlocal elasticity theories with account arbitrary boundary conditions effects. A Winkler type elastic foundation is employed to model the interaction of nanobeam and the surrounding elastic medium. Influence of all parameters such as nonlocal small-scale effects, Winkler modulus parameter, vibration mode and aspect ratio of nanobeam on the vibration frequency are analyzed and discussed. The mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and polymer matrix are treated and an analytical solution is derived using the governing equations of the nonlocal Euler-Bernoulli beam models. Solutions have been compared with those obtained in the literature and The results obtained show that the non-dimensional natural frequency is significantly affected by the small-scale coefficient, the vibrational mode number and the elastic medium.


Restoring 3D information from a single 2D image is an ill-posed problem, and accurate depth estimation is challenging. We propose a novel method that estimates depth more accurately by randomly sampling object-wise several additional points, otherwise, conventional methods mostly estimate the depth with only one center point. To sample object-wise multiple reference points, we generate sampling space, and we obtain the ground truth of several sampling points by moving the sampled points from the sampling space to the object space. Using the obtained ground truth, the depth of reference points can be obtained through the proposed reference points depth branch. The proposed network achieved better performance by allowing depth to be estimated densely rather than the conventional network estimating the depth sparsely.


Annotation The paper aims at analyzing the significance of EU funds in the creation of sport and recreation infrastructure in Poland in the context of the Cohesion Policy. The research has been conducted on the basis of data derived from the official websites of the Regional Operational Program for Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship 2007-2013 (ROP WKP). The information on applications approved by the European Commission in the 2007-2013 programming period available at the websites have been currently upgraded and monitored. In order to achieve the aim of a research analysis have included all investments in sport and recreation infrastructure financed from EU funds. From database, which contained 6,117 applications implemented under the Cohesion Policy, 227 applications related to sport and recreation infrastructure have been analyzed. It has been proved in the paper that EU funds have contributed significantly to the creation of sport and recreation infrastructure improving, among others, quality of life.


In the time of intensive globalisation, deepening economic and energy problems, political and social tensions around the globe, and the ever going rush for technical innovations, the European Commission as "the motor of European integration"1 have to be successful and effective in order to overcome this world-wide challenges. However, for more then 40 years the EC was untouched by the tide of management reforms. As a latecomer in administrative reform the EC could not fulfill the expectations, and as a direct consequence there were allegations of fraud and financial mismanagement which resulted in a resignation of Santer Commission.


Abstract In vitro culture of dedifferentiated cells of Triticum vulgare Vill. — A cultural substratum allowing the formation of callus from wheat embryos excised from swollen seeds has been set up. At first it is necessary to supply the embryo with a substratum containing a large amount of Compounds having an auxinic function, as they stimulate the formation of undifferentiated cells. Secondly, in order to obtain a better growth of the colonies, it is advisable to transfer them to a medium containing a smaller quantity of auxine. The cultures can be kept for a long time, without any macroscopic differentiation of the root tips and shoot apexes, if they are monthly transferred from the medium rich in auxine to the medium poor in auxine alternatively. If the cultures are always transplanted on the substratum poor in auxine, many root tips and a few shoot apexes can be easily differentiated. Explants made from blocks of cells taken from the mother-colony and placed on the substratum rich in auxine at first, ...


Objectives:To investigate the expressions of Cyclin D1 and p27 in epithelial ovarian cancers and the correlation between their expression and clinical pathological parameters.Methods:Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out for 62 cases of epithelial ovarian cancers to detect the expression of Cyclin D1 and p27,and their correlation with clinical pathological parameters was analyzed respectively.Results:In the epithelial ovarian cancers,the expression of Cyclin D1 in FIGO Ⅰ-Ⅱstages was lower than Ⅲ-Ⅳstages,G1-G2group of histology was lower than G3 group,the group of residual size ≤2cm was lower than 2cm group,no lymph metastases group was lower than that had lymph metastases group,and they were siganificant differences of above pairs (P0.05),and the expression of p27 appeared in a reverse way however.There was a significant negative correlation between them (rs=-0.255,P0.05).Conclusion:The abnormal expression of Cyclin D1 and p27 was correlated to the progression and malignancy of epithelial ovarian cancers and might be valuable prognostic factors for the epithelial ovarian cancers.


The purpose of this research are (1) to analyze the learning quality of problem based learning model which is accompanied by gave remedial teaching, (2) to described remedial teaching process a follow up diagnostic assessment, and (3) to analyze the ability of solving mathematical problems students are reviewed from cognitive style. This research is a mixed method research of concurrent embedded types. The research population were students of class XI MIPA SMA 1 Bojong Tegal. The result of mathematical problem solving ability test was analyzed qualitatively using mean test, comprehensive test, mean deviation test, and deviation proportion test Result of this research shows l earning quality of PBL learning model with remedial teaching is considered well both qualitatively and quantitatively . The provision of diagnostic tests and remedial teaching treatment is effective to improve problem solving abilities, and the problem solving ability of independent field students is better than field dependent students.


Taking apical bud or stem section as explant,the optimal multiplication culture medium was screened as B 1+2 0mg·L -1 6-BA+1 0mg·L -1 NAA through the comparative experiments of different concentration combinations of 4 kinds of basic culture mediums and growth regulators,the rooting culture medium was B 2+0 5mg·L -1 No.1 ABT.The red heart soil was selected as transplantation substrate.


ABSTRACT This study reports on the development of new motor and behavioural indicators for recognizing symbolic acts among infants. Following five infants between the ages of 6 and 18 months and their ability to use an object in novel way yielded four levels of action, based on the number of objects and actions combined in each symbolic act. Employing Baldwin et al.'s [(2001). Infants parse dynamic action. Child Development, 72(3), 708–717] method for verifying that the infants intend to use an object in novel way yielded behavioural indexes that enabled verifying infants' intention from the pre-beginning phase for both complete and partial acts. Following an extensive range of subjects (N = 14; from six to eighteen months), reveals that first symbolic acts are visible at six months of age and until 15 months of age infants preform mainly single-object play. The discussion addresses symbolic acts' developmental pattern and emphasizes the dynamic fashion that symbolic play may investigate with the current research tool.


Terrorism can carry transnational effects, or terrorism can be emerged as a violence model in a domestic conflict to challenge the target state for desired purposes by rebel groups. Due to the nature of terrorism, it can be used by different actors and in different conflicts as a strategy. In the article, terrorism is assessed as a strategy in civil wars. The article evaluated a wide range of terror strategies which are intimidation, attrition, provocation, outbidding, and spoiling in the context of civil war. As result, terror strategies are ineffective to reach long term success for rebel groups. Thus, it can be argued that terror strategies in civil war only achieved limited goals on target audiences.


The possibility of using contactless breakers for switching high-current circuits with inductive loads. Presents the results of virtual simulation of the various circuits breakers.


Tuberculosis of the external genitalia, which is rare, is usually secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. Longstanding lupus vulgaris of the buttocks extending to the vulva and resulting in esthiomene is reported here. There was no evidence of tuberculosis of any other organ.


Abstract Faigenbaum, AD, Farrell, AC, Fabiano, M, Radler, TA, Naclerio, F, Ratamess, NA, Kang, J, and Myer, GD. Effects of detraining on fitness performance in 7-year-old children. J Strength Cond Res 27(2): 323–330, 2013—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of detraining on fitness performance in 7-year-old children after 8 weeks of muscular fitness training, which took place during the first 15 minutes of regularly scheduled physical education (PE) class. Children from 2 PE classes were cluster randomized into either an exercise group (n = 20) or a standard PE control group (n = 19). Performance on the long jump, single-leg hop, curl-up, and balance test was assessed at baseline, after training, and after an 8-week detraining period. A significant interaction of group by time after training was observed in the exercise group with improvements noted in abdominal curl-up and single-leg hop performance (p < 0.05). After detraining, the exercise group maintained training-induced gains on the curl-up (group mean [95% confidence interval] posttraining of 27.9 [21.2–34.5] to detraining 27.3 [21.1–33.6] repetitions; p < 0.05) and single-leg hop (posttraining 79.8 [73.2–86.4] to detraining 79.7 [73.0–86.5] cm; p < 0.05). Conversely, long jump (posttraining 113.8 [108.2–119.5] to detraining 110 [102.6–117.5] cm; p < 0.05) regressed toward baseline values in both groups. After detraining, balance performance (1.5 [1.3–1.7] seconds) regressed relative to baseline (2.0 [1.7–2.4] seconds) and posttraining (2.0 [1.8–2.4] seconds; p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the phenomenon of detraining in children is complex and characterized by different adaptations and regressions in strength, power, and balance. Regular participation in fitness activities during PE may be needed to enhance and maintain performance in all measures of muscular fitness in 7-year-old children.


During the French Revolution, a priest, a lawyer, and an engineer were put on trial as enemies of the Revolution. The priest tried to defend himself by explaining how he had ministered to the poor, brought food to the hungry, and tended the sick. To no avail. He was sentenced to the guillotine. In those days, when a person felt he had been sentenced unjustly, he would demonstrate his feelings by making the supreme gesture ¿ he would lie face up rather than face down in the guillotine. The priest did so. When the rope was tripped, it happened that the blade stuck in the channel about six inches above his neck. It was the rule that if ever the guillotine stuck, the victim was let free. So the priest was spared.


We prove Andrews-Beck type congruences for overpartitions concerning the $D$-rank and $M_2$-rank. To prove congruences, we establish the generating function for weighted $D$-rank (respectively, $M_2$-rank) moment of overpartitions and find a connection with the second $D$-rank (respectively, $M_2$-rank) moment for overpartitions.


The power circuit's function of escalator and moving walk is to drive or to protect driving machine,the capacity of each component is calculated based on rated current or full load current of driving machine.Capacity calculation of components varies due to their respective functional.Consider the following impact factors when doing capacity calculation,which are whether components normal working status have mechanical movement,the installation site altitude and ambient temperature,component life expectancy and so on.


The results of computer simulation of saline soils leaching on the experimental site of the Kyrgyz Research Institute of Irrigation in the Batken region of the Kyrgyz Republic are considered. In the article a brief overview of the development of ways using mathematical methods in the studying of soils and of mathematical modeling of soil salinization processes are given. The using of a simplified method for modeling of soil salinization on the experimental plot in the Batken rayon of the Kyrgyz Republic using Excel computer program is given.


Twenty-seven years after the fall of Saigon, memories of the Vietnam War remain vivid among those who served there. It was an all-consuming struggle, and those who were involved in it still feel compelled to tell their stories, to try to make sense of their experiences and to try to justify all of the sacrifices for what was, on the American and South Vietnamese side, a lost cause. John Laurence, who served three tours in South Vietnam as a reporter for CBS News, found that, in the years after he left in 1970, the war became an "obsession" (p. 88). The writing of his massive memoir helped him "unravel the colossal tangle of memories knotted in my mind" and to "expel the demons that made my war go on and on" (p. 88). Lam Quang Thi, a general in the ARVN (Army of the Republic of Vietnam), watched his army and nation collapse and eventually felt compelled to tell the story of what he still views as a noble cause. He believes that the French and American wars in


Are citizens morally obligated to obey and support their states? "Political Obligations and Authority" is perhaps A. John Simmons' most comprehensive summary of his mature views on this enduring philosophical problem. In this essay, Simmons critically engages Plato's dialogue Crito and culls from it three types of strategies for justifying political obligations: natural duty, associative, and transactional. Simmons argues that natural duty accounts are inherently incapable of providing moral grounding for political obligations, disqualifies both associative and transactional accounts on empirical grounds, and settles for a form of anarchism. I argue, assuming as Simmons does in this essay that natural duties imply obligations of support and obedience to political institutions, that the natural duty strategy promises to provide an escape route out of anarchism.


Functional communication training (FCT) is an intervention frequently used for students with developmental disabilities to reduce problematic behaviors and to increase prosocial behaviors. This intervention appears to be very effective when the communication responses trained are matched to the function of the student's problematic behaviors. In most cases, however, FCT is implemented as part of an intervention package. As a result, there is little research showing FCT to be effective without additional treatment components. In this investigation, the results of a brief functional analysis conducted with a student with autism in an inclusive school setting revealed that the student's self-injury served as a negative reinforcement function. We used a multiple baseline design across classrooms to evaluate the effects of FCT in the absence of augmentative procedures. The results of this study indicate that ameliorating the student's self-injury occurred with implementing the FCT procedure in isolation, providing growing support for using FCT without augmentative procedures.


Dietary Sodiiim and the Premenstrual Syndrome September 1983 Judith Nissenbaiim, B.A., Brandeis University M.S., Ph.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor Bonnie R. Strickland The present study was a double-blind placebocontrolled investigation of the effect of reduced dietary salt on premenstrual syndrome. Dependent measures included subjects' self-reports of moods and water retention during four phases each of six monthly cycles. Subjects' weight and blood pressure were measured three times during each cycle. After two baseline cycles, all subjects started a reduced sodium diet. In addition, half the subjects took 4 grams of salt per day in capsule form, thereby approximately replacing the salt they removed from their diet (placebo condition). The rest of the subjects took identical capsules containing an inert substance (reduced salt treatment condition). After two months the cross over took place: subjects in the placebo condition began the treatment condition by having their salt capsules replaced by inert capsules, and vice versa. Thus all subjects underwent two cycles each of baseline, placebo, and treatment.


Reconstruction of the fascia defect, especially complicated one is challenging problem. We report our experiences of porcine acellular dermal collagen (Permacol ® ) in contaminated fascia defects. Three patients with contaminated fascia defect were reconstructed using Permacol ® . Permacol ® was fixed to fascia with 2-0 polypropylene sutures and at least 2 cm of the implant was allowed to overlap the defect. Types of fascia defect consisted of large parastomal hernia in rectal cancer patients, multiple enterocutaneous fistulas in Crohn's disease and evisceration due to surgical site infection. Postoperative complication was 1 case of graft infection in a Crohn's disease patient, but infection was controlled using antibiotics.


The effects of liquefaction on deep foundations are very damaging and costly, and they keep recurring in many earthquakes. The first part of the paper reviews the field experience of deep foundations affected by liquefaction during earthquakes in the last few decades, as well as the main lessons learned. The second part of the paper presents results of physical modeling of deep foundations in the presence of liquefaction conducted mostly in the U.S. and Japan in the 1990'~~ with emphasis on the work done by the authors and others at the 100 g-ton RPI centrifuge. Centrifuge models of instrumented single piles and pile groups embedded in both level and sloping liquefiable soil deposits have been excited in-flight by a suitable base acceleration. End-bearing and floating piles with and without a pile cap, with or without a mass above ground, free at the top or connected to a lateral or rotational spring to simulate the superstructure's stiffness, with the foundation embedded in twoor three-layer soil profiles, have been tested. Tests with a mass above ground have allowed backfiguring the degradation of the lateral resistance of the loose saturated sand against the pile as the soil liquefies, while tests in sloping ground without a mass have allowed studying the effect of lateral spreading. Interpretations of these centrifuge experiments and their relation to field observations, soil properties, theory and analytical procedures are also discussed.


This paper presents a new method for automatically separating the motion of multiple independently moving objects in a sequence of images based on the notion of illumination subspace. We show that intensities of observed trajectories of image features on a single body lie on a linearly independent frame space with three, or fewer, dimensions. We then argue that it is possible in theory to determine the grouping of the feature points by way of separating the illumination subspaces. As a clue for practical separation, we also introduce the surface interaction matrix which is valid for Lambertian reflectance surface. Recently, several authors have presented different algorithms on this task of grouping by factorization-based procedures using the coordinates of image features. While the challenges in their approaches are to realize the robust performance in the presence of noise, we propose to incorporate the above photometric analysis available at given feature points in the conventional schemes of motion segmentation, and show that the performance is indeed stabilized through experiments on real and synthetic image sequences.


occupy about a third of the daylight hours with such flighting, for no reason as yet discovered other thanjoie de vivre. As the author repeatedly shows that there was a large slice of sheer delight in his painstaking and often dawn to dusk watches, the rapport between author and subject matter is again striking. This is essentially a book to be dipped into rather than read consecutively. Inevitably there is a good deal of overlap between chapters which are derived from the same series of observations even if they largely correspond with the heads of information which the author considers to be basic for a proper understanding of any diurnal bird of prey general habits, detailed daily behaviour, food preferences, hunting methods, breeding behaviour and population dynamics. The claim is made and probably justified that, under these heads as a whole, more is known of the fish eagle than of any other African bird of prey. But the gaps are always admitted and how Leslie Brown himself would have loved to try to fill them! But as he presciently admits in the very last sentence of the book 'I will not have the time or the energy to do it properly any more.' The 144-page volume is embellished by eleven well-produced colour-plates, which beautifully portray particular aspects of behaviour. A similar number of black and white illustrations are less satisfactorily reproduced. For the student taking up the author's challenge, the mass of data on which the book is founded is conveniently assembled in 6 maps, 10 figures and 20 tables. HUGH F. I. ELLIOTT


agricUltUre iS one oF the FeW asset classes with poor financial performance in recent times. Although this intuitively suggests a rare counter-cyclical investment opportunity, everyone 'knows' that low returns are chronic although this 'knowledge' is qualified by the fact that the industry's finances are a research desert. The few published statistics are broad samples, considered to be unreliable, and are too general to dissect finances by region and product. Arguably, however, an investment sector with historically poor returns and weak analysis offers unexploited profit opportunities. This paper gives a brief overview of agriculture in Australia, discusses drivers of returns in its principal sectors, and then applies modern financial techniques to develop an optimised portfolio. The result is a model that should produce a solidly performing, low-risk portfolio of diversified agricultural investments. australia's agricultural industry Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, currently contributes 3% to Australia's GDP: this has fallen from 4% since the mid 1980s. Over half the country's land area is used in agriculture, and crops alone cover 4% of Australia. Australia has 130,000 farms and their annual production is almost $40 billion, principally from: cattle (contributing about 20% of the total); cereals, primarily wheat (16%); sheep and wool (12%); and dairy (9%). Smaller, but still significant, sectors include forestry and fishing, high-value produce (such as stone fruit, nuts, olives), vegetables, wine, poultry, sugar cane, cotton and pigs. All other sectors, including emergent areas such as coffee, truffles, medicinal herbs, and organic foods, contribute 10% of the total. Two-thirds of Australian agricultural production is exported and comprises a quarter of merchandise exports. leS coleMan is a Senior lecturer in the Finance department at University of Melbourne. he is also a member of the investment policy committee of United Funds Management and the author of Why Managers and Companies Take Risks (Springer, 2006). email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Evaluation of: Neely LA, Patel S, Garver J et al.: A single-molecule method for the quantitation of microRNA gene expression. Nat. Methods 3(1), 41–46 (2006) [1]. This study extended single-molecule detection (SMD) techniques to accurately quantitate microRNA (miRNA) gene expression in human tissue. In all, the expression of 45 different miRNAs was quantified from 16 different tissues and several mature miRNAs were found to be expressed at low levels in tissues where they were undetectable previously. This SMD assay showed the capability of quantitating miRNA expression from as little as 50 ng of total RNA. Furthermore, by incorporating locked nucleic acid (LNA)–DNA oligonucleotide probes, this method was shown to be highly specific and capable of discrimination between miRNA targets that differed by as little as a single nucleotide. Future extensions of SMD miRNA assays and integration with current microfluidic and nanotechnologies may prove essential in pushing miRNA profiling to the fundamental limits ...


The study investigates determinants of labour migration from East to West Germany from 1992 to 2001. Using a discrete-time logistic hazard model for multilevel data, individual characteristics as well as regional context characteristics are estimated as determinants of out-migration. Amongst others, the empirical analysis led to the following results: At the individual level, higher income increased the migration rate whereas the level of education had no net effect. Moreover, the migration rate depended on work-related social networks. But especially individual unemployment heavily increased the migration rate. In addition, the rate decreased with larger distances from the border to the West, and was much higher in regions of the borderland. Finally, a cross-level interaction showed that women benefited more than men from the favourable location at the border to move to West German labour markets.


It analyzes the main achievements,significance and fundamental issues of the "dual training" working based on the comprehensive conditions of this work,and proposes the strategies for heightening the quality and establishing an effective mechanisms of "dual training" working.


Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are usually corrupted by strongly speckle noise,which blocks scene information abstracting and the application of SAR images.A combination despeckle reconstruction algorithm is proposed based on generation principles and statistic characters of speckle noise.The despeckle and reconstruction performance of this algorithm is as good as simulated annealing algorithm,but it reduces the computation cost and still has excellent despeckle and scene structure keeping performance.It is a practical algorithm for SAR image reconstruction.


Teacher collaboration must have intrigued educators ever since the Little Red School House expanded to include more than one teacher. Even though most schools are still considered to follow the early 20th century model of "Cells and Bells" (Nair & Fielding, 2005) with most teachers working in isolation in their own classrooms, we The authors explore the transferability of coteaching models and techniques from the field of Special Education to that of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). They review five possible co-teaching configurations and offer suggestions on avoiding potential pitfalls. They conclude that co-teaching can (a) become an effective support for inclusive practices to accommodate the needs of diverse English Language learners; (b) help all students meet national, state, and local standards; (c) establish a vehicle for creative collaboration between English as a Second Language (ESL) and mainstream teachers. Co-teaching in the ESL Classroom


Virtual reality is a rapidly growing technology which utilises the ever-increasing power of computers to simulate real-world and imaginary environments and situations with a high degree of realism and interactiveness. Safety in the South African mining industry is a vital issue. On average, one worker dies every working day, and about 16 are injured in mine-related accidents. Inadequate or insufficient training is often cited as a root cause for many mining fatalities. However, training outside the direct working environment provides only limited real-life opportunities and may fail to make a significant impact within the tense working environment itself. Virtual reality-based training tools can, by contrast, provide simulated exposure to real-world working conditions without the associated risks. This paper discusses contextual requirements and constraints for virtual reality application development, applied to safety training in mines. The results of the contextual analysis were applied to the design and development of several prototypes of VR training systems. The paper also reports on how realism can be enhanced in simulation training systems.


SUMMARY
Control of rooting medium temperature by using electronic controllers with thermistor or semiconductor sensors is described and compared with electromechanical sensors. Electronic controllers are advantageous in that they are versatile, and can more accurately sense and control temperature in the rooting zone itself. Such improved control may often result in higher percentage of rooted cuttings and in better root systems.


Glioblastoma multiforme (GM) is a severe disease and the therapeutic ineffectiveness of available treatments is enormous, especially by causing adverse reactions. Methotrexate (MTX) is a cytotoxic drug used to treat GM, however, its use is limited by poor bioavailability and adverse effects. Nanotechnology has been employed to enhance efficacy of drugs to treat cancer, and therefore, our hypothesis is that nanocapsules (LNC) may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MTX and decrease the toxic effects, as they are driven to the tumor site. The initial assays were carried out to investigate the ability of MTX LNC to cross the BBB after intravenous (i.v.) injection, without affecting the BBB permeability. Therefore, female C57Bl/6 mice were injected with rhodamine-labeled MTX LNC (n = 4) and its distribution in the brain was quantified by intravital microscopy at different interval times. In addition, the BBB integrity was evaluated by Evans blue extravasation in brain tissue 24 hours following treatments (MTX LNC and MTX in solution, and respective vehicle solutions, n = 4). Subsequent assays were performed to investigate the mechanism of uptake of rhodamine-labeled MTX LNC in tumor culture cells (GL261) using the following blockers of endocytosis: cytochalasin B (10 μM) and sucrose (0.5 M). MTX LNC was mostly observed inside the blood vessels 10 minutes after i.v. injection (0.6477±0.01865, P < 0.05) when compared to the time of 30 (0.9729±0.1516), 60 (0.9060±0.1161), or 120 minutes (0.9540±0.01666). However, great dispersion of MTX LNC into the cerebral parenchyma tissue was noticed after 30 minutes following i.v. injection. In addition, no treatment changed significantly the BBB integrity. In vitro studies, demonstrated that rhodaminelabeled MTX LNC cross tumor cell membrane and cytochalasin B or sucrose do not reduce that entrance. For now, we can conclude that methotrexate LNC cross both the BBB without disrupting its permeability and cross the tumor cell membrane, being a promising treatment for brain cancer.


PSpice is an excellent circuit simulation software.It can optimize the parameters according to the structure of the circuit.This paper introduces the functions and features of OrCAD/Pspice,and the analysis results by using the Optimizer of PSpice.An example of two double voltage circuit is also presented.


Malaysian soils are mostly classified as Ultisols and Oxisols, which are highly weathered acidic and infertile soils with low organic matter content and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Organic amendments such as compost and animal manure are needed to improve soil health for sustainable agriculture production on these soils. Application of biochar as a soil amendment is viewed as a promising alternative as it has been widely reported to improve soil quality and crop performance as well as sequestering carbon in soil due to its high carbon stability against microbial decay. A potential biochar feedstock is oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), a major waste from palm oil industry. The production of EFBB from EFB presents an appealing option of sustainable waste management for the oil palm industry. However, different biochars exhibit variations in characteristics, depending on feedstock and production process. Since EFBB is only recently produced, very little is known about its potential as a soil amendment for crop improvement and soil carbon sequestration. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of EFBB application on crop performance, nutrient uptake and soil properties with single and repeated application. A field study was conducted with 5 different EFBB application rates: 0 t/ha EFBB (BC0), one time application of 10 t/ha EFBB in 1 season (BC10), two applications of 10t/ha EFBB in 2 seasons (BC10+10), three applications of 10t/ha EFBB in 3 seasons (BC10+10+10) and one time 30t/ha EFBB in 1 season (BC30). The 5 biochar treatments were replicated 5 times in a RCBD layout with plot size of 1.5m x 2.0m. Three cropping cycles was established in November 2011, March 2012 and August 2012 respectively using bayam (Amaranthus viridis) as the test crop. EFBB was incorporated into the soil two weeks before transplanting. NPK 15:15:155 fertilizer was applied at the rate of 100kg N, 100kg K20 and 100kg P2O5 per hectare. Yield was recorded and plant tissue samples were collected for tissue analysis. Soil samples were taken from two different depths (0 - 20cm and 20 - 40cm) initially before planting and after each harvest for soil chemical analysis (pH, total C, total N, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable K, Ca and Mg. Soil carbon dioxide flux were also taken. Treatments with EFBB soil amendment showed significant increase in fresh yield compared to the treatment without biochar. However, there was no significant increase in yield with increasing EFBB rate. For soil properties after the first harvest, increasing EFBB rate showed significant increase in pH, and exchangeable K and Mg at 0-20 cm soil depth while exchangeable K was significant at the 20-40 cm soil depth. Similar trends were found for CEC and exchangeable K at 0-20 cm soil depth and total N and exchangeable K at 20-40 cm soil depth after the second harvest. At the third harvest, increasing EFBB application rate shows significant increase in CEC and exchangeable K for 0-20 cm soil depth and pH and exchangeable K in the 20-40 cm soil depth.


A burst mode optical receiver using two amplifiers having different bandwidth. The receiver includes an optical coupler separating an input optical signal into two parts and outputting the same, a delay circuit formed of a first optical fiber delaying an optical signal packet outputted through the optical coupler by a half of packet duration and a second optical fiber passing the optical signal packet without delay, and a first pre-amplifier having a high bandwidth for receiving an optical signal from the first optical fiber and amplifying the same and a second pre-amplifier having a low bandwidth for receiving an optical signal from the second optical fiber and amplifying the same, for thereby improving a receiving sensitivity without using a preamble bit.


A simple model is studied on the basis of Kogelnik's coupled wave theory in which a volume phase hologram is recorded by three infinite plane waves (two object beams and one reference beam), and subsequently illuminated by the reference beam. It is shown that both efficiency of power conversion and fidelity of reproduction deteriorate as the relative intensity of the reference beam decreases.


A free-energy function for binary polycrystalline solid solutions is developed based on pairwise nearest-neighbor interactions. The model permits intergranular regions to exhibit unique energetics and compositions from grain interiors, under the assumption of random site occupation in each region. For a given composition, there is an equilibrium grain size, and the alloy configuration in equilibrium generally involves solute segregation. The present approach reduces to a standard model of grain boundary segregation in the limit of infinite grain size, but substantially generalizes prior thermodynamic models for nanoscale alloy systems. In particular, the present model allows consideration of weakly segregating systems, systems away from the dilute limit, and is derived for structures of arbitrary dimensionality. A series of solutions for the equilibrium alloy configuration and grain size are also presented as a function of simple input parameters, including temperature, alloy interaction energies, and component grain boundary energies.


The contamination of personality inventories and attitude scales by acquiescent response style is a continuing problem. Research with a recently-devised conservatism scale demonstrates empirically that the balanced keying of items is sufficient to prevent such contamination if item ambiguity is kept to a minimum. Such a scale also enables a statistical assessment of the degree to which unbalanced scales are biased by this response style. As is well known, psychological tests do not predict human behavior with anything like the accuracy of, say, chemical tests in relation to the behavior of compounds. Part of the reason why many tests have low validity and/or reliability may be that they are not "pure" measures of the attributes under study; that is, the actual trait has been confounded with other measures, some of which are response styles. The purpose of this paper is to examine one kind of response style, known as "acquiescence" (although it includes both agreeing and disagreeing tendencies) and to report research on a recentlydevised scale of conservatism which may throw new light on a continuing problem. The term "acquiescence" was originally introduced to describe a tendency to agree rather than disagree with propositions in general. It has attracted attention because of its possible relevance to a wide range of tests, from proficiency tests to personality inventories to measures of vocational aptitude. Thus Cronbach has argued that in true-false tests some people have the habit of saying "true" when in doubt, while others are characteristically suspicious and respond "false" (Cronbach, 1960). Similarly, Lorge (1937) claimed that differences could be found in the way people responded with the "like" category to Strong Vocational Interest Blank items: one subject might use the


34 35 Filamentous actin has been shown to be essential for tip growth in an array of 36 plant models, including Physcomitrella patens. One hypothesis is that diffusion 37 can transport secretory vesicles, while actin plays a regulatory role during 38 secretion. Alternatively, it is possible that actin-based transport is necessary to 39 overcome vesicle transport limitations to sustain secretion. Therefore, a 40 quantitative analysis of diffusion, secretion kinetics and geometry is necessary to 41 clarify the role of actin in polarized growth. Using FRAP analysis, we first show 42 that secretory vesicles move toward and accumulate at the tip in an actin43 dependent manner. We then depolymerized F-actin to decouple vesicle diffusion 44 from actin-mediated transport, and measured the diffusion coefficient and 45 concentration of vesicles. Using these values, we constructed a theoretical 46 diffusion-based model for growth, demonstrating that with fast-enough vesicle 47 fusion kinetics, diffusion could support normal cell growth rates. We further 48 refined our model to explore how experimentally-extrapolated vesicle fusion 49 kinetics and the size of the secretion zone limit diffusion-based growth. This 50 model predicts that diffusion-mediated growth is dependent on the size of the 51 region of exocytosis at the tip, and that diffusion-based growth would be 52 significantly slower than normal cell growth. To further explore the size of the 53 secretion zone, we used a cell wall-degradation enzyme cocktail, and determined 54 that the secretion zone is smaller than 6 μm in diameter at the tip. Taken together 55 our results highlight the requirement for active transport in polarized growth and 56 provide important insight into vesicle secretion during tip growth. 57 58 www.plantphysiol.org on November 20, 2017 Published by Downloaded from Copyright © 2017 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. 3 Introduction 59 60 Precise regulation of exocytosis is essential to maintain polarized cell growth in a 61 variety of plant systems. Cell polarized growth, or tip growth, is a process by 62 which a cell grows in a unidirectional manner and is found ubiquitously 63 throughout the plant kingdom (Hepler et al., 2001). Pollen tubes, root hairs, and 64 moss protonemal cells have all emerged as models for this process (Hepler et 65 al., 2001; Menand et al., 2007). To achieve polar expansion in the presence of 66 uniform turgor pressure, these cells must spatially regulate the extensibility of the 67 cell wall (Winship et al., 2010; Hepler et al., 2013). This is achieved through the 68 polarized exocytosis of various cell wall materials and loosening enzymes (Rojas 69 et al., 2011). 70 How plant cells establish spatially directed exocytosis during polarized 71 growth has been the focus of a number of studies in the past decade (Cardenas 72 et al., 2008; McKenna et al., 2009; Moscatelli et al., 2012). Many of these efforts 73 have heavily implicated the cytoskeleton as a key player in exocytosis. Evidence 74 suggests that myosin XI transports vesicle containing cell wall materials via 75 filamentous actin (F-actin) to the growing tip of the cell (Vidali et al., 2010; 76 Madison and Nebenfuhr, 2013; Madison et al., 2015). In pollen tubes, a cortical 77 actin fringe several microns behind the cell tip has been shown to be essential in 78 polarized growth (Vidali et al., 2001; Lovy-Wheeler et al., 2005; Vidali et al., 79 2009). Rounds et al. have shown that the presence of this fringe is necessary for 80 the focusing of apical pectin deposition (Rounds et al., 2014). However, work 81 with FM dyes supports the hypothesis that exocytosis happens along an annulus 82 behind the cell tip (Bove et al., 2008; Zonia and Munnik, 2008). In moss 83 protonemal cells, the actin cytoskeleton concentrates at the extreme cell apex 84 (Vidali et al., 2009). At this extreme apex, vesicle fluctuations have been shown 85 to predict F-actin fluctuations (Furt et al., 2013). Furthermore Myosin XI, which is 86 essential for tip growth (Vidali et al., 2010), can also anticipate actin fluctuations 87 (Furt et al., 2013). ROP GTPases, which have been thought to initiate tip growth 88 (Lee and Yang, 2008), have been shown to influence apical filamentous actin 89 dynamics and concentrations (Burkart et al., 2015). 90 www.plantphysiol.org on November 20, 2017 Published by Downloaded from Copyright © 2017 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. 4 Significant work has been done to probe the molecular players involved in 91 cytoskeletal mediated exocytosis, however, there is a growing need to 92 demonstrate a mechanistic link between F-actin and polarized growth (Rounds 93 and Bezanilla, 2013). Although the actin fringe has been modeled in pollen tubes 94 (Sanati Nezhad et al., 2014), to the best of our knowledge, the role of apical F95 actin in other, slower polar growth systems, is yet to be examined. What are the 96 physical limitations an active transport system like the actin cytoskeleton must 97 overcome to facilitate vesicle exocytosis and sustain polarized growth? Vesicle 98 concentrations and diffusion coefficients, exocytic reaction kinetics, cell growth 99 rates, and the size of the active region of exocytosis, all place specific limitations 100 on the actin-based transport system. Quantifying these fundamental 101 requirements will provide key insight into understanding the requirement for 102 transport in this system. 103 Without a quantitative assessment of the potential physical limitations 104 outlined above, we can hypothesize several functions for the actin cytoskeleton. 105 For example, it could serve as a means to overcome slow vesicle diffusion 106 limitations to drive exocytosis. The actin cytoskeleton could also function to 107 surpass slow reaction kinetics associated with vesicle fusion events on the 108 plasma membrane. It is also possible that exocytosis is confined to a relatively 109 small area on the plasma membrane; the actin cytoskeleton could then function 110 as a means to focus vesicles to this small exotic zone. Finally, it also remains a 111 possibility that F-actin active transport is not required to sustain polarized growth. 112 To better understand how F-actin influences vesicle transport, we 113 fluorescently labeled the v-SNARE, VAMP72 (Sanderfoot, 2007) in the moss 114 Physcomitrella patens (Vidali and Bezanilla, 2012). P. patens was chosen here 115 because it does not exhibit large organelle cytoplasmic streaming (Shimmen, 116 2007) which can complicate the analysis of vesicle transport (Furt et al., 2012). 117 Instead, P. patens only exhibits two modes of vesicle transport, namely diffusion 118 and active transport along the cytoskeleton. We visualized these modes of 119 transport, and performed Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (McNally, 12


Aeolian dust affects significantly global climate change,and its source is one of the focuses in research on sand-dust storms.In this paper,the domestic and foreign research progress of dust source of sand-dust storms are reviewed from the aspects of historic references,geological records,modern long-term observations and sand-dust storm events.Some problems of dust source of sand-dust storms are discussed.


The story of football being played between British and German troops at Christmas 1914 has become an established part of World War I legend. This chapter examines the story of the 133rd Royal Saxon Regiment and the 2 Battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.


Retired spacecraft and spent launch vehicle upper stages in geostationary transfer orbits (GTOs) threaten operational spacecraft in both low Earth orbits and geostationary orbits. Atmospheric re-entry is the preferred end-of-life disposal strategy for low-perigee GTOs. When natural decay of the GTO is not fast enough, an active de-orbiting maneuver is necessary for lowering the perigee. Because of the eccentricity oscillation caused by luni-solar perturbations, de-orbiting maneuvers performed at different timings will affect the GTO differently. Therefore, finding the best timing for the de-orbiting maneuver can exploit the natural luni-solar perturbations to enhance de-orbiting. In this paper, the timing of a de-orbiting maneuver, which is performed at apogee to lower the perigee, is analyzed for retired spacecraft in GTOs. Through analysis and simulations, we find and verify that the minimum point in the eccentricity oscillation is the best timing for the de-orbiting maneuver. With this optimal timing, luni-solar perturbations can be utilized, and the perigee height of the disposal orbit after maneuver will be the lowest among all disposal orbits with different de-orbiting timings. Because of the highly sensitive dynamics introduced by the solar apsidal resonance, a lower perigee can guarantee faster decays of the semi-major axis and eccentricity, as well as an earlier solar apsidal resonance, but cannot guarantee a shorter orbital lifetime.


Low corporate investment is not caused by a lack of profitable opportunities but by the bonus culture. It can therefore be cured if its perverse incentives are reversed. Official estimates for trend growth rates are very optimistic. The risk of falling living standards should be a matter of major public concern but is not. This is damaging as problems are unlikely to be solved unless widely debated. One persistent problem is that growth is largely discussed in terms of technology rather than investment. The threat that we will soon be replaced by machines attracts much more attention than the problem that this is not happening fast enough to boost productivity. It is also nonsense to claim that companies are not investing in order to reduce debt, or that demand is inadequate. The post hoc fallacy remains a barrier to sensible debate.


We prove a theorem that generalizes in a way both Michael's Selection Theorem and Dugundji's Simultaneous Extension Theorem. We use it to prove that if K is an uncountable compact metric space and X a Banach space, then C(K,X) is isomorphic to C(C, X) where C denotes the Cantor set. For X = R, this gives the well known Milyutin Theorem.


The inventories of books and paintings belonging to D. Duarte of Braganza and found in some of his houses of Evora, Oropesa and Madrid, provide a better understanding of one of the most interesting figures in Portugal during the rule of the Philips. A son of Infanta D. Catarina and brother of Duke D. Teodosio, his estates in Castile are considered a touchstone of the policies of Philip I regarding the House of Braganza. For all of his life, the Duke remained loyal to his ancestry, as shown in his correspondence and paintings, as well as in manuscripts and works dedicated to him in the early 17th century. The study of his library reveals the existence of a large number of titles concerning court and state matters as well as of the governance of the household, which may provide extremely relevant information on the culture of the nobility in the Iberian Peninsula during its Siglos de Oro.


The objective of this review is to identify opportunities for improved pasture and forest management to contribute both to poverty reduction and increased living standards, and to improve management and protection of upper watersheds. The review has been undertaken within the context of the Interim National Strategy for Poverty Reduction (INSPR) process, and addresses three objectives of the Country Assistance Strategy: poverty reduction; sustained growth through removal of impediments to private sector activity; and improved governance. The review was designed to provide recommendations that could be implemented through existing natural resources management projects such as the Central Asia Transboundary Biodiversity project (World Bank/GEF), the Sheep Development Project (IDA), and the Agricultural Support Services Project (IDA). The audience for this review is stakeholders in the Kyrgyz Republic engaged in poverty reduction and natural resources management, including decision makers, line ministries, technical professionals, and non-governmental organizations.


Both Parkinson's disease and tardive dyskinesia have been shown to cause a wide range of eating and swallowing disturbances that can result in life-threatening complications, such as sudden choking, aspiration, and malnutrition (1,2). Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a most reliable symptom and should not be dismissed as an emotional disturbance (3). Psychotropic medications are etiologically implicated in the swallowing disorders of patients with Parkinson's disease and tadive dyskinesia by a variety ofpathophysiologic factors. First, dysphagia is present in up to 50 percent of patients with Parkinson's disease, and complications from dysphagia are a frequent cause of death among these patients. The anatomic basis of swallowing dysfunction is demonstrated radiographically in the proximal pharyngeal and esophageal musculature (2). It is thought that these areas are predominantly under central dopaminergic control and treatable with antiparkinsonian agents. By blocking dopaminergic transmission, neuroleptic


Abstract : If phenothiazine is present in the monomer mixture, arylenedisilanols and cyclosiloxazanes, with p-phenylenebis(methylvinylsilanol) present to insure crosslinking sites, provide polymers with inherent viscosities up to 3.5 dl/g. The polymers can be compounded and cured by conventional procedures. Condensation products of oxydi-p-phenylenebis(dimethylsilanol) and cyclosiloxazanes were studied in detail and elastomers with ultimate tensile strengths of 600-800 psi and 50-150% elongation at break were obtained. Some polymers were also prepared from p-phenyl-enebis(dimethylsilanol). Depending on the particular structure the polymers retained 15-70% of their strength after 24 hr at 250 C in a closed vessel and 60-80% of their strength after 500 hr in a circulating air oven at 260 C. Exposed to water-saturated air at 65-95 C for 500 hr they retained 45-65% of their strength. Brittle points as low as -100 C were obtained. The first event in the thermal decomposition of these polymers in air is methyl group oxidation. The polymer with the widest range of useful properties was prepared from p-phenylenebis(dimethylsilanol) and decamethyl-1,5- dioxa-3,7-diaza-2,4,6,8-tetrasilacyclooctane. Polymers from arylene-disilanols and cyclodisilazane monomers either gave very low strength elastomers or could not be cured. Improved methods of synthesis for a number of the monomers are reported.


Three species of Zehneria subg. Zehneria are accepted for Java and Bali: Z. mucronata (Blume) Miq., Z. perpusilla (Blume) Bole & Almeida, and Z. repanda (Blume) C. Simmons, comb. nov. They are defined, keyed out, and lectotypified.


In the mandatory application of the CPTED, only negative parts of urban parks and vegetation were reflected. Therefore, this study tries to present the positive effects of urban parks and vegetation. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effects of urban parks and vegetation on crime occurrence and to suggest the planning implications of this to CPTED based on theory related to crime, environmental psychology, and crime occurrence analysis. This study used the crime occurrence data of Seoul, NDVI, population, distance from urban park, floating population, and the like. This study collected data from the Statistics Korea, the local government, and Landsat 8 satellite images provided by the USGS and created data of environmental variables and social variables by district using ArcGIS and statistical program. Literature analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and geographically weighted regression were used to determine the relationship between crime occurrence and environmental variables, and to discuss its implication. It was found that crime occurrence has a relationship with the total population ( β = .663), the number of amusement facilities ( β = .447) and the area of a police station jurisdiction ( β = .395). This confirms that a crime rate is low when the floating population is large ( β = —.241) and vegetation vitality is high (NDVI, β = —.281). Vegetation vitality (NDVI) is effective in lowering violence through psychological stabilization, strengthening territoriality and improving regional image. The implications for the allocation of urban park and vegetation, program and management plan of urban park and vegetation to reduce crime occurrence have therefore been presented.


A self-administered audit has been developed to assess new product introduction in a company by the outcome of the process and, using a staff survey, by the likely behavior of future project teams. The audit provides both initial and continuing assessment. The paper concludes with brief results from case studies in medium-sized high-tech companies.


The results of extensive site observations of weathering patterns (defined as staining, discoloration, or the like) of building facades in a city environment are presented. A primary objective of the research is to determine the relationship between profile variations of precast concrete wall panels, water flow, and resulting weathering patterns. A comprehensive classification of panel shapes arranges panels with common shape characteristics and staining patterns. General categories of projecting frames, flush or punched openings, heavily sculptured, and plain types are analyzed with respect to both large-scale and small-scale staining patterns. An analysis of design details that influence staining patterns is included. Moreover, investigations for a preliminary mathematical model of water runoff over facade surfaces are also described. Finally, a number of pragmatic recommendations are established to guide panel designers.