This article presents an analysis of the trajectory of a public primary school teacher of Rio de Janeiro's city and a militant in the labor movement, Elisa Scheid, based on her writings and records of her activities published in widely circulated newspapers of the city and in those linked to labor movements. The study is part of a wider research on the trajectory of women, focusing on teachers and their participation in the struggles for civil, political and labor rights between the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. The analysis suggests that Elisa Scheid formed a broad network of sociability based on her family experiences her educational background, on her primary teaching practice in the suburbs of Rio and on her participation in associations, publications and formal political organizations. She participated in the creation and was part of the board of the Workers Union of Engenho de Dentro and the Independent Workers Party. Despite historical constraints and inequalities based on gender, class and race, our hypothesis is that Elisa Scheid performed a prominent leadership in defending workers' rights and education. She was engaged in political propaganda and worked for the formation of workers associations. Traces of her trajectory portrayed in this article, along with that of other teachers of her time, demonstrate how women occupied several spaces, at least those women of educated circles. Their struggles challenge the current representation of a supposed predominance of female experiences limited to the domestic world in that historical context.


The literature reflects substantial controversy regarding the dimensionality of various scores derived from a variety of patient management problem tests. The purposes of this study were to determine (1) the dimensionality of 20 problem score measures derived from a nationally standardized written clinical simulation examination and (2) the stability and generalizability of the resulting factor structure across both examinee groups and test forms. Test score data from two independent national samples that completed the same test form were obtained (Ni = 2,812; N2 = 312); a third independent national sample completed a different test form (N3 = 2,546). Each of the three 20 x 20 intercorrelations was subjected to confirmatory factor analysis in an attempt to validate a two-dimensional solution, but such a solution could not be substantiated. Subsequent exploratory factor analyses yielded consistent one-factor solutions for each of the three data sets, demonstrating generalizability and stability of this one-factor structure across both different groups of examinees and different tests forms. This study clearly demonstrated that for the examination under study, there is only one underlying dimension rather than two as suggested in the literature and reflected in the existing test scoring practice.


We experimentally demonstrated optoelectronic integrated circuits which generate selectable high-order harmonics from optical frequency combs to enable terahertz generation. These two-tone sources based on mode-locked lasers monolithically integrated with frequency multipliers are developed in an InP generic foundry approach.


Designs a controllable anti-skid equipment based former antiskid equipment in order to solve the sliding problem of mining friction hoist.The each part of the controllable anti-skid equipment was researched,and relevant mathematical model was set up,and control engineering theory was used to get the relevant respond curve.So the relevant factors that affect the respond speed of hydraulic system can be educed.


The invention discloses an anti-corrosion aluminum alloy and a production process thereof. The anti-corrosion aluminum alloy comprises the following components: not greater than 0.5wt% of silicon, not greater than 0.1wt% of copper, 1.0 to 1.3wt% of manganese, 2.5 to 3.5wt% of magnesium, not greater than 0.5wt% of iron, not greater than 0.005wt% of other elements, and 94.905 to 96.5wt% of aluminum. The process for producing the anti-corrosion aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: smelting, namely, smelting the alloy elements of the anti-corrosion aluminum alloy based on the mass percentage until all the alloy elements are molten; purifying, namely, purifying an aluminum melt obtained in smelting; casting, namely, casting the purified aluminum melt to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot; homogenizing, namely, heating and homogenizing the aluminum alloy cast ingot; cooling, namely, cooling the homogenized aluminum melt; the purifying step includes refining, standing, degasing online, and doublet filtering. Compared with a traditional aluminum alloy, the anti-corrosion aluminum alloy is high in corrosion resistance; in addition, the production process of such aluminum alloy is low in energy consumption, and high in metal utilization rate.


During the 12-month period January–December 1994, an estimate 66.3 million visits were made to outpatient departments (OPD's) of non-Federal, short-stay and general hospitals in the United States—25.6 visits per 100 persons. This was not significantly different from the 1993 rat of 24.6 visits per 100 persons. This report presents data on outpatient department visits from the 1994 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), a national probability survey conducted b the Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The survey was inaugurat in December 1991 to gather and disseminate information about the hea care provided by hospital emergency and outpatient departments to the population of the United States. It is endorsed by the American Hospital Association, the Emergency Nurses Association, and the American College of Emergency Physicians. This report presents data on OPD patient characteristics and visit characteristics. Another Advance Data


The paper introduces a kind of new method of measuring modal parameters and mode of vibration of the circular saw blades by means of the acoustics principle and a non-contact mode sound meter sensor, it belongs to upper veracity,reliability and engineering application value.


the main problem encountered during the complex oil/gas reservoir exploration: gas cap reservoir is gas cap fingering,which resulting in the trip gas of oil well.The way to resolve the problem is to form the waterbarrier at the gas-oil interface by water injection in order to isolate the gas cap and the reservoir,restrict the gas fingering,and the trip gas.This paper takes the in the Mobei 2 Well section of Xinjiang oil field as example to conductthe shelter water injection technique study in gas cap reservoir.


The utility model discloses a Chinese chestnut exuviating machine, which comprises that an engine drives a small cylinder in a big cylinder running through a gearing, the gearing drives axle of auger free suited on the small cylinder freely running, the circle external below the auger is provided with a row of raw blade axle with two raw blades, the surface of the small cylinder and the inner surface of the large cylinder opposite the small cylinder are stuffed with concave-convex flexible material, the other engine drives the blowing devices running, below the discharge hole and the air outlet of the blowing device juxtaposes in file and connected to a winnowing device consists of a collection box for chestnut, crust and covers. The utility model is characterized in that: the chestnut is put into the large cylinder from feeding inlet and the crust is lacerated by the raw blade, which is extruded, rubbed and stricken in the concave-convex flexible material between large cylinder and small cylinder, and then the chestnut is exuviated and peeled after winnowing. The utility model has integral structure, simple mechanical structure and high exuviating rate.


Reprocessing printed source material and facilitating large-scale qualitative as well as quantitative analyses with digital methods poses many challenges. A case study on approximately 10,000 inventory entries for legal cases from the Special Court Munich (1933– 1945) highlights those and offers a glimpse into a digitisation workflow that allows for in-depth computer-aided analysis. For this paper, different methods and procedures for developing categorisation systems for legal charges are discussed.


A business group is a set of firms which are linked together by common ownership and other informal ties.As one type of the new organizations after Chinese economical reforms,business groups have caught great attention among the scholars.Based on institutional theory,resource-based theory,resource dependence theory and agency theory,using a data set compiled largely from listed firms in Shanghai Securities Exchange and Shenzhen Securities Exchange,we analyze the effects of business group growth on diversification and firm profitability.The research results show that hypotheses are supported by the data.


Objective To assess the clinical value of Multi-slice CT three-dimensional reconstruction in the diagnosis of concealed rib fracture. Methods 100 inpatients with chest trauma who came to our emergency during June 2009 to November 2011 were recruited in this study.Chest X-ray examination and multi-slice CT scan were performed among all patients to explore if there was difference between these two methods in the detection rate of fracture. Results Among 88 patients who were diagnosed as fracture by CT,only 63.64% could be also diagnosed by Chest X-ray.The detection rate of costal cartilage fracture and linear fracture(0% and 22.2% respectively) were lower compared with the detection rate of depressed fracture and comminuted fracture(65.6% and 83.8% respectively).The detection rate of multi-slice CT was higher than that of chest X-ray. Conclusion Multi-slice three-dimensional reconstruction was of great clinical value in the diagnosis of concealed rib fracture.The application of this examination could greatly enhance the doctor's diagnosis and treatment,to detect lesions and to promote the rehabilitation of patients.


The declaration of Exception States refers to a "legal corpus" outlined in the Constitutions, destined to regulate factual situations of emergencies, the competence to assess the configuration of the situation and to declare it, the formal requirements that must precede this declaration, the enumeration of the measures to be issued and, eventually, the guarantees provided in the event of a crisis. Its conception evolved from what was known as the right of exception, until after the Second World War, which is constituted as a constitutional precept. In Latin America it has been used in states of emergency, as Ecuador will apply it in the period 2019 and 2020, in the face of two crisis events aroused, in October 2019 followed by the global pandemic. Hence, the present study focuses its attention on these events as an object of study, given the decrees of exception, and from the perspective of communication strategies in the declaration of said states, an analysis is developed on their strengths and weaknesses. Study that does not pretend to be conclusive, showing pros and cons, showing the vulnerability of society, but also showing the participation and measures that a nation state must take in situations such as the current pandemic; It is intended with this documentary research, to promote future research that deepens the controversial topic


Summary Effects on lipid metabolism in rats were studied of (1) commercially available whole wheat flour (WW) and (2) hard-red winter (HRW) whole wheat and mill-fractions in cholesterol-free diets. For similar food intake, dietary WW as compared with white flour (WF) increased bile acid excretion, fecal dry weight, pellet number and size. The activities of hepatic dehydrogenases in the hexose-monophosphate shunt pathway were significantly higher in WW-fed than in WF-fed rats, and malic enzyme activity showed a similar trend. These higher enzyme activities are associated with a trend of higher levels of cholesterol in serum and liver and bigger size of abdominal fat pads. The effects on lipid metabolism varied among fractions of HRW whole wheat and mill-fractions. Cholesterol contents of both serum and liver were higher in rats fed whole wheat and low-grade flour diets than those fed shorts-germ and patent diets. Rats fed bran diet, however, had low serum cholesterol content. The levels of serum and liver total lipid also varied among groups and showed no consistent pattern in relation to cholesterol levels. The excretion of neutral steroids was significantly higher in rats fed whole wheat than in rats fed any other diets. The results suggest that a factor in wheat affected the levels of cholesterol in serum and liver and was concentrated in the low-grade flour fraction and also that dietary fiber from wheat did not alter cholesterol levels in serum and liver.


: Desert steppe is distributed in the semiarid and arid areas and is extremely sensitive to climate change. However, limited field observations and lack of community surveys have resulted in insufficient research on the vegetation phenology and productivity of the desert steppe. Based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from the MODIS dataset during 2000 - 2017, we used a relative threshold method to extract the phenological parameters in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, including the start of growing season (SOS), the end of growing season (EOS), and the length of growing season (LOS). We then estimated the spatiotemporal changes in net primary productivity (NPP) of the desert steppe vegetation by the Carnegie- Ames- Stanford Approach (CASA) model. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between desert steppe productivity, phenophases, and climate variables. Our results show that: 1) during the study period, SOS advanced significantly at a rate of 0.88 d/a ( P <0.05), while EOS advanced at a rate of 0.13 d/a (non- significant). The average LOS lengthened significantly by 0.76 d/a ( P <0.05). The SOS was correlated negatively with mean temperature from February to April in 81.53% pixels (8.21% was significant) and negatively correlated with April precipitation in 60.80% pixels (6.12% was significant). The EOS showed a negative relationship with mean temperature in September in 65.16% pixels (5.03% was significant) but positively correlated with precipitation from July to September in 78.61% pixels (10.12% was significant). 2) The average annual NPP from 2000 to 2017 was 104.71gC/(m 2 · a) in the study area, showing regional differences with an obviously decreasing trend from east to west. Net primary productivity in spring, summer, and the growing season increased insignificantly, while NPP in autumn showed an insignificant decreasing trend. The increase of precipitation in the growing season is beneficial to the accumulation of ecosystem NPP. 3) Advance of SOS was conducive to the accumulation of spring NPP, and the delay of EOS promoted the accumulation of autumn NPP. There was a significant correlation between the LOS and NPP during the growing season ( P <0.05). This study revealed the impacts of climate change on vegetation phenology and productivity of the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, which is significant for ecosystem management and ecological construction of the region.


DISCUSSION • Significant increases in overall diversity and richness between 2007 and 2016 (Fig. 1; Table 1-2) indicate that the length of time since the establishment of an AR is an important factor to be considered when developing monitoring programs and objectives for an AR. • Fish density was significantly higher at FH (Fig. 3) and does not appear to be affected by increased habitat complexity, as indicated by higher macroalgal diversity at RB (Fig. 4) than FH in 2016. • Despite the extreme seasonality at this study site with the onset of winter in Alaska and senescence of macroalgal species, no significant changes were observed in community structure over the June-Dec 2016 time period (Fig. 5). Several understory species were observed to progressively senesce through the second period, while canopy-forming macroalgae remained as potential refuge for other organisms. • Ongoing research includes 1) an assessment of environmental factors influencing dense microhabitats observed within several of the Fish Haven structures and 2) a methods comparison to determine accuracy of in situ diver observations compared to photographic quadrats. METHODS Demersal fish, macroalgal and invertebrates assemblages were quantified at two types of artificial reef (AR) structures: Fish Havens (FH) and Reef Balls (RB), and compared to assemblages found in 2007 (Reynolds 2009). Six AR plots containing both structure types (n = 3 RB; n = 3 FH) are located on a slope of mixed hard/soft bottom substrate between depths 12-20 m in Smitty's Cove in Whittier, Alaska. Each plot consists of n = 30 either RB or FH, totalling180 structures.


The purpose of this study was to investigate oncological and functional results of enoral laser microsurgery in treatment for cancer of the oral cavity.


Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD) with the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine.Methods: 180 AECOPD patients were randomly divided into one treatment group and one control group.90 patients in the control group were treated with routine western medicine while 90 patients in the treatment group were treated with the phlegm-reducing and lung-heat-removing decoction besides the routine western medicine.The treatment course of the two groups lasted 10 days.Results: The total effective rate of the treatment group was 95.55% while the total effective rate of the control group was 83.33%.The clinical symptoms,pulmonary signs,chest X-rays,lung function,blood gas analysis of the two groups significantly improved after the treatment and the effectiveness of the treatment group was better than that of the control group(P0.05).Conclusion: The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine has a better effect on the treatment of AECOPD patients.


Abstract Russian data from five cruises during the period 1949 to 1952 are compared with observations taken during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) P1W in 1993 to examine changes which may have occurred in the Sea of Okhotsk during the latter half of the last century. A basin‐wide warming (0.1°‐0.3°C) and freshening (0.05–0.1 psu) of the Sea of Okhotsk was found to have occurred over the latter part of the 20th century. Since the Sea of Okhotsk is thought to be the major source for North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), calculations were made to determine whether or not these changes in the Sea of Okhotsk water properties were consistent with evidence of large‐scale freshening of intermediate waters in the North Pacific. From several Okhotsk‐to‐Pacific salt flux calculations, we conclude that the Sea of Okhotsk was capable of causing the freshening noted in the NPIW over the past half century under certain assumed outflow conditions.


A study on the level of indoor radon and thoron in some dwellings of Lakhimpur district, Assam has been presented in this communication. A total of twenty houses were selected and analyzed for radon and thoron emission. The implications presented in this paper are based on statistical analyses of the raw data. Normal distribution analysis (NDA) and ANNOVA are employed to find out the distribution pattern and other related information. Differences between mean and median in each case, high standard deviation, significant kurtosis and skewness indicate that radon and thoron emission in the study area exhibit unsymmetrical distribution with a long asymmetric tail, extending either towards higher or lower values with respect to the median. The study establishes the presence of radioactive emission in the dwellings of the district of Lakhimpur.


Homology‐directed repair (HDR)‐mediated genome editing has become a powerful method for altering chromosomal sequences in a seamless and accurate manner. However, the low efficiency of HDR in most cells hinders the establishment of desired strains harboring accurately modified genomes. To enhance HDR‐mediated knock‐in events, we explored two approaches, namely low‐temperature incubation and chemical compound administration using medaka embryos after microinjection. We validated the performance of each method by calculating the knock‐in efficiencies according to the expression area of fluorescent protein in the embryos. The in vivo assay indicated that the reduction in temperature did not promote HDR events, whereas among the nine compounds screened, the small molecule L755507 could enhance the HDR‐mediated targeted integration of reporter cassettes. Additionally, the L755507‐based approach allowed for the simultaneous integration of two different DNA fragments into the two targeted loci, that is, double knock‐in. Our established knock‐in system combining L755507, donor plasmids, and the CRISPR/Cas9 nickase system can reduce the workload for genetically modified strain generation, thus accelerating studies on the molecular mechanisms of biological phenomena.


This study was concerned with the examination of 120 strains of Gram-aegative bacilli belonging to the Klebsiella group isolated from patients observed over a one-year period who were suffering with infections owing to these organisms. The identification of these organisms was based on the criteria set forth in the most recent report of the Subcommittee on Taxonomy of the Enterobacteriaceae 1 and of Edwards and Ewing. 2 In general, these organisms were nonmotile, Gram-negative, encapsulated bacilli which fermented glucose, lactose, and sucrose. They did not produce H2S and were indole negative. They did utilize ammonium citrate as the sole source of carbon but failed to decarboxylate ornithine. Sixty-three strains were isolated from the urinary tract, 38 strains from the respiratory system, and 19 strains from other sources. Of the 38 strains isolated from the respiratory system, 34 were obtained from nasopharyngeal secretions and sputum, 2 from pleural fluid, and 2 from lung tissue taken at autopsy. Of the 19 strains isolated from


It seems she had overheard me saying that nurses were very resilient. She says she 'might' want to be a nurse so she was just checking what it was. I could recall the conversation; a friend had asked how people were coping with all the things happening at work. It was a reasonable question given all the issues we have had to face in the last few weeks as an organisation. Waiting-list targets, a fire that gutted a ward, a report about management culture and a change in chief executive have kept us in the headlines locally, if not nationally. Now we are responding to the Legionella outbreak in the city and all the consequences of that in terms of patient needs, public health and service capacity. Of course we are a large health board of 28 000 people so most of these things affect different parts of the organisation and yes, through it all, nurses just keep calm and carry on caring, showing I think, our resilience as a work force. But at the moment, the people I think are showing extraordinary resilience are some of our operational managers. These are not usually a crowd of people who get put in the spotlight. When things go well, it is clinical staff that rightly get the praise and attention. When things go wrong, a director like myself often does the explaining and apologising on behalf of the organisation. But somewhere in the middle, are the operational managers, who are making sure the service continues to run smoothly despite the chaos and, in doing so, show themselves to be resilient, as well as making sure the service, itself, is resilient. I do appreciate that resilience is one of those words you hear on leadership courses or that some people put on their CV without ever really thinking about it but I do think it is a very important trait to have in the NHS these days as clinician or manager. As I thought Melanie Hornett Nurse Director NHS Lothian Health Board about resilience, the conversation about elastic nurses with my daughter, and how staff were coping in my workplace as discussed with my friend, I contemplated the real resilience shown by operational managers. The current working life of an operational manager in the NHS is hard going in the face of performance and quality targets, financial restraint and ever-increasing expectations from patients and staff alike. Now many operational managers were once nurses, but not all. Some have passed through management training schemes and MBAs, others not. But what they all need to have in common are the characteristics that


Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors should use the least amount of power possible when integrated into wearables as battery life is one of the main concerns in wearable area. In this context, we propose a system which can collect PPG signals under ambient light conditions without turning on any LED of the PPG sensor (NO-LED mode). The system consists of an efficient analog front end, a photodiode and a microprocessor. Results show that PPG signals recorded with the proposed system under different ambient light conditions can be placed in reliable or acceptable category. Moreover, heart rate estimated from NO-LED mode PPG signal shows less than 6% error when compared with heart rate estimated from a typical PPG signal acquired with LED on. Since LED is the most power consuming part of the PPG sensor, the proposed system has potential for increasing the battery life of PPG sensor-based wearables.


The invention relates to a chemical separation procedure for burnup analysis of a spent fuel element. The chemical separation procedure comprises the following steps of: (I) dissolving a spent fuel element block, namely putting the spent fuel element block into concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid mixed liquid with the volume ratio of 3:1 to make the spent fuel element block be completely dissolved, and cooling the dissolving liquid to room temperature; (II) diluting the dissolving liquid, namely mixing the dissolving liquid cooled in the step (I) and nitric acid, uniformly stirring the dissolving liquid and the nitric acid to obtain diluted dissolving liquid; and (III) separating uranium, plutonium, molybdenum and neodymium by a column chromatography method through the diluted dissolving liquid obtained in the step (II). The invention establishes a novel chemical separation procedure for measuring the burnup of the spent fuel element; according to the chemical separation procedure, some novel levextrel, ion exchange material and high performance liquid chromatography technologies are adopted, so that chemical separation of the uranium, the plutonium, the molybdenum and the neodymium is realized; the operation procedure is greatly simplified; the operation difficulty is reduced; and the radiation to researchers is reduced.


In recent times, there are many areas of daily functioning when intuition is thought to serve a useful function, especially in regard to decision making and business. However, scientific research on the construct is sparse. This study aims to advance our understanding of the concept and measurement of intuition and to compare responses on 2 different types of measures of intuition in determining intuition from interests, personality, and experiences. Fifty-three first year psychology students completed the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI) and the Accumulated Clues Task (ACT) to estimate their intuitive traits and ability. Participants also completed an intuitive interests measure and an intuitive experiences questionnaire. The 2 intuition measures were not related, suggesting that they may measure different dimensions of intuition or even different constructs. In general, intuitive interests, personality, and experiences predicted scores on MBTI Intuition but not ACT Intuition. Scores on the MBTI Intuition were correlated with personality (Openness and Extraversion) and were predicted by interests in Artistic, Unconventional, Adventure-Seeking, Innovation, Exploration, and Discovery; scores on ACT Intuition were predicted by an interest in adventure-seeking activities but were not predicted by personality, cognitive interest components, or the majority of behavioral interest components. High MBTI intuitive individuals reported that they had had premonitions about the future that had come true, and that they used intuition frequently, when there was uncertainty and the facts were limited. Suggestions are made for future research into this elusive construct.


Internet of Things is getting wide-spread attention since it became easily accessible with the low costs nodes. In a typical internet of things application, the data sensed by nodes is usually sent to a central device which collects the information and can act as a gateway towards other networks. In this way the data can be processed in order to command the actuators to perform special tasks. In such networks 6LowPAN together with RPL protocol can be used as an enabler technology. In this study we implemented a 6LowPAN network using Contiki operating system in order to collect information coming from different sensors residing in nodes and stored this information in a database to be accessed by Internet. In our 6LowPAN network nodes send UDP packets to a UDP Server located in a low cost rapid prototyping device.


The standards listed here are based on the standards issued by the American National Standards Institute and the General Services Administration of the U.S. Government, the two organizations responsible for Federal accessibility standards. The majority of the environmental modifications recommended by both organizations are for physically rather than visually handicapped persons. The standards presented below pertain directly to the blind and visually handicapped.


The invention discloses a dual-frequency nonlinear vector network parameter testing device and method and belongs to the dual-frequency nonlinear vector network parameter testing field. The dual-frequency nonlinear vector network parameter testing device and method of the invention is put forward based on nonlinear behavior model characterization problems and nonlinear vector network parameter testing situations of a microwave component. According to the device and method of the invention, the nonlinear model parameters of a nonlinear component are redefined, and the definition of a test parameter is provided, namely, the definition of a W parameter is provided, and therefore, dual-frequency nonlinear behavior characterization and testing problems of the microwave component can be solved, and the measurement of the nonlinear characteristics of a mixer, an amplifier and a passive component can be facilitated. The device and method have a high popularization value.


In the rough machining process, contour-parallel is the most popular machining method. The method can detect and remove uncut regions i n generating contour-parallel tool-path for pocketing, though having long reco gnized the importance of the uncut problem in pocketing, there are few investiga tions that have been reported on detecting and removing uncut regions. And aimin g at some technology characters and practical requirement of high-speed milling (HSM), this paper proposes a tool-path generation algorithm on automatic recogn ition uncut free pocketing for HSM. In machining operation, the feed-speed is c onst antly maintained as much as possible and the uncut free pocketing is automatical ly recognized by using the algorithm. Results show that the method can prolong c utter life, damps vibration from spindle, simplify processes and enhance product ivity. It works efficiently and stably with Superman2000 CAD/CAM system softwar e.


From modern medical imaging to antique photography, there exists vast amounts of illustrations and photographs that lack color information. Adding color to these images could help improve both visual appeal and expressiveness. Given that the majority of colorization methods rely heavily on user interaction, we would like to explore how machine learning techniques can be applied to the colorization process of grayscale images, and then analyze the limitations of each of these techniques.


Exercise provides multiple benefits to an individual. the beneficial effect of exercise on psychomotor performance is still subject of debate. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of short term exercise on auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT). Fifty healthy subjects were included in the study, 25 of healthy male subjects who were not exercising forms (group I) and 25 healthy female subjects who did not perform any exercise forms (group II).


In arc welding, material is transferred from the we{ding electrode to the work in the form of droplets. To a,certain extent the size of these dropiets tietermines the welding characteristics of the electrode. In order to provide data regarding the droplet size, films have been made of the transfer of the weld metal, with a camera taking up to 3000 frames per second. With the same camera, colourfilms have also been made which present 'a ueryclear picture of the welding process as a whole. 621.791.75: 778.534.83


An ultra-wideband feed horn is designed and fabricated in the frequency range 0.7 to 4 GHz. The scientific goals are to improve pulsar timing observations by allowing continuous coverage of the band. Given the GBT optics, mechanical limitations constrain the optimization of the maximum aperture efficiency to minimum system noise temperature ratio. To achieve these goals a quad-ridge design is selected. A technique is developed for the manufacture of a low loss vacuum window with adequate strength and low permeability. Measurements of the far field patterns, noise temperature and GBT system equivalent flux density are compared to model-based predictions. Modifications of the ridge profiles to control the modal content and improve efficiency are explored.


In recent times increasing emphasis has been given to the need for contemporary workers to be highly-skilled, adaptable and flexible, able to readily apply existing knowledge and skills to new situations, and prepared and capable of engaging in new learning as circumstances warrant. Universities have been challenged in these circumstances to respond with 'work ready' graduates and with curriculum and pedagogy that is more relevant to the workplace. One response from universities has been to explore ways in which the workplace can be more effectively integratedinto the university experience through cooperative programs with industry. The workplace is thus increasingly present as a learning reSOlll'ce and a site of learning in the university sector. This paper explores the role of current literature on workplace learning in infonning the implementation of workplace learning either work placements, internships, or activities drawing upon students' workplace experiences for learning. Drawing on the work of a range of authors in this field, including Eraut (2004), Kemmis (2005) and Billett (2006), we examine the nature of workplace learning and explore the challenges and possibilities of the workplace as a site for learning. The convergence between work-related skills and knowledge, an:1 work-related personal dispositions is highlighted and pedagogical implications arising from this are discussed.


Nazi propaganda differed from the GDR's in that it was home‐grown rather than imposed from the outside, downplayed theory, preferred emotion to reason, claimed a narrower audience, was better accepted and did not have the time and perhaps the capacity to develop as thorough a propaganda system. Both systems established central control of the media, favored oral agitation, discouraged every expression of significant dissent, involved citizens in a frenetic stream of activity, maintained a balance between fear and propaganda, and ultimately accepted submissive adherence rather than passionate commitment to their ideologies.


The numerical procedure described in this work performs analysis of 3-dimensional structures by partitioning the geometry in basic blocks, which can be described as multi-layer-structures with rectangular base area. Combining such basic regions, complex geometries like stacked structures can be treated. The Laplacian equation describing the steady state heat flux is solved efficiently in three dimensions using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. By the use of an iterative procedure handling of inhomogeneous, nonlinear boundary conditions on the top and bottom side of the geometry and modeling complex geometries by matching the solution at the interface of two or more basic blocks is possible. This allows to take into account boundary conditions calculated by the analytical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations describing convection and the Stefan Boltzmann law describing radiation. Experimental studies using infrared thermography, thermal sensors and laser doppler velocimetry were carried out. By measurement of the temperature distribution and the flow field it is shown, that the simultaneous solution of the heat flux in the solid structure and the heat-transfer by boundary approximation improves the accuracy of temperature computation and expands the application range of the Fourier method. It is shown, that parallel placed substrates with bare chips can be handled with high accuracy by the proposed model for laminar flow. The model gives good results for mountings up to 0.6 mm height. For low fluid velocities up to 1 m/s and natural convection the model works also for higher mountings (e.g. SMD). Further applications demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the presented program. The simple model-creation and the numerical efficiency enables the handling of problems with a high number of components and high aspect ratios between the components and the board. Analytical models describing heat dissipation in special applications can be easily incorporated for simultaneous solution.<<ETX>>


Let denote the set of points x = (x 1, . . . , xn ) with integral co-ordinates in Euclidean n-space. For any fixed integer m ≥ 2, let C = C(m) be the set of such points in the cube 0 ≤ xi < m (i = 1, 2, . . . , n) and let be any subset of C. Suppose that f(x) is any single-valued, integral-valued function, defined for all x ∊ . We consider solutions x ∊ of the congruence


Stainless steel for use in natural aquatic media, characterized in that its composition by weight is as follows: - 0.5 to 4% tin, - 0.010 to 0.040% carbon, - from 0.050 to 5% manganese, - 0.050 to 1% silicon, - from 16 to 27% chromium, - 0 to 25% nickel, - 0 to 0.40% nitrogen, - 0 to 6% molybdenum, - 0 to 3% copper .


A modified version of the receding horizon control of nonlinear systems is proposed. The approach is based on a finite horizon optimal control problem with a terminal cost. This method can be treated as an extension of results of De Nicolao et al. (1998). To the case where a control Lyapunov function (CLF)-based stabilizing control law is available. The terminal cost is picked to be a CLF which is also an upper bound on the cost-to-go if the stabilizing control law is applied. The control law is computed a priori using a CLF. Effectiveness of the results is illustrated by applying this approach to the planar model of a ducted fan with a CLF obtained using quasi LPV methods.


Elevated frequency of chromosomal aberrations revealed by ana-telophase method in ponds and lakes corresponds to higher degree of anthropogenic pressure. Data obtained are compared with the influence of low-dose of ionizing radiation. Validity of the model for estimation of pollution degree and its mutagenic influence risk for human being is discussed.


Abstract The transition to adolescence is accompanied by rapid, unexpected and novel experiences in social, cognitive, physical, emotional and psychological domains. The issue of body image and perceptions of fatness and slenderness have also become central to western culture and values. The current study examines cognitive and behavioural body image coping strategies among university students, and variations in terms of gender. A quantitative research approach was used to collect data from a sample of 639 undergraduate and post graduate students from a university. The Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory (BICSI) was used to measure coping strategies. The findings indicated that for university students, both genders rely on appearance fixing and positive rational acceptance as their coping strategy, whereas female students rely to a greater extent than male students on these two coping strategies. Perception of body image can influence students' body image and students should be aware of how day-to-day events and situations can activate thoughts, interpretations and conclusions that often trigger positive or negative cognitive and behavioural reactions to their body image experiences and ensuing coping strategies and behaviours.


Abstract Analysis of requirements of physical realism and computational performance for mathematical models, used in liquid cargo handling simulators is presented. Depth of physical modelling, necessary to satisfy the requirements, is considered. Approaches to composition of mathematical models are outlined. Component-based approach with "RanD Model Designer" visual modelling software is described. Component library, applied for development of mathematical models for Liquid Cargo Handling Simulators of "TRANSAS Technologies" company, is presented. Employed techniques of computation performance enhancement, and result of their application, are presented.


The Putinga, Rio Grande do Sul, chondrite (fall, August 16, 1937), consists of major olivine (Fa24.8), orthopyroxene (Fs21.3), and metallic nickel-iron (kamacite, taenite, and plessite); minor maskelynite (Ab81.0An12.4Or6.6) and troilite; and accessory chromite (Cm79.0Uv8.2Pc1.8Sp11.0) and whitlockite. Mineral compositions, particularly of olivine and orthorhombic pyroxene, as well as the bulk chemical composition, particularly the ratios of Fe°/Ni° (5.24), Fetotal/SiO2 (0.58), and Fe°/Fetotal (0.27), and the contents of Fetotal (22.42%) and total metallic nickel-iron (7.25%) classify the meteorite as an L-group chondrite. The highly recrystallized texture of the stone, with well-indurated, poorly discernible chondrules; xenomorphic, well-crystallized groundmass olivine and pyroxene; and the occurrence of poikilitic intergrowth of olivine in orthopyroxene suggest that Putinga belongs to petrologic type 6. Maskelynite of oligoclase composition was formed by solid state shock transformation of previously existing well-crystallized plagioclase at estimated shock pressures of about 250–350 kbar. Thus, recrystallization (i.e., formation of well-crystallized oligoclase) must have preceded shock transformation into maskelynite.


A significant problem in both educational and industrial systems is access to development systems. Universities typically have neither funds nor space for a broad variety of industrial robots. Few manufacturing concerns can afford the luxury of robots dedicated to system development and training.
 An alternative to industrial robots is a physical simulation system. This system should include a robot capable of a broad range of motions and a controller capable of emulating robot controllers. The key to this system is its software, which provides a structure which allows the system to be tailored to specific needs.
 Such a system is a large undertaking. This report describes a beginning in developing this system. While the resulting system is specific to a single robot, it is expandable and adaptable to other robot families.


Theia would be a novel,"hybrid"optical neutrino detector, with a rich physics program. This paper is intended to provide a brief overview of the concepts and physics reach of Theia. Full details can be found in the Theia white paper [1].


1.Introduction
2. Conjunction
 2.1 Conjunction of NPs and non-finite clauses
 2.2 Conjunction of finite clauses
 2.3 Other uses of the clitic 'a 3. Disjunction
 4. Negative coordination
 5. Adversative coordination
 6. Discussion


Small and middle sized family firms are very important in social and economic development,but they are also faced with problem of financial difficulty.Moral hazard and adverse selection caused by asymmetric information between the bank and the firm are important factors that lead to the difficulty.This paper deeply analyzed the inevitability of small and middle sized family firm's financial difficulty,and put forward some measures to deal with the problem.


The version composition of graphics object is one of the key techniques under circumstances of mobile or asynchronous collaborative design. The characteristics of intention guarantee in collaborative design was analyzed and the relation between mutual allowance and conflict of operation was presented in this paper. The object based model and strategy of version composition were put forward, and an algorithm of object version composition was realized. It is shown by test that the model and algorithm may effectively ensure the intention of operation.


Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the deformation behavior and mechanism of Cu64Zr36 composite structures reinforced with B2 CuZr nanowires are strongly influenced by the martensitic phase transformation and distribution of these crystalline precipitates. When nanowires are distributed in the glassy matrix along the deformation direction, a two-steps stress-induced martensitic phase transformation is observed. Since the martensitic transformation is driven by the elastic energy release, the strain localization behavior in the glassy matrix is strongly affected. Therefore, the composite materials reinforced with a crystalline phase, which shows stress-induced martensitic transformation, represent a route for controlling the properties of glassy materials.


Single pass sequences of mRNA, called ESTs, have been determined extensively. They have been accumulated in the dbEST database in GenBank. The number of ESTs in dbEST has become more than eight million in August 2002. By clustering and assembling ESTs, we can conduct the following analyses. First, we can obtain complete ORF sequences based on ESTs that are fragment sequences of mRNA and do not include complete open reading frames (ORFs). Second, we can examine expression profiles of genes by counting the number of ESTs obtained from each library in each cluster. Third, redundancy of EST sequences can be reduced by clustering. Finally, we can pick up ESTs that are representatives of clusters. Full-length sequences were determined for clones of representative ESTs chosen from clusters of unknown genes during the full-length human cDNA sequencing project supported by New Energy and Industrial Technology Developmental Organization (NEDO) in Japan [2]. To select clones for full-length sequencing, more than one million EST sequences were determined and clustered in this project. Now 21,243 human full-length cDNA sequences obtained in this project are published in DDBJ. Thus clustering and assembling of a huge number of ESTs are indispensable for EST analyses. It is computationally hard to see the whole relationship among millions of sequences for the purpose of clustering. Some currently available tools require more than a few days to complete clustering of such a huge number of sequences, while it is impossible for other tools to complete the task. In this paper, we present an algorithm for clustering and assembling that can complete the entire process for clustering and assembling in O(N log N) time where N is the number of sequences. We also implemented this algorithm and succeeded in assembling more than a million sequences within half a day.


Personal communication systems (PCS) aim to provide ubiquitous service to its subscribers. In order to fulfil the ubiquity requirement for service, PCS rely on two main features: use of wireless communications technology and mobility management. The former sets the basis to untie subscribers from a wire allowing them to freely move around. The latter allows subscribers to gain access to the network services at all times regardless of their location. A handover is the process used to allow a call in progress to continue as the associated subscriber moves around. A large number of handover mechanisms have been reported in the literature. In this article, we carry out a comprehensive performance study of the handover mechanisms as proposed in the literature. A detailed simulation model has been developed allowing us to set up parameters such as the speed and motion path of the mobile terminal. The performance metrics of interest are: the length of the disruption time caused by the handover mechanism and the number of lost packets caused by the handover mechanism. Under the scenario under consideration, the handovers using multicasting mechanism and full reestablishment mechanism exhibit the best results.


The early onset of covid-19 in 2020 causes a complete shutdown of all activities including those of services in the library to avoid direct contact with users in order to prevent the spread of this covid-19 virus. The purpose of this study is to fulfill the tasks that teachers have given you and to find out what innovations the unpad library has made to serve students or other users in spite of this covid-19 pandemic. The study USES descriptive qualitative methods on concepts related to library science, as well as to analyze the practices used in libraries during the pandemic. Data obtained through interviews conducted by researchers by sending some questions through the email of the unpad central library staff. The data already obtained will be presented in a descriptive form, so it will outline the importance of providing online library services by applying digital predating concepts. By subscribing to multiple journals and e-book databases, information-related services are still needed to support student and lecturer research, in this case libraries can engage in inter-library cooperation. During the pandemic, a university library service was required to transform from manual services into digital services.Keywords: Library, Covid-19 Pandemic, Information CommunicationABSTRAKCovid-19 di awal tahun 2020 menyebabkan berhentinya seluruh aktivitas termasuk dengan layanan yang ada di perpustakaan. Hal tesebut dilakukan untuk menghindari kontak langsung dengan pengguna supaya dapat mencegah penyebaran virus Covid19 ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memenuhi tugas yang telah diberikan dosen serta untuk mengetahui inovasi apa yang dilakukan oleh perpustakaan Universitas Padjadjaran dalam melayani pengguna dalam masa pandemi Covid-19 ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif mengenai konsep-konsep yang berkaitan dengan ilmu perpustakaan, serta untuk menganalisis praktik yang digunakan perpustakaan selama pandemi. Data diperoleh melalui hasil wawancara yang telah dilaksanakan oleh peneliti dengan mengirimkan beberapa pertanyaan melalui e-mail staf perpustakaan pusat Universitas Padjadjaran. Data yang telah diperoleh akan disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif


The primary follicles cannot grow further, and stop at N stage when adults are decapitated soon after emergence in diapausing Culex pipiens pollens. The primary follicles begin ro develop about 24 hours after being decapitated in the 5-day old diapausing adults. Thus the role played by neuroendocrine of the head in regulation of folliaular development is conspicuous. The corpora allata (CA) of diapausing mosquitoes are characterized by their small size, little cytoplasm, no vacuole and being inactive, so there is no indication of juvenile hormone (JH). synthesis and secretion. The primary follicles of diapausing ovary can develop when they are nansplanted into the abdomen of reproductive mosquitoes, but they fail to grow in diapausing mosquitoes. ZR 515 (JHA) and JH extracted from haemolymph of reproductive mosquitoes can trigger diapausing follicles to develop.


On the basis of a scenario that assumes the existence of a BC (branch correlation) in the environments of an MC-DS-CDMA (multi-carrier direct-sequence coded-division multiple-access) system, a two-dimensional Rake (2-D Rake) receiver for such a system is proposed and designed in this research. The performance of the proposed system is validated by an evaluation that considers the state of the working space in frequency-selective fading environments. Furthermore, some of the system parameters, e.g., the resolvable multipath number, the finger number of a Rake receiver, the fading parameters, the power decay factor, the MIP (multipath intensity profile), and the correlation characteristics between the antennas, are adopted for analysis, thus constituting the original proposal for a scenario with this kind of receiver in this system. To validate the accuracy of the derivation, some of the numerical results are presented in this report. It is worthwhile to assert that the fading parameter of the correlated-fading model dominates the performance of the MC-DS-CDMA system and that the number of antennas also definitely affects the system performance.


rr Iowa commWlities had P9licies like !be proposed Iowa City ordinance to reduce the penalty for possession of marijuana, the state legislature might enact a similar bill, according to State Sen. John S. Murray, R-Ames. Murray and Sen. Minnette Doderer. f}[owa City, co-sponsored a bill in the last 5t)Sion to reduce the penalties for pogession of smallamoWlts of marijuana. tbe bill died in committee. II several cities had their own policies "It would encourage the state legislature 10 do something on a uniform basis," Murray said.


A genetic algorithm (GA) is an optimization algorithm that simulates the hereditary phenomenon of natural life. Although GA has been applied to image processing, it has not been studied to apply for matching hand gesture images. In this paper, a method to use GA for the matching process of hand gesture images expressing numbers is proposed. The processing algorithm including GA for hand gesture images is evaluated experimentally by changing the parameters of GA. It is shown that each person can be distinguished from other persons by the fitness value of GA. Hand gesture images to express each number are used for evaluation. Next, the personal identification to search the most suitable hand gesture image in the database of hand gesture images by using GA is proposed and evaluated experimentally. As a result, the effectiveness of the proposed method using GA for matching hand gesture images and identifying each person is confirmed.


In order to obtain an accurate result of the heat transfer of the rib in the internal cooling Rectangular channel, using separation of variables, analytical solutions of three dimensional steady-state heat conduction in rectangular ribs are given by solving three dimensional steady-state function of the rectangular ribs. Therefore, we can get solution of three dimensional temperature field in the rib. Based on the solution, we can get how the Bi number affected on heat transfer. Furthermore, comparisons of the analytical and numerical results indicate agreement on temperature field in the rib. Keywords—variable separation method, analytical solution, rib, heat transfer


Coring operations in the bottom of Lake Superior were undertaken during the summer of 1961. The motor vessel Submarex, 173-foot converted Navy P.C., was used on contract from the Global Marine Exploration Company of Los Angeles, California. The ship was equipped with an over-the-side rotary drilling rig capable of drilling in a maximum water depth of 1300 feet. A modified piston coring technique was developed whereby continuous soft lacustrine material could be cored. The wire line normally used to suspend a piston coring device was replaced by rigid drill pipe. The technique permitted the taking of a 28-foot core from any part of the upper 50 to 60 feet of soft sediments. Other modifications permitted using the inner core barrel techniques for punch coring in the deeper sediments of campact clay and glacial till. After complete penetration of the uncemented sediments, bedrock was cored by ordinary rotary techniques. All drilling sites were in water 500 feet or deeper. Six locations in the central and western Lake Superior basin were drilled. Two went to bedrock through 116 and 147 feet of lacustrine and glacial deposits, and at one location in 938 feet of water near the Minnesota shore, the bottom was penetrated 686 feet without striking bedrock.


Prospective mathematics teachers need to comprehend mathematics competencies along with how they would teach it. This article describes prospective teacher skills in predicting students' learning hypothesis regarding proportion problem. An explorative qualitative research was carried out to investigate how the students who were mathematics teacher candidates understand mathematical learning hypotheses. These research participants were 12 students during the third year of their undergraduate study. Data was collected from students' written work and field notes during a focus group discussion about understanding hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT). The discussion was a part of Indonesian realistic mathematics education course. It raised a topic specifically how junior high school students' thinking toward proportion problem. The result of this research highlighted that most of the prospective teachers comprehend the content aspect of proportion problem as supported by their answers. However, they found it difficult to predict various ways of students' thinking. They could only propose at most three possible ways to solve the problem. They might be lack of pedagogical aspect in teaching proportion such that they could not think on how the junior high school thinking to approach the problem.


In order to obtain a large area of the plasma jet, we established a one-dimensional atmospheric Ar gas plasma jet array generating device. The characteristics of the discharge were diagnosed using voltage-current waveforms, luminous images and emission spectrum etc., and the influences of the amplitude of applied voltage, the gas flow rate and the frequency of power supply relate on the array's plasma generation were studied. The optimum working parameters of the array, as well as the discharge power, the amounts of transmission charge, and active particles at this condition, were obtained, and then the repulsion and coupling mechanisms between the discharges were analyzed. According to the luminous images, the optimum conditions of the array can be obtained including the applied voltage of 8.5 k V, frequency of 20 k Hz and gas flow rate of 20 L/min, under which the array achieves the longest discharge with the least repulsion and coupling effects between the discharge tubes, as well as the most intensity. Meanwhile, the discharge power and transmission charge are 101.85 W and 1 716 n C, respectively. In the array, there are Coulomb forces and Lorentz forces between the tubes, which induce certain shifts of the plasma jets.


Abstract Bismuth titanate, Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) was grown via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and chemical solution deposition (CSD). The BIT films were grown by CVD, with triphenylbismuth and titanium isopropoxide. BIT films were fabricated by CSD using a solution prepared with bismuth ethylhexanoate and titanium butoxyethoxide dissolved in butoxyethanol. What is readily apparent in both CVD and CSD BIT films, is that composition plays a dominant role in determining not only phase purity but texturing as well and that a small composition variation can lead to dramatic changes in phase purity, orientation and electrical properties. In the CVD BIT films composition was controlled by changing the growth temperature. In the CSD BIT films composition was controlled by changing the solution composition. CVD BIT films crystallized at lower temperatures with better crystallinity and greater c-axis texturing than the CSD BIT films at comparable Bi/Ti composition. For both CVD and CSD, titanium rich films contained a m...


This paper expounds the general significance of the research method from two levels of the development of the subject and the development of the scholar himself, by using examples, explains the influence of the development of the current information technique on the research methods of the library science, and sums up the transformations and features of the research methods and the thinking models in the new period.


Objective:To investigate and analyze the risk factors related to falls among Chinese elderly . Methods: This was a comparative descriptive study. A sample survey with 415 participants aged 60 and older was conducted. Interview, observation and review of medical records were incorporated in data collection. The Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to identify the risk factors, and characteristics related to the selected factors were further analyzed. Results: "Need assistance in ADL and walking" and "living alone" were identified as risk factors for falls in both the Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Persons in the category "need assistance in ADL and walking" sustained more falls in the home,and physical factors were involved in more falls among them. Environmental hazards were involved in about one half of their falls. Characteristics related to persons who were "living alone" were advanced age, being widowed and living with more home hazards. "Being widowed" and "mental impairment" were identified as risk factors for falls in the Chi-square test but failed to enter the logistic regression model. Conclusions: There were higher risk of falling in persons in the categories "need assistance in ADL and walking" and "living alone". "Being widowed" and "mental impairment" are probably indirect factors for falls. Environmental factors play an important role in falls among the elderly. Further investigations are needed to clarify whether some factors, such as advanced age, being widowed, mental impairment, certain chronic conditions and general frailty are more closely related to falls among the elderly.


The unit on human reproduction taught at a 7th-grade level in a suburban junior high school is described. 97% of the students involved felt that reproduction should be taught in science classes. Other reactions to the class generally and to specific topics handled in the class are described. The concepts which boys and girls understood more completely following the class are listed. It is felt that results of this study would be replicated in other similar polls.


Offers a critique of the concept of recognition (Honneth, Fraser), arguing that, from a literary-historical perspective, it connstitutes a step back behing modernism toward the agenda of Realism.


Anti-tuberculosis drugs can lead to drug-induced liver injury,and liver injury may influence the treatment of tuberculosis.Therefore,the earlier diagnosis of liver injury is important for restoring liver function and completing the treatment.This review introduces the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs on liver and their application in the patients with liver diseases.


In states, school districts, individual schools, and alone in classrooms, educators are providing access to computer science (CS) for more students than ever before. Many are learning as they go. Education leaders and teachers are finding effective tools for hurdles to expanding CS access through their own experiences, formal and informal networks, and partnerships with external organizations. However, much is known in the education policy community which can be applied to CS for All efforts. This poster presents the framework for a doctoral dissertation which examines the implementation of a CS for All policy using a policy implementation lens. The site of the study is a school district that was an early adopter of CS for All; Computational thinking activities were inserted into K-8 classrooms and all high schools introduced accessible and rigorous CS classes. The "story" of this district provides both models and cautions for those undertaking CS for All initiatives. Replicating implementation is unrealistic since educational environments are unique and complex. The questions inspiring this work are not about how to implement a CS for All policy, but rather about the conditions under which CS for All policy was implemented in this school district (Honig, 2006). The framework presented is developed from education implementation literature with consideration for the challenges unique to CS for All. Those working in CS education will identify how their experiences fit into the framework and can use it to move their own work ahead.


The real-time analysis of a structure's integrity associated with a process to estimate damage levels improves the safety of people and assets and reduces the economic losses associated with interrupted production or operation of the structure. The appearance of damage in a building changes its dynamic response (frequency, damping, and/or modal shape), and one of the most effective methods for the continuous assessment of integrity is based on the use of ambient vibrations. However, although resonance frequency can be used as an indicator of change, misinterpretation is possible since frequency is affected not only by the occurrence of damage but also by certain operating conditions and particularly certain atmospheric conditions. In this study, after analyzing the correlation of resonance frequency values with temperature for one building, we use the data mining method called "association rule learning" (ARL) to predict future frequencies according to temperature measurements. We then propose an anomaly interpretation strategy using the "traffic light" method.


In the article theoretical bases of state regulation of agriculture of some countries are considered. Forms, directions and principles of a state policy are defined.


During the apartheid era, chiefs were maligned as puppets of bantustan rule. In ANC-related circles, it was widely assumed that chieftaincy would not survive in the post apartheid era. But the institution of traditional leadership has proved highly flexible. Rather than being phased out as relics of pre-modern times, chiefs are re-asserting themselves in the new South Mrica. Chiefs have survived throughout this century with a strategy of shifting alliances. Towards the end of the 1980s, chiefs were re-orienting themselves towards the ANC, rightly perceived as the new ruling party-in-waiting. Combining the resources of tradition with a discourse of liberation politics and development, they were able to explain constitutional and other legal guarantees for the position of traditional leaders and their representations in the local, provincial and national administration. For its part, the ANC had an interest in wooing chiefs to its side in order to prevent the emergence of a conservative alliance where traditional leaders could join forces with the bantustan elites. The article analyses these developments, discusses the main themes of debate and concludes with a brief case study of chieftaincy issues in the Northern Transvaal. ABOUT 40 PERCENT of the people of South Africa and 17 percent of its territory are ruled by traditional authorities. These 17 million subjects of chiefly rule are governed by about 800 traditional leaders.! Like almost everything else regarding chieftaincy, these figures are disputed. Depending on one's definition of 'traditional leader', their numbers could multiply to perhaps 10,000. Rather than being phased out as relics of pre-modern times, chiefs are re-asserting themselves in post-apartheid South Africa. Nor are they satisfied with a ceremonial role as guardians of African custom. They demanded and obtained constitutional guarantees for their position and their representation in the local, provincial and national administration. In view of South Africa's history, this is a surprising outcome of a long liberation struggle. The first part of this article is a brief survey of the changing perspectives on chieftaincy within the African National Congress and its allied Ineke van Kessel is a researcher with the African Studies Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. Barbara Oomen is associated with the Van Vollenhoven Institute of Leiden University, where she is preparing a doctoral thesis on traditional authorities and customary law in South Africa. 1. Figures provided in 1996 by the Department of Constitutional Development.


The synthesis of cyclopenta[c]furanones (III) and cyclopenta[c]pyrrolones (V) by the title reaction is accomplished by simultaneous use of neutral and cationic rhodium(I) complexes for efficient cooperative catalysis, which involves neutral rhodium(I)-catalyzed decarbonylation of formaldehyde (II) and cationic rhodium(I)-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation of 1,6-enynes [(I) and (IV)] with the free carbonyl moiety.


Specular reflection generally decreases the saturation of surface colors, which will be possibly confused with other colors that have the same hue but lower saturation. Traditional methods for specular reflection separation suffer this problem of hue-saturation ambiguity, producing over-saturated specular-free images quite often. We proposed a two-step approach to solve this problem. In the first step, we produce an over-saturated specular-free image by global chromaticity propagation from specular-free pixels to highlighted ones. Then we recover the saturation based on priors of the piecewise constancy of diffuse chromaticity as well as the spatial sparsity and smoothness of specular reflection. We achieve this through increasing the achromatic component of diffuse chromaticity, while the magnitudes of increments are determined by linear programming under the constraints derived from the priors. Experiments on both laboratory and natural images show that our method can separate the specular reflection while preserving the saturation of the underlying surface colors.


In this paper,the change of Polyphenoloxidase activity,the polyphenoloxidase lethal temperature,the pH value,free SO2,and total SO2 were studied during the red wine(8804)making.The result indicated that: with fermentation carrying on the polyphenoloxidase activity drops from 9.67 U to 3.67 U;the lethal temperature drops from 78 ℃ to 64.5 ℃;the pH value changes little and its influence on the polyphenoloxidase activity may be neglected.


Under the background of"the Chinese continental scientific drilling project location and drilling test"in China,the article reviews and summarizes the great achievements and problems of drilling engineering of Russia СГ-3 ultra deep well. Based on the rethinking on the experience and lessons,some issues are discussed,which should be paid attention in future ultra-deep scientific drilling project in China,such as scientific target and engineering management,scientific location selection,well deviation control and new drilling achievements,the related conclusion are presented.


The microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-5.0Y-7.0Gd-1.3Nd-0.5Zr(EW75M) alloys extruded under different conditions were tested.The results indicate that both the strength and plasticity are improved with increasing extrusion ratio.When extrusion ratio is more than 20,the effect of grain refinement on strengthening has little improvement.When the extrusion tube temperature increases from 400 ℃ to 450 ℃,the average grain size has little increase,and both strength and elongation are decreased by less than 5%.After being hot treated at 535 ℃ for 24 h,EW75M alloy is directly extruded under conditions of extrusion ratio of 20,extrusion tube temperature of 400 ℃ and extrusion speed of 1?2 m/min.After being extruded,the ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of EW75M reach 335 MPa,240 MPa and 16.5%,respectively.


Overview The Franklin Hotel is a 5 star property located in the central part of London. It can be a great accommodation option for both business and leisure travelers alike. The rooms are spacious and can offer a relaxing atmosphere. On the basement level..


Throughout the past three decades, only a few tens of observations have been made of optical flashes contemporaneous with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), despite the thousands of GRBs that have been detected during that same timeframe. In this work, we present light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) for a sample of 7 GRBs that were localized to within 10"by the Swift X-ray Telescope. For each burst, we characterize both the prompt emission, if it exists, and the afterglow, and conduct searches for late-time emission from a supernova or kilonova component. We also constrain the physical parameters of the burst based on the TESS light curve, and present a novel method to account for the effects of TESS's cosmic ray mitigation strategy on the observed flux from these GRBs. This allows us to establish upper limits on the true magnitude of any GRB-associated optical flash. Finally, we discuss how TESS's continuous monitoring and new weekly downlink schedule are proving invaluable in the rapid follow-up and characterization of short-duration transients, including GRBs; these could potentially enable TESS to detect electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational-wave events.


Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is most commonly related either to a cardiac or a pulmonary cause. But less commonly various hematological, hepatic, genetic causes are also associated. Infantile PH due to vitamin deficiencies is very rare though few cases with thiamine deficiencies causing PH have been reported lately. Lack of awareness and late recognition of thiamine deficiency may result in high mortality. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and management to decrease the severity and morbidity and thereby preventing long term implications on neurological development. Here, we described three cases of infants admitted to Kamineni academy of medical sciences diagnosed with PH who responded dramatically to thiamine supplements. The lack of rapid diagnostic capacity and the severe outcome of thiamine deficiency justify the use of a therapeutic thiamine challenge in cases with high clinical suspicion. Increased awareness about thiamine deficiency and low threshold for thiamine use should guide clinicians in their practice.


xix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 Overview of the Problem 2 Risk Assessment Tools 4 Framingham Risk Score 5 Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Scoring Technology 6 Risk Awareness and Risk Perception 11 Psychological Well-being 13 Depression 13 Anxiety 14 Quality of Life 15 Other Influences on Behavior Change 15 Motivation to Initiate Behavior Change 16 Barriers That Diminish Behavior Change Efforts 17 Facilitators for Behavior Change 19 Significance 21 Study Aims 22 Purpose of the Study 22 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 23 Models for Behavior Change 23 Health Belief Model (HBM) 23 Transtheoretical Model (TTM) 26 HBM as the Conceptual Framework 28 Review of the Literature On Risk Awareness 29 Attitudes Regarding Perceived Risk 29 Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Research and Behavior Change 41 Summary of the Review of the Literature 50 Relevance for Nursing 53 Gaps Within the Literature and Future Research 56 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS 58 Introduction and Study Aims 58 Study Design 59


The two dimensional punch problem for planar anisotropic elastic half-plane is revisited using the Lekhnitskii's formulation with aid of the Fourier transform and boundary integral equation. Four different conditions of contact problem for the rigid punch are analyzed in this study. From the combination of surface Green's function of half-plane and Hooke's law of anisotropic material, a set of Fredholm integral equations are obtained for mixed boundary value problems. After solving the integral equation according to specified contact condition, the explicit distributions of surface traction under the punch are obtained in closed-form. From the surface traction and Green's function of anisotropic half-plane, the full-field solutions of stresses are constructed. Numerical calculations of surface traction under the rigid punch are presented base on the analysis and are discussed in detail.


The linear inverse problem emerges from various real-world applications such as Image deblurring, inpainting, etc., which are still thrust research areas for image quality improvement. In this paper, we have introduced a new algorithm called the Enhanced fast iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (EFISTA) for linear inverse problems. This algorithm uses a weighted least square term and a scaled version of the regularization parameter to accelerate the objective function minimization. The image deblurring simulation results show that EFISTA has a superior execution speed, with an improved performance than its predecessors in terms of peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), particularly at a high noise level. With these motivating results, we can say that the proposed EFISTA can also be helpful for other linear inverse problems to improve the reconstruction speed and handle noise effectively.


INTRODUCTION Flaxseed (Linum usitatissiumum) also known as linseed, is thought to be one of the world's oldest cultivated crops with evidence of cultivation dating back thousands of years. The crop is prized for its fibre and oil. The fibre, obtained from the stocks of the plant, is used to make fine linen and paper. The oil is used primarily for industrial purposes. The oil is probably best known for its function in the production of paints and floor covering (linoleum). The by-product remaining after oil extraction – flaxseed meal or linseed meal – is a source of protein used in livestock feeds, especially in the rations of ruminant animals. The seed is also used in livestock production for its medicinal properties, in particular for its functions as a laxative as well as for improving skin and hair quality. Recently there has been a renewed interest in using flaxseed and flax oil in animal rations as it can be used to alter the fatty acid composition of egg and meat products and, therefore, provide functional health benefits for the consumer. The purpose of this guide is to provide practical information to users who wish to feed flaxseed to their livestock.


Sex chromosomes in vertebrates range from highly heteromorphic (as in most birds and mammals) to strictly homomorphic (as in many fishes, amphibians, and nonavian reptiles). Reasons for these contrasted evolutionary trajectories remain unclear, but species such as common frogs with polymorphism in the extent of sex chromosome differentiation may potentially deliver important clues. By investigating 92 common frog populations from a wide range of elevations throughout Switzerland, we show that sex chromosome differentiation strongly correlates with alleles at the candidate sex‐determining gene Dmrt1. Y‐specific Dmrt1 haplotypes cluster into two main haplogroups, YA and YB, with a phylogeographic signal that parallels mtDNA haplotypes: YA populations, with mostly well‐differentiated sex chromosomes, occur primarily south of the main alpine ridge that bisects Switzerland, whereas YB populations, with mostly undifferentiated (proto‐)sex chromosomes, occur north of this ridge. Elevation has only a marginal effect, opposing previous suggestions of a major role for climate on sex chromosome differentiation. The Y‐haplotype effect might result from differences in the penetrance of alleles at the sex‐determining locus (such that sex reversal and ensuing X‐Y recombination are more frequent in YB populations), and/or fixation of an inversion on YA (as supported by the empirical observation that YA haplotypes might not recombine in XYA females).


Forecasting the next route of vehicles in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) that are based on routing pattern is useful to estimate the stability time of the route. Also, estimation of the stability time of the route, before changing the route, causes a node to be informed and then compensates the lost connection. In this paper, we establish a sustainable path between the two vehicles and largely reduced the network overhead. So that, first, a clustering structure to dividing the nodes will be used which effects on the efficiency. In the second stage before ending the connection between the two vehicles, the alternative routes were studied and considered to be stable to replace new route. Finally, the results show that the proposed method that uses clustering and considering stability time between two vehicles can reduce the delay of requesting the packet by the desired to an acceptable level. The experimental results show that, the proposed method improves the rate and number of sent packets, time and also the number of dropped packets, compared ASAP protocol.


Abstract The rate at which deforestation of montane cloud forests of the Tropical Andes is documented, and the extent of different productive land uses in those areas, make it difficult to forecast appropriate conservation scenarios for countries that occupy the crescent of the Northern Andes, abode of one of the richest biological and cultural diversity of the world. Because of ancient human impacts on soils and wildlife, as well as current intensive land-use practices, Tropandean landscapes are being depleted not only of nutrients and organic matter in cultivated soils, but also water catchment and other resources, including fisheries, forestry, mining, agriculture, and livestock that mountain peoples are producing as a result of the governmental policies of subsidized capital inputs. The exodus of young people to the cities in the Andean world exacerbates the deterioration of the rural quality of life and brings issues of marginality, poverty, and neglect into the cultural landscape. In view of this critical situation, novel conservation approaches are suggested, reflecting needed changes to contemporary paradigms of mountain studies; with the use of case examples from Andean countries, mainly Ecuador, are questioned axioms of tropical ecology. These are less clear in the field than in the scanty literature on tropical mountains, offering a holistic view of the Tropandean landscape. Hence, verticality, marginality, centrality, power and violence, expansion, religion and myth, ethnic pride and inspiration, are seen as conventional paradigms of montology that have to be re-examined in light of modern environmental thought in the Andes.


Water pollution by heavy metal ions is currently of great concern due to their high toxicity and carcinogenicity. In recent years, great efforts have been devoted to the search for new cost-effective adsorbents derived from biomass. Lignin is a natural amorphous polymer that has great potential for use as a building block in the production of biorenewable materials. Due to its unique polyphenol structure, physicochemical properties, and abundance, a wide variety of sorbents, particularly heavy metal ion sorbents, can be potentially obtained from lignin. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature about different feedstock lignin and versatile lignin derivatives used as heavy metal ion adsorbents. The adsorption capability improvement mechanism of the lignin derivatives and the comparison with commercial resins are also discussed. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different modification categories that have been reported for the conversion of lignins into advanced heavy metal ion ...


Objectives: To determine the prevalence and functional impact of musculoskeletal conditions amongst people attending a Community Health Centre [CHC] in Bloemfontein, Free State. Musculoskeletal conditions [MSC] are viewed as posing an enormous burden on governments, and communities' as one of the major causes of disability in both developed and developing countries. Prior research has mostly been conducted in areas other than Sub-Saharan Africa, therefore leading to a large gap in available literature. Further research may aid in creating awareness of the Quadruple burden that exists in Africa, specifically highlighting MSC and the impact thereof. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted using standardised questionnaires during a structured interview. Phase I was conducted to determine the prevalence of MSC and if indicated, Phase II was used to determine the functional impact thereof. A sample of convenience was utilised and consisted of 323 participants who attended the CHC during the time of data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data, namely means, medians, frequencies and percentages. Results: Three hundred and twenty-three participants completed phase I of the questionnaire of which 45.82% reported the presence of MSC during the past three months, not relating to an injury. Of these participants those with MSC experienced mild to moderate functional impact according to the Disability Index [DI]. Conclusion: A high prevalence of MSC was evident amongst those attending the CHC. Therefore, through holistic management, creating awareness of MSC and the impact thereof, strategies may be implemented at CHC to assist those suffering from the condition.


The application of cast protectors in systems of cathodic protection of metal structures and structures from electrochemical corrosion is well known. Alloys based on aluminum, magnesium and zinc are widely used as sacrificial materials for the manufacture of sacrificials. The choice of designs and standard sizes of protectors is carried out taking into account the provision of the required service life of the protector protection systems in various operating conditions. The structure of cast protectors plays an important role in stabilizing the electrochemical characteristics of sacrificial materials. The paper describes the characteristics of sacrificial alloys and cast sacrificials, and also shows the influence of casting conditions on increasing the values of the efficiency factor (KPI) of sacrificial materials.


The hospitality and tourism industry greatly depends on human resources. Todays' students will be tomorrow's future of the hospitality and tourism sector. This article aims to examine the existing literature related to hospitality and tourism students' perceptions towards their careers. This study examined forty-seven articles published in Scopus Indexed journals between the year 2000-2022. Data from the selected publications were coded using content analysis. Study type, geography, research design, data collecting method, statistical approach, and important results were all coded. Seven dimensions were found to measure the students' perception towards hospitality and tourism sector. An attractive job, good salary, admirable job, good promotion opportunities, and a good lifestyle were the key factors that attracted hospitality and tourism students towards the industry. Whereas lower pay, unattractive job, lower social status, long working hours, and work-life balance were the key aspects that students didn't appreciate.


When we talk about planetary exploration missions most people think spontaneously about fascinating images from other planets or close-up pictures of small planetary bodies such as asteroids and comets. Such images come in most cases from VIS/NIR- imaging- systems, simply called 'cameras', which were typically built by institutes in collaboration with industry. Until now, they have nearly all been based on silicon CCD sensors, they have filter wheels and have often high power-consuming electronics. The question is, what are the challenges for future missions and what can be done to improve performance and scientific output. The exploration of Mars is ongoing. NASA and ESA are planning future missions to the outer planets like to the icy Jovian moons. Exploration of asteroids and comets are in focus of several recent and future missions. Furthermore, the detection and characterization of exo-planets will keep us busy for next generations. The paper is discussing the challenges and visions of imaging sensors for future planetary exploration missions. The focus of the talk is monolithic VIS/NIR- detectors.


Today, as the population of the hair dyeing grows, hair dyeing is being developed, and professionalfranchises are appearing. The study about a new cosmetology business form, professional hair dye salonindustry is required. This study examines consumer's attitudes and behavior with respect to hair dy...


This purpose of this research is to evaluate the marketing strategy that should be performed by TGIF Organizer in business development effort. The method that used in this research is descriptive that using primary and secondary data collected from interview with the management of TGIF Organizer. This research uses the analysis of internal and external environments, industry environment analysis (five forces porter) and SWOT analysis for business development strategy, and STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning), and 7P's (Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process and Physical Evidence) for marketing strategy. The business development strategy obtained by using IFE matrix (Internal Factor Evaluation), EFE matrix (External Factor Evaluation), and IE Matrix (Internal-External) to assure. It is recommended for TGIF Organizer to use marketing strategy. The result of IE Matrix for external environment factor (2,978) and Internal Environment Factor (2,816) puts the position of TGIF Organizer was in quadrant V , in the area of "Hold and Maintain". The strategies commonly used in this position are market penetration and product developmnent.


Phyllophaga (sensu lato) Harris is one of the most speciose genera of the family Scarabaeidae in the New World, consisting of 861 extant species in 10 subgenera (Evans and Smith 2009). Many species are significant pests of horticultural plants in the adult stage, and the larvae consume roots of turfgrasses and other plants. Evans and Smith (2009) recorded 214 species of Phyllophaga in eight subgenera from the United States. The most recent regional work listed 55 species occurring in the state of South Carolina (Harpootlian 2001). Specimens ofPhyllophaga inepta (Horn) were collected as part of a larger study examining species composition and seasonal abundance of Scarabaeoidea at golf courses in South Carolina. Samples were collected weekly for two years from pitfall, light, and flight-intercept traps at the Country Club of South Carolina (Florence, SC), Camden Country Club (Camden, SC), Walker Golf Course (Clemson, SC), and The Cliffs Turfgrass Research Center (Marietta, SC). Each sampling site is in a unique physiographic region of the state, from the coastal plain at the Country Club of South Carolina to the mountains at the Cliffs Turfgrass Research Center. Specimens were identified based on morphological descriptions and genitalia illustrations by Luginbill and Painter (1953), and were placed in the Clemson University Arthropod Collection. On 23 July and 6 August 2010, one male specimen of P. inepta was captured at the Cliffs Turfgrass Research Center (35°05′38.62′′N, 82°27′59.95′′W) in the southern Appalachian Mountains in Marietta, Greenville Co., South Carolina, using a light trap equipped with a 22 watt, circline, black-light tube. An additional male was captured on 20 August 2010 at the Country Club of South Carolina (34°14′59.81′′N, 79°40′34.96′′W) in Florence, Florence Co., South Carolina. These captures constitute a new state record for P. inepta. Little is recorded on the distribution of P. inepta, although Luginbill and Painter (1953) listed the species as being taken mainly in the central Mississippi Valley. Phyllophaga inepta previously was reported from Alabama, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas (Luginbill and Painter 1953). Two specimens were captured in Pontotoc Co., Oklahoma on 13 July 1937 (D. Arnold, personal communication). One male specimen was taken under an electric light in the vicinity of Manhattan, Kansas on 5 September 1917 (McColloch and Hayes 1919). An additional Kansas record comes from Riley Co., with no reference to date or number collected (Pike et al. 1977). One specimen was captured in Lancaster Co., Nebraska on 6 August 1969 at a mercury-vapor light (Ratcliffe 1974). An additional specimen was captured at lights in Richardson Co., Nebraska (Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008). Fattig (1944) reported a male at a light from Prattsburg, Georgia on 24 July 1930, and Neiswander (1963) included light-trap captures from Adams and Warren counties, Ohio, with no reference to date or numbers collected. Specimens were collected with light traps in Boone, Cooper, Franklin, Jefferson, Laclede, and St. Louis counties in Missouri, with records as early as 1937 (K. Simpson, personal communication). Additional collection records for Missouri can be found in the Enns Entomology Museum at the University of Missouri. Specific collection and locality data for reports in Alabama, Indiana, Tennessee and Texas


A recent book by RobertMcPherson titledViewing the Ancestors: Perceptions of the Anaasází, Mokwic ̌, and Hisatsinom addresses the need for scholars, scientists, and academics to take the oral traditions of Native cultures seriously. When it comes to giving Indigenous peoples the needed proper acknowledgement for the significance and validity of their diverse worldviews, McPherson eloquently expresses the deeper meanings behind why Native people make a point of retelling their oral traditions. In addition to taking seriously the values, teachings, and validity of oral traditions, the Navajo Birth Cohort Study, a scientific study headed by the University of New Mexico Community Environmental Health Programs and the Center for Disease Control, makes use of social media, digital video, and science to communicate the issues that are culturally relevant today in Navajo communities to help create safe and healthy homes for mom, baby, and dad on the Navajo reservation. A review of McPherson's book provides an opportunity to inform readers about the continued use of the oral traditions by introducing an exciting project that was ordered by the U.S. Congress in August 2010, called the Navajo Birth Cohort Study that addresses an important outstanding aspect in Navajo life today: the effects of long-term exposure to uranium from abandoned mines on the birth and development of Navajo children. The use of oral traditions in validating the hard sciences has been a hot topic for years in academia, but the use of it has mainly been debated in the disciplines of anthropology, archaeology, and when there are opportunities to talk about Native American histories. The Navajo legacy of uranium and the oral traditions from Navajo communities is now helping scientists and doctors to discuss the trends over time while looking at the health disparities in Navajo communities, since the first uranium company arrived on Navajo lands over eighty years ago. In his recent book Viewing the Ancestors, Robert McPherson uses the Navajo concept of k'é, the Navajo natural kinship system, to introduce the subject of the book: the ancentral Anaasází, Mokwic ̌, and Hisatsinom people of the Southwest while he balances the oral traditions of Southwest Indians with scientific and kiva, Vol. 80 No. 2, December, 2014, 213–219


The solvent and temperature effects on the complexation of adamantyl mannoside with β-cyclodextrin and 6-O-monotosyl-6-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin was explored experimentally and by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The efficient binding was observed only in hydrogen-bonded solvents, indicating solvophobically driven complexation. The inclusion complex stability was considerably higher in aqueous media. A pronounced temperature dependence of ΔrH○ and ΔrS○ resulting in perfect enthalpy-entropy compensation was noticed in water. The complexation thermodynamics was in line with classical rationale of the hydrophobic effect at lower temperatures, and the non-classical explanation at higher ones. This finding linked the cyclodextrin complexation thermodynamics with the insights regarding temperature effect on hydration water structure. The complexation enthalpies and entropies were weakly temperature dependent in organic media. The signs of ΔrH○ and ΔrS○ were in accord with non--classical hydrophobic (solvophobic) effect. The structures of optimized product corresponded to those deduced spectroscopically and the calculated and experimentally obtained ΔrG○ were in very good agreement. The carried out investigation clearly demonstrated that solvophobically driven formation of cyclodextrin complexes can be anticipated in structured solvents in general. However, unlike in water, the adamantane and the host cavity behaved solely as structure breakers in so far explored organic media.


Objectives  To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of training for general practitioners (GPs) in medication review provided by practice pharmacists.


This 10‐week pilot study assessed the impacts of a novel intervention for simplified diet guidance on changes in dietary intake and clinical measures in subjects with type 2 diabetes. During a 2‐week baseline period, subjects wore continuous glucose monitors for 10 days while following their normal diets. Subjects were then randomized to 8 weeks of either: 1) simplified diet guidance with energy maintenance (EM, n = 26); or 2) simplified diet guidance with a 500 kcal/d target for energy restriction (ER, n = 25), for which 45 to 60 minutes of diet guidance was provided, with 15–30 minute refreshers at days 23 and 51. Menus and food lists allowed subjects to follow example menus or create self‐developed plans. During weeks 4 and 8, subjects wore the CGM for 5‐day periods. Both groups experienced significant BW loss (ER, −1.9 ± 0.4 kg, P<0.0001; EM −1.1 ± 0.4 kg, P<0.001). Mean 24‐hour G was significantly reduced (−11.4 ± 2.8 mg/dL, P<0.0001) in the ER group, while no change was observed in the EM group (−0.3 ± 1.9 mg/dL, P=0.78). Systolic and diastolic BP were significantly reduced in both ER (−15.3 ± 8.5 mm Hg, P=0.001; −12.5 ± 9.5 mm Hg, P=0.018 respectively) and EM (−4.4 ± 1.5 mm Hg, P=0.006; −2.3 ± 1.0 mm Hg, P=0.043 respectively) groups. These results suggest that simplified diet guidance can favorably impact G, BW and BP over the short term. Funded by Kraft Foods, Inc. (Glenview, IL).