There is a widely held assumption that Islamist ideology is incompatible with modernity and feminism. Active debate in Iran about the dynamics of population policy and women's rights and responsibilities, together with the government's efforts to build public consensus on the need for birth control and family planning, however, suggest that Islam may be flexible and adaptable in response to political and economic realities. Iranian women individually and collectively have questioned the male interpretation of the proper Islamic role of women. They have encouraged the government to introduce reforms in the areas of marriage, divorce, and education, and are agitating for more improvement in women's legal and social position. These activities indicate that reproductive choices and strategies are not decided by Islam, but are the product of the political and economic realities of a given society. The first population policy of the Islamic Republic was formulated in 1989. Since then, the Family Planning Board has regenerated itself well beyond its pre-revolution capacity in terms of research and public services. Population policy before and after the Islamic Revolution, building national consensus on family planning, the family planning network, women's status, contradictory signals, and women's options are discussed.


In the present document is intended to demonstrate the financial viability of the implementation of the Agency Virtual CASTROTOUR SA, which would become a new alternative to the market by focusing on value-added offering comfort and agility to customers who wish to purchase travel services, accommodation, among others that have industry mostly with people with high purchasing power represents a very attractive market. The following project is divided into 4 chapters, as explained below:
"Research problem" will reveal the motive driving the development of this innovative idea, based on the statement of the problem, expected to meet objectives be met throughout the investigation in order to verify the hypothesis.
"Theoretical Foundations" presents the theoretical aspects underlying the project, in this case related to the technological, strategic planning theories and practice marketing help planning proposal.
"Market Research", seeks to help understand how the market is structured to which is desired enter in order to determine their degree of attractiveness and barriers to entry, also a customer profile of the virtual agency.
"Planning Proposal" explain how they will be carried out the proposal to meet the need in the market. This chapter is important to note the subthemes that will address the business description, marketing plan, project operations and financial projections to determine whether it is appropriate for investors to conduct or not the proposal according financial evaluation indicators of return IRR, NPV and Benefit Cost Ratio.


Introduction: It has been postulated that so-called cancer stem cells drive tumor growth and expansion. One of the characteristics of stem cells is the unique ability to exclude the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33 342 which can be detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Such cells are referred to as the side population cells (SP). SP have been isolated from various types of tissues and tumor types. Furthermore, CD133 has been postulated as a universal stem cell marker and has been used to isolate human stem cells. The present study was undertaken to identify the SP with putative stem cell characteristics in primary RCC tissue specimen and determine the CD133 expression. Materials and methods: Tumor tissue was collected from radical tumornephrectomies, immediately minced, transferred to digestion medium and digested overnight. The cell suspension was loaded on a FicollPaque R plus gradient. Cells were either analyzed directly or cultured. The Hoechst 33 342 Red/Blue flow cytometry profile and CD133 expression was determined. Different cell populations were collected and a colony forming assay was performed. Results: Density dot-plot analysis confirmed the presence of SP (0.1–3.0%) in 6/7 RCC. Notably, the appearance of the SP phenotype was blocked by verapamil confirming active efflux of Hoechst 33 342. Remarkably, homogeneous CD133 expression was observed in 4/7 RCC specimens. The different subpopulations didn't display different colony forming capacities. Conclusion: RCC contains a small SP that can be isolated reproducibly, possibly representing RCC stem cells. Furthermore, in RCC the expression of CD133 is not limited to stem and progenitor cells. O02 Prostate stem cells are CD133/ABCG2/ EpCAM-positive, aldefluor-low, and can regenerate prostate epithelial cell cultures D.J. VANDER GRIEND* , I.V. LITVINOV , and J.T. ISAACS* *Chemical Therapeutics Program; Brady Urological Institute; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA


This paper sums up the conclusions of a research analyzing the French and the Italian "high councils of justice". Based on a comparative perspective (both diachronic and synchronic), it correlates the composition and the activity of these two bodies – which are generally considered opposite models – in order to explain some common trends. While part of the Italian legal and constitutional scholarship interprets the progressive enlargement of functions of the Consiglio superiore della magistratura as the result of its undue politicization, this paper shows that politicization is an outcome of a long-term process from oligarchic to constitutional and pluralist democracies and of the democratization of the judiciary. At the same time, it highlights how in its long-term evolution, the French Conseil superieur de la magistrature shows some typical elements of the Italian Consiglio superiore della magistratura, in relation to both its activity and the characteristics of its members. These elements are somehow related to the evolution of the notion of independence of the judiciary from a corporate one – strictly limited to the judicial staff career administration – to a broader one regarding the manifold influences affecting judges (and prosecutors) in pluralist and complex democracies. This paper provides both a theoretical and an empirical investigation, including the analysis of the professional path of the members of the French Conseil and the Italian Consiglio from 1947 to 2011.


The invention relates to derivatives of benzamidine REPLACED BY amino acid derivatives and cyclic hydroxy acid cyclic which are useful as anticoagulants and represented by formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V ), (VI), (VII), where A is - C (R 8) = O - N =; Z 1 YZ 2 are independently - O -, - N (R 9) -, S -, - S (O) -, - S (O) 2 - O - OCH 2 -; R 2 is C (NH) NH 2, - C (NH) N (H) OR 9, - C (NH) N (H) C (O) OR 12, - C (NG) N (H) C (O ) R 9, - C (NH) N (H) S (O) 2 R 12, O - C (NH) N (H) C (O) N (H) R 9; R 7 EN - N (R 9) - (C (R SUP, 9) (R 10)) NR 13 (where n is 0 to 4), - O (C (R 9) (R 10)) N - R 13 (where n is 0 to 4), O - N (R 14 R 15; R 1 YR 3 R 6 ARE AS DEFINED IN THE DESCRIPTION IN vention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions CONTAINING THESE. COMPOUNDS AND PROCEDURES FOR USE THEREOF FOR TREATING disease states characterized by thrombotic activity.


The interaction and the self-association of a variety of compounds in aqueous solution were investigated by the freezing point depression method using a commercially available osmometer. This method, described in our earlier publication, was used to determine the stability constant and self-association constant, which were based on the colligative properties of solution and calculated from the decrease of osmotic pressure obtained in terms of the freezing point depression. Stability constants were measured for complexes of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin with non-aromatic carbonic acids (acetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid), anions (I-, NO-3, ClO-4, CNO-, SCN-, Cr2O2-7) and amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan), and the self-association constant for caffeine was measured. These values gave good reproducibility and rapid estimation with a simple procedure. It was concluded that the freezing point depression method is useful for estimation of the stability constant and the self-association constant for drugs in aqueous solution.


The potential of telestroke implementation in resource‐limited areas has yet to be systematically evaluated. This study aims to investigate the implementation of telestroke on acute stroke care in rural areas.


Hubert Airy's iconic drawing of his own migraine visual aura for which he coined the term, "teichopsia," conveys important lessons for the contemporary clinician. His observations of the expansion ("build-up"), minification/magnification, and color/achromatopsia of migrainous teichopsia are consistent with (and possibly anticipatory of) the later discoveries of cortical spreading depression, cortical magnification of primary visual cortex (V1), and specialized cortical centers for color vision.


The possible beneficial effect of reduced glutathione infusion on acute reflux pancreatitis was investigated in five groups of rats (8 each). In groups A, A' and B, B' acute pancreatitis was induced b


This paper presents an effective and efficient approach for animals Iris recognition by analyzing the iris patterns as these patterns are statistically unique and are suitable for biometric measurement by using rectangular area detection algorithm. The unique identification of any animal concerned can be determined and verified by data set as patterns of bits which lead to identification of Iris patterns[1–2]. In this paper rectangular area detection for Iris localization and Hamming Distance method is used for Iris Recognition are proposed. Iris localization includes localization for inner and outer boundary of the animal Iris region. After extraction of the animal Iris from an eye image the Iris image is normalized and enhanced and is represented by a data set as bit wise patterns. Last of all Hamming Distance method is used for identification and recognition.


The article deals with the way in which partitive meaning was expressed in genitive constructions in the 16th-century Russian language. It focuses on the problem of codependence between partitive meaning and the genitive inflection -u, correlation between the inflections -a/-u, and the semantics of nouns which took the inflection -u in the 16th-century administrative files.


When it comes to classroom management, the attendance check is a critical component. Time-consuming, particularly when it comes to open meetings, is checking attendance by calling names or by handing around a sign-in sheet to make it easier to commit fraud. An implementation of a real-time attendance check is described in this article in great detail facial recognition system and its outcomes. The system must be able to identify a student's face in order for it to work first snap a photograph of the pupil and save it in a database as a reference for future use. During the event, there were students may be identified by using the webcam, which captures photos of their faces auto-detects faces and selects students with names that are most likely to match, and lastly, depending on the facial recognition findings, an excel file will be updated to reflect attendance. To identify faces in webcam footage, the system uses a pre-trained Haar Cascade model. As a result, a 128-bit FaceNet has been generated by training it to minimise the triplet loss. The dimensions of the facial picture. When two facial pictures have similar encodings If the two facial pictures are from the same student or different. Use of the system as part of a class, and the outcomes have been extremely positive. There has been a poll done to find out more about There are both advantages and disadvantages to using a college attendance system.


We introduce a new algorithm to analyze recursive, structured types. It derives information from object uses (accesser functions with type checking), as well as from object allocation. The type description is a form of graph grammar and is naturally finite even in the presence of loops. The intended use of the algorithm is to discover and remove unnecessary type checks, but it can be augmented to provide alias information as well.


Abstract:  Based on the described methods for the isolation of neonatal pancreatic cell clusters (NPCCs), we have developed modifications in order to improve their quality, functionality, and process reproducibility in the isolation technique, for potential use in research. In addition, we indicate techniques for describing yield, functionality, viability and purity of the NPCCs.


Development is typically conceptualized in the areas of cognitive, social, language, emotion, and physical. In the early childhood years, development is interwoven and happens simultaneously. For example, socially, children learn to take turns with other children; emotionally, preschoolers learn how to express empathy; cognitively, children learn rules of a game; starting conversations with peers demonstrates language development; and physical play with others demonstrates physical development. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many young children were not afforded typical paths to social-emotional development with their peers. This may be attributed to "shut downs," child care and school closures, or familial or personal parental decisions to name a few. As many young children return to group care and educational facilities, stakeholders should explore options for ways to meet their social-emotional needs. It will be important for educators to meet both the academic and social-emotional needs of the whole child.


Objective:To investigate the rule of the expression of Bcl-2,Ki-67,C-erbB-2 and their role in the course of occurring and development in colorectal carcinoma and adenoma.Methods:Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of Bcl-2,Ki-67,C-erbB-2 in 58 colorectal carcinoma,36 colorectal adenoma and 20 normal colorectal mucosa.Results:The positive rate of Bcl-2 in adenoma was almost the same as in carcinoma.The expression intensity in carcinoma was significantly higher than that in adenoma(P0.01).The expression intensity and positive rate of Bcl-2 in adenoma and carcinoma were significantly more stronger than those in normal colon mucosa(P0.01).The expression intensity and positive rate of Ki-67 in carcinoma were significantly higher than in adenoma(P0.01).There were significant difference between carcinoma and adenoma,normal mucosa in the expression intensity and positive rate of C-erbB-2(P0.01).The expression intensity and positive rate of C-erbB-2 in colorectal carcinoma were significantly higher than the one in colorectal adenoma(P0.01),and in patients who have lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis(P0.01).Conclusion:Bcl-2 plays an important role in malignant transformation of colorectal mucosa.The expression positive rate and intensity of Ki-67 are important to judge carcinoma and watch the pathway of adenoma.The overexpression of C-erbB-2 is closely associated with the occurrence and development of colorectal carcinoma.It serves as an important parameter for judging the maligmant degree of colorectal carcinoman,metastasis and predicting of lymph node.


The stereoselective synthesis of (4S,6S)-6-hydroxy-4-undecanolide, a major pheromone component in the secretion of Idea leuconoe has been accomplished employing Prins cyclization to produce anti-1,3-diols and hydroboration/oxidation of terminal olefin to introduce primary alcohol as the key steps.


Adaptive control design is studied for a class of unknown systems with a nonlinear perturbed dead-zone input. The nonlinear dead-zone can be represented as a time-varying system with a disturbance-like term. An adaptive controller is first constructed using functions acting as the upper bounds of the nonlinear dynamics, which are independent on the dead-zone parameters. Time-varying delays are also dealt with while the construction of an inverse dead-zone model is not required. Moreover, a neural controller is further proposed using a neural network with only a scalar weight parameter, such that the requirement on the bounds functions can be relaxed. The effectiveness of the developed approaches is illustrated by simulations.


This project, prepared for WPI's Archives Department in George C. Gordon Library, describes Worcester area prose authors and the rare book trade with the intent to expand upon and publicize the Archives' current holdings of Worcester authors. We investigated the rare book trade and the authors' lives through primary works, secondary works, and interviews. We have created a web publication on the authors and holdings at Gordon Library and have made a list of recommendations to the Archives Department on the acquisition of appropriate books to expand the collection in a cost-effective manner.


In this chapter Shklar discusses the moral dilemmas and the difficult choices that people face when confronted with making decisions under extreme circumstances. The two cases discussed are that of Ernst von Weizsäcker, who worked for the German Foreign Office under the Nazis but kept largely quiet, believing that his obligation was to the regime, and that of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a radical Protestant theologian who became part of the resistance against Hitler.


The present invention relates to novel substituted [2-(1-piperazinyl)-ethoxy]methyl compounds of formula in which R1 represents a —CONH2, —CN, —COOH, —COOM or —COOR3 group, M being an alkali metal and R3 being an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and R2 represents a hydrogen...


A modified technique for demonstrating the magnitude of Avogadro's number using a new Raspberry Pi computer and the Python language is described. The technique also provides students the opportunity to review dimensional analysis.


Objective To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of cryptorchidism.Methods 283 cases with cryptorchidism were reviewed.The ages range from 6 days to 14 years.224 cases had cryptorchidism on one side and 57 cases on both side.Two cases had no spermary.Results All patients were examined by ultrasonography,and the positive ratio of detections was 86.9%.128 cases with cryptorchidism(146 sides) were used hCG therapy.64 sides were healed(43.8%).Surgical operations were performed in 276 sides and 253 sides were dropped to scrotum(93.4%).Conclusion Diagnosis and treatment should be early made in children with cryptorchidism.Ultrasonographic method will do a service to Clinical diagnosis and treatment for cryptorchidism.And it is the first to be selected in detecting cryptorchism.Human Chorionic Gonadotropin(hCG) has better curative effect in children with cryptorchidism,which should be used in children less than 1 year old.Cryptorchidopexy can be used as a reliable measure for cryptochidism.


Background and purpose: Chemical fertilizers which contain nitrite and nitrate ions contaminate water, soil and plants. The livestock are exposed to the ions through grazing in these areas. This study was designed to evaluate the levels of ions in raw sheep and cows meat in Mazandaran and also, to estimate the dietary intake of the ions from fresh meat consumed in a regular diet. Materials and methods: A total of 36 samples of beef and 36 samples of mutton meat were collected from different cities of Mazandaran province (Sari, Babol and Qaemshahr) and their nitrite and nitrate contents were measured by colorimetric Griess Ilosvay method. Data were statistically analyzed by using Mann Whitney. Results: The mean of nitrate and nitrite in mutton was 4/9 and 0/36 and beef was 6/3 and 0/38 mg/kg. Nitrite and nitrate content in beef and mutton had no significant difference. Conclusion: Considering the recommended consumption of meat groups and their substitutes in the food pyramid, which is 6.5 ounce/daily for those who use 2,500 Kcal/day, it is estimated that the amount of nitrate and nitrite consumed by an adult in all meat groups from red meat, the nitrate intake is higher than in some countries such as the UK, although lower than CONTAM Panel is recommended.


The utility model discloses an environment-friendly spandrel girder engineering material which comprises a lamination pine body (1), wherein carbon fiber layers (2) are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the lamination pine body (1), an agglutination pine (3) is arranged outside each carbon fiber layer (2), and aluminum foil (4) is arranged outside each agglutination pine (3). All the layers stick together through epoxy resin adhesive. The lamination pine body (1) is 40.0-80.0 mm thick, each carbon fiber layer (2) is 5.5-8.0 mm thick, each agglutination pine (3) is 20.0-40.0 mm thick, and aluminum foil (4) is 0.5-1.2 mm thick. The environment-friendly spandrel girder engineering material is environment-friendly, reliable in performance, water-proof and fire-proof.


The research on courses offered is the urgent request to develop higher vocational education.The core of courses offered is to promote the coordinative development of dominant curriculum and reces-sive curriculum and the basis is to meet the demand of social requirement ,subject con struction,per-sonality orientation and individual development.So,courses offered should insist on policy prineiple,curriculum decision should insist on scientific principle,curriculum aim should in sist on synthetical principle,cur riculum structure should insist on elastic principle and curriculum function should insist on multiple principle.


This paper examines the use of copyright formalities – procedural requirements for securing and maintaining copyright protection – as a way to clarify rights over copyrighted material and bring copyright law closer to popular expectations about the proper scope of copyright protection. Our current formality-free system impedes the creative process by raising and creating costs of using works that would not enjoy copyright protection under a "conditional" copyright system. The result is higher licensing and transaction costs and the overprotection of works at the expense of the public domain. Coupling a "some rights reserved" registration system with a licensing-type menu will provide authors with sufficient incentive to produce new works without burdening speech or inhibiting the creation of new works.


An integrated biology and chemistry (iBC) course for freshmen college students was developed in University of Delaware. This course will prepare students to (1) become interdisciplinary thinkers in the field of biology and (2) collaboratively work with others from multiple disciplines in the future. This study documented and described the implementation of the course in terms of its physical environment, course format and scheduling, teaching team, and course content. The challenges in the implementation and how they were addressed were also described. The information gathered from reading literature, classroom observations, and interviews were used to carry out the purpose of this study. The course is taught in the Interdisciplinary Sciences Learning Laboratories of the university. The iBC is composed of lectures, laboratories, studio sessions, and workshops and is taught by the faculty from the biology and chemistry departments. In addition, the teaching team involved in the delivery of the course is composed of the preceptors, the graduate teaching assistants, and studio fellows who facilitate the laboratory and studio sessions. In addressing the challenge of integrating the topics in both disciplines, the topics and laboratory activities in both disciplines were aligned. The iBC can be used as a model for other higher education institutions who wish to implement an integrated biology course.


The present invention belongs to the technical field of metal material, it is a method for preparing nano SiC reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Silicon carbide and aluminum as raw materials, in a glove box under an Ar gas to become protective ingredient mix. Mix SiC content as a percentage of 5% to 30 volume%. 20-30 hours after milling with high energy vibration mill mixture, carried out in the tablet press and the heating system, hot isostatic pressing, a pressure of 600MPa-800MPa, a temperature of 200-250 deg.] C, the processing time is 1-2 hours, allowed to cool take out. Then in a high temperature vacuum furnace vacuum hot pressing, hot pressing temperature was 600 ℃ -700 ℃, the pressure is 30MPa-40MPa, heating time of 2 hours, 0.5 hour. The present invention, when the hot isostatic pressing, the density of the material can reach 80-90%, after sintering by hot pressing, the final density of the material can reach 90-99%. The present invention avoids the interfacial reaction, and also that favor the formation of slip dislocations materials, reduced porosity, improved density material.


The relationships organized by marriage and kinship in small scale societies have long been a mainstay of anthropological approaches to society. These approaches have, however, varied in contentious ways through the years. Some have stressed adherence to positive rules of marriage and behavior embedded in kinship terminologies (Levi-Strauss 1969 [1949]); others have stressed social organization as an outcome of statistical patterns of behavior (Murdock 1949). Still others have discussed social organization in terms of decision-making models, themselves structured by an embedded hierarchy of rules available to the conscious repertoire of social actors (Keesing 1967). More recent and promising analyses have attempted to join the improvisations of human agency with accounts that recognize the role of structured historical relationships and their strategic recreation (Bourdieu 1977). These are largely subsumed under the heading of practice approaches (Ortner 1984, 1989:11-18) and themselves encompass applications to various sets of data from historical (Bourdieu 1976) and secondary ethnographic sources (Collier 1988) to actual analyses of process among contemporary groups (Bradburd 1984). Among the advantages of practice approaches is an explicit concern with individual strategic behavior conducted within particular contexts of meaning and prestige rather than in response to an integrated, highly structured set of rules (Bourdieu 1976:119-120). This stress on defining particular local contexts does not exclude economic considerations from the understanding of practice although they are not given a priori analytic prominence. Moreover, where other approaches have stressed logical coherence, either in parallels between behavior and terminology or in normative systems, the practice perspective allows for the simultaneous existence of apparently contradictory motivations. Indeed, these points of tension provide actors with the alternatives that give flexibility to social systems. Leach recognized the importance of these inconsistencies in his work on the Kachin, suggesting that the "overall process of structural change comes about through the manipulation of these alternatives as a means of social advancement" (1977:8). Recent work demonstrates the pivotal position of marriage in recreating and extending political and domestic statuses in classless societies. Much of this work, however, seems to imply that any particular society will be defined by highly integrated ideal models which define the differences along which inequalities are structured. Jane Collier's (1988) three models of social inequality defined by marriage, for example, take social inequality as a necessary condition in all societies, but appear to assume single discourses of social interaction within any particular setting. Even Leach's recognition of


In this essay we will try to undercover some aspects of freedom and free will of person, which are hidden in the philosophy of St. Augustine of Hippo. As we know, this great philosopher, early Christian theologian, has influenced European Philosophy very much, and a lot of his apposite thesis are present in philosophy even today. Using the phenomenological method of Max Scheler, Karol Wojtyla, and Jean-Luc Marion we will try to present some aspects, discovered and described by Saint Augustin of Hippo, which are necessary for such ideas like subjective Ego.


Abstract In December 2014, the German Federal Constitutional Court declared the Inheritance and Gift Tax Act unconstitutional. The following article presents and discusses the judgment. Instead of trying to comply by changing as little as possible, the legislator should consider a fundamental and consequent alternative: an inheritance and gift tax that treats everybody the same.


The electrophoretic mobility of microscopically visible particles is independent of size, shape and conductivity of the particle within the limits of the experimental error. This is valid for extreme variations in size, shape and conductivity.


As the history of the early twenty-first century begins to unfold, academics among us can expect to be putting on new lectures (and possibly new courses) along the lines of 'Terror in the global village', '9/11 and its aftermath', 'Media messages and the future of fear', etc. This article was started at a time when people were still asking themselves whether the 'attacks on America' on 11 September 2001 were a world-changing watershed (and, as importantly, why they were a world-changing watershed). Since the start of this review (August 2002) we have experienced the shock of 'October 12'—the bombing in Bali; and the deaths of 119 hostages in the Chechen siege of a Moscow theatre. For Western audiences, it seems as if there has been a sea change:


And so, our "season in hell" has come to an end. Or has it? We have jointly navigated the waters charted by Homer, Vergil, Chaucer, Dante, Swift and Sartre, I at the helm, you at the oars. One day you will reexamine their works, understand them better, and maybe even enjoy them. Now you are getting ready to embark once more. Am I to see you off with a mere "Bon voyage"? How then can I attend to your departure? Shouldn't I remind you of the wisdom we have encountered together this year? Shouldn't I quote Socrates in farewell: "As for me, all I know is that I know nothing," or Polonius: "This above all.. ."? How about one more Donne: "Never ask for whom the bell tolls. .."? But I am not Socrates, nor Shakespeare, nor am I Donne. I am I, as you are you. So let me bid farewell in my own


This thesis consists of an experimental investigation of the effect of surfactants on the boiling curve of water. Via adsorbtion to the boiling surface, surfactants alter the surface energy interaction during bubble formation at nucleation sites. The surfactants initially enhance the heat transfer coefficient at the onset of nucleate boiling due to higher nucleation density and higher bubble departure frequency. The critical heat flux, on the other hand, generally dropped by nearly 50% in the presence of surfactants. As these surfactants are charged molecules, the application of an electric field was used to increase or decrease adsorption of surfactants on the boiling surface, thereby tuning the level of boiling enhancement during the onset of nucleate boiling and further illustrating the role of surfactants in the boiling process. Thesis Supervisor: Evelyn N. Wang Title: Associate Professor


BACKGROUND
Studies evaluating long-term trends in hospitalizations coded as pneumonia following introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) are sparse, especially in adults. We extended our previous analysis to 6.5 years after the "3 + 0" PCV7 schedule was introduced in Australia in 2005.

METHODS
We estimated vaccine impact on hospitalizations coded as pneumonia (pneumococcal/lobar, other specified, unspecified, and all-cause) using a multivariate negative binomial regression model of monthly hospitalization rates by age group for the pre-PCV7 (July 1998 to December 2004) and post-PCV7 (January 2005 to June 2011) periods, adjusting for vaccination coverage. Changes in pneumonia hospitalizations were measured as incidence rate ratios.

RESULTS
A total of 791 000 hospitalizations coded as pneumonia were identified; unspecified causes accounted for >85%. Reductions in pneumonia coded as pneumococcal/lobar were statistically significant in all age groups and greatest in children. Significant reductions in all-cause pneumonia were seen only in children aged <2 years (32%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 28%-37%) and 2-4 years (20%; 95% CI, 14%-27%), with no significant changes in other age groups, including adults aged 65-74 (4%; 95% CI, -3% to 10%), 75-84 (2%; 95% CI, -4% to 9%), and ≥85 years (3%; 95% CI, -3% to 10%).

CONCLUSIONS
We could not replicate reductions of 23% in all-cause pneumonia 7-9 years post-PCV7 introduction reported for adults aged ≥85 years in the United States. This could be attributable to vaccine program factors, differing proportions of pneumonia due to pneumococci, or data limitations. More data from countries with differing PCV schedules and from the PCV13 era are needed to inform vaccination strategies for elderly adults.


Recent studies indicate that the mantle is the main reservoir of nitrogen. Feldspar can incorporate nitrogen as ammonium substituting for K in the structure, thus is one of main carriers of nitrogen to the deep Earth through plate subduction. Knowledge of behavior of ammonium in feldspar at high temperatures and high pressures is very important to understand the preservation and transfer of nitrogen during subduction. However, there is only one report of behavior of ammonium in feldspar at high pressures [1]. It suggested that ammonium in feldspar is very stable and has little interaction with the feldspar lattice under compression, which is different from behavior of ammonium in phengite at high temperatures [2,3]. To reveal ammonium behavior in feldspar at high temperatures, here, we carry out in situ FTIR spectroscopic investigations on ammonium in a hyalophane feldspar at elevated temperatures up to 1000 o C, analyze evolution of the N-H bonding strength, and fit the diffusion coefficient of nitrogen at 1000 o C. The results show that the N-H stretching vibration band(v 3 ) shifts to higher frequencies with increasing temperature to 100 o C, and then to lower frequencies at higher temperatures. This trend indicates temperature-induced hydrogen bonding weakening at temperatures lower than 100 o C, and the next weakening of N-H bonding strength, which is on the contrary to the behavior of ammonium in feldspar under compression [1]. In addition, the diffusion rate of nitrogen is about 6.5 × 10 -13 m 2 /s at 1000 o C, which is one order of magnitude faster than nitrogen diffusion in phengite (7.9 × 10 -14 m 2 /s at 1000 o C) [3] This is the first report of high temperature behavior of ammonium in feldspar, and has implications for evaluating preservation and


Little tubers of three cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were produced on physiologically old seed tubers by storing them at 18′2°C and desprouting twice during storage. These little tubers, weighing 0.3-1.0 g, were used as seed and evaluated under field conditions in comparison with normal seed tubers weighing 40-60g. Little tubers produced single stemmed plants, which were comparable to normal plants in terms of height, girth and leaves on the main stem. When little tubers were planted at 60x10 cm spacing compared to normal seed tubers planted at 60x20 cm, the number of tubers produced per m 2 was higher for little tubers in Kufri Bahar and Kufri Sindhuri but in cultivar Kufri Chandramukhi, there was no significant difference. Tuber yield was lower when little tubers were used as seed as compared to normal seed tubers in Kufri Chandramukhi, but, in the other two cultivars there was no significant difference in yield. Results showed that little tubers of Kufri Bahar and Kufri Sindhuri produced on physiologically old tubers during storage can be used to raise a reasonably good crop but this does not hold true for Kufri Chandramukhi.


The role of Helicobacter pylori in the progress of peptic ulcer disease is reviewed. In particular, the relationship between H. pylori infection and relapse rate is discussed, including an overview of current theories regarding the mechanism of tissue damage induced by the organism. The relative merits of the recommended drug therapies are outlined, with emphasis on their effectiveness in removing H. pylori from the gastrointestinal tract, the risks of the development of resistant strains of the organism, the adverse effects of the therapies and the approaches that are likely to be adopted in the future.


Activity is a characteristic of normal children, quite apparent to adults but of which the children themselves are unaware. Likewise they do not realise when they are being hyperactive: the children themselves make no complaint. It is adults responsible for these children, particularly parents and teachers, who make the judgements albout hyperactivity, and in making them their own subjective appreciation of normality, their levels of tolerance or intolerance of environmental disturbance, and their prejudices on childhood behaviour become involved. Hyperactivity has been defined as a chronic, sustained, excessive level of motor activity which is the cause of significant complaint both at home and at school.' Using


BUCHERGILDE Gutenberg of Berlin published Der Schatz der Sierra Madre in 1927. Alfred Knopf of New York published The Treasure of the Sierra Madre in 1935. The language in which the novel was written is not known. Neither manuscripts nor proofs of either edition exist. It cannot be stated with any certainty that the manu script which Biichergilde Gutenberg received was in German. From the meager correspondence between Traven and his German editor, Ernst Preczang, it can be inferred that the manuscript of TheTreasure of the Sierra Madre was in German, because Traven's first novel, The Death Ship, was finally written in German. In a letter dated 18 November 1929 Traven wrote, "I immediately sat down and rewrote the manuscript of The Death Ship in German for the Biichergilde Gutenberg."1 Bernard Smith, the editor at Alfred Knopf, stated, in a 1970 article in the New Yor1{ Times Boo\ Review, that Traven supplied an English language text. Due to Traven's awkward English, the text was unpub lishable because the impact of the narration was negated by the German sentence structures. Smith offered to "rewrite" the novel with Traven's approval. Smith claimed that he treated about 25 per cent of the text which included reconstructing entire paragraphs. He wrote: "There was nothing creative about the work I did. I neither added nor subtracted I was eager to retain the special flavor, the occasional stiltedness, the wav ering union of toughness and sentimentality."2 No examples were given of the changes Smith made; therefore it cannot be proven which deci sions concerning structure, content, and language of the Knopf edition of The Treasure of the Sierra Madre were made by Traven and which by Smith.


Recently, magnesium alloys have gained a significant amount of recognition as potential biomaterials for degradable implants for craniofacial bone screws. Purpose: The aim of this work was to compare screws made specifically for mandibular head osteosynthesis from different materials. Materials and Methods: Screws measuring 14 mm made by one manufacturer specifically for mandibular head osteosynthesis out of the following materials were selected: magnesium (MgYREZr), titanium (Ti6Al7Nb), and polymer (PLGA). The axial pull-out strength and torsional properties were investigated. Results: Each type of screw presented different pull-out forces (Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.001). The magnesium screw had the highest pull-out force of 399 N (cracked without the screw out being pulled out), followed by the titanium screw, with a force of 340 N, and the PLGA screw, with a force of 138 N (always cracked at the base of the screw head without the screw being pulled out). ANOVA was performed for the maximal torques before damage to the screw (torsional properties), revealing that the maximal torque of the magnesium screw was 16 N·cm, while that of the titanium screw was 19 N·cm. The magnesium screw was significantly weaker than the titanium screw (p < 0.05). The measured torque and pull-out force were not related to each other (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Among the screws compared, the metal biodegradable magnesium screw seems to be the most suitable material for multiscrew mandibular head osteosynthesis, considering the condition of the fragile screwdriver socket.


Objective: To design a cervical cancer screening algorithm for the developing world highly sensitive for CIN II, III, and cancer, and highly specific for CIN II and III, making it possible to ablate the transformation zone without histologic confirmation. Methods: In rural Shanxi Province, China, we examined 1997 women ages 35-45. Each subject underwent a self-test for HPV (by HC-II assay), fluorescence spectroscopy, a liquid based pap (read manually and by computer and used as a direct test for HPV), a visual inspection (VIA) diagnosis, and colposcopy with multiple cervical biopsies. Results: Mean age was 39.1 ± 3.16 years, mean number of births of 2.6 ± 0.93. Based on tests administered 4.3% subjects had 3 CIN II. All subjects with 3 CIN II had either a ThinPrep Pap (3 ASCUS), or a positive HPV direct test. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of 3 CIN II was respectively 83% and 86% for the HPV self-test, 95% and 85% for the HPV direct test, 94% and 78% for the ThinPrep Pap (3 ASCUS), 77% and 98% for the ThinPrep Pap (3 HGSIL), 94% and 09% for fluorescence spectroscopy, 71% and 74% for VIA, and 81% and 77% for colposcopy. Conclusion: Based on these data and the existing healthcare infrastructure in China, we believe further refinement of primary HPV screening using centralized labs is indicated. Self-testing in the local villages may be effective with improvements in the devices and techniques.


This present study Analytical Hierarchy Processes (AHP) techniques, PVI and SVI indices were applied, calculate and identified the physical and socio-economic, cultural, historical and environment criterion and sub-parameters (05 major criteria and 22 sub-parameters) based on the evaluation of tourism potential ability of each parameter and its scenic beauty for a selected site of Ganpatipule beach in Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra (India) most significant importance to tourism. AHP-OS software was used to calculating pairwise comparisons matrix and determine the weight of selected criterion and parameters. The physical of vulnerability index (PVI) and socio-economic vulnerability index (SVI) calculating the physical computation of consistency ratio, CR=CI/RI (CR=0.07) the socio-economic computation of consistency ratio, CR = 0.08 values identified study area tourism potential is relevant. The PVI and SVI classes i.e. very highly coastal tourism potential to low coastal tourism potential are identified to the coastal area natural potential site. GIS-based Arc 10.3; Global Mapper (2011) the software was used to analyze beach potential in the study area. The AHP techniques are most applicable for in this study area for coastal tourism planning, management and development of local level.


At this present scenario, the demand of the system capacity is very high in wireless network. MIMO technology is used from the last decade to provide this requirement for wireless network antenna technology. MIMO channels are mostly used for advanced antenna array technology. But it is most important to control the error rate with enhanced system capacity in MIMO for present-day progressive wireless communication. This paper explores the frame error rate with respect to different path gain of MIMO channel. This work has been done in different fading scenario and produces a comparative analysis of MIMO on the basis of those fading models in various conditions. Here, it is to be considered that modulation technique as QPSK to observe these comparative evaluations for different Doppler frequencies. From the comparative analysis, minimum amount of frame error rate is viewed for Rician distribution at LOS path Doppler shift of 0 Hz. At last, this work is concluded with a comparative bit error rate study on the basis of singular parameters at different SNR levels to produce the system performance for uncoded QPSK modulation.


This paper considers a utility maximization and optimal asset allocation problem in the presence of a stochastic endowment that cannot be fully hedged through trading in the financial market. We rely on the dynamic programming approach to solve the optimization problem. The properties of the value function, particularly the homogeneity, are used to reduce the HJB equation by one dimension. Furthermore, the optimal strategy is derived, and its asymptotic behavior is discussed.


In this paper, melting heat of low-pressure refrigerant HCFC-141b gas hydrate has been measured with DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter), two groups of DSC melting curve were obtained. The experimental results were showed that melting heat of HCFC-141b gas hydrate is about 330 kJ/kg when melting temperature is about 6.5癈, so it is closed to that of ice.


Zero-suction lysimeters and gravity-drained columns have been used routinely to measure water and solute transport through soils, both in the field and in the laboratory. Such procedures are particularly influenced by the bottom boundary condition imposed by a typical lysimeter and can greatly increase the spatial variability of drainage. This study was designed to demonstrate experimentally the spatial distribution of water and solute in the drainage from a uniform moist soil column. A column of soil (305 × 305 × 305 mm) sieved to a uniform size (0.17-0.50-mm diameter) was constructed over a drainage collection apparatus. This allowed the effluent to be separated into 100 equal size cells while suction between 0 and −2.66 kPa was maintained at the lower boundary in combination with 1 cm h−1 and 3 cm h−1 of water application rates to the surface. When the column was drained under gravity, 90% of the water drained into just four cells. The degree of variability in spatial distribution of the effluent decreased significantly once suction was applied at the bottom boundary. Similarly, under zero-suction, 80% of the applied chloride concentration was recovered from just 4% of the drainage area. Under gravity, spatial distribution of drainage was influenced both by unstable flow within the matrix and by the bottom boundary. Gravity lysimeters devoid of any potential to drive the movement of water and solute through an artificial bottom boundary may result in overestimation of preferential flow pattern and may not adequately represent the magnitude of matrix flow in a uniform field soil draining at natural field potentials.


By analyzing the two functions of the evaluation itself——the "reward and punishment function and develop-ment function" in this thesis,combined with the subjective purpose of the evaluation and the actual needs to discuss the relationship of the encouragement evaluation and progressive evaluation,so that we can evaluate the teachers effectively in practice,but not to separte them absolutely.


The procedure outlined by these authors requires repetitive calculation. This note shows that by writing the relationships mathematically, expressions for WI' and Tp can be derived, permitting these quantities to be estimated directly. The resultant advantages in rapidity of calculation and insight into the interaction of the parameters on the WI' and Tp estimates are illustrated by analyzing the data presented by Steane. WI', it is later argued, is the important quantity in mill design, Tp only applying to an existing mill.


Through the studying of supervision methodology for expressway construction progress, this paper introduced the application of dynamic - control - method in the supervision of the expressways construction.


The stone arch bridge to be demolished was located in residential area of the city in very complicated environment.The first considering factor was blasting safety,and for this reason,stage delay blasting method was employed in the construction,achieving the blasting effect that the bridge collapsed entad along higher reaches of the river.The paper introduced blasting program,blasting parameters and safety precautions,which can be referenced by similar engineering.


and the patterns of social acceptance and rejection have become increasingly important considerations in educational circles over the past decade. This interest has been substantially aided, if not originated, by the development of a series of measuring instruments known as sociometric methods, originated by Moreno (5), by which such social patterns can be identified. A recent review of studies (4) using such methods has revealed a number of variables positively related to social choice. Among the more prominent of these variables are intelligence, socioeconomic status, physical proximity in the classroom, sex, and family size.


The development background,design considerations,overall structure,main technical parameters and technical features of 6L280ZL C/D marine diesel engine were described,and the future work ideas and considerations were set forward.


PURPOSE: A transfer truck for a wind turbine is provided to disperse the load of the transfer truck by contacting wheels with a rail even if the rail is bent or twisted. CONSTITUTION: A transfer truck for a wind turbine comprises a truck body(100), wheel units(110), and elastic members(120). The wheel units are in contact with a rail(1) and are rotated. The wheel units are separated from each other. Each wheel unit comprises a wheel support and wheels separated from each other. The elastic members elastically press the wheel units so that the wheel units can be in contact with the rail.


The description of industrial lyophilisation processes by means of theoretical models requires a balance that is suitable for the very severe environmental conditions that take place in a freeze-dryer. A capacitive analytical balance that is able to operate in the temperature range of -80/spl deg/C to +20/spl deg/C and in the pressure range of 0.5 Pa to 100 kPa is described in this paper. Such a balance is based on a parallel-electrode capacitor whose capacity is affected by the mass of the substance that is placed on the moving electrode of the capacitor. The capacitor acts as the reactive element of an oscillator circuit that converts the capacity into frequency. Such a frequency is measured and eventually converted in a mass measurement. The prototype the authors have made has a range of about 300 g, is 6 cm high and has a diameter of about 18 cm. The operating principle of the balance is described and the results obtained during different lyophilisation processes are shown.


This chapter discusses the recent jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), reaching the conclusion that the Court's approach evolves towards judicial integration. After analysing the notion of lex specialis with regards to the question of responsibility and jurisdiction, as (implicitly) proposed by the ECtHR in the Catan judgement, the chapter considers the question of the attribution of conduct introduced for the first time in the Jaloud judgment. The chapter draws a parallel between the notion of effective control used in the International Court of Justice's (ICJ's) Nicaragua case and the Chiragov case. It argues that the Courts ruling in Chiragov is closer to the criteria of effective control imposed by the ICJ. The analysis will display that, in both recent decisions, the Court is moving towards judicial integration in the sense of a reasoned difference between the responsibility of human rights and general international law. It is evident that the European Convention of Human Rights is no self-contained regime.


Catalyst is a new quarterly journal published by the popular, US radical left journal, Jacobin. Its co-editor, socialist and historian, Robert Brenner, argues that the left in the US right now has an opening of the sort that it has not had in living memory. Jacobin has a print magazine of over 30,000 subscribers and a web audience of a million a month and certainly reflects the upsurge of interest in socialism in the US. Catalyst expressly aims to address more theoretical and strategic issues confronting the left. The journal is in part a product of the rapidly expanding Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), whose membership, at the last count, had risen to 25,000. Jacobin's editor Baskar Sunkara is the vicechair of DSA. Contributors to the first issue, Chris Maisano and Joseph Schwarz, are on the DSA national political committee. Catalyst co-editor Vivek Chibber, a sociologist based at New York University is a DSA supporter. But the journal has attracted people across the wider US left: Labour Notes founder Kim Moody, Mike Parker union activist in the independent Richmond Progressive Alliance in California, Mike Davis, Sam Ashman and Trevor Ngwane from the Socialist Workers Party tradition, and many others. The first two issues of Catalyst look promising indeed. The introductory editorial lays out the political ground, postTrump. The crisis of legitimacy in US capitalism, arising from massive income inequality has exposed both the faultlines of a weakened, 'not your parents' capitalism', and the Republicans and the Democrats as the neoliberal twins of the mega wealthy. The ensuing political vacuum explains the rise of the Trump Right and the surge of popular anger against poverty and racism. In Europe, it notes, the radical left has led mobilizations against austerity in three distinct phases: on the streets and squares marked by autonomous anti-politics, via electoralism and capitulation to 'office without power' as Syriza did, and through workers' action and the nuit debout movement as in France in 2016. By contrast in the US, there has been 'a stunning failure' on the part of the opposition movements to 'derive the necessary political lessons in order to take the struggle forward and to build political organizations or develop political programmes'. This is the 'yawning gap' that Catalyst aims to confront. Putting the working class at the centre of the fractured political landscape would seems to be central political message of Catalyst. The articles which do this are worth reviewing in some detail as they are the main strengths of the journal so far. In the first issue, in Spring 2017, Mike Davis gives a prescient, and characteristically eloquent, analysis of Trump's victory. He cautions against jumping to con-


A review of the RIBA's recent research symposium 'The Design Quality Proposition: ensuring and communicating design quality in architectural practice'. Focusing on three case studies; Sainsbury Laboratory in Cambridge, Royal Road Housing in London, Wilkinson Primary School in Wolverhampton; the articles explores what constitute design quality and how it can be measured.


Objective To observe the influence of simvastatin on the level of blood fat and untoward effect in treating hypercholesterolemia. Methods A draught of simvastatin (20 mg) were given to patients whose total cholesterol≥6.0 mmol/L at night for 8 weeks,then measured the level of blood fat and compared it with that of pre-treatment.Results The concentration of TC and LDL-C decreased in various degree when comparing the level of blood fat of 120 cases with hypercholesterolemia between pre and post treatment(P0.05).Untoward effect was slight. Conclusion Simvastatin is worth to use spreadly in clinical field with determined curative effect and slight untoward effect.


The Trost modular ligand (TML) series induces high levels of asymmetric induction in an extraordinarily wide range of reactions involving palladium π -allyl intermediates. Prior mechanistic investigations into reactions involving simple Pd- π -cyclohexenyl intermediates has focussed on the monomeric 13-membered ring formed via P,P-chelation of the ligand to Pd. However, ring-opening oligomerisation was recognised as providing a major pool of polynuclear palladium species that, through low or even opposite asymmetric induction to the mononuclear species, are responsible for a reduction in selectivity under non-optimised conditions. Herein we describe an investigation by NMR, molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, and small-angle neutron scattering, of a Pd- π -cyclohexenyl cation bearing the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane TML ligand ( 2 ). Using both nondeuterated and perdeuterated (D 47 ) isotopologues of the resulting complexes ([ 1 ] + ), we show that a two-stage oligomerisation-aggregation process forms large cylindrical particles of high nuclearity (up to 56 Pd centres).


Objective It is to study the effect of Thera-garlicin on blood vessel endothelium and ingredients of blood in rats with diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods The rats which were successfully made to DM models by alloxan were randomly divided into DM group,low dosage Thera-Garlicin(10 mg/(kg·d)) group,high dosage Thera-Garlicin(30 mg/(kg·d)) group.The contents of serum NO,SOD,MDA and CH in the rats were determined after 4 weeks,and the endothelium depending relaxing reaction of thoracic aorta annulation was observed.Results There were significant differences in the contents of NO,MDA and SOD between the two groups.And the endothelium depending relaxing of thoracic aorta annulation was obviously improved in Thera-Garlicin group.Conclusion Thera-Garlicin has a protecting fucntion on injury of blood vessel endothelium in rats with diabetes mellitus


Abstract Extensive surveys of sediment burdens of radiocaesium, specifically 137Cs, and other radioactive contaminants in the Arctic during the 1990′s, indicate that almost all anthropogenic radionuclides buried on continental shelves adjacent to Alaska are derived from global bomb fallout. the 137Cs (half-life: 30.2y) activities observed in surface (0–4 cm) marine sediments however, vary widely, albeit much less than the expected current inventory resulting from bomb fallout at this latitude (∼100mBq cm−2). This observed geographical variation provided the opportunity to evaluate physical and biological mechanisms that may affect caesium biogeochemistry on Arctic continental shelves. We investigated whether high biological productivity in portions of the Bering and Chukchi Seas is effective in removing dissolved radiocaesium from the water column, and whether biological production in overlying water affects total radiocaesium inventories in sediments. Based upon C/N ratios in the organic fraction of shal...


aspiration. The following conclusions, briefly stated, result from this analysis. Individuals strive for occupational ranks higher than the ones they hold. Aspirations increase as vocational status rises. Vocational aspiration is related to dominance, family occupational pattern, ability, education, income, and type of education. Vocational aspiration is not related to age, marital status, employment stability, occupation of siblings, and length of supplementary education. Aspirants to higher vocational levels are inferior to workers on those levels. The conclusions support general opinion and empirical observation and raise a question about the need for elaborate statistical analyses in fields where simpler methods may give results as valid and useful as those which are possible in view of the methodological and the terminological limitations in social science. Vocational counselors will be particularly interested in this study. Chapter ii supplies a good summary of previous investigations and chapter iii, a useful review of systems of occupational classification. J. M. O'ROURIE Lane Technical High School


Combining with the connotation of credit system, this paper deals with the necessities, importance, and advantages of the applying credit system of adult education. It also makes an analysis on credit system according to the current condition of adult education in university and college. Besides, the other problems are pointed out.


ABSTRACT The mating (male courtship, amplexus and oviposition) and male territorial behaviours of Phyllomedusa ayeaye are described from a high-altitude site in the state of Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil. Information related to male breeding success and territoriality, as well as egg clutch parameters, is provided, together with qualitative information regarding tadpole phenology and juvenile recruitment. In addition, estimations of sexual dimorphism and numbers of marked individuals are available through capture-mark-recapture sampling. Females bred with males within spatially clustered oviposition sites (broadleaf plants). In some cases, the amplectant couple actively searched for the oviposition site. Males defended territories from other males, employing both acoustic and physical interactions. Some males successfully maintained their calling sites over successive nights, and others seemed to switch among nearby sites during successive nights and tried to disrupt ongoing ovipositions. No significant relationship was found between physical attributes (snout vent length or body mass) of males with breeding success. Also, no influence of the number of nights a male was active in chorus and its breeding success was detected. Therefore, it is proposed that the mating system in P. ayeaye may be opportunistic. Additional information related to reproduction (egg clutch parameters and breeding behaviours) is also discussed for other species of the Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis group and compared with the results of the present study.


The standard of care for patients with septic arthritis has long been 3 to 6 weeks of antibiotics, usually following surgical drainage, but


Purpose. To report the outcome of displaced subcapital neck of femur fractures in the independent elderly (>70 years) managed with total hip arthroplasty through a modified Hardinge approach. Methods. Between 1998 and 2000, a surgeon performed a cemented hip replacement using a modified lateral approach in 35 consecutive patients in the Hawke's Bay Regional Hospital, Hastings. Medical charts and out-patient follow-up clinic records were reviewed with respect to outcomes, with particular reference to complications. Independent review of functional outcome was completed at one year postsurgery using a questionnaire. Results. At an average follow-up of 1.8 years (range, 1–3 years), no patient needed further surgery. One patient had died, giving a mortality rate at one year of 2.9%. All other medical complications were successfully treated. The overall prevalence of early medical complications was 43%. There were no dislocations, and 80% of patients had a good clinical outcome at their latest follow-up. Conclusion. The modified lateral approach of Hardinge minimises the incidence of postoperative dislocation. However, there was a high incidence of medical complications and aggressive treatment of such complications was necessary, both preoperatively and postoperatively. The number of pre-existing medical conditions was a significant factor influencing patient morbidity.


【Objective】 To evaluate the impact of a kindergarten-based intervention program to childhood obesity and to reduce the prevalence of obesity among preschool children. 【Methods】 Two intervention and two control kindergartens were selected from Chaoyang and Daxing district,to attend the field trial.Each district had an intervention and a control kindergarten.Children of 2 to 4 years old in the kindergarten were involved the study.Obesity was defined by WHO standard weight for height.The children in two intervention kindergartens would participate in a kindergarten-based intervention program for 2 years.The program included health education,exercise,providing diet of balanced nutrition,and informing parents the growth situation of the child.Outcomes were assessed using pre-intervention and follow-up measures. 【Results】 The prevalence of obesity among the children in intervention group was reduced from 8.78% to 7.77% after 2 years.The prevalence of obesity among the children in control group increased from 3.58% to 6.81% the same term.The prevalence of hypertension in intervention group was reduced from 4.83% to 2.60%.The prevalence of hypertension in control group increased from 1.39% to 1.85%.The decrease of body mass index(BMI) of children in intervention group was more evident than that in control group.The increase of arm encirclement of children in intervention group was less than that in control group(P0.05). 【Conclusion】 The kindergarten-based intervention program is effective in controlling the prevalence of obesity and improving the shape of the children in the kindergarten.


Chemical processes often have many variables that are being monitored every minute or every second. This can result in "data overload" and useful information that is buried within the collection of data is lost. Techniques that provide a quick method to extract information from large sets of data can prove to be very beneficial. In many cases, however, the data collected from processes are redundant, or highly correlated. In the paper, inferential models for estimating product compositions are built by using partial least squares (PLS) regression, based on simulated time series data. The PLS method removes the correlation problem by projecting the original variable space to an orthogonal latent space. A debutanizer column is used as a case study and the results of the PLS method are compared to another two multivariate statistical methods, which are multiple linear regression and principal components regression.


Objective To investigate the expression of EGF in hemangioma (HG) and vascular malformation (VM). Methods Between March 1998 and October 2005,92 patients including 72 patients with HG and 20 patients with VM were recruited in this study. Among of them,52 were female,and 40 were male. Patients' age ranged from 40 days to 13 years old with an average age of 1.6 years old. All the samples were collected from the resected tiddues, and were fixed by 10% neutral formaldehyde solution. Ten normal skin samples were taken as controls. H&E stain and immunohistochemical staining of EGF were performed on tissue sections. Results The expression of EGF was significantly increased in HG group, and decreased in VM group (P<0. 001 ). The EGF expression of HG group peaked in the proliferative phase, and decreased gradually in the involuting and involuted phases. The expression of EGF varied directly with the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in HG patients (P <0. 001 ). Conclusions EGF is related to the proliferation and involution of HG but not VM. EGF promotes the proliferation of HG by affecting the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.

Key words:
Epidermal growth factor;  Hemangioma;  Immunohistochemisty


Analogue models are a useful tool when one wants to understand or probe phenomena in one physical system in terms of concepts from another, which may be more familiar or more easily accessed by experiments. This work explores this framework in the context of analogue models of gravity based on fluid dynamics. Particularly, we are interested in providing an analogue model for a radial fluid flow with a point source/sink at the origin. We start by considering the case where the (radial) flow velocity is constant. The resulting analogue model is then the Anti-de Sitter spacetime (AdS) which is known to be non-globally hyperbolic. As a result, the dynamics of fields in this background is not well defined until extra boundary conditions at its spatial boundary are prescribed. The fluid dynamics counterpart of these extra boundary conditions provide an effective description of the point source/sink at the origin. After that, we consider regularizations of this model near the source/sink at the origin. We then impose conditions on them in order that the dynamics is well defined so that no extra boundary conditions are required. We calculate how physical quantities, like the phase difference between ingoing and outgoing scattered waves are affected by the regularizations. These results are then compared with the AdS case to understand the main implications of the regularization, which has the effect of deforming the AdS space near its spatial infinity. We also show that, under certain conditions, the phase difference obtained for these deformed AdS spaces agrees with that obtained in the AdS case. Key-words: Analogue models. General Relativity. Fluid dynamics.


In the three-dimensional extension of the high efficiency video coding standard (3D-HEVC), the optimal depth intra coding block partition structure with smallest rate-distortion (RD) cost is decided after recursively checking all possible partition levels (0-3). The block partition method, together with all intra modes for depth maps at each partition level, dramatically increases the computational complexity of depth intra coding. In this paper, we propose an early termination method for intra block partitioning, in which the termination decision could be decided in a simplified form associated with the current block and its first sub-block. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm could save 45.10% of depth coding time with almost no increase in BDBR.


A short survey of American historiography of the 20th century is given with a focus on the studies of the relationship between Alaskan Natives and local and federal government. During the 20th century history a unique legislative, economic and political state structure oriented for satisfying economic and cultural needs of the Native population was formed in the region.


The behaviour of perturbations around trajectories of variable structure systems is studied and a sensitivity formula is derived. This formula is used to adapt classical shooting algorithms for computing periodic solutions to piecewise smooth systems. The innu-ence of switching boundaries on the stability of periodic solutions is studied within a control theory approach.


Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) with different diameters were successfully synthesized by polyol reduction method. The Ag NWs' size was controlled by the chloride concentration in the reaction system (0.12 g/mL–1/1.5/2 mL for samples 1, 2 and 3, respectively).
 The Ag NW samples were fully characterized by SEM and PXRD analyses. The biological activity of Ag NWs 1–3 for the treatment of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated disease was evaluated, and the mechanism was discussed. First, the inhibitory activity of Ag NWs 1–3
 on the levels of S100 and VEGF in serum was examined via ELISA detection. Real-time RT-PCR assay was subsequently used to test the activation for the NF-κB signaling pathway in brain tissue after treatment with the compound.


In this letter, the statistical behaviour of the shallow water acoustic channel for wireless communications is shown to be well characterized by the Ricean shadowed distribution, which has never been proposed for communication purposes on this type of channel. This characterization is clearly motivated from statistical and physical perspectives and has both theoretical and practical advantages compared to previously proposed models.


Due to the continuous increase of output, the gear in the drafting mechanism of the spinning frame is damaged by excessive wear. The distribution of gear Mises stress and intermediate shaft angle was studied by finite element analysis regarding draft mechanism. The results of analysis indicated that mainly due to the lower bending stiffness of the intermediate shaft, gear 3 generates a larger Mises stress. By optimizing the structure of the draft mechanism, the bending stiffness of the intermediate shaft was increased; the rotation angle of the intermediate shaft was reduced; and the Mises stress of gear 3 was greatly reduced. This study is of guiding significance to the design and application of draft mechanism.


Quality education,as a new education thought,partly abandons traditional education,and emphasizes integrated ability and whole quality, individual character and development, potential ability,and innovation ability. Teaching innovation is the key to quality education. Innovation of teaching conception, teaching media, teaching contents, teaching methods and teaching evaluation are discussed in pathological teaching course for carrying out quality education.


Information Technology (IT) has presented a new environment for learning and teaching worldwide since the rapid development of the Internet started in the mid 1990s. IT plays a vital role in the modern world by providing easy access, flexibility and simplicity of communication, supporting multimedia presentations and enabling communication virtually, with anyone, anywhere in the world. IT has AbSTRACT


Little credible evidence exists on the effect of nonpersonnel school expenditures on educational outcomes in developing countries. This paper studies the impact of nonpersonnel funding on school outcomes exploiting the peculiar way in which these resources are allocated in South Africa. Government funding follows quintiles constructed on the basis of school poverty scores. This creates discrete jumps in the allocation of funding, and we use a regression discontinuity approach to analyze its effects on school outcomes at the end of high school. Our results show a small but positive effect of resources on student throughput during the last years of high school and on the number of students writing the matriculation exam. However, additional resources do not translate into a higher number of successful exams, leading to an overall negative effect on pass rates. We suggest that these findings may have to do with schools reacting to the per-pupil nature of funding.


What is living well? We describe two contrasting lives and ask whether one is better lived than the other. Many philosophers, among them Susan Wolf, Richard Kraut and Stephen Darwall would say so. We criticize their position, which views certain activities as intrinsically more worthy than others. Instead, we conclude that persons are living well if they act morally and find long-term satisfaction, regardless of the pursuits they choose.


The use of renewable plant biomass is a crucial step to achieve the goal of sustainable development. However, three main technical hurdles, namely cost-effective hydrolysis of lignocellulose, microbial reducing sugar utilization, and isolation and purification of metabolites, should be overcome. China has developed novel technologies and has made a great progress in these three aspects. The perspective breakthrough in biomass technologies will make bioenergy and commodity chemicals competitive with those derived from petroleum.


By giving us greater control over information, we, as teachers and learners, can be released from many of the daily mundane tasks in order to pursue more complex tasks, by using the computer as an analytical and synthetic medium. Yet, ironically, this leads many of us to see computer technology as a threat. Many of us who have spent our lives with face-to-face education have a similar view towards the computer, as did my grandmother to the telephone. She wouldn't speak to anyone she couldn't see. In this paper we examine the relationship between computer-mediated-communication (c-m-c) and teaching/learning. We identify the strengths and weaknesses of asynchronous c-m-c, reflect on the relationships of students learning via computer mediation, and conclude with pedagogical insights as to the value of electronic, asynchronous communication.


According to the problems presenting in surveying vertical curve in coal mine and its use in projects we bring forward a new method—equation plumbous which is simple and easy to use according to curve equation theory.It can gain the perpendicular distance of chord and band course,consequently improving the precision of laneway's forming and examing its quality conveniently.


Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring BIM deletion polymorphism (BIM deletion) have poor responses to EGFR TKI. Mechanistically, the BIM deletion induces preferential splicing of the non‐functional exon 3‐containing isoform over the functional exon 4‐containing isoform, impairing TKI‐induced, BIM‐dependent apoptosis. Histone deacetylase inhibitor, vorinostat, resensitizes BIM deletion‐containing NSCLC cells to EGFR‐TKI. In the present study, we determined the safety of vorinostat‐gefitinib combination and evaluated pharmacodynamic biomarkers of vorinostat activity. Patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC with the BIM deletion, pretreated with EGFR‐TKI and chemotherapy, were recruited. Vorinostat (200, 300, 400 mg) was given daily on days 1‐7, and gefitinib 250 mg was given daily on days 1‐14. Vorinostat doses were escalated based on a conventional 3 + 3 design. Pharmacodynamic markers were measured using PBMC collected at baseline and 4 hours after vorinostat dose on day 2 in cycle 1. No dose‐limiting toxicities (DLT) were observed in 12 patients. We determined 400 mg vorinostat as the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Median progression‐free survival was 5.2 months (95% CI: 1.4‐15.7). Disease control rate at 6 weeks was 83.3% (10/12). Vorinostat preferentially induced BIM mRNA‐containing exon 4 over mRNA‐containing exon 3, acetylated histone H3 protein, and proapoptotic BIMEL protein in 11/11, 10/11, and 5/11 patients, respectively. These data indicate that RP2D was 400 mg vorinostat combined with gefitinib in BIM deletion/EGFR mutation double‐positive NSCLC. BIM mRNA exon 3/exon 4 ratio in PBMC may be a useful pharmacodynamic marker for treatment.


Abstract AM50 magnesium alloy is treated by PEO process using four different electrolytes which are combination of K3PO4 and Na3PO4 plus two different hydroxides, i.e. KOH and NaOH. Basic properties of the electrolyte such as pH, conductivity and breakdown voltage were measured. Moreover, coatings were characterised by scanning electron microscopy for the surface morphology and cross sectional study, X-ray diffraction for determination of phase composition and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for evaluation of corrosion resistance. The results indicate that KOH solutions need higher breakdown voltage and result in higher thickness of coatings. The values of the latter parameters are in the range of 150–160 V and 14–17 μm respectively. While those of NaOH solutions are in the range of 106–116 V and 5–6 μm thick. The final results show that presence of KOH in the solutions leads to a better corrosion performance of the coating compared to NaOH.


The invention relates to a method and device for detecting liquid samples by using breakdown spectroscopy. The device utilizes the ultrasonic atomization method to atomize the liquid samples to form massive and dense droplets in the air, breaks down and induces plasma and radiates an emission spectra signal. The method comprises the following steps: high-frequency oscillation is generated by the ultrasonic transducer (3) of the device of the invention to ensure that the liquid samples (4) in a sample cell (5) generate fog droplets, with the aid of a supply fan and an exhaust fan (13), columnar mist is generated above an air duct (6); plasma is generated at the edge of the columnar mist through breakdown, the plasma emission spectra signal is collected by a collection lens (7) and enters a spectrograph (9) through optical fiber (8) to split light; and finally a photoelectric sensor (11) fits with an ICCD detector (10) to collect spectral data. The method of the invention can reduce the breakdown threshold, increase the ablation efficiency and prolong the life of plasma. The detection device is applicable to the field component detection analysis field of the environment and mineral resources and the detection method has higher signal-to-background ratio and lower cost compared with the similar methods.


Cryptosporidium is a protozoan ubiquitous in natural water sources worldwide. It is a common intestinal pathogen that frequently causes gastroenteritis syndrome. It is mainly transmitted from person to person via the fecal-oral route, sexual transmission, and possibly through respiratory secretions. After an incubation period of a few days to 2 weeks, it presents as an asymptomatic oocyst passer to clinically evident profuse and prolonged diarrhea, associated with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. The extraintestinal manifestations may occur in the form of respiratory tract disease, pancreatitis, cholangitis, rarely sclerosing cholangitis, and urinary tract infection. Stool microscopy examination for identifying oocysts is the mainstay diagnostic tool. The association with cancer is new evolving paradigm with cryptosporidium infection. Nitazoxanide is the treatment of choice. However, paromomycin in combination with other antiparasitic agents, such as macrolides (azithromycin, spiramycin), and nitazoxanide may be a more effective option in case of no response.


In order to reduce bit-rate and still maintain fine distortion performance,this paper proposed predictive switched split vector quantization method.It added memory according the characteristic of the LSP.And it was a hybrid of switched split vector quantization techniques.Experimental results show that the PSSVQ provides a better trade-off between bit-rate and distortion performance than the others.In addition,the PSSVQ has a lower computational(search) complexity at the expense of an increase in memory requirements.


The design of the London Olympic Stadium for the 2012 Summer Olympic Games represented a shift in traditional stadium design for major sport events on the scale of the Olympics or World Cup. Emphasising design with a focus towards post-Olympics usage, the London Olympic Stadium through features like a demountable second seating tier, reclaimed steel elements, and structurally isolated fagade, set a strong precedent for flexible Olympics stadium construction. The goal of this thesis is to quantitatively explore options to push the boundaries of flexible stadium design, easing the renovation process required to transition stadiums from Olympics to post-Olympics usage. Through case study design examples, this thesis explores the effect bolted rather than welded connections can have on the design of stadium grandstands. Evaluated for both strength and serviceability, this thesis applies work demonstrating the pros and cons of bolted connections in traditional braced frame structures to stadium grandstands. Finally, this thesis explores the opportunity events like the Olympics provide to perform a probabilistic performance based design on an elliptical roof truss system. Given current building codes specify loads intended for use in the design of permanent structures, this thesis breaks down building code methodology in an attempt to determine loads more appropriate for use in the design of buildings with intended life spans on the order of an Olympic cycle (four years). Looking specifically at a stadium structural system typically controlled by wind and snow loads, this thesis attempts to quantify the material savings possible when designing a structure using performance rather than code based design. Thesis Supervisor: Pierre Ghisbain Title: Lecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering Thesis Co-Supervisor: Jerome J. Connor Title: Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering


Next year, the Protestant and Catholic Churches will commemorate an event that probably did not happen. The dramatic story of Martin Luther at the church door in Wittenberg came under close scrutiny in the 1960s in the work of Erwin Iserloh who, with Joseph Lortz and others, helped to reshape Catholic approaches to the Reformation. Iserloh's thesis, the title of this volume, is only partially about the iconic portrayal of the heroic biblical scholar publicly issuing a challenge to the late-medieval doctrine of purgatory and its associated practices. More significantly, Iserloh's argument about October 1517 reassesses Luther's intentions by raising questions about the doctrines and practices of the Church and offers a path toward seeing the beginnings of the Reformation as a moment within Catholic history.


Male-specific volatile components, released by the dried bean beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus, were identified as methyl (E,R)-2,4,5-tetradecatrienoate, methyl (2E,4Z,7Z)-2,4,7-decatrienoate, methyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate, octadecanal and the sesquiterpenes (3Z,6E)- and (3E,6E)-α-farnesene. In olfactometer bioassays, pure methyl (E,R)-2,4,5-tetradecatrienoate was only weakly attractive to unmated females. However, a blend of the six identified compounds released in physiologically relevant ratios and doses proved to be as active as headspace odours collected from live males.


Abstract : The present study presents an examination of the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile (MWEP) developed by Michael Miller and David Woehr (Miller & Woehr, 1997; Woehr & Miller, 1997). The MWEP is a multidimensional measure of work ethics based on previous research and literature focusing on work ethic and job performance. Originally developed based on a sample of university students, the MWEP has demonstrated good psychometric characteristics including convergent and discriminate validity. The MWEP has been suggested as a potentially valuable screening tool with Air Force enlisted personnel. The purpose of the present study was to provide a preliminary evaluation of the measure among Air Force enlisted personnel. Results indicate that the measure does in fact demonstrate similar psychometric characteristics among Air Force enlisted personnel as with the original development sample. The MWEP provides reliable and valid measures of multiple dimensions underlying the work ethic contract. These results indicate that the MWEP may be a useful screening tool for Air Force personnel.


Primary Examiner-David Smith, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-James H. Beusse 57 ABSTRACT A method for providing a smooth transition to powered operation in a motor control system in which a variable voltage inverter regulates power to the motor on a volts per Hertz basis. The method is particularly applicable to systems for energizing and rapidly gaining control of a motor driving a load in which the motor armature is turning at the time that power is supplied from the variable voltage converter. The method is implemented by sweeping the frequency of the excitation applied to an alternating current motor while holding the magni tude of the excitation at a level sufficient to prevent over current excitation of the motor.


The main objectives of relaying are to extent coverage area and increase throughput without deploying expensive base stations. Mobile multi-hop relay (MMR), which is an amendment of the current mobile WiMAX standard, provides relaying capabilities. WiMAX could be a leading solution to deliver bandwidth-hungry IPTV services to mobile users, due to characteristics such as: multicast support, wide coverage range, high bandwidth and mobility support. The smallest logical bandwidth allocation unit in OFDMA-based WiMAX, is a slot. In this article, we use the term slot to introduce a new performance criterion, called multicast gain, which can be used for computing multicast efficiency. We analyze multicast transmission for delivery of live TV channels in mobile multi-hop relay networks, and determine the gain of access and relay links in order to quantify the benefits of multicasting. This quantification can be used in access control, resource provisioning or decision support mechanisms in delivery of different TV channels in an IPTV system.


Action recognition in videos has gained substantial attention from the computer vision community due to the wide range of possible applications. Recent works have addressed this problem with deep learning methods. The main limitation of existing approaches is their difficulty to learn temporal dynamics due to the high computational load demanded for processing huge amounts of data required to train a model. To overcome this problem, we propose a Compressed Video Convolutional 3D network (CV-C3D). It exploits information from the compressed representation of a video in order to avoid the high computational cost for fully decoding the video stream. The speed up of the computation enables our network to use 3D convolutions for capturing the temporal context efficiently. Our network has the lowest computational complexity among all the compared approaches. Results of our approach in the task of action recognition on two public benchmarks, UCF-101 and HMDB-51, were comparable to the baselines, with the advantage of running at faster inference speed.


Mg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were prepared with fixed concentrations of Fe2O3 and CeO2, and differing concentrations of MgO by the Czochralski technique. Their infrared transmission spectra were measured in order to investigate their defect structures and their optical damage resistance was characterized by the photoinduced birefringence change and transmission facula distortion method. The optical damage resistance of Mg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals increases remarkably when the concentration of MgO exceeds a threshold concentration. The dependence of the optical damage resistance on the defect structure of Mg:Ce:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals is discussed in detail. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The complex Kohn method is used to calculate elastic electron-Li[sub 2] scattering cross sections. The effect of including target correlation and polarization is systematically investigated. Various levels of [ital ab] [ital initio] treatment of the target ground and excited states are shown to have a major influence on the resulting scattering cross section for energies below 1 eV. Comparisions are made with previous calculations and experiment.


The construction and development of China's forest cities revolves around the goal of building an environmentally friendly society and achieving harmonious development between human beings and nature, which is essentially the implementation of the concept of green development and helps promote the sustainable development of sustainable cities. Based on the panel data of 263 prefecture-level cities in China from 2001 to 2020, the National Forest City Policy (NFCP) is used as a quasi-natural experiment to assess the effect of NFCP on haze pollution management and their heterogeneity using a time-varying DID (difference-in-differences) model, and a mediating effect model is used to analyze the mechanism of the effect of NFCP on haze pollution. The research found that (1) the NFCP can reduce urban haze pollution, and this finding remained robust after placebo tests and the replacement of explanatory variables; (2) the NFCP is more conducive to reducing haze pollution in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, Type II large cities, cities in the eastern region, and cities east of the Hu Huanyong line; (3) the NFCP will improve urban green space coverage, raise residents' awareness of environmental protection, and promote the development of tertiary industries, thereby promoting urban haze reduction.


ABSTRACT The paper constitutes an analysis of the views of managers of service firms on positioning strategies in Ghana. The research employed a qualitative research method. Data were collected from 21 service managers and analyzed using content analysis procedures. The results indicate that for service managers, the perceived dominant positioning strategies of their organizations were: service quality, customer relationship, innovation, availability of service, community support, and leading organization, among others. The findings suggest that the dominant managerial views of Ghanaian service managers form a 'hybrid' of those of the Western manager. This research is important in clarifying this position. Additionally, as an exploratory piece, the study provides bases for further research on a topic in Ghana with a rather scant evidence of research.


This paper describes a localization method for an IR-UWB (Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband) two-way ranging system developed for precise time-of-arrival measurements. The ranging system provides a time resolution of 275 ps, which allows precise indoor distance estimation with the accuracy of 4 cm. In this work, a two-way ranging algorithm has been extended into a localization algorithm without the need to adapt the hardware. The localization algorithm has been implemented in the FPGA and applied to the IR-UWB ranging system. The main advantages of such a localization algorithm is the simple implementation the scalability and the robustness of the communication between multiple devices.


We can say that social housing was a big part of all the architectural experience of the last century, since it had the responsability of partially or totally (according to some) solve a housing problem that, more than physical, was also social and political. Architects and Urban planners work hardly in the search of solutions that would face the pre-existing problems of housing in the traditional city, as the result of an uncontrollable industrial growth, among others. Their solutions varied according to their intentions and their ideological purposes, and different proposals were made in order to solve the same problem: to dignify the urban living of the lower classes, the ones that most suffered from housing shortage and speculation. Although different and specific, we can gather most of the experiences in three categories, the first two attempting to overcome the traditional city by a) creating a disperse organism according to a scale and spatial solutions dear to previous urban settlements, or b) inventing a condensed city as part of an infinite modern system. Finally, the last group includes c) the rehabilitation of the traditional city fabric by surgical or large interventions. The idea of the paper is not to offer a critical review of the different 'cities', or even to make a choice, among them, of the perfect settlement, but just to present different solutions supported by various case-studies, pointing flaws and successes, demystifying misconceived ideas or supporting others. Here, more than answers will be offered tools of evaluation for present and future proposal of architects and urban planners.


This paper, from the visual sense of people, researched into the problems of human computer engineering applied to the design of computer software interface


Masculinity is a social construct that defines man"s social relation within the gender hierarchy in society. Over the years, gender has narrowly been screwed to depict feminism which in itself struggles towards negotiating social power for the feminine gender. However, in doing this, feminism has subtly achieved an ideological imaging of the male as brutish, savage, demonic, power obsessed and most of all domineering. This has gradually become a mainstream narrative through which masculinity is understood. Thus the average man is seen as potentially violent, power obsessed, chauvinistic and domineering. The implication is that masculinity in itself is a social havoc. This forms the core of this research. The researcher in this work disputes this negative construct of the masculine model as a social menace. The researcher argued that while the afore mentioned negative traits exist, that they are individual social disorder which in itself does not represent masculinity as a generic social construct. The researcher used the qualitative research method with particular resort to the case study approach for his data collection and analysis. The research is hinged on the "Social role theory of Sex" .


The absorption of cadmium and the capability of remediation and the character of growth of Lycopus lucidus Turcz,in soils contaminated by Cd were studied with pot culture experiment. The results indicated that cadmium inhibited Lycopus lucidus Turcz,growing obviously, and this impact got more serious with concentration of Cd growing in soil and with a longer time. The concentration of Cd in Lycopus lucidus Turcz.was rootstemleaf.


We generate a flat polarized supercontinuum spanning 450 nm-1750 nm in a highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber pumped by a 1064 nm microchip laser. There is no measurable power coupling penalty due to the elliptical core.


Conversational agents have exploded in popularity over the past three years around the world. This paper focuses on Amazon's conversational agent, Alexa. Usage of conversational agents reached India four years ago and got adopted by the country with the Hindi speaking skills. This paper presents two studies researching the working of this conversational agent in English and in Hindi and the behavioral differences between the two. In the first study, we conducted basic surveys and interviews to obtain and understand the mental model of users. The device we used was Amazon Echo Dot third generation. For the second study, we gathered thirty-two participants who belong to different regions of India and had them interact with the device. We found interesting revelations about the working of the conversational agent, Alexa. We conclude with suggestions for improvements in future designs or redesigns of the product.


The reducing agent ferrous sulfate was prepared from acidic waste liquid and it is used to handle the solid chromium slag.The results show that the Cr 6+ in the chromium slag was changed to Cr 3+ ,so,the toxicity of slag was reduced,the rate of extraction of Cr 6+ in the treated chromium slag is less than the stipulated standard of toxicity GB5085-85.


A novel robotic finger is proposed in this paper, which is composed of three biomimetic joints whose structures and several properties are close to human joints. The proposed joint mechanisms anatomically mimic ligamentous structures of the human joints, based on the concept of tensegrity structure. Also the proposed joint mechanism is lightweight, compliant, and non-contact between rigid bodies since it belongs to class 1 tensegrity system. Subsequently, a proper design of tendon routing able to take advantage of the proposed mechanism is introduced, ultimately, the proposed finger becomes an underactuated mechanism able to realize active flexion, passive extension, and passive abduction/adduction.