Clinical evidence suggest that the newly emerging Influenza D viruses (IDV) co-circulate in humans with influenza A viruses (IAV). However, how IDV contributes to human disease is currently not known. Because IAV is known to create a suppressive environment permissive to development of life threatening secondary bacterial infection (SBI), it is important to understand whether IDV affects the host immune response to IAV and to SBIs. Using a combination of in vivo and ex vivo approaches we evaluated host immune responses to both primary pulmonary IDV infection and subsequent SBI with Staphylococcus aureus in mice. Consistent with lack of disease symptoms in humans, we found that IDV infection did not induce clinical signs of disease in WT mice, evidenced by no weight loss or morbidity/mortality. Contrary to IAV that is known to increase susceptibility to SBI at least partially by inhibiting type I interferon (IFN) signaling, we found that IDV infection appeared to protect mice from the typical clinical features of SBI, as demonstrated by improved weight loss, survival (100% vs 60%), and recovery when compared to S. aureus-infection alone. Consistent with our previous report of IFN-beta reducing SBI susceptibility, we found that IDV induced production of IFN-b. We also found that IDV infection resulted in increased weight loss and morbidity in mice deficient in type I IFN receptor subunit 2 (Ifnar2−/−), but not in Ifnar1−/− mice suggesting a role for IFN-b signaling through Ifnar2 in IDV anti-viral immunity. Thus, our results demonstrate for the first time that IDV infection does not increase the susceptibility to SBI with S. aureus in mice, with evidence that anti-IDV immune responses might protect the host from these potentially deadly SBIs.


Here we present new results on guest-host nematic systems featuring an optical degree of freedom based on the trans-cis photoizomerization of a single azo-bond or two azo-bonds in guest mesogens, with or without a longitudinal dipole moment. Homeotropic nematic layers in horizontal electric fields, subjected to illumination by UV or white light, were investigated. A marked, reversible UV increase of the flexoelectrooptic effect was found in case of guest molecules with a longitudinal dipole moment.


In this paper, we report two subsets of partitioning strategies utilised by a sample of twelve Grade 3 children when they were asked to solve sequences of partitioning problems. These strategies emerged when the children sought to make the process o.fpartitioning more efficient in terms of generating equal shares, reducing the number of steps involved in partitioning and reducing the load on working memory. Implications for instruction are drawn from the findings. In the study being reported in this paper, we investigated the partitioning strategies utilised by a purposively selected sample (Patton, 1990) of twelve Grade 3 children when they were asked to solve sequences of "realistic" partitive quotient fraction problems. Our purpose for conducting this study was to add to the literature on young children.'s partitioning strategies by not only setting out to identify new partitioning strategies but also to develop a taxonomy for classifying partitioning strategies in terms of their ability to facilitate the abstraction by young children of the partitive quotient fraction construct. In the partitive quotient fraction construct, the fraction XI refers to the quantity represented by one of the resulting shares when the quantity x i~ partitioned into y equal parts. For example, if two whole cakes are partitioned into three equal shares, then each share is two thirds of a cake. The major findings from this study are reported in Charles (1998), Charles, Nason, and Cooper (submitted), Charles, Nason, Cooper and McRobbie (submitted), and Charles, Cooper, Nason and McRobbie (in preparation). In this paper, we report on two subsets of partitioning strategies utilised by children in the study: composite and truncated strategies.


Provided is a string-pressing device for a lead, comprising an upper knife arranged at the upside, a lower knife arranged at the downside corresponding to the upper knife, and a wire-blocking board, a lead-placing location, and a terminal-placing location which are arranged between the upper knife and the lower knife, wherein the wire-blocking board is arranged at the upper portion of the lead-placing location; the lead-placing location is arranged at the upper portion of the terminal-placing location; and the end of the wire-blocking board is fixedly provided with a stopper which is arranged at the lower portion of the wire-blocking board and in a position vertical to the wire-blocking board. The string-pressing device of the utility model conducts lead positioning and the detachment of terminal via the stopper, thereby substantially raising production efficiency, decreasing quality problems, and reducing labor intensity.


Design information for 115 to 138 kV bundled circuit transmission line designs is documented. Bundled circuit lines combine compact line principles with the bundled conductor technology commonly used on EHV transmission lines. By supporting the three phase conductors with a complete insulator system rather than individual phase insulators, and by adding insulating midspan spacers where necessary to maintain clearances between conductors, a circuit can be designed requiring little more space than a conventional 3-conductor bundle. Such designs offer advantages for compact application, particularly for appearance and ease in uprating existing lines. Non-ceramic fiberglass-cored insulators which are strong, resilient, lightweight, and visually unobtrusive are an important complement to this construction. This volume presents results and details of the research on which the design procedures are based. Research work described includes energized testing of bundle circuit lines with 2- and 3-ft phase spacings, development, construction and testing of insulator systems and insulating midspan spacers, measurement of conductor motions from shock loads such as ice shedding and fault currents, and an evaluation of the use of covered conductor at 138 kV. In addition, results of analytical work include development of a model for conductor motion and forces in midspan spacers; advanced design evaluations;more » electrical performance characteristics; and cost studies for new and uprated construction.« less


Objective To investigate the role of MCP-1 during a Candida albicans vaginal infection by detecting its expression in mice with experimental vaginal candidiasis. Methods To set up a murine model of vaginal candidiasis,and to detect the expression of MCP-1 in vaginal tissue by immunohistochemistry.Semi-quantitative measurement of MCP-1 expression in vaginal tissue was done with High Multiply Image Analytical System (HMIAS).Results The expression of MCP-1 in vaginal tissue of infected mice was significantly higher than those in controls and normal mice.As time going on,the expression of MCP-1 increased,and reached its climax at day 14,than declined a little on day 21.Conclusion MCP-1 may play a role in the local vaginal mucosal response to C.albicans.


Purpose: X protein (HBx), a product of hepatitis B virus, has been closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on observations that the COOH-terminal truncated HBx was frequently detected in HCC, the aim of this study is to evaluate the function of COOH-terminal truncated HBx in hepatocarcinogenesis. Experimental Design: Expression pattern of HBx was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray containing 194 pairs of HCCs and their matched nontumor liver tissues. MIHA and HepG2 cells transfected with full-length (X2) and COOH-terminal truncated HBx (X1) were tested for their ability to grow in soft agar and form tumors in vivo. Proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using


The article sums up the connotation and forms of strategic alliance and relative theoretical explanations of strategic alliance,and puts forward how to use strategic alliance in Chinese enterprises.Finally,the author reviews the research status quo and some administering factors that lead to the failure of strategic alliance.


We are developing "GIS and CG integrated system for Automatic Generation of 3D Urban Models" based on building polygons or buildings' contours on the digital map stored by GIS. In our research, we aim at developing "town planning support system" for disaster prevention using 3D building models automatically generated. To get digital maps, which were quite expensive, we had to ask municipal governments or urban planning consultants for permission to use them for academic purposes. Recently, we can easily access the providers of digital maps with attributes inputted, such as the base maps provided by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI). Based on the base maps, we present automatically generated real-world 3D urban models. For disaster prevention, we also present future 3D urban models based on alternative plans proposed by urban planners or designers. Thus, our integrated system can be the town planning support system, which can visualize alternative 3D urban models for protection against earthquakes and tsunami.


We propose an explanation of the genesis of directional dry friction, as emergent property of the oscillations produced in a bristle-like mediating element by the interaction with microscale fluctuations on the surface. Mathematically, we extend a convergence result by Mielke, for Prandtl-Tomlinson-like systems, considering also non-homothetic scalings of a wiggly potential. This allows us to apply the result to some simple mechanical models, that exemplify the interaction of a bristle with a surface having small fluctuations. We find that the resulting friction is the product of two factors: a geometric one, depending on the bristle angle and on the fluctuation profile, and a energetic one, proportional to the normal force exchanged between the bristle-like element and the surface. Finally, we apply our result to discuss the with the nap/against the nap asymmetry.


Background: Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is a stable facial structure, and several studies investigated the predictive effects of fWHR on individual traits and behaviors. There is a dearth of data regarding the relationship between fWHR and success in business in terms of income level. The aim of this study was to correlate fWHR with monthly income of traders at kantin kwari market of Kano State. Materials and method: The participants were selected using simple random sampling technique with their consent and their Bio-data (age, sex, marital status, educational achievement, assets and other properties) and monthly income status were enquired for and recorded appropriately. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. A Pearson's correlation was carried out on the entire study population as well as based on the number of children, and number of wives. Results: A significant inverse association between fWHR and income level among participants with ≤ 2 children was obtained (r= -0.29, P= 0.035). Conclusion: the number of children a participant has, is a moderator for the relationship between fWHR and monthly income and higher value for fWHR predicted lower monthly income.


The primary aim of this research is to study the impact of work-life balance on millennial employees' performance with the mediating role of job satisfaction. Millennials are individuals born between 1980 and 2000. These individuals are dominating the workplace which necessitates the importance of studying their work-life balance levels and how it can affect their satisfaction and performance to enhance the human and organizational outcomes. This study will give a clear review of the work-life balance constructs which include work personal life interference (WPLI), personal life interference with work (PLIW), and work personal life enrichment (WPLE) and how they affect millennial's satisfaction and performance. For data collection purposes, an online questionnaire was sent to respondents working in private Lebanese corporations and 196 usable responses were gathered. In this study, SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis purposes and Hayes's PROCESS was used to test the mediation effect. The research results confirmed that there is a negative relationship between WIPL and employee performance, a negative relationship between PLIW and employee performance, and a positive relationship between WPLE and employee performance and that job satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between each of the constructs and employee performance. Furthermore, this study will provide recommendations and implications that will aid organizations in retaining their talent through implementing successful work-life balance.


Industrial Engineering together with Mechanical Engineering, etc. is called the five major engineering in the international arena, and industrial engineering education has also undergone for a hundred years of history with its industrialization. Industrial Engineering in China is a young and emerging discipline that its higher education has only gone through a course of twenty years. The higher education of Industrial Engineering need to be further researched and improved. Based on the investigation of the undergraduate education of IE in some universities and the employment situation of graduates, a quantitative analysis of IE professional Curriculum system based on QFD is carried out. The study is aimed at optimizing IE professional curriculum system, and hopes provide reference for other professional curriculum systems' optimization.


Robust design optimisation is conventionally achieved by minimising the expected value and the variance of the performance function by attaching equal importance to each individual gradient of the ...


Abstract Ischemic heart disease morbidity and mortality are closely related to global and regional left ventricular function. The evaluation of left ventricular global function is a relevant part in the evolution of ischemic heart disease because it plays a significant role in prognosis prediction and patient management after revascularization. Regional function is also a critical part of the evolution, offering a possible and reliable mode for the assessment of myocardial disease. Currently several techniques for the evaluation of left ventricular parameters and function are in use. In this review we will discuss and compare currently available methods for the evaluation of global and regional left ventricular function such as 2D and 3D echocardiography, 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography, multi-slice computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.


The electrochemical behavior of an 'Achromobacter sp.CH-1-Cr(Ⅵ)-H2O' system was investigated by cyclic voltammetry.Results indicated that the peak current at-0.62 V vs.SCE in the cyclic voltammetric curve represented the reduction reaction of Cr(VI)to Cr(Ⅲ),and the reduction of Cr(Ⅲ)to Cr occurred at-0.82 V.The electrode reaction of the system was irreversible,so Cr(Ⅲ)could not be oxidized to Cr(VI)under positive scanning.The presence of the bacterium Achromobacter sp.CH-1 as catalyst promoted the reduction of Cr(VI)by shifting the potential of the reduction peak by 0.2 V.The reduction potentials of hydrogen evolution,reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)to Cr(Ⅲ),and reduction of Cr(Ⅲ)to Cr all shifted positively with the addition of Achromobacter sp.CH-1.High bacterial biomass mainly affected the reduction process and precipitation of Cr(Ⅲ).However,the Cr(Ⅵ)concentration had a minor influence on the electrochemical behavior of the 'Achromobacter sp.CH-1-Cr(Ⅵ)-H2O' system.An initial pH value of 10 was optimal for Cr(Ⅵ)reduction.


SVC flow, right and left ventricular output corrected for patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale flow respectively and cerebral,


The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the importance of service attributes and customer satisfaction at international conferences. Unlike most previous research, this study considers customers' perspectives in exploring whether service attribute importance affects customer satisfaction. A questionnaire was distributed to 350 participants at international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Data collected from 267 valid samples were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and importance performance analysis. The findings from this study provide valuable information for personnel training and strategic marketing in order to increase customer satisfaction in the conference industry.


For a short period of time, between the end of the 19th century and the middle of the 20th, newspapers and journalists were under the spotlight as never before. However, the comprehensive reviews of the theories of the press do not acknowledge the thought of this period and its development into "the social theories of the press" (H. Hardt, 1979). This article is positioned in this gap of press studies, and it uses as a starting point the foucaultian description of the diff erent thresholds that establish the levels of discourse elaboration (Foucault, 1995). It aims at exploring the theoretical production that approximates German and American scholars such as Albert Schaffle (1831-1903); Karl Knies (1821-1898); Karl Bucher (1847-1930); Ferdinand Tonnies (1835-1936); Albion Small (1854-1926); Edward Ross (1856-1951); Max Weber (1864-1920); Robert Park (1864-1944) and Walter Lippmann (1889-1974), rescuing this production from the pre-history of the press to materialize evidence that this production coincides, in its external origin, with the modern newspaper practices, although there seemed to be no dependence between them at the time.


An active factor for the production of phenolsulphatase by some strains of Aerobacter aerogenes was separated as pure crystals from a commercial peptone preparation by ion exchange chromatographic techniques. Properties of this substance were studied, and it was found to be identical with tyramine. Even when pure tyramine in a concentration of 1 × 10−5M was added to the culture medium, its effect on the level of enzymatic activity could be observed. In addition to tyramine, hordenine was also found effective but this, only in the case of A. aerogenes strain 9621. This specific activity of tyramine appears to be an induction of enzyme production.


The objective of this study is to discover the determinants of the capital structure of 304 companies in the manufacturing sector of Guayaquil, during the period 2012-2016 and which theory best condenses the financing decisions of companies. The importance of it lies in verifying the determinants of indebtedness in companies in a developing country and comparing the results with the predictions of the Trade-off and the Pecking Order theories. As a methodology, a panel data structure has been used together with a fixed effects model. After reviewing the literature, an Ordinary Least Squares regression model was used to discover the correlation and statistical significance between the dependent variable (debt ratio) and a set of selected independent variables. In this study, the Pecking Order theory had a greater explanatory power than the Trade-off theory. However, no statistical evidence was found to support the importance of growth expectations on the corporate capital structure.


A range of N,N-diarylthiazol-5-amines having a 4-pyridyl group on a thiazole ring were developed, and their photophysical properties were elucidated. Their synthesis was achieved by applying our me...


The study analyzes the effect of economic variables on the financial performance of listed firms manufacturing consumer goods in Nigeria. The researchers adopted the Ex-post facto research design and Ordinary Least Square multiple regression analysis for estimation of the equations. The population comprises 20 listed consumer goods manufacturing companies, and total sample of 13 firms, the data covered 17 years' financial reports. The sample was determined using the elimination method and purposive sampling techniques. We found strong correlation between CPI, interest, exchange rates and net asset per share. CPI has significant effect on NAPS and there is short run relationship based on the coefficients ARDL, exchange and interest rates showed no significant effect on NAPS. The economic implication of the result based on the CPI is that consumers are paying more due to the rise in the level of inflation, firms adjust their profit margin to cushion the effect, and 1% rise in interest and exchange rates result to decline in NAPS. The researchers recommended that government should provide enabling environment for business to thrive by providing moderate interest rate to manufacturing firms, and encourage the demand for made-in-Nigeria to strengthen the value of the Naira to compete well with foreign currencies in the international market.


The invention relates to the technical field of the computer network, and particularly provides an application program display method and device. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a corresponding relationship between an application program and a preset extended desktop in advance, wherein an operating system is provided with at least one extended desktop and a main desktop, and the extended desktop and the main desktop can be displayed on a terminal screen in a switchable way; detecting the operation state of the application program; and when the application program operates, loading the current interface of the application program to the extended desktop. The corresponding relationship between the appointed application program and the preset extended desktop is established, the quick display of the current interface of the appointed application program can be realized, and user operation is reduces so as to improve the use experience of a user.


This is a highly informative, valuable data handbook providing brief, accessible, well-structured and easily comparable case summaries. It also offers a tantalizing, if at times frustratingly brief, insight into the 'new political agenda' of social democracy in the European Union. The comprehensive EU-wide focus, bringing to attention some under-researched members of the party family, is particularly welcome. Although, regrettably, Luxembourg and Finland receive somewhat cursory attention, the chapters on the Danish and Portuguese parties, for example, Žll signiŽcant gaps in the literature. The common chapter structure (imposed, it appears, with 'democratic centralist' zeal by the editors) focuses each contributor's attention on a set of common variables, principally, historical development, party structure, electoral fortunes and programmatic and governmental record. The centrality of these variables to each case will inevitably vary—compare, for example, the SPD's 86 pages of statutes (p. 84) with Luxembourg's organization comprising three secretaries! (p. 151). Yet, in assisting cross-national comparison, this structure expands the book's appeal beyond the conŽnes of students of comparative social democracy. Thus the emphasis on electoral sociology begs questions about the enduring validity (or otherwise) of Lipset and Rokkan's cleavage-based explanation of party systems. Similarly, the book offers both valuable insights into and a test-bed for general theories of party transformation from Michels to Panebianco. For example, Bille's charting the organization changes undergone by the Danish social democrats (p. 47) seems to support Mair's theory of leadership empowerment. Conversely, some cases chart less (or indeed no) recent organizational transformation (e.g. Greece). It is unclear whether this is due to the absence of change, or space restriction, since, whilst each chapter represents an impressive feat on concision, gaps are inevitable. Analytically, however, this book cries out for a longer thematic concluding chapter exploring some of the fascinating questions raised. For example, Kirchheimer's predicted ideological transformations are charted in every case. The wide range of timings of the formal 'Bad Godesbergs', as early as 1935 in Holland, as late as 1991 in France, and only 3 years after post-Franco reformation in Spain, raise questions about the reasons for and implications of these different ideological trajectories, which can only be hinted at in the space available. The synopses of programmatic development seem to point in similar directions to the Dutch case, where Van Kersbergen explores these issues in some depth. This encourages speculation as to whether new ideal-typical features are emerging, analogous to those set out instructively by Marlière with


The poetic origin of Mao Heng's Annotations to the Book of Songs has been a controversial topic.The explanation is the focus of Mao Shi's righteousness-which tells us that Mao Heng's annotation derived from the Mencius' Poetics.It not only confirmed this view,but also provides corresponding basic origin for the Han poetics.


IN THIS DISCUSSION, the application of interest is the construction of polynomial approximations for transcendental functions. Presumably, every reader of SIAM Review is familiar with the use of orthogonal polynomials as an aid in obtaining such approximations. But there exist several different sets of polynomials which are orthogonal in the same given interval. Sometimes one of those sets will be far more suitable for a given purpose than any other set. A set of orthogonal polynomials, Pn(x), is a collection of polynomials that obey the following relations:


Suaeda salsa is a typical halophyte with significant resistance to many abiotic stresses such as salt, drought and so on. Among these physiological characteristics, salt-resistance is the most impressive one and has attracted much attentions because of its unique mechanism of salt-tolerance and potential significance in anti-salt genetic engineering which is regarded as the best approach for developing agriculture on salt soil through genetic modified salt-resistance plants. Besides its ecological and agricultural values, Suaeda salsa is also perspective for health-protection since it contains some therapeutic substances. In addition, Suaeda salsa has been applied to many different fields as valuable materials. Until recently, the study of salt-resistance mechanism of Suaeda salsa has been deepened to the molecular lever thus with the development of salt-tolerant genetic engineering. Further more, the research of its therapeutic utilization has been undertaking which have provided us some direct evidence for its medical application. In this review, we mainly discussed the recent advances in salt-resistance mechanism of Suaeda salsa and its corresponding genetic engineering besides its therapeutic study.


Sir Richard Doll died earlier this year at age 92. The most celebrated epidemiologist of the 20th century, Doll is best known for his work on smoking and lung cancer, but there was so much more to his career.

His father was a general practitioner in London, and it was from St. Thomas's that Doll


Background: Mild microcytic hypochromic anemias due to Iron deficiency (IDA) and beta thalassemia trait(𝛽-TT) continue to be a cause of significant burden to the society, particularly in the poorer developing countries.  The objective of the present study was to evaluate the validity of 12 different discrimination indices to distinguish 𝛽-TT from IDA. Methods: A total of 225 patients diagnosed with mild microcytic hypochromic anemia on complete blood count and peripheral blood film were included in the study. HB, RBC count, MCV, MCH and RDW obtained from the electronic cell counter were used to calculate 12 discrimination indices by various mathematical formulae. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV), negative predictive value(NPV) and Youden's index(YI) were calculated. Result: The Shine & Lal and Ricerca et al indices exhibited the highest sensitivity of 100% each while the England & Fraser index demonstrated the lowest sensitivity of 61.1%. The England & Fraser and Mentzer indices demonstrated the highest specificities of 90.2% and 86.9% respectively. The highest and the lowest PPV were found for Mentzer index (77.3%) and MCHD (32.71%) respectively. The Ricerca et al. and Shine & Lal indices demonstrated the highest NPV of 100% each and the lowest NPV was exhibited by MCHD (69.8%). The highest and the lowest values for Youden's index were shown by Mentzer index (81.3%) and MCHD (2.36%) respectively. Conclusion: Though HBA2 estimation is the gold standard for diagnosing 𝛽-TT, in developing countries, Mentzer index followed by Ehsani et al. index can be used to screen mild microcytic hypochromic anemia cases to eliminate as many false positive cases as possible to reduce the financial cost.


Introduction Disseminated histoplasmosis is a treatable common opportunistic infection in HIV infected people and not uncommon in others in a tropical country like India . The objective of our study was to evaluate clinical-pathological correlation and treatment outcome of disseminated histoplasmosis treated with conventional Amphotericin B in an endemic area. Material and methods This was a retrospective observational study of twenty-two cases of disseminated histoplasmosis admitted to a tertiary care hospital from January 2009 to December 2012 and treated with Amphotericin B followed by oral Itraconazole therapy for one year. Results of treatment outcome including relapse and mortality were analyzed in January 2014. Results Histoplasmosis was diagnosed in patients with advanced HIV (72%) illness with a mean CD4 count of 63.43/l. Tuberculosis and diabetes were other co-morbid illnesses and it was less common among immunocompetent patients (9%). Fifty percent of the patients presented with cutaneous lesions along with systemic manifestations while 27% had only mucocutaneous lesions. Adrenal histoplasmosis (18%) was common in HIV negative subjects. HIV positive patients showed excellent response to Amphotericin B followed by Itraconazole therapy. In 27% HIV positive patients, the disease manifested as IRIS (immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome). Relapse was seen in 2(9%) patients. After one year of completion of therapy 16 patients were cured, 3 patients (13.6%) died in the early part of treatment and one was lost to follow up. Treatment response in HIV infected patients showed excellent results but long term maintenance itraconazole therapy was inevitable (12-32 months). Conclusions It is concluded that early diagnosis and treatment can prevent a fatal disease like disseminated histoplasmosis with conventional Amphotericin B followed by Itraconazole. Adrenal histoplasmosis was common among the HIV negative population. Extensive follow up is required to identify early relapse which may need further prolongation of therapy for cure.


In this paper we describe XPSuite, a tool comprising two parts: XPSwiki, a tool for managing XP projects and XP4IDE, a plug-in for integrating XPSwiki with the IDE IntelliJ-Idea. The reasons for this integration and the ability of XPSuite to collect process metrics are described. The system has a full object oriented implementation so it is possible to extract all data represented in the model that the system implements.


Summary Good weed control is critical in winter lentil production. This study was conducted on the lentil cultivar Sazak 91 during the winter seasons of 1997–98 and 1998–99 to determine the most appropriate method for controlling weeds. Hand weeding (weed-free control), weedy control (inoculated), weedy control (uninoculated), hand hoeing once, hand hoeing twice, trifluralin, imazethapyr, linuron, prometryn, phenmedipham + desmedipham, trifluralin + hand hoeing and linuron + hand hoeing treatments were evaluated and the effects of herbicides on nodulation in lentil were investigated. In the first year Convolvulus arvensis, Centaurea balsamita, Ranunculus arvensis, Cephalaria syriaca and Lathyrus spp., dominated whereas in the second year Hordeum vulgare, Adonis aestivalis and Centaurea depressa were the dominant weed species in the plots. Prometryn, hand hoeing, linuron and a combination of linuron + hand hoeing were found to be the most effective for control of weeds, resulting in the highest yield in winter lentil throughout the investigation. Trifluralin and imazethapyr had a phytotoxic effect on the lentil plants. None of the weed control treatments had any adverse effects on nodulation and Rhizobium leguminosarum inoculation was not found to have any effect on the competitive ability of the lentil plants.


Abstract : The audit objectives were to determine whether the Defense Finance and Accounting Service Columbus Center properly planned and programmed the FY 1996 proposed military construction project and whether the decision for military construction was supported with required documentation, including an economic analysis. An additional audit objective was to evaluate management controls over the planning and programming of the FY 1996 proposed military construction project.


Abstract : Data from skin-test programs among residents of the Republic of Panama and among school-children within Panama City confirm previous observations that differences in the prevalence of skin-test sensitivity do exist within a known endemic re gion. The clinical studies revealed at least 39 new cases of histoplasmosis and for the first time an adequate documentation of certain of the varied presentations associated with histo plasmosis in children. Studies on bats as a potential reservoir and potential agent for the dissemination of infection in nature continued with at least five genera now shown to be in fected in nature. (Author)


a technique for cannulating the vas deferens in the bull, which was modified by Amann, Hokanson & Almquist (1963) and used in further studies on the output of spermatozoa in the ram by Biela\l=n'\ski& Ewy (1966), Tischner (1966, 1967) and Ze\l=l/\tobriuch,\l=L/\oginowa& Manui\l=l/\ow(1966). This communication describes a technique for cannulation of the vas deferens in the boar. Three Landrace boars were used. Their ages ranged from 28 to 33 months and their body weights from 315 to 389 kg. Each animal was cannulated unilaterally and spermatozoa were collected separately from each testis. After fasting for 24 hr, the boars were pretreated with tranquillizers (4 ml Trankwilina, Biowet per 100 kg body weight) and atropine (about 0\m=.\1g per animal). After 40 min, when the tranquillizers had taken effect, the animals were hobbled, laid down and anaesthetized with Eunarcon (Ridel\p=m-\ de H\l=a"\nnAG. Hannover) by the method of Badura, Modrakowski & Osi\l=n'\ski (1964) using Mitchell's self-closing needle. The basic dosage of Eunarcon did not exceed 20 ml and the supporting dosage was about 15 ml, enough for an operation lasting 40 min. Anaesthesia ceased 20 min after the last dose of Eunarcon had been administered. The perineum was considered the best site for a surgical approach to the vas deferens in the boar in order to insert the cannula and fix the collecting device. The cannula of diameter 1 -9 mm and bore 1 · 1 mm was made from vinyl polychloride Vestolit. SBT-63 (Central Research Laboratory of Orthopedic Products, Warsaw). A 10-cm incision was made lateral to the linea alba. The centre of the incision was approximately half way between the caput epididymidis and the caudal teat. After the vas deferens had been isolated, a 5-mm longitudinal incision was made into it and about 12 cm of the cannula inserted into the lumen so that the end was about 3 cm from the cauda epididymidis. Two interrupted sutures (silkworm gut 000) were used to secure the cannula to the wall of the vas deferens. Silkworm gut was also used for securing the


Based on a brief analysis of food safety problems related to traditional culture,social ideology,supervisory management,etc.the writer suggests a few tentative ideas including improving the unhealthful elements in the Chinese tradition,investing more in software and hardware to construct a pyramid network of supervisory management at governmental or non-governmental levels.They are helpful to providing an environment for food safety.


The use of late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI) in arrhythmia ablation is increasing due to the capacity to detect, quantify and characterize cardiac fibrosis both in atrium and ventricle. Catheter ablation has become a standard treatment for arrhythmias, and LGE-MRI has demonstrated to be a useful tool to plan and guide ablation. Furthermore, recent studies have proved the usefulness in substrate analysis and postablation evaluation. This review will analyze the application and the current role of LGE-MRI to improve strategies for the two main cardiac arrhythmias: Atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia.


A fully integrated injection-locked CMOS power amplifier (IL-PA) that operates in the 18-20 GHz frequency band with a single-ended input and differential output is demonstrated. The presented power amplifier is based on an injection-locked LC-oscillator core utilizing novel circuit configuration as well as new layout considerations which allow for an optimum power amplifier design with minimum layout parasitics as well as maximum power added efficiency. The novel architecture is demonstrated in a standard 65nm CMOS technology achieving 14 dBm of output power and 45% peak power added efficiency. The circuit occupies a chip area of 900 μm × 800 μm.


In this study, experiments are described in which part cr all of the occipital somites were removed from chick embryos of 8 to 25 somites. The embryos were reincubated and sacrificed 6 to 9 days after the operation. Adequate extirpations of somites 2 through 6 resulted in absence or depletion of one or more of the hypoglossal muscles, thus demonstrating their somtic origin from these levels. Somite 1 disappears early and does not make a contribution to the hypoglossal muscles. The optimal stages for operation are between 8 to 15 somites.


Two different mechanisms for field-aligned current propagation, i.e., the Alfven wave and the ballistic motion of energetic electrons associated with a localized source, are examined with linear kinetic theory. The characteristics of these two mechanisms and the relationship between them are investigated as an initial value problem. It is shown that in addition to the shear Alfven waves, the ballistic motion of electrons can also carry currents with the perpendicular scale comparable to the electron inertia length. The propagation speeds of these currents are independent of the Alfven speed.


A study is being conducted to examine household composition and family structure in the context of high AIDS-related mortality in Hoima, Iganga, Kabale, Masaka, Mbale, and Mbarara districts. The first phase of the study involved the review of ethnographic materials on the populations in the six districts, collecting information from elders and youths through focus group discussions, and the administration of an individual elders' questionnaire. The second phase was a large-scale household survey in the districts to document recent changes in household composition and family structure, while phase three will be carried out three years after the second phase. That final phase will involve re-surveying areas covered in phase two to determine any subsequent changes which have occurred in the communities. This paper presents the focus group discussion results from phase one. The participating 231 men and 218 women were aged 19-92 years and 14-92 years, respectively. It appears on the basis of the focus group discussions that marriage customs and practices have changed over time due to factors related to socioeconomic development, modernization, and Western culture. Recent changes in marriage have been closely connected with the AIDS epidemic in the country. The fear of potential partners being HIV-seropositive makes boys and girls reluctant to marry, while mutual monogamy among spouses, especially the young, seems to be gaining popularity. Many customs, however, still persist, such as parental participation in the introduction and negotiation for children's marriages, bride price, dowry, circumcision of boys before marriage, fining boys who elope with girls, and rewarding virginity at marriage.


Adolescent romantic relationships are marked by feelings, thoughts, or behaviors within a relationship and have been found to be associated with intimacy, passion, commitment, sexual attitudes, trust, dependence and communication. The present research is based on studying the relationship between love and relationship satisfaction of adolescents. For this purpose, Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale and Relationship Assessment Scale were administered on a sample of 100 adolescents (age=18-22 years). Correlation was applied which showed that a significant positive correlation exists between the types of love and relationship satisfaction. The t-test revealed that no gender differences were found in their types of love and in their relationship satisfaction. The thematic analysis done using a semi-structured interview revealed that gender differences exist between intimacy and passion of adolescents.


1. To answer the questions parents may have, 'Why is my child deaf' and 'Is the hearing loss likely to get worse?' 2. Investigation of hearing loss may uncover conditions requiring medical management, e.g. space occupying lesions, etc. 3. Identification of conditions where timely treatment will prevent progression of the hearing loss, e.g. congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV), congenital cholesteatoma. Early diagnosis of congenital CMV infection means that the child will be eligible for treatment (currently recommended for infants less than 4 weeks of age) to prevent further loss of hearing. 4. To detect inner ear dysplasia in order to give appropriate advice, for example: On the risk of recurrent meningitis. On risk associated with head injury in enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA).


The author describes the efforts of Time Domain Systems Incorporated (TDS), a small company specializing in the development of RF monocycle waveform applications. the areas of application are primarily short-range communications and radar. Monocyclic RF is a subset of ultrawideband (UWB) electromagnetics. UWB signals are defined as having greater than 25% relative bandwidth as defined by BW/f/sub c/. Single RF cycles easily qualify with bandwidths of approximately 100% TDS's focus is on RF monocycles with periods from a few nanoseconds down to tens of picoseconds, corresponding to centre frequencies of 200 MHz to 20 GHz.<<ETX>>


A micelle forming polystyrene (PS)-polybutadiene (PB) block copolymer was mixed with a short (relative to the PB block of the copolymer) PB homopolymer to investigate the structural properties of the micelles by small-angle neutron scattering. Samples with varying block copolymer concentration were measured at 90 °C in both core and shell contrast. The obtained intensities were analyzed using a core/shell model with a constant core density and a variable density profile for the corona. A reasonable analysis of the data was only possible by assuming that in the measured concentration range the unimer concentration is not constant but increases with increasing polymer concentration, while the aggregation number of the micelles stays constant. The data analysis further revealed that the corona of micelles shows almost constant density which stays in contrast to micelles of block copolymers with comparable block length ratio in low molecular solvents. These could be interpreted in terms of the starlike model of Halperin, where the outer shell has a fast decaying density profile.


Purpose of the study: Locked plating is an attractive alternative to external fixation for the fixation of distal shaft fractures of the radius, particularly in cases with metaphyseal comminution. The purpose of this study was to assess prospectively outcome with locked anterior plate fixation in a series of 43 complex fractures of the distal radius treated between October 2003 and November 2004. Material and methods: The AO LCP 3.5 plate (Synthes) was used. The series included 27 women and 15 men, mean age 55.5 years (range 17–83 years). We included fractures with major metaphyseal comminution according to the M.E.C classification established by Laulan (18 M2, 14 M3, and 9 M4). According to the AO classification, there were nine extra-articular fractures (eight A3 and one A2) and 35 articular fractures (ten B3, two C1, four C2, and seventeen C3). Posterior displacement was noted for 22 fractures. In eight cases plate fixation was a second intention procedure due to secondary displacement occurring on average eight days (range 3–21 days) after trauma for a fracture initially treated with infrafocal pinning. An epiphyseal locking screw was used in all cases. An antebrachiopalmar immobilization orthesis was worn for six weeks on average (range 3–9 weeks). The first-intention anterior plating was combined with an intrafocal posterior pin for 13 patients and with an external fixator in one. Radiographic outcome was reported in terms of joint congruency and using the SOFCOT symposium criteria for the 41 patients reviewed at bone healing. Results: Anatomic restitution was achieved in 23 patients (55%). There were two purely intra-articular calluses due to failure of the primary reduction, both measured less than 2 mm. Fifteen moderate misalignements (36%) were noted, most (84.7%) involving moderate sagittal inclination, the distal radioulnar index being preserved. Two major misalignments (5%) were related to early disassembly of the osteosynthesis. Conclusion: Locked anterior plating has provided promising results for maintaining radial length in distal radial fractures with major metaphyseal comminution. There remains a certain number of cases with a moderate and persistent posterior inclination and a few cases of defective intra-articular reduction.


Electron behaviors in a pulsed dual radio frequency (RF) capacitively coupled plasma of a mixture of C4F8, O2, and Ar gases, where the DC bias of −300 V in the RF-on period was imposed and synchronously increased to −1000 V in the RF-off period, were investigated. The synchronous DC bias prolongs the electron density (ne) decay and provides emission of Ar at a wavelength of 750.38 nm in early afterglow at 3 µs during the RF-off period of 10 kHz pulse modulation. The rapid ne decay occurred with the electron attachments to the electronegative fluorocarbons, and thus the plasma consisting of positive and negative ions was generated. The DC bias voltage seems to be applied between the electrodes and the positive ions accelerated to the top electrode, and enhanced the secondary electron generation at the top electrode surface in the RF-off period with the ion bombardments, concomitantly with the synchronous emissions.


The main goals of this study were to develop bainitic and multiphasic structures through several routes of heat treatment, in order to reach the better combination of mechanical properties, providing scientific/technological subsidies to Brazilian industries. In some of aerospatial vehicles components have been used quenched and tempered ultra-high-strength low-alloy steel where the martensitic structure is responsible for the high-strength and low toughness levels. Toughness improvements can be achieved by strength reduction control during tempering. The new concept for advanced steels, that combine high-strength and good toughness, is correlated with the bainitic and multiphasic microstructures. In this work the effect of microstructures on the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 steel. Has been analysed several microstructures, from those totally bainitic until multiphasics microstructures with various ferrite, bainite, martensite and retained austenite content. The results were compared with those obtained by quenching through continuous cooling transformation and several routes of isothermal transformation. The combinations of mechanical properties are related with volume fraction of present phases and the bainite improved significantly the toughness steel., keeping the high strength and improving the strength/toughness combination. This steel has low coefficient of hardness and is possible to achieve strengths between 1000 MPa e 1400 MPa with percentual elongation between 13% e 25%, this combination is better than that found to the same steel when quenched and tempered in oil.


By presenting an overall stability analysis calculation of a high - pile wharf slopebuilt on the soft foundation, this paper illustrates the potential of substantially improving the shearingstress of the soft soil by adopting draining sand for soft foundation consolidation, thus enhancing over-all slope stability. Meanwhile, matters needing attentions during design and construction are also ex-plained.


THE need of skilled obstetricians and gynecologists has never in the history of the world been so great as that of the present time. With the increased development of the brain, which comparative ethnology shows to have taken place in the civilised nations, and the consequent increase in size of fetal heads, there has been, unfortunately, no corresponding development of the pelvis to accommodate them. On the contrary, the habits of women in civilised communities are such as to add to the difficulties of parturition caused by large heads, those of small and more or less contracted pelves. To these obstacles to labor is still further added that of the more or less increase in rigidity of the muscles as well as of the articulations of the pelvic bones due to latp child bearing. The young savage maiden begins to breed as soon as she has reached puberty, while among civilised nations breeding begins often at a much later period. Thus Nature tends to hold to a certain type and measure, for the larger the fetal head and the more imperfect the maternal mechanism of reproduction, the greater will be the fetal as well as the maternal mortality in parturition, and also the more frequent will be maternal injuries; and secondarily the establishment of pathological conditions which will prevent future conceptions. The future promises no cessation of these difficulties but rather their increase. Aside from the motive of humanity which calls for relief from the dangers and suffering incident to parturition, is that of the necessity of the race to preserve the type of the Genus Homo with the big brain. This task is the one assumed by obstetricians and gynecologists, and as civilisation advances their work extends and becomes of greater and greater importance. Among the disabling and painful conditions which may be traced chiefly to the injuries of parturition, prolapse of the uterus is one of the most striking, complicated and difficult tocure; and as in other branches of medicine, prevention offers by far the broader and more useful field of endeavor. It is as a rule so very much easier to arrest a prolapse in its early stages and to prevent its occurrence than to cure it when once established, that it is chiefly the hope of doing some good by calling attention


This paper introduces an approach for automatic parallelization of unequally-spaced convolutions on chip multiprocessors (CMPs). CMPs are very promising candidates for digital processing in signal and image systems with high throughput and low power consumption, compared to uniprocessor based architectures. As CMPs are emerging and evolving in increasing diversity and complexity, automated parallelization of digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms on CMPs becomes essential in embracing, employing and utilizing these architectures in high-performance signal and image systems.


This paper presents a notation for describing functional fault models, which may occur in memory devices. Using this notation, the space of all possible memory faults has been constructed. It has been shown that this space is infinite, and contains the currently established fault models. New fault models in this space have been identified and verified using resistive and capacitive defect injection and simulation of a DRAM model.


I offer a Darwinian perspective on the existence of aesthetic interests, tastes, preferences, and productions. It is distinguished from the approaches of Denis Dutton and Geoffrey Miller, drawing instead on Richard O. Prum's notion of biotic artworlds. The relevance of neuroaesthetics to the philosophy of art is defended.


Apocalyptic Book of Isaiah: A New Translation with Interpretive Key , The by Avraham Gileadi (r), 4: 144 Archeology, and the Book of Mormon, 2:102; 3:49 Artwork: Linda Murray Anderson, "Amazons," 4:108; Allen Bishop, "Blessed Are The Peacemakers," 4 : 1 7 ; "Every Man That Will Not Take His Sword . . . ," 4:10; "In Memory of Our God," 4:26; Royden Card, "The Last Hello," 4:82; Sarah Ann Burbage Long, "Brigham Young and His Friends," 2: cover; Edward D. Maryon, pen and ink drawings, 1:76, 87, 117, 130, 134, "Cottonwood Stream," 1: cover; Marilyn Miller, "Leaf, Shell, Globe," 4:116, "October," 3: cover; Gary E. Smith, "Fire Dance," 4: cover; Trevor Southey, "Softening," 4:40 Aseity, 2:89 At the River's Bend: An Illustrated History of Kansas City, Independence, and Jackson County by Sherry Lamb Schirmer and Richard D. McKinzie (r), 4: 146 "Aunt Betsy" (f), Jerrie W. Hurd, 3: 150 Augustine, St., 2:68 Authority, of government, 4 : 63 ; within Church, 2:15, 3:135 Avery, Valeen Tippetts, "Emma Smith Through Her Writings," 3:101


Substitution reactions of TCNQ (7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) with suitable quinolinium and picolinium electron donor moieties yielded an extensive analogous series of α-bridged quinolinium and picolinium adducts R(2)Q3CNQ and R(2)P3CNQ respectively of which the long chain (Z)-{β-[N-(1-hexadecyl)quinolinium-2-yl]-α-cyano-4-styryl}-dicyanomethanide (C16H33(2)Q3CNQ) is a typical example. These zwitterionic D–π–A materials (where D and A are electron donor and acceptor respectively) exhibit properties such as solvatochromism, molecular rectification and second harmonic generation and were compared and contrasted to the existing γ-bridged adducts. The behaviour of the materials on the water subphase and their resultant Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film fabrication were studied. The abrupt change in molecular orientation in LB films of the γ-bridged adducts occurring at R = C15H31 and above was not seen in the more flatly orientated α-bridged adducts. Further characterisation of the LB films was performed using reflectance–absorption infra-red spectroscopy (RAIRS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The crystal structure of the long chain adduct, C10H21(2)Q3CNQ, is also reported.


Alternative fuel is currently an important issue all over the world due to the efforts on reducing global warming which is contributed by the combustion of petroleum or petrol diesel[1]. Biodiesel is non-toxic, biodegradable, produced from renewable sources and contributes a minimal amount of net greenhouse gases, such as CO2, SO2 and NO emissions to the atmosphere[2]. Keywords—Alternative fuel; Biodiesel; biodegradable; greenhouse gases.


Objectives: Benign recurrent parotitis of childhood (BRPC) is a clinically relevant disease in childhood. Its diagnosis, however, is usually not made due to the lack of knowledge regarding such a condition. The aim of this study is to describe the most relevant aspects of this condition and propose a simple therapeutic approach.
Materials and Methods: We did a descriptive analysis of pediatric patients diagnosed with viral parotitis and BRPC between 2008 and 2018, at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogota, Colombia.
 Results: 41 patients with BRPC where included; 51.2% were female, with a mean age of 7.1 years. Thirtytwo patients (78%) with diagnosis of BRPC underwent diagnostic imaging, despite the low rate of complications (19,5%). The diagnosis was made by otolaryngologists or pediatricians in 80% of the cases.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the study with the largest number of BRPC cases in Latin America. It is essential to know about this disease and take into account its benign course and few complication rates, inorder to avoid both wasting of resources in the use of unnecessary imaging and the overdiagnosis of mumps.


Corrigendum to: Shanky Garg, Pranav Prasoon*, and Vishwajit Ravindra Deshmukh. December 2017. Possible modulation of PPAR-γ cascade against depression caused by neuropathic pain in rats. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology. Volume 28, Issue 6, pages 593–600. (https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0108). The author list was expanded as the name of the last author was omitted by mistake. The correct author list reads: Shanky Garg, Pranav Prasoon*, Vishwajit Ravindra Deshmukh and Rohit Goyal.


The hydration entropy of ions is calculated from their entropy in the ideal gaseous state and the standard entropy of their aqueous solutions. The application of the tetraphenylarsonium tetraphenyl borate (TATB) and the cognate tetraphenyl phosphonium tetraphenyl borate (TPTB) assumptions in obtaining the latter is explored, using newly determined heat capacity data for crystalline tetraphenyl phosphonium and arsonium perchlorates, their redetermined solubility data, both over a temperature interval, and data from the literature. The results are compared with those based on the widely accepted estimate of the standard entropy of the aqueous hydrogen i on based on thermocell data.


The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is under construction to measure the expansion history of the Universe using the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation technique. The spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars over 14000 sq deg will be measured during the life of the experiment. A new prime focus corrector for the KPNO Mayall telescope will deliver light to 5000 fiber optic positioners. The fibers in turn feed ten broad- band spectrographs. We will present an overview of the mechanical structure that sits atop the Mayall Serrurier trusses and supports the six lenses, the Atmospheric Dispersion Compensator (ADC) rotator and the Focal Plane Assembly. This mechanical structure has already been built, we will describe the main technical requirements and challenges during the construction.


In this paper we have introduced some new integrals involving multivariate polynomials suggested by Jacobi and Laguerre polynomials of real, symmetric and positive definite matrix (or complex symmetric matrix). All the results of this paper are new and have a wide range of application in the field of Mathematics Science.


This paper reports a highly catalytic, rhodium-based system for the low temperature hydroxylation and hydroxycarbonylation of C-H and C-C bonds of alkanes. The lower alkanes, such as methane and ethane, are the least reactive and most abundant of the hydrocarbon family with known reserves equal to that of petroleum. Thus, the selective oxidative functionalization. of these alkanes to more useful chemical products is of great practical interest. Using our catalytic system it is possible to selectively hydroxylate and/or hydroxycarbonylate alkanes in the presence of water, carbon monoxide, and dioxygen. Whether hydroxylation or hydroxycarbonylation predominates depends on the nature of the solvent. Most significantly under certain reaction conditions, C-C bond activation competes with C-H bond activation. The scope and the mechanism of these reactions will be discussed.


We achieve significant improvements in several syntax-based machine translation experiments using a string-to-tree variant of multi bottom-up tree transducers. Our new parameterized rule extraction algorithm extracts string-to-tree rules that can be discontiguous and non-minimal in contrast to existing algorithms for the tree-to-tree setting. The obtained models significantly outperform the string-to-tree component of the Moses framework in a large-scale empirical evaluation on several known translation tasks. Our linguistic analysis reveals the remarkable benefits of discontiguous and non-minimal rules.


The notion of "false affair," introduced at the end of Studies on Hysteria to characterize transference love, is mentioned a number of times in a long note concerning the case of Ms. Emmy. Having acknowledged that this expression is borrowed from post-hypnotic clinical analysis—inventing a fictive cause after the event to account for an act performed under hypnosis—Freud puts forward the hypothesis of an irrepressible need for causality whenever the patient experiences anxiety or some form of split (Spaltung). This causal link leads to seeing the treatment or the physician as the cause of the ailment. The accusation, which can also be detected in the search of the Urheber (author) of neurosis, will later take the form of transference love.


The metabolism of inorganic sulfate into or- ganic matter by microbial populations can be an important process in the sulfur cycle of forest ecosystems. Poten- tial annual incorporation in forest floor and soil horiz- ons of a mixed deciduous forest in the Southern Appalach- ian Mountains was estimated to be 30 kg ha"1. The process is partially responsible for the apparent sulfur accumulation indicated by ecosystem budgets and affects sulfate mobility, cation leaching, and hence the interpretation of atmospheric sulfuric acid effects on forest ecosystems. Incorporation microbienne des sulfates dans la matiere organigue du parterre forestier RESUME La metabolisation du sulfate inorganique dans la matiere organique par la population microbienne peut s'averer importante dans le cycle du souffre en milieu forestier. L'incorporation annuelle potentielle dans la litiere et les sols d'une foret decidue mixte du sud des Appalaches a ete estimee a 30 kg ha~L. Le processus est partiellement responsable de 1'accumulation apparente de souffre indique par les budgets au niveau de 1'ecosysteme, et affecte la mobilite du sulfate, le lessivage cationique, et, par consequent, 1'interpretation des effets de 1'acide sulfurique atmospherique sur 1'ecosysteme forestier.


In this dissertation, I have examined lead user-based social entrepreneurship, focusing on whether personal unmet needs and lead user characteristics influence starting a social business. I used personal unmet needs as a starting point to examine social entrepreneurship. For this reason, this dissertation has two parts, with part 1 focusing on lead user-based social entrepreneurship and part 2 on personal unmet needs. The overarching research questions of this dissertation were: Do lead user-innovators become social entrepreneurs; if so, how? And: What are personal unmet needs' roles in this? The answer to the main research question is that in some instances, lead users become social entrepreneurs; however, it is rare for an individual to score high both on ahead of trend and high expected benefits. It is more likely is that user-innovators becomes social entrepreneurs, because they have high expectations of the innovation-related benefits; however, they are not ahead of trend. This dissertation highlights the roles of personal unmet needs caused by exogenous events or life changes as a trigger for the user-based social entrepreneurial process. Further, I have emphasized the roles of market and governmental failures as a trigger of the user-based social entrepreneurial process.


The aim of this research is to determine the effect of ABS (Alkybenzene
Sulfonate) surfactant molarity on the surface tension of the lubricant 4 stroke
Enduro, and to determine the effect of ABS surfactant volume fractions on the 4
stroke enduro lubricant surface tension.
To determine the value of the surface tension of the lubricant 4 stroke
Enduro used Du Nouy ring method. The surfactant used is ABS with a
concentration of 0.5 M, 0.75 M and 1 M at each concentration in the input into
the lubricants with volume fractions is 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10 %, 15%, 20%, 25%,
and 30%.
The results show that the smaller the surfactant molarity the higher the
surface tension of Enduro 4 stroke lubricant. However there are some
mismatches.This may be due to the creation of small agregates or posibly inverse
micelles. The motion of these agregates causes the concentration of surfactant
moleculs around the surface to fluctuative. This fluctuation of concentration of
surfactant molecules also causes the surface tension to fluctuate. The same reason
goes to surface tension fluctuation due to the additional of volume fraction.


This study aimed to determine whether certain respiratory and cardiovascular parameters associated with anaerobic threshold (AT), measured during graded exercise testing, occur at lower intensities in the morning than in the evening. Ten healthy Japanese men volunteered to participate in this study, which involved two conditions that were performed at different times of day: morning (M) exercise was performed between 9:00 and 10:00 a.m., and afternoon (A) exercise was performed between 4:00–6:00 p.m. After resting supine for 30 minutes, each subject performed graded cycle ergometer exercise testing comprising 90-second stages. Exercise intensity was initially 10 W and was increased by 10 W for each stage. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), absolute double product (DP), cardiac autonomic nervous system modulation, and ventilatory volume (VE) were measured during each exercise stage. Ventilatory threshold (VT), the double product breaking point (DPBP), and breaking point of the natural log of high frequency (ln HF) (HFBP) were reached at a lower exercise intensity in the M condition than in the A condition (p<.05). Values for VE at VT intensity, DP, HR, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) at DPBP were significantly lower in the M condition than in the A condition (p<.05). These data suggest that AT is reached at a lower intensity in the morning than in the afternoon, and that relative burden, as indicated by HR and SBP, is greater in the morning than in the afternoon. Exercise prescriptions that incorporate awareness of the circadian rhythms may prevent cardiac or cerebrovascular accidents during exercise.


This document presents a revised version of the global HAHA protocol
specification. This version clarified several issues that were vague
in the original specification. All the protocol specifications for the
global HAHA are now added on top of the Home Agent Reliability
protocol.


The etchings of Charles Meryon (1821–1868) most familiar today are those belonging to the Eaux-fortes sur Paris of 1850–54, including the famous studies of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame, its galleries and its gargoyles.1 The principal sources for the archaeological and architectural subject matter of these plates clearly lie in the earlier examples of Ducerceau in France and Piranesi in Italy,2 and many comparisons also can be made with the imagery of the Gothic Revival in both the pictorial arts and in literature.3 Nevertheless, there are aspects of Meryon's subject matter that as yet remain enigmatic, a fact long associated with his unfortunate death in the mental asylum at Charenton in 1868. This ignoble end to Meryon's career has given rise to the viewpoint that much of his imagery is incomprehensible or hallucinatory, fraught with eccentricities that should be ignored in the final analysis of his oeuvre. The purpose of this study is to reassess this viewpoint, not to deny that Meryon was insane, but to...


The utility model provides a regulation and control device is poured into into to water injection well navel cord pipe holostrome position, include: transfer and annotate switch board (1), special production tree (2), navel cord tubular column (3) and water injection mandrel (4). The advantage does: (1 )Change over to the injected water over to bleeder in the pit after the branch is shunted on ground, a tributary occupies a bleeder, adopt this kind of structural configuration, can effectively simplify the structure complexity that the regulation and control device is poured into into to the tradition, reduce the oil field exploitation cost, in addition, can realize water injection well water injection flow, the accurate regulation and control of pressure of all levels in the pit, (2 )Transfer to annotate switch board device control ware, through the controller can to the bleeder flow, in the pit hydraulic pressure packer and backwash pump automated control carries out, have degree of automation height, easy operation, low cost's advantage, (3 )Navel cord tube bank and water injection string adopt the merogenesis plan of establishment, can satisfy the operating mode requirement of different degree of depth water injection wells, still have construction convenience's advantage.


In the process of welding and making the lighting pole of Baotou Stadium, technology assurance measures are taken and the welding processes are optimized for the welding deformation and stress by our company so ho not only the welding deformation is controlled, but also the processing and outward appearance quality is guaranteed. In this bode, onsite welding and deformation control of the large pipe and barrel structures have been deeply analyzed,which is very useful for theory and practice.


Globalization and digitization have combined to create a 'pictorial turn' that has transformed communication landscapes. Routine exposure to visual stimuli like images has acculturated our students' learning processes long before their arrival at university. But when they reach us, we expose them to text-centric teaching out of kilter with the worlds from which they come. More importantly, emerging scholarship argues that such textual hegemony is out of kilter with how they learn. This article describes a 3-year experiment to assess the veracity of such claims. It found that student academic engagement was greater when apposite images were applied. In addition, the experiment revealed that introducing imagery triggered active learning behaviours. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for politics and international relations teaching.


Thermodynamic models are a key tool to investigate transcription control in the segmentation of Drosophila. By modeling the binding of transcription factors to DNA sequences and their effect on transcription initiation, thermodynamic models predict expression patterns directly from the enhancer sequence, given the binding motifs and concentrations of all relevant transcription factors (TFs). However, many parameters of the model are impossible to measure, e.g. the interaction strength between the TFs and the core promoter. Hence, it is necessary to estimate these parameters by training the thermodynamic model on known data, i.e. to fit the model predictions to already measured expression patterns of known enhancers. The quality of the parameter training result, evaluated on independent test data, indicates how well the model recapitulates the biological measurements, which can help us to improve our understanding of the underlaying mechanisms of transcription control. Therefore, proper parameter training is a crucial step for the construction of thermodynamic models.

In this thesis, I develop a thorough parameter training setup that uses the limited amount of available training data efficiently and reduces parameter overfitting significantly. This optimized training setup applies a global parameter training algorithm, a method to artificially increase the amount of training data, called data augmentation, and parameter penalties, which is a technique to limit overfitting. I apply the novel training setup to expand the scope of thermodynamic models of Drosophila segmentation considerably by incorporating additional TFs into the model, and to investigate many aspects of transcription control in greater detail than it was possible before. Among these topics are the specificity of TF binding motifs, the nature of TF cooperativity and DNA accessibility. With the help of the here developed impact score, I assess the influence of all relevant TFs in silico, delineate the cooperativity range of the key TF bcd, and determine the importance of weak binding sites. Finally, I develop and discuss two alternative models of transcription control that lack the prediction quality of thermodynamic models, but, nevertheless, give valuable insights into the architectural principles of enhancers.

This project is part of a larger effort to advance our current understanding of transcription regulation by reconstructing the segmentation network of Drosophila in silico. The results of this thesis facilitate future modeling efforts by optimally leveraging the available data as well as by improving our understanding of thermodynamic models.


Understanding the properties of molecular machines is a common goal of biologists and engineers. As such, transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) are often used to directly view the intricate details of molecular entities at the nanoscale. Biological assemblies that are preserved under frozen-hydrated conditions permit us to peer into the nanoworld in a near-native environment. This form of specimen preservation can be accomplished by plunge-freezing samples at high velocity into liquid ethane, thereby embedding the starting material in thin films of vitreous ice (Figure 1A). Conventionally, amorphous carbon is the most popular support material used to prepare biological specimens for TEM imaging. Micron-sized holes engineered into these carbon films provide a suitably transparent background to visualize biological complexes while embedded in vitreous ice (Figure 1B). However, there remain many limiting factors in high-resolution imaging, such as specimen charging, beaminduced movements, and other noise-producing artifacts.


For each τ0>0 we denote by S(τ0) = {z∈C:|Im z|<τ0} the strip parallel to the real axes. By H(τ0) and Ĥ(τ0) we denote the Freshet spaces of all analytic functions, defined in S(τ0) and having representation there in series of Hermite polynomials, respectively in series of Hermite functions.We introduce the sequence spaces: E2(τ0): = {â := {ân}n = 0∞:ân∈C, |â|τ<∞,0<τ<τ0} E2(τ0): = {a := {an}n = 0∞ : an∈C, ‖a‖τ<∞,0<τ<τ0}, (1) where |â|: = ( ∑ n = 0∞|ân|2exp(2τ)2n+1))1/2 and ‖a‖: = ( ∑ n = 0∞|an|2Inexp(2τ)2n+1))1/2, In = n!2nπ. (2)Here we prove that the spaces E2(τ0) and E2(τ0) are nuclear Freshet spaces, which are isomorphic each other. Moreover, we show that the sequence â := {ân}n = 0∞ belongs to the space E2(τ0) if and only if the function f(z) =  ∑ n = 0∞ânĤn(z)∈Ĥ(τ0, respectively the sequence a := {an}n = 0∞ belongs to the space E2(τ0) if and only if the function f(z) =  ∑ n = 0∞anHn(z)∈H(τ0,


The study tooks place year of 2009, in the Basic Health Unit of Campo Verde's neighborhood, Cariacica, ES, with team's partner from the Family Health Strategy (FHS). It aimed at promoting a space for listening and reflection that was intended to work the SUS ́s guidelines and the difficulties found in the wok field to enlarge the possibility of intervention in sicken situations. It was composed of two phases: The first phase: It was configured as a collective space, which interpersonal conflicts of day by day were rendering problematic and reconfigured. The second phase: to affect the Wheel in Permanent Education as part of the National Humanization Policy (NPH), it was developed by professional demands, an update course 1 Bacharel em Administração de Empresas (FCHV); MBA em Marketing (FGV); graduada em Psicologia (AEV/FAESA); coordenadora da Codes – Coordenadoria de desenvolvimento de Recursos Humanos, assistência à saúde e Programas sociais. 2 Graduada em Psicologia (AEV/FAESA); pós-graduanda em Gestão de Pessoas (FGV); psicóloga da Prefeitura Municipal de Viana/Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social, Renda e Cidadania. 3 Graduada em Psicologia (UFES); mestre em Psicologia (UFF); professora do Curso de Psicologia (AEV/FAESA).


Purpose We determined the outcomes of patients undergoing video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT) for fistulain-ano at the Philippine General Hospital. Methods Twenty consecutive adult patients who underwent the VAAFT procedure from 2016–2018 were included in this investigation. Information detailing baseline demographic and clinical data, fistula type and classification, and previous surgeries were retrieved from in-hospital and operative records. Operative time, identification of the internal opening, method of internal opening closure, and occurrence of immediate postoperative complications were determined. The status of the fistula was assessed at one month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively based on outpatient follow-up records. The primary outcomes were healing rate and recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes were 30-day morbidity, postoperative complications, and incontinence using the Wexner score. Results Eighteen patients (90%) had a preoperative diagnosis of complex fistula, and 13 patients (65%) had undergone a previous fistula surgery. Primary healing rate was 55% at 1 month, 63.16% at 3 months, and 78.95% at 6 months postoperatively. Eighteen patients (94.74%) maintained continence (Wexner score = 0) at 6 months. Conclusion Our study results suggest that VAAFT is a safe, minimally invasive technique for treatment of anal fistula and can preserve anal sphincter function. The technique has an acceptable healing rate with minimal complications.


The integral equations for infinite phased arrays have generally been constructed with complex nonsymmetric kernels. Nevertheless, it has been shown earlier that these nonsymmetric forms can generally be transformed into a complex-symmetric form with consequent stationary properties. It is shown here that the phased array must possess certain symmetry properties for the complex-symmetric form to exist.


An 8.6 mW stream processor core for mobile applications is implemented with 8.91 mm2 area in 0.18 mum CMOS technology at 50 MHz. The adaptive multi-thread architecture with configurable memory array and geometry-content-aware technique are proposed to reduce power consumption while achieving 12.5 Mvertices/s for 3D graphics and motion estimation with search range {H[-24,24),V[-16,16]} for CIF (352times288) 30 fps video encoding.


The present invention relates to a process for the production of a polyamine involving the use of enzymes; in particular to a process performed in aqueous environment; to the polyamines produced by said method; as well as the use of said polyamines for manufacturing paper, for immobilizing enzymes, or for preparing pharmaceutical or cosmetical compositions. The invention also relates to a novel method for in situ regeneration of cofactors NAD(P)+.


the discrete sliding mode control technique is used to
design robust synchronization control laws for synchronous reluctance motors.
The objective of the controllers is to force the state vector y(k) of the
slave system to track the state vector x(k) of the synchronous system. The
proposed control laws are then applied to switched reluctance motors and
its performance is simulated. The simulation results show the convergence
of the errors to zero which validates the proposed control design. Moreover,
the simulation studies indicate that the proposed scheme is robust to
parameters mismatch. In addition, another nonlinear feedback controller is
designed for the purpose of synchronization and its performance is simulated.
A comparison between the designed controllers is demonstrated.


. Fano varieties are 'atomic pieces' of algebraic varieties, the shapes that can be defined by polynomial equations. We describe the role of computation and database methods in the construction and classification of Fano varieties, with an emphasis on three-dimensional Fano varieties with mild singularities called (cid:81) -Fano threefolds. The classification of (cid:81) -Fano threefolds has been open for several decades, but there has been significant recent progress. These advances combine computational algebraic geometry and large-scale data analysis with new ideas that originated in theoretical physics.


In recent times, fire safety has become important in structural design due to increased fire damage to the properties and loss of lives. The analysis of structural members in a compartment in a steel framed structure subjected to fire attack is often difficult leading to the combined complexity of the material degradation and of the actions induced by thermal strains. The deformations of the steel structures will be caused due to many reasons and it mainly depends upon material properties and temperature conditions. Hence it is important to assess the behaviour of structures with different material properties under elevated temperature. This paper studies the behaviour of steel beam, which is a part of a thermal power plant structure subjected to elevated temperature on a framed compartment by finite element method. The study involves two –sided, three –sided and four –sided exposure conditions. A profound variation in responses is observed under the combination of thermal action and material properties. This paper also presents a review on responses of characteristic properties of structural steel and its alloys like Monel and Inconel at elevated temperature.


It is proposed an arrangement comprising a carrier element (1) a switching device for a manual transmission of a vehicle, in which the movements of a selector lever (3) and a shift lever (6) via the carrier element (1) to a shift and selector shaft (2) for can be transmitted actuation of switching elements, wherein the carrier element (1) is designed as a multi-functional component having a plurality of functional surfaces for performing additional functions at a select and shift operation.


Introducing tropical and sub-tropical germplasm from diversity center was an efficiency approach to enrich the limited germplasm of maize in China. Photoperiod sensitivity was the major obstacle of using tropical and sub-tropical germplasm in temperate zone. This paper summarized recent progress in the genetic research and related genes of photoperiod sensitivity in maize, in combination with the progress in the related field in mode plant Arabidopsis and rice, the trends of the research on photoperiod sensitivity were discussed.


Purpose. The aim of the article is generalization of theoretical provisions on the nature, level and quality of trade services to consumers, identification of the content relationship between them and the role in meeting market demands of the population.

Methodology of research. The following research methods were used to achieve this goal: theoretical analysis, abstract and logical – to reveal the essence of trade services, its level and quality; interpretations and comparisons – to determine the relationship and interaction of the concepts of "level" and "quality" of trade services; graphical – to visualize the classification of indicators for assessing the quality of trade services.

Findings. It is established that trade service in modern conditions together with quality of the goods offered to consumers is an element of maintenance of competitive advantages of the trading enterprises. This is due to the growing demands of consumers not only to the consumer characteristics of goods, but also related to their sale of trade services. It is substantiated that the concepts of "level of trade service" and "quality of trade service" are not identical concepts. The first of them reflects a set of elements of providing consumers with a variety of services to create a comfortable environment for the purchase of goods and reflects the situation "present or absent" a specific element of trade services. The second is the degree of compliance of the level of trade service with the expectations and needs of consumers, which can be quantified.

Originality. The substantiation of the essence, content and correlation of the concepts "the level of trade service" and "quality of trade service", their influence on the competitiveness of trade enterprises was further developed.

Practical value. Substantiated research results can be used by commercial enterprises to assess the effectiveness of their activities in terms of ensuring a higher level and quality of trade services on the basis of these elements and indicators.

Key words: trade enterprise, trade service, level of trade service, quality of trade service, competition.


A ground water basin is defined as the volume of subsurface through which ground water flows from the water table to a specified discharge location. Delineating the topographically defined surface water basin and extending it vertically downward does not always define the ground water basin. Instead, a ground water basin is more appropriately delineated by tracking ground water flowpaths with a calibrated, three‐dimensional ground water flow model. To determine hydrologic and chemical budgets of the basin, it is also necessary to quantify flow through each hydrogeologic unit in the basin. In particular, partitioning ground water flow through unconsolidated deposits versus bedrock is of significant interest to hillslope hydrologic studies. To address these issues, a model is developed and calibrated to simulate ground water flow through glacial deposits and fractured crystalline bedrock in the vicinity of Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Tracking of ground water flowpaths suggests that Mirror Lake and its inlet streams drain a ground water recharge area that is about 1.5 times the area of the surface water basin. Calculation of the ground water budget suggests that, of the recharge that enters the Mirror Lake ground water basin, about 40% travels through the basin along flowpaths that stay exclusively in the glacial deposits, and about 60% travels along flowpaths that involve movement in bedrock.


We have theoretically analyzed nonclassical paired photons generated spontaneously from a four-level inverted-Y atomic system. We discuss the feasibility of biphoton generation due to different pumping arrangements. Two types of correlated photon pair emissions have been carefully examined: dressed cascade and dressed double- emissions. In the dressed cascade two-photon emission, the coincidence counting rate may exhibit a damped Rabi oscillation, in contrast with a simple exponential decay feature in the literatures. In the dressed double- configuration, we show that not only is the temporal correlation of entangled Stokes‐antiStokes photons in agreement with discussions presented by Wen et al. Phys. Rev. A 76, 013825 2007, but also the oscillation period may be manipulated by altering either the control Rabi frequency or the dressing Rabi frequency or both. All the observed damped Rabi oscillations in the two-photon coincidences result from the destructive interference among the possible four-wave mixing processes occurring in the atom-field interaction system. This feature of the two-photon amplitude is governed by the convolution between the phase matching and third-order nonlinear susceptibility. The methodology adopted here can be applied to other atomic-level configurations and provides a useful tool to study the spectroscopy of the system. The generated narrow-band photon pairs may have potential applications in long-distance quantum communication and quantum information processing.


In general, in the different phases of urban planning, a holistic interpretation is missed in the decision-making process. Also, women's experiences, as users and professionals in the transformation of the place we inhabit, have been dismissed. Therefore, the main goal of developing the Urban Quality Audit with a gender perspective as an urban evaluation tool is to evaluate whether our neighbourhoods and cities respond to people's needs without any type of discrimination. This article is part of the evolution of the work of my doctoral dissertation in coordination with members of Col·lectiu Punt6. The Urban Quality Audit with a gender perspective is part of the work that has nurtured over time through the collective experience, the knowledge of women who have participated in workshops, walks and participatory processes, the exchange with municipal staff who has participated in trainings and the different consultancy work developed for different public institutions. The current article is divided in three parts: a brief approximation to the feminist contributions to contemporary urban practice; a second part that interrelates the concepts of urban planning, gender perspective, everyday life and the neighborhood scale; a third part where the methodological contributions of the audit are presented. Finally, some general conclusions about the application of the audit.


Introduction: Sarcopenia is a condition related to the human aging process, it is characterized by muscle mass, strength and/or function loss. It is associated to several factors, it presents high prevalence among the institutionalized elderly. Objective: To verify the prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors in institutionalized elderly. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional population-based study that evaluated 479 institutionalized elderly regarding sarcopenia (European Working Group on Sarcopenia Older People criteria), socioeconomic variables, comorbidities, anthropometric variables, cognitive status (Mini Mental State Examination), nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment), fragility (Fried Phenotype) and functional capacity (Katz Scale). For statistical analysis were used descriptive statistics, association tests and crude and adjusted analysis by the Poisson Regression with robust variance. The level of significance was 5%. Results: The sample consisted of 225 elderly, 79.33 ± 9.40 years old, 65.8% female. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 44.4% (95.0% severe sarcopenia). Associated factors to sarcopenia were longevity, low body mass index, decreased calf circumference and poor nutritional status (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in institutionalized elderly, especially severe type, and is associated with longevity, decreased calf circumference and poor nutritional status (thinness and malnutrition).


We have repeatedly extolled the virtues of interdisciplinary understanding. A better appreciation of ethics can contribute to economic analysis, and at the same time the tools and distinctions that economists have fashioned can contribute to moral philosophy. We hope that the examples we have already discussed and the detailed comments in the previous chapter concerning applications of mainstream welfare economics have shown that these are not empty slogans – mere reminders that more knowledge and more sensitivity are almost always better than less. In this our last chapter, we would like to do more to show how ethics and economics can complement one another. We will begin by discussing briefly the examples presented in Chapter 3 concerning involuntary unemployment and the use of overlapping generations models to study retirement savings. Then we will sketch a range of urgent problems that cannot be tackled successfully without an understanding of both ethics and economics. Involuntary Unemployment and Moral Baselines While emphasizing the complexities of unemployment, we argued in Chapter 3 that controversies concerning the existence and analysis of involuntary unemployment result in part from conflating voluntary choice and rational choice and in part from normative disagreements among economists. The conflation leads some economists to regard as fully voluntary what are in fact paradigmatically involuntary choices, such as surrendering one's wallet to a robber who threatens death otherwise (Colander quoted in Snowdon and Vane 1999, p. 233).


Wheat (Triticum spp.) kernel texture is used in part to define US wheat market class because of its importance in end-use quality and use. Durum wheat [Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] has lower demand and fewer culinary end-uses than bread wheat, partly because of its extremely hard kernel texture, which precludes conventional milling. Recently, a new durum cultivar with soft kernel texture, cv. 'Soft Svevo', was developed by the Ph1bmediated homoeologous transfer of the Puroindoline genes at the Hardness (Ha) locus from the D genome of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this research was to evaluate soft kernel durum germplasm developed from crossing Soft Svevo to selected entries of the CIMMYT 44th International Durum Yield Nursery. Forty-six F2:5 soft durum full and half-sib lines were grown in replicated field plots at two locations. Grain samples were evaluated for grain, milling, and soft wheat end-use quality. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected among lines for all traits including kernel hardness [2.0–25.7 hardness index (HI)], flour yield (58.9–65.9 g 100 g−1), starch damage (1.11–1.77 g 100 g−1), flour protein (11.5–13.5 g 100 g−1), solvent retention capacity (SRC) water (49.1–57.0 g 100 g−1), SRC carbonate (59.8–68.8 g 100 g−1), and cookie diameter (8.7–9.6 cm). These results indicate that soft kernel texture is easily transferrable and that genetic differences among hard kernel durum parents confer significant differences in end-use quality when evaluated using traditional soft wheat parameters. J. D. Boehm, Jr. and M. I. Ibba, Dep. Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164; A. M. Kiszonas and C. F. Morris USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, E-202 Food Quality Bldg., Washington State University, P.O. Box 646394, Pullman, WA 99164-6394. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of other that may also be suitable. Received 16 Sept. 2016. Accepted 12 Jan. 2017. *Corresponding author (craig. firstname.lastname@example.com). Assigned to Associate Editor Toi Tsilo. Abbreviations: Ha, Hardness locus; SKCS, Single-Kernel Characterization System; HI, hardness index; IDYN, International Durum Yield Nursery; SRC, solvent retention capacity. Published in Crop Sci. 57:1475–1484 (2017). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.09.0774 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. Published online June 16, 2017


Objective: To investigate the prevalence of fibromyalgia (FM) among patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and association of thyroid antibodies with FM severity among affected individuals. Design: Cross-sectional Euthyroid patients HT were recruited Intervention: Main outcome measure(s): Prevalence of fibromyalgia and association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Diagnosis of FM was made using the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria. Serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies were determined. Results: Average age of the patients was 38.5 years and 93.1% were female. Among the 102 patients, diagnosis of FM was made in five patients (prevalence rate, 95% CI: 4.9%, 0.7 - 9.1). Age, sex, level of education, marital status, menopause status, duration of thyroid disease, TSH, and anti-TPO concentrations were comparable between patients with and without FM (p >0.05 in all tests). Among patients with FM, the indices of FM severity (widespread pain index, and symptom severity) were not significantly correlated with wither TSH or anti-TPO concentrations. Conclusion: Despite previous reports suggesting an increased risk of FM in HT, among Iranian patients with HT, the prevalence of FM seems to be comparable with the prevalence reported in the female general population. A possible link between HT and FM needs further investigation in large population-based studies. physical ultrasonography


The process of adaptive radiation—the proliferation of species from a single ancestor and diversification into many ecologically different forms—has been of great interest to evolutionary biologists since Darwin. Since the middle of the last century, ecological opportunity has been invoked as a potential key to understanding when and how adaptive radiation occurs. Interest in the topic of ecological opportunity has accelerated as research on adaptive radiation has experienced a resurgence, fueled in part by advances in phylogenetic approaches to studying evolutionary diversification. Nonetheless, what the term actually means, much less how it mechanistically leads to adaptive diversification, is currently debated; whether the term has any predictive value or is a heuristic useful only for post hoc explanation also remains unclear. Recent recognition that evolutionary change can occur rapidly and on a timescale commensurate with ecological processes suggests that it is time to synthesize ecological and evolutionary approaches to the study of community assembly and evolutionary diversification. 507 Click here to view this article's online features: • Download figures as PPT slides • Navigate linked references • Download citations • Explore related articles • Search keywords ANNUAL REVIEWS Further A nn u. R ev . E co l. E vo l. Sy st . 2 01 6. 47 :5 07 -5 32 . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w .a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g A cc es s pr ov id ed b y H ar va rd U ni ve rs ity o n 11 /1 6/ 16 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y. ES47CH22-Stroud ARI 4 October 2016 8:15 Ecological opportunity: the availability of ecologically accessible resources that may be evolutionarily exploited Adaptive radiation: evolutionary divergence of members of a single phylogenetic lineage into a variety of different adaptive forms (Futuyma 1998) Diversification: the evolution of phenotypically and reproductively distinct species in a clade Key innovation: the evolution of a trait that allows a species to interact with the environment in a novel way