A study examined educational and pedagogical strategies industry trainers use for trainee learning and their methods of delivery, focusing on pedagogical practices using literacy and numeracy competencies in implementing training on the work site. It drew on case studies from five vocational education and training sites, looking at the industry, training for the industry onsite, and training issues espoused by trainers. Findings indicated trainers responding to the National Training Framework reported on the strength of training industry sites; engagement with the Australian Quality Training Framework enabled understanding Training Packages and their use as a framework for delivery, assessment, and accreditation of industry training; Key Competencies must be revisited as critical underpinning skills for industry training; workplace trainers valued their ability to network with professional colleagues and industry partners to enhance delivery of quality training; professional development opportunities were necessary in delivery of quality training; literacy and numeracy skills enabled the teaching and learning process in the workplace; higher order literacy skills were important in a climate of lifelong learning; and language's central role in industry training had pedagogic implications for training workplace trainers. Three key themes emerged to address to meet education and training needs of workplace trainers: balance industry-based training (location) with productivity constraints (time) and professional development (knowledge practices) opportunities. (36 references) (YLB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1 Talking about training. Literacy and numeracy training practices in industry: a comparative study across five industries.


This article uses SOD as a template,to study its coupling procedure of purification and modification.SOD was mixed with Cu2+ chelating-sephadex G-75 without being washed immediately but modified by activated PEG5000 upon the solid-phase column,then washed specifically.The modification and purification of SOD completed synchronously.The specific activity of the obtained PEG-SOD is 9 055.1 U/mg,with a purification factor of 1.75,modified at 42.3% of its free amino groups,retained 87.1% of enzymatic activity of native SOD.The results confirm that it is feasible to couple the purification and modification of SOD.


4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde 1 when treated with substituted hydroxy acetophenones 2 yields chalcones 3. These chalcones were refluxed with 2-aminothiophenol gave "2-[2-(4bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4-yl]phenol" 4 and when treated with hydrazine hydrate gave the compound "2-[5-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol3-yl]phenol" 5. The structures of compounds have been established on the basis of spectral data.


Rotational motions involve more than linear motions. Inerti a gives us an idea of how hard or easy the object is accelerated. The more inertia it h s, t e harder it is accelerated and decelerated. In the linear motion, inertia corresponds to its mass as a point object. In practice, an object has an extended shape as a three dimensional sense. Especially, w hen the object rotates, the shape plays a more important role and it needs more description for the inertia besides its mass. This is called rotational inertia or moment of inertia. The moment of ine rt a is differentiated by the mass distribution of the object. Simply put, if the shape is differe nt, the "rotational" inertia will be different even though the masses are equal. It is proport i nal to the mass and radius squared. The dimension of moment of inertia is [M][L ], so the unit is kg ⋅m. For example, if the object is a circular disk, the moment of inertia is


FIELD: textiles, paper. SUBSTANCE: non-woven fabric and method of its formation provide for the formation of generally flat or plain self-supporting core of inorganic base fiber and organic binding fiber, preferably using an aerodynamic web-forming head. In some preferred versions, the organic base fiber has the fiber strength with the rupture load of about 10 g or less and an elongation of about 20 percent or less. Preferably, the organic binding fiber has a binding component and a structural component in single fiber filaments. In one aspect, the structural component of the organic binding fiber has a composition effective to ensure its strength, thus, a non-woven fabric can be cut manually with minimal effort. EFFECT: in this form the non-woven fabric is suitable to act as an acoustic ceiling plate. 10 cl, 2 dwg


The invention relates to a fluid impact type generator, in particular to a supporting structure of a generator rotor. A flexible blade rotor supporting device comprises a central rotating shaft; the central rotating shaft is provided with at least two supporting layers vertical to the central rotating shaft; fixed rods are arranged between the adjacent two supporting layers at intervals on the same circumference by using the central rotating shaft as a center; the adjacent fixed rods are connected through a flexible blade; the flexible blade can produce concave-convex deformation relative to a plane formed by the two fixed rods connected with the flexible blade; and the flexible blade is connected with the fixed rod through an abrasion-resistant gasket. The device has the characteristics that the flexible blade rotor structure of the device is lighter, the blade is easy to replace, the service life of the blade is prolonged and the structure is more reasonable.


The novels of the Macao have the cultural characters of native description and humanistic concern. "Inspection of sexes" is the authors' literary attention concerning native loving and marriage in Macao. The Macao's authors express their pursuits concerning the perfect relationship between the male and the female with the perceptual expression, at the same time, they realize their humanistic attention concerning the real life with the rational thought. Both the perceptual expression and the rational thought replenish each other and form the characteristics of "inspection of sexes" in the Macao' novels.


The paper presents the methodology and results of the estimation of the endowments of capital in the Spanish economy. It distinguishes between endowments of public capital and private capital. The series corresponding to the public sector cover the period l955-97 and consider seven categories (or functions). The estimates are disaggregated by 17 regions and 50 provinces. The level of disaggregation is regional and provincial (NUTS2 and NUTS3 in European terminology). The private capital series cover the period 1964-97 and consider 17 sectors of production, with disaggregation at regional level. The information refers to two variables: gross formation of fixed capital (in current and constant pesetas) and net capital stock in constant pesetas (base year 1990). Copyright 2000 by The International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.


The Wasserstein gradient flow structure of the partial differential equation system governing multiphase flows in porous media was recently highlighted in Cancès et al. [Anal. PDE 10(8), 1845–1876]. The model can thus be approximated by means of the minimising movement (or JKO after Jordan, Kinderlehrer and Otto [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 29(1), 1–17]) scheme that we solve thanks to the ALG2-JKO scheme proposed in Benamou et al. [ESAIM Proc. Surv. 57, 1–17]. The numerical results are compared to a classical upstream mobility finite volume scheme, for which strong stability properties can be established.


As to the issue that the traditional radial load mode may lead to obvious error in the radial fatigue simulation of automobile wheel,the distribution of bead force on steal wheel bead seat is studied.Through the tire deformation test under radial load,the material model of the rubber tire is built which is used to calculate the force between bead and bead seat;considering the effect of tire deformation on the wheel rim stress distribution,the finite element analysis on wheel is performed under radial load;and the test data under radial load is compared with the radial strength simulation results of tire-assembled wheel model and the simulation results under the traditional load mode.The results show that there is obvious error for the traditional method.The wheel model should be assembled with tire to obtain accurate simulation results under radial load.


This paper describes the development of the analytical solution of an approximate closed-form probabilistic solution for stresses, strains and deflections for an n-layered system. The approximate solution was obtained using first order, second moment theory. Using the computer program (nlayer) which has been developed on the basis of this formulation, a number of examples are solved and the results are presented to show the effect of the variability of layer properties on the stresses, strains and deflections of n-layered systems. Potential application of the formulation and the computer program to the analysis of flexible pavement systems is presented. /Author/TRRL/


Recent years have seen an increasing number of scholarly works focusing on the former Soviet Union as a cluster of cases to examine and to build theories of ethnic mobilization and nationalism. As a "natural experiment" par excellence, the universe of former Soviet (and perhaps Yugoslav) cases represents fertile ground. Roeder's Where Nation-States Come From represents an important and impressive exploration of this set of cases, although in terms of the generalizability of his findings, particularly to Europe but also to cases within the Russian Federation itself, his reach may have exceeded his grasp. The core argument of Roeder's work is the segmental institutions thesis (p. 10), which argues that "segmental states" (first-level administrative subdivisions based on both territorial and communal partitioning, pp. 44–6) approach something of a necessary condition for the eventual establishment of new nation-states; indeed, Roeder offers "no segment-state, no nation-state" as a powerfully predictive rule of thumb (pp. 10, 341). Segmental states strongly facilitate the formation of ethnic political-identity hegemony (chapters 3–5), where ethnic entrepreneurs are able, often through the establishment of political machines, to reframe ethnopolitical mobilization and to orient various factors (for example, economic grievance) towards their particular nationalist project. As a result, there is a much greater likelihood of a political crisis between the segmental state and its common state, ceteris paribus, as the segmental state leadership can bring to bear political and economic resources to challenge the existing institutional arrangement (chapters 6–9). Such crises, Roeder argues, are the most likely sources of new independent states, as both the common state (albeit reluctantly) and the international community


Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) has significant adverse events in the prenatal, peripartum, and neonatal period. Understanding the maternal and neonatal outcomes of PROM is very important to reduce maternal and child mortality by prevention of complications and better management of the condition. The present study is undertaken to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes in patients with PROM and factors influencing the maternal and neonatal outcomes following PROM. We retrospectively evaluated the maternal and neonatal outcomes and the associated risk factors for 200 consecutive singleton pregnancy outcomes by PROM. Our results suggest that the mean age of the study participants was 22.90 ± 3.45 years ranging from 18–40 years. The estimated occurrences of unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes were 24.5 and 28.0%, respectively. Fever (67.3%) followed by puerperal sepsis (12.3%), wound infection (6.1%), and postpartum hemorrhage (6.1%) were common maternal outcomes and birth asphyxia (55.4%) followed by neonatal septicemia (25.0%) and convulsion (5.4%) were common neonatal outcomes. C-reactive protein (CRP) was positive among 44.0% of the mothers, and Escherichia coli was the commonest organism isolated in the cervical swab. The positive serum maternal CRP levels with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 3.3 and 4.8 and latency in conducting delivery with an AOR of 1.1 each were the significant independent predictors of the maternal and neonatal morbidities (p <0.05).


A clever measurement technique reveals that a frequency comb of down-converted laser light contains entanglement ready-made for quantum information processing.


Electric low speed vehicle becomes more and more popular for it could not only satisfy the needs for low-speed,short-distance transportation,but is green and environment friendly as well.In this paper,a reference standard for body stiffness of electric low speed vehicle is first established according to car body stiffness and its characteristics.Then topology optimization is used to achieve a proper material distribution scheme for such vehicle employing an equivalent method of material properties for solid beam vs.pipe beam.Finally,the detailed body structure is designed based on the initial scheme,following appropriate manufacture principles.It is showed that the body structure optimized based on stiffness has better stiffness and strength.


Optical constants of optically thick gold and silver films evaporated onto a quartz plate under high vacuum, were measured by the ellipse method of Drude. A least‐squares method, including iteration, was applied to data obtained with the rather simple apparatus; values for the optical constants thus calculated agree with existing values obtained by more elaborate methods.


Obesity is associated with both insulin resistance and β -cell dysfunction. Diets that are restricted in calories (1) and rich in dietary fi bre (2) have been shown to improve glucose homeostasis and body weight. It is thought that dietary fi bre elicits these effects through short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by bacterial fermentation in the gut. SCFA (acetate, propionate and butyrate) stimulate the release of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) through activation of free fatty-acids receptors 2 and 3 (FFAR2, FFAR3) found on enteroendocrine L-cells in vivo (3) and in vitro (4). Our previous research has demonstrated that dietary supplementation with inulin propionate ester (IPE), which delivers propionate to the colon, stimulated the release of GLP-1 (5) and improved β -cell function in overweight adults (6). The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of IPE supplementation on insulin sensitivity and β -cell function while following a hypocaloric weight loss diet. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with IPE can improve insulin sensitivity and β -cell function to a great extent than the control following weight loss. Ten healthy participants (m/f (20/80); mean (SEM), age 33 (3) years; Body mass index (BMI 28.9 (1) kg/m 2 )) were recruited and completed 12 weeks of intervention in a randomised, controlled, parallel design. Participants


We studied the technology of the active ingredient flavone extracted by NaOH solution assisted with microwave from peanut shell,precipitated under acidic conditions,and redissolved with ethanol. The purity of the total flavonoids is determined with NaNO2-Al(NO3)3 colorimetry,and the content of the luteolin is determined with HPLC. The optimized qualification of the flavone extracted from peanut shell:extracted twice,7.5 minutes each time,the ratio of solvent to material is 1∶20; the concentration of NaOH is 0.1 mol/L. Under the optimum condition,the extraction percentage of the total flavonoids is 3440 mg/kg,and the content of luteolin is 7.28%.


Ludwig's angina is an infection of the submandibular space generally caused by an infection of the 2nd or 3rd lower molar. As a consequence, descending necrotizing mediastinitis, a rare and severe form of mediastinal infection, may occur. The descending necrotizing mediastinitis represents a rare form of mediastinal infection. It presents a high mortality and to decrease that rate it is necessary prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment. Two cases of descending necrotizing mediastinitis due to Ludwig's angina were treated with excellent results in our hospital. The transcervical mediastinal drainage is justified in patients with disease limited to the upper mediastinum. Even so, when there is extensive involvement of the whole mediastinum it is suitable the accomplishment of a wide thoracotomy.


The diploma thesis "Performance measurement system of logistics in a company" focuses primarily on various approaches to performance measurement by using controlling and other possible methods which are used in performance management of business logistics. The goal of the practical part is to assess bottlenecks of the currently used performance measures focused on the logistics process of the production inventory management and then suggest improvements in area of monitoring performance for better optimization of the chosen process. Gained theoretical knowledge and conducted analysis focused on system of performance measurement of the company FINES, a.s. were used to achieve the defined goal.


Abstract The crucial phase of the practical application of the Box-Jenkins methodology is the specification and verification of the suitable model. When it is made "manually" it is difficult and subjective. A new automatic SARIMA modeling method has been proposed. It is a procedure based on the classic model selection process; i.e., model specification, parameter estimation and diagnostic control. By use of a simulation study, the proposed automatic SARIMA procedure is compared with the authors´ own implementations of automatic SARIMA procedures based on the AIC and BIC and the in-sample forecasts evaluation from the point of view of model quality, as well as the accuracy of the forecasts obtained.


Since new china created,especially for the reform,large amount of name brand construction enterprise was appears.Along with the competition tempestuousness,the enterprise similar with each other appearance visible,the difference of technology is reduce gradually,the user expectation is upgrade gradually.Face to the challenge of market,user and adversary,service is the focus in the next turn of competition.The brand service is consist of service quality,technology,price,culture and credit.The service quality is the core of brand service.


Abstract This article describes and evaluates a project that aims to include the indigenous knowledge and skills of the Nama people in rural schools in The Karas Region, Namibia. In the Traditional Life Skills Project (TLSP) parents and grandparents teach children some of the traditional life skills and knowledge of the Nama people in the schools in the afternoons. The paper points out that in successful communities the project makes an important contribution to the conservation of the Nama culture. Furthermore, it has the potential of reducing both drop-out rate and disciplinary problems in the schools. It also contributes economically to the local societies through sales of products which they manufacture. In some of the communities the project has not succeeded. The causes of success or failure are analysed using the concept 'social capital', and a central conclusion is that the level of social capital in a community is pivotal for the success of this project. The paper suggests that a closer integrati...


The high resolution infrared spectrum of 1,2‐difluoroethane (DFE) in a molecular beam has been obtained over the 2978–2996 cm−1 spectral region. This region corresponds to the symmetric combination of asymmetric C–H stretches in DFE. Observed rotational fine structure indicates that this C–H stretch is undergoing vibrational mode coupling to a single dark mode. The dark mode is split by approximately 19 cm−1 due to tunneling between the two identical gauche conformers. The mechanism of the coupling is largely anharmonic with a minor component of B/C plane Coriolis coupling. Effects of centrifugal distortion along the molecular A‐axis are also observed. Analysis of the fine structure identifies the dark state as being composed of C–C torsion, CCF bend, and CH2 rock. Coupling between the C–H stretches and the C–C torsion is of particular interest because DFE has been observed to undergo vibrationally induced isomerization from the gauche to trans conformer upon excitation of the C–H stretch.


The survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has significantly increased over the past decade, mainly due to the efficacy of novel agents such as thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide, used as rescue therapies. Thus, at the Mayo Clinic, it was observed that patients relapsing after the year 2000 had a 12-month improvement in survival from the time of relapse compared with those who relapsed before this date (23.9 v 11.8 months). Nevertheless, the duration of subsequent responses to rescue treatments is progressively shorter. Therefore, the current goals in relapsed MM are to optimize the efficacy of the three aforementioned drugs through their most appropriate combinations, to determine the optimal sequences of treatment, and to promote active clinical research into new experimental agents. In the context of relapse, we are probably moving from one extreme to the other, whereby no drugs were available for relapsed patients until 2000, but many options have since become available. These new treatment options are usually based on the results of small pilot studies with short follow-up, and consequently the field of rescue treatments has become a tower of Babel in which numerous physicians demand appropriate guidelines and more uniform treatment approaches. In this issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology, Richardson et al report on a phase I, dose escalation study, designed to evaluate the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of lenalidomide plus bortezomib in patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory MM. The addition of dexamethasone was permitted after two cycles in patients with progressive disease. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled (32% with relapsed and 68% with relapsed and refractory MM), 63% of whom were previously refractory to thalidomide, 42% to bortezomib and 16% to lenalidomide. The MTD was established at 15 mg and 1.0 mg for lenalidomide (for 14 days) and bortezomib (days 1, 4, 8, 11 every 3 weeks), respectively. Sixty-one percent of patients achieved at least minor responses (including 39% partial response [PR] and 8% complete response/ near complete response) with a median time to progression of 7.7 months. Among the 18 patients who received dexamethasone due to progressive disease, 83% achieved at least stable disease, with 17% PR. Responses were also observed in patients previously refractory to the novel agents (50% minor responses, including 25% PR). Treatment was well tolerated, with only four discontinuations due to unacceptable toxicity. Most importantly, none of the patients experienced grade 3 or 4 peripheral neuropathy and there was only one case of deep vein thrombosis. What lessons can be learned from this study? First, these types of combinations should be supported by preclinical studies, as is the case with the Dana-Farber Cancer Center investigators who previously showed that lenalidomide reinforces the activity of both bortezomib and dexamethasone, probably through a dual caspase 8 and 9–mediated apoptotic pathway. Second, the study showed activity in patients previously refractory to bortezomib and immunomodulatory drugs (IMIDs), which suggests that the combination may resensitize previously resistant tumor cells. Nevertheless, to confirm this latter statement, the ideal setting would be a patient in whom the two last lines of therapy were based on bortezomib and lenalidomide, who showed no response and progressive disease under each treatment separately, but who then responded to the combination, providing that the dose of dexamethasone was equivalent. The third lesson concerns the MTD. As has been acknowledged by Richardson et al this could have been higher if appropriate antiviral and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prophylaxis had been used. In fact, although comparison with newly diagnosed patients is not always appropriate because relapsed patients have fewer bone marrow reserves and do not tolerate treatment so well, in the first-line context, higher doses of lenalidomide (25 mg/d) and bortezomib (1.3 mg/m) are currently being combined. The fourth lesson concerns the addition of dexamethasone. In line with the preclinical studies and the clinical synergistic effect observed for lenalidomide plus dexamethasone, the addition of dexamethasone in this trial contributed to rescue patients with progressive disease. Accordingly, we would favor the use of the triplet (bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone) instead of the doublet (bortezomib and lenalidomide). This is also supported by an ongoing phase II trial, conducted by the same group, showing 67% PR when using bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in relapse/refractory patients with MM, a figure clearly superior to the 39% PR obtained here with bortezomib and lenalidomide. In patients with relapse/refractory MM, the most relevant question is whether to use all the active drugs at the same time or sequentially. Moreover, it needs to be proved that the combination of a proteasome inhibitor and one IMID is superior to the combination of either of the two drugs plus an alkylating agent or anthracyclines with corticosteroids. In fact, similar results have been obtained with combinations such as bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone or lenalidomide, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone, and this could be considered as an additional argument in favor of the sequential rather than simultaneous use of bortezomib and lenalidomide. On this basis, can guidelines for the treatment of patients with relapsed and refractory myeloma be proposed? The most important recommendation is probably that a careful and comprehensive clinical judgment should be made about three key factors: drugs used in previous lines of therapy and their efficacy, type of relapse, and patient characteristics. A detailed list of the drug combinations used (alkylating agent, IMID, or bortezomib based), with the degree of response obtained and the duration of responses, is critical in order to make decisions about the possibility of retreatment with the same drug or with a combination based on previously sensitive agents, and of avoiding drugs that have shown little or no efficacy and which will only contribute to increased toxicity. The type of relapse is also important, since, in the case of an aggressive relapse, multidrug combinations Editorial


This talk presents a benchmark problem for the simulation of single-phase flow, reactive transport and solid geometry evolution at the pore scale. The problem is organized in three parts that focus on specific aspects: flow and reactive transport, dissolution-driven geometry evolution in two dimensions, and a three-dimensional dissolution-driven geometry evolution including an experimental validation. Five codes are used to obtain the solution to this benchmark problem, including Chombo-Crunch, OpenFOAM-DBS, a lattice Boltzman code, Vortex method, and dissolFoam. These codes cover a good portion of the wide range of approaches typically employed for solving pore-scale problems in the literature, including discretization methods, characterization of the fluid-solid interfaces, and methods to move these interfaces as a result of fluid-solid reactions. Among the discretization methods, one can find finite volumes, Lagrangian methods, grid based methods (stochastic and deterministic). Results from the simulations performed by the five codes show remarkable agreement both quantitatively based on upscaled parameters such as surface area, solid volume and effective reaction rate and qualitatively based on comparisons of shape evolution. This outcome is especially notable given the disparity of approaches used by the codes.

References
[1] S. Molins, C. Soulaine, N. I. Prasianakis, A. Abbasi, P. Poncet, A. J. C. Ladd, V.Starchenko, S. Roman, D. Trebotich, H. A. Tchelepi, and C. I. Steefel,Simulation ofmineral dissolution at the pore scale with evolving fluid-solid interfaces: Review of ap-proaches and benchmark problem set, to appear in Computational Geosciences, 2019.


Objective To study the effects of excessive iodine intake through the meal on the expression of mRNA of placental NIS in pregnant rat and breast NIS in lactating rats. Methods Wistar rats, weaning one month, were randomly divided into three groups according to the body weights, i.e., normal iodine (NI), ten fold high iodine(10HI), one hundred fold high iodine(100HI), the ratio of female and male was 2∶1. Iodine intake of the groups were about 6.15, 61.5 and 615.0 mg/d respectively. After 3 months of treatment, the urine iodine was determined by As-Ce-catalytic spectrophotometry. The rats mated and had offspring. Their placenta and breasts were taken on the seventeenth day of pregnancy and tenth day of lactation respectively. Then NIS mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. Results The urine iodine increased with the increase of the iodine intake. The urine iodine and iodine intake showed the parallel magnification. Compared with the NI group,AR value of the placental NIS mRNA in 100HI group and the breast NIS mRNA in 10HI and 100HI group significantly decreased. Conclusion Excessive iodine intake may down-regulate the expression of the placental and breast NIS, which presents a protective effect on offspring.


In cDNA microarray experiments, the measurement of interest is signal intensity ratio of spots. Each spot have four types of pixel intensities namely red foreground, green foreground, red background and green background. The uncertainty associated with the signal intensity ratio depends on the correlation between pixel intensities of spots. It is important to estimate these correlations of pixel intensities of spots to propagate the uncertainty associated with the intensity ratio as well as to address the systematic errors arise from the chip artifacts. The present study is a review to identify various methods to estimate the correlation of various pixel intensities of microarray spots. Articles published from 1994 to 2015 are searched in various databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Six articles are selected for the review based on selection criteria. We observed that there is very little literature available which deals with the impotence of the correlation between various pixel intensities of microarray spots.


Canakkale is placed in an area that has a strategically importance and divides the continents Asia and Europe and carries its own name in the NW of Turkey. Canakkale has kept the quality of settlement field since 3000 B.C. The area of the province which has lands in both Europe and Asia and its coastline length is 671 km. There is a water famine in the region. Canakkale city center surface area is placed with a size 928 km 2 and increased to 81,435. The most important source of water for Canakkale is Atikhisar Dam and the water that Muslim hadjis brought for goodness. The assurance of satellite images and geometrical corrections and the placement of the satellite images on the map coordinates have been made. In the screen of the satellite view, the airport, the crossroads, the Nara cape, the curling of Atikhisar Dam and Seddulbahir and Mehmetcik cape lighthouse were interpolated and placed on the UTM map coordinates by the help of checkpoints of geographical places. In the evaluation of the changing process of Atikhisar Dam within 10 years time, a comparison between the results of Landsat 5-7 LANDSAT 7 ETM+2001: Enhanced Thematic Mapper +: Panchromatic (0.520 - 0.900 µm, 15 m x 15 m pixel), Multispectral (µm, all 30 m x 30 m) pixel size, 60 m x 60 m, thermal band satellite views and real time values and using by PCI Geomatics Version 9.1 software RS programme.


Roche's Genentech and OSI Pharmaceuticals will pay $67 million (£47m; €60m) to settle claims that they misled doctors by inflating cancer survival data with their non-small cell lung cancer drug erlotinib (Tarceva). The case is the first time the US government has recovered money through the False Claims Act based on a drug manufacturer's misleading statements about its drug's survival data.

The False Claims Act is the US government's instrument of choice for recovering money when it believes that companies have defrauded the public purse. Medical fraud accounted for more than half of the $3.5bn recovered last year. Typically this involved accusations of kickbacks …


A super light material for injection cross-linking blowing molding was developed by blending EVA elastomers and ethylene-acrylate copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (Fusabond).The effects of melt index (MI)and vinyl acetate (VA)of the elastomers and additives of dicumyl peroxide (DCP),blowing agent (ACH),zinc oxide ( ZnO),stearic acid ( St),zinc stearate ( ZnSt )and filler (TA)on the mechanical properties of the material were studied.The results showed when the contents of EVA,Fusabond,DCP,ACH,St,ZnSt and ZnO were 92 phr,8 phr,0.75 phr,2.50 phr,0.40 phr,0.50 phr,and 1.80 phr respectively,the mechanical properties of the material conformed to the standard of Adidas,and the formulation and technology could be applied to the production of the injection molding midsole of Adidas sport-shoe.


With the sustainable development of agricultural science and technology,biotechnology was widely used in crop production.Application and prospect and existing problems of biotechnology in agriculture were summarized.These would provided theoretical base for the production of agricultural science and technology.


This paper reports the study and description of the morphology of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) based on fractal analysis and Minkowski functionals. CNWs were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition in capacitively-coupled plasma (CCP-PECVD), at various power values of the high-frequency discharge. The synthesized samples were studied using atomic force microscopy and the acquired data were analyzed using the Gwyddion 2.55 program, corresponding fractal analysis was carried out using the height–height correlation function and the power spectral density function, in addition, the Minkowski functional, which provides information on the morphology of the CNWs, was plotted.


Knee range of motion restriction in the acute phase after a hip surgery with the lateral approach is commonly seen due to the splitting of vastus lateralis and tensor fascia lata muscles. So joint Range of Motion (ROM) restriction, post surgery, if not dealt with within the healing period, may lead to certain pathological changes leading to permanent disability hampering a person's functional skill. Thus the purpose of the study is to design a specific therapeutic programme for gaining early knee flexion range of motion in the acute phase after a hip surgery. So the older concept of passive stretching should be replaced by novel techniques which will enhance healing and reduce the time required for recovery. This book focuses on the treatment protocol which will overcome these complications through the treatment given to the structures involved.


To achieve an integrated impression of a product it is important to encompass all five senses. Otherwise, the perception of the product may be misleading and total impression fails. Previous research has focused on visual properties; this study concentrates on haptic properties. Haptics, based on the sense of touch, is active and explorative, since the skin, muscles and joints function together to obtain information. It is the sense of product form, weight, grip span, resistance, the use etc. The interview study aims to map and reflect the level of awareness and knowledge of haptic properties in current product development. Generally, the interviewees were not familiar with this concept but they did work with specific haptic properties.


Background. Infertility is an emerging health issue for men. Comparative efficacy of different pharmacological interventions on male infertility is not clear. The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy of various pharmacological interventions among men with idiopathic male infertility. All randomized control trials evaluating the effectuality of interventions on male infertility were included for network meta-analysis (NMA) from inception to 31 April 2020, systematically performed using STATA through the random effect model. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020152891). Results. The outcomes of interest were semen and hormonal parameters. Treatment effects (p < 0.05) were estimated through WMD at the confidence interval of 95%. Upon applying exclusion criteria, n=28 RCTs were found eligible for NMA. Results from NMA indicated that consumption of supplements increases sperm concentration levels [6.26, 95% CI 3.32, 9.21] in comparison to SERMs [4.97, 95% CI 1.61, 8.32], hormones [4.14, 95% CI 1.83, 6.46], and vitamins [0.15, 95% CI −20.86, 21.15)] with placebo, whereas the use of SERMs increased percentage sperm motility [6.69, 95% CI 2.38, 10.99] in comparison to supplements [6.46, 95% CI 2.57, 10.06], hormones [3.47, 95% CI 0.40, 6.54], and vitamins [−1.24, 95% CI −11.84, 9.43] with placebo. Consumption of hormones increased the sperm morphology [3.71, 95% CI, 1.34, 6.07] in contrast to supplements [2.22, 95% CI 0.12, 4.55], SERMs [2.21, 95% CI −0.78, 5.20], and vitamins [0.51, 95% CI −3.60, 4.62] with placebo. Supplements boosted the total testosterone levels [2.70, 95% CI 1.34, 4.07] in comparison to SERMs [1.83, 95% CI 1.16, 2.50], hormones [0.40, 95% CI −0.49, 1.29], and vitamins [−0.70, 95% CI −6.71, 5.31] with placebo. SERMs increase the serum FSH levels [3.63, 95% CI 1.48, 5.79] better than hormones [1.29, 95% CI −0.79, 3.36], vitamins [0.03, 95% CI −2.69, 2.76], and supplements [−4.45, 95% CI −7.15, −1.76] in comparison with placebo. Conclusion. This review establishes that all interventions had a significantly positive effect on male infertility. Statistically significant increased sperm parameters were noted in combinations of zinc sulfate (220 mg BID), clomiphene citrate (50 mg BID), and testosterone undecanoate and CoQ10; tamoxifen citrate and FSH were shown to improve the hormonal profile in infertile males.


This paper describes a high-frequency pair trading strategy that exploits the power of MarketMiner, a high-performance analytics platform that enables a real-time, market-wide search for short-term correlation breakdowns across multiple markets and asset classes. The main theme of this paper is to discuss the computational requirements of model formulation and back-testing, and how a scalable solution built using a modular, MPI-based infrastructure can assist quantitative model and strategy developers by increasing the scale of their experiments or decreasing the time it takes to thoroughly test different parameters. We describe our work to date which is the design of a canonical pair trading algorithm, illustrating how fast and efficient backtesting can be performed using MarketMiner. Preliminary results are given based on a small set of stocks, parameter sets and correlation measures.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been intensively studied since their discovery more than two decades ago. A lot of research has exploited their extraordinary properties and various applications, meanwhile, revealed the challenges of fabricating the CNT-based device. Major challenges concern the high temperature required for the CNT growth, and the difficulty in handling and maneuvering the CNTs. An innovative approach to overcome these challenges is to locally synthesize and directly assemble CNTs into devices. Following such approach, this thesis developed a fabrication process with a high simplicity, a high controllability, and a CMOS/MEMS compatibility for the local synthesis and direct integration of CNTs into Si microsystems. This thesis covers the total process chain: from synthesis and integration of CNTs, to characterization, and to testing of a proof-of-principle gas sensor. The first key finding of this thesis is a simple and robust method to control the temperature for the growth of CNTs by using only electrical signals. During the growth process, a localized hot region for the growth of CNTs is created by locally heating a Si microelectrode (Joule heating). The induced temperature is monitored through in-situ measurements of the electrical resistance of the Si electrode. The measured resistance provides feedback to control the input power for heating the Si electrode. This pure electrical control enables a simple, automated and parallel process to synthesize locally and integrate CNTs directly into microsystems. The second key finding of this thesis is the diameter dependency for the effect of an applied electric field on the growth orientation of CNTs. A statistical analysis of 1100 CNTs showed that small-diameter CNTs (d < 5 nm) were straight and well-aligned with the applied electric field, whereas the large-diameter CNTs (d > 10 nm) were curved and did not align. In the transition regime, CNTs were moderately curved, but the average direction was at small angle with the electric field direction. The third key finding of this thesis is the correlation between local temperature and resulting characteristics of CNTs. A high gradient of temperature along the Si microelectrode due to Joule heating allowed for studying the effect of temperature. At the region where the temperature is highest (∼900oC), the nanostructure of CNTs had the highest degree of order, and the average diameter of CNT was smallest. At regions with lower temperatures, CNTs had a higher degree of defects and disorder, and a lower average diameter. The density of CNTs, however, was highest at the moderate-temperature region (∼850oC). The other contribution of this thesis is preliminary results on the development of CNT-based microsystems towards sensor applications. The preliminary results suggest that: (i) contact resistance at the CNT-Si interface could be reduced by both techniques of local annealing and local deposition of Platinum onto the CNT-Si contacts; (ii) thermal evaporation of metals could be used to functionalize the CNTs in a microsystem where CNTs are suspended and span two microelectrodes.


The present study is an attempt to know the Seasonal Distribution and Periodicity among the Aquatic Fungal Flora From Madan sagar pond of Distt, Mahoba (U.P.) during November 2016 to December 2017. On critical examination, identification and purification of aquatic fungi, some members of Phlyctidiaceae, Rhizidiaceae, Cladochytridiaceae,Chytridiaceae, Megachytridiaceae, Blastocladiaceae, Saprolegniaceae, Pythiaceae and Moniliaceae were reported. Maximum number of fungal species was recorded during rainy season i.e Saprolegnia diclina, Rhizophydium sp., Nawkowskiella elegans and Saprolegnia sp., while lowest number of fungal species was observed in summer i.e. A. cornuta, A. oligicantha, Allomyces arbuscula, Blastocladiopsis parva, Lamonniera cornuta, L. aquatica, Protoachlya species, R. herderi, R. petersenii, S. anisospo ra and Spirosphaera sp. but in autumn season had only rare or few occurrence. Among all of them Achlya klebsianna showed maximum frequency and A. cornuta, A. oligicantha, Allomyces arbuscula, Blastocladiopsis parva, Lamonniera cornuta, L. aqutica, Protoachlya species, R. herderi, R. petersenii, S. anisospora and Spirosphaera sp. , showed minimum frequency.These recovered fungi were purified and isolated on YPSS and YPG cultured medium then examined and identified with various relevant literature.


— Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) of sheet metals is an area where industry can focus due to the extensive opportunities available for automated manufacture of sheet metal parts. Single point incremental forming, sheet metal part is formed in a step by step mode by a CNC guided; rotating, spherical tool without using a supporting die. It is a method to deform the sheet metal into different shapes such as straight groove, cup and cone shaped parts with variable wall angles. It is used for the expansion of small scale batches and reform products at a relatively lower cost. So the process is eminently recommended for fast prototyping implementation, but the slowness of the process is a major disadvantage that prevents industries from applying it on a larger scale. SPIF is an advanced technological process, industrial and manufacturing applications mainly in the aerospace and automobile sectors. The objective of this present work is to analyse the SPIF process of Inconel 625 sheets through Forming Limit Diagram and its optimization using response surface methodology. The Inconel blank sheet is clamped in a fixed blank holder and the form describes the contour of the desired geometry controlled by a regular CNC machine. The Forming Limit Diagram FLD of Inconel 625 sheets are plotted. The sheet when formed at 600 rpm and 0.6 mm vertical step depth shows higher major true strain values. Optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology.


Gynandromorphy as an abnormal mixture of sex-specific traits of males and females in an individual is wide spread among the Chironomidae (Martin and Lee 2000). Gynandromorphy could be caused by mutation in the mitosis regulating genes, which creates an abnormal puzzle of "genetically masculine" and "feminine" body parts, or by other factors like Mermithidae (Nematoda) parasites (Martin 1994). Gynandromorphs can be categorized based on morphology and relationships between "male" and " female" parts of the body. Basically they could be divided in 3 groups: a) anteroposterior gynandromorphs – with anterior and posterior parts of the body possessing traits of different sexes; b) lateral – with body possessing different sexes traits on the left and right sides; c) mosaic – with sexual traits creating a sophisticated puzzle where wings and limbs can be attributed to the phenotypes of different sexes (Martin 1994, Rempel 1940). Studies of gynandromorphs are important for understanding Chironomidae sex determination mechanisms and evolution of the group.


Simple Summary A phase 3 IMbrave150 trial showed that atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination therapy had an improved survival benefit over sorafenib. An excellent direct anti-cancer effect, including progression-free survival and objective response rate, was also observed with this combination therapy. It also showed very favorable effects in patients who had poor prognoses, with main portal vein invasion, tumor occupancy ≥50%, or biliary tract invasion. The liver function was determined through the albumin–bilirubin score, which was well-maintained throughout the treatment period. Patients reported excellent outcomes in terms of quality of life. With these favorable features, the treatment paradigm for hepatocellular carcinoma was drastically changed by atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination therapy. This was especially observed in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, where cancer-free and drug-free status was achieved through the switch to a curative therapy such as resection, ablation, or curative transarterial chemoembolization. This review covers these important issues in this paradigm shift, in addition to recently raised and debated issues, such as its response to tumors with WNT/β-catenin mutations and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Abstract Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination therapy was approved worldwide for use in 2020. A 30% objective response rate with 8% complete response (CR) was achieved in a phase 3 IMbrave150 trial. Here, the change in the treatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination therapy is reviewed. The phase 3 IMbrave150 clinical trial was successful because of the direct antitumor effect of bevacizumab, which shifted the suppressive immune microenvironment to a responsive immune microenvironment, in addition to its synergistic effects when combined with atezolizumab. The analysis of CR cases was effective in patients with poor conditions, particularly tumor invasion in the main portal trunk (Vp4), making the combination therapy a breakthrough for HCC treatment. The response rate of the combination therapy was 44% against intermediate-stage HCC. Such a strong tumor-reduction effect paves the way for curative conversion (ABC conversion) therapy and, therefore, treatment strategies for intermediate-stage HCC may undergo a significant shift in the future. As these treatment strategies are effective in maintaining liver function, even in elderly patients, the transition frequency to second-line treatments could also be improved. These strategies may be effective against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma and WNT/β-catenin mutations to a certain degree.


Located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Zhujiang River, Guizhou Province is one of the provinces carrying out the National Natural Forest Conservation Project It is also one of the major gene pool areas and one of the famous producing areas of medicinal materials in China The development and conservation of forest resources is not only significant for protecting environment and biological diversity but also important to the economic development of Guizhou and even the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Zhujiang River According to forest data collected in 1979, 1984, 1990, 1995, and 2000 by the Institute of Forestry Survey and Design of Guizhou Province, this paper provides detailed information about the dynamic changes of forest resources and concisely explains the factors arousing these changes In general, Guizhou's forest resources decreased rapidly from the late 1970s to the late 1980s; but since 1990, they have steadily increased (1)The forestry land keeps almost unchanged since 1984; the major types of forests expanded considerably, especially the protective forest, economic forest and specific forest; timber forest increased with some fluctuation, while sparse forest and non forest land decreased (2) The growing stock of living forests has had a trend of increase since 1984; the growing stock of major types of forests decreased from 1979 to 1990, but began to increase thereafter (3) The area and growing stock of planted forests increased rapidly; natural forests also showed a trend of expanding, and their growing stock began to rise after 1990 (4) Young age forests grew quickly both in area and in growing stock; mid age and over mature forests showed a trend of decreasing in area and growing stock from 1979-1990 but a trend of increasing since 1990 The percentage of young age forests decreased, while that of mid age and mature and over mature forests increased (5) As for the composition of forest resources, the proportion of timber and fuel forests has lowered, while that of shelter, specific and economic forests increased (6)Since 1990, thanks to the implementation of several ecological and sustainable development projects in Guizhou, its forest resources have grown enormously, and the ecology and environment greatly improved


This monograph reports several experiments carried out at the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) covering topics from sampling to data processing. The link among them is survey cost-certainly a broad enough umbrella. The sequence of presentation follows the chronological development of a survey with an introduction, two chapters on sampling, two on field techniques, three on interviewers, two on data processing, and one on project scheduling. The intended audience for the monograph is professional researchers familiar with basic survey techniques. If they are also familiar with the literature, they will recognize at least 5 of the 11 chapters. What seems unusual is that previously published work is not specifically referenced except for general acknowledgment of it in the preface. The first area discussed is quota sampling. Since tight quota controls are exercised over the interviewer, Sudman calls the sampling technique "probability sampling with quotas" because "it is very close to traditional probability sampling." I feel that sampling purists will not be convinced by such arguments, and sampling pragmatists do not need the prestigious word "probability" to be convinced of the technique's efficacy.


Following hemi-resection of the rat distal femoral epiphysis with its growing epiphyseal cartilage, the cut surface of the cartilage is sealed-off by trabecular bone and the cells fail to undergo further growth and maturation at that site. However, since the peripheral rows of cartilage cells survive and continue to proliferate, the cellular activity gradient causes the epiphyseal remnant to rotate about the fixed cut surface of the cartilage toward the amputated side. In these experiments, the degree of epiphyseal rotation following partial amputation was compared to the longitudinal growth of the contralateral intact femurs in normal and estrogen-treated rats. While estrogen treatment retarded both the growth of intact femurs and epiphyseal rotation, the ratios of these growth measurements calculated at different time intervals following osteotomy (0–4, 4–7, 7–9 weeks) were identical to those of the control series. It was concluded that partial amputation per se had no demonstrable effect on the vitality of the surviving chondrocytes of epiphyseal cartilages; moreover, these cells were entirely responsive to the growth depressing action of estrogen.


This paper revisits Gurson's [1,2] classical limit-analysis of a hollow sphere made of some ideal-plastic von Mises material and subjected to conditions of homogeneous boundary strain rate (Mandel [3], Hill [4]). Special emphasis is placed on successive approximations of the overall dissipation, based on a Taylor expansion of one term appearing in the integral defining it. Gurson considered only the approximation based on the first-order expansion, leading to his well-known homogenized criterion; higher-order approximations are considered here. The most important result is that the correction brought by the second-order approximation to the first-order one is significant for the porosity rate, if not for the overall yield criterion. This bears notable consequences upon the prediction of ductile damage under certain conditions.


The recent development in smart material-based actuators are composite structures of thin film integrated SMA/PI bimorph in the view of actuator cum sensing in electromechanical systems for medical, robotics, and aerospace application. The purpose of the present work on integrated SMA/PI bimorph is to reveal their ability to perform as actuators and sensors and study on control characteristics for soft robotic, positioning, and valve applications. Vide this research paper, the SMA bimorph actuator [thin film SMA (CuAlNi)/polyimide (Kapton) bimorph] is used as actuator cum sensor for position control. Proposed a Proportional Derivative combined Variable Structure Controller (PD-VSC) to control the displacement by Joule heating actuation in two ways, which are sensor-based control and self-sensing control. From the control characteristics in from of tracking and disturbance rejection, it is concluded that the integrated CuAlNi/Kapton bimorph can be successfully implemented for soft robotic, positioning, and valve applications.


Polluted drainage water from a dump of toxic chemical waste containing organophosphoric pesticides and their natural degradation products was treated with electrochemical oxidation in order to investigate the applicability of the technique in remediation of natural complex polluted water. The dump is located adjacent to the sea in sand dunes, the natural salinity of the investigated water was 0.7/w% and sodium chloride served as main electrolyte. A commercial available flow cell with a tubular design, Ti/Pt90-Ir10 anode, and 316 SS cathode was applied, and the electrolysis experiments were conducted in a batch recirculation experimental set-up. COD measurements showed that the overall oxidation of organic and inorganic substances followed first order kinetics by the current densities investigated, 310-1131 mA cm , and the COD removal rate increased by increased current density and to a minor extent by increased salinity up to 2.0 /w%. The target organic pollutants parathion, methyl-parathion, malathion, ethylaminoparathion, paraoxon, and several phosphoric triesters were all degraded during the treatment except O,O,O-triethylphosphoric acid, a compound formed during the electrochemical process with a highly stable low energy structure, rendering it recalcitrant to participate in the oxidation reaction. The degradation of the subjected organics was found to be caused by indirect oxidation by the hypochlorous/hypochlorite pair as the main oxidizing agent, produced by the anodic oxidation of chloride. The study has showed that electrochemical chloride mediated indirect oxidation is a relevant, neat and possible solution for the remediation of organophosphoric pesticide polluted natural water.


PURPOSE: To simply record the memorandum of important parts to be remembered in a telephone conversation such as telephone numbers, addresses, and the route independent of the place or state of taking a handset on the handset telephone set with memorandum function especially recording the important parts in a phone call for cord telephone sets, cordless telephone sets, and handy telephone sets. CONSTITUTION: In the handset telephone set with memorandum function recording the important parts during a telephone conversation on a recording medium 10, a switch 1 for memo is provided at a part easy to handle and operate on the handset, recording the communication voice only when depressing the switch during the conversation. The telephone set is also provided with a switch 2 for reproduction to be depressed so as to listen to the content recorded earlier in the recording medium 10, so as to listen to the voice recorded by the switch 1 and reproduced by the switch 2 from the handset. The system is also provided with a voice character conversion circuit 3 converting the recording voice reproduced by the switch 2 into characters and a display section 4 displaying the converted characters. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


The obtain of the boron compounds from Ulexite which is one of the most important ores of Turkey is important. In this study, optimization of dissolution of ulexite by pure CO 2 was investigated in aqueous media under pressure in according to Taguchi method. Temperature, particle size, solid-to-liquid ratio, reaction time and pressure were chosen as parameters for the studies carried out in a high pressure-high temperature reactor. After dissolution experiments, optimum conditions for the dissolution of ulexite were found as 75 g/300 g water (A 1 ) for solid-to-liquid ratio, 15 bar (B 3 ) for CO 2 pressure, 80 ℃ (C1) for temperature, 60 min (D 3 ) for time and -150µm (E 1 ) for particle size. The solutions obtained under optimum conditions were dried using a spray drier. Further, after the solution was concentrated, it was crystalized by cooling, and the crystals were filtered and dried. Chemical analyzes exhibited that the products obtained in both cases are sodium pentaborate ( Na 2 B 10 O 16) with different water contents.


Objective To improve the curative effect of microsurgery on parasagittal meningioma. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 67 parasagittal meningiomas. Results Simpson Grade Ⅰ resection was achieved in 24(35.8%), Grade Ⅱ in 37(55.2%) and Grade Ⅲ in 6(9.0%). 2 patients died after operations. In the rest of patients, 1 developed hemiparalysis and 1 paralysis of both lower extremities. 48 patients were followed up for 1 to 5 years, only with 5 recurrences. Conclusion Efficient management of operative bleeding, application of microsurgical techniques, protection of the sagittal sinus, avoidance of damages to cerebral cortex, veins of central sulcus as well as other draining vein are the important factors to improve the rate of surgical resection and overall outcomes in patients with parasagittal meningiomas.


The Relationship Between the Physician and the Dying Patient: A Qualitative Analysis by Ori fjzvieiij B.A. (University of California, Berkeley) 1994 A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Health and Medical Sciences in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Andrew Scharlach, Chair Professor Guy Micco Professor Meredith Minkler Spring 1998


NHS under Siege. The Fight to Save it in the Age of Covid, by John Lister and Jacky Davis. Merlin Press.


The method to determine the ovalenes in uncovered oil of hydrocracking was introduced in this paper. high polynuclear aromatics were extracted and separated by solvent extraction from the uncovered oil of hydrocracking,3-stage solvent extraction and LEAC separating technology were adopted and quantities and qualities were measured with Mass spectroscopy IR spectroscopy ultraviolet spectroscopy.


Artemia nauplii are the best initital food for most fish larvae. Feeder fish, Artemia nauplii, contain the ingredients necessary for the survival of aquatic organisms during critical periods of early postembryonic ontogenesis. Thus, it is important to improve the biotechnology of Artemia cultivation in artificial ecosystems.
Materials and Methods. In the course of the study, various illumination modes were used, namely, 1.5; 2.5 and 4 klx to determine the most effective one.
Results. Various illumination modes affect Artemia development in different ways. The most effective illumination mode at the stage of embryonic development and the initial stages of postembryonic ontogenesis was 4 klx.


Modelling and simulation of industrial systems have become a conventional method for productivity improvement through optimizing design, operation, performance and troubleshooting. This paper analyses the current Shearcut process flow through modelling and simulation. A case study research was undertaken at a steel processing company that transform steel coils into sheets, plates, slits, tubes, blanks and various roofing products. Two models were created using Arena software. The models were a representation of the process flow found in the Shearcut warehouse. The first model was developed from data obtained from production records and time studies that were carried out on some of the operations. Bottleneck stations and non-value adding operations were identified. The second model was created with some improvements that included reduced non-value adding times. Results from the second model had an improved output. This paper contributes to the use of computer simulation as a tool to improve productivity.


Phyllite and quartzite, probably Precambrian, trend meridionally and dip steeply in the New River Gorge above the
junction with the Salisbury River in southern Tasmania. Further upstream an association of silty dolomite and conglomerate is
less deformed and may be younger. Siliceous conglomerate boulders occur in the New River below the gorge. Late Ordovician
carbonates of the Gordon Group are exposed in the New River valley just above the junction with the Salisbury River and up the
Salisbury to Vanishing Falls, above which a sheet of Jurassic dolerite seems to have been intruded along the unconformity
between the Ordovician rocks and almost horizontal Late Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks of the Parmeener Supergroup.


The study describes changes in the dependency ratio (Population 0-14 and 65+/ Population 15-64) in sub-Saharan Africa since 1950 in an international context, its determinants (fertility, mortality, migration) and possible consequences on economic growth (the demographic dividend). It investigates in particular the effect of HIV/AIDS and HAART on the dependency ratio. Overall, dependency ratios increased in Africa from 1950 to 1985 following mortality decline and fertility increase, then decreased since 1985. HIV/AIDS seems to have had only a marginal effect on dependency ratios. A simulation model indicates that mortality decline from 30 to 70 years of life expectancy could induce a 22% increase in the dependency ratio, a fertility decline from 7 to 2 children per woman could induce a 54% decline in the dependency ratio, and a very severe HIV epidemic with 25% of adults infected (45% of those aged 15-49) a 12% increase, which could be almost entirely reversed by HAART. In 5 cases studies of countries with moderate to severe HIV epidemics, there was no convincing evidence of any effect of HIV on dependency ratios. In empirical regression models, the effect of HIV on the dependency ratio was mild (+0.022 out of a baseline of 0.892) for an average 10% HIV prevalence, an effect consistent with that of the simulation model. In regression models, the effect of dependency ratios on economic growth was mild and negative after 1980. Altogether, the HIV/AIDS epidemic did not seem to have any marked effect on the age structure and on economic growth in Africa.


The volume's introduction sets out key theoretical vectors in a refreshingly unencumbered style: popular versus official religions; orthodoxy, heterodoxy, and syncretism; domination, agency, and resistance; personal conversion versus social change; race, gender, and postcolonialism; and globalization and transnationalism, just to name a few. Once the terms of analysis are in place, the book moves on to description.The categories selected by the editors for the whirlwind tour are appropriately encompassing: Indigenous Religions, Colonial Encounters, Religions of the African Diaspora, Independence and Modernity, Protestantism in Latin America, Postconciliar Roman Catholicism, and Contemporary Religious Diversity and Change. Each section consists of two chapters: first, the editors' introduction to the key issues at stake and to selected sources in which those issues are especially visible, and then a chapter composed of original sources and representative secondary sources. This two-step format cues the reader as to the pertinent issues to come and the reasons they matter, before approaching original documents that vary widely in rhetorical style, perspective, epistemology, and standards of evidence. This approach works beautifully. It yields an unlikely harmony from what could have been a cacophony and makes the volume a genuine pleasure to read.


3. In theology, the care and superintendence which God exercises over his creatures. He that acknowledges a creation and denies a providence, involves himself in a palpable contradiction; for the same power which caused a thing to exist is necessary to continue its existence. Some persons admit a general providence, but deny a particular providence, not considering that a general providence consists of particulars. A belief in divine providence, is a source of great consolation to good men. By divine providence is often understood God himself.


Noroviruses are causative agents o f epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. They are highly contagious and are primarily spread by direct human contact, or through food or water. Despite the acknowledged public health importance o f these viruses, little is known about their occurrence, removal or inactivation during sewage treatment, or their fate in environmental receiving waters. Noroviruses are particularly resistant to chlorination, and limited molecular data suggest they can be abundant in treated sewage effluents released into receiving waters. Norovirus quantification presents a challenge because the viruses are not easily grown in cell culture, but studies have demonstrated the potential o f real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantity noroviruses in sewage effluent, shellfish, and drinking and surface waters. This study evaluated methods o f concentration and RNA extraction for the detection o f norovirus in sewage effluent samples from the James River Treatment Plant in Newport News, VA, USA. Sewage samples were concentrated by ultracentrifugation and viral RNA was extracted using the Qiagen RNeasy Mini Kit. Spiking experiments demonstrated a detection limit o f 1.5 x 104 norovirus genome copies 20 ml"1 sewage effluent. Norovirus was not detected in the collected sewage effluent samples. This study also included in situ and in vitro experiments designed to investigate the influence o f insolation, water temperature, and salinity on the inactivation o f norovirus in estuarine water. Additionally, the inactivation o f FRNA coliphage, a proposed indicator for enteric viruses, was analyzed to determine if norovirus and FRNA coliphage persistence was similar. Inactivation rates were calculated for the two viruses under experimental conditions, and 95% confidence intervals were estimated to determine if inactivation rates varied significantly between the two viruses in response to environmental factors. In situ and in vitro experimental data suggested that FRNA coliphage was inactivated significantly faster than norovirus. Although light and water temperature had a significant effect on FRNA coliphage inactivation, norovirus inactivation rates varied little in the in situ experiments. In vitro experimental data suggested that increased water temperature and salinity do not consistently lead to higher virus inactivation rates; however, taken together, the in situ and in vitro experimental data suggested that high insolation and salinity have the potential to increase norovirus inactivation rates. The findings o f this study suggest that FRNA coliphage is not a suitable surrogate for norovirus in estuarine water. An evaluation of norovirus persistence in estuarine water and of methods for its detection in treated sewage effluent


Summary form only given. The use of IT in the processes is already a reality, since the current market requires professionalism from the organizations in the matters related to the technological advances as a competitive edge. In this sense, the determination of the critical success factors (CSF) becomes fundamental, in order for the administrators define their priorities of information. The work here proposed, aims at identifying the CSF in the Informatics Administration of one of the most innovative enterprises of the world, based on a qualitative research, and also evaluate the degree of development of the information technology (IT) that the enterprise finds itself in. The enterprise, which is a multinational, continuously invests in the informatics area, so that it can supply the subsides to the productive and the administrative areas.


High-quality tree resources available in Mangtou National Forest Park were introduced.Five vegetation groups like Pinus bungeana,Populus davidiana Dode,Betula alba,Quercus liaotungensis and Prunus davidiana were observed.Three types of forest landscape were discussed.New landscape planning were suggested in order to protect and utilize the high-quality tree resources.


Overseeding seashore paspalum with either perennial ryegrass, Poa trivialis or a mixture of the two was successful in experiments in the desert Southwest.


The region of high plasma density may be formed with the streamer configuration, when the dense plasma injects into the coronal local region with open magnetic field. In the present paper, the observation features of the coronal transient of material injected into streamer are summarized. Then, we solve the unsteady, two-dimensional gasdynamical equations. The similarity solutions are given for the typical flow field. The flow features and the profiles of thermodynamical quantities of the similarity solutions agree qualitatively with the observation features of the coronal transient of the material injected into streamer. Finely, different configurations of the coronal transient may be explained by the densed plasma injecting into different configurations of magnetic field, and this idea may apply to classify the coronal transient into different kinds.


Water on Mars Underlying the rationale for the search for extant water on modern Mars is the assumption that surface features record a history of flowing water. The strongest evidence for past water comes from the outburst flood channels which clearly document episodes of fluid escape and erosion, and long-distance sediment transport, largely in the Hesperian (pre 3.0 to 3.5 Ga according to revised Neukum and Hartmann dating). Additional evidence comes from sapped valley networks in the Noachian, individual sapped channels at other geological times, and from the geologically recent gullies of Malin and Edgett. The contacts originally identified by Parker are also often interpreted as evidence for a Boreal Ocean. In short, there is ample observational evidence for fluid-related features on Mars and conventionally Occam's razor has been wielded in favour of water-based models despite some embarrassing paradoxes such as the lack of surface carbonates. Yet it should never be forgotten that water on Mars is an assumption, and one that does not match well with present surface conditions.


The objective of this study was to determine the functional response of the predator Phytoseiu!us persimilis Athias-Henriot fed on Tetranychus urticae koch larvae, nymphs and adults at different densities. A logistic regression of the proportion of prey consumed as a function of initial prey density was conducted to identify functional response types, and used nonlin ear \east-squares regression and the random predator equation to estimate attack rates and handling times. Overall, adult females P. persimilis exhibited a type 2 functional response to T. urticae. Whereas, attack rate (a) and handling time (T11 ) of !'. persimilis recorded 0.1722, 0.5034 and 0.4776 and 1.4699, 2.1133 and 3.051 when offering larvae, nymphs and adults of T urticae respectively.


Dignity: Its History and Meaning By Michael Rosen. Harvard University Press. 2012. £16.95 (hb). 200 pp. ISBN: 9780674064430

The author, Michael Rosen, is a British political philosopher who is currently a professor at Harvard University. The book evolved from a series of lectures he produced


Magnetorheological (MR) fluid is one of the field-responsive fluids that is of interest to many researchers due to its high yield stress value, which depends on the magnetic field strength. Similar to electrorheological (ER) fluid, the combination of working modes is one of the techniques to increase the performance of the fluids with limited focus on MR fluids. In this paper, a novel MR testing cell incorporated with valve, shear and squeeze operational modes is designed and constructed in order to investigate the behaviour of MR fluid in combined mode. The magnetic field distribution in the design concept was analyzed using finite element method in order to verify the effective areas of each mode have the acceptable range of flux density. The annular gap of valve and shear were fixed at 1 mm, while the squeeze gap between the parallel circular surfaces was varied up to 20 mm. Three different coil configurations, which were made up from 23 SWG copper wires were set up in the MR cell. The simulation results indicated that the magnetic field distributed in the squeeze gap was the highest among the other gaps with all coils were subjected to a constant applied current of 1 A. Moreover, the magnetic flux densities in all gaps were in a good range of magnitude based on the simulations that validated the proposed design concept. Hence, the 3D model of the MR testing cell was designed using Solidworks for manufacturing processes.


Recent advances of highly efficient solar cells based on organic-inorganic halide perovskites have triggered intense research efforts to establish the fundamental properties of these materials. In this work, we utilized diamond anvil cell to investigate the pressure-induced structural and electronic transformations in methylammonium lead iodide (CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_3$) up to 7 GPa at room temperature. The synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiment show that the sample transformed from tetragonal to orthorhombic phase at 0.3 GPa and amorphized above 4 GPa. Further high pressure IR spectroscopy experiments illustrated the high pressure behavior of organic (CH$_3$NH$_3$)$^+$ cations. We also analyzed the pressure dependence of the band gap energy based on the optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) results. Moreover, all the observed changes were fully reversible when the pressure was completely released. Our in situ high pressure studies provide essential information for the intrinsic properties and stability of organic-inorganic halide perovskites, which significantly affect the performance of perovskite solar cells.


A Kalman filter has been applied to two years of Global Positioning System (GPS) common-view data on a monthly basis for the time link between SP the Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Sweden and the Observatoire de Paris, France. The Kalman estimates for the time link were compared to data extracted from the Circular T, issued by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), France. The BIPM estimates are based on a Vondrak smoothing of the common-view data and values for the time link are available every fifth day, at standard dates. A third method, based on two-day averages around standard dates, was then compared to the above methods. It is shown that all three methods agree within 1 ns at standard dates, if the international GPS tracking schedule issued by the BIPM was routinely followed.


1.Introduction Today, most conventional wearable stereoscopic displays, such as liquid crystal shatter glass, HMD, and so on suffer the practical problem of covering a large part of the wearer's face, so that in daily use, they hinder normal communication with surrounding people. Some naked eye stereoscopic displays such as LCD with a lenticular lens array have been proposed, but they have limited viewpoints and narrow fields of view. We propose a new type of head-mounted projector (HMP), named X'talVisor(fig.1) as an ideal tool for future VR collaborative environments. The X'talVisor is a head mounted type display with a large field of view, yet covers little of the wearer's face, so true "face to face" communication is not hindered by the display.


Introduction: Stroke is a major cause of disability, often leads to "After Stroke Depression" (ASD) in many cases, and has substantial adverse effects on the stroke survivor's Quality Of Life (QOL). These two factors may have mutual interaction with each other. This study aimed to examine the association between ASD and QOL in people with stroke. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 participants (21 men and 19 women) mean age of 61.5 years (SD = ± 3.5 years) were evaluated at an average of 8.7 ± 3.5 months after stroke. The relationship between ASD and QOL was examined in a cross-sectional study on the subjects with more than 6 months after stroke. Participants were those who attended the outpatient clinics of two rehabilitation centers in Tehran. QOL was assessed using the Short- Form Health Survey (SF-36) and mood using the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: The prevalence of depression was 70.4%. The participants with depression demonstrated significantly lower quality of life. There was a significant negative correlation of ASD and QOL (r = -0.81) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A significant proportion of the subject with stroke attending the rehabilitation clinics showed depression that adversely affected their QOL.


See related article, pages 751–760

Despite the many therapeutic breakthroughs in cardiovascular science, ischemic coronary and peripheral vascular diseases are still a major health problem throughout the world, and many patients do not respond or are not candidates for available medical and/or surgical treatments. Recently, identification of adult progenitor cells capable of contributing to tissue regeneration has raised the possibility that cell-based therapy could be used for the repair of ischemic heart or limb. There is compelling evidence that circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a role in tissue repair after a myocardial infarction, and higher levels of circulating EPCs are predictive of better short and long-term outcomes.1 EPCs were initially described as a subset of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells that coexpress vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), also known as Flk-1 or KDR. VEGFR-2–positive cells derived from embryonic stem cells can differentiate into both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, reproducing the vascular organization process.2 Smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs) were identified more recently and reported to be present in bone marrow, circulating blood, vascular adventitia, and other tissues.3,4 Both EPCs and SMPCs can be mobilized by stromal cell–derived factor-1, a chemokine whose expression increases in response to tissue hypoxia based on regulation by the transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1,5 suggesting that EPCs and SMPCs may play pivotal roles in repairing injury to the vascular network. In addition, several cell types, including bone marrow cells, embryonic EPCs, and mesenchymal stem cells, have been tested in vivo for their effect on restoring blood supply and/or muscle function in ischemic heart and limbs. The …


In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to combine aircraft routing and crew scheduling problem with the consideration of multiple types of fleets where a crew can only fly the specific type of fleet. This method effectively manages the aircraft and crew because it takes aircraft maintenance into account. A rolling horizon technique is used to capture the uncertainty of demand. The qualitative analysis indicates that unscheduled maintenance posts big impacts on the schedule and results in high operation cost. Special routing and scheduling strategy is provided to reduce the impact from unscheduled maintenance to improve aircraft safety and utilization. The computational results on the real data show that significant benefit can be obtained from the proposed strategy.


Based on the research of Weibull proportional hazards model,the test interval is calculated which takes the acceptable failure rate as constraints.Because the utilization of equipments is affected by multiple attributes such as test expense,failure risk and operational availability,stop duration and other factors,a weighted project compromise method is used to establish a multi-attribute test interval decision-making mode to realize the optimal decision-making of state test interval under multi-factor conditions.Finally,the applicability of the model is validated with the analysis of examples.


We study the three-dimensional Georgi-Glashow model to demonstrate how magnetic monopoles can be studied fully non-perturbatively in lattice Monte Carlo simulations, without any assumptions about the smoothness of the field configurations. We examine the apparent contradiction between the conjectured analytic connection of the `broken' and `symmetric' phases, and the interpretation of the mass (i.e., the free energy) of the fully quantised 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole as an order parameter to distinguish the phases. We use Monte Carlo simulations to measure the monopole free energy and its first derivative with respect to the scalar mass. On small volumes we compare this to semi-classical predictions for the monopole. On large volumes we show that the free energy is screened to zero, signalling the formation of a confining monopole condensate. This screening does not allow the monopole mass to be interpreted as an order parameter, resolving the paradox.


Please note that Common Council and the City's Senior Staff will be holding a retreat on Friday, January 30, 2015 from 1:00 pm to 5:00 p.m. in Common Council Chambers, City Hall, 108 E. Green Street, Ithaca, NY 14850. The order of business will be discussion of the City's Strategic Themes, departmental programs, 2014 accomplishments, and the creation of performance measures. This is a work session and public speaking will not be entertained. If you have a disability that will require special arrangements to be made in order for you to fully participate in the meeting, please contact the City Clerk at 274-6570 at least 48 hours before the meeting.


The indicated in the title of this paper vibration problem concern the ferroconcrete slab – type industrial ceilings. The presence of unilateral constraints which my arise as a result of construction damages is taken into consideration. As an example, it is analysed a construction of a ceiling in shape of a rectangular slab supported on a regular net of columns and a non deformed solid, being a model of a machine, placed on the construction. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This study evaluated the feasibility of integrating amorphous magnesite and bentonite clay (composite) as an alternative technology for removing arsenic from industrial effluents. The removal of arsenic from industrial effluents by using magnesite–bentonite clay composite was carried out in batch mode. The effects of equilibration time, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate concentration, and pH on removal of arsenic were investigated. The experiments demonstrated that ≈100% arsenic removal is optimum at 30 minutes of agitation, 2 g of adsorbent dosage (2 g: 100 mL, S/L ratio), and 20 mg L−1 of arsenic concentration. The adsorption data fitted well to both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, hence proving monolayer and multilayer adsorption. The kinetic studies revealed that the data fitted better to a pseudo-second-order reaction than to a pseudo-first-order reaction, hence proving chemisorption. At optimized conditions, the composite was able to remove arsenic to below World Health Organization water quality guidelines, hence depicting that the composite is effective and efficient in removing arsenic from contaminated water. Based on that, this comparative study proves that the composite is a promising adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for arsenic and can be a suitable substitute for the conventional treatment methods.


Abstract With the increasing power of the charging pile, the heat dissipation requirements of the charging pile are higher and higher. In this article, the liquid cooling heat dissipation system is used to dissipate the heat of the double charging pile, and the Lyapunov nonlinear control algorithm is used to control the temperature and compensate the unknown heat load. The mathematical model of double charge pile loop cooling system is established and simulated by Simulink. The results show that the designed nonlinear control strategy has the advantages of fast response and small steady-state error.


Bacterial community plays a vital role in the open-oceanic aquaculture ecosystem, and its stability is crucial for maintaining the health of mariculture fish. However, there are no reported studies on microbial communities in the culture environment of marine fish cages. In this study, bacterial community composition and diversity of seawater and sediment habitats from 5 large yellow croaker cage farms were first investigated by 16S rRNA-based high-throughput sequencing. The composition of bacterial communities was visualized at the phylum and genus levels. Meanwhile, biological and ecological functions were also predicted. The bacterial diversity observed at 3 inshore sampling sites was higher in seawater groups than that in sediment groups. The alpha diversity indices were influenced by the geographic location, especially the inshore site Yueqing (YQ), showing higher values than other sampling sites. The pathogenic bacteria were prevalent in the aquaculture environments, and probiotics showed a relatively low proportion by comparing the potential pathogens. Our study provides baseline data on bacterial communities and diversity in the open-oceanic environments of cage-culture large yellow croaker.


Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a metaheuristic algorithm applied to optimize many cloud-computing problems. Task scheduling is a critical problem in the cloud computing that needs to be optimized. Several research studies have been conducted to improve cloud-computing task scheduling using PSO algorithms. This paper analyzes this work in terms of its objectives and orientation. Finally, it identifies the key areas that require further research.


The invention relates to a games system for terminal units with exchange of games via interfaces with access control. Said terminal units (6, 8, 14, 18) are equipped with display and memory devices. Game programmes and game data are stored in a memory of a central computer (2) and the terminal units are connected with said central computer via an interface. The stored game programmes and game data are read from the central memory for each terminal as needed and stored in the corresponding memory device. An evaluation and access control unit (4) is connected to the central computer (2) or memory via an interface and detects the game programmes and game data stored in the central memory. This unit also detects the read operations for storage in terminal units and controls same operations.


Most machines in an assembly line are not working on equal cycle times, therefore, the power consumption rating could be of interest, if a buffer is present, eliminated, oversized or undersized during the conception phase. Such pre build analysis is made with the help of emulation of machine in virtual engineering environment. The available useful engineering data, from the virtual environment can be used in a planning and decision support tool such as discrete event simulation. Moreover, machine control is enabled to accommodate the variations in production demands, particularly for the energy consumption when it is physically available on the shop floor. A method is suggested to rate the machine in virtual engineering and then fine tune the cycle time in discrete event simulation to articulate the inventory within the mutually deployed stations. The method has been practically applied and tested in an automotive case successfully.


The Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) of Malaysia introduced the Return to Work (RTW) Program in 2007 which is a comprehensive multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation program for its Insured Persons who are experiencing disability due to accidents in the workplace or those claiming for invalidity. This rehabilitation program is unique as it involves the concept of "disability management" in which each Insured Person who is referred to the program, is assigned to a Disability Case Manager who is actively involved throughout the return to work process. Up to date (December 2013), 11,090 workers were motivated to participate in the SOCSO RTW Programme, and this requires many work processes, countless paper-work and massive physical files and document management. Due to this massive information flow, the demand for a more efficient information system is needed. From the beginning, the whole idea was to create an accessible, quick and user-friendly application. The application is now used by the SOCSO RTW Department in managing their information. This application was built on an open source platform which can be access through the internet. It is also a "learning application" where it uses its historical data to assist the case managers to generate standard rehabilitation plans and forecast possible return to work outcomes. The beauty of such application is that it is easily replicated, configurable (email notifications, reminders, etc) to meet the needs of the case managers in various jurisdiction. The scope of the application can also be easily defined to meet the size of an enterprise using the application. With better management of information, this application has contributed in reducing processing time, repetitive paperwork, minimal storage areas and almost real-time flow of information in the SOCSO's RTW Case Management system. Apart from that, the application now stores a wealth of information such as rehabilitation strategies for various disability or illnesses or demographic backgrounds.


Based on the example analysis of a certain grand hotel's extension project,the newly increased constructional element node,and the mode of failure and the stress performance of the profile steel node were analyzed.The connecting format of the node and the strut function of the newly increased constructional element were related and analyzed in detail.The load of newly increased constructional element and intension of profile steel node were calculated.


The invention discloses a method for immobilization treatment of high-salinity petroleum production wastewater by embedding mixed strains. The method is as follows: the separation and purification are performed through the screening of high-salinity target carbon source bacteria; the first rescreening of prevailing strains, which aims to degrade COD in the high-salinity petroleum production wastewater, is performed; the obtained prevailing strains are placed into the actual high-salinity petroleum production wastewater for acclimatization; the acclimatized prevailing strains are separated to perform the second rescreening which aims to degrade the COD in the high-salinity petroleum production wastewater, and prevailing strains obtained after a plurality of screenings are subject to the combination treatment to produce best mixed high-efficient bacteria; blank particles are embedded to produce the best gel concentration; the concentration of a cross-linking agent CaCl2 is determined under the condition of the best gel concentration; pH values of the gel and the cross-linking agent are determined; the amount of embedded high-efficient mixed bacterial liquid is determined; and the embedding cross-linking time and the proportion of the embedded particles and the wastewater are determined, and particles used to embed microorganisms are prepared and then are directly added into the wastewater for treatment. The method is simple, convenient and easy, and saves the cost.


BEE CULTURE 41 Breeding Mite-Bi ng Bees To Control Varroa Introduction. Despite the general recognition among beekeepe r s and bee researchers that Varroa mites are the number one risk factor for honey bee colony mortality, a look at the Bee Informed Partnership national surveys tells us that most beekeepers are hobbyists and most of them do nothing to control for Varroa mites in any given year, and those that do not control mites have much higher colony losses (2010-2014). There are some non-chemical practices that beekeepers use that help control mite levels such as introducing a break in the brood cycle by splitting colonies and re-queening, or the use of screened bottom boards. There are also some commonly used mite control practices that research has shown are ineffective, for example the use of comb with small cell sizes (Zhou et al. 2001; Taylor et, al. 2008; Ellis et al. 2009; Berry et al. 2010; Coffey et al. 2010; Seeley and Griffi n 2011). One important non-chemical strategy for sustainable beekeeping is use of mite-tolerant honey bee stocks. Progress in se lec t ing for resistance to Varroa has been slow but there is evidence that the bees have begun their own fi ght against the mites. Some queen breeders are trying to help bees in this fi ght by incorporating lines of bees that have been subjected to natural selection by surviving without miticide treatment, such as Russian bees imported to North America by the USDA (Rinderer et al. 2010). Another approach is to select for specifi c traits that are effective at lowering mite populations. A study in Europe found that colonies with low mite populations had damaged mites falling from the bees (Moosbeckhofer 1992) and other studies have suggested that grooming behavior is important for resisting mite infestation, as it is in the mite's original host, the Asian honey bee (Peng et al. 1987; Boeking and Spivak 1999; Mondragon et al. 2005). However the benefi t of using the proportions of damaged mites as selection criteria has been questioned (Rosenkranz et al. 1997). Varroa-sensitive hygiene (VSH) was discovered as an important mite resistance mechanism by measuring the growth of Varroa populations in many colonies with queens that came from different sources (Harbo and Harris 1999; 2005). The VSH trait has been effectively incorporated into breeding lines and VSH queens are commercially available (Rinderer et al. 2010). A similar study with another set of queens showed that in those colonies grooming behavior was the trait that was most closely associated with reduced mite levels. Highergrooming colonies also were more likely to bite the mites (ArechavaletaVelasco and Guzmán-Novoa 2001). At least two other studies also showed a link between grooming behavior and the proportion of chewed mites falling from colonies. Cages of bees that removed a higher proportion of mites from themselves in a lab assay had fewer mites left on the bees, and the proportion of mites removed correlated with the proportion of damaged mites on sticky boards from the source colonies (Andino and Hunt 2011). Another study looked at four pairs of allegedly mite-tolerant and mite-susceptible lines from different populations. In each comparison, the more resistant stocks had more vigorous and effective individual grooming behavior when a mite was put on worker bees, and had higher proportions of chewed mites falling from the source colonies (Guzman-Novoa et al. 2012). This means that when bees are selected for low mite population growth they tend to be better groomers. Genetic studies identifi ed regions of honey bee chromosomes and candidate genes that infl uence both of these complementary resistance traits but using DNA markers to select for good resistance genes is not very practical in our opinion (Tsuruda et al. 2012; Arechavaleta-Velasco et al. 2012). Even after confi rming an individual gene's effect on a trait, the value of selecting based on DNA or protein markers would be limited because other unknown genes also infl uence these traits so you would only increasing the frequency of some of the "good genes." It seems that at least for now the best way forward is to select based on the trait itself.