We demonstrate scintillation analysis from a network of geodetic Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers which provide data at 1‐second resolution. We introduce proxy phase (σTEC) and amplitude (SNR4) scintillation indices and validate them against the rate of change of TEC index (ROTI) and S4. Additionally, we validate scintillation observations against a Connected Autonomous Space Environment Sensor scintillation receiver. We develop receiver‐dependent scintillation event thresholding using hardware‐dependent noise variance. We analyze 6 days adjacent to the 7–8 September 2017 geomagnetic storm, using 169 receivers covering magnetic latitudes between 15° and 65° in the American longitude sector. We leverage the available spatial sampling coverage to construct 2‐D maps of scintillation and present episodic evolution of scintillation intensifications during the storm. We show that low‐latitude and high‐latitude scintillation morphology match well‐established scintillation climatology patterns. At midlatitudes, spatiotemporal evolution of scintillation partially agrees with known scintillation patterns. Additionally, the results reveal previously undocumented midlatitude scintillation‐producing structures. The results provide an unprecedented view into the spatiotemporal development of scintillation‐producing plasma irregularities and provide a resource to further exploit scintillation evolution at large spatial scales.


Although Carving of the Literary D ragon has always been well-known to beabook of iiterary comments, the internal literary is included in the external c omm ents, and there are both adequate contents and remarkable characteristics of lit erary history in the book. Literary history from ancient times to the Dynasties of Jin and Song is contained in the comments on the type of writing, literary ch anges and writers and works.A literary history is showed and described enough and a literature of history is evaluated and explained entirely. Making history and comments together and having no special history is the featur e of ancient Chinese literature, and that is its advantage but not disadvant age.


1057 Abstract: An important function of the ectomycor- rhizal sheath may be the storage and delayed trans- location of nutrients to the host. In order to deter- mine whether there are such phases, we quantified seasonal change in phosphorus content in sheaths of Cenococcum geophilum-Pinus strobus (white pine) ec- tomycorrhizae. Our field site was a mixed deciduous forest in northern, lower Michigan. White pine nee- dle and root growth, and density of C. geophilum scle- rotia were determined weekly. Ectomycorrhizae were collected biweekly, as were buried meshes that served to index hyphal growth. Phosphorus content of sheaths of ectomycorrhizae was measured by energy- dispersive X-ray analysis of planed, frozen material. From May to Jun 1994, sheath P content declined 0.9%/d. From Jul to Oct sheath P content was low and varied little; C. geophilum hyphae grew, but nee- dles and roots did not. The following spring from Mar to May 1995, sheath P content increased 1.2%/ d. We suggest, on the basis of synchrony of changes


Infrared (IR) and visible images are heterogeneous data, and their fusion is one of the important research contents in the remote sensing field. In the last decade, deep networks have been widely used in image fusion due to their ability to preserve high-level semantic information. However, due to the lower resolution of IR images, deep learning-based methods may not be able to retain the salient features of IR images. In this article, a novel IR and visible image fusion based on IR Features & Multiscale Dense Network (IR-MSDNet) is proposed to preserve the content and key target features from both visible and IR images in the fused image. It comprises an encoder, a multiscale decoder, a traditional processing unit, and a fused unit, and can capture incredibly rich background details in visible images and prominent target details in IR features. When the dense and multiscale features are fused, the background details are obtained by utilizing attention strategy, and then combined with complimentary edge features. While IR features are extracted by traditional quadtree decomposition and Bezier interpolation, and further intensified by refinement. Finally, both the decoded multiscale features and IR features are used to reconstruct the final fused image. Experimental evaluation with other state-of-the-art fusion methods validates the superiority of our proposed IR-MSDNet in both subjective and objective evaluation metrics. Additional objective evaluation conducted on the object detection (OD) task further verifies that the proposed IR-MSDNet has greatly enhanced the details in the fused images, which bring the best OD results.


In this work we present a circuit model of coupled cavity semiconductor laser. The model is based on the two axial coupled semiconductor rate equations. The results obtained by this circuit model and the analysis of the rate equation in the small signal regime are discussed showing good agreement between both models.


In order to improve the properties of phenolic foam (PF), 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) was introduced in the structure of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), and DOPO grafte...


According to many conditioning accounts of clinical anxiety, the central pathogen can be found in aberrant acquisition or extinction of learned fear to neutral stimuli (i.e., conditioned stimuli [CS]) paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). While overresponding to the CS is an important candidate source of anxiety pathology, both clinical observation and mounting experimental data implicate generalization of fear to stimuli resembling the CS as an equally promising candidate (e.g., Grillon & Morgan, 1999; Lissek et al., 2005; Lissek et al., 2010; Mineka & Zinbarg, 1996). Important to the current issue on ''Trauma and Memory,'' generalization of fear to stimuli resembling those present during a traumatic event is a core feature of the posttraumatic stress response (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and is likely influenced by conditioning-dependent modifications to the neural representation of the CS stored in memory. The current paper (1) summarizes the connection between conditioned-fear generalization and pathologic anxiety including a recent empirical example demonstrating the link and (2) explores memorial substrates of conditioned generalization and the ways they are related to overgeneralization of the kind seen in anxiety pathology.


The development objective of the Road Corridor Transport Sector Project of Mauritania is to improve, on the one hand living conditions of the inhabitants of the area, but secondly to ensure: (i) the development and exploitation of economic potentials through including access to areas of production; and (ii) the harmonious development of the territory by opening up areas of the boundaries. There are no large-scale, significant, and/or irreversible impacts associated with this road widening and rehabilitation project. However, there are adverse issues such as: 1) health problems (HIV/AIDS contamination risks), air dust pollution; 2) sewage issues that may worsen locally owing to waste production generated by the construction operation; 3) waste production generated by the construction operation may pollute surface and underground water, which would have negative impacts on population and on fauna; 4) appearance of sand on the road and in its surroundings owing to wind erosion created both by nature and by human activities; 5) temporary noise caused by civil works, which may have a negative impact on local fauna, mainly birds; and 6) destruction of animal habitat.


This paper discusses general properties of Cartan subalgebras in filtered p-algebras of depth 0. It also describes the orbits of Cartan subalgebras in the maximal p-subalgebra of the general Lie algebra of Cartan type W() with respect to the group of admissible automorphisms. Bibliography: 7 titles.


It is essential that a thorough reproductive history is taken before a physical examination of a mare's genital tract is performed. Infertility may be the result of a previous reproductive event, such as lJ_terine infection, dystocia, or perineal trauma, or an anatomic deficiency such as poor vulvar conformation. The history should include the number of foals the mare has produced, the years in which she has been bred, and abnormalities at parturition such as dystocia, stillbirth, or retained fetal membranes. If there is a history of retained fetal membranes, how was it resolved (oxytocin or traction, intrauterine therapy)? Is there evidence of early embryonic death, twinning or reduction of twins, or abortion? If the mare has aborted, was the cause determined (twinning, infectious agents, age, etc)? Could abortion be related to endometrial fibrosis? It is also helpful to collect information regarding the mare's reproductive behavior and the incidence, frequency, and duration of behavioral estrus throughout the physiologic breeding season.


This paper presents an intelligent method to extract the maximum power from the photovoltaic panel using artificial neural network (ANN). The inputs data required for training the ANN controller are obtained from real weather conditions and the desired output is obtained from perturb and observe (P&O) method. The proposed model is capable to improve the dynamic response and steady-state performance of the system, provides an accurate identification of the optimal operating point and an accurate estimation of the maximum power from the photovoltaic panels. The proposed ANN model is compared with conventional P&O model and shown that ANN controller could increase the power output by approximately 20%. The system is simulated and studied using MATLAB software.


In recent years, more and more attentions have been paid to the research of producing solar grade silicon by the metallurgical method,boron removal has always been difficult and important in various technologies. In this paper the recent research on removing boron is summarized. The boron removal is calssfied by the different forms of boron in removing boron: gaseous-boron removal, solid-boron removal and electrorefining-boron removal. The principle and outcomes of each boron removal craft are survered and compared, the possible application prospect is predicted. KeywordsMetallurgical grade silicon; solar grade silicon; gaseous-boron removal ; solid-boron removal ; electrorefining-boron removal


Coalition formation is an important aspect of multiagent systems because it enables agents to achieve goals more efficiently or goals they cannot accomplish individually. In this paper we consider an approximate method based on neural networks to estimate two important values used for dividing the payoff of a coalition, namely the Shapley value and the nucleolus. We try several neural network topologies and different training algorithms and evaluate the behavior of an especially designed multiagent system when the payoff values are computed by exact and approximate methods.


Relevance: Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a minimally invasive, non-contact electrosurgery method. This procedure is performed
in the following conditions: bleeding in hollow organs, including ulceration after radiation therapy, Barrett's esophagus, with the germination of a malignant tumor through a stent, benign neoplasms, precancerous conditions, some malignant tumors at the earliest stages. In this
ДИАГНОСТИКА
Онкология и Радиология Казахстана, №3 (69) 2023 33
Прозрачность исследования: Авторы несут полную ответственность за содержание данной статьи.
Конфликт интересов: Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Финансирование: Авторы заявляют об отсутствии финансирования исследования.
Вклад авторов: вклад в концепцию – Батырбеков К.У.; научный дизайн – Батырбеков К.У.; исполнение заявленного научного
исследования – Галиакбарова А.А.; интерпретация заявленного научного исследования – Батырбеков К.У.; создание научной
статьи – Батырбеков К.У.
Сведения об авторах:
Батырбеков К.У. (корреспондирующий автор) – PhD, руководитель Центра экспертной эндоскопии и интервенционной
радиологии ТОО «Национальный научный онкологический центр», Астана, Республика Казахстан, тел.: +77074744980,
e-mail: email@example.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4837-0775;
Галиакбарова А.А. – врач-эндоскопист Центра экспертной эндоскопии и интервенционной радиологии ТОО «Национальный
научный онкологический центр», Астана, Республика Казахстан, тел.: +77172702911, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com,
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9588-0025.
Адрес для корреспонденции: Батырбеков К., ТОО «Национальный научный онкологический центр», ул. Керей и Жанибек ханов 3,
Астана 0100000, Республика Казахстан.
article, the authors present the first and successful experience of the use of APC in Kazakhstan during endoscopic interventions in patients
with various pathologies.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the introduction of APC as an endoscopic treatment in patients with precancerous pathology and complications of surgical treatment in oncological patients.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of the use and effectiveness of AIC was carried out in 15 patients with various pathologies who were
on inpatient treatment at the National Research Oncology Center (NROC, Astana, Kazakhstan) during 2022.
Results: Barrett's esophageal APC was successfully performed in the NROC hospital in 6 patients, no signs of intestinal-type metaplasia
of the esophageal epithelium were detected in the biopsy material. Two patients with post-radiation hemorrhagic proctitis underwent coagulation in Pulse 15Wt mode and argon flow of 0.4-1.0 L/min. A patient with the GAVE syndrome with hemorrhages underwent 2 sessions of
APC in 35Wt mode with a gas flow of 0.8 L/min. In 3 patients with fistulas of the suture of the main bronchus, coagulation was performed
after pulmonectomy and closure of the fistula was observed for 1 week. Two patients with esophagoenteroanastomosis failure underwent
2 sessions of APC using 40-watt argon with an interval of 5 days. After anterior rectal resection, the patient had a failure of anastomosis with
a multi-chamber cavity and the presence of purulent contents. 4 courses of APC were conducted with an interval of 2 weeks, after the APC,
the mouth of the main chamber narrowed, the discharge of pus stopped, as a result, there was a blind pocket up to 2.0 cm without additional
chambers and signs of inflammation.
Conclusion: The presented article describes the results of the introduction of APC as an endoscopic method of treating patients
with various pathologies in an oncological clinic, and based on these results, APC can be recommended for widespread implementation
throughout Kazakhstan.


A modified ESPRIT algorithm is presented by spatial smoothing technique to solve the problem of signal estimation in the presence of multipath environment of mobile communication, and a method to estimate the number of multipath signals is given. Simulation results indicate that compared with ESPRIT estimating direction of arrival (DOA) via rotational invariance techniques, the proposed algorithm performs well not only for independent signals but also for coherent or highly correlated signals, and has features of high resolution and low computational complexity.


Stability analysis of miscible displacement has several applications in industries such as oil recovering and ground water tables. In this article an analytical solution is presented based on Tan and Homsy's results for stability analysis in t = 0. Moreover, a novel semi analytical solution is used, based on weighted residual method, to solve the Fourier space equations. The results are shown as σ (disturbance growth rate) – k (wave number); profiles for different values of mobility ratios and times. A comparison with the results of the other researches is also presented.


This paper considers an infinite horizon investment-consumption model in which a single agent consumes and distributes his wealth in two assets, a bond and a stock. The problem of maximization of the total utility from consumption is treated. State (amount allocated in assets) and control (consumption, rates of trading) constraints are present. It is shown that the value function is the unique viscosity solution of a system of variational inequalities with gradient constraints.


The work is devoted to the study of the impact of sanctions on the development of modern Russian IT technologies. The purpose of the work is a theoretical analysis and discussion of the hypothesis about the possible positive impact of sanctions on the development of modern Russian IT technologies. In connection with the departure of reputable participants in the IT sector from the Russian market and in the absence of competition, Russian technologies have been given the opportunity to freely introduce new developments in Russian business. Russia can show itself as a strong country, which in the shortest possible time was able to give a worthy response to sanctions and realize its potential in IT technologies. The author's position is substantiated by expert and statistical data from Cnews, Gartner, Rosstat on the development of this sector in Russia and the world. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the development of modern Russian IT technologies was influenced by the sanctions pres


M.F. CONNOLLY Academyfi>r the Advancement of'Science and Technology Bergen County Academies, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601 This paper describes the analysis of socio-economic factors in correlation to standardized educational test scores. The scores used were from the Elementary School Proficiency Assessment exam distributed to fourth graders in New Jersey during the years 1999. 20012003 [1-4]. The socio-economic factors arc from the 2000 United States Census [5]. Simple rq,,rrcssion and other statistical equations were used to compare the data from both sources with Microsofi Lffcl as a programming tool to perform the analysis. Introduction The Greek philosopher Pythagoras believed that numbers were the basis for understanding our existence, or certain aspects of our existence. He suggested that mathematics told the story of life and that through comprehension of their connection, we could better understand ourselves and our lifestyles. Aristotle frequently wrote about the Pythagoreans. In his Metaphysics, he wrote," ... the Pythagoreans, who were the first to take up mathematics, not only advanced this study, but also having been brought up in it they thought its principles were the principles of all things." [ 6] 167 The Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations Volume 7 (2004) 167 182


In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to predict the pressure-settlement and pressure-tilt characteristics of eccentrically-obliquely loaded footings using the hyperbolic stress-strain curves of soils as nonlinear constitutive laws. The analysis is developed for strip footing. Stresses in the soil mass were obtained using the theory of elasticity. It is capable of incorporating the effect of shape, base roughness, and flexibility of footings. The results are obtained for the rigid strip footing resting on clay for load inclinations of 0°, 10°, and 20°, and eccentricity width ratios of 0, 0.1, and 0.2. The values of ultimate pressure obtained using the double-tangent method were found to decrease with the increase in eccentricity and inclination of load, and its comparison with the work of previous investigators showed good agreement.


[ 1 ] Six coupled GCMs are assessed in terms of their ability to simulate observed characteristics of East African rainfall, the Indian Ocean dipole and their temporal correlation. Model results are then used to analyze the future behaviour of rainfall and the DMI. All models simulate reasonably well the spatial distribution and variability of annual and seasonal rainfall over the 1961– 1990 period. Model simulation of observed DMI characteristics is less consistent with observations, however, five models reproduce similar correlations to those observed between the DMI and East African short rains (SON). In the future, there are no clear inter-model patterns of rainfall or DMI behaviour. In this sample of models four (two) out of six simulate modest increases (decreases) in annual rainfall by the 2080s. For SON, three of the six models indicate a trend towards increasingly positive phase of the DMI, two indicate a decrease and one shows no substantial change. Citation: Conway, D., C. E. R. Doherty, and A. Persechino (2007), GCM simulations of the Indian Ocean dipole influence on East African rainfall: Present and future, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 34 , L03705, doi:10.1029/ 2006GL027597.


In this article, we present the feasibility of an antenna concept at the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band for a two-channel 61 GHz transceiver in embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) technology. The eWLB is an innovative package solution for high-frequency and high-performance applications. We present both simulation and measurement results of antennas which are integrated in the thin-film redistribution layer (RDL) of an eWLB package. Two λ/2-dipole antennas are used for transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX). The package including the antennas is soldered on a RF board in order to measure radiation pattern and scattering parameters (S-parameters). The measured isolation between two antennas is -25 dB and they have a return loss of -26 dB. The observed gain of a single antenna is about 8 dBi and the antenna input impedance bandwidth is 5 GHz. We investigate the impact of package size on the antenna radiation pattern. We present the analysis of the antenna-package interactions and determine the optimum distance of the antennas in package to the reflector on board.


Molecular dynamics simulation techniques have been applied to study the monoclinic and cubic phases of cyrstalline F2. Dynamical properties are analyzed by calculating the velocity autocorrelation functions and their associated power spectra. From the resulting phonon densities of states, thermodynamic properties are derived and compared with experimental data.


Aims. As a part of the project aiming to build a homogeneous sample of binary-lens (2L1S) events containing brown dwarf (BD) companions, we investigate the 2021 season microlensing


Objective To understand the principles of RSD and discuss the way to deal with it.Methods 38 stroke-hemiplegia patients were departed randomly into rehabilitation group and control group.Everyone were evaluated through global perceived effect(GPE)、visual analog scale(VAS) and ROM scale.The CHISS statistical software had be used.Results The improvement of rehabilitation group is better than the control group statically,and in each group,there are better improvement than before.Conclusion It showed that the vicious circle of events,which includes the shoulder secondary tissue damage pain and abnormal sympathetic nerve system,are maybe the key course inducing RSD.The treatment should be painless and can adjust sympathetic nerve system.


OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical effect of integrated Chinese and Western medicine on Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS Data of fifty-two patients(62 eyes)with TAO were collected from 1999 to 2000 and their clinical manifestations were summarize and analyzed.Patients of 0-3 rank were treated by Chinese herbs alone under the principle of shuganjieyu(疏肝解郁)and xingqihuoxue(行气活血).Patients of 4~6 rank were treated by huoxuehuayu(活血化瘀)and huatansanjie(化痰散结),and sometimes combined with glucocorticoids,amethopterin or Cyclophosphamide.RESULTS Twenty-six eyes are significantly effective(41.9%),28 eyes are effective (45.2%)and 8 eyes are ineffective(12.9%)in 52 patients(62 eyes).CONCLUSIONS Don′t use glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs at will for mild illness,only use Chinese herb and some supporting treatment,follow-up survey and observe the changes of illness.But we can use glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs for serious illness.This way can decrease the side effect of west medicine.TAO treated by integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine can control the development of illness,improve the clinical effect and decrease the complications.


Method for producing a newspaper (7, 8, 9) comprising at least one section (3, 4, 5), which is formed by at least one sheet (1) printed folded in half, comprising the following steps: a) continuously conveying sheets (1) individual printed sequentially, which are intended for the formation of the notebooks (3, 4, 5) individual newspaper (7, 8, 9), towards a first collecting station and placing the sheets (1) one above the other (collected), which are assigned to a common section (3, 4, 5) to form a sheet stack (2); b) conveying a sheet stack (2) finished out of the first collecting station (10), wherein a first sheet (1) of another section (3, 4, 5) is supplied to the first station collecting (10) while or after the sheet stack (2) above has been carried out from the first collecting station (10); c) folding the sheet stack (2) finished for the manufacture of a section (3, 4, 5); d) deposit section (3, 4, 5) in a second collecting station (12) such that it comes located, if necessary, a binder (3, 4, 5) already deposited; and e) where appropriate, repeating steps a) to d) until all the sections (3, 4, 5) of the newspaper (7, 8, 9) are finished and are placed one above another to form a stack notebooks (15).


Introduction Kinetic modeling of biological processes has been a very active research area for many years in PET and it is starting in SPECT too. Quantitative kinetic analysis of dynamic cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data provides unique information that can enable improved discrimination between healthy and diseased tissue, compared to static imaging. In particular, compartmental model analysis can provide quantitative measures of myocardial perfusion, viability, and coronary flow reserve. Conventional kinetic parameter estimation is carried out after a previous reconstruction of a dynamic sequence of 3D images from complete projections acquired in relatively short times. Kinetic parameters are then obtained by fitting compartimental kinetic models to time-activity curves generated by overlaying regions of interest on the temporal sequence of reconstructed images. Since dynamic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data acquisition involves gantry motion and the distribution of radiopharmaceutical changes during the acquisition, projection data at different angles come from different tracer distributions. Images reconstructed from these inconsistent projections can contain artifacts that lead to biases in the estimated kinetic parameters. To overcome this problem, several groups are researching the estimation of time-activity curves estimation and kinetic parameters directly from projection data, modeling the spatial and temporal distribution of the radiotracer inside the field of view. Reutter at al. presented recently the extension of their work to fully 3-D single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) image reconstruction by extending the support of spatial B-spline basis functions into the time dimension. In their last work they obtained estimates of time-activity curves for the left ventricular blood pool and myocardium directly from projections for a human dynamic 99mTc-sestamibi cardiac SPECT/CT study. The present work presents a new approach for the 4D reconstruction algorithm for dynamic SPECT in a parallel ray geometry based on B-splines including attenuation map from CT and geometry efficiency correction. In this work we make use of 4 piecewise piecewise quadratic temporal splines and a reconstruction algorithm based on the iterative maximization of Poisson likelihood. Results on a Tecnetium (99mTc-Teboroxime) canine study are shown.


Recently, the issues of evaluating the quality of building structures and predicting their reliability are becoming increasinglyimportant, especially for the construction of industrial facilities of the old fund. Powerful mathematical methods are beingdeveloped to evaluate the performance of structures and predict their reliability, but there are no automated computer systemsfor such analysis. At present, programs for the determined calculation of structures have been developed, which implementmethods for the resistance of materials, theoretical and construction mechanics, but they do not provide an opportunity to determineand predict reliability, especially objects of the old fund. The methods of the classical reliability theory combinedwith the methods of statistical modeling are used in the work, which requires the use of modern IT technologies methodswith the development of appropriate software systems


This study aims to reveal the meaning in the language used in pleasure-filled advertisements which are related to lifestyle. The concept of pleasure refers to hedonism which means prioritizing happiness and avoiding sadness or suffering. Ads about body care, travel and shopping are used as the subject of study. Using the analytical method of semiotic sign map of Charles Sanders Peirce, which consist of icons-indexes and symbols, this study analyzes the advertisements on Facebook and Istagram offering lifestyle from September through December 2020. Analysis is based on Baudrillard's hyperreality and consumerism combined with the study of leisure time, hedonism and lifestyle. As the result, this research has identified terms used in verbal language of the advertisements i.e 'lawan tanda penuaan', 'menyamarkan', 'mencerahkan', 'serasa', 'book now fly later', 'gajian', 'saatnya belanja'. Meanwhile, non-verbal signs consist of travel accommodation, lodging, blue sky, plants and temples in Bali. The analysis found that the advertising language leads to forgetting or getting away from real conditions and does not offer happiness itself. Pleasure capitalism is the heart of the advertisements offer. The conclusion of the research has shown that Semiotic sign system in the advertisements has became to maximize hyperreality.


The paper analyses the thematic structure of two inaugural speeches of Nigerian past leaders using Halliday and Matthiessen's formulation of the lexicogrammatical feature of Theme located in the textual metafunction in systemic functional grammar. It specifically focuses on the speakers' strategies of fronting certain lexical items clause-initially to construe certain meanings in favour of others. For instance, the choice of unmarked theme where the subject conflates with the theme are more prevalent in utterances where the speakers would want to take credit for positive actions and audience acknowledgement, or where they would want to assign modal responsibility to their audience for negative actions, while marked theme seem to feature more in cases that are indeterminate, illusive and less than likely to be realizable goals. These choices serve as ideological tools aimed at legitimating the hegemonies of the power elite in order to manufacture the consent of their electorate. The work concludes that the textual metafunction realized in the lexicogrammatical feature of Theme serve as a resource for speakers to manipulate meanings to suit their ideological ends and calls for critical language awareness which locates the work within the critical discourse analysis (CDA) research paradigm. Keywords: Theme, textual metafunction, critical discourse analysis, power, ideology, critical language awareness, topical theme, marked theme, unmarked theme


A chaos expanded Fourier split‐step method is derived and applied to a narrow‐angle parabolic equation. The parabolic equation has earlier been used to study deterministic settings. In this paper we develop a spectral‐based Fourier split‐step method that will take a limited degree of information about the environment into account. Our main focus is on proposing an efficient method for computational electromagnetics in stochastic settings. In this paper we study electromagnetic wave propagation in the troposphere in the case when the refraction index belongs to a uniform distribution.


The warehousing time and quality of the fruits are greatly influenced by the warehousing environment factors. Therefore, it has crucial significance for the fruit warehousing environment to carry out multi-parameter monitoring and analyze the parameters collected and then make the regulation and control. Currently this paper presents the environmental factors effected on the fruits warehousing quality and traditional means of protection and proposes a multi-parameter monitoring system based on WiFi. In addition, it designs the hardware structure of the system monitoring node, describing in detail the function of various interfaces and sensors and analyzing the fruits warehousing monitoring system structure based on WiFi, working process and software design. This paper provides a more practical solution for fruits warehousing monitoring and control.


The objective is to study the barrier properties as a function of the physical state of hydrophobic films made of solid-liquid mixtures by differential scanning calorimetry as well as their structural morphology by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy


One of the factors that led to the Modernising Medical Careers (MMC)/Medical Training Application Service disaster of 2007 was the discrepancy between the numbers of applicants and the actual number of posts available for appointment. In its submission to the Tooke enquiry, the Workforce Review Team stated that 'workforce planning needs to be at the core of any changes to a medical career structure (and that) in general this should be demand, not supply, led'. In an attempt to predict opportunities for general surgery over the next five years we have estimated demand from numbers of consultant appointments advertised and supply from numbers of specialist registrars (national training numbers (NTNs)).


Contents: Preface. Part I: Marriages That Create Stepfamilies--Why Do They Occur? Fail? Succeed? D. Popenoe, The Evolution of Marriage and the Problem of Stepfamilies: A Biosocial Perspective. M. Coleman, Stepfamilies in the United States: Challenging Biased Assumptions. L.A. Kurdek, Remarriages and Stepfamilies Are Not Inherently Problematic. N.D. Glenn, Biology, Evolutionary Theory, and Family Social Science. Part II: How Do Stepfamilies Function as Childrearing Organizations? E.M. Hetherington, K.M. Jodl, Stepfamilies as Settings for Child Development. P.R. Amato, The Implications of Research Findings on Children in Stepfamilies. E. Thomson, "Settings" and "Development" From a Demographic Point of View. N. Zill, Understanding Why Children in Stepfamilies Have More Learning and Behavior Problems Than Children in Nuclear Families. Part III: How Do Stepfamilies Function as Sources of Support? L. White, Stepfamilies Over the Life Course: Social Support. T.M. Cooney, Conceptual and Methodological Issues in the Study of Stepfamilies Over the Life Course. D.P. Hogan, Stepfamilies: Selectivity of High-Risk Persons or Risk State? J.A. Seltzer, Intergenerational Ties in Adulthood and Childhood Experience. Part IV: Building Research and Policy Agendas--What Is Needed? J. Brooks-Gunn, Research on Stepparenting Families: Integrating Disciplinary Approaches and Informing Policy. M.M. Mahoney, Reformulating the Legal Definition of the Stepparent-Child Relationship. M.A. Fine, Social Policy Pertaining to Stepfamilies: Should Stepparents and Stepchildren Have the Option of Establishing a Legal Relationship? P.L. Chase-Lansdale, Policies for Stepfamilies: Crosswalking Private and Public Domains. J. Dunn, A. Booth, Stepfamilies: An Overview.


The recovery of the aviation sector, which resulted in a global industry profit of US$18 billion in 2010, was hampered by new challenges during fiscal year 2011. Political unrest in many parts of the Middle East and North Africa, and the effects of the tragic earthquake and tsunami in Japan had a dampening effect on demand in certain regions. During the same period, the price of oil increased by 45 percent to a new average of US$129 per barrel, which resulted in a massive increase in the operating costs of most carriers. Despite these challenges, passenger air travel volumes continued to grow, as load factors improved. Air cargo, on the other hand, remained well below expectations with weak demand, reflecting a continued slump in world trade. Meanwhile, growth in passenger demand varied greatly between regions. The strongest increases occurred in Latin America, catalyzed by the Brazilian domestic market, and in the Middle East, with the continued expansion of global carriers in the United Arab Emirates. These regions were followed by Europe, which was able to build its long-haul traffic to East Asia, as well as developing intra-European demand. The Asia and Pacific market provided a mixed picture of slowing growth. Certain countries, for example India, continued to develop their domestic markets, but others experienced a sharp drop of demand, notably Japan and China. Finally, demand in North America remained weak given the continued slowdown of the US economy. Despite these challenges, passenger air travel volumes continued to grow, as load factors improved. Air cargo, on the other hand, remained well below expectations with weak demand, reflecting a continued slump in world trade. Meanwhile, growth in passenger demand varied greatly between regions. The strongest increases occurred in Latin America, catalyzed by the Brazilian domestic market, and in the Middle East, with the continued expansion of global carriers in the United Arab Emirates. These regions were followed by Europe, which was able to build its long-haul traffic to East Asia, as well as developing intra-European demand. The Asia and Pacific market provided a mixed picture of slowing growth. Certain countries, for example India, continued to develop their domestic markets, but others experienced a sharp drop of demand, notably Japan and China. Finally, demand in North America remained weak given the continued slowdown of the US economy.


In this article, the I3^-/I^- redox behavior in 3-methoxypropionitrile (MePN) containing alkali-metal iodide complexes with crown ether and crypt,and macrocycles was studied by cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the apparent diffusion coefficient D values of triiodide and iodide ions correlate with cations. D values of triiodide follow the order: 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium cation (DMPI^+)>[Na belong to 15-C-5]^+ (the mathematical symbol of inclus ions belong to, was used to indicate Na+ included in 15-C-5)> [K belong to 18-C-6]^+> [Na belog to 2.2.1-cryptand]^+ and those of iodide ionsfollow the order: [Na belong to 2.2.1-cryptand]^+ > [Na belong to 15-C-5]^+≈[K belong to 18-C-6]^+ > DMPI^+. The photovoltaic performances of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) with these complexes were compared with those containing 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (DMPII) in MePN. It shows that DSC with these complexes gave a little higher short photocurrent intensity and lower fill factor than those with DMPII, which is consistent with D values of triiodide and iodide ions. Moreover, solvents played an important role for the photo-electric conversion efficiency of DSC. The photo-electric conversion efficiency of DSC with DMPII is higher than that with [K belong to 18-C-6]I in MePN, while in ACN, it shows a little difference.


In this thesis we investigate the scheduling aspect of using 3GPP Long Term Evolution(LTE) as a radio transport in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications.A possible performance bottleneck in LT ...


Deletions on the short arm of chromosome 1 (del 1p36) have been reported to be predictive of several malignant neoplasms. We tried to establish whether they have prognostic importance for testicular germ cell cancers in adults hoping to find an additional risk factor, which would help to optimize risk-adapted treatment concepts for early stage germ cell tumor patients. In a retrospective analysis of stage I germ cell tumor patients enrolled in surveillance programs double color FISH assays were used to detect aberrations at 1p36 in the primary tumors. For matched-pair analysis including known risk factors, FISH data of 16 relapsing and 16 non-relapsing patients (10 seminoma pairs and 6 non-seminomatous germ cell tumor pairs) were compared. This showed that aberrations at 1p36 were not predictive of recurrence in stage I germ cell cancer in adults.


This article presents the results of a three-year (Nov. 2010–Dec. 2013) model test that was part of the "Occupational Training for a Sustainable Development" program sponsored by the German Bundesinstitut fur Berufsbildung (Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training). It was conducted by the University of Oldenburg's department of vocational training and business education jointly with the Bundestechnologiezentrum fur Elektro- und Informationstechnik e. V. (BFE) (Federal Center for Electrical Engineering and Information Technology). The model test pursued two different, albeit connected research approaches: a concept-development and a theory-modelling approach. The first one successfully developed, implemented and evaluated the unique, flexible and modularized renewable energies/energy efficiency specialist advanced training as defined by §42a of the German Chamber of Crafts' trade and crafts code. The second stream of theory-modelling complemented this by gaining well-founded insight that helps to describe and explain how exactly an occupational training works for sustainable development in professions operating in the energy sector.


This paper analyzed theoretically improve power factor for saving electricity to reduce losses,increase transmission capacity of electricity distribution equipment,as well as improve the quality of the relationship between the power supply.We Bureau of reactive power compensation system and the status of the economic benefits of optimization compensation.


This paper aims to show and to discuss some results of a large-time resarch upon the ergonomics problems of fishing in Cabo Frio, 200 km north far from Rio de Janeiro city. By working in a combined Ergonomic Action, Research-Action and Design Methodology perspective, we've looked for establishing the requisites and restraints concerning fishing boat projects, focusing the aspect of habitableness in a sea ambience, because the fishing boat is the workplace in this environment, and that makes it different from boats related to charge or people sea transport.


Preface Table of cases Table of statutes Table of abbreviations 1. Introduction 2. Property, personality and unfair competition in England and Wales, Australia and Canada 3. Privacy and personality in the common law systems 4. German law 5. French law 6. Conclusions Bibliography Index.


As far as the international relations of the countries in Asia and around the Pacific are concerned during the latter half of the 20th century, the relations between ASEAN and China are those of the coexistence of doubt and respect, hostility and eonperation, and utilization and friendship. With the changes of international relationship around the globe and in the Asia - Pacific region, their development has undergone three phases. Because South- east Asian Nations are in an area with multi - cultures and many different races, each has their own characteristics. And there appeared complicated intemational relationship after the Second World War in the region. So South- east Asian Nations can be classified into three categories when dealing with China.


In this study, a methodology for obtaining a conductive cassava starch biofilm doped with lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) is shown, as well as the electrochemical technique for the synthesis of polypyrrole films, which are used for developing the trilayer artificial muscle PPy/Biopolymer/PPy designed to operate in air. Furthermore, results from the trilayer movement using chronoamperometric techniques are shown.


131 Objectives: Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a serine hydrolase that associates with endocannabinoid system, eicosanoid and other lipid signaling pathways. Emerging studies have indicated that blockade of MAGL may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to several diseases including chronic pain, inflammation, cancer and neurodegeneration [1]. Herein we report a potent, selective and brain penetrant 18F-labeled MAGL PET ligand using novel spirocyclic iodonium ylide (SCIDY) precursors, and demonstrated high binding specificity of the ligand in vitro and in vivo for further translational PET studies.
 Methods: A library of five candidates 1-5 bearing a trifluoromethyl glycol leaving group and different terminal phenyl moieties were assembled and subjected to in vitro pharmacological evaluation via activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) assays. The spirocyclic iodonium ylide precursor 6 was synthesized from the corresponding aryl iodide 7 utilizing our SCIDY method [2]. The most promising compound 1 was radiolabeled with fluorine-18 over two steps including base-promoted nucleophilic substitution of the spirocyclic iodonium ylide 6 with fluorine-18 and subsequent acid-mediated deprotection of the PMB group. Dynamic PET imaging studies (baseline and blocking) were carried out in SD rats for 60 min in a Siemens Inveon scanner. The uptake, biodistribution and clearance of [18F]1 was investigated by whole body distribution studies in mice at five time points (1, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min) after tracer injection.
 Results: The candidate MAGL inhibitors 1-5 were assembled in 6-18% yields over 8 steps and the spirocyclic iodonium ylide 6 were obtained in 4% total yield over 8 steps. Primary pharmacological evaluation demonstrated compound 1 , namely (R)-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl (1R,5S,6R)-6-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carboxylate (PF-06795071), as the most promising lead compound (IC50 = 2.3 nM) with excellent selectivity towards MAGL over other serine hydrolases including KIAA1363, ABHD6 and ABHD12 (>100 fold selectivity). [18F]1 was radiolabeled in 8% non-decay corrected radiochemical yield with high radiochemical purity (>99%) and molar activity (>37 GBq/μmol). No sign of radiolysis was observed for [18F]1 up to 90 min after formulation in saline containing 10% ethanol. PET imaging studies of [18F]1 demonstrated good brain-penetration ability and heterogeneous distribution with the highest radioactivity in striatum, followed by cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and the lowest in cerebellum, which is in line with the MAGL distribution in the brain. No significant washout was observed for [18F]1, confirming the irreversible binding mechanism. Pretreatment with KML29 (3 mg/kg, a known MAGL inhibitor) remarkably reduced the radioactivity in the whole brain (~45% reduction based on area under curve, AUC) and various brain regions, indicating excellent in vivo binding specificity of [18F]1. From the whole-body biodistribution studies in mice, slow washout was observed in heart and lungs, which, together with high activity remaining in the kidneys, liver and small intestine, implicated hepatobiliary and urinary elimination of [18F]1.
 Conclusions: We have developed [18F]1 as potent and promising PET probe for neuroimaging of MAGL. PET imaging in nonhuman primates are on the way and will be reported in due course.
References: [1] J. Med. Chem. 2018, 61, 3008−3026; [2] Chem. Sci. 2016, 7, 4407 - 4417.


1School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70185, Sweden; 2Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden; 3Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 4Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, London, UK; 5Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75122, Sweden; 6Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy & Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75105, Sweden; 7Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70185, Sweden Purpose: Women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have more symp-


What steps should the industrial new product manager take to improve new product performance? This article pulls together the findings from the many research studies into what makes a new product a success. Six important lessons for managers are developed from those studies. The lessons point to a flow model approach to the development and commercialization of a new product — a step-by-step approach to successful product innovation. A seven-stage model, designed to move a product from the idea stage to product launch, is described. Actual case histories illustrate how each stage of the model can be implemented.


The present work aimed to study the physiological effects of mixed heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn) in four poplar hybrids. Poplar hybrids were treated once with six different concentrations (0, 5, 50, 100, 200, and 500 ppm) of mixed heavy metals for a period of 3 months. The photosynthetic and transpiration rates were measured before and during treatment using an LCi–SD portable photosynthesis system whereas the photosynthetic pigments were analytically determined. According to the results obtained, poplar hybrids exhibited a decrease in chlorophyll content and carotenoids except for hybrid 1 (Eco 28) which showed an increase at 200 and 500 ppm heavy metal concentrations. The photosynthetic rate decreased with increasing heavy metal concentrations; however, an increase was observed at the highest concentration of 500 ppm at 14.54 µmol m−2 s−1. Transpiration rates were significantly affected by increased heavy metals. Hybrid 1 (Eco 28) was deduced as the hybrid that has the ability to tolerate high levels of mixed heavy metals. Among the four poplar hybrids tested, hybrid 1 (Eco 28) was the best candidate for phytoremediative experiments under greenhouse conditions. These results are valuable in understanding how various tree hybrids respond to mixed heavy metal stress, especially when using them as bio indicators for phytoremediation experiments.


Study of the hydrologic system at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, requires extraction of pore-water samples from unsaturated tuff bedrock. Two generations of compression cells have been designed and tested for extracting representative, unaltered pore-water samples from unsaturated tuff cores. The one-dimensional compression cell has a maximum compressive stress rating of 552 MPa. Results from 86 tests show that the minimum degree of saturation for successful extraction of pore water was about 14% for non welded tuff and about 61% for densely welded tuff. The high-pressure, one-dimensional compression cell has a maximum compressive stress rating of 827 MPa. Results from 109 tests show that the minimum degree of saturation for successful extraction of pore water was about 7.5% for non welded tuff and about 34% for densely welded tuff. Geochemical analyses show that, in general, there is a decrease in ion concentration of pore waters as extraction pressures increase. Only small changes in pore-water composition occur during the one-dimensional extraction test.


We report on the case of a 61-year-old male who initially presented with a progressive myoclonus and an intention tremor and was subsequently diagnosed with celiac disease. His neurological symptoms improved with anti-epileptic therapy and a gluten-free diet. Possible explanations include a milder disease phenotype or an epileptic component to his myoclonic movement disorder. This case highlights findings of a progressive myoclonic movement disorder, likely linked to celiac disease, and stresses the importance of a gluten-free diet in the management of the neurological manifestations of celiac disease.


The segmentation unit is basic unit of the segmentation system as well asthe basis for word segmentation research..This paper discusses the segmentation unit of Tibetan word on the basis of current Tibetan grammar theory and Chinese semantic framework.Specifically,with reference to "The Criterion of Word Segmenatation for Chinese Information Processing(for Consultation)" and "The Criterion of Word Segmentation for Modern Chinese Information Processing" etc,this paper proposes the nine basic principles and three secondary principles to segment the Tibetan word on the basis of Tibetan corpus.The Tibetan word segmentation is futher explained in detail by the proposed segmentation principles and so-established Tibetan word class.


The primary optimization of the imaging speed of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been keenly studied. In order to overcome the major speed limitation of spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT), we developed an ultrahigh-speed SD-OCT system, with an A-scan rate of up to 1 MHz, using the method of space–time-division multiplexing (STDM). Multicameras comprising a single spectrometer were implemented in the developed ultrahigh-speed STDM method to eliminate the dead time of operation, whereas STDM was simultaneously employed to enable wide-range scanning measurements at a high speed. By successfully integrating the developed STDM method with GPU parallel processing, 8 vol/s for an image range of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$250\times 250\times2048$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixels (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9\times 4.5\times 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm) was achieved, with an adjustable volume rate according to the required scanning speed and range. The examined STDM-OCT results of the customized optical thin film confirmed its feasibility for various fields that require rapid and wide-field scanning.


INTRODUCTION The normalization of blood lipid profile has become an accepted therapeutic measure of primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease, with statins being the most popular group of medicines prescribed to lower cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. Statins are the HMC-CoA reductase inhibitors and the most important group of lipid modifying agents (ATC C10). In order to obtain the general insight of statins consumption trend in Croatia, the study of consumption in urban and rural surroundings in the period from 2004 to 2006 was performed. Consumption data were compared with data for these drugs in Norway, Finland and Denmark for the same period (2004-2006). MATERIAL AND METHODS The statins consumption data were retrieved from the Croatian Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices (ALMP) database. The data were extracted from annual reports to ALMP for 2004, 2005 and 2006 year and were collected from 44 pharmacies in total, out of which 22 were from urban and 22 from rural surroundings. The statins consumption is expressed in number of DDD/1000 inhabitants/day (DDD – Defined daily dose). The estimation of DDD/1000 inhabitants/day was made on the basis of issued/sold packages of each statin using the following expression: DDD x 1000/population x 365. The consumption of simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin and lovastatin were analyzed using Farmakoekonomika – MaPIS software (Mapro d.o.o. Croatia). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results of the study showed an increase in overall consumption of lipid modifying agents (ATC C10) in the period from 2004 to 2006. In total issued drugs (DDD/1000 inhabitants/day) in 2004, 2005 and 2006, the lipid modifying agents (ATC C10) were represented with 28.13, 36.03 and 46.21 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day or 4.27, 5.26 and 6.64%, respectively. (Table 1). Of five statins (Table 2) issued in that period the most issued/prescribed, in both urban and rural surroundings were simvastatin and atorvastatin ( 90%). The comparison of these two, the most prescribed statins, atorvastatin and simvastatin (in DDD/1000 inhabitants/day) showed a significant increase in atorvastatin consumption from 2004 to 2006. (Table 3) The consumption of atorvastatin significantly exceeded simvastatin consumption in 2006 (Fig. 1). The comparative analysis of simvastatin and atorvastatin consumption in Croatia (2004 to 2006) with consumptions in Norway, Denmark and Finland were performed. (Table 4, Fig. 2 and Table 5, Fig. 3) The results of analysis showed that consumptions of both, simvastatin and atorvastatin, were significantly lesser in Croatia than in European countries. CONCLUSION The consumption trend of lipid modifying agents (ATC C10) in Croatia is in permanent increase, and especially of statins. The most significant consumption in the investigated period (2004 to 2006) was obtained for simvastatin and atorvastatin. The results of this study indicate on different degree of statins consumptions in different part of Croatia, and these differences are especially significant between urban and rural surroundings. The comparison of simvastatin and atorvastatin consumptions data for Croatia with those in Norway, Denmark and Finland showed that consumption in Croatia was significantly lesser than in other countries, and that the consumption vary from country to country. Additionally, more data are necessary for final concludings of this research, including results of forthcoming study for the same medicines in the period from 2007 to 2009. References 1. Reiner Ž, Statins in primary and secondary prevention of coronary diseases, Medicus. 2003 ; 12: 85-90. 2. Vaughan CJ, Gotto AM, Update on statins.2004 ; 110:886-892. 3. Wertheimer AI, Santella TM, Problems using the defined daily dose (DDD) as a statistical basis for drug pricing and reimbursement, International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (IFPMA), 2007.


Both steam and hot water, the commonly used heat-transfer fluids for district heating, are generated in boilers. In order to use low-cost solid fuels, the use of boilers is the only practical one because engines and turbines are not yet capable of firing solid fuels. After reviewing design considerations, a fluid bed demonstration plant in district-heating use is described.


Benign ovarian Brenner tumors often are associated with mucinous cystic neoplasms, which are hypothesized to share a histogenic origin and progression, however, supporting molecular characterization is limited. Our goal was to identify molecular mechanisms linking these tumors. DNA from six Brenner tumors with paired mucinous tumors, two Brenner tumors not associated with a mucinous neoplasm, and two atypical proliferative (borderline) Brenner tumors was extracted from formalin- fi xed, paraf fi n-embedded tumor samples and sequenced using a 358-gene next-generation sequencing assay. Variant calls were compared within tumor groups to assess somatic mutation pro fi les. There was high concordance of the variants between paired samples (40% to 75%; P < 0.0001). Four of the six tumor pairs showed KRAS hotspot driver mutations speci fi cally in the mucinous tumor. In the two paired samples that lacked KRAS mutations, MYC ampli fi cation was detected in both of the mucinous and the Brenner components; MYC


In the transportation of pipeline in high - viscous liquid, the heat flux is needed in calculation when making use of heat boundary layer reducing resistance. The many kinds of heat losses of fluid flow on the temperature boundary layer in pipeline are a part of the total heat flux. Heat losses consist of three types: pipeline interior; pipeline outboard and safeguard temperature layer. Heat loss of pipeline outboard is diffused all along the surrounding air , and it is produced by the convection form. Heat loss of pipeline interior is heat conduction or convection. Heat loss of safeguard temperature layer is mainly heat conduction. Make use of the latest achievements in the theory of temperature boundary layer, the authors have given out the computation for many kinds of heat losses and the coefficient of heat conduction in the pipeline together with some computing examples.


Objective To evaluate the significance of bed side echocardiography in diagnosis and management of acute cardiac tamponade after coronary interventional therapy.Methods Retrospective analysis of the cases with acute cardiac tamponade after coronary interventional therapy from 1993 to 2003 in our hospital.Results The database of 2 100 cases with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stenting (PTCA and stenting) from 1993 to 2003 were reviewed and analyzed.There were 3 cases of cardiac tamponade and the incidence rate was 0.14%;the lesions related were all distal coronary complete obstruction lesions,cardiac tamponade was diagnosed 4~6 h after the procedure.We found distal coronary perforation in 1 case;perforation site couldn't be determined in 2 cases.In the mean time there were 5 cases of percutaneous myocardial revascularization,1 with cardiac tamponade,which occured just after the procedure was finished.The 4 patients with cardiac tamponade have refractory hypotension,the diagnosis was confirmed by bed side echocardiogram and pericardiocentesis and draining were made in all four cases.All patients recovered without surgical intervention.Conclusions Acute cardiac tamponade is a rare but severe complication.Bed side echocardiography is helpful for diagnosis and management.


Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have opened new possibilities of collaborations among the customers, suppliers, manufactures and partners to effectively tackle various business challenges. Product Life Cycle Management (PLM) has been a proven approach for Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to increase their productivity, improve their product quality, speed up delivery, and increase their profit and to become more efficient. However, their Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers like foundry industries are still in their infancy without adopting PLM. Hence to enhance their understanding, the basic concepts, the tools and strategies for PLM are presented is this paper. By selecting and implementing appropriate PLM strategies in a small foundry, an attempt was also made to understand the immediate benefits of using PLM tools (commercial PLM software and digital manufacturing tools). This study indicated a reduction in lead time and improved utilization of organizational resources in the production of automobile impeller. These observations may be further extrapolated to other multi-product, multi-discipline and multi-customer companies to realize the advantages of using PLM technology.


Human face detection plays considerably important role in various biometric applications like crowd surveillance, photography, human-computer interaction, tracking, automatic target recognition, artificial intelligence and various security applications. Varying illumination conditions, color variance, brightness, pose variations are major challenging problems for facial detection. Skin color based segmentation and AdaBoost based facial detection scheme are the two most widely used techniques for face detection. But skin color segmentation method has very high false positive detection rate in images with complicated background and AdaBoost algorithm does not provide desired results for detecting images having multiple pose and multiple faces. Apart from this, AdaBoost approach has higher accuracy, but slower speed and skin color segmentation method has a faster speed of detection, but lower accuracy; and. So our paper proposes a novel facial detection scheme based on the integration of YCgCr based skin color segmentation and improved AdaBoost algorithm. Also morphological operators are applied to improve the detection performance. From the experimental results, it can be deduced that the proposed face detection algorithm improves the detection speed, accuracy and capable of real time face detection. Simulation results are used to show that our proposed method achieves accuracy of approximately 97% and has considerably good performance on images having complex background and can detect faces of various sizes, postures and expressions, under uncontrolled lighting environments.


Despite the fact that the European Administrative Space actually exists for quite a long time, the actual emancipation of the Commission from national governments has placed the development of such a space on a radically different trajectory. This new space seems to complement a basically intergovernmental order with highly visible elements of a Union administration that spans levels of governance, partly circumventing national ministries. It has to be understood that the extent of administrative activity in the European administrative space can only be fully appreciated if the traditional external point of view is supplemented with an internal one. It leads to a view of the European administrative space not as being two superimposed territorial structures; rather, this space can be seen to have developed over time, on one hand, a de-territorialisation of the exercise of power, and on the other hand, the establishment of a network of integrated administration. The emergence of integrated administration has an impact on criteria for accountability. The above analysis will lead us to some extremely interesting conclusions in order to better understand the full concept of the European Administrative Space.


We recomputed the Viking Mars control point network and derived Mars-fixed three-dimensional coordinates of 3739 selected, globally distributed landmarks. Mars Pathfinder and Viking Lander 1 coordinates as well as data from reanalyzed spacecraft occultation measurements are used as fixed control information in the analysis. The network benefits greatly from recently restored Viking orbiter trajectory data and new planet rotational parameters derived from Pathfinder lander tracking. In our attempt to predict the coordinates of the Viking Lander 1 site from given Pathfinder coordinates, we find an offset of ≈4–5 km of this lander location with respect to the previously reported data. We suggest that this probably is explained by erroneous identification of this landing site in the images. Ninety percent of our landmark coordinates have positional errors of less than 1800 m. This network thus removes previously noted severe offsets between Mars-fixed coordinates and cartographic products.


A satellite topography of the English literary tradition since the Industrial Revolution might show nature as a spiritual-imaginative object in the Romantic climes, as a religious or scientific object in the Victorian domain, and as a symbolic/formal object in the Modern realm. In the territory of Postmodernity, nature, probably due to its rapid decimation, emerges as a politico-cultural object, one which is no longer restricted to literature, "fine" art, and formalist cinema and video, but also has starring roles in commercials, photos, and movies, and is at the center of heated public debates about "ecocide," "ecoterrorism," "ecopornography," "greenwashing" and "animal rights." Responding to these concerns, academia has itself developed a variety of subdisciplines - "ecopsychology," "ecological economics," "ecofeminism," "ecosophy" - as well as the many orientations named by adding the adjective environmental: science, law, ethics, history. In the humanities, the academic response has primarily taken the form of "eco-criticism," a literature-based approach within a still loosely federated but emerging field generally designated as "green cultural studies." As the term suggests, green cultural studies has major affinities with cultural studies, whose prevalent concern has been the impact that texts and social practices have upon ethnicity/color, gender, sexuality, economic class, and age (particularly youth subcultures). The origins of green cultural studies could in this sense be located in the admission of a newcomer into this nexus of concerns: namely, nature (plants, animals, elements, or what I have frequently called "worldnature" or the "fifth world"). In our time, probably the first to link nature with issues of race, class, and gender was Donna Haraway with her 1984 essay entitled "Teddy Bear Patriarchy," a critique of Carl Akeley's hunting expeditions carried out for the collection of animal corpses to be used in the dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History. More recently, in his 1991 Introduction to Strange Weather, Andrew Ross called for a "green cultural criticism" (6), or what has increasingly become identified as "green cultural studies," a title that more effectively ties green concerns to the politico-ethical core of cultural studies. Within this context, therefore, the project of green cultural studies is the examination of nature through words, image, and model for the purpose of foregrounding potential effects representation might have on cultural attitudes and social practices which, in turn, affect nature itself. What this also means, however, is that green cultural studies must be equally cautious of the impact that it - like other forms of representation - can have on nature. What is needed at this time, therefore, is a much more precise mapping of the emergence of this new discipline than the "satellite topography" with which I began. In my following survey of green cultural studies, accordingly, I first trace the long green line running through the history of a Marxist-based cultural studies; second, I pinpoint criticisms which cultural studies levels at the lexical derivatives of the word, nature, likely deriving from the Naturalist traditions of Zola, Norris, and Steinbeck; third, I raise objections to several configurations of nature advanced by critics like Haraway and Ross; and finally, I sketch some alternative mappings which green cultural studies might take in the future. Cultural studies, while rooted in Marxism, also began in green. According to Stuart Hall, former Director of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies in Birmingham, the works of the Frankfurt School must be regarded among the movement's Ur-texts. The chief spokesmen here were Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, who as early as 1944 theorized that alienation from, and Baconian "blind domination" of nature were central failings of the Enlightenment (42). They thought that if the Enlightenment could be turned against itself, or if culture's grounding in nature could be recalled, the "truth" of culture might emerge: "By virtue of this remembrance of nature in the subject, in whose fulfillment the unacknowledged truth of all culture lies hidden, enlightenment is universally opposed to domination" (40). …


Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) from Xanthomonas campestris (xcTDO) is a highly specific heme-containing enzyme from a small family of homologous enzymes, that includes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (DO). Both enzymes catalyse the dioxygenation of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) to N-formylkynurenine, in the first step of the kynurenine pathway and play a central role in the physiological regulation of tryptophan flux in the human body The structure of catalytically active, ferrous xcTDO in complex with L-Trp has been determined to 1.6 A. In addition, the structure of the catalytically inactive, substratefree xcTDO has been determined to 2.7 A. These structures show the substrate binding interactions at the active-site and reveal that TDO is an induced-fit enzyme, with significant reorganisation of the active-site upon substrate binding. A thousand fold increase in the L-Trp binding affinity is observed upon heme reduction (Kd Fe(Ill) = 3800 tM, Kd Fe(II) = 4tM), disfavouring the mechanistically unproductive binding of L-Trp to the oxidized enzyme (1). The catalytic mechanisms employed by TDO and DO have not yet been fully elucidated and a number of mechanisms for tryptophan dioxygenation have been proposed. One proposed mechanism of dioxygen activation suggests that the basecatalysed deprotonation of the indole nitrogen of the substrate is necessary for catalysis, and the crystal structure of xcTDO has revealed a histidine residue (histidine 55) in the active site. Histidine 55 hydrogen bonds to the indole nitrogen atom of L-Trp, and could function as an active site base. However, on comparison of the active sites of TDO and DO it can be seen that DO contains a serine residue (serine 167) in the analogous position to histidine 55 in TDO. This serine residue is unlikely to act as an active site base, suggesting the possibility that a base may not be needed. In this study we attempt to resolve the question of whether an active site base is necessary for catalytic activity. Active-site mutants where histidine 55 was replaced by alanine or serine (H55A and H5 5 S) were created and crystal structures of the H5 5 A and H5 5 S mutant forms in complex with L-Trp were determined to 2.15 A and 1.90 A resolution respectively (2). Only a small change in the L-Trp binding affinity is observed upon enzyme 1 e ILII)ISIIC [11UiS' hue i f10i1011 ,i-L1U; CiiL reduction for H55A (Ks, Fe(III) = 12.tM, Kd Fe(11) = 4p.M) and H55S (Kd, Fe(ffl) = 181.xM, Kd Fe(II) = 51.iM)), allowing unproductive binding of L-Trp to the oxidized enzyme. These data, in conjunction with structural, potentiometric and kinetic studies, revealed that histidine 55 was not essential for turnover, but greatly disfavoured the mechanistically unproductive binding of L-Trp to the oxidized enzyme, allowing control of catalysis. 1-Methyl-tryptophan was also studied as a possible substrate or inhibitor of xcTDO activity. This study reveals that whilst 1-methyl-tryptophan is not a substrate for TDO, and is not an inhibitor of its action, the active site mutants H55A and H55S can dioxygenate 1 -methyl-tryptophan. These catalytic differences are explained by comparison of the active sites of the enzymes, and support the proposal that a catalytic base is not necessary for enzymatic activity. In addition, these data provide new insight into the future of 1 -methyl-tryptophan as an inhibitor of DO activity in cancer treatments.


In the last ntumber of the Journal of Hellenic Studies (LXII, 1942, pp. 33-38) Professor Paul Maas has reconstructed an interesting magical text from what he calls, for convenience, the Philinna papyrus. That document is made up of two fragments, P. Amherst 11 and P. Berol. 7504 (Berliner Klassikertexte, V, p. 144). Because of the war the proposed junction could not be demonstrated by photographs of both pieces, but the reconstruction is nevertheless convincing. This note deals with one short passage in the papyrus. I accept Maas's edition of the text (p. 36) and refer the reader to his article for all palaeographical matters and for the details of the reconstruction. The Philinna papyrus is a collection of charms written in hexameters. The last, which is headed ttX4vvNs E)Eo-o-aXr)s E'vaot&\ Ebs KEbaX?73 v-ovov, reads as follows:


Depression is ranked as the leading cause for disability and is the leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Prevalence rates for depression are approximately 20% among adolescents. For adolescents aged 15-24, suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death. The purpose of this study was to determine the cumulative impact of adverse experiences on outcomes of depression and suicide ideation, in a cohort of 125 adolescent girls and their mothers receiving public assistance. In the context of poverty, adverse exposures studied were personal victimization, household dysfunction, and community violence. Over 40% reported more than seven adverse exposures. By the fourth year of the study, there was a doubling in the incidence of depression, and an almost ten percent increase in mental distress. This book offers evidence for researchers and clinicians on the relationship of cumulative exposures to adversity and depression. The results also suggest that the generally assumed risk factors of divorce or incarceration of a family member may serve as protective factors and should be investigated relative to the population''s exposures.


ABSTRACT Caribbean writer A.R.F. Webber's 1917 Those That Be in Bondage is the first novel of the South Asian Caribbean. In it, he locates migration and sexuality within larger colonial systems spanning economics, race, class, and gender norms. Shani Mootoo's 2008 novel, Valmiki's Daughter, shows how queer lives are shaped in the Caribbean, and how they are often on the move, intersecting with the objects and conditions of migration. From big oil in Trinidad and its local and global displacements, to colonial heteronormativity and the dislocation of desires in the present, these narratives compel us to critically evaluate how racialized genders and sexualities shape liminal diasporas in the Caribbean. This article assesses contemporary and historical diasporas, focusing on bodies dislocated by racialized heteropatriarchy in colonial and postcolonial contexts via the lens of anti-colonial queer phenomenology.


A two-stage approach for structural damage detection is presented by directly using incomplete modal parameters.The first stage is to locate the suspected damaged elements by using the best achievable eigenvector method.The second stage is to quantify damages with the help of the first-order sensitivity of the structural natural frequencies.A numerical simulation case of a plane truss structure is given to verify the proposed method.Results show that the proposed method performs well and can be used in engineering practice.


The paper is a tribute to an outstanding international and European lawyer and academic Jaques Bourgeois. It addresses the relationship between exchange rate and monetary policies, currently subject to worldwide discussion in legal circles, especially taking into consideration a recent Chinese example of the claimed "currency manipulation." This paper shortly deals with the IMF powers to regulate similar matters and points out the existing shortcomings. The role of the WTO is also discussed, specifically in light of its rules on subsidies and their applicability to currency policies with subsidizing effects. The paper concludes with some suggestions on the reform of the IMF.


We present an interactive algorithm to perform continuous collision detection between general deformable models using graphics processors (GPUs). We model the motion of each object in the environment as a continuous path and check for collisions along the paths. Our algorithm precomputes the chromatic decomposition for each object and uses visibility queries on GPUs to quickly compute potentially colliding sets of primitives. We introduce a primitive classification technique to perform efficient continuous self-collision. We have implemented our algorithm on a 3:0 GHz Pentium IV PC with a NVIDIA 7800 GPU, and we highlight its performance on complex simulations composed of several thousands of triangles. In practice, our algorithm is able to detect all contacts, including self-collisions, at image-space precision in tens of milli-seconds.


Introduction Nineteenth-century Paris witnessed an absolute blossoming of cityscape activity as contemporary landscape and genre specialists desperately tried to 'capture' their constantly changing environs. A variety of major urban events, including the deconstruction and reconstruction of the city organised by Baron Haussmann during the Second Empire and the physical destruction left behind by the turmoil of the Franco-Prussian War and Parisian Commune, provided endless visual fascination. The novelty of this new theme attracted not only artists but also illustrators, newspaper commentators, novelists and those individuals experimenting with the developing medium of photography. The capacity of these essays on the changing city, represented within various media, to provide valuable documentary material was immediately noted within contemporary circles. Whilst various academic studies have explored the earliest cityscape paintings, as well as contemporary photographic material, the material that was supported by government and ruling officials has yet to be explored.


EDITORIAL This issue of DEOSNEWS concludes a series begun earlier in response to a request by Dr. Connie Dillon of the University of Oklahoma who contacted us about publishing an annotated bibliography developed by graduate students in one of her classes. We welcomed the opportunity to provide our readers with this research-based resource. However, space limitations prohibited us from publishing the entire work in one issue. The students' original annotated bibliography covered six topics, four of which have been published previously. The first two subject areas, Technology and Design and Learners and Learning, were published in Volume 6 Number 5 of DEOSNEWS. The second topics, Learner Support and Faculty Issues, were published in Volume 7 Number 3 (instructions for retrieving back issues appear at the end of this article). The introduction to the complete bibliography and an abridged version (minimally edited) of the final two subject areas, Administration and Organization and Policy, are presented in this issue of DEOSNEWS. We acknowledge the efforts of the students in developing this resource and are grateful to their mentor for bringing this work to our attention. =========================== A REVIEW OF DISTANCE EDUCATION RESEARCH: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY APPROACH by Sami Faddah Dale Fike Charlotte French Dwight Fulcher Simon Hsu Linda Smith Dennis Widen INTRODUCTION This annotated bibliograph has been prepared with the hope that researchers and practitioners in the field of Distance Education will find here a useful review of articles that are currently appearing in refereed journals. Our investigation of distance education literature focused on the following topics: Technology and Instructional Design; Learners and Learning; Learner Support; Faculty; Administration and Organization; and Policy. The methodology was developed from a Research and Theory class led by Dr. Connie Dillon at the Vol 8.3 DEOSNEWS 1 of 12


The" aim" of this study is to use the natural adsorbents which consist of gum arabic as absorbents for plant products to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater and standard aqueous solutions with a prepackaged bed column (PBC) technique based on a Box-Wilson design". The gum arabic was modified into carbonated gum by oven maville at 300°C. The influence of were studied: pH value, contact time, and removal efficiency estimation using a packed layer column which gives the best" heavy metal removal" performance."The study showed the removal efficiency tests of charred gum arabic absorbers that the best removal from industrial wastewater were: 80%, 68.75% and 90.7% for lead (Pb), cobalt (Co) and cadmium (Cd) respectively, at pH 5-6.5 and contact time. 0.25 - 4.30 hours. While from the standard aqueous solutions, they were: 82.5%, 71.4% and 91% for Pb, Co and Cd respectively, at pH 5 - 6.5 and contact time 0.25 - 4.30 hours. In addition, other pollutants of charred gum arabic such as total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (E.C) have been reduced in industrial wastewater. The carburizing degumming efficiency showed significant differences between removal of heavy metals at (p≤ 0.05).


У статті розглядаються мовні та позамовні чинники виникнення евфемістичних номінативних одиниць у словниковому складі німецької мови. Аналізуються структура, семантика, прагматичний потенціал даної групи лексики та демонструється її динамічний характер.
(The article deals with linguistic and extralinguistic factors of emerging of euphemistic nominative units in the German language; it analyzes the structure, semantics and pragmatic potential of this group of vocabulary. Extralinguistic determinism of euphemisms is a complex of intentions of social, psychological and cultural nature which promotes the replacement of «undesirable» name for a constant object or phenomenon. The reason for the use of euphemisms are pragmatic considerations of courtesy, decency, taboo principle, desire to disguise the negative nature of referents. The use of euphemisms in politics
is dictated by the regulatory principle of influence on general reader. Factors relevant to euphemizing of linguistic units are belonging them to a certain lexical semantic group (eg. abstract nouns) and the amount of the semantic structure of the word (polysemantic words have more euphemistic potential.) Pragmatic intent of a communicator to cause a positive reaction in the recipient determines the appropriate repertoire of linguistic resources to achieve this goal. The positive effect of the statement
which contains euphemism is achieved primarily due to the positive initial semantics of the word or its component which is selected by the speaker as a substitute of the direct referent name. Thus, in terms of evaluation, there is a significant overestimation of the marked object compared to its content. Positive semantics of individual words can provide positive pragmatic effect to the whole phrase. Lexical units borrowed from other languages can be used as euphemisms, due to their unclear semantics they are
not always understood by native speakers. The euphemisms are characterised by their evanescence – through frequent use of
transnomination, the sign which was placed in its foundation ceases to be felt by the speaker and euphemism is becoming perceived as the main definition of the referent. As a result, the emergence of a new euphemism becomes apparent. The article gives examples of euphemisms which were used at different stages of the recent German history. Special attention is given to the research of the euphemisms which are frequently used in the socio-political sphere, the sphere of economics, advertising and etc.
The theoretical conclusions concerning the functioning of such units in speech are illustrated with the actual linguistic material.)


Soil vapor extraction (SVE) decontaminates soils containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by drawing air through the contaminated zone to a dry well and to the surface. The air evaporates the VOCs and induces in situ biodegradation. An optimal SVE rate minimizes cleanup time, initial and operating costs and the cost of treating the SVE air. Most SVE designs are based on hydrogeology, but air extraction in soils differs greatly from liquid extraction. In addition, liquid VOC flow from a leak differs greatly from water flow in soils. This paper considers gaseous and liquid VOC flow in soils, some factors affecting the optimal SVE flow rate and the effects of the water and heat removal that accompany VOC removal by SVE. Recommendations for fast SVE rates, greater than 100 cfm (160 m{sup 3}/hr) per well,are supported by initial pump tests, by pump manufacturers` guidelines and by assuming vapor equilibrium. Air extraction initially removes VOCs from the major air channels, so fast SVE rates then remove VOCs faster. This air at vapor equilibrium, however, is soon swept out. Thereafter removal is controlled by VOC diffusion from micropores to the mass flow region, the VOC concentrations are below equilibrium and VOC removal ismore » independent of the SVE rate.« less


The enormous growth of informatics in the past decade has resulted in a high demand for trained professionals. Different types of training programs have been developed to serve the full spectrum of our field, from theoretical foundations to practical applications. For example, clinical research data management requires certain professional competencies (p. 737), while clinical data management involves an overlapping, but not identical, set of skills (p. 832). The goal of informatics education is to train a cadre of professionals who can design, develop, implement, and evaluate information-based interventions that impact health sciences and clinical care. These interventions target a variety of users and utilize diverse approaches and technologies. Among them, electronic health records (EHRs) continue to be a critical source of research in informatics, with articles that describe how to identify gravely ill Social Security disability applicants from EHRs (p. 709), compare vital signs recorded on paper and electronically (p. 717), review digital interventions to improve cardiovascular health (p. 867), and analyze policies that promote safe and usable EHRs (p. 769), among many others. Identifying adverse drug events (ADEs) from electronic health records is an important area of investigation in informatics. Authors report on the decline in in-hospital ADEs resulting from meaningful use of information technology (p. 729), show how Twitter posts can serve as input for deep-learning pharmacovigilance models to label ADEs (p. 813), and describe a system to detect ADEs from nursing notes and laboratory test results (p. 697). Related to medication safety, different studies compare knowledge bases used for detection of drugdrug interactions (p. 806), analyze medication order voiding in computerized provider order entry systems (p. 762), and describe a pharmacogenomics information resource for pharmacists (p. 822). Any analysis based on electronic health data must rely on harmonized data and reproducible processes. Examples of such processes are a phenotyping algorithm for the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (p. 845), a method for embedding nursing interventions into the World Health Organization classification (p. 722), and a system to automatically classify eligibility criteria in clinical trials (p. 781). Related to data organization are also a new implementation of MetaMap (p. 841) and a method to detect missing relations and concepts in SNOMED CT (p. 788). Genomic information is increasingly being utilized in clinical care. We report on the decision-support needs of primary care pediatricians (p. 851) and a strategy for mitigating privacy risks in genomic data queries (p. 799). Decision-support tools are important to fill information gaps and to continuously educate health care providers and patients on various topics, eg, the information needs of generalists and specialists (p. 754), communication of patient health information to guide health information technology design (p. 680), shared decision-making using personal health record technology (p. 857), and systems to decrease unnecessary vitamin D testing (p. 776) and to monitor mood (p. 746). As exemplified in this issue of the journal and documented in JAMIA for over 20 years, informatics is a diverse and fascinating field that not only supports and augments the work of health scientists and clinicians, but also changes the way they approach problems. It is thus our responsibility to ensure that our information interventions result in maximal societal benefit and are improved or replaced by better products generated by a new generation of informatics professionals.


Using the concept of distributional distance, a test statistic is proposed FOR the hypothesis of independence in multidimensional contingency tables. A Monte Carlo Study is done to empirically compare the power of the proposed test to the Pearson x2 and the likelihood ratio test- Further, the nonnull distribution under various spike alternatives is tabulated


Businesses, in commercial law and the bill passed in 2011 was considered, and a general classification of capital companies, individuals, cooperatives are classified as mixed, that is, they will make a few companies. Mixed Company Mixed Company is a non-stock of the subsidiary. In this study, Essay on the draft Commercial Code Act 90 has been, and according to the company, the combination of a partnership, or limited liability company, in case the company must invest cash payments and share partnership  non- cash partners, as well as calendar and give up on its company, and if they do not fulfill the following conditions, corporate formation, and it is bound to valid, in addition, non-compliance with the rules and regulations concerning the form of company formation business law, the company is considered valid ways.. In addition to the nullity of the company, which has also been noted, such invalidity against third persons who are, or appear to have such a trust can not be invoked


Andreasjohns has written an extensive study of one of the most colorful figures of the east Slavic magic tale. Most folktale personages of the European tradition tend to "behave in a predictably unambiguous way in relation to the hero" (3), but the witch-mother Baba Iaga may appear as villain, donor, or hostile donor, and at times she assumes more than one mien within a single tale. The complexity of the image, which has existed in a fairly stable form for at least two hundred years, intrigues Johns, but he admits that the lack of documentary evidence renders its origin and evolution a matter of speculation. His concern is to discover what Baba Iaga means for those who narrate and listen to her stories and whether there exists any overall pattern according to which her roles vary. Johns's method is descriptive. He examines more than 400 texts organized according to the AarneThompson Index of Tale Types (AT) and the East Slavic Tale-Type Index (SUS) as well as a vast amount of secondary literature. The book includes six generously annotated chapters and a summarizing conclusion; two appendixes, one containing translations of eleven texts in which Baba Iaga appears and another listing the tale types of Baba Iaga texts; an extensive bibliography; an index of significant names and terms, and an index of tale types. Chapter 1 discusses the many variants of Baba Iaga's name and the history of interpretation of the image within the standard folkloristic schools (mythological, ritual, structural, psychological, Marxist). The second chapter surveys Baba Iaga's occasional appearance in folk belief and discusses kindred or similar figures in numerous other Slavic, European, and non-European traditions. Here a map would have proven helpful. The meat of Johns's discussion appears in chapters 2 6 , where he examines, respectively, tales relating to children, tales in which Baba Iaga serves as a donor, tales in which her ambiguity is a pronounced feature, and tales in which she is a villain. Given four types of protagonists (boy, girl, young man, young woman) and Baba Iaga's three roles, one might anticipate twelve possible combinations. But Johns notes that in fact there are fewer. Baba Iaga almost never serves as a donor when the protagonist is a young boy (as in AT 327C/F). On the other hand, she is often a donor or hostile donor for a girl (AT 480). Johns attributes the reason for the difference in the children's tales to the male child's anxiety about separation from his mother and assumption of male identity. Baba Iaga serves as donor in tales in which a young man seeks his lost wife (e.g., AT 550, 551), and here the attributes of the hut on chicken legs and the formulaic entry ("Hut, hut, stand with your back to the forest facing me!" 156) and greeting ("Fu, fu! It smells of the Russian scent," 156) are often present. She typically serves as ambiguous donor in dragon slayer tales (AT 300) and some versions of tales about three underground kingdoms (AT 301). But in a number of female-centered tales she is a villain who assumes the form of stepmother, false mother, or false bride (AT 516, 403). Johns concurs with the generally accepted notion that, on the whole, the tales deal with conflicts and anxieties of maturation and adjustment to marriage and adult life.


Stochastic analyses were prepared for processes of rainfall, runoff and suspended load transport for the gaging station Botun on the River Sateska in the Republic of Macedonia. From the analyses a stationary correlation was found among three processes. The best correlation occurred between runoff and total suspended load transport for rainy days and rising stage. Improvement of the correlation was achieved by substitution of total rainfall with effective rainfall and corresponding runoff and suspended load transport.


The long-chain fatty-acid receptor FFA4 exerts beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion and is considered a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. FFA4 is expressed in islets, but its precise mechanism of action remains unknown. Previous studies from our group suggest that FFA4 is expressed in delta cells and regulates somatostatin secretion. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that FFA4 agonists indirectly stimulate insulin secretion via inhibition of somatostatin release. In 1-h static incubations of isolated, wild-type mouse islets, the FFA4 agonist CpdA dose-dependently potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion from 2.2±0.2 to 3.4±0.2 % of insulin content at the concentration of 50 μM (n=8; p<0.001), and simultaneously decreased somatostatin secretion from 28.4±2.1 to 10.5±0.9 pM (n=8; p<0.0001). No effect of CpdA on insulin or somatostatin secretion was observed in islets from mice that do not express somatostatin (insulin: 3.2±0.1 vs 2.9±0.4, n=6, NS; somatostatin: 11.4±1.2 vs 11.9±1.2, n=6, NS). No sex differences were observed. Likewise, in delta-cell deficient islets isolated from diphtheria toxin-treated male mice expressing the diphtheria toxin receptor under the somatostatin promoter, no effect of CpdA was observed on insulin or somatostatin release (insulin: 4.9±0.9 vs 4.1±0.8, n=3, NS; somatostatin: 10.1±4.9 vs 9.2±5.3, n=6, NS). We conclude that FFA4 stimulation of insulin secretion is exclusively mediated by inhibition of somatostatin secretion from delta cells.

 L.Reininger: None. M.Ethier: None. C.Tremblay: None. J.Ghislain: None. M.Huising: Consultant; AstraZeneca, Research Support; Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. V.Poitout: Consultant; AstraZeneca. M.Flisher: None.

 National Institutes of Health (R01DK132597)


Analyzed was the function of the catalyzer CHCT on the solid phase reaction, liquid phase reaction, and fast cooling of clinker during the cement calcination process. With this catalyzer, the production cost can be deduced, and enterprise's economic profit increased.


Discusses some of the latest developments in the telecommunication network and computer network industries. ATM is considered with particular reference to LANs. Digital subscriber lines and wavelength division multiplexing are also considered. The advantages and limitations of each are discussed.